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+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00000", "text": "for promoting and tracking the use of open textbooks in postsecondary courses offered by the eligible entity, including an estimate of the projected savings that will be achieved for students; (B) a plan for evaluating, before creating new open educational resources, whether existing open educational resources used or adapted for the same purpose; (C) a plan for quality review and review of accuracy of any open educational resources to be created or adapted through the grant; (D) a plan for disseminating information about the results of the project to institutions of higher education outside of the eligible entity, including promoting the adoption of any open textbooks created or adapted through the grant; and (E) a statement on consultation with relevant faculty, including those engaged in the creation of open educational resources, in the development of the application. (d) Special Consideration.--In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to applications that demonstrate the greatest potential to-- (1) achieve the highest level of savings for students through sustainable expanded use of open textbooks in postsecondary courses offered by the eligible entity; (2) expand the use of open textbooks at institutions of higher education outside of the eligible entity; and (3) produce-- (A) the highest quality open textbooks; (B) open textbooks that can be most easily utilized and adapted by faculty members at institutions of higher education; (C) open textbooks that correspond to the highest enrollment courses at institutions of higher education; and (D) open textbooks created or adapted in partnership with entities, including campus bookstores, that will assist in marketing and distribution of the open textbook. (e) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall use the grant funds to carry out any of the following activities to expand the use of open textbooks: (1) Professional development for faculty and staff members at institutions of higher education, including the search for and review of open textbooks. (2) Creation or adaptation of open educational resources, especially open textbooks. (3) Development or improvement of tools and informational resources that support the use of open textbooks. (4) Research evaluating the efficacy of the use of open textbooks for achieving savings for students. (5) Partnerships with other entities, including other institutions of higher education, for-profit organizations, or nonprofit organizations, to carry out any of the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (4). (f) License.--Educational resources created or adapted under subsection (e) shall be", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00970", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00001", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Latest on Ronny Jackson, President Donald Trump's pick to be secretary of Veterans Affairs (all times local): 9:20 a.m. The White House is standing behind Ronny Jackson, President Donald Trump's choice to be Veterans Affairs secretary amid growing questions about his qualifications. Spokesman Hogan Gidley is praising Jackson, who is Trump's White House doctor and a Navy rear admiral, for serving as a physician to three U.S. presidents, both Republican and Democrat. He says Jackson has a record of \"strong decisive leadership\" and is \"exactly what's needed at the VA.\" Senators have been discussing plans to delay Jackson's confirmation hearing, saying more time may be needed to review whether Jackson can manage a massive agency of 360,000 employees serving 9 million veterans. The hearing is scheduled for Wednesday. ___ 1:46 a.m. Senators are discussing plans to delay the confirmation hearing for President Donald Trump's pick to be Veteran Affairs secretary over growing questions about the nominee's ability to manage the government's second-largest department. The hearing for Ronny Jackson, Trump's White House doctor, is scheduled for Wednesday. Democratic Sen. Richard Blumenthal says some Republicans have told him that they think the hearing should be postponed, which he says deserves consideration. Blumenthal says he thinks there may well be a need for more time, in fairness to Jackson, so that he and the administration have an opportunity to answer these questions fully and fairly. Blumenthal declined to discuss why more time be needed. White House and VA officials are also discussing a delay with key allies outside the administration.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00813", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00002", "text": "Writing bug-free software is practically impossible, due to the impracticality of predicting every way in which code be executed. But even if developers go above and beyond to avoid flaws that can be exploited by hackers, attackers can often still take advantage of vulnerabilities in the design of the underlying programming language. At the recent Black Hat Europe conference, IOActive security services revealed it had identified flaws in five major, interpreted programming languages that used by hackers in crafting an attack. \"With regards to the interpreted programming languages vulnerabilities, software developers may unknowingly include code in an application that can be used in a way that the designer did not foresee,\" it writes. SEE: Hiring kit: Python developer (Tech Pro Research) \"Some of these behaviors pose a security risk to applications that were securely developed according to guidelines.\" These are the five programming languages and the flaws that were identified: 1. Python Currently enjoying a surge in usage, Python is regularly used by web and desktop developers, sysadmin/devops, and more recently by data scientists and machine-learning engineers. The IOActive paper found that Python contains undocumented methods and local environment variables that can be used to execute operating-system commands. Both Python's mimetools and pydoc libraries have undocumented methods that can be exploited in this way, which IOActive used to run Linux's id command. 2. Perl Popular for web server scripting, sysadmin jobs, network programming and automating various tasks, Perl has been in use since the late 1980s. IOActive highlights the fact that Perl contains a function that will attempt to execute one of the arguments passed to it as Perl code. It describes the practice as a \"hidden feature\" within a default Perl function for handling typemaps. 3. NodeJS NodeJS provides a server-side environment for executing JavaScript, the language commonly used for scripting in web browsers. IOActive found that NodeJS' built-in error messages for its require function exploited to determine whether a file name existed on the machine and to leak the first line of files on a system—potentially useful information for an attacker. 4. JRuby The Java implementation of the Ruby programming language was found to allow remote code execution in a way that isn't possible in Ruby as a base language. By calling executable Ruby code using a specific function in JRuby, IOActive was able to get the function to execute an operating system command, the Linux command id, by loading a file on a remote server", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00524", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00003", "text": "also found that ``The most striking evidence of a pharmacist shortage stems from demonstrably increased vacancy rates, difficulties in hiring, and unprecedented increases in the volume and range of activities demanded of today's pharmacist.'' (7) The study found that ``The factors causing the current shortage are of a nature not to abate in the near future without fundamental changes in pharmacy practice and education.'' The study projects that the number of prescriptions filled by community pharmacists will increase by 20 percent by 2004. In contrast, the number of community pharmacists is expected to increase by only 6 percent by 2005. (8) Regarding access to pharmacy services in rural areas, the study found that ``Remoteness, isolation from other professionals, lower economic returns, reduced opportunities for advancement, and other rural practice characteristics remain obstacles'' to attracting pharmacists. (9) In June 2002, the American Hospital Association's Commission on Workforce for Hospitals and Health Systems released a report entitled ``In Our Hands: How Hospital Leaders Can Build A Thriving Workforce''. The report included a finding that 46 percent of our Nation's hospitals are experiencing a shortage of pharmacists, with hospitals averaging a vacancy rate for pharmacists of 12.7 percent. (10) The demand for pharmacists will increase as prescription drug use continues to grow. SEC. 3. HEALTH PROFESSIONS PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE PRACTICE OF PHARMACY. Part E of title VII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 294n et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``Subpart 3--Pharmacy Workforce Development ``SEC. 781. LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM FOR PHARMACISTS SERVING IN CRITICAL SHORTAGE FACILITIES. ``(a) In General.--In the case of any individual-- ``(1) who has received a baccalaureate degree in pharmacy or a Doctor of Pharmacy degree from an accredited program; ``(2) who obtained an educational loan for pharmacy education costs; and ``(3) who is licensed without restrictions in the State in which the designated health care facility is located; the Secretary may enter into an agreement with such individual who agrees to serve as a full-time pharmacist for a period of not less than 2 years at a designated health care facility, to make payments in accordance with subsection (b), for and on behalf of that individual, on the principal of and interest on", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00926", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00004", "text": "not accept money from PhRMA between 2013 to 2015, the Kaiser Health News analysis found. Concerns About Safety And Price Last week, the partnership hosted a panel at the National Press Club featuring former FBI director Louis Freeh and former FDA commissioner Dr. Andrew von Eschenbach. The discussion focused on the alleged health and legal dangers of online pharmacies. \"You can talk about lowering prices, but if a drug comes with a high probability of toxicity and death, that comes at a high cost to the patient,\" von Eschenbach said. \"That's what's at issue with drug importation.\" Each speaker argued that the bill co-sponsored by Sanders would be harmful to patients. Around the same time that bill was introduced, the partnership also sent emails to member organizations seeking help to stop such a measure. Speakers at the partnership event claimed importation would lead to a flood of counterfeit medicines laced with arsenic, fentanyl and lead paint. \"These drugs are manufactured in jungles, in tin drums, in basements.... Those are the sort of sanitary conditions we're talking about here,\" said George Karavetsos, a former director of the FDA's Office of Criminal Investigations. Both von Eschenbach and Karavetsos have ties to the pharmaceutical industry. Von Eschenbach left the FDA in 2009 to join Greenleaf Health, which counsels pharmaceutical clients, before starting his own consulting company, and Karavetsos counsels pharmaceutical clients at DLA Piper, a Washington, D.C., law firm. In an interview, Josh Miller-Lewis, Sanders' deputy director of communications, refuted Karavetsos' arguments. He said Canadian drugmakers can apply for licenses, and all drugs would have to come from FDA-inspected plants. Politico reported in October that PhRMA is bolstering its war chest by another $100 million per year, suggesting to many industry analysts that drugmakers are gearing up for a ferocious fight. \"it's safe to say pharmaceutical corporations are prepared to spend some fraction of their multibillion-dollar profits to fight drug importation and any other policy that end the plague of overpriced medicine,\" said Rick Claypool, research director for Public Citizen, a watchdog group critical of the drug industry. Kaiser Health News is an editorially independent newsroom that is part of the nonpartisan Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 487, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00643", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00005", "text": "Massive stars form in dense and massive molecular cores. The exact formation mechanism is unclear, but it is possible that some massive stars are formed by processes similar to those that produce the low-mass stars, with accretion/ejection phenomena occurring at some point of the evolution of the protostar. This picture to be supported by the detection of a collimated stellar wind emanating from the massive protostar IRAS 16547-4247. A triple radio source is associated with the protostar: a compact core and two radio lobes. The emission of the southern lobe is clearly non-thermal. Such emission is interpreted as synchrotron radiation produced by relativistic electrons locally accelerated at the termination point of a thermal jet. Since the ambient medium is determined by the properties of the molecular cloud in which the whole system is embedded, we can expect high densities of particles and infrared photons. Because of the confirmed presence of relativistic electrons, inverse Compton and relativistic Bremsstrahlung interactions are unavoidable. Proton-proton collision should also occur, producing an injection of neutral pions. In this paper we aim at making quantitative predictions of the spectral energy distribution of the non-thermal spots generated by massive young stellar objects, with emphasis on the particular case of IRAS 16547-4247. We present spectral energy distributions for the southern lobe of this source, for a variety of conditions. We show that high-energy emission be detectable from this object in the gamma-ray domain (MeV to TeV). The source may also be detectable at X-rays through long exposures with current X-ray instruments.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00487", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00006", "text": "TPR broke the story that Hulu and its 500 jobs would come to San Antonio pending incentives that city, county and state officials have promised. While the state of Texas has already offered nearly $1.3 million from the Texas Enterprise Fund, Bexar County and the City of San Antonio have to vote on aspects of their deals this week. The city is offering up more than $278,000 in a six-year tax rebate on property located on Horizon Hill Boulevard near the medical center. The city funds come with requirements that Hulu create 500 jobs over three years, 70 percent of which within in a year must make 15.68 per hour and include medical benefits. Hulu is also expected to make an investment of 13 million dollars into the property. Mayor Ivy Taylor says it is a good deal for the city for more than just those 500 jobs. \"it certainly can lead to much more because Hulu is a growing company, but also just the cache that comes with a company like that being here could lead similar companies to give San Antonio fair consideration,\" says Taylor. Bexar County is offering $403,000 in a 10-year, 90 percent rebate. This deal would include the same 500 job requirement. It also expects a 15 million dollar investment in the company's Viewer Experience Operations headquarters. Bexar County Judge Nelson Wolff agrees that Hulu is great for building the local tech industry. \"So, we're really beginning to grow this industry. Now Hulu gives us another avenue to be able to sell other companies to come here. And that's important because they look at whose here,\" he says. The county votes Tuesday to authorize city staff to begin negotiations, with the above as its opening offer. City council votes on their final deal on Thursday.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00616", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00007", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Ensuring Patient Access to Healthcare Records Act of 2016''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (``HIPAA''), through certain of its implementing regulations known as the Privacy Rule, protects the health information of enrollees of health plans and other individuals (in this section referred to as ``protected health information''). (2) The HIPAA Privacy Rule applies to protected health information held by health care providers, plans, and clearinghouses, which are known as ``covered entities''. Such Rule also applies to vendors that perform certain functions for covered entities and thereby come into possession of protected health information. The HIPAA Privacy Rule refers to these vendors as ``business associates''. (3) The HIPAA Privacy Rule applies both to the internal use of protected health information by covered entities and their business associates and to the disclosure of such information to other parties. (4) Covered entities and their business associates are subject to substantial civil and criminal penalties if they use or disclose protected health information in violation of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. (5) Clearinghouses play a unique, central role in the health care system, interacting with both health care providers and plans. Clearinghouses convert information from providers into claims-processing standard electronic formats and then submit the claims to the plans and finally send providers the plan payments. (6) Claims and other data held by clearinghouses analyzed longitudinally and geographically, providing powerful analytical tools that could benefit the overall health care system and facilitate medical innovation in the 21st Century. (7) Clearinghouses are unable to unlock the benefits of such claims and other data because the HIPAA Privacy Rule assigns clearinghouses a dual role. Such clearinghouses are not only covered entities, but are also business associates. The latter role substantially restricts the ability of clearinghouses to analyze claims data. (8) Clearinghouses should not be considered business associates and should instead have the same ability to use and disclose health-related data as other types of covered entities. (9) Eliminating the business-associate role of clearinghouses would not affect the applicability of the civil and criminal penalties that enforce the HIPAA Privacy Rule. Clearinghouses would continue to be subject to such penalties in their role as covered entities. (10) In addition to the uses of health-related information that", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01017", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00008", "text": "High resolution molecular line observations of CS, HCO+, C18O and N2H+ were obtained toward the starless globule FeSt 1-457 in order to investigate its kinematics and chemistry. The HCO+ and CS spectra show clear self-reversed and asymmetric profiles across the face of the globule. The sense of the observed asymmetry is indicative of the global presence of expansion motions in the outer layers of the globule. These motions be subsonic and significantly below the escape velocity of the globule. Comparison of our observations with near-infrared extinction data indicate that the globule is gravitationally bound. Taken together these considerations lead us to suggest that the observed expansion has its origin in an oscillatory motion of the outer layers of the globule which itself is in a quasi-stable state near hydrostatic equilibrium. Analysis of the observed linewidths of CO and N2H+ confirm that thermal pressure is the dominant component of the cloud's internal support. A simple calculation suggests that the dominant mode of pulsation would be an l = 2 mode with a period of 0.3 Myr. Deformation of the globule due to the large amplitude l = 2 oscillation may be responsible for the double-peaked structure of the core detected in high resolution extinction maps. Detailed comparison of the molecular-line observations and extinction data provides evidence for significant depletion of C18O and HCO+ while N2H+ may be undepleted to a cloud depth of about 40 magnitudes of visual extinction.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00107", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00009", "text": "Au+Au, $s^{1/2} = 200$ A GeV measurements at RHIC, obtained with the PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS detectors, have all indicated a suppression of neutral pion production, relative to an appropriately normalized NN level. For central collisions and vanishing pseudo-rapidity these experiments exhibit suppression in charged meson production, especially at medium to large transverse momenta. In the PHENIX experiment similar behavior has been reported for $\\pi^0$ spectra. In a recent work on the simpler D+Au interaction, to be considered as a tune-up for Au+Au, we reported on a pre-hadronic cascade mechanism which explains the mixed observation of moderately reduced $p_\\perp$ suppression at higher pseudo-rapidity as well as the Cronin enhancement at mid-rapidity. Here we present the extension of this work to the more massive ion-ion collisions. Our major thesis is that much of the suppression is generated in a late stage cascade of colourless pre-hadrons produced after an initial short-lived coloured phase. We present a pQCD argument to justify this approach and to estimate the time duration $\\tau_p$ of this initial phase. Of essential importance is the brevity in time of the coloured phase existence relative to that of the strongly interacting pre-hadron phase. The split into two phases is of course not sharp in time, but adequate for treating the suppression of moderate and high $p_\\perp$ mesons.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00380", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00010", "text": "has not yet considered the state's request to reverse the ruling. Ottolia on Wednesday rejected a request by Compassion & Choices to vacate his decision and scheduled a June 29 hearing on a similar request from the attorney general's office. What does all this mean for now? \"We are in the world that we were before the law went into effect,\" said Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the law school at the University of California, Berkeley. WHAT HAPPENS TO THOSE WHO PLANNED TO USE THE LAW? Patients who have not obtained prescriptions for life-ending medications can't legally get them now, said Dr. Lonny Shavelson, whose practice was solely focused on those cases. Shavelson said he still is meeting with patients and taking their initial requests for drugs but not issuing prescriptions. And he said he can't guarantee their requests will count toward the required waiting period should the law be restored. Shavelson said patients who previously obtained prescriptions can take their medication if they choose to. But with the law not in effect, it's possible a medical examiner could declare the death a suicide, which could create challenges for family members claiming insurance payments. \"I am spending a lot of time calming down really freaked-out patients,\" he said. COULD DOCTORS FACE PROSECUTION? Shavelson said he and his colleagues met recently and determined they were no longer in business because of the judge's ruling. Similarly, Kaiser Permanente halted the health network's end-of-life program. What would happen to a doctor who wrote a prescription? Experts said that's largely up to prosecutors and can vary by jurisdiction. Matt Valliere, executive director of the Patients' Rights Action Fund that wants the law thrown out, said he believes doctors who write prescriptions can and should be prosecuted for assisting in a suicide, which is a felony under California law. Kathryn Tucker, executive director of the End of Life Liberty Project, said she doubts prosecutors would go after doctors who continue to treat pre-existing patients. But she said she doesn't expect doctors to issue new prescriptions without greater legal certainty. CAN LAWMAKERS PASS ANOTHER LAW? It's possible for lawmakers to propose another measure, but it took years for the state's now-blocked law to be passed. A new proposal on such an emotional issue would not sail through the Legislature. Tucker said legal wrangling in the courts will take less time than another legislative push. \"What's at stake is of a", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00800", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00011", "text": "just to the printable things — as the shortest par-5 in golf, the hole with the scariest second shot at Erin Hills (if you miss the green on the first) and, as Alex Noren of Sweden said, \"a hole where there's no way you can just hit a decent shot to get on there, you have to hit a super-good shot to have a chance.\" During his practice round Wednesday, Noren tried to simulate what happens if the shot is not \"super good.\" He randomly dropped a ball in one of the seven bunkers that surround the severely pitched green. He stepped in, leaned down and took a mighty hack. The ball stayed in. He leaned down again and got it out on the second try, then walked to the ball, picked it up, looked at it and threw it toward the stands. The ball had an inch-long gash just above the Callaway logo from his first failed attempt. Not that avoiding the bunkers guarantees success. The middle of the putting surface pitches severely right and funnels downhill into a tightly mowed collection area that can leave a tricky flop shot for a second. \"Guys are going to get a little upset with that if the ball hits the middle of the green and it rolls all the way off the green and 10 yards down into a chipping area,\" Steve Stricker said. \"at some point that may need to get a little softened.\" Rain do that, but during summer in Wisconsin, rain almost always means wind, too, and picking a club while playing downhill with a helping or crossing wind will be hard. Osborn said he expects more players than not to end up short of the green, in part because the bunkers that guard the back are tougher — filled with uneven lies, uneven distribution of sand and little dimples of scrub and turf that protrude into the traps themselves. All part of the plan. \"You could have a side-hill lie, a lie that be in one of those little fingers where you can't even get the club on the ball,\" Whitten said. \"You have a lie where you can't take the club back. You have to turn sideways or turn backward. \"But if you were in the water, it'd be even worse.\" No. 9 offers the most extreme example of the architects' philosophy across the course: Use the natural form of the land to turn bunkers back into hazards.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00718", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00012", "text": "X-ray observations have unveiled the existence of enigmatic point-like sources at the center of young (a few kyrs) supernova remnants. These sources, known as Central Compact Objects (CCOs), are thought to be neutron stars produced by the supernova explosion, although their X-ray phenomenology makes them markedly different from all the other young neutron stars discovered so far.The aim of this work is to search for the optical/IR counterpart of the Vela Junior CCO and to understand the nature of the associated Halpha nebula discovered by Pellizzoni et al. (2002).}{We have used deep optical (R band) and IR (J,H,Ks bands) observations recently performed by our group with the ESO VLT to obtain the first deep, high resolution images of the field with the goal of resolving the nebula structure and pinpointing a point-like source associated with the neutron star.Our R-band image shows that both the nebula's flux and its structure are very similar to the Halpha ones, suggesting that the nebula spectrum is dominated by pure Halpha line emission. However, the nebula is not detected in our IR observations, whick makes it impossible to to constrain its spectrum. A faint point-like object (J>22.6, H~21.6, Ks ~ 21.4) compatible with the neutron star's Chandra X-ray position is detected in our IR images (H and Ks) but not in the optical one (R > 25.6), where it is buried by the nebula background. The nebula is most a bow-shock produced by the neutron star motion through the ISM or, alternatively, a photo-ionization nebula powered by UV radiation from a hot neutron star.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 357, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00335", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00013", "text": "NEW YORK (AP) — Sick with the flu? You've got a lot of company. The flu blanketed the U.S. again last week for the third straight week. Only Hawaii has been spared. The government doesn't track every flu case but comes up with estimates. One measure is how many people seek medical care. Last week, 1 in 15 doctor visits were for symptoms of the flu. That's the highest level since the swine flu pandemic in 2009. Thirty-nine states reported high flu traffic last week, up from 32 the week before. Some good news, at least so far: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Friday that hospital stays and deaths from the flu among the elderly so far haven't been as high as in some other recent flu seasons. However, hospitalization rates for people 50 to 64 — Baby Boomers, mostly — has been unusually high, CDC officials said. The CDC reported what was seen across the nation for the week ending January 20. Flu is a contagious respiratory illness, spread by a virus. It can cause a miserable but relatively mild illness in many people, but more a more severe illness in others. Young children and the elderly are at greatest risk from flu and its complications. In a bad season, there are as many as 56,000 deaths connected to the flu. In the U.S., annual flu shots are recommended for everyone age 6 months or older. Health officials say this year's correctly shot targets the strains that are making Americans sick, including one causing most of the illness, a Type A H3N2 flu virus. But exactly well it is working won't be known until next month. The same virus was the dominant flu bug last winter, when the flu season wasn't so bad. It's not clear why this season — led by the same bug — is so much more intense, some experts said. \"That's the kicker. This virus really doesn't look that different from what we saw last year,\" said Richard Webby, a flu researcher at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis. It may be that many of the people getting sick this year managed to avoid infection last year. Or there may be some degree of mutation in the virus that hasn't been detected yet, said the CDC's Dr. Dan Jernigan, in a call with reporters Friday. Based on patterns from past seasons, it's flu season will start to wane soon", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00762", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00014", "text": "BRUSSELS (AP) — The European Union said Monday that it stands ready to hit back \"swiftly and appropriately\" if U.S. President Donald Trump takes unfair trade measures against the 28-nation bloc. The EU's warning comes less than 24 hours after Trump expressed his annoyance with EU trade policy, saying it \"may morph into something very big.\" The standoff contrasted sharply with relations during the administration of Barack Obama, when both sides sought to create a massive free trade zone between the EU and United States that was argued could yield over $100 billion a year for both sides. When Trump won the presidential election in November 2016, those hopes evaporated as the new president talked about protecting American jobs and going against multilateral trade deals that he portrayed as detrimental to his \"America First\" policies. On Sunday, Trump said in a British television interview that \"the European Union has been very, very unfair to the United States, and it'll turn out to be very much to their detriment.\" He insisted that his trade issues with the EU \"may morph into something very big from that standpoint, from a trade standpoint.\" In the past, he has hinted at punitive measures against trading partners he thought were abusing the U.S. market. Trump last week approved tariffs on imported solar-energy components and large washing machines in a bid to help U.S. manufacturers, particularly against competition from China and South Korea. His administration has also pulled out of a Pacific trade deal and is looking to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement. EU chief spokesman Margaritis Schinas retorted Monday that \"the EU stands ready to react swiftly and appropriately in case our exports are affected by any restrictive trade measure from the United States.\" Schinas said that \"while trade has to be open and fair it also has to be rules-based.\" The issues also came to the fore during last week's World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. In 2016, official figures show, the EU imported 246 billion euros ($304 billion) in goods from the U.S. while exporting some 362 billion euros ($448 billion) to the country. Trump has taken aim at that U.S. deficit of 116 billion euros ($143 billion). In services, the U.S. deficit is much smaller, of only about 13 billion euros ($16 billion). The EU and Germany both called for cooperation Monday. German government spokesman, Steffen Seibert, noted that Chancellor Angela Merkel", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00806", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00015", "text": "We describe Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observations of RT Cru, the first of a new sub-class of symbiotic stars that contain white dwarfs (WDs) capable of producing hard X-ray emission out to greater than 50 keV. The production of such hard X-ray emission from the objects in this sub-class (which also includes CD -57 3057, T CrB, and CH Cyg) challenges our understanding of accreting WDs. We find that the 0.3 -- 8.0 keV X-ray spectrum of RT Cru emanates from an isobaric cooling flow, as in the optically thin accretion-disk boundary layers of some dwarf novae. The parameters of the spectral fit confirm that the compact accretor is a WD, and they are consistent with the WD being massive. We detect rapid, stochastic variability from the X-ray emission below 4 keV. The combination of flickering variability and a cooling-flow spectrum indicates that RT Cru is powered by accretion through a disk. Whereas the cataclysmic variable stars with the hardest X-ray emission are typically magnetic accretors with X-ray flux modulated at the WD spin period, we find that the X-ray emission from RT Cru is not pulsed. RT Cru therefore shows no evidence for magnetically channeled accretion, consistent with our interpretation that the Chandra spectrum arises from an accretion-disk boundary layer.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00479", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00016", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Pharmacy Education Aid Act of 2003''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Pharmacists are an important link in our Nation's health care system. A critical shortage of pharmacists is threatening the ability of pharmacies to continue to provide important prescription related services. (2) In the landmark report entitled ``To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System'', the Institute of Medicine reported that medication errors can be partially attributed to factors that are indicative of a shortage of pharmacists (such as too many customers, numerous distractions, and staff shortages). (3) Congress acknowledged in the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-129) a growing demand for pharmacists by requiring the Secretary of Health and Human Services to conduct a study to determine whether there is a shortage of pharmacists in the United States and, if so, to what extent. (4) As a result of Congress' concern about how a shortage of pharmacists would impact the public health, the Secretary of Health and Human Services published a report entitled ``The Pharmacist Workforce: A Study in Supply and Demand for Pharmacists'' in December of 2000. (5) ``The Pharmacist Workforce: A Study in Supply and Demand for Pharmacists'' found that ``While the overall supply of pharmacists has increased in the past decade, there has been an unprecedented demand for pharmacists and for pharmaceutical care services, which has not been met by the currently available supply'' and that the ``evidence clearly indicates the emergence of a shortage of pharmacists over the past two years''. (6) The same study also found that ``The most striking evidence of a pharmacist shortage stems from demonstrably increased vacancy rates, difficulties in hiring, and unprecedented increases in the volume and range of activities demanded of today's pharmacist.'' (7) The study found that ``The factors causing the current shortage are of a nature not to abate in the near future without fundamental changes in pharmacy practice and education.'' The study projects that the number of prescriptions filled by community pharmacists will increase by 20 percent by 2004. In contrast, the number of community pharmacists is expected to increase by only 6 percent by 2005. (8) Regarding access to pharmacy services in rural areas, the study found that ``Remoteness, isolation from other professionals, lower", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00925", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00017", "text": "Using scaled-particle theory for binary mixtures of two-dimensional hard particles with rotational freedom, we analyse the stability of nematic phases and the demixing phase behaviour of a variety of mixtures, focussing on cases where at least one of the components consists of hard rectangles or hard squares. A pure fluid of hard rectangles may exhibit, aside from the usual uniaxial nematic phase, an additional (tetratic) oriented phase, possessing two directors, which is the analogue of the biaxial or cubatic phases in three- dimensional fluids. There is computer simulation evidence that the tetratic phase be stable with respect to phases with spatial order for rectangles with low aspect ratios. As hard rectangles are mixed with other particles not possessing stable tetratic order by themselves, the tetratic phase is destabilised, via a first- or second-order phase transition, to uniaxial nematic or isotropic phases; for hard rectangles of low aspect ratio tetratic order persists in a relatively large range of volume fractions. The order of these transitions depends on the particle geometry, dimensions and thermodynamic conditions of the mixture. The second component of the mixture has been chosen to be hard discs or disco-rectangles, the geometry of which is different from that of rectangles, leading to packing frustration and demixing behaviour, or simply rectangles of different aspect ratio. These mixtures may be good candidates for observing thermodynamically stable tetratic phases in monolayers of hard particles. Finally, demixing between fluid (isotropic--tetratic or tetratic--tetratic) phases is seen to occur in mixtures of hard squares of different sizes when the size ratio is sufficiently large.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00121", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00018", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — Chandler Stephenson, Andre Burakovsky and T.J. Oshie ended lengthy goal droughts to help the Washington Capitals rally past the Philadelphia Flyers 5-3 on Wednesday night. Stephenson scored twice after going without a goal for 28 games, Burakovsky scored on the power play after coming up empty for 10 games and Oshie lifted his arms and looked to the sky when he scored on the power-play to end his 13-game dry spell. Devante Smith-Pelly scored Washington's fifth goal on 20 shots to chase Philadelphia starter Michal Neuvirth midway through the third period of a game the Capitals trailed 2-0 after one. Braden Holtby stopped 27 of the 30 shots, including an important glove save early on Travis Konecny and several saves against Flyers captain Claude Giroux. The Capitals avoided what would have been their first four-game home losing streak since 2010 on the heels of their NHL-best 10-game home winning streak that ended Jan 11. No. 2 pick Nolan Patrick, Konecny and Jakub Voracek scored for Philadelphia. Alex Lyon made his NHL debut in relief of Neuvirth, stopping five shots in preparation for what his first start Thursday at New Jersey. The Flyers got off to a hot start when Patrick made the most of his promotion to second-line center by scoring on a 2-on-1 rush with Wayne Simmonds just 1:18 in. Holtby robbed Konecny on another rush, but the young forward scored to make it 2-0 at 7:50 as he followed up Sean Couturier's initial shot. As much as Philadelphia dominated the first period, Washington took over in the second, starting with a mistake by Neuvirth when he lost the puck under him. Stephenson poked it in to get the Capitals on the board and scored on a breakaway 47 seconds later to tie it at 2. Stephenson's two goals in under a minute came after he scored two in his first 36 games this season. With Flyers defenseman Andrew MacDonald in the penalty box for slashing, Lars Eller won a faceoff and a puck battle before directing it on net for Burakovsky's first power-play goal of the season 14:32 into the second to give the Capitals the lead. It was all Capitals from there, though Flyers fans filled the arena with \"E-A", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00808", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00019", "text": "the company's booming business. Sears' stature is far smaller these days amid a constantly changing retail landscape which brought with it the dominance of Amazon, the rise of e-commerce and big-box discount retailers. It's left brick-and-mortar stores reeling. Despite its merger with Kmart in 2005, Sears has consistently lost millions of dollars each quarter. The retailer has closed hundreds of stores, slashed jobs and sold off key assets like the Lands' End clothing line and its legendary Craftsman brand — although both brands continue to be sold at Sears. Independent retail analyst Sucharita Mulpuru says these changes haven't worked. \"There are just so many onerous forces relating to competition,\" she says. \"that no matter what they do, they are fighting a losing battle.\" In a memo, CEO Eddie Lampert says Sears is taking decisive action to return to profitability and to become a new kind of retailer. Some analysts accuse Lampert of sucking the value out of the company, selling off its most marketable assets. Then there's that line in Sears' recent annual report to federal regulators — which states \"substantial doubt exists related to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.\" But Leena Munjal, a Sears senior vice president in charge of retail operations, says that reports of the company's demise are exaggerated. \"Do we have challenges? Absolutely,\" she says. \"Just like many of the retailers out there and we are all trying to figure out what are the changes we need to make to our business models to be able to rise to those challenges.\" Sears' transformation plan includes a membership program called Shop Your Way. Customers collect points they can redeem when they shop at Sears. The company's also worked on ways to make it more convenient for customers to shop online, or on their phones. The Sears at Woodfield Mall, about 30 miles northwest of Chicago, is huge. There are clothes, fitness equipment and aisles of gleaming appliances. Carla and Jeremy Lang push their twin 18-month-old sons in a stroller while looking at ovens and stoves. Carla Lang says they've heard about the store's financial troubles. \"We've read stuff online that they may be closing stores and what not, but we still come here,\" she says. \"It's close by, and like I said we've had success with purchasing things.\" There are others though, loyal past shoppers, who haven't been in a Sears for", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00613", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00020", "text": "that ensures a sustainable harvest of Gulf of Mexico red snapper. (b) State Implementation and Enforcement.-- (1) Submittal of management measures.--Each Gulf coastal State shall submit to the Commission management measures to ensure compliance with the conservation objectives of the fishery management plan. (2) Implementation.--Upon certification by the Commission that all Gulf coastal States have submitted sufficient management measures described in paragraph (1), the Commission shall certify to the Secretary of Commerce under section 3(b)(2) to revoke Federal management of Gulf of Mexico red snapper, and the Gulf coastal States shall manage the Gulf of Mexico red snapper in the adjacent coastal waters consistent with the fishery management plan. SEC. 5. MONITORING OF IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF GULF OF MEXICO RED SNAPPER FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN BY GULF COASTAL STATES. (a) Determination.--In December each year, and at any other time it considers appropriate, the Commission shall determine-- (1) whether each Gulf coastal State has adopted all regulatory measures to fully implement the fishery management plan; and (2) whether the enforcement of the fishery management plan by each Gulf coastal State is satisfactory to maintain the long-term sustainability and abundance of Gulf of Mexico red snapper. (b) Satisfactory State Enforcement.--For purposes of subsection (a)(2), enforcement by a Gulf coastal State shall not be considered satisfactory by the Commission if, in its view, such enforcement is being carried out in such a manner that the implementation of the fishery management plan within the coastal waters of the Gulf coastal State is being, or will be, substantially and adversely affected. (c) Notice to Secretary of Commerce of Adverse Determination.--The Commission shall immediately notify the Secretary of Commerce of each negative determination made with respect to a Gulf coastal State under subsection (a). SEC. 6. GULF OF MEXICO RED SNAPPER FISHERY MANAGEMENT REVIEW. (a) Commission Review and Report on Certification on Certain State Actions.-- (1) Commission review of state certification.--Each Gulf coastal State that manages Gulf of Mexico red snapper shall submit to the Commission a certification as follows: (A) If Gulf of Mexico red snapper is undergoing overfishing or subject to a rebuilding plan, that such Gulf coastal State shall implement immediately the necessary measures to end overfishing and rebuild the fishery. (B) That such Gulf coastal State", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00848", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00021", "text": "A few years ago, my daughter requested that her nightly lullaby be replaced with a bedtime story. I was happy to comply, and promptly invented stories full of imaginary creatures in elaborate plots intended to convey some important lesson about patience or hard work or being kind to others. But my daughter was not pleased. She had very particular ideas about what her bedtime stories should be about. She wanted stories about a little girl planning a birthday party. A human girl. A human girl about her age. And what fascinated her were the mundane details: the theme for the party, the location, who was invited, and (most importantly) what they had for dessert. It turns out my daughter is not alone. Her passion for birthday party stories, in particular, may be somewhat idiosyncratic, but children often prefer the factual over the fantastical. And a growing body of work suggests that when it comes to storybooks, they also learn better from stories that are realistic. For example, preschool-aged children are more to learn new facts about animals when the animals are portrayed realistically as opposed to anthropomorphically, and they're more to apply the solution to a problem presented in a storybook to a new scenario when the storybook involves real people (as opposed to fictional characters) and a realistic plot (as opposed to a space adventure). A new study by Nicole Larson, Kang Lee, and Patricia Ganea, forthcoming in the journal Developmental Science, reveals that learning about good behavior is no exception. When children read a realistic storybook about humans who shared, they were more to do so themselves. In the study, 4- to 6-year-old children were read a story about sharing that featured either human characters or anthropomorphic animals. Both before and after the story, children had the opportunity to share stickers with other children. The number of stickers each child set aside for others provided a quantifiable measure of sharing. The key finding was that, on average, children who heard the story featuring a human who shared increased the number of stickers they shared, whereas those who heard the story featuring an anthropomorphic animal that shared did not. In other words, young children applied the lesson from the story to their own behavior, but only when the story featured humans. The researchers also found that when children in another group were allowed to choose whether to read the story about humans or the story about anthropomorphic animals, they had no reliable preference. This suggests that the story", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00655", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00022", "text": "Often, individuals begin their management careers by being thrust into management roles after they demonstrate outstanding operational performance. Unfortunately, few companies prepare these new managers for management responsibilities. Worse yet, a crisis in leadership can become a personal trauma. \"I hate my job,\" said a manager-colleague last week as we were having coffee. \"All I ever wanted to do was develop software, and now my company's asking me to manage it.\" There are many individual like this in tech. Entrepreneurs innovate new products and then just as zealously set out to find a CEO or COO to run their companies. In other cases, individuals who are managing really do want to become the great managers that their companies expect them to be—but they are afraid of failing. SEE: How to manage job stress: An IT leader's guide (free PDF) (TechRepublic) If you're operating in a management capacity, but find yourself needing coaching and mentoring, you may want to consider engaging a personal coach. Here are a few tips for doing so: Know what you are looking for One of the reasons managers pursue career and personal coaching is that they feel something is missing from their management styles and techniques, but they don't know what. A personal management coach can help you identify shortcomings in your management style and how to address them—but it's still good to have some idea of what your shortfalls be before you engage an outside coach to help you. Having an idea of what you think the problems are is a great way to starting the conversation. Seek measurable and results-oriented coaching Manager coaching shouldn't be used just to make you feel better about your job — it should be intended to actually improve your performance and effectiveness. If your coach doesn't have a results-oriented methodology for coaching you, you will want look at other options. One of the more established management coaching methods is goals-reality-options-will, or GROW. GROW was first developed in the UK in the 1980s. In the process, the person being coached develops goals that they would like to attain, and identifies the obstacles that have prevented attainment. In step two, the person and coach look at the realities of the situation. In step three, the person works with a coach to discover options, such as what would happen if the obstacles didn't exist, or what else they could do, and in step four a specific goal attainment plan with timelines is developed. Pursue your coaching in a trusted environment I once worked alongside", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00588", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00023", "text": "We report the detection of CN(N=3-2) emission towards the Cloverleaf quasar (z=2.56) based on observations with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. This is the first clear detection of emission from this radical at high redshift. CN emission is a tracer of dense molecular hydrogen gas (n(H2) > 10^4 cm^{-3}) within star-forming molecular clouds, in particular in regions where the clouds are affected by UV radiation. The HCN/CN intensity ratio can be used as a diagnostic for the relative importance of photodissociation regions (PDRs) in a source, and as a sensitive probe of optical depth, the radiation field, and photochemical processes. We derive a lensing-corrected CN(N=3-2) line luminosity of L'(CN(3-2) = (4.5 +/- 0.5) x 10^9 K km/s pc^2. The ratio between CN luminosity and far-infrared luminosity falls within the scatter of the same relationship found for low-z (ultra-) luminous infrared galaxies. Combining our new results with CO(J=3-2) and HCN(J=1-0) measurements from the literature and assuming thermal excitation for all transitions, we find a CO/CN luminosity ratio of 9.3 +/- 1.9 and a HCN/CN luminosity ratio of 0.95 +/- 0.15. However, we find that the CN(N=3-2) line is only subthermally excited, implying that those ratios may only provide upper limits for the intrinsic 1-0 line luminosity ratios. We conclude that, in combination with other molecular gas tracers like CO, HCN, and HCO+, CN is an important probe of the physical conditions and chemical composition of dense molecular environments at high redshift.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 396, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00171", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00024", "text": "We identify satellites of isolated galaxies in SDSS and examine their angular distribution. Using mock catalogues generated from cosmological N-body simulations, we demonstrate that the selection criteria used to select isolated galaxies and their satellites must be very strict in order to correctly identify systems in which the primary galaxy dominates its environment. The criteria used in many previous studies instead select predominantly group members. We refine a set of selection criteria for which the group contamination is estimated to be less than 7% and present a catalogue of the resulting sample. The angular distribution of satellites about their host is biased towards the major axes for spheroidal galaxies and probably also for red disc galaxies, but is isotropic for blue disc galaxies, i.e. it is the colour of the host that determines the distribution of its satellites rather than its morphology. The similar anisotropy measured in this study as in studies that were dominated by groups implies that group-specific processes are not responsible for the angular distribution. Satellites that are most to have been recently accreted show a tendancy to lie along the same axis as the surrounding large scale structure. The orientations of isolated early and intermediate-type galaxies also align with the surrounding large scale structures. We discuss the origin of the anisotropic satellite distribution and consider the implications of our results, critically assessing the respective roles played by the orientation of the visible galaxy within its dark matter halo; anisotropic accretion of satellites from the larger scale environment; and the biased nature of satellites as tracers of the underlying dark matter subhalo population. (Abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00241", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00025", "text": "AIMS: We investigate here the nature of all the sources (35 in total) in the XBS survey (which is 86% optically identified) showing an optical spectrum dominated by the light from the host galaxy with no evidence (or little evidence) for the presence of an AGN. METHODS: We use the X-ray spectral analysis to assess the presence of an AGN in these sources and to characterize its properties. RESULTS: We detect AGN activity in 33 out of 35 sources. The remaining 2 sources are the ones with the lowest X-ray luminosity in the sample (L[2-10keV]<10^41 erg s^-1) and their X-ray emission produced within the host galaxy. We find that the ``recognition problem'' for AGN is very critical in the low-luminosity regime (at least 60% of the AGN with L[2-10keV]<10^43 erg s^-1 are elusive) becoming negligible for high X-ray luminosities (~1.5% of elusive AGN with L[2-10keV]>10^44 erg s^-1). This problem affects mostly absorbed AGN (~40% of type~2 AGN in the survey are elusive) but also a significant fraction of unabsorbed AGN (8%). CONCLUSIONS: We find that the simplest explanations of why these 33 (or most of them) AGNs are elusive are two: at low X-ray luminosities (<10^43 erg s^-1) the most important reason is the intrinsically low AGN/galaxy contrast (optical dilution) while at high luminosities (>10^44 erg s^-1) it is due to the optical absorption (in the Compton-thin regime, i.e. NH<10^24 cm^-2). Alternative hypotheses, like the presence of Compton-thick sources, BL Lac objects or ``non-standard'' AGN (e.g. with alpha_OX<1 or with weak/absorbed Narrow Line Region) are not supported by the data although we cannot exclude the presence in the sample of a few sources of these types.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 446, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00164", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00026", "text": "We use Spitzer Space Telescope observations from the Spitzer Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (S3MC) to study the young stellar content of N66, the largest and brightest HII region in the SMC. In addition to large numbers of normal stars, we detect a significant population of bright, red infrared sources that we identify as to be young stellar objects (YSOs). We use spectral energy distribution (SED) fits to classify objects as ordinary (main sequence or red giant) stars, asymptotic giant branch stars, background galaxies, and YSOs. This represents the first large-scale attempt at blind source classification based on Spitzer SEDs in another galaxy. We firmly identify at least 61 YSOs, with another 50 probable YSOs; only one embedded protostar in the SMC was reported in the literature prior to the S3MC. We present color selection criteria that can be used to identify a relatively clean sample of YSOs with IRAC photometry. Our fitted SEDs indicate that the infrared-bright YSOs in N66 have stellar masses ranging from 2 Msun to 17 Msun, and that approximately half of the objects are Stage II protostars, with the remaining YSOs roughly evenly divided between Stage I and Stage III sources. We find evidence for primordial mass segregation in the HII region, with the most massive YSOs being preferentially closer to the center than lower-mass objects. Despite the low metallicity and dust content of the SMC, the observable properties of the YSOs appear consistent with those in the Milky Way. Although the YSOs are heavily concentrated within the optically bright central region of N66, there is ongoing star formation throughout the complex and we place a lower limit on the star formation rate of 3.2 x 10^-3 Msun/yr over the last ~1 Myr.