sense_id stringlengths 9 30 | lexeme_id stringlengths 2 15 | headword stringlengths 2 15 | pos stringclasses 9
values | sense_index int32 0 3 | domain stringclasses 160
values | tier stringclasses 3
values | reading_level stringclasses 5
values | register stringclasses 5
values | text stringlengths 11 211 | span_start int32 0 194 ⌀ | span_end int32 1 203 ⌀ | readability_grade float64 -2.81 32.7 ⌀ | source stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
abattoir:noun:0 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 0 | business.manufacturing | tier2 | neutral | formal | The abattoir suspended operations after inspectors identified failures in its sanitation procedures. | 4 | 12 | 16.62 | per_sense |
abattoir:noun:0 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 0 | business.manufacturing | tier2 | neutral | technical | Veterinarians conduct ante-mortem inspections before animals enter an abattoir for slaughter and carcass dressing. | 70 | 78 | 13.86 | renditions |
abattoir:noun:0 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 0 | business.manufacturing | tier2 | neutral | slang | That old abattoir is where the butcher's crew gets its cuts. | 9 | 17 | 1.57 | per_sense |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | neutral | plain | In American English the term is slaughterhouse. | 0 | 10 | null | renditions |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | neutral | plain | British documents prefer abattoir for meat processing facilities. | 25 | 33 | null | renditions |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | The farmer took the cows to the abattoir. | 32 | 40 | 0.8 | renditions |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | The cattle were taken to an abattoir after leaving the farm. | 28 | 36 | 4.79 | renditions |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | The delivery truck brought the pigs to a nearby abattoir for processing. | 48 | 56 | 6.79 | renditions |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | college | plain | The inspection team visited the abattoir to assess its hygiene and animal-handling procedures. | 32 | 40 | 10.94 | renditions |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | A British child may hear abattoir, while an American child hears slaughterhouse. | 25 | 33 | 7.77 | per_sense |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | News reports in Australia often use abattoir where American reports would say slaughterhouse. | 36 | 44 | 10.36 | per_sense |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | neutral | informal | If you say abattoir in the United States, people will usually say slaughterhouse instead. | 11 | 19 | 8.41 | per_sense |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | neutral | formal | The term abattoir is principally associated with British Commonwealth varieties of English. | 9 | 17 | 11.71 | per_sense |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | neutral | technical | In regional lexical distribution, abattoir contrasts with the predominantly American equivalent slaughterhouse. | 34 | 42 | 20.56 | per_sense |
abattoir:noun:1 | abattoir | abattoir | noun | 1 | language.vocabulary | tier2 | neutral | slang | Over here we call it an abattoir; Americans call the same place a slaughterhouse. | 24 | 32 | 6.73 | per_sense |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | During prayer, Miriam whispered “Abba” as she placed her worries in God’s care. | 33 | 37 | 4 | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | The monk addressed the elder of the community as abba, acknowledging his role as spiritual father. | 49 | 53 | null | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | People who love God call him Abba. It means Father. | 29 | 33 | 0.52 | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | Sarah prayed to God as Abba, trusting him like a child trusts a loving father. | 23 | 27 | 5.21 | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | Calling God Abba expresses a personal trust that resembles a child’s confidence in a loving parent. | 12 | 16 | 10.56 | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | college | plain | The word Abba conveys both reverence and the intimate trust of a child addressing a beloved father. | 9 | 13 | 9.09 | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | The desert abba was renowned for his wisdom and simplicity of life. | 11 | 15 | null | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | Pilgrims sought counsel from the abba, who received them in a small cell outside the monastery walls. | 33 | 37 | null | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | The form abba is frequently cited in discussions of Aramaic influence on early Christian texts. | 9 | 13 | null | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | Comparative evidence suggests that abba functioned as both an intimate and respectful form of address. | 35 | 39 | null | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | The child prayed, Abba, before bed. | 18 | 22 | 0.52 | per_sense |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | During prayer, Maria called God Abba and felt safe. | 32 | 36 | 2.34 | per_sense |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | Daniel whispered Abba before his difficult exam, asking God to give him courage. | 17 | 21 | 8.54 | renditions |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | college | plain | Paul’s letter uses Abba to convey a believer’s intimate trust in God. | 19 | 23 | 7.77 | per_sense |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | informal | When I’m scared, I just say Abba and keep praying. | 28 | 32 | 0.11 | per_sense |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | formal | The worshipper addressed God as Abba during the evening prayer. | 32 | 36 | 7.19 | per_sense |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | technical | Within early Christian discourse, Abba functions as a filial address for God. | 34 | 38 | 7.77 | per_sense |
