TITLE: Widely accepted mathematical results that were later shown to be wrong?
QUESTION [340 upvotes]: Are there any examples in the history of mathematics of a mathematical proof that was initially reviewed and widely accepted as valid, only to be disproved a significant amount of time later, possibly even after being used in proofs of other results?
(I realise it's a bit vague, but if there is significant doubt in the mathematical community then the alleged proof probably doesn't qualify. What I'm interested in is whether the human race as a whole is known to have ever made serious mathematical blunders.)

REPLY [3 votes]: R. V. Gurjar and M. Miyanishi [Affine surfaces with $\bar {\kappa}\leq 1$, Algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, in Honor of Masayoshi Nagata, Vol. I, 99-124 (1988) ZBL0707.14015] gave a classification of smooth affine surfaces of logarithmic Kodaira dimension zero, whose coordinate ring is factorial and has trivial units. G. Freudenburg et al. [``Smooth factorial affine surfaces of logarithmic Kodaira dimension zero with trivial units'', https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.03494] identified a gap in this classification, which was closed in Tomasz Pełka and Paweł Raźny, Classification of smooth factorial affine surfaces of Kodaira dimension zero with trivial units,  ZBL07383176 who classified an additional infinite series of such surfaces.