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00401", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00027", "text": "such local educational agencies; or ``(C) an educational service agency or a nonprofit organization with demonstrated expertise in serving students from rural areas. ``(2) A majority of the schools to be served by the project are designated with a school locale code of 41, 42, or 43, or a combination of such codes, as determined by the Secretary. ``(d) Priorities.--In awarding grants under this part, the Secretary may give priority to an eligible entity that includes, in its application under section 4404, a plan to-- ``(1) improve early learning outcomes; ``(2) support college access and success; ``(3) support family and community engagement; ``(4) address the unique learning needs of students with disabilities or English language learners; ``(5) support the effective use of education technology to improve teaching and learning; ``(6) improve the teaching and learning of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics; or ``(7) serve schools in rural local educational agencies. ``(e) Standards of Evidence.--The Secretary shall set standards for the quality of evidence that an applicant shall provide in order to demonstrate that the activities the applicant proposes to carry out with funds under this part are to succeed in improving student outcomes or outcomes on other performance measures. These standards may include any of the following: ``(1) Strong evidence that the activities proposed by the applicant will have a statistically significant effect on student academic achievement, student growth, or outcomes on other performance measures. ``(2) Moderate evidence that the activities proposed by the applicant will improve student academic achievement, student growth, or outcomes on other performance measures. ``(3) A rationale based on research findings or a reasonable hypothesis that the activities proposed by the applicant will improve student academic achievement, student growth, or outcomes on other performance measures. ``SEC. 4404. APPLICATIONS. ``(a) Applications.-- ``(1) In general.--Each local educational agency, educational service agency, or nonprofit organization that desires to receive a grant under this part shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may reasonably require. ``(2) Reasonable period of time.--The Secretary shall ensure that prospective applicants are provided a reasonable period of time in which to prepare and submit their applications. ``(b) Contents.--At a minimum, each application shall-- ``(1) describe the project for which the applicant is seeking a grant and how the evidence supporting that project meets the standards of evidence", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01076", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00028", "text": "Growing up in southwestern Virginia in recent decades, poet Molly McCully Brown often passed by a state institution in Amherst County that was once known as the \"Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded.\" Since 1983 the facility, which was founded in 1910, has been called the Central Virginia Training Center, and it is now a residential home for people with various intellectual disabilities. But in the early 20th century, the place Brown now refers to as \"the colony\" was part of the eugenics movement taking hold in the U.S., and a variety of treatments now considered inhumane were practiced there — including forced sterilization. Brown, who has cerebral palsy, notes that had she been born in an earlier era, she have been sent to live at the institution herself. \"It is impossible to know that for sure,\" she says. \"I can look at my life and look at my family and look at my parents and think, No, never. That never would have happened. But I also understand that if I had been born 50 years earlier, the climate was very different.\" She hopes to give voice to those early generations of residents, in her book of poetry, The Virginia State Colony For Epileptics And Feebleminded. For Brown, the themes of disability and poetry have been constant throughout her life: \"In my life, there has always been my body in some state of falling apart or disrepair or attempting to be fixed, and there has always been poetry. And I couldn't untwine those things if I tried.\" Interview Highlights On seeing the buildings and grounds of the old facility It was incredibly moving and incredibly powerful. The place is interesting because it is still an operational facility for adults with really serious disabilities, although it is in the process of closing. But like a lot of things in Virginia, it was initially built on an enormous amount of land. And, so, a really interesting thing happened, which is that as the buildings that were originally part of the colony fell into disrepair, they were largely just moved out of — and new buildings were built on accompanying land, but those original buildings were not necessarily torn down. So the place itself is this really strange combination of functioning facility and ghost town of everything that it has been. I've never been in a place that felt more acutely haunted in my life. On how some people assume her physical disability means she also has an intellectual", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00633", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00029", "text": "Let ${\\mathcal S}(\\R)$ be an o-minimal structure over $\\R$, $T \\subset \\R^{k_1+k_2+\\ell}$ a closed definable set, and $$ \\displaylines{\\pi_1: \\R^{k_1+k_2+\\ell}\\to \\R^{k_1 + k_2}, \\pi_2: \\R^{k_1+k_2+\\ell}\\to \\R^{\\ell}, \\ \\pi_3: \\R^{k_1 + k_2} \\to \\R^{k_2}} $$ the projection maps. For any collection ${\\mathcal A} = \\{A_1,...,A_n\\}$ of subsets of $\\R^{k_1+k_2}$, and $\\z \\in \\R^{k_2}$, let $\\A_\\z$ denote the collection of subsets of $\\R^{k_1}$, $\\{A_{1,\\z},..., A_{n,\\z}\\}$, where $A_{i,\\z} = A_i \\cap \\pi_3^{-1}(\\z), 1 \\leq i \\leq n$. We prove that there exists a constant $C = C(T) > 0,$ such that for any family ${\\mathcal A} = \\{A_1,...,A_n\\}$ of definable sets, where each $A_i = \\pi_1(T \\cap \\pi_2^{-1}(\\y_i))$, for some $\\y_i \\in \\R^{\\ell}$, the number of distinct stable homotopy types of $\\A_\\z, \\z \\in \\R^{k_2}$, is bounded by $ \\displaystyle{C \\cdot n^{(k_1+1)k_2},} $ while the number of distinct homotopy types is bounded by $ \\displaystyle{C \\cdot n^{(k_1+3)k_2}.} $ This generalizes to the general o-minimal setting, bounds of the same type proved in \\cite{BV} for semi-algebraic and semi-Pfaffian families. One main technical tool used in the proof of the above results, is a topological comparison theorem which be of independent interest in the study of arrangements.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 488, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00004", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00030", "text": "opens the spectrum up a lot.\" Many companies require a bachelor's degree for every position, even administrative ones, Hennigan said. \"You should really break it down into what tasks have to be performed in order to achieve success, and then let the best candidate win based on their skills and abilities rather than on their credentials,\" she added. For positions such as programmers, it's easy to set up an online test that allows you to objectively judge whether or not they have the abilities to complete the job. \"A recruiter no longer has to pick up the phone for the initial screen, when a recruiting tool can provide the candidate with a set of questions that will help qualify them or disqualify them, and it can do so based on their actual abilities rather than their credentials,\" Hennigan said. Budgeting for training to catch nontraditional employees up to speed will also allow you to make faster hires, and eventually make your company more competitive, Angove said. \"We're finding companies that are fortunate enough to have that budget to provide training or certification are loosening up some of the specific technical requirements and ramping the people up,\" he added. Building a mentor program is also a successful and cost-effective way to help new employees learn more tech skills, Angove said. Identifying skills, not degrees Candidates build skills in many ways, all of which should be taken into consideration, said Kelli Jordan, IBM's talent leader for New Collar Initiatives. \"They can build it in a four-year degree program. They can build it in a computer science program at a community college, or in a boot camp,\" she said. \"What we like to focus on is that application of the skill, and a lot of that does come out in the interview process.\" IBM performs skills assessments for job candidates, regardless of their background. For example, when interviewing for a software development role, interviewers give candidates a coding exercise, examine their GitHub repository, and talk to them about the code they wrote. SEE: How CXOs can develop a diverse workforce (Tech Pro Research) The interview process for all job candidates includes behavioral questions about what a candidate has done previously, such as \"Tell me about a situation where you had to evaluate competing priorities.\" It also includes situational questions, which tend to work well for candidates with minimal experience, Jordan said. These are questions such as, \"Walk me through how you handle an upset client.\" \"That's going to help you", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00581", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00031", "text": "This paper studies two high-pollution episodes over Greater Tokyo: 9 and 10 December 1999, and 31 July and 1 August 2001. Results obtained with the chemistry-transport model (CTM) Polair3D are compared to measurements of inorganic PM2.5. To understand to which extent the aerosol processes modeled in Polair3D impact simulated inorganic PM2.5, Polair3D is run with different options in the aerosol module, e.g. with/without heterogeneous reactions. To quantify the impact of processes outside the aerosol module, simulations are also done with another CTM (CMAQ). In the winter episode, sulfate is mostly impacted by condensation, coagulation, long-range transport, and deposition to a lesser extent. In the summer episode, the effect of long-range transport largely dominates. The impact of condensation/evaporation is dominant for ammonium, nitrate and chloride in both episodes. However, the impact of the thermodynamic equilibrium assumption is limited. The impact of heterogeneous reactions is large for nitrate and ammonium, and taking heterogeneous reactions into account be crucial in predicting the peaks of nitrate and ammonium. The impact of deposition is the same for all inorganic PM2.5. It is small compared to the impact of other processes although it is not negligible. The impact of nucleation is negligible in the summer episode, and small in the winter episode. The impact of coagulation is larger in the winter episode than in the summer episode, because the number of small particles is higher in the winter episode as a consequence of nucleation.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 334, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00148", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00032", "text": "We consider the evolution of strong (W_r(2796) > 0.3A) MgII absorbers, most of which are closely related to luminous galaxies. Using 20 high resolution quasar spectra from the VLT/UVES public archive, we examine 33 strong MgII absorbers in the redshift range 0.3 < z < 2.5. We compare and supplement this sample with 23 strong MgII absorbers at 0.4 < z < 1.4 observed previously with HIRES/Keck. We find that neither equivalent width nor kinematic spread (the optical depth weighted second moment of velocity) of MgII2796 evolve. However, the kinematic spread is sensitive to the highest velocity component, and therefore not as sensitive to additional weak components at intermediate velocities relative to the profile center. The fraction of absorbing pixels within the full velocity range of the system does show a trend of decreasing with decreasing redshift. Most high redshift systems (14/20) exhibit absorption over the entire system velocity range, which differs from the result for low redshift systems (18/36) at the 95% level. This leads to a smaller number of separate subsystems for high redshift systems because weak absorping components tend to connect the stronger regions of absorption. We hypothesize that low redshift MgII profiles are more to represent well formed galaxies, many of which have kinematics consistent with a disk/halo structure. High redshift MgII profiles are more to show evidence of complex protogalactic structures, with multiple accretion or outflow events. Although these results are derived from measurements of gas kinematics, they are consistent with hierarchical galaxy formation evidenced by deep galaxy surveys.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00212", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00033", "text": "vision and hearing screening tests-- ``(i) to all children enrolled in a school who are most to suffer from vision or hearing loss; or ``(ii) to all children enrolled in a school; ``(B) ensure that the category of children elected under subparagraph (A) receive such tests, either by referral or by performing the test (under contract or otherwise), that are appropriate for the age and risk factors of the children, based on the enrollment of the children in the school; and ``(C) in the case of any child determined to have a vision or hearing impairment, provide the child with such eyewear and hearing aids as are appropriate to correct the child's vision or hearing, to the extent that such correction is feasible. ``(3) Other health screening programs.--The Secretary shall determine the program elements that shall be applicable to other health screening programs operated under a grant under this section. ``(e) Reimbursement.-- ``(1) Children enrolled in or eligible for medicaid.-- ``(A) In general.--With respect to a child who is eligible for or receiving medical assistance under a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.) and who receives, or is provided, a test, treatment, education, corrective eyewear, or hearing aid under a program established under subsection (a), the Secretary, notwithstanding any other provision of, or limitation under, such title XIX, including the payment limitation commonly known as the `free care rule', shall reimburse the local educational agency administering such program from funds that are made available under such title XIX for 100 percent of the cost of the performance, arrangement, or provision and data reporting. ``(B) Costs.--The costs of a test conducted under this section shall include reimbursement for-- ``(i) testing devices and associated supplies approved for sale by the Food and Drug Administration and used in compliance with section 353; and ``(ii) administering the tests and related services, as determined appropriate by the State agency responsible for the administration of title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.). ``(2) Children enrolled in or eligible for schip.-- ``(A) In general.--With respect to a child who is eligible for or receiving child health assistance under a State plan under title XXI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397aa et seq.) and who receives, or is provided, a test,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00916", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00034", "text": "(abridged) We present near-infrared (NIR) adaptive optics imaging obtained with VLT/NACO and optical spectroscopy from the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) of a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) IRAS 19115-2124. These data are combined with archival HST imaging and Spitzer imaging and spectroscopy, allowing us to study this disturbed interacting/merging galaxy, dubbed the Bird, in extraordinary detail. In particular, the data reveal a triple system where the LIRG phenomenon is dominated by the smallest of the components. One nucleus is a regular barred spiral with significant rotation, while another is highly disturbed with a surface brightness distribution intermediate to that of disk and bulge systems, and hints of remaining arm/bar structure. We derive dynamical masses in the range 3-7x10^10 M_solar for both. The third component be a 1-2x10^10 M_solar mass irregular galaxy. The total system exhibits HII galaxy-like optical line ratios and strengths, and no evidence for AGN activity is found from optical or mid-infrared data. The star formation rate is estimated to be 190 M_solar/yr. We search for SNe, super star clusters, and detect 100-300 km/s outflowing gas from the Bird. Overall, the Bird shows kinematic, dynamical, and emission line properties typical for cool ultra luminous IR galaxies. However, the interesting features setting it apart for future studies are its triple merger nature, and the location of its star formation peak - the strongest star formation does not come from the two major K-band nuclei, but from the third irregular component. Aided by simulations, we discuss scenarios where the irregular component is on its first high-speed encounter with the more massive components.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 368, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00474", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00035", "text": "the airman; (3) to provide a full set of NOTAM results in addition to specific information requested by airmen; (4) to provide a document that is easily searchable; and (5) to provide a filtering mechanism similar to that provided by the Department of Defense Notices to Airmen. (c) Advice From Private Sector Groups.--The Administrator shall establish a NOTAM Improvement Panel, which shall be comprised of representatives of relevant nonprofit and not-for-profit general aviation pilot groups, to advise the Administrator in carrying out the goals of the NOTAM Improvement Program under this section. (d) Phase-in and Completion.--The improvements required by this section shall be phased in as quickly as practicable and shall be completed not later than the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 4. MEDICAL CERTIFICATION. (a) Assessment.-- (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate an assessment of the Federal Aviation Administration's medical certification process and the associated medical standards and forms. (2) Report.--The Comptroller General shall submit a report to Congress based on the assessment required under paragraph (1) that examines-- (A) revisions to the medical application form that would provide greater clarity and guidance to applicants; (B) the alignment of medical qualification policies with present-day qualified medical judgment and practices, as applied to an individual's medically relevant circumstances; and (C) steps that taken to promote the public's understanding of the medical requirements that determine an airman's medical certificate eligibility. (b) Goals of the Federal Aviation Administration's Medical Certification Process.--The goals of the Federal Aviation Administration's medical certification process are-- (1) to provide questions in the medical application form that-- (A) are appropriate without being overly broad; (B) are subject to a minimum amount of misinterpretation and mistaken responses; (C) allow for consistent treatment and responses during the medical application process; and (D) avoid unnecessary allegations that an individual has intentionally falsified answers on the form; (2) to provide questions that elicit information that is relevant to making a determination of an individual's medical qualifications within the standards identified in the Administrator's regulations; (3) to give medical standards greater meaning by ensuring the information requested aligns with present-day medical judgment and practices; and (4)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01082", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00036", "text": ", and market raw forest products in interstate and foreign commerce and to serve other stewardship goals collectively among willing landowners. (b) Study.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall prepare a study of the Northern Forest region to assess-- (1) landowner interest in creating marketing cooperatives; (2) forest-related economic and environmental benefits that enhanced through marketing cooperatives including the development of domestic processing plants, access to professional foresters and forest scientists, biodiversity protection, and long-term sustainability; and (3) barriers to creating marketing cooperative for forest landowners. SEC. 4. PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall, at the request of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, provide technical assistance in working with the forest products industry, forest- dependent communities, interested citizens, and scientists, as appropriate, to define benchmarks of sustainability and establish practical techniques for implementing and monitoring principles of sustainability. (b) Principles of Sustainability.--For the purposes of subsection (a), principles of sustainability may include-- (1) maintenance of soil productivity; (2) conservation of water quality, wetlands, and riparian zones; (3) maintenance or creation of a healthy balance of forest age classes; (4) continuous flow of timber, pulpwood, and other forest products; (5) improvement of the overall quality of the timber resource as a foundation for more value-added opportunities; (6) addressing scenic quality by limiting adverse aesthetic impacts of forest harvesting, particularly in high-elevation areas and vistas; (7) conservation and enhancment of habitats that support a full range of native flora and fauna; (8) protection of unique or fragile natural areas; and (9) continuation of opportunities for traditional recreation. SEC. 5. NORTHERN FOREST RESEARCH COOPERATIVE. The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Northeast Forest Experiment Station and other programs administered by the Chief of the Forest Service, shall cooperate with the States of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, the land grant universities of those States, natural resource and forestry schools, and other interested parties in collecting, coordinating, and promoting-- (1) research at those universities on ecosystem health, forest management, product development, economics, and related fields; (2) forest management practices for use by land managers to maximize multiresource benefits and ecosystem", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01060", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00037", "text": "the 1977 Protocol to that Convention to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering to civilians, as depleted uranium has the potential to cause. (12) The Department of Defense has acknowledged that stocks of depleted uranium munitions have been contaminated with transuranic elements, including plutonium. (13) Plutonium is an extremely toxic, carcinogenic, and radioactive material with a half-life of 4.5 billion years. SEC. 3. PURPOSES. The purposes of this Act are the following: (1) To eliminate health threats from depleted uranium munitions to-- (A) United States military personnel and United States civilian employees; (B) military personnel and employees of NATO member nations; and (C) civilian populations in regions where such munitions were used (whether in conflict, training, or development) or produced. (2) To provide for studies of-- (A) the level and scope of contamination of depleted uranium munitions by plutonium and other transuranic elements; (B) the health effects resulting from exposure by inhalation, ingestion, or injection to depleted uranium munitions; and (C) environmental contamination caused by depleted uranium at sites where depleted uranium was used in conflict, development, testing, or training and at sites where depleted uranium and depleted uranium munitions were produced. (3) To require the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to issue regulations and requirements, based upon Environmental Protection Agency studies, concerning the cleanup and mitigation of depleted uranium contamination at sites of depleted uranium munition use and production in the United States. SEC. 4. SUSPENSION OF USE OF DEPLETED URANIUM MUNITIONS. (a) Suspension of Use.--Effective no later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall direct that all elements of the Department of Defense suspend use of depleted uranium munitions. (b) Duration.--(1) The suspension of use of depleted uranium munitions required by subsection (a) shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Health and Human Services, based upon the results of the study under section 7(a), certifies to the committees specified in paragraph (2) that use of depleted uranium munitions in future conflicts-- (A) will not pose a long-term or residual threat to the health of United States or NATO military personnel; and (B) will not jeopardize the health of civilian populations in the area of such use. (2) The", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00846", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00038", "text": "as part of a data matching program under the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act. (5) Social security number; social security account number.--The terms ``Social Security number'' and ``Social Security account number'' have the meaning given those terms in section 208 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 408). (6) State.--The term ``State'' means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and any territory or possession of the United States. SEC. 4. REGULATION OF THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS AND SOCIAL SECURITY ACCOUNT NUMBERS. (a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or purchase a Social Security number or Social Security account number in a manner that violates a regulation promulgated by the Commission under subsection (b) of this section. (b) Regulations.-- (1) Restrictions authorized.--The Commission, after consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, the Attorney General, and other agencies as the Commission deems appropriate, shall promulgate regulations restricting the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers and any unfair or deceptive acts or practices in connection with the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers. (2) Limitations on restrictions.--In promulgating such regulations, the Commission shall impose restrictions and conditions on the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers that are no broader than necessary-- (A) to provide reasonable assurance that Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers will not be used to commit or facilitate fraud, deception, or crime; and (B) to prevent an undue risk of bodily, emotional, or financial harm to individuals. For purposes of subparagraph (B), the Commission shall consider the nature, likelihood, and severity of the anticipated harm; the nature, likelihood, and extent of any benefits that realized from the sale or purchase of the numbers; and any other relevant factors. (3) Exceptions.--The regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include exceptions which permit the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers-- (A) to the extent necessary for law enforcement or national security purposes; (B) to the extent necessary for public health purposes; (C) to the extent necessary in emergency situations to protect the health or safety of 1", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00967", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00039", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration's drive to wean poor people from government benefits by making them work has been slowed by a federal judge framing a fundamental question: Are poverty programs meant to show tough love or to help the needy? U.S. District Judge James E. Boasberg in Washington last week halted Kentucky's first-in-the-nation experiment with Medicaid work requirements, ruling that the Trump administration glossed over potential coverage losses. He sent the state's plan back to federal authorities for a harder look. The debate goes well beyond Medicaid, the federal-state health program for low-income and disabled people. This spring, President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing cabinet agencies to add or strengthen work requirements for programs including subsidized housing, food stamps and cash welfare. The government's biggest assistance program for low-income people — the Earned Income Tax Credit — is already designed to supplement earnings from work. Boasberg found that \"medical assistance\" is by law a \"central objective\" of Medicaid. While work requirements be allowable if that's what a state wants, \"there may be limits to how much (coverage) loss is too much,\" he wrote. Kentucky's Republican Gov. Matt Bevin wanted to impose work requirements on some 428,000 state residents who got Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act's expansion. Optional for states, the expansion passed under former President Barack Obama covers about 12 million people nationally, mainly adults. Kentucky expanded Medicaid under a Democratic governor. Bevin argues that the cost is unsustainable for his state, even with Washington paying at least 90 percent of the bill, because many more people signed up than initially expected. The state estimated that work requirements would save money, reducing the Medicaid rolls by about 95,000 people over five years. That number got the judge's attention. Boasberg ruled that the federal Health and Human Services department didn't dig deeply enough into the potential coverage losses. The department \"paid no attention to that deprivation,\" he wrote, and \"this oversight is glaring,\" amounting to rubber-stamping the state's request. Although state and federal officials contend that many people leaving Medicaid would find private coverage, Boasberg said there was no hard analysis, no \"bottom-line estimate.\" The ruling seemed to catch the Trump administration unprepared. Seema Verma, head of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, called it \"disappointing.\" The administration may appeal, or it may re-run its evaluation of the Kentucky plan", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00793", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00040", "text": "We report on observations of SN 1006 with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers (XIS) on board Suzaku. We firmly detected K-shell emission from Fe, for the first time, and find that the Fe ionization state is quite low. The broad band spectrum extracted from the southeast of the remnant is well fitted with a model consisting of three optically thin thermal non-equilibrium ionization plasmas and a power-law component. Two of the thermal models are highly overabundant in heavy elements and, hence, are due to ejecta. These components have different ionization parameters: $n_et \\sim 1.4\\times 10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$ s and $n_et \\sim 7.7\\times 10^8$ cm$^{-3}$ s and it is the later one that produces the Fe-K emission. This suggests that Fe has been heated by the reverse shock more recently than the other elements, consistent with a picture where the ejecta are stratified by composition with Fe in the interior. On the other hand, the third thermal component is assumed to be solar abundance, and we associate it with emission from the interstellar medium (ISM). The electron temperature and ionization parameter are $kT_e \\sim $0.5 keV and $n_et \\sim 5.8\\times 10^9$ cm$^{-3}$ s. The electron temperature is lower than that expected from the shock velocity which suggests a lack of collisionless electron heating at the forward shock. The extremely low ionization parameter and extreme non-equilibrium state are due to the low density of the ambient medium.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00304", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00041", "text": "results of the pilot program, including-- (i) a detailed tabulation of the costs to administer the program, including-- (I) total costs for management and administration; (II) total costs to ship vaccines; (III) total number of full-time equivalents allocated to the program; and (IV) total costs to the Strategic National Stockpile; (ii) the number and percentage of eligible emergency response providers, as determined by each pilot location, that volunteer to participate; (iii) the degree to which participants complete the vaccine regimen; (iv) the total number of doses of vaccine administered; and (v) recommendations to improve initial and recurrent participation in the pilot program. (B) Final report.--The final report required under subparagraph (A) shall-- (i) consider whether the pilot program required under this subsection should continue after the date described in subsection (c); and (ii) include-- (I) an analysis of the costs and benefits of continuing the program to provide anthrax vaccines to emergency response providers; (II) an explanation of the economic, health, and other risks and benefits of administering vaccines through the pilot program rather than post-event treatment; and (III) in the case of a recommendation under clause (i) to continue the pilot program after the date described in subsection (c), a plan under which the pilot program continued. (b) Deadline for Implementation.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall begin implementing the pilot program under this section. (c) Sunset.--The authority to carry out the pilot program under this section shall expire on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act. Speaker of the House of Representatives. Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01127", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00042", "text": "Gibson stopped all 37 shots he faced as Minnesota peppered the Ducks net in all three periods, but was shut out at home for just the second time this season. Joseph Cramarossa had the lone goal for the Ducks (30-18-10), while Gibson recorded his fourth shutout of the season. The Wild (37-13-6) had won their previous two meetings of the season vs. Anaheim, but fell behind early and were frustrated by Gibson throughout. Minnesota failed to score on five power plays in the game, coming within an inch of scoring when a long-range slap shot by defenseman Christian Folin hit the inside of the right post, sailed through the crease and to the side boards. Minnesota goalie Devan Dubnyk had 22 saves in the loss. The Ducks took a lead less than five minutes into the game when Cramarossa went hard to the net and was rewarded. Streaking down the right side, Corey Perry took a sharp angle shot that Dubnyk stopped, but produced a rebound he couldn't control. Cramarossa, who'd gotten to the top of the crease, slapped the loose puck home before the goalie could react. It was Cramarossa's first goal in more than a month. Minnesota had the first two power plays of the game and out-shot Anaheim 13-8 in the opening period, but could not solve Gibson. The Wild got two more power plays in the second period, and were thoroughly dominant throughout, out-shooting the Ducks 16-4. But Gibson repeatedly thwarted the Minnesota scoring chances. It was the first shutout in more than a month for Gibson, who blanked Dallas on Jan. 10, and the win allowed Anaheim to close its six-game road trip with a 2-3-1 mark. Anaheim lost top-line left winger Antoine Vermette with 12:27 to play in the third period after he was ejected for slashing linesman Shandor Alphonso. NOTES: The Wild assigned F Tyler Graovac to Iowa of the American Hockey League after he cleared waivers. In 45 games with the NHL club this season, he has six goals. With his 6-foot-5 frame, there was some thought that he be claimed by another team this close to the trade deadline but instead headed back to the minors.... Ducks RW Jared Boll was a healthy scratch for the fourth time in Anaheim's last", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00595", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00043", "text": "cracker. The ethereal twinkling sound in the Sugar Plum Fairy's solo comes from the celesta, a rare instrument Tchaikovsky heard in France. \"He had one sent to him essentially in secret,\" says Fullington. Balanchine was given a budget of $40,000 for his 1954 premiere and, according to Aloff, he spent $25,000 on the Christmas tree alone. When asked if he could do without the tree Balanchine responded, \"[The ballet] is the tree.\" Today, New York City Ballet's tree weighs one ton and can reach a full height of 41 feet. 1892 \"Nutcracker\" costume sketch by Ivan Vsevolozhsky of the Sugar Plum Fairy's retinue. Courtesy Peter Koppers. Choreographic notations suggest that the Cavalier's variation was originally danced by a retinue of eight female fairies representing things like fruit, flowers and dreams. According to Fullington, Pavel Gerdt, the dancer who created the role, was too old to dance the variation himself. NYCB's Brittany Pollack and Chase Finlay in the grand pas de deux toe slide. Photo by Paul Kolnik, Courtesy New York City Ballet. In Balanchine's grand pas de deux, the lead ballerina holds an arabesque while gliding across the stage on pointe, pulled by her gallant prince. According to Fullington, Balanchine took this slide from Ivanov's original choreography. The Sugar Plum Fairy's prince's original name was \"Prince Coqueluche.\" Meaning \"whooping cough\" in French, it referred to a lozenge candy. NYCB's Unity Phelan and Silas Farley in Karinska's Hot Chocolate costumes. Photo by Paul Kolnik, Courtesy New York City Ballet.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 371, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00502", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00044", "text": "Splitting trees are those random trees where individuals give birth at constant rate during a lifetime with general distribution, to i.i.d. copies of themselves. The width process of a splitting tree is then a binary, homogeneous Crump--Mode--Jagers (CMJ) process, and is not Markovian unless the lifetime distribution is exponential. Here, we allow the birth rate to be infinite, that is, pairs of birth times and lifespans of newborns form a Poisson point process along the lifetime of their mother, with infinite intensity measure. A splitting tree is a random (so-called) chronological tree. Each element of a chronological tree is a (so-called) existence point $(v,\\tau)$ of some individual $v$ (vertex) in a discrete tree, where $\\tau$ is a nonnegative real number called chronological level (time). We introduce a total order on existence points, called linear order, and a mapping $\\varphi$ from the tree into the real line which preserves this order. The inverse of $\\varphi$ is called the exploration process, and the projection of this inverse on chronological levels the contour process. For splitting trees truncated up to level $\\tau$, we prove that thus defined contour process is a L\\'evy process reflected below $\\tau$ and killed upon hitting 0. This allows to derive properties of (i) splitting trees: conceptual proof of Le Gall--Le Jan's theorem in the finite variation case, exceptional points, coalescent point process, age distribution; (ii) CMJ processes: one-dimensional marginals, conditionings, limit theorems, asymptotic numbers of individuals with infinite vs finite descendances.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00081", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00045", "text": "we all thank you. Thank you very much. We heard about Americans like firefighter David Dahlberg. He's here with us, also. David faced down walls of flame to rescue almost 60 children trapped at a California summer camp threatened by those devastating wildfires. To everyone still recovering in Texas, Florida, Louisiana, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, everywhere, we are with you, we love you, and we always will pull through together always. Thank you to David and the brave people of California. Thank you very much, David. Great job. Some trials over the past year touched this chamber very personally. With us tonight is one of the toughest people ever to serve in this House, a guy who took a bullet, almost died, and was back to work three-and-a-half months later, the legend from Louisiana, Congressman Steve Scalise. they like you, Steve. We're incredibly grateful for the heroic efforts of the Capitol Police officers, the Alexandria Police, and the doctors, nurses, and paramedics who saved his life and the lives of many others, some in this room. In the aftermath — yes. Yes. In the aftermath of that terrible shooting, we came together, not as Republicans or Democrats, but as representatives of the people. But it is not enough to come together only in times of tragedy. Tonight, I call upon all of us to set aside our differences, to seek out common ground, and to summon the unity we need to deliver for the people. This is really the key. These are the people we were elected to serve. Thank you. Over the last year, the world has seen what we always knew: that no people on Earth are so fearless, or daring, or determined as Americans. If there is a mountain, we climb it. If there's a frontier, we cross it. If there's a challenge, we tame it. If there's an opportunity, we seize it. So let's begin tonight by recognizing that the state of our union is strong because our people are strong. And together we are building a safe, strong, and proud America. Since the election, we have created 2.4 million new jobs, including... including 200,000 new jobs in manufacturing alone. Tremendous number. After years and years of wage stagnation, we are finally seeing rising wages. Unemployment claims have hit a 45-year low. And something I'm very proud of, African-American unemployment stands", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00705", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00046", "text": "success in paperwork reduction is the Office of Management and Budget's systematic review of every new and revised agency paperwork proposal. Recent statutory exemptions from that office's review responsibility, especially those without any stated justification, should be removed. (5) In 2000, researchers Mark Crain of George Mason University and Thomas Hopkins of the Rochester Institute of Technology, in their October 2001 publication titled ``The Impact of Regulatory Costs on Small Firms'', estimated that Americans spend $843 billion annually to comply with Federal regulations. Congress has a responsibility to review major rules (as defined by section 804 of title 5, United States Code) proposed by agencies, especially regulatory alternatives and the costs and benefits associated with each of them. In 2000, in the Truth in Regulating Act, Congress established new responsibility within the General Accounting Office to assist Congress with this responsibility. (6) In 1996, because of the increasing costs and incompletely estimated benefits of Federal rules and paperwork, Congress required the Office of Management and Budget for the first time to submit an annual report to Congress on the total costs and benefits to the public of Federal rules and paperwork requirements, including an assessment of the effects of Federal rules on the private sector and State and local governments. In 1998, Congress changed the annual report's due date to coincide with the due date of the President's budget, so that Congress and the public given an opportunity to simultaneously review both the on-budget and off-budget costs associated with the regulatory and paperwork requirements of each Federal agency. In 2000, Congress made this a permanent annual reporting requirement. (7) The Office of Management and Budget requires agencies to submit annual budget and paperwork burden estimates in order to prepare certain required reports for Congress, but it does not require agencies to submit estimates on costs and benefits of agency rules and paperwork. The Office of Management and Budget needs to require agencies to submit such estimates on costs and benefits to help prepare the annual accounting statement and associated report required under section 624 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2001. SEC. 3. REDUCTION OF TAX PAPERWORK. Section 3504 of title 44, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(i) In carrying out subsection (c)(3), the Director shall (in consultation with the Internal Revenue Service and the Office of Tax Policy of the Department of the Treasury and the Office of Advocacy", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01044", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00047", "text": "If you think your job is more stressful than it should be, you're not alone. Americans work hard, and it takes a physical and mental toll, not to mention that it frequently cuts into personal time, according to a comprehensive survey on working conditions the nonpartisan RAND Corporation published Monday. But having a good boss and good friends on the job can make work feel less taxing. In 2015, RAND researchers, along with Harvard Medical School and the University of California, Los Angeles, began collecting data from over 3,000 people from all income and education levels who work or have worked in all types of jobs. What they discovered about how we work may help inform policymakers looking to grow the economy and employers looking to retain the best workers. This kind of data, examining workplace conditions in the U.S., has not been collected for decades. \"We have excellent data on wages, on training... but we don't know much about the conditions of work,\" says Nicole Maestas, an economist and associate health care policy professor at Harvard Medical School who is the lead researcher on this study. What the researchers found was that more than 1 in 4 Americans surveyed say they don't have enough time to do their jobs, with about half of Americans reporting that they do some work in their free time. This was most prevalent among white-collar workers. Two-thirds of all workers say they frequently work under tight deadlines or at high speed. In addition, 1 in 5 reported experiencing verbal abuse, threats, humiliating behavior or unwanted sexual attention at work in the past month; or they experienced bullying, harassment or sexual harassment in the past year. \"One thing that really struck me was the high prevalence of hostile social interactions at work,\" says Maestas. Her survey found that while such interactions were seen across the board, verbal abuse was much more common in customer service jobs and experienced at the highest rates among men who did not graduate from college. Younger women and women of \"prime age,\" defined in the survey as ages 35-49, experienced the most unwanted sexual attention. But people who have \"good\" bosses — or bosses who respect them, praise them, work with them and give feedback — were less to have workers who reported verbal or physical threats, Maestra notes. \"bad bosses are part of the problem,\" she says, when it comes to a hostile work environment. American workers feel, by and large, that they have a reasonable amount", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00659", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00048", "text": "ERIN, Wis. (AP) — One of the many quirks at Erin Hills is what was originally called the Bye Hole — a devilish, downhill par-3 positioned between the old ninth and No. 10. It was initially built to be just for fun and wasn't supposed to count on the official scorecard. By the end of the U.S. Open, a lot of these players wish the course architects had kept it that way. The old ninth hole is now No. 8, and the Bye Hole is now No. 9. The 135-yard par-3 is what the makers of Erin Hills consider their answer to one of the world's most picturesque golf holes — the short, downhill seventh at Pebble Beach. \"We didn't have the ocean, so we put in erosion bunkers,\" said writer/architect Ron Whitten, who helped design Erin Hills. They also designed a rolling, multi-sectioned green that, in places, is near-impossible to hold, along with a tee box on an exposed, wind-swept hill. As is the case at Pebble Beach, where the seventh measures 109 yards, on most days the shot requires nothing more than a pitching wedge. But where No. 7 at Pebble Beach ranked as the third-easiest hole at the 2010 U.S. Open, No. 9 at Erin Hills is designed to cause more trouble than that. \"Honestly, there are a couple spots where you just do not want to be,\" said Garrett Osborn, a onetime regular on the Web.com Tour who qualified for his first U.S. Open this year. No. 9 has been described — and we'll keep it just to the printable things — as the shortest par-5 in golf, the hole with the scariest second shot at Erin Hills (if you miss the green on the first) and, as Alex Noren of Sweden said, \"a hole where there's no way you can just hit a decent shot to get on there, you have to hit a super-good shot to have a chance.\" During his practice round Wednesday, Noren tried to simulate what happens if the shot is not \"super good.\" He randomly dropped a ball in one of the seven bunkers that surround the severely pitched green. He stepped in, leaned down and took a mighty hack. The ball stayed in. He leaned down again and got it out on the second try", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00717", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00049", "text": "Git is the largest revision control and collaboration system available for development. Git has replaced larger, more costly systems across the globe and has become the de facto standard tool for coders. But for some companies, small or large, housing code on a third-party cloud storage service be a no-go. If that's the case, the only solution is in-house. For some, that means setting up a server and running a Git repository for the housing of proprietary or open source code. However, for some companies (especially those on the smaller side), having the resources (and time) to set up a server dedicated for Git storage may not be an option. That being the case, what do you do? Fortunately there's a solution, one that's incredibly simple. Said solution is Gitstorage, an easy-to-deploy appliance dedicated to housing your Git repositories. Each appliance is a single board computer (based on the Raspberry Pi). The device is smaller than a credit card, has no moving parts, generates no heat, is wall-mountable, is powered by a standard USB (or included mini USB), and offers a standard ethernet connection. The full specs are: Dimensions - 3.44\" × 2.93\" × 1.28\" (87.4 mm × 74.3 mm × 32.5 mm) Weight - 2.08 oz (59 g) Wall mount - 4 screws Ambient temperature - 32 °F - 104 °F (0 °C - 40 °C) Memory capacity - 16 GB (GS-16) 64 GB (GS-64) Storage for git repos - 10.6 GB (GS-16) 58.6 GB (GS-64) Certifications - CE, FCC Processor - H2 quadcore Cortex-A7 with 512 MB RAM Power supply - Standard USB Connectors - 1 × 10/100 MBit/s Ethernet, USB-A, Power (USB Micro-B) Web interface languages - English (US), French, German Price (MSRP) - $399 USD (GS-16) $499 USD (GS-64) But how well does the Gitstorage appliance work? Is it really that easy to deploy? Let's deploy one and find out. SEE: How to build a successful developer career (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Setup The setup of the Gitstorage is remarkably simple: Unpack the box. Plug the device into your", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00508", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00050", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Elder Justice Reauthorization Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) According to the American Journal of Public Health, at least 10 percent of older Americans experience elder abuse. (2) Victims of elder financial abuse are estimated to lose at least $2.9 billion a year. (3) Victims of elder abuse are three times more to end up in a hospital and four times more to end up in a nursing home than nonvictims. (4) Adult protective services which operate in all 50 States to help prevent elder abuse and investigate cases have no dedicated Federal funding or any designated Federal agency home. (5) Underreporting of elder abuse cases, especially financial abuse, remains a major issue combined with a dearth of comprehensive and reliable data which collectively leads to a vast underestimation of the real amount of elder abuse in the Nation. (6) Differences in State laws and practices in the areas of abuse, neglect, and exploitation of older adults lead to significant disparities in prevention, protective and social services, treatment systems, and law enforcement, and lead to other inequities. (7) Starting with the 1974 enactment of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, the Federal Government has played an important role in promoting research, training, public safety, data collection, the identification, development, and dissemination of promising health care, social, and protective services, and law enforcement practices, relating to child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, and violence against women. The Federal Government should promote similar efforts and protections relating to elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation. (8) The Federal Government should provide leadership to assist States and communities in their efforts to prevent elder abuse, including the promotion of coordinated planning between all levels of government and nongovernment entities and generating and sharing knowledge relevant to protecting elders. (9) The problem of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation requires a comprehensive approach that-- (A) recognizes the statutory role of State and local adult protective services and long-term care ombudsman programs to respond to elder abuse; (B) integrates the work of health, legal, and social service agencies and organizations; (C) emphasizes the need for prevention, detection, reporting, investigation, assessment and treatment, and prosecution of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation at all levels of government; (D) ensures that sufficient numbers", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01145", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00051", "text": "the leave described in clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) before being allowed to use paid parental leave described in clause (i) of such subparagraph. ``(D) Additional rules.--Paid parental leave under subparagraph (B)(i)-- ``(i) shall be payable from any appropriation or fund available for salaries or expenses for positions with employers described in section 101(4)(A)(iv); and ``(ii) if not used by the employee of such employers before the end of the 12-month period (as referred to in subsection (a)(1)) to which it relates, shall not accumulate for any subsequent use.''. SEC. 5. STUDY. (a) In General.--Not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Government Accountability Office shall study and submit to Congress a written report on the feasibility and desirability of providing an insurance benefit to Federal employees which affords partial or total wage replacement with respect to periods of qualified leave. (b) Period of Qualified Leave.--For purposes of this section, the term ``period of qualified leave'', as used with respect to a Federal employee, means any period of leave under section 6382 of title 5, United States Code, which would otherwise be leave without pay, and which is available by reason of-- (1) the need to care for the spouse or a son, daughter, or parent of the employee having a serious health condition; or (2) a serious health condition affecting the employee that renders such employee unable to perform the functions of the employee's position. (c) Matters for Inclusion.--The report shall include, at a minimum, the following: (1) A brief description of any plans or arrangements under which similar benefits are currently provided to employees in this country (within the private sector or State or local government) or in other countries. (2) With respect to any plans or arrangements under which such benefits are currently provided to private or public sector employees in this country-- (A) the portion or percentage of wages typically replaced; (B) how those benefits are generally funded, including in terms of the employer and employee shares; (C) whether employee coverage is optional or automatic; and (D) any waiting period or other conditions which may apply. (3) Identification and assessment of any plans or arrangements described under the preceding provisions of this subsection (or any aspects thereof) which be particularly relevant to designing the insurance benefit (described", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00936", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00052", "text": "We have investigated the optical thickness of the coronal plasma through the analysis of high-resolution X-ray spectra of a large sample of active stars observed with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on Chandra. In particular, we probed for the presence of significant resonant scattering in the strong Lyman series lines arising from hydrogen-like oxygen and neon ions. The active RS CVn-type binaries II Peg and IM Peg and the single M dwarf EV Lac show significant optical depth. For these active coronae, the Lya/Lyb ratios are significantly depleted as compared with theoretical predictions and with the same ratios observed in similar active stars. Interpreting these decrements in terms of resonance scattering of line photons out of the line-of-sight, we are able to derive an estimate for the typical size of coronal structures, and from these we also derive estimates of coronal filling factors. For all three sources we find that the both the photon path length as a fraction of the stellar radius, and the implied surface filling factors are very small and amount to a few percent at most. The measured Lya/Lyb ratios are in good agreement with APED theoretical predictions, thus indicating negligible optical depth, for the other sources in our sample. We discuss the implications for coronal structuring and heating flux requirements. For the stellar sample as a whole, the data suggest increasing quenching of Lya relative to Lyb as function of both L_x/L_bol and the density-sensitive MgXI forbidden to intercombination line ratio, as generally be expected.