abba:noun:0 | abba | abba | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | slang | I was stressed, so I muttered Abba and let God handle it. | 30 | 34 | 2.86 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | neutral | plain | An Abbasid held the caliphate in Baghdad during the ninth century. | 3 | 10 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | neutral | plain | Abbasid nobles cultivated alliances with Persian elites to secure power. | 0 | 7 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | An Abbasid ruler lived in a grand palace. | 3 | 10 | 2.28 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | An Abbasid ruler built a library for his city. | 3 | 10 | 4.96 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | An Abbasid ruler invited poets and scholars to his royal court. | 3 | 10 | 4.79 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | college | plain | An Abbasid caliph commissioned astronomers to develop more accurate tables for tracking celestial movements. | 3 | 10 | 15.16 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | An Abbasid prince rode through Baghdad. | 3 | 10 | 0.52 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | The young Abbasid ruled Baghdad after his father died. | 10 | 17 | 3.65 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | college | plain | A senior Abbasid negotiated with provincial governors on behalf of the caliph. | 9 | 16 | 10.72 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | neutral | informal | That Abbasid had serious power in Baghdad, back when the dynasty ruled. | 5 | 12 | 5.81 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | neutral | formal | The Abbasid represented the ruling dynasty at the diplomatic reception. | 4 | 11 | 13.09 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:0 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 0 | history.historical_figures | tier2 | neutral | slang | That Abbasid was the big boss in Baghdad for a while. | 5 | 12 | 2.65 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | plain | The Abbasid Caliphate sponsored a translation movement in Baghdad. | 4 | 11 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | plain | Trade networks connected the Abbasid realm with distant regions. | 29 | 36 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | An Abbasid trader carried paper to new towns. | 3 | 10 | 2.28 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | An Abbasid merchant carried paper west, helping more people write. | 3 | 10 | 4.83 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | An Abbasid merchant helped spread paper westward, making books easier to produce. | 3 | 10 | 6.79 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | college | plain | An Abbasid-era merchant helped carry Chinese papermaking techniques westward, supporting the caliphate’s expanding book culture. | 3 | 14 | 14.25 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | The Abbasid stretched across many lands. | 4 | 11 | 2.48 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | At its height, the Abbasid reached from Egypt to Central Asia. | 19 | 26 | 3.72 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | Trade and learning flourished across the Abbasid while Baghdad served as its capital. | 41 | 48 | 7.63 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | college | plain | The Abbasid connected commercial routes linking North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. | 4 | 11 | 10.1 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | informal | The Abbasid was huge, with Baghdad right at its heart. | 4 | 11 | 1.29 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | formal | The Abbasid controlled extensive territories from its capital in Baghdad. | 4 | 11 | 9.55 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:1 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 1 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | technical | The Abbasid integrated diverse provinces through caliphal authority and long-distance commercial networks. | 4 | 11 | 14.9 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | neutral | plain | The Abbasid administration developed a diwān system for revenue. | 4 | 11 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | neutral | plain | A centralized Abbasid governance relied on officials across provinces. | 14 | 21 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | Abbasid rulers made a new way to collect taxes. | 0 | 7 | 3.65 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | Under Abbasid rule, town leaders used a new way to gather tax money. | 6 | 13 | 5.82 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | The Abbasid government created an organized revenue system to collect taxes throughout its territories. | 4 | 11 | 11.78 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | college | plain | The Abbasid administration established a diwān system to organize revenue collection across the empire. | 4 | 11 | 13.47 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | The Abbasid used offices to collect taxes from each province. | 4 | 11 | 6.01 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | college | plain | The Abbasid coordinated provincial appointments and revenue collection through its diwān offices. | 4 | 11 | 12.69 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | neutral | informal | The Abbasid ran things through tax offices and handpicked provincial governors. | 4 | 11 | 8.01 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | neutral | formal | The Abbasid established procedures for fiscal reporting and provincial administration. | 4 | 11 | 15.45 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | neutral | technical | The Abbasid institutionalised diwān-based fiscal extraction and centrally controlled provincial appointments. | 4 | 11 | 15.64 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:2 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 2 | law_government.government_structure | tier2 | neutral | slang | The Abbasid had a whole tax-office setup to keep the provinces in line. | 4 | 11 | 5.88 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | plain | Abbasid studies reveal urban networks and scientific translation. | 0 | 7 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | plain | Abbasid historiography analyzes archival sources from Baghdad. | 0 | 7 | null | renditions |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | An Abbasid ruler lived in a grand city. | 3 | 10 | 2.28 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | An Abbasid ruler built a busy market near the river. | 3 | 10 | 4.83 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | Abbasid architecture blended Persian design with Islamic traditions across the caliphate’s major cities. | 0 | 7 | 13.99 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | college | plain | The collection includes an Abbasid manuscript preserved in a provincial archive. | 27 | 34 | 10.15 | renditions |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | Abbasid studies tell us about old Baghdad. | 0 | 7 | 2.31 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | Abbasid studies help historians learn how people lived long ago. | 0 | 7 | 4.83 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | Abbasid studies examine how cities, courts, and trade changed across the medieval Islamic world. | 0 | 7 | 7.57 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | college | plain | Abbasid studies increasingly connect political history with urban life and manuscript culture. | 0 | 7 | 13.67 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | informal | Abbasid studies can really change how you see medieval Baghdad. | 0 | 7 | 4.83 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | formal | Abbasid studies have revised established accounts of governance and intellectual exchange. | 0 | 7 | 11.23 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | technical | Abbasid studies analyse historiographical debates concerning caliphal legitimacy, urbanism, and translation networks. | 0 | 7 | 21.54 | per_sense |
abbasid:noun:3 | abbasid | abbasid | noun | 3 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | slang | Abbasid studies dig deep into how that whole medieval scene worked. | 0 | 7 | 4.79 | per_sense |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | plain | The library preserves an Abbasid manuscript written in elegant Arabic script. | 25 | 32 | 11.23 | renditions |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | plain | An Abbasid governor improved the city’s roads and marketplaces. | 3 | 10 | 8.9 | renditions |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | An Abbasid king built a grand palace. | 3 | 10 | 0.63 | renditions |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | An Abbasid ruler built a grand palace in Baghdad. | 3 | 10 | 3.65 | renditions |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | An Abbasid ruler ordered a new palace near the river. | 3 | 10 | 4.83 | renditions |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | college | plain | An Abbasid caliph commissioned a hospital that served travelers and the city’s poor. | 3 | 10 | 8.54 | renditions |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_5 | plain | The guide showed us an Abbasid bowl from old Baghdad. | 23 | 30 | 1.29 | per_sense |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | grade_10 | plain | An Abbasid manuscript preserves medical knowledge copied by scholars in Baghdad. | 3 | 10 | 9.08 | per_sense |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | college | plain | The excavation uncovered Abbasid ceramics near a former market outside Baghdad. | 25 | 32 | 12.3 | per_sense |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | informal | I love the Abbasid tilework in that museum gallery. | 11 | 18 | 6.28 | per_sense |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | formal | The collection includes Abbasid coins, ceramics, and architectural fragments. | 24 | 31 | 12.83 | per_sense |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | technical | The excavated Abbasid ceramic assemblage indicates specialised production and regional distribution. | 14 | 21 | 19.81 | per_sense |
abbasid:adjective:0 | abbasid | abbasid | adjective | 0 | history.medieval_history | tier2 | neutral | slang | Those Abbasid coins are seriously cool, with beautiful Arabic lettering. | 6 | 13 | 9.55 | per_sense |
abbess:noun:0 | abbess | abbess | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | The abbess presided over the convent's liturgical life. | 4 | 10 | null | renditions |
abbess:noun:0 | abbess | abbess | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | neutral | plain | As abbess she governed the abbey's charitable and educational activities. | 3 | 9 | null | renditions |
abbess:noun:0 | abbess | abbess | noun | 0 | humanities.religion | tier2 | grade_1 | plain | The abbess led the sisters in their church prayers. | 4 | 10 | 1.03 | renditions |
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