TITLE: Can we choose smoothly the singular vectors of a matrix?
QUESTION [6 upvotes]: $\newcommand{\GLm}{\text{GL}_n^-}$Let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix with non-positive determinant. Suppose that the smallest singular value of $A$ is strictly smaller than all the others (it has multiplicity $1$). 

Question: Do there exist an open neighbourhood $O$ of $A$, and smooth maps $U:O \to \operatorname{SO}_n$, $V:O \to \operatorname{O}_n^-$ such that 
  $$ X=U(X)\Sigma(X)V(X)^T$$ holds for every $X \in O$, where
  $\Sigma(X) = \operatorname{diag}\left( \sigma_1(X),\dots\sigma_n(X) \right)$, and $\sigma_1(X)$ is the smallest singular value of $X$? 

Note that I don't care about the ordering of $\sigma_2,\dotsc,\sigma_n$, but I specifically want the minimal singular value to be in a fixed position.

Comment 1: If we replace the requirement that $\sigma_1 $ has multiplicity $1$ by the requirement that all the singular values are distinct, then the answer is positive: In that case the map
\begin{align*}
\mu: \operatorname{SO}_n\times \mathcal D\times \operatorname{O}_n^-\to Y \\
(U,\Sigma,V)\mapsto U\Sigma V^T
\end{align*}
is a local diffeomorphism, so is locally invertible (here $\mathcal D$ is the space of $n\times n$ diagonal matrices with strictly increasing positive entries, and $Y=\{A \,|\, \text{$\det A<0$ and all the singular values of $A$ are distinct}\}$). This works when $\det A <0$. When $\det A=0$ (and all its singular values are distinct) a slight adaptation of this argument works.
Comment 2: If such maps $U$, $V$ exist, then the map $A \to \Sigma(A)$ is also smooth. In general the ordered singular values cannot be chosen smoothly when they "cross", but here I don't require to keep the ordering of $\sigma_2,\dotsc,\sigma_n$ fixed, so I think there is no obstruction, but I may be wrong.

REPLY [6 votes]: Consider the set of matrices 
$$
\begin{pmatrix}
-1&0&0\\
0&2-a&b\\
0&b&2+a
\end{pmatrix}
$$
For $a=0$ and $b$ small and positive, the singular vectors are $(1,0,0)$, $(0,1,1)/\sqrt 2$, $(0,1,-1)/\sqrt 2$. 
For $a>0$ small and $b=0$, the singular vectors are the coordinate directions. 
Hence the singular vectors fail to even be continuous in a neighbourhood of diag(-1,2,2).