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 310, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00300", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00053", "text": "on any survey item, and one of the largest single-year changes in opinion that we've seen over the 11-year history of the survey,\" Martin West, the editor in chief of EducationNext, said on a press conference call. The wording of the question — about the formation of charter schools — may hold a clue. In theory, it be possible to have very positive feelings about the charter schools currently in your community, yet still oppose new ones. And the expansion of charters is exactly what communities around the country have been fighting over. Last year the NAACP and Black Lives Matter called for a moratorium on the growth of charter schools (the NAACP called more recently for a ban on for-profit management of these schools). The state of Massachusetts saw a bruising fight over its charter cap. Detroit's proliferation of charters has been labeled \"a glut\" and \"chaos.\" And charter expansion was the central issue in the school board race in Los Angeles, one of the biggest public school districts in the country. The nationally representative poll breaks down respondents by political party, and there's a clear partisan divide on many issues, even as public opinion shifts. Last year, for example, 57 percent of Democrats favored universal vouchers, against 45 percent of Republicans. This year they've switched places: 62 percent of Republicans like them and only 50 percent of Democrats agree. Zeroing in on that political divide, pollsters also measured what they called the \"Trump effect.\" That is, how do responses change when some people are told that the president supports or opposes a particular issue? They found that self-identified Republicans are more to support an issue if they are informed that Trump also supports it, while Democrats are the opposite. However, Trump's net influence is nearly nil, which makes him less of a force than President Obama was in this poll in 2009. Back then, when respondents on all sides were told the new President supported an education issue, they were more to back it, by double digits. This poll, then, serves as a snapshot of what some have called the breakdown of a long-standing bipartisan consensus on education that dated back to No Child Left Behind. Still, there is one enduring issue where blue- and red-state opinions are near-identical: approval of the local public schools. 55 percent of Republicans and 54 percent of Democrats give local schools a B or an A.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 488, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00640", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00054", "text": "Pullman National Historical Park; (2) preserving and interpreting for the benefit of future generations the role of Pullman in the creation of the world's first national Labor Day holiday; (3) coordinating preservation, protection, and interpretation efforts by Federal, State, or local governmental entities, and/or private and nonprofit organizations; and (4) coordinating appropriate management options needed to ensure the protection, preservation, and interpretation of the many significant aspects of the site. (b) Boundaries.--The boundaries of Pullman National Historical Park should reflect and not exceed the boundaries of the Pullman Historic District in Chicago, which is between 103rd Street on the north, 115th Street on the south, Cottage Grove Avenue on the west, and the Norfolk & Western Rail Line on the east. The area encompasses about 300 acres. The National Park Service would initially own only the Pullman Factory Complex, including the Administration/Clock Tower Building and rear erecting shops and the approximately 13 acres of land on which the structures sit, which would be conveyed to the National Park Service by the State of Illinois. All future land, buildings, and assets transferred to the Federal Government by donation, transfer, or exchange only. SEC. 4. ADMINISTRATION. (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Interior shall administer Pullman National Historical Park in accordance with-- (1) this Act; and (2) the laws generally applicable to units of the National Park System, including-- (A) the National Park Service Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 1 et seq.); and (B) the Act of August 21, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.). Additionally, nothing in this law modifies any authority of the United States to carry out Federal laws on Federal land located within the Park. (b) Cooperative Agreements.--The Secretary may also enter into cooperative agreements with the State or other public and non-public parties, under which the Secretary may identify, interpret, and provide assistance for the preservation of non-Federal properties within the Park (and at sites in close proximity to the Park but outside boundaries), including providing for placement of directional and interpretive signage, exhibits, and technology-based interpretive devices. (c) Land and Property Acquisition.--All land, buildings, structures, or interests in land owned by the State or any other political, private, or non-profit entity may be acquired by the Federal Government by donation, transfer,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00901", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00055", "text": "the one that we already have.\" The upside is obvious. The Pistons have been mediocre for most of the past decade, but they've never picked higher than seventh in the draft during that period. Detroit isn't considered a major free agent destination, so if the Pistons were going to acquire a player like Griffin, this was one way to do it. Griffin agreed to a $171 million, five-year deal with the Clippers in July, so Detroit can keep him for a while, albeit at a prohibitive cost. \"Everybody can view that differently. 'Oh wow, you're locked into 140 million dollars-plus.' Yeah, but he's locked into us too, as one of the best players in the league,\" Van Gundy said. The 28-year-old Griffin has averaged 21.6 points, 9.3 rebounds and 4.2 assists in his career, and he and the 24-year-old Drummond a formidable frontcourt tandem. Van Gundy acknowledged that the NBA has become more perimeter oriented, but he says there is value in trying to build a different type of team. \"Like the Tampa Bay Rays in baseball. Everybody wanted power hitting and on-base percentage. They couldn't get that. What did they go do? They went and built it on relief pitching and defense, and were very, very competitive for years,\" Van Gundy said. \"So we're not in a situation where we can be that choosy, and we can't necessarily go and try to do it the same way as everybody else.\" The question is whether Griffin can stay healthy. The Clippers drafted him first overall in 2009, but he missed the 2009-10 season after surgery on his broken left kneecap. He also missed 21 games last season and 47 in 2015-16. If Griffin isn't able to stay on the court, that big contract will become quite a burden for the Pistons — and even if he is healthy, Detroit may need to be creative to build a capable supporting cast around him and Drummond. Van Gundy already suggested that it will be hard for the Pistons to make another major move before this year's trade deadline next week. \"If you look at our roster, and the fact that we gave up a pick and the whole thing, we don't have a ton of assets now to really do anything major,\" he said. \"But it doesn't mean something couldn't come up.\" No", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00752", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00056", "text": "TAIPEI (Taiwan News) – The month of May has come to a close, as people throughout Taiwan prepare for the true summer heat to begin. But don’t let the high temperatures keep you indoors, because there is plenty to keep you occupied and entertained in the first week of June. Here is a list of events we think readers enjoy around Taipei from June 1- June 8. Festivals and Exhibitions The Taipei Literature Film Festival begins on May 31 and continues until June 14. The festival will feature a variety of events and lectures on some of the most iconic performers, authors and directors of the 20 th century. In addition to an incredible list of films being screened there are also special lectures (in Chinese) planned for Saturday and Sunday. A celebration of art, music and creativity is taking place on Saturday June 2 and Sunday June 3. The ACID EFKT Festival will take place at the Grassroots space (120草原自治區 Grassroots) on Linsen North rd. There will be live music performances, along with opportunities to learn and practice arts and crafts at various skill workshops. If you’ve got the creative itch and want to join an exciting social event with like minds, be sure to check out the event, which is scheduled to run from Noon until midnight both days this weekend. The Graduate Institute of Fine Arts departments at Taipei National University of the Arts will be hosting an art exhibition from June 1 to June 10 entitle “Difference and Identity: Contemporary Cross Cultural Encounter through Arts.” The goal is to explore identity and cross-cultural communication through art. The exhibition is being held at the Beitou Public Assembly Hall (北投公民會館). An opening reception for the event will take place from 5:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. on Friday June 1. Check the Event page for more information. Food and Market Events Both days this weekend, June 2-3 the Carousel Market group (Carousell 旋轉拍賣) is hosting one of their amazing second hand market and auction events. Vendors will bring their used items, and collections of all sorts of goodies. Guests at the event can barter or trade with vendors or join special auction activities. The event starts at 1 p.m. on Saturday on Choushan rd. near the Library of National Taiwan University. If you are a photography buff, or just like exploring niche markets", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00754", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00057", "text": "the United States Information Agency for fiscal year 1995, up to $1,000,000 is authorized to be available for programs to carry out the objectives of subsection (a). (2) In addition to such amounts as may otherwise be made available for broadcasting to China for fiscal year 1995, of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for international broadcasting for fiscal year 1995, an additional $5,000,000 may be used for broadcasting to China. SEC. 5. INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS. It is the sense of Congress that, in the event that international humanitarian organizations undertake activities in China related to the treatment of prisoners, the President should make available an additional contribution to those organizations to support such activities. SEC. 6. PRINCIPLES TO GOVERN THE ACTIVITIES OF UNITED STATES BUSINESS IN CHINA. (a) In General.--Congress endorses President Clinton's efforts to work with the leaders of the United States business community to develop voluntary principles that adapted by United States companies doing business in China to further advance human rights and commends United States companies that have previously adopted such principles or are considering taking such action. (b) Other Countries.--Congress urges the President to encourage other governments to adopt similar principles to govern the activities of their business organizations with activities in China. SEC. 7. PERIODIC REPORTS. Not more than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually for the 2 subsequent years, the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, a report (in a classified form in whole or in part as necessary) which reviews for the preceding 12-month period those activities supported by the United States Government to promote the objectives stated in section 4(a). SEC. 8. COMMISSION ON LAW AND SOCIETY IN CHINA. The President is authorized to establish a United States commission on law and society in the People's Republic of China to undertake the following responsibilities and such other duties as the President considers appropriate: (1) To monitor developments in China with respect to the following: (A) The development of the Chinese legal system. (B) The emergence of civil society. (C) The development of institutions that provide humane and effective governance. (2) To engage in an ad hoc dialogue with Chinese individuals and nongovernmental organizations who have an interest in", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00904", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00058", "text": "We considered diffusion-driven processes on small-world networks with distance-dependent random links. The study of diffusion on such networks is motivated by transport on randomly folded polymer chains, synchronization problems in task-completion networks, and gradient driven transport on networks. Changing the parameters of the distance-dependence, we found a rich phase diagram, with different transient and recurrent phases in the context of random walks on networks. We performed the calculations in two limiting cases: in the annealed case, where the rearrangement of the random links is fast, and in the quenched case, where the link rearrangement is slow compared to the motion of the random walker or the surface. It has been well-established that in a large class of interacting systems, adding an arbitrarily small density of, long-range, quenched random links to a regular lattice interaction topology, will give rise to mean-field (or annealed) like behavior. In some cases, however, mean-field scaling breaks down, such as in diffusion or in the Edwards-Wilkinson process in \"low-dimensional\" small-world networks. This break-down can be understood by treating the random links perturbatively, where the mean-field (or annealed) prediction appears as the lowest-order term of a naive perturbation expansion. The asymptotic analytic results are also confirmed numerically by employing exact numerical diagonalization of the network Laplacian. Further, we construct a finite-size scaling framework for the relevant observables, capturing the cross-over behaviors in finite networks. This work provides a detailed account of the self-consistent-perturbative and renormalization approaches briefly introduced in two earlier short reports.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 325, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00066", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00059", "text": "NGC 7679 is a nearby luminous infrared Sy2 galaxy in which starburst and AGN activities co-exist. The ionization structure is maintained by both the AGN power-law continuum and starburst. The galaxy is a bright X-ray source possessing a low X-ray column density N_H < 4 x 10^20 cm^{-2}. The Compton-thin nature of such unabsorbed objects infers that the simple formulation of the Unified model for SyGs is not applicable in their case. The main goal of this article is to investigate both gas distribution and ionization structure in the circumnuclear region of NGC 7679 in search for the presence of a hidden Sy1 nucleus, using the [O III] 5007 luminosity as a tracer of AGN activity. The [O III] 5007 image of the NGC 7679 shows elliptical isophotes extended along the PA ~ 80 deg in the direction to the counterpart galaxy NGC 7682. The maximum of ionization by the AGN power-law continuum traced by [O III] 5007/Halpha ratio is displaced by ~ 13 arcsec eastward from the nucleus. We conclude that the dust and gas in the high ionization direction has a direct view to the central AGN engine. This results in dust/star-formation decay. A large fraction of the unabsorbed Compton-thin Sy2s with [O III] luminosity > 10^41 erg s^{-1} possesses a hidden AGN source (abridged).", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00012", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00060", "text": "We present photometry with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of stars in the Magellanic starburst galaxy NGC 4449. The galaxy has been imaged in the F435W (B), F555W (V) and F814W (I) broad-band filters, and in the F658N (Halpha) narrow-band filter. Our photometry includes ~300,000 objects in the (B, V) color-magnitude diagram (CMD) down to V < 28, and ~400,000 objects in the (V, I) CMD, down to I < 27 . A subsample of ~200,000 stars has been photometrized in all the three bands simultaneously. The features observed in the CMDs imply a variety of stellar ages up to at least 1 Gyr, and as old as a Hubble time. The spatial variation of the CMD morphology and of the red giant branch colors point toward the presence of an age gradient: young and intermediate-age stars tend to be concentrated toward the galactic center, while old stars are present everywhere. The spatial variation in the average luminosity of carbon stars suggests that there is not a strong metallicity gradient (< 0.2 dex). Also, we detect an interesting resolved star cluster on the West side of the galaxy, surrounded by a symmetric tidal or spiral feature consisting of young stars. The positions of the stars in NGC 4449 younger than 10 Myr are strongly correlated with the Halpha emission. We derive the distance of NGC 4449 from the tip of the red giant branch to be D=3.82 \\pm 0.27 Mpc. This result is in agreement with the distance that we derive from the luminosity of the carbon stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00439", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00061", "text": "Milashina spoke to the Washington Post on Friday from an undisclosed location outside of Moscow, where she lived and worked until recently. During the interview she said: Advertisement Advertisement Now I will leave the country for a while, too. It doesn’t matter that Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov announced clearly that journalists are under the Kremlin’s protection and that no one can kill them for their professional duty. The threat still exists. So, I will just live for a while in another country. Still working on Chechnya—I can come from this country to the region. I have a lot of sources, and I have a lot of information. I will continue my work. Milashina said and her colleagues are on alert because of a jihad threatened against the staff of Novaya Gazeta during a meeting of 15,000 people at a Chechen mosque. She explained: Not just me, but all the people working at the newspaper are now in danger, because this was a clear jihad message. We will persecute you for tarnishing the honor of the Chechen nation, this nasty thing that you said. There are gays among Chechen people? We will persecute you until the last person at Novaya Gazeta dies. It’s unbelievable. It reminds us of the situation with Charlie Hebdo. According to Milashina, though Novaya Gazeta has written about Chechnya for years, none of its stories have elicited such a strong response. Journalist Anna Politkovskaya covered Chechnya for the paper for years before she was murdered in 2006. Sponsored Milashina said around 100 people have escaped Chechnya because of the witch hunt, though how many remain is uncertain. To the Post, she also criticized Russia’s apparent apathy regarding the treatment of gay men in Chechnya:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 368, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00676", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00062", "text": "SEATTLE (AP) — The Latest on courts blocking the president's efforts to keep transgender people from enlisting in the military (all times local): 5:20 p.m. A third federal judge has blocked President Donald Trump's ban on transgender people joining the military. U.S. District Judge Marsha Pechman issued her ruling Monday in a case brought by several plaintiffs, including a soldier based in Washington state and two young men who hope to enlist. Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson also intervened in the case to challenge Trump's policy. Pechman found that the ban violates the plaintiffs' rights to due process and to equal protection under the law without advancing any government interest. She also said it would harm the state's efforts to protect its residents from discrimination. Pechman blocked the government from imposing the ban pending further proceedings. Judges in Maryland and Washington, D.C., also have ruled against the ban. It had been due to take effect Jan. 1. ___ 8:10 a.m. The Pentagon official tells The Associated Press that transgender people can enlist in the military beginning Jan. 1, despite President Donald Trump's opposition. The new policy reflects growing legal pressure on the issue and the difficult hurdles the federal government would have to cross to enforce Trump's demand to ban transgender individuals from the military. Two federal courts already have ruled against the ban. Potential transgender recruits will have to overcome a lengthy and strict set of physical, medical and mental conditions that make it possible, though difficult, for them to join the armed services. Maj. David Eastburn says the enlistment of transgender recruits will start Jan. 1 and go on amid the legal battles. The Department of Defense also is studying the issue.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00829", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00063", "text": "In the peripheral nervous system, utrophin and the short dystrophin isoform (Dp116) are co-localized at the outermost layer of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers; together with the dystroglycan complex. In peripheral nerve, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) creates a 30 kDa fragment of beta-dystroglycan, leading to a disruption of the link between the extracellular matrix and the cell membrane. Here we asked if the processing of the beta-dystroglycan could influence the anchorage of Dp116 or/and utrophin in normal and mdx Schwann cell membrane. We showed that MMP-9 was more activated in mdx nerve than in wild-type one. This activation leads to an accumulation of the 30 kDa beta-dystroglycan isoform and have an impact on the anchorage of Dp116 and utrophin isoforms in mdx Schwann cells membrane. Our results showed that Dp116 had greater affinity to the full length form of beta-dystroglycan than the 30 kDa form. Moreover, we showed for the first time that the short isoform of utrophin (Up71) was over-expressed in mdx Schwann cells compared to wild-type. In addition, this utrophin isoform (Up71) to have greater affinity to the 30 kDa beta-dystroglycan which could explain a more stabilization of this 30 kDa at the membrane compartment. Our results highlight the potential participation of the short utrophin isoform and the cleaved form of beta-dystroglycan in mdx Schwann cell membrane architecture.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00087", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00064", "text": "We report precise Doppler measurements of GJ317 (M3.5V) that reveal the presence of a planet with a minimum mass Msini = 1.2 Mjup in an eccentric, 692.9 day orbit. GJ317 is only the third M dwarf with a Doppler-detected Jovian planet. The residuals to a single-Keplerian fit show evidence of a possible second orbital companion. The inclusion of an additional Jupiter-mass planet (P = 2700 days, Msini = 0.83 Mjup) improves the quality of fit significantly, reducing the rms from 12.5 m/s to 6.32 m/s. A false-alarm test yields a 1.1% probability that the curvature in the residuals of the single-planet fit is due to random fluctuations, lending additional credibility to the two-planet model. However, our data only marginally constrain a two-planet fit and further monitoring is necessary to fully characterize the properties of the second planet. To study the effect of stellar mass on Jovian planet occurrence we combine our samples of M stars, Solar-mass dwarfs and intermediate-mass subgiants. We find a positive correlation between stellar mass and the occurrence rate of Jovian planets within 2.5 AU; the former A-type stars in our sample are nearly 5 times more than the M dwarfs to harbor a giant planet. Our analysis shows that the correlation between Jovian planet occurrence and stellar mass remains even after accounting for the effects of stellar metallicity.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00364", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00065", "text": "MONTREAL (AP) — U.S. Trade Rep. Robert Lighthizer said Monday talks to rewrite the North American Free Trade Agreement are progressing very slowly. Lighthizer said the U.S. views NAFTA as a \"very important agreement\" and said the sixth round of talks between Canada, the United States and Mexico, which concluded Monday, were a \"step forward.\" \"Some real headway was made here,\" Lighthizer said. \"We're committed to moving forward.' President Donald Trump called NAFTA a job-killing \"disaster\" on the campaign trail and has threatened to withdraw from the 24-year-old pact if he can't get what he wants. Lighthizer said there will be another round in Mexico in late February and said core issues are starting to be discussed. The negotiators had originally hoped to reach an agreement before Mexico's July presidential election and U.S. midterms turn up the political pressure. One of the main sticking points in the latest rounds of negotiations has been the Trump administration's position on rules of origin for auto parts. The US is calling for any new agreement to include a proviso stipulating that North American-made car parts must constitute 85 percent of new vehicles in order to avoid tariffs, with 50 percent originating in the United States. Canada's proposal would take elements such as research and development and intellectual property into account in those calculations. Lighthizer, however, called the idea \"vague.\" \"We find that the automobile rules of origin idea that was presented, when analyzed, may lead to less regional content than we have now, fewer jobs in the United States, Canada and Mexico,\" he said. \"So this is the opposite of what we are trying to do.\" Still, Lighthizer said the fact that Canada is willing to discuss core issues like auto parts is encouraging. \"Now they're starting to realize that we have to begin to talk. And that's a reason for guarded optimism,\" he said. Lighthizer said the Trump administration's goal coming out of the negotiations is to boost the number of manufacturing jobs in the United States, either by encouraging new investment or by bringing back jobs that had moved to Mexico.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 441, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00699", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00066", "text": "and integration; (E) the role of community-based organizations in serving refugees in areas experiencing a high number of new refugee arrivals; (F) how community-based organizations can be better utilized and supported in the Federal domestic resettlement process; (G) recertification processes for high-skilled refugees, specifically considering how to decrease barriers for Special Immigrant Visa holders to use their skills; and (H) recommended statutory changes to improve the Office of Refugee Resettlement and the domestic refugee program in relation to the matters analyzed under subparagraphs (A) through (G). (3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress the results of the study required under this subsection. (c) Refugee Assistance.-- (1) Assistance made available to secondary migrants.-- Section 412(a)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1522(a)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(C) The Director shall ensure that assistance under this section is provided to refugees who are secondary migrants and meet all other eligibility requirements for such assistance.''. (2) Report on secondary migration.--Section 412(a)(3) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1522(a)(3)) is amended-- (A) by inserting ``(A)'' after ``(3)''; (B) by striking ``periodic'' and inserting ``annual''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(B) At the end of each fiscal year, the Director shall submit a report to Congress that includes-- ``(i) States experiencing departures and arrivals due to secondary migration; ``(ii) reasons for migration; ``(iii) the impact of secondary migration on States hosting secondary migrants; ``(iv) the availability of social services for secondary migrants in those States; and ``(v) unmet needs of those secondary migrants.''. (3) Amendments to social services funding.--Section 412(c)(1)(B) of such Act (8 U.S.C. 1522(c)(1)(B)) is amended-- (A) by inserting ``a combination of--'' after ``based on''; (B) by striking ``the total number'' and inserting the following: ``(i) the total number''; and (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting the following: ``(ii) the total", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00886", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00067", "text": "We discuss structural and kinematical properties of the stellar halo and the old globular cluster system (GCS) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) based on numerical simulations of the LMC formation. We particularly discuss the observed possible GCS's rotational kinematics (V/sigma > 2) that be significantly different from the stellar halo's one with a large velocity dispersion (~50 km/s). We consider that both halo field stars and old GCs can originate from low-mass subhalos virialized at high redshifts (z >6). We investigate the final dynamical properties of the two old components in the LMC's halo formed from merging of low-mass subhalos with field stars and GCs. We find that the GCS composed of old globular clusters (GCs) formed at high redshifts (z > 6) has little rotation (V/sigma ~0.4) and structure and kinematics similar to those of the stellar halo. This inconsistency between the simulated GCS's kinematics and the observed one is found to be seen in models with different parameters. This inconsistency therefore implies that if old, metal-poor GCs in the LMC have rotational kinematics, they are highly unlikely to originate from the low-mass subhalos that formed the stellar halo. We thus discuss a scenario in which the stellar halo was formed from low-mass subhalos with no/few GCs whereas the GCS was formed at the very early epoch of the LMC's disk formation via dissipative minor and major merging of gas-rich subhalos and gas infall. We suggest that there can be a threshold subhalo mass above which GCs can be formed within subhalos at high redshifts and thus that this threshold causes differences in physical properties between stellar halos and GCSs in less luminous galaxies like the LMC.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00363", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00068", "text": "upgrade the processors when I need to. If you wouldn't run it on a virtual machine, then certainly don't run it on this.\" TechRepublic: Which companies are offering hyperconverged infrastructure the right way? Zeus Kerravala: \"The market leader right now in terms of brand and share is still Nutanix. They've done a lot of work in software. The one to watch is Dell/EMC but for specific use cases [such as with VMware's vSphere]. If your hypervisor is Microsoft or Citrix, then I look at a different platform... 8kpc is a startup. They've done a lot of work on the hardware optimization phase.\" TechRepublic: Which companies aren't doing so well at it? Zeus Kerravala: \"HPE is bit of a confused company right now... Lenovo is another one that I've expected more of by now.\" TechRepublic: What is your advice for customers considering a hyperconverged infrastructure product? Zeus Kerravala: \"There's a lot of products on the market and they all kind of pitch the same message. But the performance from box to box, from vendor to vendor, is going to be quite different depending on what you're running on it. Do your own testing. How does it work in a hybrid cloud situation? I'd also want to know from a roadmap perspective about flash storage, 100Gb Ethernet, and then NVMe.\" TechRepublic: What else should people know? Zeus Kerravala: \"Try to have a good understanding of what it means to the operational team. Things may be easy to deploy initially but take a look at the ongoing management. That's really going to determine whether you get value out of these products or not.\" For more networking, storage, and enterprise hardware news, subscribe to our Data Center Trends newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00536", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00069", "text": "Context: Our previous models of a giant planet migrating through an inner protoplanet/planetesimal disk find that the giant shepherds a portion of the material it encounters into interior orbits, whilst scattering the rest into external orbits. Scattering tends to dominate, leaving behind abundant material that can accrete into terrestrial planets. Aims: We add to the possible realism of our model by simulating type I migration forces which cause an inward drift, and strong eccentricity and inclination damping of protoplanetary bodies. This extra dissipation be expected to enhance shepherding at the expense of scattering, modifying our previous conclusions. Methods: We employ an N-body code that is linked to a viscous gas disk algorithm capable of simulating: gas accretion onto the central star; gap formation in the vicinity of the giant planet; type II migration of the giant planet; type I migration of protoplanets; and the effect of gas drag on planetesimals. We use the code to re-run three scenarios from a previous work where type I migration was not included. Results: The additional dissipation introduced by type I migration enhances the inward shepherding of material but does not severely reduce scattering. We find that > 50% of the solids disk material still survives the migration in scattered exterior orbits: most of it well placed to complete terrestrial planet formation at < 3 AU. The shepherded portion of the disk accretes into hot-Earths, which survive in interior orbits for the duration of our simulations. Conclusions: Water-rich terrestrial planets can form in the habitable zones of hot-Jupiter systems and hot-Earths and hot-Neptunes may also be present. These systems should be targets of future planet search missions.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 352, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00370", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00070", "text": "We discuss the problem of the bias of the Internal Linear Combination (ILC) CMB map and show that it is closely related to the coefficient of cross-correlation K(l) of the true CMB and the foreground for each multipole l. We present analysis of the cross-correlation for the WMAP ILC quadrupole and octupole from the first (ILC(I)) and the third (ILC(III)) year data releases and show that these correlations are about -0.52-0.6. Analysing 10^4 Monte Carlo simulations of the random Gaussian CMB signals, we show that the distribution function for the corresponding coefficient of the cross-correlation has a polynomial shape P(K,l)\\propto(1-K^2)^(l-1). We show that the most probable value of the cross-correlation coefficient of the ILC and foreground quadrupole has two extrema at K ~= +/-0.58$. Thus, the ILC(III) quadrupole represents the most probable value of the coefficient K. We analyze the problem of debiasing of the ILC CMB and pointed out that reconstruction of the bias to be very problematic due to statistical uncertainties. In addition, instability of the debiasing illuminates itself for the quadrupole and octupole components through the flip-effect, when the even (l+m) modes can be reconstructed with significant error. This error manifests itself as opposite, in respect to the true sign of even low multipole modes, and leads to significant changes of the coefficient of cross-correlation with the foreground. We show that the CMB realizations, whose the sign of quadrupole (2,0) component is negative (and the same, as for all the foregrounds), the corresponding probability to get the positive sign after implementation of the ILC method is about 40%.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 381, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00345", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00071", "text": "meet the eligibility criteria described in subsection (d). ``(d) Eligibility Criteria.--To be eligible to enter into a contract or other agreement under this subsection, an Indian tribe shall submit to the Secretary an application-- ``(1) containing such information as the Secretary may require; and ``(2) that includes a description of-- ``(A) the Indian forest land or rangeland under the jurisdiction of the Indian tribe; and ``(B) the demonstration project proposed to be carried out by the Indian tribe. ``(e) Selection.--In evaluating the applications submitted under subsection (c), the Secretary-- ``(1) shall take into consideration the factors set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 2(e) of Public Law 108- 278; and whether a proposed demonstration project would-- ``(A) increase the availability or reliability of local or regional energy; ``(B) enhance the economic development of the Indian tribe; ``(C) improve the connection of electric power transmission facilities serving the Indian tribe with other electric transmission facilities; ``(D) improve the forest health or watersheds of Federal land or Indian forest land or rangeland; or ``(E) otherwise promote the use of woody biomass; and ``(2) shall exclude from consideration any merchantable logs that have been identified by the Secretary for commercial sale. ``(f) Implementation.--The Secretary shall-- ``(1) ensure that the criteria described in subsection (c) are publicly available by not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this section; and ``(2) to the maximum extent practicable, consult with Indian tribes and appropriate intertribal organizations to be affected in developing the application and otherwise carrying out this section. ``(g) Report.--Not later than one year subsequent to the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes, with respect to the reporting period-- ``(1) each individual tribal application received under this section; and ``(2) each contract and agreement entered into pursuant to this section. ``(h) Incorporation of Management Plans.--In carrying out a contract or agreement under this section, on receipt of a request from an Indian tribe, the Secretary shall incorporate into the contract or agreement, to the extent practicable, management plans (including forest management and integrated resource management plans) in effect on the Indian forest land or rangeland of the respective Indian tribe. ``(i) Term.--A stewardship contract or other agreement entered into under", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00947", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00072", "text": "Two cases of weakly and strongly stressed X-point collapse were considered. Here descriptors weakly and strongly refer to 20 % and 124 % unidirectional spatial compression of the X-point, respectively. In the weakly stressed case, the reconnection rate, defined as the out-of-plane electric field in the X-point (the magnetic null) normalised by the product of external magnetic field and Alfv\\'en speeds, peaks at 0.11, with its average over 1.25 Alfv\\'en times being 0.04. Electron energy distribution in the current sheet, at the high energy end of the spectrum, shows a power law distribution with the index varying in time, attaining a maximal value of -4.1 at the final simulation time step (1.25 Alfv\\'en times). In the strongly stressed case, magnetic reconnection peak occurs 3.4 times faster and is more efficient. The peak reconnection rate now attains value 2.5, with the average reconnection rate over 1.25 Alfv\\'en times being 0.5. The power law energy spectrum for the electrons in the current sheet attains now a steeper index of -5.5, a value close to the ones observed in the vicinity of X-type region in the Earth's magneto-tail. Within about one Alfv\\'en time, 2% and 20% of the initial magnteic energy is converted into heat and accelerated particle energy in the case of weak and strong stress, respectively. In the both cases, during the peak of the reconnection, the quadruple out-of-plane magnetic field is generated, hinting to the Hall regime of the reconnection. These results strongly suggest the importance of the collionless, stressed X-point collapse as a possible contributing factor to the solution of the solar coronal heating problem or more generally, as an efficient mechanism of converting magnetic energy into heat and super-thermal particle energy.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 402, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00461", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00073", "text": "connecting those assets. They want to know about their energy consumption. They of course want to reduce energy consumption 'cause that's good to the bottom line. It's also good from a sustainability perspective. So if you think about all that electrical infrastructure, then you can start to kind of work your way up the stack in terms of whether it's a motor that's running a conveyor belt, or part of your process. Whether it's a pump. These are all devices that historically were not all connected, right. They didn't historically see the need to necessarily connect those. Over time, more and more of those devices became connected, primarily so that those companies could control. So when we talk about OT, as juxtaposed to IT for a second, we're really talking about operational technology where a SCADA, which is the software for controlling that infrastructure, is actually opening and closing devices. It a breaker, it a pump, and what's happened over time is, of course that data is hugely valuable to start to think about broader trends. And so a lot of times we talk about this IT/OT convergence, which probably gets a little overplayed out there, but that's really those two worlds, right, where you're taking all these connected devices from an OT perspective, and starting to think about all the fantastic things you can do with IT from an AI, machine learning, and all the great things that are coming out there in the industry. Patterson: You said the magic words there. What role does automation and artificial intelligence play with this connected infrastructure? SEE: Green tech initiatives: Best practices and breakthroughs (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Bennett: Yeah, listen there's an endless set of applications in the IoT and industrial space of the Internet of Things. You know I also think we have to be careful, because I do think there's a tendency and I'm certainly guilty of it, of using a lot of the buzzwords and attracting folks to the pure machine learning side of the equation. But what we're observing with clients today, is first of all, a lot of them are still moving through that journey of actually connecting to those devices, right? Controlling those devices. So kind of the, I would say the ability to actually aggregate data. But what's happening over time for sure is, as you aggregate that data, as you can start to look at broader trends, you could start to bring in things like machine", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00577", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00074", "text": "We present multi-wavelength, high spatial resolution imaging of the IRS 7 region in the R Corona Australis molecular cloud. Our observations include 1.1 mm continuum and HCO^+ J = $3 \\to 2$ images from the SMA, ^{12}CO J = $3 \\to 2$ outflow maps from the DesertStar heterodyne array receiver on the HHT, 450 $\\mu$m and 850 $\\mu$m continuum images from SCUBA, and archival Spitzer IRAC and MIPS 24 \\micron images. The accurate astrometry of the IRAC images allow us to identify IRS 7 with the cm source VLA 10W (IRS 7A) and the X-ray source X_W. The SMA 1.1 mm image reveals two compact continuum sources which are also distinguishable at 450 $\\mu$m. SMA 1 coincides with X-ray source CXOU J190156.4-365728 and VLA cm source 10E (IRS 7B) and is seen in the IRAC and MIPS images. SMA 2 has no infrared counterpart but coincides with cm source VLA 9. Spectral energy distributions constructed from SMA, SCUBA and Spitzer data yield bolometric temperatures of 83 K for SMA 1 and $\\leq$70 K for SMA 2. These temperatures along with the submillimeter to total luminosity ratios indicate that SMA 2 is a Class 0 protostar, while SMA 1 is a Class 0/Class I transitional object (L=$17\\pm6$ \\Lsun). The ^{12}CO J = $3 \\to 2$ outflow map shows one major and several smaller outflows centered on the IRS 7 region, with masses and energetics consistent with previous work. We identify the Class 0 source SMA 2/VLA 9 as the main driver of this outflow. The complex and clumpy spatial and velocity distribution of the HCO^+ J = $3 \\to 2$ emission is not consistent with either bulk rotation, or any known molecular outflow activity.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 443, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00379", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00075", "text": "that quest for Golden State and leading the Cavs to a championship two years ago with a Game 7 win on the Warriors' home court, where they have currently won 17 of the last 18 postseason games. James never counted out Golden State. \"Just going against the Warriors in the last three years in the Finals, I kind of figured or thought that they could get it done,\" he said. \"Just because of the 18 of a possible 21 Finals games that I've played against them in the last three years, I figured out that they could make it happen.\" Here are some things to watch for heading into Game 1: JAMES' SHOT: James isn't ready to make any bold predictions about how great he be in his eighth straight Finals. There's no doubt in his mind he will be ready when the ball tips. \"The level that I can play at is to be seen, but the level that I put into the game and put into my craft is who I am,\" James said. \"So numbers and things like that kind of take care of itself. But for me, I understand and I know how much I put into the game. So everything else is OK.\" NO REST FOR THE WEARY: With only two days between games after the Warriors eliminated the Rockets 101-92 on Monday night, Draymond Green is happy to have an opponent in Cleveland he knows so well. \"In recent years we've been kind of having a week off, at most, to prepare for the Finals. It's almost a day to prepare this time,\" he said. \"So it definitely helps knowing the opponent, knowing, obviously, everything stops and starts with LeBron, and trying to do what we can to make things tough on him, but also take other guys out of the game.\" The Cavs finished their series Sunday at Boston, so James spent a relaxing Memorial Day Monday with family having a barbecue. INJURY WOES: Both teams face significant injury concerns: Golden State defensive stopper and 2015 Finals MVP Andre Iguodala was ruled out for Game 1 with a bone bruise in his left knee, while Love remains in the NBA's concussion protocol with his status uncertain. GOLDEN STATE AMONG GREATEST: James considers Golden State among the greatest teams ever, and insists each side has earned this. James is ignoring the critics who say this annual matchup be bad for basketball. \"Teams have had", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00764", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00076", "text": "(Abridged) We use N-body simulations to study the evolution of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) driven by galactic tides. We adopt a cosmologically-motivated model where dSphs are approximated by a King model embedded within an NFW halo. We find that these NFW-embedded King models are extraordinarily resilient to tides; the stellar density profile still resembles a King model even after losing more than 99% of the stars. As tides strip the galaxy, the stellar luminosity, velocity dispersion, central surface brightness, and core radius decrease monotonically. Remarkably, we find that the evolution of these parameters is solely controlled by the total amount of mass lost from within the luminous radius. Of all parameters, the core radius is the least affected: after losing 99% of the stars, R_c decreases by just a factor of ~2. Interestingly, tides tend to make dSphs more dark-matter dominated because the tightly bound central dark matter ``cusp'' is more resilient to disruption than the ``cored'' King profile. We examine whether the extremely large M/L ratios of the newly-discovered ultra-faint dSphs have been caused by tidal stripping of once brighter systems. Although dSph tidal evolutionary tracks parallel the observed scaling relations in the luminosity-radius plane, they predict too steep a change in velocity dispersion compared with the observational estimates hitherto reported in the literature. The ultra-faint dwarfs are thus unlikely to be the tidal remnants of systems like Fornax, Draco, or Sagittarius. Despite spanning four decades in luminosity, dSphs inhabit halos of comparable peak circular velocity, lending support to scenarios that envision dwarf spheroidals as able to form only in halos above a certain mass threshold.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 373, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00491", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00077", "text": ". ``(d) Application.-- ``(1) In general.--To seek a grant under this section, an eligible entity shall submit an application to the Secretary in such form, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. ``(2) Contents.--At a minimum, the Secretary shall require each such application to outline how the eligible entity will establish baseline measures and benchmarks that meet the Secretary's requirements to evaluate program outcomes. ``(e) Uniform Baseline Measures.--The Secretary shall establish uniform baseline measures in order to properly evaluate the impact of the demonstration projects under this section. ``(f) Preference.--In making grants under this section, the Secretary shall give preference to eligible entities that demonstrate in their applications plans to utilize patient navigator services to overcome significant barriers in order to improve health care outcomes in their respective communities. ``(g) Coordination With Other Programs.--The Secretary shall ensure coordination of the demonstration grant program under this section with existing authorized programs in order to facilitate access to high- quality health care services. ``(h) Study; Reports.-- ``(1) Final report by secretary.--Not later than 6 months after the completion of the demonstration grant program under this section, the Secretary shall conduct a study of the results of the program and submit to the Congress a report on such results that includes the following: ``(A) An evaluation of the program outcomes, including-- ``(i) quantitative analysis of baseline and benchmark measures; and ``(ii) aggregate information about the patients served and program activities. ``(B) Recommendations on whether patient navigator programs used to improve patient outcomes in other public health areas. ``(2) Interim reports by secretary.--The Secretary may provide interim reports to the Congress on the demonstration grant program under this section at such intervals as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. ``(3) Interim reports by grantees.--The Secretary may require grant recipients under this section to submit interim reports on grant program outcomes. ``(i) Rule of Construction.--This section shall not be construed to authorize funding for the delivery of health care services (other than the patient navigator duties listed in subsection (b)). ``(j) Definitions.--In this section: ``(1) The term `eligible entity' means a public or nonprofit private health center (including a Federally qualified health center (as that term is defined in section 1861(aa)(4) of the Social Security Act)), a health facility operated by or pursuant to a contract with the Indian Health Service, a hospital, a cancer", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00944", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00078", "text": "The quantity of dust in a spiral disk can be estimated using the dust's typical emission or the extinction of a known source. In this paper, we compare two techniques, one based on emission and one on absorption, applied on sections of fourteen disk galaxies. The two measurements reflect, respectively the average and apparent optical depth of a disk section. Hence, they depend differently on the average number and optical depth of ISM structures in the disk. The small scale geometry of the cold ISM is critical for accurate models of the overall energy budget of spiral disks. ISM geometry, relative contributions of different stellar populations and dust emissivity are all free parameters in galaxy Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) models; they are also sometimes degenerate, depending on wavelength coverage. Our aim is to constrain typical ISM geometry. The apparent optical depth measurement comes from the number of distant galaxies seen in HST images through the foreground disk. We measure the IR flux in images from the {\\it Spitzer} Infrared Nearby Galaxy Survey in the same section of the disk that was covered by HST. A physical model of the dust is fit to the SED to estimate the dust surface density, mean temperature, and brightness in these disk sections. The surface density is subsequently converted into the average optical depth estimate. The two measurements generally agree. The ratios between the measured average and apparent optical depths of the disk sections imply optically thin clouds in these disks. Optically thick disks, are to have more than a single cloud along the line-of-sight.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00406", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00079", "text": "administration he's now helping to circumvent U.S. financial sanctions. Gabriel Jimenez, was catapulted to something of tech stardom in Venezuela last month when he stood alongside President Nicolas Maduro and two Russian businessmen on national TV signing a contract to position the fledgling currency among international investors. ___ Trump bans US use of Venezuelan cryptocurrency WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration is banning all use by Americans of Venezuelan cryptocurrency, saying that its introduction is intended to skirt U.S. sanctions. In a separate move, the administration also slapped sanctions on four current and former senior Venezuelan officials accused of corruption and mismanagement. ___ NYC launches investigation into Kushner Cos. false filings NEW YORK (AP) — A New York City council member has launched an investigation into the Kushner Cos.' routine filing of paperwork with the city that falsely claimed zero rent-regulated tenants in its buildings. Councilman Ritchie Torres argues that officials should have caught the deception long ago because the dozens of documents are available online for all to see. A tenant rights watchdog found the Kushner Cos. had filed more than 80 documents stating it had no rent-regulated units when it had hundreds. ___ Court filing claims Education Dept illegally got SSN data WASHINGTON (AP) — Students who were defrauded by Corinthian Colleges are claiming in court that the Education Department has illegally obtained and used their earnings data in order to limit their student loan relief. A group of former Corinthian students are making the claim in a motion filed over the weekend in federal court in California. The Education Department is declining comment on pending litigation. ___ Fed set to raise rates as Powell gives 1st news conference WASHINGTON (AP) — The Federal Reserve's first meeting under Jerome Powell's leadership will end Wednesday with an announcement that the Fed will resume its modest interest rate hikes. But investors will be most attuned to what Powell signals at his first news conference about whether and how he steer the Fed's policymaking differently from his predecessor, Janet Yellen. Will he, for example, be inclined to step up the pace of Fed rate hikes? ___ Steve Wynn settled with second woman over sex allegations LAS VEGAS (AP) — Attorneys for embattled casino mogul Steve Wynn say in court documents that he brokered a settlement with a second woman who accused him of sexual misconduct more than a decade ago. The documents received this month in Las Vegas say Wynn recently went to the FBI to accuse the woman of trying", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00695", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00080", "text": "Magnetic fields play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of protoplanetary discs. They have the potential to efficiently transport angular momentum by MHD turbulence or via the magnetocentrifugal acceleration of outflows from the disk surface, and magnetically-driven mixing has implications for disk chemistry and evolution of the grain population. However, the weak ionisation of protoplanetary discs means that magnetic fields may not be able to effectively couple to the matter. I present calculations of the ionisation equilibrium and magnetic diffusivity as a function of height from the disk midplane at radii of 1 and 5 AU. Dust grains tend to suppress magnetic coupling by soaking up electrons and ions from the gas phase and reducing the conductivity of the gas by many orders of magnitude. However, once grains have grown to a few microns in size their effect starts to wane and magnetic fields can begin to couple to the gas even at the disk midplane. Because ions are generally decoupled from the magnetic field by neutral collisions while electrons are not, the Hall effect tends to dominate the diffusion of the magnetic field when it is able to partially couple to the gas. For a standard population of 0.1 micron grains the active surface layers have a combined column of about 2 g/cm^2 at 1 AU; by the time grains have aggregated to 3 microns the active surface density is 80 g/cm^2. In the absence of grains, x-rays maintain magnetic coupling to 10% of the disk material at 1 AU (150 g/cm^2). At 5 AU the entire disk thickness becomes active once grains have aggregated to 1 micron in size.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 339, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00017", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00081", "text": "HD 38529 is a post-main sequence G8III/IV star (3.5 Gyr old) with a planetary system consisting of at least two planets having Msin(i) of 0.8 MJup and 12.2 MJup, semimajor axes of 0.13 AU and 3.74 AU, and eccentricities of 0.25 and 0.35, respectively. Spitzer observations show that HD 38529 has an excess emission above the stellar photosphere, with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) at 70 micron of 4.7, a small excess at 33 micron (S/N=2.6) and no excess <30 micron. We discuss the distribution of the potential dust-producing planetesimals from the study of the dynamical perturbations of the two known planets, considering in particular the effect of secular resonances. We identify three dynamically stable niches at 0.4-0.8 AU, 20-50 AU and beyond 60 AU. We model the spectral energy distribution of HD 38529 to find out which of these niches show signs of harboring dust-producing plantesimals. The secular analysis, together with the SED modeling resuls, suggest that the planetesimals responsible for most of the dust emission are located within 20-50 AU, a configuration that resembles that of the Jovian planets + Kuiper Belt in our Solar System. Finally, we place upper limits (8E-6 lunar masses of 10 micron particles) to the amount of dust that located in the dynamically stable region that exists between the two planets (0.25--0.75 AU).", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00280", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00082", "text": "Aims: This work presents a high--precision variability survey in the field of the old, super metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791. Methods: The data sample consists of more than 75,000 high-precision CCD time series measurements in the V band obtained mainly at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, with additional data from S. Pedro Martir and Loiano observatories, over a time span of ten nights. The field covers an area of 42x28 arcmin^2. Results: We have discovered 260 new variables and re-determined periods and amplitudes of 70 known variable stars. By means of a photometric evaluation of the membership in NGC 6791, and a preliminary membership based on the proper motions, we give a full description of the variable content of the cluster and surrounding field in the range 16<V<23.5. Accurate periods can be given for the variables with P<4.0 d, while for ones with longer periods the limited time-baseline hampered precise determinations. We categorized the entire sample as follows: 6 pulsating, 3 irregular, 3 cataclysmic, 89 rotational variables and 61 eclipsing systems; moreover, we detected 168 candidate variables for which we cannot give a variability class since their periods are much longer than our time baseline. Conclusions: On the basis of photometric considerations, and of the positions of the stars with respect to the center of the cluster, we inferred that 11 new variable stars are members of the cluster, for 22 stars the membership is doubtful and 137 are non-members. We also detected an outburst of about 3 mag in the light curve of a very faint blue star belonging to the cluster and we suggest that this star a new U Gem (dwarf nova) cataclysmic variable.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00269", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00083", "text": "At Syracuse, Switzer began running with Arnie Briggs, a mail carrier at Syracuse who was also an avid runner. Briggs, too, argued that women were “too fragile” to run the race, but Switzer was determined to prove him wrong. When she began running 30-plus mile distances, Briggs conceded and encouraged her to sign up for Boston officially. She signed up as “K.V. Switzer” along with Arnie, her boyfriend Tom Miller, and another friend. Advertisement But when Jock Semple, the race co-director, discovered a woman had registered in the marathon, he was furious. In the middle of the race, Semple tried to shove Switzer and physically pull her out. “He was pulling at me and screaming, ‘Get the hell out of my race and give me that number,’” Switzer told Deadspin in 2015. “Arnie was screaming at Jock, and then Tom smashed Jock out of the way.” The moment was captured by photographer Harry Trask, instantly turning Switzer into an icon. But Switzer wasn’t the only woman—or even the first—to complete the Boston Marathon that year. Bobbi Gibb, who had run the race unofficially in 1966, was on the course in 1967 and finished ahead of Switzer at 3:27:17. However, Gibb did not register for the race, and according to Switzer, therefore did not threaten the supposed integrity of Semple’s men-only competition. Semple disqualified Switzer from the race and the Amateur Athletic Union suspended her and Miller. Advertisement Sponsored Switzer, who was attacked simply for wanting to run, became an international feminist symbol and helped break the long-held barriers against women in long distance running. In a recent interview with WBZ-TV, she recalled, “I said, ‘This is going to change my life, going to change women’s sports and change the world.’” The Boston Marathon officially opened to women in 1972. That same year, gender equality law Title IX was signed into law, allowing more women to join cross country and track and field programs at college. In 1984, the Olympics introduced the first women’s marathon. Switzer went on to run 39 marathons and organized the Avon International Running Circuit, a series of women’s-only races. In 1974, she won the New York City marathon. In 1975, she returned to", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00693", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00084", "text": "A cascade model is described based on multiplier distributions determined from 3D direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent particle laden flows, which include two-way coupling between the phases at global mass loadings equal to unity. The governing Eulerian equations are solved using pseudo-spectral methods on up to 512**3 computional grid points. DNS results for particle concentration and enstrophy at Taylor microscale Reynolds numbers in the range 34 - 170 were used to directly determine multiplier distributions (PDFs) on spatial scales 3 times the Kolmogorov length scale. The width of the PDFs, which is a measure of intermittency, decreases with increasing mass loading within the local region where the multipliers are measured. The functional form of this dependence is not sensitive to Reynolds numbers in the range considered. A partition correlation probability is included in the cascade model to account for the observed spatial anticorrelation between particle concentration and enstrophy. Joint probability distribution functions of concentration and enstrophy generated using the cascade model are shown to be in excellent agreement with those derived directly from our 3D simulations. Probabilities predicted by the cascade model are presented at Reynolds numbers well beyond what is achievable by direct simulation. These results clearly indicate that particle mass loading significantly reduces the probabilities of high particle concentration and enstrophy relative to those resulting from unloaded runs. Particle mass density reach a limit at around 100 times the gas density. This approach has promise for significant computational savings in certain applications.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00049", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00085", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Salt Cedar and Russian Olive Control Demonstration Act''. SEC. 2. SALT CEDAR AND RUSSIAN OLIVE CONTROL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this Act as the ``Secretary''), acting through the Commissioner of Reclamation and in cooperation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Defense, shall carry out a salt cedar (Tamarix spp) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) assessment and demonstration program-- (1) to assess the extent of the infestation by salt cedar and Russian olive trees in the western United States; (2) to demonstrate strategic solutions for-- (A) the long-term management of salt cedar and Russian olive trees; and (B) the reestablishment of native vegetation; and (3) to assess economic means to dispose of biomass created as a result of removal of salt cedar and Russian olive trees. (b) Assessment.-- (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which funds are made available to carry out this Act, the Secretary shall complete an assessment of the extent of salt cedar and Russian olive infestation on public and private land in the western United States. (2) Requirements.--In addition to describing the acreage of and severity of infestation by salt cedar and Russian olive trees in the western United States, the assessment shall-- (A) consider existing research on methods to control salt cedar and Russian olive trees; (B) consider the feasibility of reducing water consumption by salt cedar and Russian olive trees; (C) consider methods of and challenges associated with the revegetation or restoration of infested land; and (D) estimate the costs of destruction of salt cedar and Russian olive trees, related biomass removal, and revegetation or restoration and maintenance of the infested land. (c) Long-Term Management Strategies.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary shall identify and document long-term management and funding strategies that-- (A) implemented by Federal, State, and private land managers in addressing infestation by salt cedar and Russian olive trees; and (B) should be tested as components of demonstration projects under subsection (d). (2) Grants.--The Secretary shall provide grants to institutions of higher education to develop public policy expertise in, and assist in developing a long-term strategy to address", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01112", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00086", "text": "to gauge, and then based on the plan, get the energy level up. Sometimes we can't... we're not doing it cookie-cutter style.\" Orser hardly is alone as he works with both world-class and lower-level skaters. \"No one can do this without a great support team,\" he notes, mentioning in particular Tracy Wilson, an Olympic and world medalist when she competed. \"There's so much that goes into it, on the ice and off the ice.\" On the ice is where the spotlight shines, of course. This is, as Orser explains, \"a really delicate time.\" An Olympic season is different from others in the sport. Not only is the timing of events skewed — U.S. nationals were held three weeks early in 2018 — but the pressure ratchets up throughout the end of the calendar for one year and the beginning of a new one. Simply putting yourself in position to get on the national team for the Olympics is difficult. Then comes the intense stress of actually qualifying. If you make it, well, then there's the buildup to the big one. \"For me, this is where we are on kind of on high alert as far as our awareness goes,\" Orser says. \"You can't peak too soon, but this is also a good time to do a little bit of a test run. \"We have those three or four days before competing when we are at the Olympics and you must rev it up. And this is the time to begin to rev it up and see if we can do it — mentally, physically. If we achieve it, then we go back to our regular programming. If not, then we work on making it work. \"With Yuzuru and Javi, they are kind of coming into the Olympics from a different angle. Obviously due to circumstance,\" Orser says, referring to Hanyu's injury. \"Javi has just been going along at his own pace.\" Orser sat down with his medal contenders in October to offer them some advice. He says, with no trace of bitterness or regret, that he was ready too early for the 1984 and '88 Olympics, when he finished second to Scott Hamilton and then to Brian Boitano. \"Sometimes we have to guide them along the way,\" he says. Daleman be his most impressive project this season. She underwent surgery last May for an abdominal cyst and entered the Olympic campaign with", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00782", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00087", "text": "Detailed analyses of the WMAP data indicate possible oscillatory features in the primordial curvature perturbation, which moreover be suppressed beyond the present Hubble radius. Such deviations from the usual inflationary expectation of an approximately Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum are expected in the supergravity-based 'multiple inflation' model wherein phase transitions during inflation induce sudden changes in the mass of the inflaton, thus interrupting its slow-roll. In a previous paper we calculated the resulting curvature perturbation and showed how the oscillations arise. Here we perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting exercise using the 3-year WMAP data to determine how the fitted cosmological parameters vary when such a primordial spectrum is used as an input, rather than the usually assumed power-law spectrum. The 'concordance' LCDM model is still a good fit when there is just a 'step' in the spectrum. However if there is a 'bump' in the spectrum (due e.g. to two phase transitions in rapid succession), the precision CMB data can be well-fitted by a flat Einstein-de Sitter cosmology without dark energy. This however requires the Hubble constant to be h ~ 0.44 which is lower than the locally measured value. To fit the SDSS data on the power spectrum of galaxy clustering requires a ~10% component of hot dark matter, as would naturally be provided by 3 species of neutrinos of mass ~0.5 eV. This CHDM model cannot however fit the position of the baryon acoustic peak in the LRG redshift two-point correlation function. It may be possible to overcome these difficulties in an inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi cosmological model with a local void, which can potentially also account for the SN Ia Hubble diagram without invoking cosmic acceleration.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 368, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00262", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00088", "text": ",\" Laput says. So Laput and his team wanted to see if they could build just one sensor that could monitor a whole range of activity in a room. And they did. It doesn't look like much; just a little 2-inch-square circuit board that plugs into the wall. The board senses about a dozen different facets of its environment: vibrations, sounds, light color and so on. The sensor communicates wirelessly with a computer, which interprets everything it picks up. Laput demonstrated how the sensor works by turning on a blender. Almost immediately, a text box saying \"blender running\" popped up on a computer screen along with a purple squiggly line representing the blender's vibration. Laput turned on a light, and the screen said, \"light on.\" Laput says he imagines both domestic and commercial applications for such a sensor. It could tell you that you left your stove on or that you're almost out of paper towels in the bathroom at the restaurant you own. But critics say there's a catch. \"Surveillance is now the business model of the Internet. Companies make money spying on you,\" says Bruce Schneier, an Internet security expert and the chief technology officer at IBM's cybersecurity arm. \"When the app says I can detect when you're out of paper towels, they're not doing it for your best interest, they're doing it because they want to sell you paper towels.\" Schneier pointed to Roomba, the little automated vacuum from iRobot. The company's CEO said last month that the device could soon start mapping your home, raising concerns that that data sold for a profit. The company swiftly clarified that it would only collect and share data if customers consented. But on top of the issue of surveillance, Schneier says makers of Internet-of-things devices just aren't prioritizing security. \"We're building a world-sized robot without even realizing it,\" he says. That robot has eyes and ears that collect data, brains that process it and arms and legs that take action in the real world. But arms and legs can kick and punch, and more eyes and ears — like Laput's sensor — could make those kicks and punches both more accurate and more devastating.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 453, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00637", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00089", "text": "ating regulations under this subsection, the Secretary shall use negotiated rulemaking, unless the Secretary determines that the use of that process is not appropriate. (B) Procedures for negotiated rulemaking.--If the Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) that negotiated rulemaking is appropriate, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall carry out the negotiated rulemaking in accordance with the procedures under subchapter III of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code. (b) Repeal.-- (1) In general.--Section 21103 of title 49, United States Code, is repealed. (2) Effective date.--This subsection shall take effect on the date on which the Secretary promulgates final regulations under subsection (a). SEC. 4. SATELLITE-BASED TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS. (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall conduct a study to determine the feasibility of requiring satellite- based train control systems to provide positive train control for railroad systems in the United States by January 1, 2001. (b) Time Frame for Operation; Automated Train Control Systems.-- (1) Regulations to cover impracticability of satellite- based train control systems.--Subject to paragraph (3), if, upon completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, determines that the installation of an effective satellite-based train control system referred to in subsection (a) could not be accomplished practicably by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to require, as soon as practicable after the date of promulgation of the regulations, the use of automated train control technology that is available on that date. (2) Regulations to cover practicability of satellite-based train control systems.-- (A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), if upon completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, determines that the installation of an effective satellite-based train control system referred to in subsection (a) accomplished practicably by January 1, 2001, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall promulgate regulations to require, as soon as practicable after the date of promulgation of the regulations, the use of automated train control technology that is available on that date. (B) Waivers.--If the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00875", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00090", "text": "This is a Reply to Comment arXiv:0707.2642 by Hof et al. on Letter arXiv:physics/0608292 which was subsequently published in Phys Rev Lett, 98, 014501 (2007). In our letter it was reported that in pipe flow the median time $\\tau$ for relaminarisation of localised turbulent disturbances closely follows the scaling $\\tau\\sim 1/(Re_c-Re)$. This conclusion was based on data from collections of 40 to 60 independent simulations at each of six different Reynolds numbers, Re. In the Comment, Hof et al. estimate $\\tau$ differently for the point at lowest Re. Although this point is the most uncertain, it forms the basis for their assertion that the data then fit an exponential scaling $\\tau\\sim \\exp(A Re)$, for some constant A, supporting Hof et al. (2006) Nature, 443, 59. The most certain point (at largest Re) does not fit their conclusion and is rejected. We clarify why their argument for rejecting this point is flawed. The median $\\tau$ is estimated from the distribution of observations, and it is shown that the correct part of the distribution is used. The data is sufficiently well determined to show that the exponential scaling cannot be fit to the data over this range of Re, whereas the $\\tau\\sim 1/(Re_c-Re)$ fit is excellent, indicating critical behaviour and supporting experiments by Peixinho & Mullin 2006.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 309, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00371", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00091", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Public Safety Interoperability Implementation Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds the following: (1) Following the tragic events of September 11, 2001, the need for interoperable communications for public safety became even more apparent, and critical to address. (2) The inability of many firefighters and police to communicate with each other in the World Trade Centers led to some loss of lives that could have been prevented. (3) As demonstrated by a hearing by the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet, on June 11, 2003, interoperability problems and spectrum and equipment shortages continue to plague our nation's first responders, and without additional funding these problems will continue. (4) Action is critical to address these shortages not only to ensure readiness in the event of another terrorist attack, but also to address daily communications needs that are essential. (5) Each day this Nation's public safety officers put their lives on the line to serve this country and immediate increases in funding are essential. (6) According to the report by the Council on Foreign Relations, the United States is drastically underfunding local emergency responders, and remains dangerously unprepared to handle a catastrophic attack on American soil. SEC. 3. PUBLIC SAFETY TRUST FUND. Part A of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration Organization Act (47 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: ``SEC. 106. PUBLIC SAFETY TRUST FUND. ``(a) Establishment.-- ``(1) Fund established.--There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States the Public Safety Communications Trust Fund. ``(2) Deposits.--The Fund shall consist of-- ``(A) the amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (f); and ``(B) 50 percent of the proceeds of any auction conducted pursuant to section 309(j) of the Communications Act of 1934 for any bands of frequencies other than those described in paragraph (3), except that such percentage may be reduced in accordance with paragraph (4). ``(3) Excepted frequencies.--The bands of frequencies described in this paragraph are the following: ``(A) the 216-220 megahertz band, the 1432-1435 megahertz band, the 1710-1755 megahertz band,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00839", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00092", "text": "In the last year, there's been a big drop in support for charter schools, while other forms of school choice are getting a little less unpopular. That's the top line of a national poll released today. President Trump and his education secretary Betsy DeVos have put school choice front and center on their education agenda. The general idea of \"choice,\" however, takes many forms. Charter schools are paid for by tax dollars, charge no tuition and are managed independently of public school districts. Vouchers allow students to use tax dollars to pay tuition at private schools. Tax-credit scholarships, now available in 17 states, which allow individuals and companies to get a tax credit for donating to scholarship funds that are used in turn for private school tuition. U.S. opinion on these ideas to be shifting, according to a new poll from EducationNext, an opinion and policy journal associated with free-market education reform ideas. They've been asking similar questions for the past decade. Here are the latest results: Charters: Last year 51 percent of the public supported \"the formation of charter schools\"; this year it's just 39 percent, a 12 point drop in one year. Vouchers: 45 percent are either strongly or somewhat supportive of universal vouchers. That's a bounce from last year, but more or less in line with the five years before. Tax credits: This was the most popular form of school choice with 55 percent of the general public supporting this year; also a one-year bounce, but in line with longer-term trends. There's no one obvious explanation for the change in opinion on charter schools. The drop was seen among both Democrats and Republicans and amongst all racial and ethnic groups. \"That's the largest change on any survey item, and one of the largest single-year changes in opinion that we've seen over the 11-year history of the survey,\" Martin West, the editor in chief of EducationNext, said on a press conference call. The wording of the question — about the formation of charter schools — may hold a clue. In theory, it be possible to have very positive feelings about the charter schools currently in your community, yet still oppose new ones. And the expansion of charters is exactly what communities around the country have been fighting over. Last year the NAACP and Black Lives Matter called for a moratorium on the growth of charter schools (the NAACP called more recently for a ban on for-profit management of these schools). The state", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00639", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00093", "text": "as nearly as may be, apply with respect to death penalties under this section. TITLE II--FRAUD SEC. 201. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. (a) Participation in the Financial Crimes Enforcement Center.--The Federal Trade Commission shall participate in, and be on the receiving list of law enforcement products of, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Center of the Department of the Treasury. (b) Venue.--Subsections (a) and (b) of section 13 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 53) are each amended by adding at the end the following: ``Whenever it the court that the interests of justice require that any other person, partnership, or corporation should be a party in such suit, the court may cause such person, partnership, or corporation to be summoned without regard to whether they reside or transact business in the district in which the suit is brought, and to that end process may be served wherever the person, partnership, or corporation may be found.''. (c) Criminal Contempt Authority.--Section 16(a)(1) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 56(a)(1)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``civil'' the first place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof ``Federal court''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``The Commission may bring a criminal contempt action for violations of orders obtained in cases brought under section 13(b) of this Act in the same manner as civil penalty and other Federal court actions to which this subsection applies. Such cases may be initiated by the Commission on its own complaint, or pursuant to its acceptance of an appointment by a court to assist it in enforcing such orders pursuant to Rule 42(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.''. SEC. 202. SENTENCING GUIDELINES. (a) Fraud and Deceit.--The United States Sentencing Commission shall amend its sentencing guidelines relating to fraud and deceit so as to provide for increases in offense levels based on the number of persons that the offender has victimized. (b) Elderly Victims.--The United States Sentencing Commission shall amend its sentencing guidelines relating to vulnerable victims so as to provide that if the offender knew or should have known that the victim was 65 years of age or old, the offense level shall be increased by 7 levels. SEC. 203. MANDATORY RESTIT", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01084", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00094", "text": "TechRepublic's Dan Patterson spoke with Andrew Bennett, the SVP of IoT EcoStruxure at Schneider Electric about EcoStruxure's role in the Internet of Things. Watch the video, or read the full transcript of their conversation below: Patterson: The Internet of Things has a profoundly powerful impact on the digital transformation of almost every industry. Andrew, thank you very much for your time today. I wonder if we could start with first, what is EcoStruxure, and what role does the Internet of Things play? Bennett: Yeah, great, thank you, Dan. Schneider Electric of course, is a company that works with a lot of industrial clients, so you can think about us in industrial space and buildings, in the grid, and of course, what we do for places like data centers. And one of the things that we've been doing for a long time is thinking about connecting devices in those settings to enhance analytics. That's really kind of the core of what we do as a company. We take a very OT, operational technology perspective on that. And so EcoStruxure, EcoStruxure really is our set of architectures that allows us to think about all those connectable devices, and then edge control, how do you actually control those devices. A lot of our clients are running mission-critical operational technology, so this a nuclear power plant, or a petrochemical facility, or the grid. And so, edge control of those devices, actually having intelligence, not just embedded at the nodes but at the edge, is really important as they can't risk being disconnected from the internet. SEE: The Power of IoT and Big Data (Tech Pro Research) And then at the top of EcoStruxure, at the top of that stack, it starts with those connected devices and then edge control, really is where we build a lot of our software. So we build software for control, for analytics, of where we're starting to build out some of the AI and machine learning, and where we store a lot of that data of course, in the cloud, so that we start to do more sophisticated views of what's going on in those manufacturing sites, or petrochemical sties, or whatever they happen to be. And so that's, I would say at the crux of it, that's what EcoStruxure is. It's an architecture that allows all three of those layers to interoperate, and it's", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00575", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00095", "text": "SECTION 1. AMENDMENTS. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act is amended-- (1) in section 2 (42 U.S.C. 6201)-- (A) by inserting ``and'' at the end of paragraph (6); (B) by striking ``; and'' at the end of paragraph (7) and inserting in lieu thereof a period; and (C) by striking paragraph (8); (2) in section 321 (42 U.S.C. 6291)-- (A) by striking ``or, with respect to showerheads, faucets, water closets, and urinals, water'' in paragraph (1)(A); (B) by striking ``incandescent reflector lamps, showerheads, faucets, water closets, and urinals'' in paragraph (1) and inserting in lieu thereof ``and incandescent reflector lamps''; (C) by striking ``, or, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, and urinals, water use,'' in paragraph (6)(A); (D) by striking ``(15), (16), (17),'' in paragraph (6)(B); (E) by striking ``325(r)'' in paragraph (6) and inserting in lieu thereof ``325(p)''; (F) by striking ``, and in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, and urinals, the aggregate retail cost of water and wastewater treatment services to be incurred annually,'' in paragraph (7); (G) by inserting at the end of paragraph (30) the following new subparagraph: ``(T) The term `ANSI' means the American National Standards Institute.''; and (H) by striking paragraph (31); (3) in section 322(a) (42 U.S.C. 6292(a))-- (A) by striking paragraphs (15) through (18); and (B) by redesignating paragraph (19) as paragraph (15); (4) in section 323 (42 U.S.C. 6293)-- (A) by striking ``water use (in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, and urinals),'' in subsection (b)(3); (B) by striking ``or, in the case of showerheads, faucets, water closets, or urinals, water use'' in subsection (b)(4); (C) by striking ``, or", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00888", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00096", "text": "(Abridged) We present here a long (100ks) XMM-Newton follow-up of the Seyfert 1.8 galaxy ESO113-G010 performed in November 2005, in order to study over a longer time-scale its main X-ray properties. The source was found in a higher/softer time-averaged flux state, and timing analysis of this source reveals strong, rapid variability. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis indicates (at 95% c.l.) a break at 3.7 x 10^-4 Hz. This cut-off frequency is comparable to those measured in some other rapidly-variable Seyferts, such as MCG-6-30-15 and NGC4051. From the mass-luminosity-time-scale, we infer that M_BH ranges from 4 x 10^6 - 10^7 M_odot and the source is accreting at or close to the Eddington rate (or even higher). The existing data cannot distinguish between spectral pivoting of the continuum and a two-component origin for the spectral softening, primarily because the data do not span a broad enough flux range. In the case of the two-component model, the fractional offsets measured in the flux-flux plots increase significantly toward higher energies (similar to what is observed in MCG-6-30-15) as expected if there exists a constant reflection component. Contrary to May 2001, no significant highly redshifted emission line is observed (which be related to the source flux level), while two narrow emission lines at about 6.5keV and 7keV are observed. The S/N is not high enough to establish if the lines are variable or constant. As already suggested by the 2001 observation, no significant constant narrow 6.4keV FeK line (EW~32eV) is observed, hence excluding any dominant emission from distant cold matter such as a torus in this Seyfert type 1.8 galaxy.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 415, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00299", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00097", "text": "You want to mass delete email from Gmail for many reasons: To remove non-work-related messages from an account, to achieve \"inbox zero\" as part of a personal productivity effort, or—more mundanely—to reduce the storage space used by attachments. Some people pursue #NoEmail—and start to treat email as an ephemeral communication channel instead of a permanent archive. Before you start to mass delete items from Gmail, I recommend that you export your current email data. To do this, use Google Takeout at https://takeout.google.com. Choose the \"Select None\" button, then scroll down the page to Mail. Move the slider to the right of Mail to \"on.\" (You may export just some of your email: Select the down arrow to the left of the slider, then choose one—or more—Gmail labels to select items tagged with those labels to export.) Select Next at the bottom of the page, then choose the format, file sizes, and storage action for your export. Wait to start your deletions until you've either downloaded or verified that your exported email has been stored. (Note: If you use G Suite, an administrator has the ability to disable access to Takeout. If that's the case, talk with your administrator about backup before you begin.) After you backup, cycle through the following four steps to move sets of email to the Gmail trash. 1. Search I've found that typing search terms into the Gmail search box in the desktop Chrome browser to be the most efficient way to find and select sets of emails. And while Google gives you a long list of search operators, I suggest you start with the following: Email address. Enter to: or from: followed by an email address to find all of the email sent to or received from an address.. Enter to: or from: followed by an email address to find all of the email sent to or received from an address. Subject. Enter subject: followed by a word (or a phrase in quotes) to find all email that contains the word or phrase specified.. Enter subject: followed by a word (or a phrase in quotes) to find all email that contains the word or phrase specified. Date. While there are several time-search options, try before: or older_than: first. The first locates items prior to a specified data, while the latter locates item older than a certain number of days, months, or years (e.g., 3d", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00537", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00098", "text": "the use of the Draize or other animal acute toxicity test for the purpose of evaluation of the safety of a regulated product; (2) review and evaluate nonanimal alternatives with the potential for partial or full replacement of the Draize or other animal acute toxicity test for some or all of the products regulated; and (3) promulgate regulations, guidelines, or recommendations that specify a nonanimal acute toxicity test or battery of tests should be used instead of an animal acute toxicity test unless that Federal department or agency head determines that the nonanimal acute toxicity test or battery of such tests is less to predict the acute health effects on humans of a product than the animal acute toxicity test. (b) Animal Acute Toxicity Tests.--If a determination is made that no nonanimal acute toxicity test or battery of tests is as to predict the human reaction to the regulated product as the Draize or other animal acute toxicity test, the appropriate Federal department or agency head shall publish in the Federal Register an explanation of all options considered and the justification for continuing the animal acute toxicity test, which shall be subject to public comment. (c) Periodic Review of Animal Acute Toxicity Testing Regulations.-- At least every 2 years (beginning 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act), each Federal department or agency head, after considering the most recent technological advances available, shall determine whether continued use of any animal acute toxicity test is justified. If a Federal department or agency head determines that such use is justified, then that Federal department or agency head shall publish an explanation and justification of such continued use in the Federal Register, which shall be subject to public comment. SEC. 4. APPLICATION. This Act shall not apply to regulations, guidelines, or recommendations related to medical research. SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Act: (1) Animal.--The term ``animal'' means any vertebrate. (2) Animal acute toxicity test.--The term ``animal acute toxicity test'' means an acute toxicity test on animals, including (but not limited to) the Draize eye or skin irritancy test, LD-50 test, approximate lethal dose test, and the limit test. (3) Federal department or agency head.--The term ``Federal department or agency head'' means the head of a Federal department or agency who-- (A) has authority to promulgate regulations, guidelines, and recommendations with respect to procedures to be used in the safety testing by manufacturers", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01072", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00099", "text": "policy issues that impact the economic activities and the workforce in the manufacturing sector. (2) Chair the Committee on Technology under the National Science and Technology Council. (3) Foster the coordination of manufacturing-related policies and activities across agencies by-- (A) encouraging the use of best innovative manufacturing practices across the Federal Government; (B) ensuring the use of best information technologies and cybersecurity practices for manufacturing; and (C) analyzing the status of manufacturing technology needs across agencies. (4) Conduct technology policy analyses to improve United States manufacturing productivity, technology, and innovation, and cooperate with United States manufacturing industry in the improvement of its productivity, technology, and ability to compete successfully in world markets. (5) Determine the influence of economic, labor, and other conditions, industrial structure and management, and government policies on technological developments in manufacturing sectors worldwide. (6) Identify technological needs, problems, and opportunities within and across the manufacturing sector that, if addressed, could make a significant contribution to the economy of the United States. (7) Assess whether the capital, technical, and other resources being allocated to manufacturing are to generate new technologies, are adequate to meet private and social demands for goods and services, and are sufficient to promote productivity and economic growth. (8) Propose studies and policy experiments, in cooperation with agencies, to determine the effectiveness of measures with the potential of advancing United States technological innovation in manufacturing. (9) Encourage the creation of joint initiatives by State and local governments, regional organizations, private businesses, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, or Federal laboratories to encourage technology transfer, to stimulate innovation, and to promote an appropriate climate for investment in manufacturing-related industries. (10) Propose manufacturing-related cooperative research involving appropriate Federal entities, State or local governments, regional organizations, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, or private industry to promote the common use of resources, to improve training programs and curricula, to stimulate interest in high technology manufacturing careers, and to encourage the effective dissemination of manufacturing technology skills within the wider community. (11) Serve as a focal point for discussions among companies that manufacture in the United States on topics of interest to the manufacturing industry and workforce, including discussions regarding emerging and advanced technologies. (12) Promote Government measures, including legislation, regulation, and policies with the potential of advancing United States technological innovation in manufacturing and exploiting manufacturing innovations of foreign origin. (13) Develop strategies and policies that would encourage manufacturing enterprises to maintain production facilities and retain", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01102", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00100", "text": "We present analysis of archival data from multiple XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. Spectral data from the RGS instruments reveal several strong soft X-ray emission lines, chiefly from hydrogen-like and helium-like oxygen, nitrogen, neon and carbon. Radiative recombination continua (RRC) from oxygen and carbon are also detected. Our analysis suggests that the emission data are consistent with photoionization. Using the CLOUDY photoionization code, we found that, while a two-component, high column density model (10e23 cm-2) with low covering factor proved adequate in reproducing all detected Lyman series lines, it proved insufficient in modeling He-like triplets observed (neon, oxygen, and nitrogen). If resonance line data were ignored, the two-component model was sufficient to match flux from intercombination and forbidden lines. However, with the inclusion of resonance line data, He-like triplets could no longer be modeled with only two components. We found that observed oxygen G and R ratios especially were anomalous in parameter space investigated. We investigated, and were forced to dismiss, the possibility that a third purely collisional component responsible for enhanced resonance line contributions. We succeeded in modeling the observed spectrum with the addition of a third, lower column density (10e20.5 cm-2) component with non-zero microturbulence and high covering factor. While sufficient to reproduce observed soft X-ray flux, our model faces certain shortcomings, particularly in a less-than-ideal visual fit to the line profile. Two of the three emission model components bear similarities to components determined by Kraemer et al. (2005) in their study of NGC 4151 absorption spectra.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00117", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00101", "text": "of them. Hundreds of thousands have gone to Colombia, but authorities there and elsewhere in South America are tightening their borders. Portuguese-speaking Brazil has become the latest alternative for Venezuelans. But they are not finding much comfort there. On a recent day, Militza DonQuis, 38, sat under a tree on the side of the main road in Pacaraima. In the two months since she and her husband arrived from Puerto Cabello, they have not been able to find work. With no money, they can't take the bus to Boa Vista, so they sleep on the ground and scrounge for food during the day. \"This is horrible,\" said DonQuis through tears, adding that in two months she had been unable to send money home to her children, ages 12 and 14, who she left with a sister. With no money for a bus, Jose Guillen, 48, and wife July Bascelta, 44, decided to begin the journey to Boa Vista at night on foot, setting off with 9-year-old twins Angel and Ashley along a road surrounded by forest. \"God will provide,\" said Guillen when asked how the family would eat during a trip that can take five days. After walking 4 miles (6 kilometers), a Brazilian driver stopped agreed to give them a lift to Boa Vista, where the situation is more desperate. Thousands of Venezuelans are living in the streets. They sleep in tents and on benches in central squares, have taken over abandoned buildings and cram dozens of people into small apartments. The largest of three shelters in the city, Tancredo, has 700 people despite being equipped for 200. Half-naked children roam the former gymnasium while groups of men and women chat about their hopes for finding work and worry about the families they left in Venezuela. Charlie Ivan Delgado, 30, said he came to Brazil several months ago with hopes of earning enough money so he and his high school sweetheart could finally afford a wedding. But each time he called home to El Tigre, he would hear the situation was getting worse, that their three children, ages 9, 5 and 1, were always hungry. So he decided to abandon wedding plans and bring his family. \"Kids in Venezuela today don't think about playing with their friends or what they study\" in the university, said Delgado, sitting with his children and partner in a", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00786", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00102", "text": "We review Galactic halo formation theories and supporting evidence, in particular kinematics and detailed chemical abundances of stars in some relevant globular clusters as well as Local Group dwarf galaxies. Outer halo red HB clusters tend to have large eccentricities and inhabit the area populated by dwarf spheroidal stars, favoring an extraGalactic origin. Old globulars show the full range of eccentricities, while younger ones seem to have preferentially high eccentricities, again hinting at their extraGalactic origin. We compare detailed abundances of a variety of elements between the halo and all dwarf galaxies studied to date, including both dwarf spheroidals and irregulars. The salient feature is that halo abundances are essentially unique. In particular, the general alpha vs. [Fe/H] pattern of 12 of the 13 galaxies studied are similar to each other and very different from the Milky Way. Sagittarius be the only possible exception. It appears very unlikely that a significant fraction of the metal-rich halo could have come from disrupted dwarf galaxies of low mass. However, at least some of the metal-poor halo may have come from typical dwarfs, and a portion of the intermediate metallicity halo may have come from very massive systems. The chemical differences between the dwarfs and the halo are due to a combination of a low star formation efficiency and a high galactic wind efficiency in the former. The formation problem may be solved if the majority of halo stars formed within a few, very massive satellites accreted very early. However, any such satellites must either be accreted MUCH earlier than postulated, before the onset of SNe Ia , or star formation must be prevented to occur in them until only shortly before they are accreted.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 353, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00431", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00103", "text": "\"With Yuzuru and Javi, they are kind of coming into the Olympics from a different angle. Obviously due to circumstance,\" Orser says, referring to Hanyu's injury. \"Javi has just been going along at his own pace.\" Orser sat down with his medal contenders in October to offer them some advice. He says, with no trace of bitterness or regret, that he was ready too early for the 1984 and '88 Olympics, when he finished second to Scott Hamilton and then to Brian Boitano. \"Sometimes we have to guide them along the way,\" he says. Daleman be his most impressive project this season. She underwent surgery last May for an abdominal cyst and entered the Olympic campaign with some huge question marks. She's answered them so well that she now must be considered a threat to the Russian and Japanese women in Pyeongchang. \"Gaby had a slow start, surgery, and she has revved it up,\" Orser says. \"She needed a good skate at nationals, and now has a good skip to her step.\" Orser will be seen skipping and stepping at the end boards again in South Korea. He wasn't sure he'd take well to coaching. Today, he recognizes that he has, and he finds it fulfilling. \"I have to say now, I have a lot of confidence in what I am doing and relying on my team,\" he concludes. \"It was not anything specific with Yuna or Yuzuru, I believe in what I am doing and who I am working with. There is the odd time I would second-guess some things, but I look around and see we are doing good stuff. \"People see the star skaters in the forefront. But we look out on the ice with the novice and intermediate skaters and their progression. That gives me confidence and it gives me great satisfaction. I worked hard when I was a skater, I was on time and focused, and that is something that never changes. \"I love skating and love seeing skaters do well.\" ___ More AP Olympic coverage: https://wintergames.ap.org", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 431, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00783", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00104", "text": "The boundary conditions of the heliosphere are set by the ionization, density and composition of inflowing interstellar matter. Constraining the properties of the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) at the heliosphere requires radiative transfer ionization models. We model the background interstellar radiation field using observed stellar FUV and EUV emission and the diffuse soft X-ray background. We also model the emission from the boundary between the LIC and the hot Local Bubble (LB) plasma, assuming that the cloud is evaporating because of thermal conduction. We create a grid of models covering a plausible range of LIC and LB properties, and use the modeled radiation field as input to radiative transfer/thermal equilibrium calculations using the Cloudy code. Data from in situ observations of He^O, pickup ions and anomalous cosmic rays in the heliosphere, and absorption line measurements towards epsilon CMa were used to constrain the input parameters. A restricted range of assumed LIC HI column densities and LB plasma temperatures produce models that match all the observational constraints. The relative weakness of the constraints on N(HI) and T_h contrast with the narrow limits predicted for the H^O and electron density in the LIC at the Sun, n(H^0) = 0.19 - 0.20 cm^-3, and n(e) = 0.07 +/- 0.01 cm^-3. Derived abundances are mostly typical for low density gas, with sub-solar Mg, Si and Fe, subsolar O and N, and S about solar; however C is supersolar. The interstellar gas at the Sun is warm, low density, and partially ionized, with n(H) = 0.23 - 0.27 cm^-3, T = 6300 K, X(H^+) ~ 0.2, and X(He^+) ~ 0.4. These results be robust since acceptable models are found for substantially different input radiation fields. Our results favor low values for the reference solar abundances for the LIC composition.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 416, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00011", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00105", "text": "Over the past two decades, Java has been the most successful programming language on the planet. Go is cool, Swift is nifty, but old-school Java keeps reinventing itself to power both yesterday's and tomorrow's applications. Depending on how you count, some 14 million Java programmers code today, with many of them paid well to maintain massive enterprise applications (an estimated 80% of enterprise workloads run on Java). Redmonk, in its latest Q1 2018 survey, says Java is the second-most popular language after JavaScript among developers. Not that Java lacks challenges. For example, Java is the most divisive technology in the industry—a morass of competing vendors with a constipated governance model that excludes much more than it includes. In this way, Java has left obvious gaps and frustration for developers who need a bridge to a cloud-native future. SEE: Job description: Java developer (Tech Pro Research) To ease that frustration, Tuesday the Eclipse Foundation unveiled new directions for Java EE under the recently-named-by-community-vote Jakarta EE Working Group, the successor to Java EE (which remains licensed by Oracle and maintained under the JCP). Java, cloud-friendly? It just happen. An open Java The one thing everyone agrees about Java is that it's imperfect. And yet there's hope. No longer your grandparent's Cobol, what if a vibrant community embraced Jakarta EE and pushed it much faster than any Java EE before? Under the Eclipse Foundation's guidance, we may finally get the power of open source collaboration to build on the best of Java's two decades of work. Through this new Jakarta EE Working Group process, we should see big Java EE vendors like IBM, Red Hat, and Oracle working within the open processes of the Eclipse Foundation with smaller vendors like Tomitribe and Payara. In this world, there's no single vendor to impose its will on Java. Instead, we may finally get a true code meritocracy where Java communities and individuals function as peers. Instead of a divisive force, Jakarta EE could become a catalyst to join disparate Java communities behind a shared goal. In this case, my bet is on a race to some version of cloud-native implementation for Jakarata EE. You can read all the details on the new Eclipse Foundation governance model online but for me, it's much more interesting to see where the community wants to go. To the credit of the Eclipse Foundation, they surveyed more than 1,800 Java developers", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00513", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00106", "text": "We investigate the braneworld model with induced gravity to clarify the role of the cross-over length scale \\ell in the possible explanation of the dark-matter phenomenon in astrophysics and in cosmology. Observations of the 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen clouds in spiral galaxies reveal that the rotational velocities remain nearly constant at a value v_c ~ 10^{-3}--10^{-4} in the units of the speed of light in the region of the galactic halo. Using the smallness of v_c, we develop a perturbative scheme for reconstructing the metric in a galactic halo. In the leading order of expansion in v_c, at the distances r \\gtrsim v_c \\ell, our result reproduces that obtained in the Randall-Sundrum braneworld model. This inequality is satisfied in a real spiral galaxy such as our Milky Way for distances r ~ 3 kpc, at which the rotational velocity curve becomes flat, v_c ~ 7 \\times 10^{-4}, if \\ell \\lesssim 2 Mpc. The gravitational situation in this case can be approximately described by the Einstein equations with the so-called Weyl fluid playing the role of dark matter. In the region near the gravitating body, we derive a closed system of equations for static spherically symmetric situation under the approximation of zero anisotropic stress of the Weyl fluid. We find the Schwarzschild metric to be an approximate vacuum solution of these equations at distances r \\lesssim (r_g \\ell^2)^{1/3}. The value \\ell \\lesssim 2 Mpc complies well with the solar-system tests. At the same time, in cosmology, a low-density braneworld with \\ell of this order of magnitude can mimic the expansion properties of the high-density LCDM (lambda + cold dark matter) universe at late times. Combined observations of galactic rotation curves and gravitational lensing can discriminate between the higher-dimensional effects and dark matter.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 409, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00214", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00107", "text": "Along the Chari and Logone rivers separating Cameroon from Chad's capital, four flat-bottomed boats, mounted with machine guns, brimming with Chadian and other special forces, round the curve as they approach the riverbank. Forming an assault force, heavily armed soldiers leap out of the vessels and race up a slope to take up positions while backup forces have their machine guns at the ready. It's all part of a military exercise that simulates going after a high-value target – a leader from the ISIS-affiliated Boko Haram insurgency, who's taken up residence in a huddle of huts on the far side of the riverfront, a terrorist safe haven. The assault force demonstrates crucial military steps before capturing and eliminating him. Three weeks of U.S.-led counterterrorism exercises, known as Flintlock 2017, ended last month in Chad, which, along with surrounding countries, has been targeted for the past eight years in deadly violence by Boko Haram. The Flintlock exercises take place each year in a different African country. Boko Haram's uprising began in northeastern Nigeria, to the west of Chad, and has spilled over its borders, killing thousands of people and driving almost 3 million from their homes across the region. The war left a humanitarian catastrophe in its wake. The Trump administration's budget blueprint pledges to boost U.S. military spending by 10 percent — but also promises deep cuts in foreign aid. It's not yet clear what that mean for U.S. counterterrorism efforts here or elsewhere in Africa, though the White House has boosted the U.S. military's authority to carry out strikes in Somalia against al-Shabaab militants linked to al-Qaida. At the same time, the U.S. — the biggest donor to the United Nations — is making the case for cuts in U.N. funding and wants to see changes in U.N. peacekeeping operations, most of which take place in Africa. \"We need to show results,\" U.N. Ambassador Nikki Haley said earlier this month. \"We need to find value.\" Support for foreign nations' counterterrorism efforts, as opposed to big American deployments, were a key tool of the Obama administration. Last year, the U.S. gave $156 million for military support, training and border security in the region straddling Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon, known as the Lake Chad Basin. The military officer in charge of Flintlock 2017, Brig. Gen. Donald Bold", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00657", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00108", "text": "We study the infrared (IR) properties of high-redshift galaxies using deep Spitzer 24, 70, and 160 micron data. Our primary interest is to improve the constraints on the total IR luminosities, L(IR), of these galaxies. We combine the Spitzer data in the southern Extended Chandra Deep Field with a K-band-selected galaxy sample and photometric redshifts from the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile. We used a stacking analysis to measure the average 70 and 160 micron flux densities of 1.5 < z < 2.5 galaxies as a function of 24 micron flux density, X-ray activity, and rest-frame near-IR color. Galaxies with 1.5 < z < 2.5 and S(24)=53-250 micro-Jy have L(IR) derived from their average 24-160 micron flux densities within factors of 2-3 of those derived from the 24 micron flux densities only. However, L(IR) derived from the average 24-160 micron flux densities for galaxies with S(24) > 250 micro-Jy and 1.5 < z < 2.5 are lower than those derived using only the 24 micron flux density by factors of 2-10. Galaxies with S(24) > 250 micro-Jy have S(70)/S(24) flux ratios comparable to sources with X-ray detections or red rest-frame IR colors, suggesting that warm dust heated by AGN may contribute to the high 24 micron emission. Based on the average 24-160 micron flux densities, nearly all 24 micron-selected galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5 have L(IR) < 6 x 10^12 solar luminosities, which if attributed to star formation corresponds to < 1000 solar masses per year. This suggests that high redshift galaxies may have similar star formation efficiencies and feedback processes as local analogs. Objects with L(IR) > 6 x 10^12 solar luminosities are quite rare, with a surface density ~ 30 +/- 10 per sq. deg, corresponding to ~ 2 +/- 1 x 10^-6 Mpc^-3 over 1.5 < z < 2.5.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 471, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00258", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00109", "text": "Chinese conglomerate HNA group on Wednesday said that Wang Jian, the firm's chairman and co-founder, died during a business trip in the south of France. Wang \"accidentally fell causing serious injury, and attempts to rescue him were ineffective,\" the firm said in a statement. \"Together, we mourn the loss of an exceptionally gifted leader and role model, whose vision and values will continue to be a beacon for all who had the good fortune to know him.\" Read more: How dangerous are China's shadow banks? The firm did not provide details on how he died. However, broadcaster France Bleu reported on Tuesday that a man fitting Wang's description had fallen more than 10 meters (33 feet) to his death while attempting to take a photo from a wall. Local police officer Hubert Meriaux also said that \"witness accounts point to a accident\" in the case: \"He stood on the edge of a sharp drop to get his family to take a picture of him and fell.\" However, Meriaux stressed that an autopsy was still pending. Evolution of a Chinese company Wang co-founded the firm in 1993 as a small provincial airline serving the Chinese province of Hainan. Since then, it has transformed into a Fortune 500 company, operating China's four-largest airline and acquiring a 25-percent stake in Hilton Worldwide chain of hotels. Last year, Beijing set its sight on HNA during a crackdown on risky financing, which had long fueled expansion for Chinese companies. The company has since sold off parts of its vast empire in aviation, tourism and financial services to manage its debt. Read more: Will China's high debt levels spark a financial crisis? HNA Group controls an 8.8 percent stake in Deutsche Bank. The company was listed 170 on Fortune 500 Global list in 2017 with $53.3 billion (€62 billion) in revenue. ls/msh (AP, AFP) Each evening at 1830 UTC, DW's editors send out a selection of the day's hard news and quality feature journalism. You can sign up to receive it directly here.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 426, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00832", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00110", "text": "We calculate the energy release associated with a strong first-order phase transition, from normal phase N to an \"exotic\" superdense phase S, in a rotating neutron star. Such a phase transition, accompanied by a density jump rho_N --> rho_S, is characterized by rho_S/rho_N > 3/2(1+P_0/rho_N c^2), where P_0 is the pressure, at which phase transition occurs. Configurations with small S-phase cores are then unstable and collapse into stars with large S-phase cores. The energy release is equal to the difference in mass-energies between the initial (normal) configuration and the final configuration containing an S-phase core, total stellar baryon mass and angular momentum being kept constant. The calculations of the energy release are based on precise numerical 2-D calculations. Polytropic equations of state (EOSs) as well as realistic EOS with strong first-order phase transition due to kaon condensation are used. For polytropic EOSs, a large parameter space is studied. For a fixed \"overpressure\", dP, defined as the relative excess of central pressure of collapsing metastable star over the pressure of equilibrium first-order phase transition, the energy release E_rel does not depend on the stellar angular momentum. It coincides with that for nonrotating stars with the same dP. Therefore, results of 1-D calculations of E_rel(dP) for non-rotating stars can be used to predict, with very high precision, the outcome of much harder to perform 2-D calculations for rotating stars with the same dP. This result holds also for dP_min < dP < 0, corresponding to phase transitions with climbing over the energy barrier separating metastable N-phase configurations from those with an S-phase core. Such phase transitions realized in the cores of newly born, hot, pulsating neutron stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 385, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00397", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00111", "text": "CARDIFF, Wales (AP) — Even with its best team in a generation, England won't be ending its trophy drought in global 50-over competitions this year. Favorite to beat Pakistan in the Champions Trophy semifinal on Wednesday, England went down to an embarrassing eight-wicket defeat at Sophia Gardens. \"Every partnership we had started behind the rate, which put us under the pump a little bit, and none of our batsmen seemed to get away,\" England captain Eoin Morgan said. \"It's a big frustration because we've played some great cricket in this tournament so far, and we weren't anywhere close to it today.\" Morgan, who called it a \"pretty dull\" game, denied his team may have been over-confident with England widely touted to be on course for ending its record of five defeats in five 50-over finals, including runners-up in the 2004 and 2013 Champions Trophy. \"We played against some really good sides recently, and we've managed to beat them. Certainly that hasn't gone to our heads at all,\" Morgan said. England endured a shock elimination in the group stage of the 2015 Cricket World Cup and, looking ahead to the 2019 edition in England, Morgan said the experience of this Champions Trophy wouldn't change the attacking stance of his team. \"You know, one of the huge contributing factors towards topping our table and playing very good cricket in the group stages is that we've stayed true to what we believe in and what's worked for us the last couple of years, and that's the continued formula for the future. \"it will have to evolve in whatever manner the game does over the next two years in the lead-in to the World Cup, but certainly we're moving in the right direction.\" England didn't get much right on Wednesday, except recalling Jonny Bairstow. Bairstow justified the switch by scoring 43, almost as much as the dropped Jason Roy managed in eight innings this summer. Bairstow's 57-ball knock was all the more impressive since it marked the first time he has opened for England — and he took the strike. He needed some luck to survive, however. That included an extremely close leg-before-wicket appeal by Pakistan in the first over from left-arm quick Junaid Khan. More good fortune was to come for the 27-year-old Bairstow. On 27, he was dropped by Azhar", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00767", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00112", "text": "We study the dynamical interaction of the solar chromosphere with the transition region in mossy and non-mossy active-region plage. We carefully align image sequences taken with the Transition Region And Coronal Explorer (TRACE) in the ultraviolet passbands around 1550, 1600, and 1700 A and the extreme ultraviolet passbands at 171 and 195 A. We compute Fourier phase-difference spectra that are spatially averaged separately over mossy and non-mossy plage to study temporal modulations as a function of temporal frequency. The 1550 versus 171 A comparison shows zero phase difference in non-mossy plage. In mossy plage, the phase differences between all UV and EUV passbands show pronounced upward trends with increasing frequency, which abruptly changes into zero phase difference beyond 4-6 mHz. The phase difference between the 171 and 195 A sequences exhibits a shallow dip below 3 mHz and then also turns to zero phase difference beyond this value. We attribute the various similarities between the UV and EUV diagnostics that are evident in the phase-difference diagrams to the contribution of the C IV resonance lines in the 1550 and 1600 A passbands. The strong upward trend at the lower frequencies indicates the presence of upward-traveling disturbances. It points to correspondence between the lower chromosphere and the upper transition region, by slow-mode magnetosonic disturbances, or by a connection between chromospheric and coronal heating mechanisms. The transition from this upward trend to zero phase difference at higher frequencies is due to the intermittent obscuration by fibrils that occult the foot points of hot loops, which are bright in the EUV and C IV lines, in oscillatory manner.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 352, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00256", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00113", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Shelter, Land, and Urban Management (SLUM) Assistance Act of 2009''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Approximately 51 percent of the world's population currently lives in cities of all sizes and produces the majority of the world's economic output. (2) Approximately one billion people currently live in slums, and more than half of this population is under the age of 25. (3) It is estimated that by 2030 the number of people living in slums will double. (4) Slums are characterized by inadequate access to safe water, sanitation, and other essential infrastructure, overcrowding, poorly structured housing, and insecure residential and property ownership status. (5) Eighty-eight percent of all disease is caused by unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene and almost 50 percent of all people in developing countries suffer health problems caused by water and sanitation deficits. (6) Over 1.1 billion people lack adequate access to safe water and nearly 2.5 billion lack access to sanitation services. (7) The costs of diseases and productivity losses linked to water and sanitation in less developed countries amount to two percent of gross domestic product and up to five percent in sub-Saharan Africa. (8) Insecure lease and real property ownership tenure often subject slum dwellers to arbitrary, often supra-market rents, forced evictions, threats, and harassment. (9) In 2007, approximately five million people were subject to forced evictions, and projections show that the number of forced evictions are to increase to between 40 million and 70 million in the next 20 years. (10) Insecurity of tenure severely inhibits economic development by undermining investment incentives and constraining the growth of credit markets, imperils the ability of families to achieve sustainable livelihoods and assured access to shelter, and often contributes to conflict over property rights. (11) Women make up 66 percent of the world's work force, but own less than 15 percent of the property globally. (12) Women are affected disproportionally by forced evictions and insecure tenure as a result of gender discrimination, often including gender-biased laws that define women as legal minors or otherwise prevent them from acquiring and securing land, property, and housing lease or ownership rights, making them more vulnerable to poverty, violence, and", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00894", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00114", "text": "The GLIMPSE archive was used to obtain 3.6--8.0micron, point source photometry and images for 381 massive protostellar candidates lying in the Galactic mid-plane. The colours, magnitudes and spectral indicies of sources in each of the 381 target fields were analysed and compared with the predictions of 2D radiative transfer model simulations. Although no discernable embedded clusters were found in any targets, multiple sources or associations of redenned young stellar objects were found in many sources indicating multiplicity at birth. The spectral index ($\\alpha$) of these point sources in 3.6--8.0mum bands display large values of $\\alpha$=2--5. A color-magnitude analog plot was used to identify 79 infrared counterparts to the HMPOs. Compact nebulae are found in 75% of the detected sources with morphologies that can be well described by core-halo, cometary, shell-like and bipolar geometries similar to those observed in ultra-compact HII regions. The IRAC band SEDs of the IR counterparts of HMPOs are best described to represent YSOs with a mass range of 8--20\\msun in their Class I stages when compared with 2D radiative transfer models. They also suggest that the high $\\alpha$ values represent reprocessed star/star+disk emission that is arising in the dense envelopes. Thus we are witnessing the luminous envelopes around the protostars rather than their photospheres or disks. We argue that the compact infrared nebulae reflect the underlying physical structure of the dense cores and are found to imitate the morphologies of known UCHII regions. Our results favour models of continuuing accretion involving both molecular and ionised accretion components to build the most massive stars rather than purely molecular rapid accretion flows.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 383, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00193", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00115", "text": "Estimates of molecular divergence times when rates of evolution vary require the assumption of a model of rate change. Brownian motion is one such model, and since rates cannot become negative, a log Brownian model appropriate. Divergence time estimates can then be made using weighted least squares penalties. As sequences become long, this approach effectively becomes equivalent to penalized likelihood or Bayesian approaches. Different forms of the least squares penalty are considered to take into account correlation due to shared ancestors. It is shown that a scale parameter is also needed since the sum of squares changes with the scale of time. Errors or uncertainty on fossil calibrations, may be folded in with errors due to the stochastic nature of Brownian motion and ancestral polymorphism, giving a total sum of squares to be minimized. Applying these methods to placental mammal data the estimated age of the root decreases from 125 to about 94 mybp. However, multiple fossil calibration points and relative molecular divergence times inflate the sum of squares more than expected. If fossil data are also bootstrapped, then the confidence interval for the root of placental mammals varies widely from ~70 to 130 mybp. Such a wide interval suggests that more and better fossil calibration data is needed and/or better models of rate evolution are needed and/or better molecular data are needed. Until these issues are thoroughly investigated, it is premature to declare either the old molecular dates frequently obtained (e.g. > 110 mybp) or the lack of identified placental fossils in the Cretaceous, more indicative of when crown-group placental mammals evolved.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00390", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00116", "text": "social afternoon of animal fun and creativity. The event is NT$1,600 per person (or NT$1,400) if you sign up as a group and starts at 1:00 p.m. For fans of stand-up comedy, don’t miss a great opportunity to check out some local talent this Friday night. The Taiwan Whackpats of Comedy and the Royal Art Café are hosting “Comedy Night Returns,” which is sure to be one of the “funniest Friday night in Taipei, featuring Taiwan’s best comedians.” The show starts at 9:30 p.m. prompt, entrance is NT$250. Check the event page for more info. If you’re looking for a relaxing Sunday night and an opportunity to make new friends, and practice you Chinese of your English, then check out the Triple B Social (BBQ, Beer, and Board Games) at the Lab (众樂Lab). Food and board games will be available from Noon until 9 p.m on June 3. The organizers are planning to make the Triple B Social a regular monthly gathering. Go check it out! National Theater and Concert Hall Harry Potter fans, act quickly, because there are only a few seats left for the three performances of Harry Potter and the Philiosopher’s Stone in Concert which is being shown Friday, Saturday and Sunday at the National Concert Hall. If you’ve ever wanted to experience a Harry Potter adventure accompanied with a full orchestra, now is your chance. The Taiwanese theater group Storyworks is performing their work entitled “As you like it” (偽婚男女) a touching but comedic story about family, marriage and sexuality. The story follows two gay couples that attempt to make their family members happy by agreeing to marriage with each other’s partners. There are four performances of the show this weekend June 1 – June 3 at the National Concert Hall. Next week on Wednesday June 6, the Ukrainian National Ballet will have the first of three performances at the National Theater in Taipei. There are still tickets available for what are certain to be spectacular performances from the Kiev Ballet ensemble and the Ukrainian National Opera. Performances will also be held Thursday, June 7, and Friday, June 8. Visit the official event page for more info. Also on June 6 is the 50th anniversary performance of Taipei Civic Symphony Orchestra. It will be held at the National Concert Hall at 6:30 p.m. Tickets range from NT$", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00755", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00117", "text": "the Coast Guard for the following 30 years; (8) the Admiral's House on Governors Island hosted the final summit meeting between President Ronald W. Reagan and Soviet Premier Mikhail S. Gorbachev in December 1988, where the leaders presented each other with the Articles of Ratification for the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty; (9) the Coast Guard ceased operations at Governors Island in 1997, leaving 225 buildings unoccupied, unused, and exposed to the harsh elements of New York Harbor; (10) Castle Williams is named after Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan Williams, who built the semi-circular ``cheesebox'' fort and later served as the first superintendent of West Point Military Academy; (11) the pentagonal Fort Jay, named after John Jay, is the complement of Fort Wood on nearby Bedloe Island, which serves as the base of the Statue of Liberty; (12) Castle Williams and Fort Jay, located within the Governors Island National Historic Landmark District, and more than 200 years of contributions to the history of the United States lost if Governors Island were to remain vacant or be sold to a private entity; (13) Castle Williams and Fort Jay, key elements of the Governors Island National Historic Landmark District, are worthy of continued Federal protection and should be designated a unit of the National Park System; and (14) the State of New York and the city of New York have agreed to a plan to be administered by the Governors Island Redevelopment Corporation, a subsidiary of the Empire State Development Corporation, that-- (A) offers what may be the only opportunity to ensure-- (i) public access to Governors Island; (ii) the preservation and protection of historic structures on Governors Island for future generations; and (iii) the ability of local elected officials, local community boards, and community organizations to participate in the redevelopment of Governors Island; and (B) would provide substantial educational and recreational facilities to the public. (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are-- (1) to prevent the deterioration of the historic military buildings on Governors Island in New York Harbor; (2) to ensure that Castle Williams and Fort Jay are-- (A) retained in Federal ownership; (B) available for the benefit and inspiration of the people of the United States; and (C) afforded protection by the National Park Service as a unit of the National Park System; (3) to provide the general public with-- (A) access to Governors Island", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01003", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00118", "text": "would have no recourse. A significant danger exists that due process be evaded simply by failing to bring detainees before a tribunal for trial. (15) Congressional authorization is necessary for the establishment of extraordinary tribunals to adjudicate and punish offenses arising from the September 11, 2001 attacks against the United States and to provide a clear and unambiguous legal foundation for such trials. (16) Judicial review of individual detentions is best handled by a court that would not have to appoint special masters or magistrates to do the necessary fact finding. SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF EXTRAORDINARY TRIBUNALS. (a) Authority.--The President is hereby authorized to establish tribunals for the trial of individuals who-- (1) are not United States persons or residents; (2) are members of al Qaeda who knowingly planned, authorized, committed, aided, or abetted one or more terrorist acts against the United States, or members of other terrorist organizations who knowingly cooperated with members of al Qaeda in planning, authorizing, committing, aiding, or abetting one or more terrorists acts against the United States; and (3) are not prisoners of war within the meaning of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done on August 12, 1949. (b) Jurisdiction.--Tribunals established under subsection (a) may adjudicate violations of the law of war, international laws of armed conflict, and crimes against humanity targeted against United States persons or residents. (c) Authority To Establish Procedural Rules.--The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, shall prescribe and publish in the Federal Register, and report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the rules of evidence and procedure that are to apply to tribunals established under subsection (a). SEC. 4. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS. (a) In General.--The rules prescribed for a tribunal under section 3(c) shall be designed to ensure a full and fair hearing of the charges against the accused. The rules shall require the following: (1) That the tribunal be independent and impartial. (2) That the accused be notified of the particulars of the offense charged or alleged without delay. (3) That the proceedings be made simultaneously intelligible for participants not conversant in the English language by translation or interpretation. (4) That the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00861", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00119", "text": "Late phase nebular spectra and photometry of Type Ib Supernova (SN) 2005bf taken by the Subaru telescope at ~ 270 and ~ 310 days since the explosion are presented. Emission lines ([OI]6300, 6363, [CaII]7291, 7324, [FeII]7155) show the blueshift of ~ 1,500 - 2,000 km s-1. The [OI] doublet shows a doubly-peaked profile. The line luminosities can be interpreted as coming from a blob or jet containing only ~ 0.1 - 0.4 Msun, in which ~ 0.02 - 0.06 Msun is 56Ni synthesized at the explosion. To explain the blueshift, the blob should either be of unipolar moving at the center-of-mass velocity v ~ 2,000 - 5,000 km s-1, or suffer from self-absorption within the ejecta as seen in SN 1990I. In both interpretations, the low-mass blob component dominates the optical output both at the first peak (~ 20 days) and at the late phase (~ 300 days). The low luminosity at the late phase (the absolute R magnitude M_R ~ -10.2 mag at ~ 270 days) sets the upper limit for the mass of 56Ni < ~ 0.08 Msun, which is in contradiction to the value necessary to explain the second, main peak luminosity (M_R ~ -18.3 mag at ~ 40 days). Encountered by this difficulty in the 56Ni heating model, we suggest an alternative scenario in which the heating source is a newly born, strongly magnetized neutron star (a magnetar) with the surface magnetic field Bmag ~ 10^{14-15} gauss and the initial spin period P0 ~ 10 ms. Then, SN 2005bf a link between normal SNe Ib/c and an X-Ray Flash associated SN 2006aj, connected in terms of Bmag and/or P0.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 433, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00157", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00120", "text": ", particularly for political activists, remained a problem'', with the Government of Vietnam sentencing 29 arrested activists during 2014. Of those, 6 activists were convicted on national security charges in the penal code for ``undermining the unity policy'', 17 for ``causing public disorder'', and 6 for ``abusing democratic freedoms''. (7) At the end of 2014, the Government of Vietnam reportedly held more than 125 political prisoners. (8) On September 24, 2012, 3 prominent Vietnamese bloggers--Nguyen Van Hai (also known as Dieu Cay), Ta Phong Tan, and Phan Thanh Hai (also known as Anh Ba Saigon)--were sentenced to prison based on 3-year-old blog postings criticizing the Government and leaders of Vietnam and the Communist Party of Vietnam. Nguyen Van Hai served 2 years of a 12-year prison sentence on charges of ``conducting propaganda against the state'' but was later released and departed from Vietnam. If he were to return, he would have to complete his prison sentence. (9) United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay responded to the sentencing of the bloggers on September 25, 2012, stating that ``[t]he harsh prison terms handed down to bloggers exemplify the severe restrictions on freedom of expression in Vietnam'' and calling the sentences an ``unfortunate development that undermines the commitments Vietnam has made internationally... to protect and promote the right to freedom of expression''. (10) On March 21, 2013, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Daniel B. Baer testified before the Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that ``in Vietnam we've been disappointed in recent years to see backsliding, particularly on... freedom of expression issues... people are being prosecuted for what they say online under really draconian national security laws... that is an issue that we continue to raise, both in our human rights dialogue with the Vietnamese as well as in other bilateral engagements''. (11) Although the Constitution of Vietnam provides for freedom of religion, the Department of State's 2013 International Religious Freedom Report maintains, ``Government practices and bureaucratic impediments restricted religious freedom. Unregistered and unrecognized religious groups were often subject to harassment, as well as coercive and punitive actions by authorities.''. (12) Likewise, the United States Commission", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01067", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00121", "text": "We report the results of spectroscopic mapping observations carried out toward small (1 x 1 arcmin) regions within the supernova remnants W44, W28, IC443, and 3C391 using the Infrared Spectrograph of the Spitzer Space Telescope. These observations, covering the 5.2 - 37 micron spectral region, have led to the detection of a total of 15 fine structure transitions of Ne+, Ne++, Si+, P+, S, S++, Cl+, Fe+, and Fe++; the S(0) - S(7) pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen; and the R(3) and R(4) transitions of hydrogen deuteride. In addition to these 25 spectral lines, the 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3 and 12.6 micron PAH emission bands were also observed. Most of the detected line transitions have proven strong enough to map in several sources, providing a comprehensive picture of the relative distribution of the various line emissions observable in the Spitzer/IRS bandpass. A principal component analysis of the spectral line maps reveals that the observed emission lines fall into five distinct groups, each of which may exhibit a distinct spatial distribution: (1) lines of S and H2 (J > 2); (2) the H2 S(0) line; (3) lines of ions with appearance potentials less than 13.6 eV; (4) lines of ions with appearance potentials greater than 13.6 eV, not including S++; (5) lines of S++. Lines of group (1) originate in molecular material subject to a slow, nondissociative shock that is driven by the overpressure within the supernova remnant, and lines in groups (3) - (5) are associated primarily with dissociative shock fronts with a range of (larger) shock velocities. The H2 S(0) line shows a low-density diffuse emission component, and - in some sources - a shock-excited component.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 419, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00056", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00122", "text": "documentation, or packaging of any type or nature, knowing that a counterfeit mark has been applied thereto, the use of which is to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive,''. (2) Subsection (b) is amended to read as follows: ``(b)(1) The following property shall be subject to forfeiture to the United States and no property right shall exist in such property: ``(A) Any article bearing or consisting of a counterfeit mark used in committing a violation of subsection (a). ``(B) Any property used, in any manner or part, to commit or to facilitate the commission of a violation of subsection (a). ``(2) The provisions of chapter 46 of this title relating to civil forfeitures, including section 983 of this title, shall extend to any seizure or civil forfeiture under this section. At the conclusion of the forfeiture proceedings, the court, unless otherwise requested by an agency of the United States, shall order that any forfeited article bearing or consisting of a counterfeit mark be destroyed or otherwise disposed of according to law. ``(3)(A) The court, in imposing sentence on a person convicted of an offense under this section, shall order, in addition to any other sentence imposed, that the person forfeit to the United States-- ``(i) any property constituting or derived from any proceeds the person obtained, directly or indirectly, as the result of the offense; ``(ii) any of the person's property used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit, facilitate, aid, or abet the commission of the offense; and ``(iii) any article that bears or consists of a counterfeit mark used in committing the offense. ``(B) The forfeiture of property under subparagraph (A), including any seizure and disposition of the property and any related judicial or administrative proceeding, shall be governed by the procedures set forth in section 413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 853), other than subsection (d) of that section. Notwithstanding section 413(h) of that Act, at the conclusion of the forfeiture proceedings, the court shall order that any forfeited article or component of an article bearing or consisting of a counterfeit mark be destroyed. ``(4) When a person is convicted of an offense under this section, the court, pursuant to sections 3556, 3663A, and 3664, shall order the person to", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00933", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00123", "text": "DALLAS (AP) — Darcy Kuemper picked up his ninth career shutout. He handed off the credit to his teammates with the Los Angeles Kings. Kuemper made 28 saves to help Los Angeles beat the Dallas Stars 3-0 on Tuesday night. \"The guys made it so easy in front of me that it was just fun to go out there and play,\" he said. The 27-year-old Kuemper made his second straight start in place of Jonathan Quick, who is out with an upper-body injury. Kuemper got his second shutout and improved to 7-1-3 in his first season with Los Angeles. \"I'm just excited for the opportunity to play a couple in a row,\" Kuemper said. Paul LaDue, Drew Doughty and Alec Martinez scored as Los Angeles (27-18-5) earned its second straight win. The Kings are among a group of playoff contenders with 59 points, one point behind Dallas. Ben Bishop made 39 saves for the Stars (28-19-4), who dropped their second straight game, but retained a tenuous one-point lead for the Western Conference's first wild card. \"the desperation of playing a team ahead of us in the standings really brought the best out of us tonight,\" Kuemper said. \"Against a line as scary as their top line is, we hardly gave them anything.\" Dallas star Jamie Benn did not record a shot on goal. Alexander Radulov, who came into the night with 16 points in nine games, and Tyler Seguin failed to connect on any of their eight shots. \"I thought tonight we were the worst group of guys out there,\" Seguin said. The Stars have been outscored 7-1 in their last two games, including a 4-1 loss to Toronto right before the All-Star break. \"The game before the break (Toronto) came in and checked us hard with no response, and today the same thing,\" Stars coach Ken Hitchcock said. \"So the concern is how do we respond to getting played hard. Instead of getting excited and digging in, we go the other way.\" Dallas came up empty on each of its four power plays against the NHL's best penalty killers. \"(Dustin Brown) does the job on the penalty kill, and he's done that all year,\" Kings coach John Stevens said. \"He's critical to the success on", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00801", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00124", "text": "We present optical spectroscopy of nine cataclysmic binary stars, mostly dwarf novae, obtained primarily to determine orbital periods Porb. The stars and their periods are LX And, 0.1509743(5) d; CZ Aql, 0.2005(6) d; LU Cam, 0.1499686(4) d; GZ Cnc, 0.0881(4) d; V632 Cyg, 0.06377(8) d; V1006 Cyg, 0.09903(9) d; BF Eri, 0.2708804(4) d; BI Ori, 0.1915(5) d; and FO Per, for which Porb is either 0.1467(4) or 0.1719(5) d. Several of the stars proved to be especially interesting. In BF Eri, we detect the absorption spectrum of a secondary star of spectral type K3 +- 1 subclass, which leads to a distance estimate of approximately 1 kpc. However, BF Eri has a large proper motion (100 mas/yr), and we have a preliminary parallax measurement that confirms the large proper motion and yields only an upper limit for the parallax. BF Eri's space velocity is evidently large, and it belong to the halo population. In CZ Aql, the emission lines have strong wings that move with large velocity amplitude, suggesting a magnetically-channeled accretion flow. The orbital period of V1006 Cyg places it squarely within the 2- to 3-hour \"gap\" in the distribution of cataclysmic binary orbital periods.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 351, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00016", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00125", "text": ". under the bid plan, including all from the quarterfinals on. Three cities were included from Mexico and Canada, and both of those nations would host 10 games. Holding a tournament in the U.S. would subject many of the documents generated to subpoena by U.S. federal prosecutors, who have secured numerous guilty pleas to corruption charges from soccer officials since 2015 and obtained convictions at trial last year against Juan Angel Napout, the former president of South American soccer's governing body, and Jose Maria Marin, the former president of Brazil's soccer federation. \"We haven't had any of those concerns raised by any of the members that we've met so far,\" Cordeiro said. \"The reforms that FIFA undertook some years ago were spot on and we feel very confident that ultimately the right decision will be made.\" Morocco's bid envisions spending almost $16 billion, including $3 billion to construct nine new stadiums, refurbish five others and build or renovate 130 training grounds. The North American bid proposed venues be selected from among 23 stadiums that exist or already are under construction, including three each in Mexico and Canada. Sixteen of the U.S. stadiums are sites of NFL teams. \"The split of matches that we have proposed to FIFA frankly reflects the resources of the three countries,\" Cordeiro said. \"We in the United States are blessed with some very substantial resources in terms of stadium infrastructure, of cities and so on, and that reflects the 60 matches that we have on the table. But at the end of the day there is a reason why FIFA have asked for or have encouraged joint bids and we do think that our joint bids taken together provide for a vastly superior bid than our competition.\" ___ AP Sports Writer Rob Harris contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 361, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00799", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00126", "text": "Abridged... Blue stragglers (BSS) are thought to be the product of either primordial or collisional binary systems. In the context of dwarf spheroidal galaxies it is hard to firmly disentangle a genuine BSS population from young main sequence (MS) stars tracing a ~1-2 Gyr old star forming episode. Assuming that their blue plume populations are made of BSS, we estimate the BSS frequency for 8 Local Group non star-forming dwarf galaxies, using a compilation of ground and space based photometry. Our results can be summarized as follows: (i) The BSS frequency in dwarf galaxies, at any given Mv, is always higher than that in globular clusters of similar luminosities; (ii) the BSS frequency for the lowest luminosity dwarf galaxies is in excellent agreement with that observed in the Milky Way halo; and most interestingly (iii) derive a statistically significant anti-correlation between the BSS frequency and the galaxy Mv. The low density, almost collision-less, environments of our dwarf galaxy sample allow us to infer (i) their very low dynamical evolution; (ii) a negligible production of collisional BSS; and consequently (iii) that their blue plumes are mainly made of primordial binaries. The dwarf galaxies anti-correlation can be used as a discriminator: galaxies obeying the anti-correlation are more to possess genuine primordial BSS rather than young main sequence stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00034", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00127", "text": "The paper comments on properties of the so-called \"Unified approach to the construction of classical confidence intervals\", in which confidence intervals are computed in a Neyman construction using the likelihood ratio as ordering quantity. In particular, two of the main results of a paper by Feldman and Cousins (F&C) are discussed. It is shown that in the case of central intervals the so-called flip-flopping problem, occuring in the specific scenario where the experimenter decides to quote a standard upper limit or a confidence interval depending on the measurement, can be easily avoided by choosing appropriate confidence levels for the standard upper limits and confidence intervals. In the F&C paper \"upper limit\" is defined as the upper edge of a confidence interval, whose lower edge coincides with the physical limit. With this definition of upper limit (F&C limit), in an approach which uses the likelihood ratio as ordering quantity, two-sided confidence intervals automatically change over to \"upper limits\" as the signal becomes weaker (Unified approach). In the present paper it is pointed out that this behaviour is not a special property of this approach, because approaches with other ordering principles, like central intervals, symmetric intervals or highest-probability intervals, exhibit the same behaviour. The Unified approach is presented in the F&C paper as a solution to the flip-flopping problem. This suggest that the F&C limit is a standard upper limit. In order to exclude any misunderstanding, it is proposed in the present paper to call the F&C limit \"upper edge of the confidence interval\", even if its lower edge coincides with the physical limit.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 319, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00287", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00128", "text": "free number]. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Alcohol is a drug and may be addictive. If you know someone who has an alcohol or other drug problem or has trouble controlling their drinking, call [insert appropriate toll free number]. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Drive sober. If you don't, you could lose your driver's license or even your life. Alcohol impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery. If you or people you love drink and drive, call [insert appropriate toll free number]. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Don't mix alcohol with over- the-counter, prescription, or illicit drugs. For more information call [insert appropriate toll free number]. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: If you drink too much alcohol too fast, you can die. You can be poisoned by alcohol if you drink [insert number of drinks] in [insert time]. To find out more about alcohol poisoning call [insert appropriate toll free number]. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Drinking increases your risks of high blood pressure, liver disease, and cancer. The more you drink, the more it is that you will have such health problems. To find out how to prevent getting such health problems call [insert appropriate toll free number]., or (2) advertise or cause to be advertised through radio, television broadcasting (including cable broadcasting and paid per view or subscription television), or other electronic means any alcoholic beverage unless the advertising includes, in accordance with requirements of section 3(b), one of the following health warnings: SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: If you are pregnant, don't drink alcohol. Alcohol may cause mental retardation and other birth defects. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Alcohol is a drug and may be addictive. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Drive sober. If you don't, you could lose your driver's license or even your life. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Don't mix alcohol with over- the-counter, prescription, or illicit drugs. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: If you drink too much alcohol too fast, you can die of alcohol poisoning. SURGEON GENERAL'S WARNING: Drinking too much alcohol increases your risk of high blood pressure, liver disease, and cancer. (b) Toll Free Numbers.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall be responsible for establishing and maintaining the toll free numbers referred to in the health warnings required by subsection (a)(1). The Secretary shall report to Congress annually on the number of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00870", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00129", "text": "(Abridged) We present a search for the progenitor star of the Type Ic Supernova 2002ap in deep, high quality pre-explosion observations taken with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). Aligning high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the supernova itself with the archival CFHT images allowed us to pinpoint the location of the progenitor site on the ground based observations. We find that a source visible in the B and R band pre-explosion images close to the position of the SN is (1) not coincident with the SN position within the uncertainties of our relative astrometry, and (2) is still visible ~ 4.7 yrs post-explosion in late-time observations taken with the William Herschel Telescope. We therefore conclude that it is not the progenitor of SN 2002ap. Comparing our luminosity limits with stellar models of single stars at appropriate metallicity (Z=0.008) we conclude that any single star progenitor must have experienced at least twice the standard mass loss rates during pre-Wolf-Rayet evolution, been initially > 30-40M(Sun) and exploded as a Wolf-Rayet star of final mass 10-12M(Sun). Alternatively an initially less massive progenitor may have evolved in an interacting binary system. We constrain any possible binary companion to a main sequence star of < 20M(Sun), a neutron star or a black hole. By combining the pre-explosion limits with the ejecta mass estimates and constraints from X-ray and radio observations we conclude that any binary interaction most occurred as Case B mass transfer, either with or without a subsequent common envelope evolution phase.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00210", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00130", "text": "Aim: To extend the investigations of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) beyond the well studied Fornax and Virgo clusters. Methods: We measured spectroscopic redshifts of about 400 compact object candidates with 19.2 < V < 22.4 mag in the central region of the Centaurus galaxy cluster (d=43Mpc), using VIMOS@VLT. The luminosity range of the candidates covers that of bright globular clusters (GCs) and of UCDs in Fornax and Virgo. Results: We confirm the cluster membership of 27 compact objects, covering an absolute magnitude range -12.2 < M_V < -10.9 mag. We do not find counterparts to the two very large and bright UCDs in Fornax and Virgo with M_V=-13.5 mag, due to survey incompleteness. The compact objects' distribution in magnitude and space is consistent with that of the GC population. Their kinematics and spatial distribution associate them to the central galaxies rather than to the overall cluster potential. The compact objects have a mean metallicity consistent with that of the metal-rich globular cluster sub-population. Compact objects with high S/N spectra exhibit solar [alpha/Fe] abundances, consistent with typical dwarf elliptical galaxy values and unlike galactic bulge globular clusters. HST based size estimates for a sub-sample of eight compact objects reveal the existence of one very large object with half-light radius r_h around 30 pc, having M_V=-11.6 mag (~10^7 M_sun). This source shows super-solar [alpha/Fe] abundances. Seven further sources are only marginally larger than typical GCs with r_h in the range 4 to 10 pc. Conclusions: We consider the largest compact object found to be the only bona-fide UCD detected in our study. In order to improve our understanding of UCDs in Centaurus, a significant increase of our survey completeness is necessary.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 413, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00266", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00131", "text": "We differentiate between the metal enrichment of the gas in virialized minihalos and that of the intergalactic medium at high redshift, pertinent to cosmological reionization, with the initial expectation that gas in the high density regions within formed dark matter halos may be more robust thus resistant to mixing with lower density intergalactic medium. Using detailed hydrodynamic simulations of gas clouds in minihalos subject to destructive processes associated with the encompassing intergalactic shocks carrying metal-enriched gas, we find, as an example, that, for realistic shocks of velocities of 10-100km/s, more than (90%,65%) of the high density gas with rho>500 rhob inside a minihalo virialized at z=10 of mass (10^7,10^6)Msun remains at a metallicity lower than 3% of that of the intergalactic medium by redshift z=6. It may be expected that the high density gas in minihalos becomes fuel for subsequent star formation, when they are incorporated into larger halos where efficient atomic cooling can induce gas condensation hence star formation. Since minihalos virialize at high redshift when the universe is not expected to have been significantly reionized, the implication is that gas in virialized minihalos may provide an abundant reservoir of primordial gas to allow for the formation of Population-III metal-free stars to extend to much lower redshift than otherwise expected based on the enrichment of intergalactic medium.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00092", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00132", "text": "We present mid-IR spectral decomposition of a sample of 48 Spitzer-selected ULIRGs spanning z~1-3 and L_IR~10^12-10^13Lsun. Our study aims at quantifying the star-formation and AGN processes in these sources which recent results suggest have evolved strongly between the observed epoch and today. To do this, we study the mid-IR contribution of PAH emission, continuum, and extinction. About 3/4 of our sample are continuum- (i.e. AGN) dominated sources, but ~60% of these show PAH emission, suggesting the presence of star-formation activity. These sources have redder mid-IR colors than typical optically-selected quasars. About 25% of our sample have strong PAH emission, but none are to be pure starbursts as reflected in their relatively high 5um hot dust continua. However, their steep 30um-to-14um slopes suggest that star-formation dominate the total infrared luminosity. Six of our z~2 sources have EW6.2>~0.3um and L_14um>~10^12Lsun (implying L_IR>~10^13Lsun). At these luminosities, such high EW6.2 ULIRGs do not exist in the local Universe. We find a median optical depth at 9.7um of <tau_9.7>=1.4. This is consistent with local IRAS-selected ULIRGs, but differs from early results on SCUBA-selected z~2 ULIRGs. Similar to local ULIRGs about 25% of our sample show extreme obscuration (tau_9.7>~3) suggesting buried nuclei. In general, we find that our sources are similar to local ULIRGs, but are an order of magnitude more luminous. It is not clear whether our z~2 ULIRGs are simply scaled-up versions of local ULIRGs, or subject to fundamentally different physical processes.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 417, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00048", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00133", "text": "such mark was so registered; ``(iii) that is applied to or used in connection with the goods or services for which the mark is registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or is applied to or consists of a label, patch, sticker, wrapper, badge, emblem, medallion, charm, box, container, can, case, hangtag, documentation, or packaging of any type or nature that is designed, marketed, or otherwise intended to be used on or in connection with the goods or services for which the mark is registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office; and ``(iv) the use of which is to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive; or''; and (B) by amending the matter following subparagraph (B) to read as follows: ``but such term does not include any mark or designation used in connection with goods or services, or a mark or designation applied to labels, patches, stickers, wrappers, badges, emblems, medallions, charms, boxes, containers, cans, cases, hangtags, documentation, or packaging of any type or nature used in connection with such goods or services, of which the manufacturer or producer was, at the time of the manufacture or production in question, authorized to use the mark or designation for the type of goods or services so manufactured or produced, by the holder of the right to use such mark or designation.''. (4) Section 2320 is further amended-- (A) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and (B) by inserting after subsection (e) the following: ``(f) Nothing in this section shall entitle the United States to bring a criminal cause of action under this section for the repackaging of genuine goods or services not intended to deceive or confuse.''. (c) Sentencing Guidelines.-- (1) Review and amendment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the United States Sentencing Commission, pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this subsection, shall review and, if appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements applicable to persons convicted of any offense under section 2318 or 2320 of title 18, United States Code. (2) Authorization.--The United States Sentencing Commission may amend the Federal sentencing guidelines in accordance with the procedures set forth in section 21", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00935", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00134", "text": "A Denver jury found fully in pop singer Taylor Swift's favor Monday, delivering a unanimous verdict in a trial over whether she was groped by a former radio host during a Denver meet-and-greet. Wanting the trial to serve as an \"example to other women,\" the star had sought a single dollar in damages, which she was granted. In his closing statements, Swift's lawyer Douglas Baldridge referenced the example that Swift hoped her suit for others in similar situations \"by returning a verdict on Ms. Swift's counterclaim for a single dollar — a single symbolic dollar, the value of which is immeasurable to all women in this situation.\" In his own closing arguments, David Mueller attorney Gabriel McFarland wondered why his client would introduce himself by name and then almost immediately after reach under the skirt of \"one of the planet's, one of the country's, biggest superstars?\" The case was largely fought on the credibility of Swift and Mueller. Late this past Friday, a federal judge threw out part of the case brought against Swift by Mueller, saying he had not proven Swift had set out to get him fired. Swift countersued Mueller for sexual assault after his own suit was filed in 2015, leading to Denver trial which began jury selection last Monday. Swift initially had sought to keep the incident quiet. By Friday, most of the principals in the case had been heard from — most notably Ms. Swift herself, who had several sharp rejoinders to questions from Mueller's attorney. Asked about Mueller's firing, Swift responded: \"I am not going to allow your client to make me feel like it is anyway my fault, because it isn't.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 334, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00614", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00135", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Spacefaring Priorities for America's Continued Exploration Act'' or the ``SPACE Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) Russia is not a reliable partner.--(A) Unless Space Shuttle operations are extended beyond 2010, the United States will be heavily reliant on Russia to supply crew and cargo transport services to the International Space Station during the gap period of 2010 through 2015. There will be no other way to fly our astronauts into space during this period. (B) The United States should not increase its reliance on Russia to transport American astronauts into space, given the increasingly divergent views and posturing from Russia. Russia opposes the United States plan to base an antimissile radar system in the Czech Republic and interceptor missiles in Poland to deal with the threat posed by the Iranian nuclear weapons and missile programs. Russia also suspended its participation in the Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) treaty, one of the most significant arms control agreements of the Cold War years. Additionally, Russia continues to arm some of America's most hostile adversaries, Iran and Venezuela. Despite United States objections, Russia sold billions of dollars worth of weapons to the regime of Hugo Chavez in 2006. Such meddling is a possible violation of the Monroe Doctrine and a throwback to the Cold War era. Even more troublesome is the Russian history of weapons trading with Iran. Russia has supplied advanced conventional arms technology, missile technology, and nuclear technologies to this very anti-American regime. (2) Russia has abused past nasa cooperation agreements.-- (A) In the late 1990s, Russia fell short in fulfilling its commitment to the International Space Station. (B) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (in this Act referred to as ``NASA'') was forced to transfer hundreds of millions of dollars to enable the Russians to complete the critical Space Station service module Zvezda, without which the International Space Station could not operate. (C) Russia delayed completion of the Zvezda service module for several years. Under the International Space Station agreement, the Russian government had committed to fund as well as build the Zvezda service module. Subsequent transfers from the United States, in order to complete the module, reflect serious Russian mismanagement in the field of space. (D) In 2000, while Russia was failing to meet its commitment to the International", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01023", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00136", "text": "(abridged) We report the discovery of a very cool brown dwarf, ULAS J003402.77-005206.7 (ULAS J0034-00), identified in UKIDSS DR1. We provide optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared photometry of the source, and two near-infrared spectra. Comparing the spectral energy distribution of ULAS J0034-00 to that of the T8 brown dwarf 2MASS J0415-09, the latest-type and coolest well-studied brown dwarf to date, with Teff~750 K, we find evidence that ULAS J0034-00 is significantly cooler. First, the measured values of the near-infrared absorption spectral indices imply a later classification, of T8.5. Second, the H-[4.49] colour provides an empirical estimate of the temperature of 540<Teff<660 K (+/-2sig range). Third, the J- and H-band peaks are somewhat narrower in ULAS J0034-00, and detailed comparison against spectral models calibrated to 2MASS J0415-09 yields an estimated temperature lower by 60-120 K relative to 2MASS J0415-09 i.e. 630<Teff<690 K (+/-2sig), and lower gravity or higher metallicity according to the degenerate combination -0.5<delta(log g-2[m/H])<-0.25 (+/-2sig). Combining these estimates, and considering systematics, it is the temperature lies in the range 600<Teff<700 K. Despite the low inferred Teff we find no evidence for strong absorption by NH3 over the wavelength range 1.51-1.56 um. Evolutionary models imply that the mass and age are in the ranges 15-36 M(Jup) and 0.5-8 Gyr, respectively. The measured proper motion, of (0.37+/-0.07)arcsec/yr, combined with the photometrically estimated distance of 14-22 pc, implies a tangential velocity of ~30 km/s. ULAS J0034-00 is significantly bluer than 2MASS J0415-09 in Y-J, so future searches should allow for the possibility that cooler T dwarfs are bluer still.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 480, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00434", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00137", "text": "government granted them a special protected status — but no work permits. Many thought the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad would fall quickly — another domino in the Arab Spring — and that Syrian refugees would be able to cross back over the border and return home swiftly. With the Syrian war now in its seventh year, Turkey has opened a path to Syrians for official employment. But few have taken it. One of the government's motives in trying to regularize Syrians is that Turks have been worried about having their wages undercut. \"There was a public concern that Turkish people would be unemployed because of the Syrians being employed with lower fees [wages],\" says labor lawyer Mehmet Ata Sarikaripoglu. \"We see what happened in Europe, and how the politics in Europe has changed after that.\" Fearing a political backlash, Turkey started a program in January 2016 to increase work permits for refugees. The government also now requires companies to give Syrians the same pay and benefits as Turks. But the roll-out has been slow. Integrating Syrians is political too. They tend to be more religious and conservative than many Turks — and they tend to support Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. He's floated the idea of offering them Turkish citizenship, but that has prompted a backlash from some opposition parties and more secular Turks. At an Istanbul municipal office, long lines of Syrians snake across the lobby. People are registering for Turkish ID cards and health care, and signing up their children for public schools — all services they get for free as refugees. One man yells and shakes with frustration. He says bureaucrats keep telling him to come back tomorrow. Turkey's social services are overloaded with newcomers like himself, he says. Behind the lobby's front desk, Yahiya Osman helps Syrians register for ID cards and health care. He's a Syrian refugee himself, and has worked here for four years — even though he only got a work permit two weeks ago. \"It makes me eligible for private health insurance, a pension and worker's compensation,\" says Osman, 33. \"You've got to think ahead. We're not sure what's going to happen in Syria. We have to stay here in Turkey forever.\" But Turkish government statistics show out of the 3 million Syrians here, fewer than 14,000 had work permits by January — a year into the program. \"It's a very exhausting procedure,\" says Sule Akarsu, who manages a charity that teaches Syrian refugees", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00618", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00138", "text": "We analyze the infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 10micron < lambda(rest) < 100micron for ~600 galaxies at z~0.7 in the extended Chandra Deep Field South by stacking their Spitzer 24, 70 and 160micron images. We place interesting constraints on the average IR SED shape in two bins: the brightest 25% of z~0.7 galaxies detected at 24micron, and the remaining 75% of individually-detected galaxies. Galaxies without individual detections at 24micron were not well-detected at 70micron and 160micron even through stacking. We find that the average IR SEDs of z~0.7 star-forming galaxies fall within the diversity of z~0 templates. While dust obscuration Lir/Luv to be only a function of star formation rate (SFR; ~ Lir+Luv), not of redshift, the dust temperature of star-forming galaxies (with SFR ~ 10 solar mass per year) at a given IR luminosity was lower at z~0.7 than today. We suggest an interpretation of this phenomenology in terms of dust geometry: intensely star-forming galaxies at z~0 are typically interacting, and host dense centrally-concentrated bursts of star formation and warm dust temperatures. At z~0.7, the bulk of intensely star-forming galaxies are relatively undisturbed spirals and irregulars, and we postulate that they have large amounts of widespread lower-density star formation, yielding lower dust temperatures for a given IR luminosity. We recommend what IR SEDs are most suitable for modeling intermediate redshift galaxies with different SFRs.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00200", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00139", "text": "Macroscopic mechanical objects and electromagnetic degrees of freedom couple to each other via radiation pressure. Optomechanical systems with sufficiently strong coupling are predicted to exhibit quantum effects and are a topic of considerable interest. Devices reaching this regime would offer new types of control of the quantum state of both light and matter and would provide a new arena in which to explore the boundary between quantum and classical physics. Experiments to date have achieved sufficient optomechanical coupling to laser-cool mechanical devices but have not yet reached the quantum regime. The outstanding technical challenge in this field is integrating sensitive micromechanical elements (which must be small, light, and flexible) into high finesse cavities (which are typically much more rigid and massive) without compromising the mechanical or optical properties of either. A second, and more fundamental, challenge is to read out the mechanical element's quantum state: displacement measurements (no matter how sensitive) cannot determine the energy eigenstate of an oscillator, and measurements which couple to quantities other than displacement have been difficult to realize. Here we present a novel optomechanical system which to resolve both these challenges. We demonstrate a cavity which is detuned by the motion of a thin dielectric membrane placed between two macroscopic, rigid, high-finesse mirrors. This approach segregates optical and mechanical functionality to physically distinct structures and avoids compromising either. It also allows for direct measurement of the square of the membrane's displacement, and thus in principle the membrane's energy eigenstate. We estimate it should be practical to use this scheme to observe quantum jumps of a mechanical system.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00352", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00140", "text": "The decomposition of a signal on the sphere with the steerable wavelet constructed from the second Gaussian derivative gives access to the orientation, signed-intensity, and elongation of the signal's local features. In the present work, the non-Gaussianity of the WMAP temperature data of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is analyzed in terms of the first four moments of the statistically isotropic random fields associated with these local morphological measures, at wavelet scales corresponding to angular sizes between 27.5 arcminutes and 30 degrees on the celestial sphere. While no detection is made neither in the orientation analysis nor in the elongation analysis, a strong detection is made in the excess kurtosis of the signed-intensity of the WMAP data. The non-Gaussianity is observed with a significance level below 0.5% at a wavelet scale corresponding to an angular size around 10 degrees, and confirmed at neighbour scales. This supports a previous detection of an excess of kurtosis in the wavelet coefficient of the WMAP data with the axisymmetric Mexican hat wavelet (Vielva et al. 2004). Instrumental noise and foreground emissions are not to be at the origin of the excess of kurtosis. Large-scale modulations of the CMB related to some unknown systematics are rejected as possible origins of the detection. The observed non-Gaussianity may therefore probably be imputed to the CMB itself, thereby questioning the basic inflationary scenario upon which the present concordance cosmological model relies. Taking the CMB temperature angular power spectrum of the concordance cosmological model at face value, further analysis also suggests that this non-Gaussianity is not confined to the directions on the celestial sphere with an anomalous signed-intensity.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00261", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00141", "text": "(7) according to the Center for Labor Market Studies at Northeastern University, early work experience is a very powerful predictor of success and earnings in the labor market, and early work experience raises earnings over a lifetime by 10 to 20 percent; (8) participation in a youth jobs program can contribute to a reduction in criminal and high-risk behavior for youth; and (9)(A) youth jobs programs benefit both youth and communities when designed around principles that promote mutually beneficial programs; (B) youth benefit from jobs that provide them with work readiness skills and that help them make the connection between responsibility on the job and success in adulthood; and (C) communities benefit when youth are engaged productively, providing much-needed services that meet real community needs. (b) Definition.--In this section, the term ``green-collar industries'' means industries throughout the economy of the United States-- (1) that promote energy efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protection, including promoting renewable energy and clean technology; (2) that offer jobs with substantial pay and benefits; and (3) that are industries in which there is to be continued demand for workers. (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Labor for youth activities under the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.), $1,000,000,000, which shall be available for the period of January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2010, under the conditions described in subsection (d). (d) Conditions.-- (1) Use of funds.--The funds appropriated under subsection (c) shall be used for youth jobs and training programs, to provide opportunities referred to in subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (F) of section 129(c)(2) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 2854(c)(2)) and, as appropriate, opportunities referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (G) of such section, except that no such funds shall be spent on unpaid work experiences. (2) Limitation.--Such funds shall be distributed in accordance with sections 127 and 128 of such Act (29 U.S.C. 2852, 2853), except that no portion of such funds shall be reserved to carry out 128(a) or 169 of such Act (29 U.S.C. 2853(a), 291", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01106", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00142", "text": "We present VLA and PdBI subarcsecond images (0.15\"-0.6\") of the radiocontinuum emission at 7 mm and of the SO2 J=19_{2,18}-18_{3,15} and J=27_{8,20}-28_{7,21} lines toward the Cepheus A HW2 region. The SO2 images reveal the presence of a hot core internally heated by an intermediate mass protostar, and a circumstellar rotating disk around the HW2 radio jet with size 600AUx100AU and mass of 1M_sun. Keplerian rotation for the disk velocity gradient of 5 kms-1 requires a 9 M_sun central star, which cannot explain the total luminosity observed in the region. This may indicate that the disk does not rotate with a Keplerian law due to the extreme youth of this object. Our high sensitivity radiocontinuum image at 7 mm shows in addition to the ionized jet, an extended emission to the west (and marginally to the south) of the HW2 jet, filling the south-west cavity of the HW2 disk. From the morphology and location of this free-free continuum emission at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths (spectral index of 0.4-1.5), we propose that the disk is photoevaporating due to the UV radiation from the central star. All this indicates that the Cepheus A HW2 region harbors a cluster of massive stars. Disk accretion to be the most plausible way to form massive stars in moderate density/luminosity clusters.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 330, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00080", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00143", "text": "[Abridged] We present time-series optical photometry of five new CVs identified by the Hamburg Quasar Survey. The eclipses observed in HS 0129+2933, HS 0220+0603, and HS 0455+8315 provided very accurate orbital periods of 3.35129827(65), 3.58098501(34), and 3.56937674(26) h, respectively. HS 0805+3822 shows grazing eclipses and has a orbital period of 3.2169(2) h. Time-resolved optical spectroscopy of the new CVs (with the exception of HS 0805+3822) is also presented. Radial velocity studies provided an orbital period of 3.55 h for HS 1813+6122, which allowed us to identify the observed photometric signal at 3.39 h as a negative superhump wave. The spectroscopic behaviour clearly identifies these new CVs as new SW Sextantis stars. These new additions increase the number of known SW Sex stars to 35. Almost 40 per cent of the total SW Sex population do not show eclipses, invalidating the requirement of eclipses as a defining characteristic of the class and the models based on a high orbital inclination geometry alone. On the other hand, the predominance of orbital periods in the narrow 3-4.5 h range is becoming more pronounced. In fact, almost half the CVs which populate the 3-4.5 h period interval are definite members of the class. These statistics are confirmed by our results from the Hamburg Quasar Survey CVs. Remarkably, 54 per cent of the Hamburg nova-like variables have been identified as SW Sex stars with orbital periods in the 3-4.5 h range. The observation of this pile-up of systems close to the upper boundary of the period gap is difficult to reconcile with the standard theory of CV evolution, as the SW Sex stars are believed to have the highest mass transfer rates among CVs. Finally, we review the full range of common properties that the SW Sex stars exhibit.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 436, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00022", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00144", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Rural Education Development Initiative for the 21st Century Act''. SEC. 2. PURPOSE. The purpose of this Act is to provide rural school students in the United States with increased learning opportunities. SEC. 3. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) While there are rural education initiatives identified at the State and local level, no Federal education policy focuses on the specific needs of rural school districts and schools, especially those that serve poor students. (2) Under Federal law, there is no consistent definition for rural schools, rural school districts, or rural local educational agencies. (3) The National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) reports that 46 percent of our Nation's public schools serve rural areas. (4) A critical problem for rural school districts involves the hiring and retention of qualified administrators and certified teachers (especially in science and mathematics). Consequently, teachers in rural schools are almost twice as to provide instruction in 3 or more subjects than teachers in urban schools. Rural schools also face other tough challenges, such as shrinking local tax bases, high transportation costs, aging buildings, limited course offerings, and limited resources. (5) Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) consistently show large gaps between the achievement of students in high-poverty schools and those in other schools. High-poverty schools will face special challenges in preparing their students to reach high standards of performance on State and national assessments. SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Elementary school; local educational agency; secondary school; state educational agency.--The terms ``elementary school'', ``local educational agency'', ``secondary school'', and ``State educational agency'' have the meanings given the terms in section 14101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8801). (2) Eligible local educational agency.--The term ``eligible local educational agency'' means a local educational agency that serves-- (A) a school-age population, 20 percent or more of whom are from families with incomes below the poverty line; and (B)(i) a school district that is located in a rural locality; or (ii) a school-age population of 800 or fewer. (3) Metropolitan statistical area.--The term ``metropolitan statistical area'' includes the area defined as such by the Secretary of Commerce. (4)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01073", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00145", "text": "We explore how well crowded field point-source photometry can be accomplished with SDSS data: We present a photometric pipeline based on DoPhot, and tuned for analyzing crowded-field images from the SDSS. Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that the completeness of source extraction is above 80% to i < 21 (AB) and a stellar surface density of about 200 sq.amin. Hence, a specialized data pipeline can efficiently be used for e.g. nearby resolved galaxies in SDSS images, where the standard SDSS photometric package Photo, when applied in normal survey mode, gives poor results. We apply our pipeline to an area of about 3.55sq.deg. around the dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) Leo I, and construct a high S/N star-count map of Leo I via an optimized filter in color-magnitude space (g,r,i). Although the radial surface-density profile of the dwarf deviates from the best fit empirical King model towards outer radii, we find no evidence for tidal debris out to a stellar surface-density of 4*10^(-3) of the central value. We determine the total luminosity of Leo I, and model its mass using the spherical and isotropic Jeans equation. Assuming that 'mass follows light' we constrain a lower limit of the total mass of the dSph to be (1.7+/-0.2)*10^7 Msol. Contrary, if the mass in Leo I is dominated by a constant density dark-matter (DM) halo, then the mass within the central 12' is (2+/-0.6)*10^8 Msol. This leads to a mass-to-light ratio of >>6 (Ic_sol), and >75 if the DM halo dominates the mass and extends further out than 12'. In summary, our results show that Leo I is a symmetric, relaxed and bound system; this supports the idea that Leo I is a dark-matter dominated system.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 405, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00480", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00146", "text": "pane. Enter the appropriate Tags (Figure F). Click Save. Figure F Enter your Tags. Now when you run the same search, Tags: plant sale, File Explorer returns the first two files and the.jpg, as shown in Figure G. Figure G This time, the search found three tagged files. Using File Explorer, you can sort and group a folder's contents using Tags. Simply click the View tab and choose Tags from the Sort By or Group By dropdown. Or right-click the background and choose Tags from the Sort By or Group By options. In addition, you can filter for Tags. As Figure H shows, you can filter for specific Tags if you're using the Details view. This is great when you know all your files are in the same folder. Figure H You can also filter by Tags. Using File Explorer, you can add Tags to several files at the same time. Hold down the Ctrl key while selecting files to create a multi-file selection. Then, add Tags as you normally would. If you add a file to the selection that doesn't allow tagging, the Tags control won't be accessible for any of the files, so be careful. Only as good... Tags, or keywords, are only as good as the people adding them. If you work alone, this is easy. If you're trying to corral files for an organization, it's much harder. Everyone may not be on the same page, so searches will be incomplete at best. That be one reason they're not more popular. Even using File Explorer, you can't add Tags to every file type. For instance, you can't tag a.txt file. In addition, you can use any of the properties via the Details pane in the same way. For instance, for Content status, you enter Incomplete and Complete. To search, you'd use the string Contentstatus: Complete. You can also use wildcards. To see all tagged files, you'd enter Tags: -[]. That means that where Tags isn't null. As you can see, there's a lot to explore! Get more great Office tips and tricks delivered to your inbox. Sign up for TechRepublic's Microsoft Weekly newsletter. Subscribe Send me your question about Office I answer readers' questions when I can, but there's no guarantee. Don't send files unless requested; initial requests for help that arrive with attached files will be deleted unread. You can send screenshots of your data to help clarify your question", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00587", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00147", "text": "and coordinate their plans and planning processes to facilitate the participation of the gateway community in the planning processes. (8) Treatment as cooperating agencies.--When a proposed action is determined to require the preparation of an environmental impact statement, the Federal land agencies shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than the scoping process, actively solicit the participation of gateway communities as cooperating agencies under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). (e) Grants To Assist Gateway Communities.-- (1) Grants authorized; purposes.--A Federal land manager may make grants to an eligible gateway community to enable the gateway community-- (A) to participate in Federal land planning or management processes; (B) to obtain professional land use or transportation planning assistance necessary as a result of Federal action; (C) to address and resolve public infrastructure impacts that are identified through these processes as a result of the Federal land management decisions and for which sufficient funds are not otherwise available; and (D) to provide public information and interpretive services about the Federal lands administered by the Federal land manager and the gateway community. (2) Eligible gateway communities.--To be eligible for a grant under this subsection, a gateway community may not have a population in excess of 10,000 persons. (f) Funding Sources.-- (1) General agency funds.--A Federal land agency may use amounts available for the general operation of the agency to provide funds to Federal land managers of that agency to make grants under subsection (e). (2) Other planning or project development funds.--Funds available to a Federal land manager for planning, construction, or project development may also be used to fund programs under subsection (d) and make grants under subsection (e). (3) Combination of funds.--Federal land managers from different Federal land agencies may combine financial resources to make grants under subsection (e).", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 381, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00900", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00148", "text": "its laboratories and research facilities in a microgravity environment for the decade to come. Routine and assured access to the Station is critical if we are to capitalize on our investment. (5) In January 2004, the President directed NASA to honor our international commitments to complete the assembly of the International Space Station and retire the Space Shuttle by 2010. The directive also called for the development of a new system to enable astronauts to travel beyond low Earth orbit. This system, the Constellation System, consisting of the Orion crew exploration vehicle and Ares launch vehicle, would also be capable of traveling to the International Space Station but would not be available until 4 years after the projected retirement of the Space Shuttle. This plan was ratified by Congress in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-155). (6) Other nations are now investing heavily to develop manned spaceflight and robotic capabilities. During the planned gap following retirement of the Space Shuttle, these nations are expected to enhance their space capabilities, jeopardizing our Nation's preeminence and our ability to influence other space-faring nations, contrary to the national policy (National Security Presidential Directive 49). United States influence in world affairs and our ability to shape future peaceful uses in space will be imperiled. (7) Congress believes it is imperative that NASA reduce our Nation's dependence on foreign launch providers to access the International Space Station. The planned gap has expanded to 5 years, and if development problems are encountered, the gap will continue to widen. A 5-year or more gap is too long to rely on other nations to access the International Space Station, the bulk of which we have provided. (8) Unless Space Shuttle operations are extended beyond 2010, the United States will be heavily reliant on Russia to supply crew and cargo transport services to the International Space Station during the gap period of 2010 through 2015. There is no other proven and reliable means of transporting our astronauts into space during this period. (9) The United States should not increase its reliance on Russia to transport American astronauts into space, given the increasingly divergent views and posturing from Russia. Russia opposes the United States plan to base an antimissile radar system in the Czech Republic and interceptor missiles in Poland to counter the threat posed by the Iranian nuclear weapons and missile programs. Russia also suspended its participation in the Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) treaty, one of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01131", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00149", "text": "SCREENING AND TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN ENROLLED IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. ``(a) Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants to eligible local educational agencies to enable such agencies to carry out asthma, vision, hearing, or other health screening and case management programs determined appropriate by the Secretary in accordance with the program elements described in subsection (d). ``(b) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), a local educational agency shall prepare and submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. ``(c) Preference.--In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give preference to local educational agencies serving schools that are located in areas with a high incidence of childhood asthma or a high death rate associated with childhood asthma. ``(d) Program Elements.-- ``(1) Asthma.--Under an asthma program operated under a grant under this section, a local educational agency shall-- ``(A) determine whether a child enrolled in a school in which the program is in effect has received an asthma screening test using a test that is appropriate for age and risk factors on the enrollment of the child in the school; ``(B) in the case of a child who has not received an asthma screening test, ensure that the child receives such a test either by referral or by performing the test (under contract or otherwise); and ``(C) in the case of a child determined to have asthma, provide treatment or refer the child for treatment (including case management) and education in the management of asthma. ``(2) Vision and hearing.--Under a vision and hearing program operated under a grant under this section, a local educational agency shall-- ``(A) elect to provide vision and hearing screening tests-- ``(i) to all children enrolled in a school who are most to suffer from vision or hearing loss; or ``(ii) to all children enrolled in a school; ``(B) ensure that the category of children elected under subparagraph (A) receive such tests, either by referral or by performing the test (under contract or otherwise), that are appropriate for the age and risk factors of the children, based on the enrollment of the children in the school; and ``(C) in the case of any child determined to have a vision or hearing impairment, provide the child with such eyewear and hearing aids as are appropriate to correct the child's vision or hearing, to the extent that such correction is feasible. ``(3)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00915", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00150", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Senior Citizen Protection Act of 1993''. SEC. 2. IMPROVEMENT AND CLARIFICATION OF PROVISIONS PROHIBITING MISUSE OF SYMBOLS, EMBLEMS, OR NAMES IN REFERENCE TO SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS AND AGENCIES. (a) Addition to Prohibited Words, Letters, Symbols, and Emblems.-- Section 1140(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320b-10(a)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Administration', the letters `SSA' or `HCFA','' and inserting ``Administration', `Department of Health and Human Services', `Health and Human Services', `Supplemental Security Income Program', or `Medicaid', the letters `SSA', `HCFA', `DHHS', `HHS', or `SSI',''; and (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Social Security Administration'' each place it appears and inserting ``Social Security Administration, Health Care Financing Administration, or Department of Health and Human Services'', and by striking ``or of the Health Care Financing Administration''. (b) Exemption for Use of Words, Letters, Symbols, and Emblems of State and Local Government Agencies by Such Agencies.--Section 1140(a) of such Act is further amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``The preceding provisions of this subsection shall not apply with respect to the use by any agency or instrumentality of a State or political subdivision of a State of any words or letters which identify an agency or instrumentality of such State or of a political subdivision of such State or the use by any such agency or instrumentality of any symbol or emblem of an agency or instrumentality of such State or a political subdivision of such State.''. (c) Inclusion of Reasonableness Standard.--Section 1140(a) of such Act (as amended by the preceding provisions of this section) is further amended, in the matter following paragraph (2), by striking ``convey'' and inserting ``convey, or in a manner which reasonably interpreted or construed as conveying,''. (d) Ineffectiveness of Disclaimers.--Subsection (a) of section 1140 of such Act (as amended by the preceding provisions of this section) is further amended-- (1) by redesignating", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00999", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00151", "text": "We combined sensitive near-infrared data obtained with ground-based imagers on the ESO NTT and VLT telescopes with space mid-infrared data acquired with the IRAC imager on the Spitzer Space Telescope to calculate the extinction law A_\\lambda/A_K as a function of \\lambda between 1.25 and 7.76 micron to an unprecedented depth in Barnard 59, a star forming, dense core located in the Pipe Nebula. The ratios A_\\lambda/A_K were calculated from the slopes of the distributions of sources in color-color diagrams \\lambda-K vs. H-K. The distributions in the color-color diagrams are fit well with single slopes to extinction levels of A_K ~ 7 (A_V ~ 59 mag). Consequently, there be no significant variation of the extinction law with depth through the B59 line of sight. However, when slopes are translated into the relative extinction coefficients A_\\lambda/A_K, we find an extinction law which departs from the simple extrapolation of the near-infrared power law extinction curve, and agrees more closely with a dust extinction model for a cloud with a total to selective absorption R_V=5.5 and a grain size distribution favoring larger grains than those in the diffuse ISM. Thus, the difference we observe due to the effect of grain growth in denser regions. Finally, the slopes in our diagrams are somewhat less steep than those from the study of Indebetouw et al. (2005) for clouds with lower column densities, and this indicates that the extinction law between 3 and 8 micron vary slightly as a function of environment.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 330, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00084", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00152", "text": "We have made an extensive 1.2mm continuum mosaicing study of the Cygnus X molecular cloud complex using the MAMBO cameras at the IRAM 30 m telescope. We then compared our mm maps with mid-IR images, and have made SiO(2-1) follow-up observations of the best candidate progenitors of high-mass stars. Our complete study of Cygnus X provides, for the first time, an unbiased census of massive young stellar objects. We discover 129 massive dense cores, among which 42 are probable precursors of high-mass stars. Our study qualifies 17 cores as good candidates for hosting massive IR-quiet protostars, while up to 25 cores potentially host high-luminosity IR protostars. We fail to discover the high-mass analogs of pre-stellar dense cores in CygnusX, but find several massive starless clumps that be gravitationally bound. Since our sample is derived from a single molecular complex and covers every embedded phase of high-mass star formation, it gives the first statistical estimates of their lifetime. In contrast to what is found for low-mass class 0 and class I phases, the IR-quiet protostellar phase of high-mass stars may last as long as their better-known high-luminosity IR phase. The statistical lifetimes of high-mass protostars and pre-stellar cores (~ 3 x 10^4 yr and < 10^3 yr) in Cygnus X are one and two order(s) of magnitude smaller, respectively, than what is found in nearby, low-mass star-forming regions. We therefore propose that high-mass pre-stellar and protostellar cores are in a highly dynamic state, as expected in a molecular cloud where turbulent processes dominate.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 372, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00482", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00153", "text": "G, you will there and then and you will be the only person who will be able to stand almost right next to the running back and experience as the things explode and happen at the site. Just the sheer power of that use case is phenomenal, and the money that different people in the ecosystem will make out of it, including the telecom service provider, can be quite an interesting paradigm in my view. Patterson: What are some of the challenges or roadblocks to the rollout of 5G? Vyas: there are plenty. One of the biggest ones is going to be, without even getting into the technology aspect at this point, I would say is still a major part of the industry will still struggle to find the justification to invest in the capital, from a business case ROI standpoint. Now, on that one, one is also hearing as I go around the world and meet different CTOs and other executives of service providers, one is hearing that there are different ways of skinning that cat, if I may. The overall cost of 5G deployment is to be atmospherically high at this point, there are all indicators that the cost is going to be cheaper than what was in 4G, and if that happens, that itself is probably a business case-justification. SEE: IT pro's guide to the evolution and impact of 5G technology (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Of course, there is a bigger underlying assumption that the prices in the marketplace at least hold up, and if they drop, they drop only marginally and not dramatically. There's no guarantee of that, but at least that's a possibility. That's one challenge, clearly that the market is going to face. The second is going to be a more technical and execution challenge, which is the availability of the technology, the trials that need to go through in a very satisfactory fashion worldwide so that people get enough confidence to go and deploy the technology at a very large scale, which I don't think is a question of if, it is more a question of when. I guess the challenge would be more for delay rather than really making it happen. Patterson: Manish, that that is a great point. I wonder if you could leave us with say, the next 18- to 36-months in the rollout of 5G. Where are we in a year, year and a half, and where are we in", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 492, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00522", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00154", "text": "emption.--The Administrator may exempt from the requirement of a fee under this section any sale made under a contract or an arrangement that the Administrator determines is to result in the maximum reuse of significant components of the computer, monitor, or device, and the disposal of the remaining components-- (1) in an environmentally sound and responsible manner; (2) without violation of any Federal or State law; and (3) without reliance on funding from State or local governments, when the computer, monitor, or device is no longer of use to the end- user. (f) Designation of Electronic Devices.--The Administrator may designate additional electronic devices to which the fee under subsection (a) shall apply if those electronic devices-- (1) contain a significant amount of material that, when disposed of, would be hazardous waste; and (2) include one or more liquid crystal displays, cathode ray tubes, or circuit boards. SEC. 4. GRANTS. (a) Uses of Fee Amounts.--Amounts collected under section 3 shall be used, to the extent provided in advance in appropriations Acts, by the Administrator for-- (1) covering the costs of administration of this Act; and (2) making grants under subsection (b). Not more than 10 percent of the funds available pursuant to this Act for any fiscal year may be used for costs described in paragraph (1). (b) Grant Purposes.--The Administrator shall make grants with funds collected under section 3 to individuals or organizations (including units of local government) for-- (1) collecting or processing used computers, monitors, or other designated devices for recycling purposes; (2) reusing or reselling such computers, monitors, or devices, or components thereof; and (3) extracting and using, or selling for reuse, raw materials from such computers, monitors, or devices. (c) Eligibility.--An individual or organization shall be eligible for a grant under subsection (b) only if the individual or organization provides assurances to the satisfaction of the Administrator that it will carry out the grant purposes in a manner that complies with all applicable Federal and State environmental and health laws. (d) Selection Criteria.--In selecting proposals for grants under subsection (b), the Administrator shall consider-- (1) the quantity of used computers, monitors, or other designated devices that will be diverted from landfills; (2) the estimated cost per unit of the collection, processing, reuse, or sale proposed; (", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00988", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00155", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Consumer Products Safe Testing Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND POLICY. (a) Findings.--The Congress finds that-- (1) nonanimal acute toxicity tests have been developed in recent years that have shown a level of reliability sufficient for the reduction or replacement of animal acute toxicity tests such as the Draize test for many products regulated by the Federal Government; (2) many manufacturers have found nonanimal acute toxicity tests to be adequate for evaluating the safety of products for the purposes of complying with Federal regulations or guidelines; (3) the Federal Government has discouraged the use of these alternatives through regulations that mandate or encourage the use of animal acute toxicity tests, or by not prescribing other, less costly, more accurate and humane alternatives; (4) many manufacturers are reluctant to use nonanimal tests without encouragement from the Federal Government; and (5) private industry and the consumer will benefit from the promotion of alternative methods of testing when these alternatives are as accurate and more humane than animal tests. (b) Policy.--Federal departments and agencies shall encourage the development and use of product testing procedures that accurately reflect the acute health effects on humans of certain products, including consumer products and products containing hazardous or toxic substances, but which do not rely upon animals. SEC. 3. FEDERAL ACTION. (a) Review of Regulations, Guidelines, or Recommendations Concerning the Draize Test and Other Animal Acute Toxicity Tests.--Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, each Federal department or agency head shall-- (1) review and evaluate any regulation, guideline, or recommendation issued by that department or agency which requires, recommends, or encourages the use of the Draize or other animal acute toxicity test for the purpose of evaluation of the safety of a regulated product; (2) review and evaluate nonanimal alternatives with the potential for partial or full replacement of the Draize or other animal acute toxicity test for some or all of the products regulated; and (3) promulgate regulations, guidelines, or recommendations that specify a nonanimal acute toxicity test or battery of tests should be used instead of an animal acute toxicity test unless that Federal department or agency head determines that the nonanimal acute toxicity test or battery of such tests is less to predict the acute health effects on humans of a product than the animal acute toxicity test. (b) Animal Acute Toxicity Tests.--If a determination", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01071", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00156", "text": "We calculate durations and spectral paramaters for 218 Swift bursts detected by the BAT instrument between and including GRBs 041220 and 070509, including 77 events with measured redshifts. Incorporating prior knowledge into the spectral fits, we are able to measure the characteristic $\\nu F_{\\nu}$ spectral peak energy $E_{\\rm pk,obs}$ and the isotropic equivalent energy $E_{\\rm iso}$ (1--$10^4$ keV) for all events. This complete and rather extensive catalog, analyzed with a unified methodology, allows us to address the persistence and origin of high-energy correlations suggested in pre-Swift observations. We find that the $E_{\\rm pk,obs}$-$E_{\\rm iso}$ correlation is present in the Swift sample; however, the best-fit powerlaw relation is inconsistent with the best-fit pre-Swift relation at >5 sigma significance. Moreover, it has a factor >~ 2 larger intrinsic scatter, after accounting for large errors on $E_{\\rm pk,obs}$. A large fraction of the Swift events are hard and subluminous relative to (and inconsistent with) the pre-Swift relation, in agreement with indications from BATSE GRBs without redshift. Moreover, we determine an experimental threshold for the BAT detector and show how the $E_{\\rm pk,obs}$--$E_{\\rm iso}$ correlation arises artificially due to partial correlation with the threshold. We show that pre-Swift correlations found by Amati et al.(2002), Yonetoku et al. (2004), Firmani et al.(2006) (and independently by others) are unrelated to the physical properties of GRBs and are useless for tests of cosmology. Also, an explanation of these correlations in terms of a detector threshold provides a natural and quantitative explanation for why short-duration GRBs and events at low redshift tend to be outliers to the correlations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 402, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00239", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00157", "text": "We show that if the Riemann Hypothesis is true, then in a region containing most of the right-half of the critical strip, the Riemann zeta-function is well approximated by short truncations of its Euler product. Conversely, if the approximation by products is good in this region, the zeta-function has at most finitely many zeros in it. We then construct a parameterized family of non-analytic functions with this same property. With the possible exception of a finite number of zeros off the critical line, every function in the family satisfies a Riemann Hypothesis. Moreover, when the parameter is not too large, they have about the same number of zeros as the zeta-function, their zeros are all simple, and they \"repel\". The structure of these functions makes the reason for the simplicity and repulsion of their zeros apparent and suggests a mechanism that be responsible for the corresponding properties of the zeta-function's zeros. Computer evidence suggests that the zeros of functions in the family are remarkably close to those of the zeta-function (even for small values of the parameter), and we show that they indeed converge to them as the parameter increases. Furthermore, between zeros of the zeta-function, the moduli of functions in the family tend to twice the modulus of the zeta-function. Both assertions assume the Riemann Hypothesis. We end by discussing analogues for other L-functions and show how they give insight into the study of the distribution of zeros of linear combinations of L-functions.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00089", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00158", "text": "such guidelines and policy statements. (b) Requirements.--In determining its guidelines and policy statements on the appropriate sentence for the crimes enumerated in paragraph (a), the Commission shall consider the extent to which the guidelines and policy statements may or may not account for the following factors in order to create an effective deterrent to computer crime and the theft or misuse of personally identifiable data-- (1) the level of sophistication and planning involved in such offense; (2) whether such offense was committed for purpose of commercial advantage or private financial benefit; (3) the potential and actual loss resulting from the offense; (4) whether the defendant acted with intent to cause either physical or property harm in committing the offense; (5) the extent to which the offense violated the privacy rights of individuals; (6) the effect of the offense upon the operations of a government agency of the United States, or of a State or local government; (7) whether the offense involved a computer used by the government in furtherance of national defense, national security or the administration of justice; (8) whether the offense was intended to, or had the effect of significantly interfering with or disrupting a critical infrastructure; (9) whether the offense was intended to, or had the effect of creating a threat to public health or safety, injury to any person, or death; and (10) whether the defendant purposefully involved a juvenile in the commission of the offense to avoid punishment. (c) Additional Requirements.--In carrying out this section, the Commission shall-- (1) assure reasonable consistency with other relevant directives and with other sentencing guidelines; (2) account for any additional aggravating or mitigating circumstances that justify exceptions to the generally applicable sentencing ranges; (3) make any conforming changes to the sentencing guidelines; and (4) assure that the guidelines adequately meet the purposes of sentencing as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code. SEC. 9. DAMAGE TO PROTECTED COMPUTERS. (a) Section 1030(a)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (iv); (2) by inserting ``or'' at the end of clause (v); and (3) by adding at the end the following: ``(vi) damage affecting ten or more protected computers during any 1-year period.''. (b) Section 2332b", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01026", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00159", "text": "We have assembled a sample of halo stars in the solar neighborhood to look for halo substructure in velocity and angular momentum space. Our sample includes red giants, RR Lyrae, and red horizontal branch stars within 2.5 kpc of the Sun with [Fe/H] less than -1.0. It was chosen to include stars with accurate distances, space velocities, and metallicities as well as well-quantified errors. We confirm the existence of the streams found by Helmi and coworkers, which we refer to as the H99 streams. These streams have a double-peaked velocity distribution in the z direction. We use the results of modeling of the H99 streams by Helmi and collaborators to test how one use v_z velocity information and radial velocity information to detect kinematic substructure in the halo. We find that detecting the H99 streams with radial velocities alone would require a large sample. We use the velocity distribution of the H99 streams to estimate their age. From our model of the progenitor of the H99 streams, we determine that it was accreted between 6 and 9 Gyr ago. The H99 streams have [alpha/Fe] abundances similar to other halo stars in the solar neighborhood, suggesting that the gas that formed these stars were enriched mostly by Type II SNe. We have also discovered in angular momentum space two other possible substructures, which we refer to as the retrograde and prograde outliers. The retrograde outliers are to be halo substructure, but the prograde outliers are most part of the smooth halo. The retrograde outliers have significant structure in the v_phi direction and show a range of [alpha/Fe]. The methods presented in this paper can be used to exploit the kinematic information present in future large databases like RAVE, SDSSII/SEGUE, and Gaia.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 376, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00411", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00160", "text": "We discuss our radio (Australia Telescope Compact Array and Australian Long Baseline Array) and X-ray (XMM-Newton) monitoring observations of the unusual ultraluminous supernova SN 1978K in NGC 1313 at ~25 years after the explosion. SN 1978K is a rare example of a Type IIn supernova that has remained bright enough to have long-term X-ray and radio observations. The observations probe the dense medium that was ejected by the progenitor star prior to its explosion; the star have been a Luminous Blue Variable. The radio imaging shows that the source remains compact, but it may be marginally resolved. The radio monitoring shows deviations from a smooth decay suggesting that inhomogeneities are present in the radio emitting region. It appears that a major change occurred in the mass-loss rate of the progenitor star shortly before the supernova event. The X-ray emission between 2000 and 2006 is consistent with the radiation coming from two shocks. All the X-ray data can be fit using the same model (with no systematic evolution or short-term variability) but this has a surprising requirement: the X-ray emitting regions have a very large abundance of helium. This would be consistent with the X-ray emitting shocks being located in a helium-rich layer that was ejected by the progenitor star, or helium-rich material was ejected in the supernova explosion. The unusual properties of the supernova motivated a search for an associated gamma-ray burst (GRB). We show that SN 1978K was inside the ~4 sigma error box of GRB 771029. If this association is correct, the GRB was exceptionally underluminous. However, the quality of the gamma-ray burst locations at that time was poor, and this is just a chance alignment.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00377", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00161", "text": "We have mapped the protostellar jet HH 211 in 342 GHz continuum, SiO ($J=8-7$), and CO ($J=3-2$) emission at $\\sim$ \\arcs{1} resolution with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Thermal dust emission is seen in continuum at the center of the jet, tracing an envelope and a possible optically thick compact disk (with a size $<$ 130 AU) around the protostar. A knotty jet is seen in CO and SiO as in \\H2{}, but extending closer to the protostar. It consists of a chain of knots on each side of the protostar, with an interknot spacing of $\\sim$ \\arcs{2}$-$\\arcs{3} or 600$-$900 AU and the innermost pair of knots at only $\\sim$ \\arcsa{1}{7} or 535 AU from the protostar. These knots trace unresolved internal (bow) shocks (i.e., working surfaces) in the jet, with a velocity range up to $\\sim$ 25 \\vkm{}. The two-sided mass-loss rate of the jet is estimated to be $\\sim (0.7-2.8)\\times 10^{-6}$ \\solarmass{} yr$^{-1}$. The jet is episodic, precessing, and bending. A velocity gradient is seen consistently across two bright SiO knots (BK3 and RK2) perpendicular to the jet axis, with $\\sim$ 1.5$\\pm$0.8 \\vkm{} at $\\sim$ 30$\\pm$15 AU, suggesting a presence of a jet rotation. The launching radius of the jet, derived from the potential jet rotation, is $\\sim$ 0.15$-$0.06 AU in the inner disk.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00455", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00162", "text": "A century ago, it was one of the biggest names in retail. Now, even Sears officials say its future in doubt — though they say they have plans to make sure the retail icon survives. Nancy Koehn with the Harvard Business School says in its early days — Sears Roebuck and Co. was like Amazon is today — a retailer of great disruption. For Sears, it meant a path-breaking strategy of offering all sorts of merchandise in catalogs and building department stores in remote places with ample parking. \"It wasn't the Internet, but it was the same idea that no matter where you are you can touch and feel and imagine what these different products could mean in your life by virtue of an outreach, a distribution channel that an imaginative and gutsy retailer — in this case Sears — had created and then invested in and then enlarged,\" Koehn says. Elgin, Ill., about 40 miles northwest of Chicago, is one town where Sears' innovation is clearly visible. Drive through the streets of one neighborhood and more than there will be a Sears Roebuck mail order kit house on one of the lots. Dr. Rebecca Hunter, an architectural historian, stands on the porch of one of them — an arts and crafts style bungalow listed as \"The Osborne\" in the Sears catalog. It's one of about 200 Sears homes in Elgin. \"It's a phenomenon that gained popularity in the 1920s,\" Hunter says. \"Mostly your framing boards were cut at the mill and numbered so that your builder would know how to put them together.\" Between 1908 and 1940, Sears sold blueprints and approximately 70,000 pre-cut kit houses. It was a small part of the company's booming business. Sears' stature is far smaller these days amid a constantly changing retail landscape which brought with it the dominance of Amazon, the rise of e-commerce and big-box discount retailers. It's left brick-and-mortar stores reeling. Despite its merger with Kmart in 2005, Sears has consistently lost millions of dollars each quarter. The retailer has closed hundreds of stores, slashed jobs and sold off key assets like the Lands' End clothing line and its legendary Craftsman brand — although both brands continue to be sold at Sears. Independent retail analyst Sucharita Mulpuru says these changes haven't worked. \"There are just so many onerous forces relating to competition,\" she says. \"that no matter", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00612", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00163", "text": "The early Solar System contained short-lived radionuclides such as 60Fe (t1/2 = 1.5 Myr) whose most source was a nearby supernova. Previous models of Solar System formation considered a supernova shock that triggered the collapse of the Sun's nascent molecular cloud. We advocate an alternative hypothesis, that the Solar System's protoplanetary disk had already formed when a very close (< 1 pc) supernova injected radioactive material directly into the disk. We conduct the first numerical simulations designed to answer two questions related to this hypothesis: will the disk be destroyed by such a close supernova; and will any of the ejecta be mixed into the disk? Our simulations demonstrate that the disk does not absorb enough momentum from the shock to escape the protostar to which it is bound. Only low amounts (< 1%) of mass loss occur, due to stripping by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities across the top of the disk, which also mix into the disk about 1% of the intercepted ejecta. These low efficiencies of destruction and injectation are due to the fact that the high disk pressures prevent the ejecta from penetrating far into the disk before stalling. Injection of gas-phase ejecta is too inefficient to be consistent with the abundances of radionuclides inferred from meteorites. On the other hand, the radionuclides found in meteorites would have condensed into dust grains in the supernova ejecta, and we argue that such grains will be injected directly into the disk with nearly 100% efficiency. The meteoritic abundances of the short-lived radionuclides such as 60Fe therefore are consistent with injection of grains condensed from the ejecta of a nearby (< 1 pc) supernova, into an already-formed protoplanetary disk.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 372, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00046", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00164", "text": "to vote on Tuesday, which key in what's already expected to be a very low-turnout affair. And the pro-Trump America First Action super PAC also announced late Friday it would be spending up to $200,000 on digital ads targeting Trump voters to encourage them to come out for Strange. However, although he's slipping in polling, Brooks is hoping to turn McConnell's fervent support for Strange into a last-ditch way to get into the runoff against Moore. He's hitched a \"Ditch Mitch\" banner to his campaign bus in the final days, and in his closing ad he echoes Trump's frustration with McConnell's inability to push through an Obamacare repeal. \"McConnell and Strange are weak, but together we can be strong,\" Brooks says. \"Mr. President, isn't it time we tell McConnell and Strange, 'You're fired?'