TITLE: Another $2 \times 2$ matrix question
QUESTION [11 upvotes]: This question is similar to this previous one but I think it is harder.
Let $X$, $Y$, $Z$, and $W$ be $2\times 2$ Hermitian matrices. Can we always find $\theta,\phi \in [0,\pi/2]$ and $2\times 2$ unitaries $U$ and $V$ such that
$$SUXU^*S + CVYV^*C$$ and $$SUZU^*S + CVWV^*C,$$ 
are both scalar multiples of the identity matrix,
where $S = {\rm diag}(\sin \theta, \sin \phi)$ and $C = {\rm diag}(\cos \theta, \cos\phi)$?
I'm guessing this is true. Maybe there is a homotopy reason as in the previous question. I think an answer in either direction would likely lead to a solution to this other previous question.
Edit: another way to ask this is, given $X$, $Y$, $Z$, and $W$, can we find $2\times 2$ matrices $A$ and $B$ such that $$AA^* + BB^*$$ $$AXA^* + BYB^*$$ $$AZA^* + BWB^*$$ are all scalar multiples of the identity (and the first one is not zero).
Edit 2: another reformulation. Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be the column vectors of $A^*$ and $\gamma$ and $\delta$ the column vectors of $B^*$ in the first edit. Then by looking at matrix entries of the expressions given there we see that the conditions become $$\langle X\alpha, \alpha\rangle + \langle Y\gamma, \gamma\rangle = \langle X\beta, \beta\rangle + \langle Y\delta, \delta\rangle$$
and $$\langle X\alpha,\beta\rangle + \langle Y\gamma,\delta\rangle = 0,$$
plus similar conditions with $Z, W$ or $I_2,I_2$ in place of $X,Y$. The problem is to find $\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta \in \mathbb{C}^2$, not all zero, satisfying these equations.

REPLY [5 votes]: First let $P$ be the space of nonzero quadruples $(X,Y,Z,W)$ of Hermitian matrices, and let $Q$ be the set of sextuples $(X,Y,Z,W,A,B)$ where $(X,Y,Z,W)\in P$ and $(A,B)\neq(0,0)$ and the three matrices mentioned are multiples of the identity.  There is a projection map $\pi\colon Q\to P$, and we want to know whether this is surjective.
Let $P_1$ be the subspace of $P$ where $\|X\|^2+\|Y\|^2+\|Z\|^2+\|W\|^2=1$, and let $Q_1$ be the subspace of $Q$ where $(X,Y,Z,W)\in P_1$ and $AA^*+BB^*=I$.  Because our equations are appropriately homogeneous, it is equivalent to ask whether the projection $\pi\colon Q_1\to P_1$ is surjective.  Note that $P_1$ and $Q_1$ are compact, so $\pi(Q_1)$ is closed in $P_1$.  Thus, if there are any points not in $\pi(Q_1)$, then they form a nonempty open set, and we can hope to find a counterexample by random search.
For fixed $(X,Y,Z,W)\in P$ it works out that we are trying to solve 12 equations in 16 variables, so it is reasonable to hope for a solution.  I generated 1000 random examples and in each case set four of the 16 variables arbitrarily and solved numerically for the remaining 12, with success in every case.  This convinces me that the answer is probably positive.
Maple code is as follows:
with(LinearAlgebra):
r := () -> rand(-100..100)()/10.;
rand_hermitian := proc()
 local a,b,c,d;
 a := r(); b := r(); c := r(); d := r();
 <<a|b+I*c>,<b-I*c|d>>;
end:

dagger := (M) -> map(conjugate,Transpose(M));

assume(a1::real,a2::real,a3::real,a4::real,
       a5::real,a6::real,a7::real,a8::real,
       b1::real,b2::real,b3::real,b4::real,
       b5::real,b6::real,b7::real,b8::real);

A := <<a1+a2*I|a3+a4*I>,<a5+a6*I|a7+a8*I>>;
B := <<b1+b2*I|b3+b4*I>,<b5+b6*I|b7+b8*I>>;

for i from 1 to 1000 do
 if modp(i,10) = 0 then print(i); fi;
 W := rand_hermitian();
 X := rand_hermitian();
 Y := rand_hermitian();
 Z := rand_hermitian();
 MM := {A.dagger(A) + B.dagger(B),
        A.X.dagger(A) + B.Y.dagger(B),
        A.Z.dagger(A) + B.W.dagger(B)}:
 MM := map(M -> op(expand([M[1,2],M[2,1],M[1,1]-M[2,2]])),MM): 
 MM := map(z -> op([Re(z),Im(z)]),MM) minus {0}:
 sol := fsolve({a1-1,a8,b2,b8,op(MM)});
 if not(type(subs(sol,[a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,b8])
             [numeric$16])) then
  print("problem");
  break;
 fi;
od: