pubMedId stringlengths 2 1.61k | title stringlengths 1 2k ⌀ | abstract stringlengths 1 10.1k ⌀ |
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5907583 | Teaching of fertility regulation in medical schools: a survey in the United States and Canada, 1964. | Fertility regulation is taught didactically in 82 of 94 medical school departments of obstetrics and gynecology in the United States and Canada, but students are given clinical experience in only 59 medical schools, according to a survey conducted in 1964 by mittee of the American Public Health Association. Legal prohi... |
5907584 | Canadian medical student interest in general practice and the specialties. | The interest of 1900 Canadian medical students in the various fields of medical practice was measured by a questionnaire. The students were asked to rank the various fields in order of their interest in them. It was found that general practice, internal medicine and surgery were the fields which consistently captured m... |
5907585 | The status of medical education: a medical student's viewpoint. | ANY EDUCATIONAL PROCESS INVOLVES FOUR DISTINCT STAGES: the selection of goals, the selection of learning experiences, the organization of these experiences and the evaluation of achievement. If the results of evaluation are unsatisfactory, then the goals were unrealistic, the learning experiences were inadequate, or th... |
5907820 | Fixed ratio and extinction performance of infants in the second year of life. | Five 14(1/2)- to 19(1/2)-month-old infants were trained to lever press for snacks on small fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Within four to nine sessions, responding under FR 10 was established for four subjects and FR 15 for the other. Each subject's last session revealed behavioral patterns similar to animal an... |
5907821 | Analysis of water and NaCl solution acceptance by schedule-induced polydipsia. | Animals were trained on a VI 1-min schedule for food pellets, and concurrent water intake was measured. The polydipsia induced was analyzed in terms of the frequency distribution of post-pellet licking burst sizes and the trend of polydipsia throughout the session. An ascending series of NaCl solutions was presented co... |
5907823 | Operant behavior and the galvanic skin potential under DRL schedule. | Motor and galvanic skin potential (GSP) activity were investigated during the conditioning, extinction, and reconditioning of motor responses under a differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule of reinforcement. Interresponse time (IRT) distributions for motor responses during conditioning and reconditioning ... |
5907824 | The post-reinforcement pause. | Measurements of the post-reinforcement pause and response rate were obtained from four birds on a range of fixed ratio schedules from 25 to 150. The results indicated a consistent increase in the length of the pause as the ratio was increased. Response rate tended to decrease, but these data were less consistent and so... |
5907828 | Two types of behavioral contrast in discrimination learning. | Two groups of pigeons received daily discrimination training at two values on a line-tilt continuum. S+ (VI 1) and S- (EXT) intervals alternated, and a 30-sec criterion of no responding to S- was required before S+ returned. Rates of responding to S+ showed two separate contrast effects: at an intermediate stage of tra... |
5907829 | A computer-oriented system for high-speed recording of operant behavior. | A method is described by which large quantities of data, generated at high and variable rates from a large number of test boxes, are recorded on a single eight-channel punched paper tape. The data, which include a record of the occurrence time of each event in 1/10-sec units, are in pact form, suitable for conversion t... |
5907831 | Probability of response and probability of reinforcement in a response-defined analogue of an interval schedule. | Variable interval (VI) responding was hypothesized to be a function of differential reinforcement susceptibilities of various unspecified behavior chains that mediate interresponse times (IRTs). To test this hypothesis, probabilities of reinforcement were regulated for the lengths of chains of key pecking responses of ... |
5907832 | Operant conditioning in the newly hatched chicken. | Techniques are described for conditioning key-pecking reinforced with food and for recording cheeping in newly hatched chickens. A mirror in the test box is essential when conditioning isolated chickens up to five or more days old. Conditioning proceeds more rapidly when frequently pecked objects and materials that mov... |
5907906 | Myoinositol kinase: partial purification and identification of product. | Myoinositol kinase found in plant, animal, and microbial extracts has been partially purified by densitygradient centrifugation. The product of the enzymic reaction has been tentatively identified by paper chromatography. as myoinositol-1-phosphate. |
5907907 | Calcite deposition during shell repair by the aragonitic gastropod Murex fulvescens. | Shell repair was induced by coating the inner surfaces of gastropod shells with nail polish. In aragonitic gastropods initial deposition on the nail-polish membrane was of aragonite spherulites and, in one species, polygonal calcite crystals; later the normal crossed-lamellar structure of the shell was restored. |
5907908 | Proteins and disulfide groups in the aggregation of dissociated cells of sea sponges. | A sponge extract that produced specific aggregation of dissociated cells was treated with various enzyme preparations to determine which enzymes would destroy its aggregating properties. The results indicate that proteins play a key role in the aggregating effect of the extract on dissociated, glutaraldehyde-fixed spon... |
5907909 | Spontaneous mutation rates at five coat-color loci in mice. | Examination of 1.5 million mice yielded natural mutation rates estimnated from 5.2 million gene reproductions at five specific coat-color loci. The average rates were 11.1 x 10(-6) for forward mutations and 2.7 x 10(-6) for reverse mutations. Differences between the frequencies of mutations at the individual loci were ... |
5907911 | Sorbitol pathway: presence in nerve and cord with substrate accumulation in diabetes. | Glucose, sorbitol, fructose, and inositol are present in peripheral nerve and spinal cord. Marked elevation of these substances occurs in these tissues in mildly diabetic animals. These alterations provide biochemical mechanisms which could be significant in the etiology of diabetic neuropathy. |
5907910 | Medium for selective isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans. | A medium has been developed that permits the selective recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans from heavily contaminated materials. It employs creatinine as a nitrogen source, diphenyl (C(6)H(5)C(6)H(5)) and chloramphenicol as mold and bacterial inhibitors, and Guizotia abyssinica seed extract as a specific color marker. T... |
5907912 | Plasma membranes: phospholipid and sterol content. | The molar ratios of sterol to phospholipid in plasma membranes of five different types of rat cells range from 0.24 to 1.32. position of the plasma membrane of a cell has no fixed relation to that of the mitochondria. Thus the structure of cellular membranes shows both tissue and functional specificity. |
5907913 | Fatty change of the granular pneumocyte. | Fat vacuoles develop in the granular pneumocytes of guinea pigs exposed to severe hypoxia in low-pressure chambers. The ostiniophilic lamellar bodies are apparently reduced in size and decreased in number. The fatty change of the granular pneumocyte may represent a metabolic alteration and interfere with the production... |
5907914 | DNA content of a chromosome of Trillium erectum: effect of cold treatment. | The DNA (Feulgen) contents of a specific cold-treated (3 degrees C) chromosome and of a control (25 degrees C) were measured by means of photographic-plate microdensitometry. Despite marked morphological alterations in the cold-treated B chromosome of Trillium erectum, its DNA content was unchanged from that of the con... |
5907915 | Control of pain motivation by cognitive dissonance. | Responses by humans to painful electric shocks are significantly modified at subjective, behavioral, and physiological levels by verbal manipulations of degree of choice and justification for further exposure to the aversive stimuli. Pain perception, learning, and galvanic skin resistance are altered under these condit... |
5907943 | Pituitary ablation for diabetic retinopathy. | Pituitary ablation was performed on 26 patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy by pituitary stalk section (nine patients) or transphenoidal hypophysectomy (17 patients). After a latent period varying from six to 12 months, retinal hemorrhages disappeared, vitreous hemorrhages stopped and new vessels regressed. Eigh... |
5907944 | Nutritional anemia and megaloblastosis in pregnancy. | Macrogranulocytic and/or erythroid megaloblastic bone marrow changes which could not be accurately predicted from the hematologic findings in the blood were present in 25% of 305 mildly to moderately anemic pregnant women attending a public antepartum clinic in Montreal. Iron deficiency was the primary cause of anemia ... |
5907946 | Mail-order chromosome analysis. | A simple but reliable technique has been developed for the mailing of plasma to chromosome laboratories for cytogenetic analysis. Cultures have been grown successfully from plasma which has been as long as four days in transit. Plasma is removed after heparinized whole blood has been left standing at room temperature f... |
5907947 | A psychiatric home care program: a report based on three years' experience (1962-1964). | The activities covering a three-year period of a psychiatric home care treatment program attached to a psychiatric unit of a general hospital are described. A detailed account of its operation and the roles played by each member of the team is given. This service frequently provides a substitute for hospitalization in ... |
5907945 | A service for human chromosome studies in Saskatchewan. | A service has been developed in Saskatchewan to make available the results of studies of human chromosomes, the material being forwarded to the laboratory by local transport facilities. During the first year of this project chromosome studies were requested for five doubtful cases of trisomy-21 (two were found to be no... |
5908073 | Mitochondrial DNA in yeast and some mammalian species. | Yeast DNA, in a cesium chloride density gradient, shows a minor or satellite band with a density lower than that of the main ponent. The DNA isolated from purified mitochondria of yeasts corresponds in density to this satellite band. In solution, this DNA more easily undergoes renaturation pared to DNA from cell nuclei... |
5908074 | Synchronization of mammalian cells with tritiated thymidine. | Short exposures of mammalian cells to tritiated thymidine of high specific activity destroys the proliferative capacity of mammalian cells. Since the killing is limited to cells that have synthesized DNA in the presence of the pound, an exposure duration of less than one generation can yield a synchronized population. |
5908075 | Thermoregulation in a brooding female Indian python, Python molurus bivittatus. | At varying environmental temperatures, measurements of body temperatures and gas exchange of a female Indian python (Python molurus bivittatus) show that during the brooding period this animal can regulate its body temperature by physiological means analogous to those in endotherms. Ambient temperatures below 33 degree... |
5908076 | Magnesium pemoline: enhancement of learning and memory of a conditioned avoidance response. | Magnesium pemoline, a mild stimulant of the central nervous system, enhances the acquisition and retention of a conditioned avoidance response in rats. Methamphetamine and methylphenidate do not have this effect. |
5908077 | Acquisition of imitative speech by schizophrenic children. | Two mute schizophrenic children were taught imitative speech within an operant conditioning framework. The training procedure consisted of a series of increasingly fine verbal discriminations; the children were rewarded for closer and closer reproductions of the attending adults' speech. We found that reward delivered ... |
5908078 | Unconditioned response to electric shock: mechanism in planarians. | Some implications of a mathematical theory relating neuronal geometry to the parameters of excitation in unconditioned response of planarians to electric shock are experimentally verified. The regions and patterns of primary neural excitation depend on the relation between the distribution of neural sizes and the wave ... |
5908423 | Medical education. I. Medical students in Canadian universities: report of statistics, 1965-66. | Enrolment in the 12 Canadian medical schools in 1965-66 reached a new high of 4023, an increase of 3.8% over 1964-65. The percentage of women among medical students (11.4%) was close to that for the preceding two years. The decline in the numbers of students from outside Canada continued into the present year; in 1965-... |
5908424 | Canadian applicants to medical schools in Canada for 1965-66. | An examination of applicants to Canadian medical schools for 1965-66 revealed that 4660 applications were received by the 12 schools for approximately 900 places available; 2852 of these were from Canadians, but because many applicants applied to more than one school, these 2852 applications represented only 1767 indiv... |
5908631 | Light induced concentration changes of adenosine-triphosphate in phycomyces sporangiophores. | The concentrations of extractable adenosine triphosphate (ATP) following the induction of positive light-growth responses in yces sporangiophores by blue light stimuli have been measured by means of the luciferin-luciferase assay. The ATP concentration in the light-sensitive growing zone increases 30 to 50% within 30 s... |
5908632 | Site of fluoride accumulation in navel orange leaves. | Fluoride-polluted navel orange leaves, Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck, were fractionated into the ponents in hexane/carbon tetrachloride mixtures having various densities. Fluoride was determined at each fraction. Analyses were also made for the subcellular distribution of chlorophyll, nitrogen, and DNA to assess the e... |
5908633 | On the ability of Taphrina deformans to produce indoleacetic acid from tryptophan by way of tryptamine. | The metabolism of tryptophan by Taphrina deformans has been studied to confirm the reported ability of this organism to produce tryptamine. Such amine production was not observed, despite use of amine oxidase inhibitors at levels which should have resulted in the accumulation of tryptamine in the medium. It has been sh... |
5908634 | Choline kinase and phosphorylcholine phosphatase in plants. | Choline kinase was present in barley and wheat roots and leaves of barley, wheat, tobacco, spinach and squash plants. The kinase was purified 25-fold from spinach leaves. The enzyme had a broad pH optimum between 7.5 and 10.0. Mg(++) was required for activity and in the presence of Mg(++) the enzyme was relatively stab... |
5908635 | Effect of Cycocel derivatives and gibberellin on choline kinase and choline metabolism. | Cycocel stimulated the activity of partial purified choline kinase from spinach or squash leaves, but it inhibited the activity of yeast choline kinase. The activity of different Cycocel analogs on plant growth corresponded to their stimulatory effect on the isolated choline kinase. Cycocel had no effect upon the activ... |
5908720 | A census of residents in Canadian hospitals approved for training by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, April 1965. | A census taken in April 1965 revealed that there were 3162 residents training in Canadian hospitals approved by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Thirty-one of the 151 approved hospitals had no residents in training, and another 43 hospitals each having 20 or more residents accounted for 85% of al... |
5908721 | Observations on a medical teacher training program. | An increasing interest in educational science as applied to medical education is apparent in the past decade. Recently, a six-week teacher training program was held at the Center for the Study of Medical Education at the University of Illinois. Fifteen medical faculty members, including five Canadians, participated. Du... |
5908722 | The teaching of psychiatry as applied to pediatrics: proposals based on a report prepared by the education committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. | With changing patterns of pediatric practice, the practising physician needs to acquire a deeper understanding of the emotional and intellectual development of the child. Skill is also required in the techniques of interviewing and counselling parents, and, with a knowledge of the origin of behavioural disorders, in tr... |
5908723 | Northern venture. | During the past year the Department of Pediatrics at Queen's University has supplied a pediatric consulting service to the James Bay Zone of the Indian and Northern Health Services. Five pediatricians and three pediatric residents have visited the area for periods of two weeks. The organization of the program, the educ... |
5908724 | Medical education and research: the foundations of quality health care. | In May 1964 the Royal Commission on Health Services declared that "health research is essential to health progress". However, since that time the means of providing adequate health care have received far less attention than have methods of payment for physicians' services. Because medical education and research is the ... |
5908725 | The resident's view of residency training in Canada. | In the view of residents in their last year of specialty training, the Fellowship is now ing the operative standard for obtaining hospital privileges in urban centres and they felt that this implied that the two standards, the Certificate and the Fellowship of the Royal College, were not achieving the purpose for which... |
5908727 | The physician of the future. | The good physician of the future will need to master not only the basic and traditional medical skills but many new concepts and techniques as well. He will need to be, as always, passionate and intelligent man. If he is to retain his status as a healer in the eyes of his patients, he will have to be fully aware of wha... |
5908960 | Pesticide residues in total-diet samples. | Small amounts of pesticide residues were found in food samples from 18 markets consisting of 82 foods collected from three different geographical areas. The samples were separated into twelve similar classes of foods, made ready to eat, and analyzed by methods capable of detecting small quantities of mon pesticide chem... |
5908961 | Food imprinting in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. | Three groups of hatchling snapping turtles, totaling 20, were fed either meat, fish, or worms. When they were tested for preference after 12 daily feedings, each preferred the diet to which it was accustomed. After 12 more days of eating a different food, each still preferred its original diet. A form of imprinting may... |
5908963 | Thymine addition to ethanol: induction by gamma irradiation. | When thymine in dilute, deaerated, aqueous solution was irradiated with gamma-rays in the presence of ethanol, a high yield of products containing both the thymine and ethanol moieties was obtained. These were shown to be isomers formed by the attack of CH(3)CHOH radicals at the carbon No. 6 position of thymine. A simi... |
5908964 | New symbols for the amino acid residues of peptides and proteins. | A system of symbols for the amino acid residues of proteins and peptides is proposed. The symbols convey immediate meaning in chemical terms and therefore allow rapid recognition of the distribution and frequency of occurrence of the various functional groups. The system is readily adaptable to description of new amino... |
5908965 | Bradykinin: effect on ureteral peristalsis. | Bradykinin, a known smooth-muscle stimulant, affects ureteral perlstalsis in the dog; the changes were judged by cinefluorography, peristaltic pressures, and ureteral perfusions. No effect on urine flow was detected. Experiments with rats also demonstrated the effect of the drug on the ureter. |
5908966 | Cyclopentanoid terpene biosynthesis in a phasmid insect and in catmint. | The stick insect, Anisomorpha buprestoides, and the catmint, Nepeta cataria, produce closely related cyclopentanoid terpenes, anisomorphal and nepetalactone. Tracer experiments with isotopes indicate that anisomorphal is synthesized by the walking stick from normal terpene precursors (acetate or mevalonate). In the cat... |
5908967 | Chediak-Higashi syndrome: hereditary gigantism of cytoplasmic organelles. | In the Chediak-Higashi syndrome, an anomalous hypopigmentation is associated with large lysosomal granules in the blood leukocytes. Since the inheritance pattern is that of an autosomal recessive trait, we postulated mon mechanism for these two primary features of the disease. Electron microscopy of melanocytes reveale... |
5908968 | Endoplasmic reticulum in rat renal interstitial cells: molecular rearrangement after water deprivation. | Cylindrical bodies in renal interstitial cells of dehydrated rats are confluent with membranes of endoplasmic reticulum. The cylinder posed of helically arranged pentagonal tubules, may represent a molecular rearrangement of the membrane structure. The cylinders may represent a morphologic expression of altered ergasto... |
5908969 | Inositol deficiency resulting in death: an explanation of its occurrence in Neurospora crassa. | The incorporation of radio-active inositol and choline into the cytoplasmzic membranes of inositol-and choline-auxotrophic mnutants of Neuros-pora crassa revealed that the membrane of particles which contain proteases is relatively poor in lecithin and rich in inositol-phospholipid. In mycelia of the mutant requiring i... |
5908970 | Properties of bursicon: an insect protein hormone that controls cuticular tanning. | On gel filtration the retention volume of bursicon indicates a molecular weight of about 40,000. On disc electrophoresis bursicon migrates toward the anode and appears at an R(F) (relative to the marker dye) of 0.3 to 0.4. The properties of fractions with bursicon activity in blood, brain, and ganglion of a fly (Sarcop... |
5909245 | Office treatment of lower extremity injuries. A view of feasibility, limitations and hazards. | The injuries to the lower extremities seen in a surgical office may be classified as contusions, lacerations, sprains, lesions of tendons and their sheaths, involvement of bursae, chronic muscle fatigue, infections and deformities of the nails, leg ulcers, and fractures of the ankle, foot and toes. The treatment of the... |
5909246 | Prevention of mental disorder. The role of the general practitioner. | As prevention in psychiatry really refers to early detection and consequent prevention plications and chronicity, the general practitioner is the most important person in the munity in preventing mental disorders. As more postgraduate courses in psychiatry e available to practicing family physicians, the majority of pa... |
5909247 | Acromegaly. The effects of various steroid hormones on the insulin-induced growth hormone response. | The availability of a sensitive assay for human growth hormone has made it possible to directly measure the effects of various agents purported to alter growth patterns. Acromegalic patients present a special problem both in early diagnosis and in therapy. Being able to measure growth hormone in these patients provides... |
5909248 | Aftercare of state hospital patients. The role of the general practitioner. | Of all the problems facing patients released from a state hospital, the most serious one is adjustment. Failure here means a return to the hospital. The present aftercare program of the Department of Mental Hygiene does not and is not intended to meet all of the patient's needs. It must rely upon other agencies to assi... |
5909249 | The troubled adolescent patient. How the general practitioner may be helpful. | The disturbed adolescent is psychologically isolated from the worlds of childhood and adulthood. His sense of alienation results from both the upsurge of instinctual drives and his uneasy attempts to master changing physical attributes and new freedoms and responsibilities. The former result in conformity and in concer... |
5909250 | Pigmented nevi. Induced changes in the junctional component. | The pigmented nevus represents a potentially more dynamic lesion than has been indicated by most published studies. New nevus cell clusters frequently appear in the epidermis over the residual portion of a nevus that remains after partial surgical excision. Even in relatively inactive nevi in adults, new junctional nev... |
5909251 | Radiographic diagnosis of intestinal perforation in early infancy. | Records of 25 patients with intestinal perforation in early infancy who were treated at the Los Angeles County General Hospital in a period of 15 years were reviewed. Sixteen had roentgen evidence of pneumoperitoneum, and nine did not. The mortality rate was 94 per cent in the group with pneumoperitoneum, 78 per cent i... |
5909252 | Lung cancer. Improved cytologic detection by inducing production of sputum. | The principle of producing bronchial lavage by deposition of large amounts of heated aerosol has resulted in a significantly greater yield of positive cytologic diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma than with repeated "volunteer" specimens of sputum. Positive pressure plus bronchodilators augments greater sputum volume. ... |
5909253 | The long-term effectiveness of methyldopa in hypertension. | A trial of methyldopa in hypertension was conducted in 60 patients for a mean time of 9.4 months. Initially, four different dosages of methyldopa were studied and blood pressure was significantly lowered in the supine and standing positions. Standing blood pressure was significantly reduced more than supine. An average... |
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