\" Ultimately, the Huntsville-area congressman hasn't had the resources the other two candidates have had, and he hasn't been elected statewide before like Moore and Strange. And, most damaging, he was certainly no fan of Trump during the GOP presidential primaries last year, during which he supported Texas Sen. Ted Cruz. McConnell's super PAC has pointed that out in ads, saying Brooks sided with House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass. If Strange does fall short of the runoff, University of Alabama political science professor emeritus William Stewart, a longtime political observer in the state, said that's a big problem for McConnell. And, if Strange does make it to the September runoff, expect that to be a big point Moore can use against Strange, too. \"The McConnell support for Strange will not be helpful because McConnell, as the president says, hasn't been successful at pushing through the president's agenda, \" Stewart said. \"If Strange doesn't make the runoff, that's a definite blow to McConnell,\" more so than Trump. Polling shows Moore is still the favorite against Strange in a runoff, and that's where the McConnell ties the most deadly — and place the president in a more precarious spot given his surprising endorsement. Stewart said it would be interesting to watch how much Trump puts his muscle behind Strange later, and something like traveling to Alabama — one of Trump's best states in 2016 — for a rally on the senator's behalf would certainly give Strange a boost. No matter who wins the GOP nomination though, they'll", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00651", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00165", "text": "The first spectroscopic census of AGNs associated to late-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster is carried on by observing 213 out of a complete set of 237 galaxies more massive than M_dyn>10^{8.5} solar masses. Among them, 77 are classified as AGNs (including 21 transition objects, 47 LINERs and 9 Seyferts), and comprize 32% of the late-type galaxies in Virgo. Due to spectroscopic incompleteness at most 21 AGNs are missed in the survey, so that the fraction would increase up to 41%. Using corollary Near-IR observations, that enable us to estimate galaxies dynamical masses, it is found that AGNs are hosted exclusively in massive galaxies, i.e. M_dyn\\gsim 10^{10} solar masses. Their frequency increases steeply with the dynamical mass from zero at M_dyn\\approx10^{9.5} solar masses to virtually 1 at M_dyn>10^{11.5} solar masses. These frequencies are consistent with the ones of low luminosity AGNs found in the general field by the SDSS. Massive galaxies that harbor AGNs commonly show conspicuous r-band star-like nuclear enhancements. Conversely they often, but not necessarily contain massive bulges. Few well known AGNs (e.g. M61, M100, NGC4535) are found in massive Sc galaxies with little or no bulge. The AGN fraction to be only marginally sensitive to galaxy environment. We infer the black hole masses using the known scaling relations of quiescent black holes. No black holes lighter than $\\sim 10^6$ \\msol are found active in our sample.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00337", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00166", "text": ", you embody the goodness of our nation. Thank you. Thank you, Ryan and Rebecca. As we rebuild America's strength and confidence at home, we are also restoring our strength and standing abroad. Around the world, we face rogue regimes, terrorist groups, and rivals like China and Russia that challenge our interests, our economy, and our values. In confronting these horrible dangers, we know that weakness is the surest path to conflict, and unmatched power is the surest means to our true and great defense. For this reason, I am asking Congress to end the dangerous defense sequester and fully fund our great military. As part of our defense, we must modernize and rebuild our nuclear arsenal, hopefully never having to use it, but making it so strong and so powerful that it will deter any acts of aggression by any other nation or anyone else. some day in the future there will be a magical moment when the countries of the world will get together to eliminate their nuclear weapons. Unfortunately, we are not there yet, sadly. Last year, I also pledged that we would work with our allies to extinguish ISIS from the face of the Earth. One year later, I am proud to report that the coalition to defeat ISIS has liberated very close to 100 percent of the territory just recently held by these killers in Iraq and in Syria and in other locations, as well. But there is much more work to be done. We will continue our fight until ISIS is defeated. Army Staff Sergeant Justin Peck is here tonight. Near Raqqa last November, Justin and his comrade, Chief Petty Officer Kenton Stacy, were on a mission to clear buildings that ISIS had rigged with explosive so that civilians could return to that city, hopefully soon and hopefully safely. Clearing the second floor of a vital hospital, Kenton Stacy was severely wounded by an explosion. Immediately, Justin bounded into the booby-trapped and unbelievably dangerous and unsafe building and found Kenton, but in very, very bad shape. He applied pressure to the wound and inserted a tube to reopen an airway. He then performed CPR for 20 straight minutes during the ground transport and maintained artificial respiration through two-and-a-half hours and through emergency surgery. Kenton Stacy would have died if it were not for Justin's selfless love for his fellow warrior. Tonight, Kenton is recovering in Texas. Raqqa is liberated. And Justin is wearing his new Bronze Star, with a V for Valor. Staff", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00708", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00167", "text": "sex for 18 months and are free of significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas. Transgender individuals receiving hormone therapy must be stable on their medication for 18 months. The requirements make it challenging for a transgender recruit to pass. But they mirror concerns President Barack Obama's administration laid out when the Pentagon initially lifted its ban on transgender service last year. \"Due to the complexity of this new medical standard, trained medical officers will perform a medical prescreen of transgender applicants for military service who otherwise meet all applicable applicant standards,\" Eastburn said. Aaron Belkin, director of the California-based Palm Center, an independent institute that has conducted research on sexual minorities in the military, said the 18-month timeline is fair. \"It's a good standard because the Pentagon is treating gender dysphoria according to the same standards that are applied to all medical conditions,\" he said. However, Elaine Donnelly, president for the Center For Military readiness, said Trump \"has every right to review, revise, or repeal his predecessor's military transgender policies, which would detract from mission readiness and combat lethality.\" Court judges, she said, are not qualified to run the military. The Pentagon move Monday signals the growing sense within the government that authorities are to lose the legal fight. \"The controversy will not be about whether you allow transgender enlistees, it's going to be on what terms,\" said Brad Carson, who was deeply involved in the last administration's decisions. \"That's really where the controversy will lie.\" Carson worried, however, that the Defense Department could opt to comply with a deadline on allowing transgender recruits, but \"under such onerous terms that practically there will be none.\" Carson, who worked for Ash Carter as the acting undersecretary of defense for personnel, said requiring 18 months of stability in the preferred sex is a reasonable time. \"It doesn't have any basis in science,\" he said, noting that experts have suggested six months is enough. \"But as a compromise among competing interests and to err on the side of caution, 18 months was what people came around to. And that's a reasonable position and defensible.\" Sarah McBride, spokeswoman for Human Rights Campaign, praised the court's ruling, saying that it affirms \"there is simply no legitimate reason to forbid willing and able transgender Americans from serving their country.\" ___ Associated Press Writer Jessica Gresko in Washington contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 492, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00709", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00168", "text": "The occurrence of new FU Orionis-like objects is fundamental to understand the outburst mechanism in young stars and their role in star formation and disk evolution. Our work is aimed at investigating the properties of the recent outburst of V1647 Ori. Using optical and mid infrared long slit spectroscopy we monitored V1647 Ori in outburst between February 2004 and January 2006. The optical spectrum is characterized by Halpha and Hbeta in P-Cygni profile and by many weak FeI and FeII emission lines. Short timescale variability was measured in the continuum and line emission. On January 2006 we detected for the first time forbidden emission lines ([OI], [SII] and [FeII]). These lines are produced by an Herbig-Haro object driven by V1647 Ori. The mid infrared the spectrum of V1647 Ori is flat and featureless at all epochs. The SED changed drastically: the source was much redder in the early outburst than in the final phase. The magnitude rise and the SED of V1647 Ori resembles that of a FUor while the duration and recurrence of the outburst resemble that of a EXor. The optical spectrum is clearly distinct from either the absorption line spectrum of a FUor or the T Tauri-like spectrum of an EXor. Our data are consistent with a disk instability event which led to an increase of the mass accretion rate. The data also suggest the presence of a circumstellar envelope around the star+disk system. The peculiar N band spectrum be explained by dust sublimation in the outer layers of the disk. The presence of the envelope and the outburst statistics suggest that these instability events occur only in a specific stage of a Class I source (e.g. in the transition phase to an optically visible star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk). We discuss the outburst mechanisms in term of the thermal instability model.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 391, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00277", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00169", "text": "medalist, who called the course in Jeongseon \"slow motion.\" In St. Moritz, it was world championship downhill silver medalist Erik Guay of Canada who wished for a faster, tougher test at the Pyeongchang Olympics. Guay said the test race had too many slowing turns, and was similar to a super-G — a pointed remark from the 35-year-old Canadian who is the new world champion in that discipline. \"I hope that they set it a little differently,\" Guay said of the Olympic course. \"that they should make it flow a little bit better. But the slope itself is great.\" The men and women share the Olympic hill, but not exactly the same terrain. Russi said there is time to adapt both before the Olympics. The women will compete in World Cup downhill and super-G races on March 4-5. \"Basically the character will remain the same (as the men's),\" Russi said of the women's downhill track. \"the turns will be a little bit tighter. one, two, three, four more turns. the jumps a little less big, less long. Perfect for ladies.\" Other factors could also change Olympic race-day conditions, such as snow quality and humidity in a mountain region only 40 kilometers (25 miles) inland. \"If the weather is good (the snow) is going to be rather on the hard side, on the icy side,\" Russi said. \"Everything is on track.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00711", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00170", "text": "they were to be married, and 70 percent reporting their first sexual initiation within marriage taking place before their first menstrual period, according to a 2004 Population Council survey. (7) In some areas of northern Nigeria, 45 percent of girls are married by age 15 and 73 percent by age 18, with age gaps between girls and the husbands averaging between 12 and 18 years. (8) Between half and three-quarters of all girls are married before the age of 18 in the following countries: Niger, Chad, Mali, Bangladesh, Guinea, the Central African Republic, Mozambique, Burkina Faso, and Nepal, according to Demographic Health Survey data. (9) Factors perpetuating child marriage include poverty, a lack of educational or employment opportunities for girls, parental concerns to ensure sexual relations within marriage, the dowry system, and the perceived lack of value of girls. (10) Child marriage has negative effects on girls' health, including significantly increased risk of maternal death and morbidity, infant mortality and morbidity, obstetric fistula, and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. (11) According to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), increasing the age at first birth for a woman will increase her chances of survival. Currently, pregnancy and childbirth complications are the leading cause of death for women 15 to 19 years old in developing countries. (12) In developing countries, girls 15 years of age are five times more to die in childbirth than women in their 20s. (13) Child marriage can result in bonded labor or enslavement, commercial sexual exploitation, and violence against the victims, according to UNICEF. (14) Out-of-school or unschooled girls are at greater risk of child marriage while girls in school face pressure to withdraw from school when secondary school requires monetary costs, travel, or other social costs, including lack of lavatories and supplies for menstruating girls and increased risk of sexual violence. (15) In Mozambique 60 percent of girls with no education are married by age 18, compared to 10 percent of girls with secondary schooling and less than 1 percent of girls with higher education. (16) According to UNICEF, in 2005 it was estimated that ``about half of girls in Sub-Saharan Africa who drop out of primary school do so because of poor water and sanitation facilities''. (17) UNICEF reports that investments", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01141", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00171", "text": "We study the perturbations of a relatively close third star on a tidally distorted eccentric eclipsing binary. We consider both the observational consequences of the variations of the orbital elements and the interactions of the stellar rotation with the orbital revolution in the presence of dissipation. We concentrate mainly on the effect of a hypothetical third companion on both the real, and the observed apsidal motion period. We investigate how the observed period derived mainly from some variants of the O-C relates to the real apsidal motion period. We carried out both analytical and numerical investigations and give the time variations of the orbital elements of the binary both in the dynamical and the observational reference frames. We give the direct analytical form of an eclipsing O-C affected simultaneously by the mutual tidal forces and the gravitational interactions with a tertiary. We also integrated numerically simultaneously the orbital and rotational equations for the possible hierarchical triple stellar system AS Camelopardalis. We find that there is a significant domain of the possible hierarchical triple system configurations, where both the dynamical and the observational effects tend to measure longer apsidal advance rate than is expected theoretically. This happens when the mutual inclination of the close and the wide orbits is large, and the orbital plane of the tertiary almost coincides with the plane of the sky. We also obtain new numerical results on the interaction of the orbital evolution and stellar rotation in such triplets. The most important fact is that resonances occur as the stellar rotational rate varies during the dissipation-driven synchronization process...", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00348", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00172", "text": "The blazar 3C 454.3 underwent an unprecedented optical outburst in spring 2005. This was first followed by a mm and then by a cm radio outburst, which peaked in February 2006. We report on follow-up observations by the WEBT to study the multiwavelength emission in the post-outburst phase. XMM-Newton observations on July and December 2006 added information on the X-ray and UV fluxes. The source was in a faint state. The radio flux at the higher frequencies showed a fast decreasing trend, which represents the tail of the big radio outburst. It was followed by a quiescent state, common at all radio frequencies. In contrast, moderate activity characterized the NIR and optical light curves, with a progressive increase of the variability amplitude with increasing wavelength. We ascribe this redder-when-brighter behaviour to the presence of a \"little blue bump\" due to line emission from the broad line region, which is clearly visible in the source SED during faint states. Moreover, the data from the XMM-Newton OM reveal a rise of the SED in the UV, suggesting the existence of a \"big blue bump\" due to thermal emission from the accretion disc. The X-ray spectra are well fitted with a power-law model with photoelectric absorption, larger than the Galactic one. However, the comparison with previous X-ray observations would imply that the amount of absorbing matter is variable. Alternatively, the intrinsic X-ray spectrum presents a curvature, which may depend on the X-ray brightness. In this case, two scenarios are possible.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00483", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00173", "text": "A rally with white nationalists chanting phrases like \"Jews will not replace us\" and \"end immigration, one people, one nation\" was, as many expressed online, disturbing yet not really all that surprising. Within hours of the tragedy in Charlottesville, journalists, scholars and other leading voices weighed in around the Internet, with analysis and deeper understanding of how this unfolded. Below are some of the most revealing pieces we read. Here at Code Switch, my teammate Gene Demby wrote about about how white nationalists are edging their movement out of the shadows: \"Richard Spencer, the white nationalist leader and University of Virginia alum who coined the term 'alt-right,' would count that openness as its own incremental success. 'If you greeted someone in 1985 and you said, 'all gays should marry,' you actually would get a lot of laughs,' Spencer told The Atlantic last year, not long after the election. 'By 2015, gay marriage is popular. What is possible has shifted. That's what the alt-right is doing. It's shifting the reality of what's possible, and imagining a reality in which they are.' \" Code Switch alum Matt Thompson, now executive editor at The Atlantic, riffed on the brazenness of the white supremacists who marched this weekend, compared with Klan members of decades past who hid under white hoods. \"The shameless return of white supremacy into America's public spaces to be happening by degrees, and quickly,\" Thompson wrote. Dara Lind, a reporter at Vox who wrote an explainer of the rally and its origins, described it as a \"coming-out party for resurgent white nationalism in America.\" Nathan Guttman, a reporter with Forward, an online news site aimed at Jewish Americans, penned a vivid piece about covering the march. He recounted watching as Spencer launched into a rant about the mayor of Charlottesville, Michael Signer. \" '[L]ittle Mayor Signer — SEE-NER — how do you pronounce this little creep's name?' asked Richard Spencer, a right-wing leader who dreams of a 'white ethnostate,' as he stood on a bench under a tree to rally his troops, deprived of their protest. The crowd knew exactly how to pronounce his name: 'Jew, Jew, Jew, Jew' some shouted out. The rest burst out in laughter. And that was one of the only moments of levity the alt-right audience gathered under the tree enjoyed.\" And Jia Tolentino", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00617", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00174", "text": "We present a study of the shapes, orientations, and alignments of Galactic dark matter subhalos in the ``Via Lactea'' simulation of a Milky Way-size LCDM host halo. Whereas isolated dark matter halos tend to be prolate, subhalos are predominantly triaxial. Overall subhalos are more spherical than the host halo, with minor to major and intermediate to major axis ratios of 0.68 and 0.83, respectively. Like isolated halos, subhalos tend to be less spherical in their central regions. The principal axis ratios are independent of subhalo mass, when the shapes are measured within a physical scale like r_Vmax, the radius of the peak of the circular velocity curve. Subhalos tend to be slightly more spherical closer to the host halo center. The spatial distribution of the subhalos traces the prolate shape of the host halo when they are selected by the largest V_max they ever had, i.e. before they experienced strong tidal mass loss. The subhalos' orientation is not random: the major axis tends to align with the direction towards the host halo center. This alignment disappears for halos beyond 3 r_200 and is more pronounced when the shapes are measured in the outer regions of the subhalos. The radial alignment is preserved during a subhalo's orbit and they become elongated during pericenter passage, indicating that the alignment is caused by the host halo's tidal forces. These tidal interactions with the host halo act to make subhalos rounder over time.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 317, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00147", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00175", "text": "We consider the neutrino (and antineutrino) flavors arriving at Earth for neutrinos produced in the annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the Sun's core. Solar-matter effects on the flavor propagation of the resulting $\\agt$ GeV neutrinos are studied analytically within a density-matrix formalism. Matter effects, including mass-state level-crossings, influence the flavor fluxes considerably. The exposition herein is somewhat pedagogical, in that it starts with adiabatic evolution of single flavors from the Sun's center, with $\\theta_{13}$ set to zero, and progresses to fully realistic processing of the flavor ratios expected in WIMP decay, from the Sun's core to the Earth. In the fully realistic calculation, non-adiabatic level-crossing is included, as are possible nonzero values for $\\theta_{13}$ and the CP-violating phase $\\delta$. Due to resonance enhancement in matter, nonzero values of $\\theta_{13}$ even smaller than a degree can noticeably affect flavor propagation. Both normal and inverted neutrino-mass hierarchies are considered. Our main conclusion is that measuring flavor ratios (in addition to energy spectra) of $\\agt$ GeV solar neutrinos can provide discrinination between WIMP models. In particular, we demonstrate the flavor differences at Earth for neutrinos from the two main classes of WIMP final states, namely $W^+ W^-$ and 95% $b \\bar{b}$ + 5% $\\tau^+\\tau^-$. Conversely, if WIMP properties were to be learned from production in future accelerators, then the flavor ratios of $\\agt$ GeV solar neutrinos be useful for inferring $\\theta_{13}$ and the mass hierarchy.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 362, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00445", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00176", "text": "50 years of age to 64 years of age declined from about 79 percent to 73 percent. (9) In 2009, only 53 percent of 18- to 64-year-olds in the United States reported having ever received an HIV test. (10) The proportion of women in the United States 22 years of age to 30 years of age who reported never having had a Pap test increased from 6.6 percent in 2000 to 9.0 percent in 2010 despite current recommendations that they receive a Pap test every three years. (11) In 2007, 29.3 percent of women in the United States delivering a live birth did not receive any prenatal care in the first trimester, even though first trimester prenatal care is recommended. (12) Among sexually active females in the United States who are 16 years of age to 20 years of age, only 52.7 percent of such females receiving benefits under the Medicaid program and 40.1 percent of such females with health insurance coverage under commercial health insurance plans were screened for genital Chlamydia infections during the measurement year, as reported in 2008. A 2013 analysis published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that for Chlamydia cases diagnosed in 2008 alone, the associated lifetime direct medical costs amount to $516.7 million. (13) Almost half (49 percent) of the 6.7 million pregnancies in the United States each year (3.2 million) are unintended. Multiple studies have shown that improved access to birth control significantly improves the health of women and their families, as it is directly linked to improved maternal and infant health outcomes. Women that plan their pregnancies are more to access prenatal care, improving their own health and the health of their children. (14) Between 2006 and 2010, one-third of all pregnancies were conceived within 18 months of a previous birth, an interval that is potentially harmful to the health of the mother. (15) Improved access to family planning also saves money. For every $1.00 invested in family planning, taxpayers save nearly $4.00 in Medicaid-related expenses. (16) During the 2011-2012 flu season, 53 percent of pregnant women did not receive recommended vaccination against influenza. SEC. 3. WOMEN'S PREVENTIVE HEALTH AWARENESS CAMPAIGN. Part P", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00854", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00177", "text": "Greitens had believed he could beat both a criminal charge and impeachment, \"he couldn't see the end without an immense financial and personal price to pay,\" Roe told The Associated Press on Wednesday. Even though he's quitting amid scandal, some Greitens voters said they still like him. Retiree Wilma Nelson said she would be open to voting for Greitens again if he sought to re-enter politics. \"I can't fault him for giving up. So much money, so much stress, such strain on his young family. You can't deal with such hate,\" said Nelson, of Platte City. Political science professor Jeremy Walling, of Southeast Missouri State University, said Greitens' pledge to keep fighting seemed to be \"some face-saving.\" Walling said several factors would make a political revival tougher for Greitens than for other scandal-plagued politicians. He said Greitens lacks deep support among Missouri's Republican power brokers, and his acknowledged extramarital affair included claims of sexual misconduct. The allegations also extended to political fundraising violations. \"a comeback is going to be kind of difficult for this guy,\" Walling said. Gardner, the St. Louis prosecutor, said her decision to drop the data-tampering charge against Greitens was no indication that she believed he was innocent. \"I remain confident we have the evidence required to pursue charges against Mr. Greitens, but sometimes pursuing charges is not the right thing to do for our city or our state,\" said Gardner, a Democrat. Had the governor been convicted, Gardner said, it was unlikely that he would be sentenced to prison, given the type of charge he faced and the fact that he would be a first-time offender. Jim Martin, an attorney for Greitens, acknowledged reaching out to Gardner to resolve the issue. A St. Louis judge approved the agreement, which has seven stipulations, two of which are sealed and unavailable to the public. One of the open stipulations states that Greitens has agreed to release Gardner and everyone in her office from civil liability. Former Missouri Supreme Court Chief Justice Michael Wolff said the agreement between Greitens' attorneys and Gardner's office is highly unusual because it protects Gardner and her staff from being sued for their actions and because Greitens did not have to plead guilty to any lesser charge. \"Here's a guy who gets to get out of a felony charge just by agreeing to quit his job,\" Wolff said", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00790", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00178", "text": "We use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with unprecedented resolution to study the formation of primordial stars in an ionized gas at high redshifts. Our approach includes all the relevant atomic and molecular physics to follow the thermal evolution of a prestellar gas cloud to very high densities of ~10^{18} cm^{-3}. We locate a star-forming gas cloud within a reionized region in our cosmological simulation. The first run-away collapse is triggered when the gas cloud's mass is ~40 Msun. We show that the cloud core remains stable against chemo-thermal instability and also against gravitational deformation throughout its evolution. Consequently, a single proto-stellar seed is formed, which accretes the surrounding hot gas at the rate ~10^{-3} Msun/year. We carry out proto-stellar evolution calculations using the inferred accretion rate. The resulting mass of the star when it reaches the zero-age main sequence is M_ZAMS ~40 Msun. We argue that, since the obtained M_ZAMS is as large as the mass of the collapsing parent cloud, the final stellar mass should be close to this value. Such massive, rather than exceptionally massive, primordial stars are expected to cause early chemical enrichment of the Universe by exploding as black hole-forming super/hypernovae, and may also be progenitors of high redshift gamma-ray bursts. The elemental abundance patterns of recently discovered hyper metal-poor stars suggest that they have been born from the interstellar medium that was metal-enriched by supernovae of these massive primordial stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 317, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00286", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00179", "text": "For decades, workers from line level to management aspired to be experts in their particular niche. If you were an IT leader at an automotive parts company, you'd strive to learn every nuance of the industry, attending industry conferences, hiring outside industry experts, and occasionally visiting the customers that used your components as a way to gain an additional perspective. However, new competitors, new technologies, and companies that are willing to abandon the \"rules of the road\" are changing the game. Savvy leaders are finding inspiration outside the walls of their company, and apply techniques from seemingly unrelated industries to their companies. Taking inspiration from unlikely places has a twofold benefit. First, it can allow you to identify tools or techniques that haven't yet been applied to your industry. Secondly, it can reignite a passion for your company or even your career more broadly. If you're feeling that there's little left to learn or inspire, taking an outside perspective provides an entirely new world of knowledge to excite and inspire you. Here are some ideas for gaining an outside perspective. 1. Be a student of the world Too many adults have lost the joy with which children explore their worlds, constantly asking why and trying to determine how something works. As leaders, we can apply this zeal inside and outside our offices. Despite years at an organization, give yourself permission to explore why certain things are designed a certain way, and to look for how that process improved, modified, or abandoned. Similarly, let your curiosity roam outside work, when you're shopping, traveling, or engaging in a hobby. Good design, interesting processes, and innovation are all around us, and an intriguing customer experience at your favorite store serve as inspiration for everything from an employee training application to a story that helps sell your next internal initiative. Next time you're stuck in line, waiting for a meal, or in a waiting room at a doctor's office, put your phone away and just observe. How are people interacting? What technologies are being used or disused? How are employees interacting with their customers? What's interesting or noteworthy about the physical space? You'll suddenly find that there's inspiration all around you. SEE: How to keep your staff motivated and engaged (free PDF) (TechRepublic) 2. Follow aspirational companies and industries Rather than looking solely to industry peers or your customer base for inspiration, identify a few companies or industries that have capabilities that you'd like to acquire. Recently many", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00571", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00180", "text": "We present results from deeper {\\em Chandra} observations of the southwest radio lobe of Centaurus A, first described by Kraft et al. (2003). We find that the sharp X-ray surface brightness discontinuity extends around $\\sim$75% of the periphery of the radio lobe, and detect significant temperature jumps in the brightest regions of this discontinuity nearest to the nucleus. This demonstrates that this discontinuity is indeed a strong shock which is the result of an overpressure which has built up in the entire lobe over time. Additionally, we demonstrate that if the mean free path for ions to transfer energy and momentum to the electrons behind the shock is as large as the Spitzer value, the electron and proton temperatures will not have equilibrated along the SW boundary of the radio lobe where the shock is strongest. Thus the proton temperature of the shocked gas considerably larger than the observed electron temperature, and the total energy of the outburst correspondingly larger as well. We investigate this using a simple one-dimensional shock model for a two-fluid (proton/electron) plasma. We find that for the thermodynamic parameters of the Cen A shock the electron temperature rises rapidly from $\\sim$0.29 keV (the temperature of the ambient ISM) to $\\sim$3.5 keV at which point heating from the protons is balanced by adiabatic losses. The proton and electron temperatures do not equilibrate in a timescale less than the age of the lobe. We note that the measured electron temperature of similar features in other nearby powerful radio galaxies in poor environments may considerably underestimate the strength and velocity of the shock.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00298", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00181", "text": "MOSCOW (AP) — Now that President Vladimir Putin has overwhelmingly won re-election for another six years, some are wondering whether he will try to stay in power in Russia for life. Chinese leader Xi Jinping recently managed it, scrapping term limits — and was among the first world leaders to congratulate Putin on his victory Sunday. Leaders across the former Soviet Union also have guaranteed themselves lifetime presidencies. It wouldn't be that hard for Putin to follow suit. He would have to change Russia's constitution to get rid of term limits, but he has both houses of parliament at his service to rubber stamp it. Putin has faced this question before. In 2008, he had reached his limit of two four-year terms and couldn't run again. So he anointed loyal associate Dmitry Medvedev as his approved candidate for president, and Medvedev named Putin to the post of prime minister, where he continued to call the shots for the next four years. While president, Medvedev changed the constitution to extend presidential terms to six years instead of four. That paved the way for another 12 years of Putin after he returned to the presidency in 2012. When his new term expires in 2024, Putin may find a malleable successor and create a new role for himself to keep running Russia from behind the scenes. Experts say Putin is keeping all options open but probably won't make a decision until midway through his term. He has insisted on respecting the constitution, and said Sunday night he has no plans to change it — \"yet.\" Whatever happens, he's not to do away with elections. Although he has stifled serious opponents, Putin likes elections because they give him democratic legitimacy in the West. He laughed off the option of taking a six-year break after 2024 before moving to reclaim the presidency in 2030. The 65-year-old leader responded to a reporter: \"It's a bit ridiculous, let's do the math. Shall I sit here until I turn 100? No!\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 409, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00805", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00182", "text": "Republicans are trying to prevent a political tremor from happening Tuesday night just north of Atlanta that would be a blow to President Trump and a boon to the rising Democratic opposition to him. \"I'm very concerned,\" said Tom Boyle, a 76-year-old retiree from Roswell, Ga., as he was making calls at a Republican phone bank on Monday afternoon. In a closely watched Georgia special election that Democrats have tried to turn into a referendum on Trump, if Democrat Jon Ossoff is able to top 50 percent in Tuesday's all-party primary featuring 18 candidates he'll win outright here. That's a result that was thought impossible months ago. This is a district, after all, that was held for two decades by former Republican House Speaker Newt Gingrich and for the past 12 years by Tom Price, an anti-Obamacare champion, who vacated the seat when he was appointed as Trump's Health and Human Services secretary. While an outright Ossoff win Tuesday night still remains improbable, it's no longer thought to be impossible. Still, given the Republican leanings of this district, and a strong push from GOP outside groups, an outright win Tuesday be Ossoff's best chance at winning the seat. The stakes are high for both parties. If Republicans lose, it would send a warning signal to the Trump White House ahead of next year's midterms, as Republicans look to hold onto control of Congress — and Trump's agenda. But if Democrats can't win, either now or in a June runoff, given all the money and resources poured into the contest, it will raise questions about their ability to compete in the types of districts they'll need to win back the House, beginning with one like this in Georgia. \"A chance to make a statement\" Ossoff, a 30-year-old documentary filmmaker and former Capitol Hill aide, has raised eye-popping amounts of money (much of it from outside the state) and captured national attention. \"The eyes of the whole country are on us right now,\" Ossoff told volunteers gathered Saturday evening to canvass at his Chamblee campaign office. \"The eyes of the world are on us right now. We are the first up to bat in the country with a chance to make a statement about what we stand for.\" Sensing opportunity, Democrats have poured in resources — and the race has drawn celebrity attention. Actor Samuel L. Jackson, for example, cut a radio ad supporting Osso", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00627", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00183", "text": "The relationship between the metric and nonrelativistic matter distribution depends on the theory of gravity and additional fields, providing a possible way of distinguishing competing theories. With the assumption that the geometry and kinematics of the homogeneous universe have been measured to sufficient accuracy, we present a procedure for understanding and testing the relationship between the cosmological matter distribution and metric perturbations (along with their respective evolution) using the ratio of the physical size of the perturbation to the size of the horizon as our small expansion parameter. We expand around Newtonian gravity on linear, subhorizon scales with coefficient functions in front of the expansion parameter. Our framework relies on an ansatz which ensures that (i) the Poisson equation is recovered on small scales (ii) the metric variables (and any additional fields) are generated and supported by the nonrelativistic matter overdensity. The scales for which our framework is intended are small enough so that cosmic variance does not significantly limit the accuracy of the measurements and large enough to avoid complications from nonlinear effects and baryon cooling. The coefficient functions provide a general framework for contrasting the consequences of Lambda CDM and its alternatives. We calculate the coefficient functions for general relativity with a cosmological constant and dark matter, GR with dark matter and quintessence, scalar-tensor theories, f(R) gravity and braneworld models. We identify a unique signature of braneworld models. Constraining the coefficient functions provides a streamlined approach for testing gravity in a scale dependent manner. We briefly discuss the observations best suited for an application of our framework.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00464", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00184", "text": "The relation between tidal interactions, starbursts, and the onset and/or fueling of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a matter of debate. I Zw 1 is considered as the prototypical narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1) and as one of the closest quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). With a clear spiral host and a small companion galaxy to the west, I Zw 1 is a possible example of minor-merger-related nuclear activity. This study investigates possible signs of a relation between merger process, star formation activity, and AGN properties in the case of I Zw 1. The morphology of I Zw 1 and nearby sources is investigated via high-resolution NIR images. Color trends in the host galaxy of I Zw 1 are discussed by means of optical-to-NIR color composites. Long-slit spectra of the QSO nucleus of I Zw 1 and of the two nearby sources to the north and the west of the I Zw 1 disk are analyzed. The data support the scenario of a tidal interaction between I Zw 1 and the small companion galaxy to the west. A concentration of blue color in the western part of the I Zw 1 host galaxy be the manifestation of merger-induced star formation activity. Previous findings that the companion has an old evolved stellar population are substantiated by the new data. An extension to the west of the putative companion emerges as a separate source. The source to the north of the I Zw 1 disk is reconfirmed as a late-type foreground star. Lines in the nuclear K-band spectrum of I Zw 1 are discussed in comparison to data prior to this article and line fluxes are reported.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 344, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00153", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00185", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``International Child Labor Elimination Act of 1996''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds the following: (1) Article 32 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child recognizes ``the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.''. (2) Article 2 of Convention 138 of the International Labor Organization, the Minimum Age Convention, states that the minimum age for admission to employment or work ``shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling and, in any case, shall not be less than 15 years.''. (3) Convention 29 of International Labor Organization, the Forced Labor Convention, which has been in effect since 1930, prohibits most forms of ``forced or compulsory labor'', including all forced labor by people under the age of 18. (4) Although it is among the most universally condemned of all human rights abuses, child labor is widely practiced. The International Labor Organization has estimated the total number of child workers to be between 100,000,000 and 200,000,000. More than 95 percent of those child workers live in developing countries. (5) The International Labor Organization has estimated that 13.2 percent of all children 10 to 14 years of age around the world were economically active in 1995. There are no reliable figures on workers under 10 years of age, though their numbers are known to be significant. Reliable child labor statistics are not readily available, in part because many governments in the developing world are reluctant to document those activities, which are often illegal under domestic laws, which violate international standards, and which may be perceived as a failure of internal public policy. (6) Notwithstanding international and domestic prohibitions, many children in developing countries are forced to work as debt-bonded and slave laborers in hazardous and exploitative industries. According to the United Nations Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery and the International Labor Organization, there are tens of millions of child slaves in the world today. Large numbers of those slaves are involved in agricultural and domestic labor, the sex industry, the carpet and textile industries, and quarrying and brick making. (7) In", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01152", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00186", "text": "B) to prevent an undue risk of bodily, emotional, or financial harm to individuals. For purposes of subparagraph (B), the Commission shall consider the nature, likelihood and severity of the anticipated harm; the nature, likelihood and extent of any benefits that realized from the sale or purchase of the numbers; and any other relevant factors. (3) Exceptions.--The regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include exceptions which permit the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers-- (A) to the extent necessary for law enforcement or national security purposes; (B) to the extent necessary for public health purposes; (C) to the extent necessary in emergency situations to protect the health or safety of 1 or more individuals; (D) to the extent necessary for research conducted for the purpose of advancing public knowledge, on the condition that the researcher provides adequate assurances that-- (i) the Social Security numbers or Social Security account numbers will not be used to harass, target, or publicly reveal information concerning any identifiable individuals; (ii) information about identifiable individuals obtained from the research will not to be used to make decisions that directly affect the rights, benefits, or privileges of specific individuals; and (iii) the researcher has in place appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy and confidentiality of any information about identifiable individuals; (E) to the extent consistent with an individual's voluntary and affirmative written consent to the sale or purchase of a Social Security number or Social Security account number that has been assigned to that individual; and (F) under other appropriate circumstances as the Commission may determine and as are consistent with the findings in section 2 and the principles in paragraph (2). (c) Rulemaking.-- (1) Deadline for action.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate the regulations under subsection (b) of this section, in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code. (2) Effective dates.--Subsection (a), the regulations promulgated under subsection (b), and section 5 shall take effect 30 days after the date on which the final regulations issued under this section are published in the Federal Register. (d) Enforcement.--Any violation of a regulation promulgated under subsection (b) of this section shall be treated as a violation of a regulation under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00844", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00187", "text": "Not only Babchenko, but as many as 30 other Russian exiles in Ukraine. Read more: 'Killing' of Babchenko: A big show raises lots of questions Barely able to contain his satisfaction, Ukraine's Prosecutor General Yuriy Lutsenko read out a series of earlier comments from political opponents inside and outside the country – slamming Ukraine's inability to protect journalists like Arkady Babchenko. The critics, he said, had been proved wrong. Political killings to destabilize? President Petro Poroshenko hailed the news as a sign that Ukraine had \"passed the sovereignty test\" and called the day a \"birthday\" of sorts for the nation. But even beyond government circles there was much vocal approval online for the government's strategy and its willingness to take risks. Read more: Ukraine foreign minister urges tougher Russia action, World Cup boycott But what about the cost to Ukraine's international credibility? The hours following Babchenko's \"killing” saw Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman slam Russia's \"totalitarian machine” and call for his \"killer” to be punished in a late night Facebook post. Could Groysman not have known what was going on? At about the same time Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin was at the UN in New York, where he spoke of his government's reasons for believing that Russia would not shy away from political killings to destabilize Ukraine. But, he stressed, the investigation had only just got underway. With hindsight it like a remarkably measured statement. An attempt to avoid saying anything more compromising? we'll never know. Elementary methods Ukrainian MP Anton Gerashenko was adamant that the ends very definitely justified the means, \"Even Sherlock Holmes successfully faked his own death in order to get to the bottom of difficult and complex crimes. However painful that have been for his family and Doctor Watson\" - a sentiment that was echoed by many in Kyiv's political classes. Read more: Ukraine: The forgotten victims of Donbass But beyond Ukraine's borders the reaction has been much less forgiving. The head of Reporters without Borders, Christophe Deloire, called the day's developments \"pathetic and regrettable.” The the OSCE's Representative on Media Freedom, Harlem Desir, was on his way to Kyiv when news emerged that Babchenko was not after all dead. So far Ukraine's European allies have yet to respond, but they are unlikely to appreciate being dragged into a stunt", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00830", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00188", "text": "We present the results of far-infrared imaging of extended regions around three bipolar pre-planetary nebulae, AFGL 2688, OH 231.8+4.2, and IRAS 16342$-$3814, at 70 and 160 $\\mu$m with the MIPS instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. After a careful subtraction of the point spread function of the central star from these images, we place constraints on the existence of extended shells and thus on the mass outflow rates as a function of radial distance from these stars. We find no apparent extended emission in AFGL 2688 and OH 231.8+4.2 beyond 100 arcseconds from the central source. In the case of AFGL 2688, this result is inconsistent with a previous report of two extended dust shells made on the basis of ISO observations. We derive an upper limit of $2.1\\times10^{-7}$ M$_\\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and $1.0\\times10^{-7}$ M$_\\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ for the dust mass loss rate of AFGL 2688 and OH 231.8, respectively, at 200 arcseconds from each source. In contrast to these two sources, IRAS 16342$-$3814 does show extended emission at both wavelengths, which can be interpreted as a very large dust shell with a radius of $\\sim$ 400 arcseconds and a thickness of $\\sim$ 100 arcseconds, corresponding to 4 pc and 1 pc, respectively, at a distance of 2 kpc. However, this enhanced emission may also be galactic cirrus; better azimuthal coverage is necessary for confirmation of a shell. If the extended emission is a shell, it can be modeled as enhanced mass outflow at a dust mass outflow rate of $1.5\\times10^{-6}$ M$_\\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ superimposed on a steady outflow with a dust mass outflow rate of $1.5\\times10^{-7}$ M$_\\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. It is that this shell has swept up a substantial mass of interstellar gas during its expansion, so these estimates are upper limits to the stellar mass loss rate.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 474, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00322", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00189", "text": "The energies of the low-lying isoscalar and isovector ud anti-s anti-s configurations with spin-parity J^P=0^+, 1^+, and 2^+ are calculated in a non-relativistic constituent quark model by use of the variational method. The contributions of various parts of the quark-quark interacting potentials including the s-channel interaction are investigated, and the effect of different forms of confinement potential is examined. The model parameters are determined by the same method as in our previous work, and they still can satisfactorily describe the nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts and the hyperon-nucleon cross sections. The parameters of the s-channel interaction are fixed by the masses of K and K^* mesons, for which the size parameter is taken to be two possible values. When it is chosen as the same as baryons', the numerical results show that the masses of all the ud anti-s anti-s configurations are higher than the corresponding meson-meson thresholds. But when the size parameter for the K and K^* mesons is adjusted to be smaller than that for the baryons, the ud anti-s anti-s configuration with I=0 and J^P=1^+ is found to lie lower than the K^*K^* threshold, furthermore, this state has a very small KK^* component and the interaction matrix elements between this state and KK^* is comparatively small, thus its coupling to the KK^* channel will consequently be weak and it be regarded as a possible tetraquark candidate.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 323, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00320", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00190", "text": "This week marks the world premiere of Frame by Frame, The National Ballet of Canada's new full length ballet based on the life and work of innovative filmmaker Norman McLaren. While those outside of the cinephile community not be familiar with McLaren's work, he is commonly credited with advancing film techniques including animation and pixilation in the 20th century—he died in 1987. The Canadian artist's many accolades include a 1952 Oscar for Best Documentary for his abstract short film Neighbours (watch the whole thing here). Later in life, McLaren became interested in ballet, and made a number of dance films including his renowned 1968 Pas de deux. NBoC's new work, titled Frame by Frame, will run June 1-10 in Toronto. The ballet combines vignettes of McLaren's life with movement quotes from his films and real time recreations of his technological advances. It was created in collaboration by NBoC principal dancer and choreographic associate Guillaume Côté and film and stage director Robert Lepage, who is making his NBoC debut. Pointe touched base with Côté on how this interdisciplinary project came together. Where did the initial spark for this idea come from? Robert and I have been wanting to work together for years. I approached him about doing a different project a long time ago, and he said \"well, that's not the correct project.\" He came to me about four years after that and said \"I finally have something I'd like to work on with you,\" so then I approached the National Ballet. Were you familiar with McLaren's work before this project? I wasn't. Robert had just worked on a big McLaren documentary, and he got me to come see it and I realized that it was all about movement, and that this animator was basically a choreographer himself, a choreographer of space and time. There was all this material to work with and he'd made a number of iconic dance films, so it seemed like a no brainer. So I started my research and kept finding out more surprising fun facts about McLaren's passion for dance, like that he met Guy Glover, the man that he was in a relationship with for 50 years or so, in the audience at Covent Garden while watching a ballet. Guy was a curator of a dance festival in Canada. Robert Lepage and Guillaume Côté in rehearsal for \"Frame By Frame.\" Photo by Elias Djemil-Mat", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00503", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00191", "text": "We apply the technique of parameter-splitting to existing cosmological data sets, to check for a generic failure of dark energy models. Given a dark energy parameter, such as the energy density Omega_Lambda or equation of state w, we split it into two meta-parameters with one controlling geometrical distances, and the other controlling the growth of structure. Observational data spanning Type Ia Supernovae, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), galaxy clustering, and weak gravitational lensing statistics are fit without requiring the two meta-parameters to be equal. This technique checks for inconsistency between different data sets, as well as for internal inconsistency within any one data set (e.g., CMB or lensing statistics) that is sensitive to both geometry and growth. We find that the cosmological constant model is consistent with current data. Theories of modified gravity generally predict a relation between growth and geometry that is different from that of general relativity. Parameter-splitting can be viewed as a crude way to parametrize the space of such theories. Our analysis of current data already put sharp limits on these theories: assuming a flat universe, current data constrain the difference Omega_Lambda(geom) - Omega_Lambda(grow) to be -0.0044 +/- 0.0058 (68% C.L.); allowing the equation of state w to vary, the difference w(geom) - w(grow) is constrained to be 0.37 +/- 0.37 (68% C.L.). Interestingly, the region w(grow) > w(geom), which should be generically favored by theories that slow structure formation relative to general relativity, is quite restricted by data already. We find w(grow) < -0.80 at 2 sigma. As an example, the best-fit flat Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model approximated by our parametrization lies beyond the 3 sigma contour for constraints from all the data sets.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 402, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00103", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00192", "text": "___ How Facebook likes could profile voters for manipulation NEW YORK (AP) — Facebook likes can tell a lot about a person. even enough to fuel a voter-manipulation effort like the one a Trump-affiliated data-mining firm stands accused of — and which Facebook may have enabled. A Trump-affiliated group, Cambridge Analytica, reportedly tapped similar techniques to try to influence elections using data, including likes, inappropriately obtained on tens of millions of Facebook users. What's not clear is how effective that was. ___ Woman struck and killed by self-driving Uber vehicle FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. (AP) — Police say a self-driving Uber vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in a Phoenix suburb. It is the first fatality involving a fully autonomous test vehicle. Uber has suspended all road-testing of such autos in the U.S. and Canada. Depending on who is found to be at fault, the accident could have far-reaching consequences for the development of self-driving vehicles, which have been billed as potentially safer than human drivers. ___ Claire's, the ear-piercing mall chain, files for bankruptcy NEW YORK (AP) — Claire's, the mall chain that has pierced the ears of millions of teens, has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The accessories chain said Monday that its stores will remain open as it restructures its debt. It's just the latest retailer to seek bankruptcy protection, close stores or go out of business entirely as more people skip the mall and shop online. ___ Maduro's cryptocurrency 'genius' once pushed US sanctions CARACAS, Venezuela (AP) — A chief strategist of Venezuela's government-backed cryptocurrency is a former U.S. congressional intern, and he once organized protests against the same socialist administration he's now helping to circumvent U.S. financial sanctions. Gabriel Jimenez, was catapulted to something of tech stardom in Venezuela last month when he stood alongside President Nicolas Maduro and two Russian businessmen on national TV signing a contract to position the fledgling currency among international investors. ___ Trump bans US use of Venezuelan cryptocurrency WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration is banning all use by Americans of Venezuelan cryptocurrency, saying that its introduction is intended to skirt U.S. sanctions. In a separate move, the administration also slapped sanctions on four current and former senior Venezuelan officials accused of corruption and mismanagement. ___ NYC launches investigation into Kushner Cos. false filings NEW YORK (AP) — A New York City council member has launched an", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00694", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00193", "text": "11 terrorist attacks or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States, within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution. (8) The United States and its allies are engaged in armed conflict with al Qaeda and the Taliban. (9) Military trials of the terrorists may be appropriate to protect the safety of the public and those involved in the investigation and prosecution, to facilitate the use of classified information as evidence without compromising intelligence or military efforts, and otherwise to protect national security interests. (10) Military trials that provide basic procedural guarantees of fairness, consistent with the international law of armed conflict and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (opened for signature December 16, 1966), would garner the support of the community of nations. (11) Due process, including the writ of habeas corpus and the right to an appeals process, must be afforded to any person subject to a military tribunal. (12) Preliminary proceedings should be established to determine whether jurisdiction over the person and over the charge is properly vested in the tribunal. (13) Article I, section 8, of the Constitution provides that the Congress, not the President, has the power to ``constitute Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;... define and punish... Offenses against the Law of Nations;... make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;... make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.''. (14) Without protections and reporting requirements in place, persons detained for an indefinite amount of time would have no recourse. A significant danger exists that due process be evaded simply by failing to bring detainees before a tribunal for trial. (15) Congressional authorization is necessary for the establishment of extraordinary tribunals to adjudicate and punish offenses arising from the September 11, 2001 attacks against the United States and to provide a clear and unambiguous legal foundation for such trials. (16) Judicial review of individual detentions is best handled by a court that would not have to appoint special masters or magistrates to do the necessary fact finding. SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF EXTRAORDINARY TRIBUNALS. (a) Authority.--The President is hereby authorized to establish tribunals for the trial of individuals who", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00860", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00194", "text": "When Attorney General Jeff Sessions was asked how he viewed the car attack in Charlottesville, Va., here's how he responded: \"It does meet the definition of domestic terrorism in our statute,\" he told ABC's Good Morning America. That certainly to suggest the government is looking into a possible terrorism charge against the suspect, 20-year-old James Alex Fields Jr. At Saturday's rally organized by white supremacists, a car slammed into counterprotesters, killing one and injuring 19. But according to the Justice Department and legal analysts, it's simply not possible for the government to file charges of domestic terrorism, because no such criminal law exists. The Patriot Act does define domestic terrorism, and under this designation, the Justice Department has broad powers to investigate, said Neal Katyal, a Georgetown University law professor who served as former President Barack Obama's acting solicitor general and as the national security adviser to the Justice Department. He said the government has three basic ways to approach the Charlottesville case. \"No. 1, this is a hate crime, under the hate crime statutes,\" he said. \"The second is that this is a conspiracy to deprive individuals of civil rights.\" \"And the third is, this is an act of domestic terror, which isn't itself a crime,\" he noted. In short, the government can't file a criminal charge of domestic terrorism, but so defining the incident does allow it to investigate not only an individual suspect, but also any group the suspect may be affiliated with. In an email to NPR, the Justice Department made the same point. The commonwealth of Virginia, meanwhile, has charged Fields with second-degree murder and other crimes. The Charlottesville case has again spurred a discussion about describing far-right violence as terrorism. After the al-Qaida attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, terrorism was associated primarily with radical Islamist groups based abroad. The State Department has a list of nearly 60 groups, all foreign, that are identified as terrorist organizations. The vast majority are radical Islamists. And the government can charge a person — American or foreign — with terrorism on behalf of these international groups. Consider this hypothetical: If the Charlottesville attacker emerged from the car and said he was acting on behalf of the Islamic State, he charged with international terrorism, according to Katyal. Inside the U.S., the political debate be shifting, with growing numbers calling for far-right extremism to be identified as terrorism. But that's almost entirely a", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00653", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00195", "text": "The aim of this work is to develop a systematic manner to close overdetermined systems arising from conformal Killing tensors (CKT). The research performs this action for 1-tensor and 2-tensors. This research makes it possible to develop a new general method for any rank of CKT. This method can also be applied to other types of Killing equations, as well as to overdetermined systems constrained by some other conditions. The major methodological apparatus of the research is a decomposition of the section bundles where the covariant derivatives of the CKT land via generalized gradients. This decomposition generates a tree in which each row represents a higher derivative. After using the conformal Killing equation, just a few components (branches) survive, which means that most of them can be expressed in terms of lower order terms. This results in a finite number of independent jets. Thus, any higher covariant derivative can be written in terms of these jets. The findings of this work are significant methodologically and, more specifically, in the potential for the discovery of symmetries. First, this work has uncovered a new method that used to close overdetermined systems arising from conformal Killing tensors (CKT). Second, through an application of this method, this research finds higher symmetry operators of first and second degree, which are known by other means, for the Laplace operator. The findings also reveal the first order symmetry operators for the Yamabe case. Moreover, the research leads to conjectures about the second order symmetries of the Yamabe operator.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 309, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00119", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00197", "text": "We present the observations of a weak MgII absorption system detected at z~0.452 in the UVES high resolution spectrum of the QSO HE0001-2340. The weaker of the two MgII components forming the system shows associated absorptions due to SiI, CaI and FeI observed for the first time in a QSO spectrum. We investigate the nature of this absorber by comparing its properties with those of different classes of absorbers (weak MgII, Damped Ly-alpha systems and local interstellar clouds) and reproducing its ionization conditions with photoionization models. The observed absorber belongs to the class of weak MgII systems on the basis of its equivalent width, however the relative strength of commonly observed transitions deviates significantly from those of the above mentioned absorbers. A rough estimate of the probability to cross such a system with a QSO line of sight is P~0.03. The presence of rare neutral transitions suggests that the cloud is shielded by a large amount of neutral hydrogen. A detailed comparison of the observed column densities with the average properties of damped Ly-alpha systems and local interstellar cold clouds shows, in particular, deficient MgII/MgI and CaII/CaI ratios in our cloud. The results of photoionization models indicate that the cloud ionized by the UV background. However, a simple model of a single cloud with uniform density cannot reproduce the observed ionic abundance ratios, suggesting a more complex density structure for the absorber. Supposing that ionization corrections are negligible, the most puzzling result is the underabundance of magnesium with respect to iron which is hard to explain both with nucleosynthesis and with differential dust depletion. [Abridged]", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00112", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00198", "text": "We present a systematic examination of the changes in semi-major axis caused by the mutual interactions of a group of massive bodies orbiting a central star in the presence of eccentricity dissipation. For parameters relevant to the oligarchic stage of planet formation, dynamical friction keeps the typical eccentricities small and prevents orbit crossing. Interactions at impact parameters greater than several Hill radii cause the protoplanets to repel each other; if the impact parameter is instead much less than the Hill radius, the protoplanets shift slightly in semi-major axis but remain otherwise unperturbed. If the orbits of two or more protoplanets are separated by less than a Hill radius, they are each pushed towards an equilibrium spacing between their neighbors and can exist as a stable co-orbital system. In the shear-dominated oligarchic phase of planet formation we show that the feeding zones contain several oligarchs instead of only one. Growth of the protoplanets in the oligarchic phase drives the disk to an equilibrium configuration that depends on the mass ratio of protoplanets to planetesimals, $\\Sigma/\\sigma$. Early in the oligarchic phase, when $\\Sigma/\\sigma$ is low, the spacing between rows of co-orbital oligarchs are about 5 Hill radii wide, rather than the 10 Hill radii cited in the literature. It is that at the end of oligarchy the average number of co-orbital oligarchs is greater than unity. In the outer solar system this raises the disk mass required to form the ice giants. In the inner solar system this lowers the mass of the final oligarchs and requires more giant impacts than previously estimated. This result provides additional evidence that Mars is not an untouched leftover from the oligarchic phase, but must be composed of several oligarchs assembled through giant impacts.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00231", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00199", "text": "old an example of one of the many times a Sephora sample has worked on me. It tingles, which I love, and my skin definitely feels plumper after using. Looking back I don’t remember this costing damn near $40 especially because it comes in a very small jar, but that’s how I got myself in this VIB Rouge situation in the first place. Nothing on Earth smells better than this stuff. It’s your standard sparkly booty cream situation that does not actually tighten your butt—still a nice thing to carry around in the summertime nonetheless. I bought the travel size because I rightfully predicted that I would not need 8 ounces of butt cream. Purchased in the shade Conspiracy which is a metallic finish. I rarely buy non-matte lipstick anymore and I almost never wear this so... The consistency is very, very creamy and it takes quite a while to set, but I like it. It’s a very neutral brown (shade: Crop Top) on me and I love to throw it on when I’m not wearing makeup just to feel like I put in a bit of effort. Every single time I step out of the house wearing Tom Ford Noir Pour Femme, I get a compliment. This was yet another case of Sephora’s masterful ability to turn a sample into a purchase. Wearing the sample to a dinner party, I received no less than four compliments. I pulled the trigger the next day. I buy the 1 oz size even though, now on my second bottle, the 1.7 oz for $72 probably makes more financial sense. The greatest under eye concealer on Earth. I love travel versions of shit. I bought some these before my trip to Rio. I don’t generally like wipes but my rational was that this was better than makeup remover in terms of potential spillage. Sure. Another foot mask experiment that I assume I grabbed while waiting in line for another purchase. I later went back and bought it again, so I guess I was satisfied the first time. Not a lot of thoughts on this travel-sized hairspray. Nothing has been better for my face than these magic drops. I mix it in with my liquid foundation and it’s probably 60 percent of the reason why people are always asking me about or commenting on my skin. The secret is out. You are welcome. Mac’s Ruby Woo lipstick quite literally changed my life. Over the past couple years, I haven’t worn red lipstick as", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00686", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00200", "text": "statistics are not readily available, in part because many governments in the developing world are reluctant to document those activities, which are often illegal under domestic laws, which violate international standards, and which may be perceived as a failure of internal public policy. (6) Notwithstanding international and domestic prohibitions, many children in developing countries are forced to work as debt-bonded and slave laborers in hazardous and exploitative industries. According to the United Nations Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery and the International Labor Organization, there are tens of millions of child slaves in the world today. Large numbers of those slaves are involved in agricultural and domestic labor, the sex industry, the carpet and textile industries, and quarrying and brick making. (7) In many countries, children lack either the legal standing or the means to protect themselves from cruelty and exploitation in the workplace. (8) The employment of children often interferes with the opportunities of such children for basic education. Furthermore, where it coexists with high rates of adult unemployment, the use of child labor denies gainful employment to millions of adults. (9) While child labor is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that is tied to issues of poverty, educational opportunity, and culture, its most abusive and hazardous forms are repugnant to basic human rights and must be eliminated. SEC. 3. IDENTIFICATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND INDUSTRIES THAT USE CHILD LABOR IN PRODUCING GOODS. (a) Identification of Countries and Industries.--The Secretary of Labor shall, not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, and not later than the end of each 1-year period thereafter, identify those foreign countries that do not prohibit child labor, or that have laws prohibiting child labor but do not effectively enforce them, and those industries in such countries in which goods are produced or services provided with the use of child labor. The Secretary may revoke the identification of a country or an industry before the end of the 1-year period during which the identification would otherwise be effective, if revocation is warranted by new information or a change in the laws or practices of a country. (b) Sanctions.--The sanctions set forth in section 4 shall apply with respect to those countries and industries identified under subsection (a) for so long as the identification is effective under such subsection. (c) Exemption.--The prohibition under section 4(a)(1)(B) on activities of the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01153", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00201", "text": ") report they see an obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) physician on a regular basis. They are more to see their OB/GYN physician on a regular basis than any other type of provider. Given that women comprise the majority of Medicaid enrollees, it is critical that primary care providers, including OB/GYN physicians, receive sufficient reimbursement to participate in Medicaid. (10) Nurse practitioners and other health professionals deliver many primary care services. Applying Medicare's rates for nurse practitioners and other health professionals encourages greater participation in Medicaid, thereby increasing access to primary care, particularly in underserved areas. (11) The enhanced Medicaid reimbursement rate ensures providers have the financial capability to serve their patients' primary care needs. Furthermore, adding nurse practitioners, physician assistants, certified nurse-midwives, and OB/GYN physicians serving in primary care settings increases access to critical health care services for women and children nationwide. SEC. 3. RENEWAL OF APPLICATION OF MEDICARE PAYMENT RATE FLOOR TO PRIMARY CARE SERVICES FURNISHED UNDER MEDICAID AND INCLUSION OF ADDITIONAL PROVIDERS. (a) Renewal of Payment Floor; Additional Providers.-- (1) In general.--Section 1902(a)(13) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(13)) is amended by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following: ``(C) payment for primary care services (as defined in subsection (jj)) at a rate that is not less than 100 percent of the payment rate that applies to such services and physician under part B of title XVIII (or, if greater, the payment rate that would be applicable under such part if the conversion factor under section 1848(d) for the year involved were the conversion factor under such section for 2009), and that is not less than the rate that would otherwise apply to such services under this title if the rate were determined without regard to this subparagraph, and that are-- ``(i) furnished in 2013 and 2014, by a physician with a primary specialty designation of family medicine, general internal medicine, or pediatric medicine; or ``(ii) furnished in the 2-year period that begins on the first day of the first month that begins after the date of enactment of the Ensuring Access to Primary Care for Women & Children Act-- ``(I) by a physician with a primary specialty designation of family medicine, general internal medicine, or pediatric medicine", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01099", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00202", "text": "Photo: Getty In a candid interview, best supporting actress nominee Octavia Spencer gently corrects the notion that this year’s Oscar nominees are not a direct reaction to last year’s #OscarsSoWhite brouhaha because that’s not how movies work. Advertisement Spencer sat down with Deadline’s Joe Utchi to talk about her role in Hidden Figures with the candor and grace she has become known for. And, much like Moonlight’s Naomie Harris did in New York last week, she quickly shut down the notion that this year’s spate of films featuring people of color is a reaction to last year’s lily-white Oscar nominations. So now you contrast that with the urgent conversation we’re having in the arts today. This year has offered an eclectic mix of movies that some have argued addressed #OscarsSoWhite. that’s what you guys are thinking, but when you know how movies are made, the explosion of films with people of color is not a reaction to #OscarsSoWhite. I know, and I don’t mean to say that. But when I see a movie like Hidden Figures, I hope that it’s a sign that these kinds of stories won’t be ignored anymore. I know that I have projects coming up, and I know that Viola [Davis] and Taraji [P. Henson] have projects coming up. I know Idris Elba is headlining a few things, and I hope Mahershala Ali and André Holland and David Oyelowo have things coming up. And also, you know, I’m taking a more active role in producing, and so is Viola. I can’t see this year being an isolated thing, but then, I thought Hillary was going to be president, so I can’t tell you for sure. Speaking to the power that the public has via their money and what films they choose to support with it, she presented a simple strategy for seeing more of the diversity audiences desire on screen. Advertisement I mean, when I look at the people that are underrepresented in the film industry, I’ve got to tell you, if I look down a list of characters on a film, and it doesn’t have gay, African-American or Latin characters, I’m probably not going to spend my money on the ticket. I’m going to be real honest with you. I see enough of the homogeneity, and I don’t need to support it with my dollar", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00692", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00203", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — Credit card holders will soon pay more. So will people with adjustable-rate mortgages or home equity lines of credit. But most would-be home buyers needn't worry. And auto loan rates won't change much. For savers? Rates should creep up, at least for the highest-yielding CDs and saving accounts, though on average they'll still pay a pittance. The cumulative impact of another Federal Reserve interest rate hike — its fourth in 18 months — will range widely for individuals and businesses with loans or income-producing accounts. And the consequences range beyond U.S. shores. A series of Fed hikes generally means that overseas investors in search of interest income can increase their returns by shifting money into the United States. Higher U.S. rates also tend to cause an outflow of capital from developing countries that can ill-afford it. The most immediate effects, though, are generally on borrowers in the United States. When the Fed lifts the short-term rate it controls by one-quarter of a percentage point, as it did Wednesday, it typically translates into a quarter-point rate increase for credit card debt and home equity lines, as well as for some adjustable mortgages. Fed policymakers have raised their benchmark rate to a range of 1 percent to 1.25 percent and indicated that they foresee one additional hike this year, assuming that the economy remains on solid footing. For someone with a $5,000 credit card balance who makes a minimum payment each month, the Fed's four rate increases since December 2015 equal an additional $700 in payments over the life of the loan, according to Greg McBride, chief financial analyst at Bankrate.com. \"That's where consumers are feeling it and are going to continue to feel it,\" McBride said. But home and auto loan rates are another story: Despite the Fed's moves, they've barely budged since December 2015, when the central bank announced its first increase after seven years of near-zero rates. Here are some questions and answers on what the Fed's moves could mean for consumers, businesses, investors and the economy: ___ Q. Why haven't mortgage rates increased? A. Because fixed-rate mortgage rates don't typically follow the Fed's changes. Sometimes they even move in the opposite direction. So it doesn't necessarily make sense to rush into buying a home or refinancing a mortgage. The hike often won't translate into higher mortgage rates. Fixed long-term mortgages tend to track the rate on the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00700", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00204", "text": "back in Veracruz after briefly fleeing to Mexico City for his safety. \"Things haven't changed — if anything, it's gotten worse,\" he says. \"But this is what I know how to do, and I refuse to leave because of intimidation. it's pride or my ego, but I won't leave.\" The Mexican government recently has beefed up protection measures for journalists, as well as a specialized unit that investigates these types of crimes. But journalists don't just need protection from organized crime. \"[These protections] feel imaginary, because I have filed complaints about threats I have received from government authorities and their cronies,\" says Zavaleta. \"I don't expect them to go anywhere, but I file them anyway so that other journalists can document what has happened to me.\" The systems to protect reporters aren't working in practice, says Carlos Lauria, the Americas director for the Committee to Protect Journalists. \"Unfortunately, these bodies and mechanisms have clearly been insufficient to fight the violence and solve crimes against the press,\" says Lauria. \"Impunity is still pervasive. Even in the cases where progress has been made, masterminds are still free and justice is losing.\" By CPJ's estimate, 87 percent of the murders committed against journalists in Mexico since 1990 either have not been investigated or have no arrests. But the journalists themselves aren't the only victims of press violence, says Lauria: With many reporters too scared to cover news that could anger criminals or corrupt politicians, the public often doesn't get to see the most important stories. In Baja California Sur, it's unclear if reporters will be silenced by Max's death. Cuauhtemoc Morgan says he's talked to some journalists who want to get off the crime beat after the murder. But not everyone will stay quiet. \"My wife [the co-editor of Colectivo Pericu] and I are reflecting on what to do,\" he says. \"But right now, we don't plan to stop reporting on this type of news.\" On Monday, Colectivo Pericu kept publishing, like it was just another day. Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/. ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST: In the last six weeks, four reporters have been murdered in Mexico. The latest victim was Maximino Rodriguez. He was gunned down in his car on Friday afternoon in La Paz, near the southern tip", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00623", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00205", "text": "of chaos, U.S. and South Vietnamese forces rallied to overwhelm the communist attackers, largely through the use of superior firepower. Had the offensive been nipped in the bud everywhere, it have been more clearly recognized as a major military defeat for the communists. But the tenacious Vietnamese guerrillas in Hue held out for about a month, helped by the work of the Perfume River Squad. \"Our duties were to enter the city to get information of movements and important locations of the enemy,\" No said. \"We also mobilized local people to support the revolutionary forces by stocking up food and digging secret trenches and tunnels, getting ready for the fight. When the offensive started, we guided our major forces to various top important locations to fight the U.S Army in Hue city.\" On Wednesday, No joined her comrades in Hue in marking the anniversary of the offensive with speeches and patriotic songs. No suffers from a thyroid condition that doctors attribute to contact with Agent Orange, the herbicide that U.S. warplanes sprayed over large parts of Vietnam to try to deprive the communist forces of jungle cover. The veterans, mostly in their 70s and 80s and some wearing their combat medals, looked happy just to get together, chatting in the hallways before the formalities, laughing as they shared wartime stories and posed for group photos taken with their smartphones. The hall where they were meeting was about a kilometer (half a mile) from Hue's famous Citadel, scene of the fiercest fighting, whose walls are still pockmarked with bullet holes among the moss. Communist military planners of the Tet Offensive had hoped their attacks would incite a popular uprising to upset the balance in what had become a very costly and increasingly conventional war since the escalation of the U.S. military presence in 1965. They also believed that a show of strength would weaken American political will, which they were well aware was wilting under pressure from anti-war sentiment back home. Seeking to maximize psychological impact, they targeted high-profile targets in Saigon, the South Vietnamese capital now called Ho Chi Minh City. They included the Presidential Palace, Tan Son Nhut air base and most dramatically the U.S. Embassy, where sappers penetrated the outer perimeter but were shot down before they could get to the main building. Dawson said the Americans and South Vietnamese knew an attack was coming, but didn't understand the scope of it. \"The Viet Cong, for example, smuggled weapons into Saigon by the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00815", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00206", "text": "We use a multi-dimensional hydrodynamics code to study the gravitational interaction between an embedded planet and a protoplanetary disk with emphasis on the generation of vortensity (potential vorticity) through a Baroclinic Instability and subsequent development of Rossby-Wave-Instability (RWI). It is found that the generation of potential vorticity is very common and effective in non-barotropic disks through the Baroclinic Instability, especially within the coorbital region. Our results also complement previous studies by \\citet{KLL03} that non-axisymmetric RWIs are to develop at local minima of potential vorticity distribution that are generated by the interaction between a planet and a inviscid barotropic disk. This second instability be very common and robust, regardless of the equation of state, initial density distribution, and rotational law of the disk. The development of RWIs results in non-axisymmetric density blobs, which exert stronger torques onto the planet when they travel in the vicinity of the planet. As a result of that, large amplitude oscillations are introduced to the time behavior of the total torque acted on the planet by the disk. In our current simulations, RWIs do not change the overall picture of inward orbital migration but bring in a non-monotonic behavior to the migration speed. As a side effect, RWIs also introduce interesting structures into the disk. These structures may help the formation of Earth-like planets in the Habitable Zone or Hot Earths interior to a close-in giant planet.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00282", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00207", "text": "SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Immigrant children are not entitled to attorneys paid for by the government when facing deportation, a federal appeals court ruled Monday. The judges rejected a claim by the American Civil Liberties Union and immigrant groups that children have a constitutional due process right to a free attorney. A system already exists to give the children a fair hearing, and requiring the government to provide free attorneys would be an expense that would \"strain an already overextended immigration system,\" a three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said. The plaintiffs said many of the thousands of children the government seeks to deport each year appear before judges without a lawyer because they can't afford one or find one to take their cases for free. The result is an unfair process that pits children with no ability to navigate complex legal issues against seasoned government attorneys, the groups say. Ahilan Arulanantham, legal director at the ACLU of Southern California, said the group had not decided its next step. \"The statistical evidence, which the court acknowledged, is that children are many, many times more to win their cases if they have legal representation,\" he said. The 9th Circuit considered a case filed by a 13-year-old boy identified only as \"C.J.\" who fled Honduras with his mother after facing death threats, including a gun to his head, when he refused to join a gang. They arrived in the U.S. in 2014, and the boy was placed in deportation proceedings three months later. An immigration judge told the boy's mother he had a right to an attorney, but she said she did not have money, according to the court ruling. The case went forward without an attorney, and the judge rejected the boy's asylum application. The boy sought a free court-appointed attorney for himself and other immigrant children who face deportation hearings. Ninth Circuit Judge Consuelo Callahan said an effective process was already in place to safeguard the rights of immigrant children. An immigration judge is required to fully and fairly ascertain and assess all the facts in the case, not just act as a neutral arbiter, according to Callahan. An appeals panel can send cases back to immigration judges if they fail to perform that duty. Arulanantham said an immigration judge was not an adequate substitute for a lawyer. In C.J.'s case, the 9th Circuit said the immigration judge made some mistakes, but none that would have changed the outcome.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00738", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00208", "text": "The cycling operation is a special kind of conjugation that can be applied to elements in Artin's braid groups, in order to reduce their length. It is a key ingredient of the usual solutions to the conjugacy problem in braid groups. In their seminal paper on braid-cryptography, Ko, Lee et al. proposed the {\\it cycling problem} as a hard problem in braid groups that interesting for cryptography. In this paper we give a polynomial solution to that problem, mainly by showing that cycling is surjective, and using a result by Maffre which shows that pre-images under cycling can be computed fast. This result also holds in every Artin-Tits group of spherical type. On the other hand, the conjugacy search problem in braid groups is usually solved by computing some finite sets called (left) ultra summit sets (left-USS), using left normal forms of braids. But one can equally use right normal forms and compute right-USS's. Hard instances of the conjugacy search problem correspond to elements having big (left and right) USS's. One may think that even if some element has a big left-USS, it could have a small right-USS. We show that this is not the case in the important particular case of rigid braids. More precisely, we show that the left-USS and the right-USS of a given rigid braid determine isomorphic graphs, with the arrows reversed, the isomorphism being defined using iterated cycling. We conjecture that the same is true for every element, not necessarily rigid, in braid groups and Artin-Tits groups of spherical type.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 334, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00068", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00209", "text": ", the prospects for salmon recovery and hydropower management are inextricably linked. (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are-- (1) to ensure the protection and recovery of Columbia and Snake River salmon and steelhead to self-sustaining, harvestable levels, while providing for reliable, reasonably priced energy in the Northwest and an economically sustainable salmon recovery program, and to maximize the potential economic benefits from potential dam removal while mitigating for its impacts; and (2) to ensure that the Northwest and the Nation have completed the necessary planning and evaluation to efficiently manage salmon recovery, implement biologically effective measures, and respond rapidly if major new actions are necessary to protect and recover salmon and steelhead in the Columbia and Snake River Basin. SEC. 3. SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL SALMON RECOVERY EFFORTS. (a) In General.--Not later than 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences providing for scientific analysis of Federal salmon protection, restoration, and recovery actions (hereinafter ``recovery actions'') and submission of a report on the results of the analysis in accordance with subsection (c). (b) Subjects of Analysis.-- (1) In general.--For purposes of this section, scientific analysis shall include, at a minimum, review of-- (A) the biological effectiveness of-- (i) current Federal recovery actions for Columbia and Snake River Basin salmon and steelhead populations; and (ii) anticipated Federal recovery actions for such populations, including those actions currently in the planning stage or proposed in the most current Federal Columbia River Power System biological opinion; and (B) the timelines for, and feasibility of, implementing those recovery actions. (2) Comparison of effectiveness.--In such review, the effectiveness of those actions-- (A) shall be compared to the effectiveness of a Federal salmon recovery strategy that includes, but is not limited to, partial dam removal; and (B) shall be evaluated and compared with respect to whether they are to achieve recovery to self- sustaining, harvestable population levels of naturally spawning, wild salmon and steelhead populations listed under section 4(c) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533). (3) Identification of limiting factors.--The analysis shall also identify limiting factors to salmon and steelhead recovery including the impacts of tributary habitat", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00879", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00210", "text": "2000. His official title is vice chairman of the ruling Workers' Party. He previously headed North Korea's military intelligence agency and was believed to be behind two attacks in 2010 that killed 50 South Koreans and a 2014 cyberattack on Sony Pictures. ___ DMZ TALKS U.S. and North Korean officials started talks on the North's side of a Korean border village on Sunday to set the agenda for the summit. The village is inside the mine-strewn 4-kilometer (2.5-mile) -wide Demilitarized Zone, a buffer created at the end of the 1950-53 Korean War. The U.S. delegation is headed by Sung Kim, the U.S. ambassador to the Philippines who served as America's top negotiator to now-stalled six-nation talks on North Korean nuclear disarmament, and as its ambassador to Seoul. In 2008, he witnessed North Korea's destruction of the cooling tower at its main nuclear complex in a show of good faith with the United States. In recent years, however, satellite photos have indicated that North Korea has restarted its plutonium reactor at the complex. His North Korean counterpart is Vice Foreign Minister Choe Son Hui, the North's highest-ranking female diplomat. A recent statement by Choe threatening to scuttle the summit and warning Washington of a nuclear showdown led Trump to temporarily cancel the summit, citing \"open hostility\" from the North. The two sides are believed to have exchanged their countries' views on North Korea's denuclearization, America's security assurances and other issues. South Korean media said they wrapped up their talks on Wednesday after Kim Yong Chol's departure for New York. Choe served as an English-language interpreter during the six-party talks, while Sung Kim, a Korean American, is fluent in Korean. Analysts say that is to have smoothed their talks because they could understand each other even when they were speaking their own languages at the negotiating table. ___ SINGAPORE TALKS This meeting is to plan protocol, security and other logistical issues and also include determining when and where in Singapore the summit would be held. The two countries originally planned to hold the summit in Singapore on June 12. After putting the summit back on track, Trump tweeted Friday that it \"will remain in Singapore on the same date, June 12th, and, if necessary, will be extended beyond that date.\" A delegation led by", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00737", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00211", "text": "Long Gamma Ray Bursts hold the promise of probing star-formation and metal enrichment up to very high redshifts. The present GRB samples with redshift determination are largely incomplete and therefore a careful analysis of selection effects is mandatory before any conclusion can be drawn from the observed GRB redshift distribution. We study and compare three well defined samples of long GRBs detected by Swift, HETE2 and BeppoSAX. We find that Swift GRBs are slighly fainter and harder than BeppoSAX and HETE2 GRBs, as expected due to the higher energy range in which Swift GRBs are detected and localized, compared to BeppoSAX and HETE2. Gas and dust obscuration plays a role in shaping the GRB samples and the present samples of GRBs with redshift. We argue that the majority of the bright Swift GRBs without redshift actually be z<~2 events therefore the present Swift GRB sample with redshift is biased against low-z GRBs. On the other hand, the detection of bright UV rest-frame afterglows from high-z GRBs, and even from those with large X-ray obscuration, implies a dust amount lower than in nearby GRBs,and/or a different dust composition. If this is the case, the Swift sample of GRBs with redshifts is probably a fair sample of the real high-z GRB population. The absence of high-z GRBs in the BeppoSAX and HETE2 samples of GRBs with redshifts is probably due to the fact at the time of BeppoSAX and HETE2 follow-up faint afterglows of high redshift GRBs will have weaken below the spectroscopic capabilities of even 10m class telescopes. The redshift distribution of a subsample of Swift GRBs with distributions of peak-fluxes, X-ray obscuration and optical magnitude at a fixed observing time similar to those of the BeppoSAX and HETE2 samples, is roughly consistent with BeppoSAX+HETE2 redshift distribution.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 426, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00057", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00212", "text": "Aims: I have analyzed a sample of seven nearby edge-on galaxies observed in the V and K'-band, in order to infer the properties of the dust distribution. Methods: A radiative transfer model, including scattering, have been used to decompose each image into a stellar disk, a bulge, and a dust disk. The parameters describing the distributions have been obtained through standard X^2 minimization techniques. Results: The dust disks fitted to the V-band images are consistent with previous work in literature: the radial scalelength of dust is larger than that for stars (h_d/h_s ~ 1.5); the dust disk has a smaller vertical scalelength than the stellar (z_d/z_s ~ 1/3); the dust disk is almost transparent when seen face-on (central, face-on, optical depth tau_0 =0.5-1.5). Faster radiative transfer models which neglect scattering can produce equivalent fits, with changes in the derived parameters within the accuracy of full fits including scattering. In the K'-band, no trace is found of a second, massive, dust disk which has been invoked to explain observations of dust emission in the submillimeter. I discuss the model degeneracies and the effect of complex structures on the fitted distributions. In particular, most bulges in the sample show a box/peanuts morphology with large residuals; two lower-inclination galaxies show a dust ring distribution, which the cause for the large fitted dust scalelengths.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 303, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00139", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00213", "text": "President Trump on Monday authorized his top trade official to look into whether China is guilty of intellectual property theft, a move that could eventually lead to trade sanctions. Trump called his action \"a very big move\" against practices that cost our nation \"millions of jobs and billions and billions of dollars each and every year.\" He cited not just the theft of intellectual property such as computer software, but also Beijing's requirement that U.S. companies turn over proprietary technology as a condition of entering China's markets. \"We will safeguard the copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property that is so vital to our security and to our prosperity,\" Trump said at the White House. He was flanked by U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and members of his economic team. Monday's steps were very preliminary, and analysts say that it a long time, if ever, before significant trade sanctions are imposed on China. Eventually, it could lead the administration to initiate what's called a Section 301 investigation, a sanctions mechanism that's part of the Trade Act of 1974. Section 301 was widely used in the 1980s under the Reagan administration, but subsequent presidents have chosen to hear trade disputes at the World Trade Organization. Matt Gold, a former deputy assistant U.S. trade representative, told NPR that Section 301 can be imposed unilaterally and is generally seen as quicker than the alternatives, such as the WTO. \"It saves time,\" he said. A WTO case \"would take a few years for us to bring it to a WTO panel, get a decision, then it will get appealed to the WTO appellate body. Then we get another decision. Then we have to go through another WTO process to get authorization for specific types of trade barriers.... So it can take a few years to get the WTO authorization.\" The White House move was applauded by technology groups, which have long complained about intellectual property theft. The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation issued a statement saying \"for too long China has flouted the spirit, if not always the letter of its commitments under the WTO and other agreements.\" Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, said launching the investigation sends a strong signal to China that it will be held accountable if it doesn't work with the United States to level the playing field. But he said the Trump administration needs to go further to address dumping of products such as steel. \"We need to follow", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00645", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00214", "text": "We present results from Chandra and XMM-Newton spectroscopic observations of the nuclei of z<0.5 radio galaxies and quasars from the 3CRR catalog, and examine in detail the dichotomy in the properties of low- and high-excitation radio galaxies. The X-ray spectra of low-excitation sources (those with weak or absent optical emission lines) are dominated by unabsorbed emission from a parsec-scale jet, with no contribution from accretion-related emission. These sources show no evidence for an obscuring torus, and are to accrete in a radiatively inefficient manner. High-excitation sources (those with prominent optical emission lines), on the other hand, show a significant contribution from a radiatively efficient accretion disk, which is heavily absorbed in the X-ray when they are oriented close to edge-on with respect to the observer. However, the low-excitation/high-excitation division does not correspond to the FRI/FRII division: thus the Fanaroff-Riley dichotomy remains a consequence of the interaction between the jet and the hot-gas environment through which it propagates. Finally, we suggest that accretion of the hot phase of the IGM is sufficient to power all low-excitation radio sources, while high-excitation sources require an additional contribution from cold gas that in turn forms the cold disk and torus. This model explains a number of properties of the radio-loud active galaxy population, and has important implications for AGN feedback mechanisms.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 306, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00361", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00215", "text": ", more than enough to overflow the DMA buffer. Once overflowed, an attacker can copy data into the protected application stack and execute any code they desire. The most obvious solution to Fusée Gelée would be to issue a software patch to fix the bootROM, but here's where a problem arises: bootROM patches on Tegra X1 chips are impossible once a chip leaves the factory. Ipatches, which are patches released at the factory during chip production, would be able to fix the flaw on X1 devices that haven't left the assembly line yet, but anyone who has a current Tegra X1 device is vulnerable to a Fusée Gelée exploit. An important warning about hardware and firmware security There are several lessons to be taken away from the Fusée Gelée exploit, and they apply to OEMs as well IT professionals. First off, manufacturers need to be sure that their hardware has been properly tested against all possible attacks. Fusée Gelée allows a device owner to hack their own hardware, which isn't a risk itself, but it could also allow an attacker to write code to remotely execute a similar attack. Firmware security is a critical part of device design that can easily be exploited—just look at Spectre and Meltdown. Had Intel been diligent in seeking out vulnerabilities, it not be facing a vulnerability in nearly every single processor it ever created. SEE: IT leader's guide to reducing insider security threats (Tech Pro Research) For IT support staff and security professionals, Fusée Gelée paints a whole other set of complications: hardware security. In the case of the Nintendo Switch, hardware modification was necessary to force the device to boot into recovery mode. Doing so isn't complicated though: It just requires the bending of an exposed pin. It's not known what kind of hardware exploits may be necessary to force other Tegra X1 devices into recovery mode, but it's best not to find out and to implement good hardware security policies instead. Publicly accessible devices should be protected from tampering by putting them in locked cases or in secure mounts. From a security perspective, Tegra X1 devices should be closely monitored to make sure they aren't on a business network while in a modified state. While the risk of problems from a rooted device is minimal, they still open up possible attack avenues that may not be expected. Get the latest security news by subscribing to our Cybersecurity Insider newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 487, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00580", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00216", "text": "The accuracy requirements on station-keeping for constellations of free-flying collectors coupled as (future) imaging arrays in space for astrophysics applications are examined. The basic imaging element of these arrays is the two-element interferometer. Accurate knowledge of two quantities is required: the \\textit{projected baseline length}, which is the distance between the two interferometer elements projected on the plane tranverse to the line of sight to the target; and the \\textit{optical path difference}, which is the difference in the distances from that transverse plane to the beam combiner. ``Rules-of-thumb'' are determined for the typical accuracy required on these parameters. The requirement on the projected baseline length is a \\textit{knowledge} requirement and depends on the angular size of the targets of interest; it is generally at a level of half a meter for typical stellar targets, decreasing to a few centimeters only for the widest attainable fields of view. The requirement on the optical path difference is a \\textit{control} requirement and is much tighter, depending on the bandwidth of the signal; it is at a level of half a wavelength for narrow (few %) signal bands, decreasing to $\\approx 0.2 \\lambda$ for the broadest bandwidths expected to be useful. Translation of these requirements into engineering requirements on station-keeping accuracy depends on the specific details of the collector constellation geometry. Several examples are provided to guide future application of the criteria presented here. Some implications for the design of such collector constellations and for the methods used to transform the information acquired into images are discussed.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 327, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00314", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00217", "text": "the following: ``(6) The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, shall submit to Congress an annual report on the activities carried out under this section.''; (2) in subsection (d)-- (A) in paragraph (2)-- (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``With respect to cord blood, the Program shall--'' and inserting the following: ``(A) In general.--With respect to cord blood, the Program shall--''; (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (H) as clauses (i) through (viii) respectively (with appropriate indentation); (iii) by striking clause (iv), as so redesignated, and inserting the following: ``(iv) support and expand new and existing studies and demonstration and outreach projects for the purpose of increasing cord blood unit donation and collection from a genetically diverse population and expanding the number of cord blood unit collection sites partnering with cord blood banks receiving a contract under the National Cord Blood Inventory program under section 2 of the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005, including such studies and projects that focus on-- ``(I) remote collection of cord blood units, consistent with the requirements under the Program and the National Cord Blood Inventory program goal described in section 2(a) of the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005; and ``(II) exploring novel approaches or incentives to encourage innovative technological advances that used to collect cord blood units, consistent with the requirements under the Program and such National Cord Blood Inventory program goal;''; and (iv) by adding at the end the following: ``(B) Efforts to increase collection of high quality cord blood units.--In carrying out subparagraph (A)(iv), not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Reauthorization Act of 2010 and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall set an annual goal of increasing collections of high quality cord blood units, consistent with the inventory goal described in section 2(a) of the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005 (referred to in this subparagraph as the `inventory goal'), and shall identify at least one project under subparagraph (A)(iv) to replicate and expand nationwide, as appropriate. If the Secretary cannot identify a project as described in the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall submit a plan, not later than 180 days after the date on which the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00950", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00219", "text": "We have studied the submillimetre (submm) properties of the following classes of near-infrared (NIR)-selected massive galaxies at high redshifts: BzK-selected star-forming galaxies (BzKs); distant red galaxies (DRGs); and extremely red objects (EROs). We used the SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES), the largest uniform submm survey to date. Partial overlap of SIRIUS/NIR images and SHADES in SXDF has allowed us to identify 4 submm-bright NIR-selected galaxies, which are detected in the mid-infrared, 24 micron, and the radio, 1.4 GHz. We find that all of our submm-bright NIR-selected galaxies satisfy the BzK selection criteria, except for one galaxy whose B-z and z-K colours are however close to the BzK colour boundary. Two of the submm-bright NIR-selected galaxies satisfy all of the selection criteria we considered, i.e. they belong to the BzK-DRG-ERO overlapping population, or `extremely red' BzKs. Although these extremely red BzKs are rare (0.25 arcmin^{-2}), up to 20 % of this population submm galaxies. This fraction is significantly higher than that found for other galaxy populations studied here. Via a stacking analysis, we have detected the 850 micron flux of submm-faint BzKs and EROs in our SCUBA maps. While the contribution of z~2 BzKs to the submm background is about 10--15 % and similar to that from EROs typically at z~1, BzKs have a higher fraction (~30 %) of submm flux in resolved sources compared with EROs and submm sources as a whole. From the SED fitting analysis for both submm-bright and submm-faint BzKs, we found no clear signature that submm-bright BzKs are experiencing a specifically luminous evolutionary phase, compared with submm-faint BzKs. An alternative explanation be that submm-bright BzKs are more massive than submm-faint ones.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 464, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00438", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00220", "text": "Mkr 841 is a bright Seyfert 1 galaxy known to harbor a strong soft excess and a variable K$\\alpha$ iron line. It has been observed during 3 different periods by XMM for a total cumulated exposure time of $\\sim$108 ks. We present in this paper a broad band spectral analysis of the complete EPIC-pn data sets. We were able to test two different models for the soft excess, a relativistically blurred photoionized reflection (\\r model) and a relativistically smeared ionized absorption (\\a model). The continuum is modeled by a simple cut-off power law and we also add a neutral reflection. These observations reveal the extreme and puzzling spectral and temporal behaviors of the soft excess and iron line. The 0.5-3 keV soft X-ray flux decreases by a factor 3 between 2001 and 2005 and the line shape be a mixture of broad and narrow components. We succeed in describing this complex broad-band 0.5-10 keV spectral variability using either \\r or \\a to fit the soft excess. Both models give statistically equivalent results even including simultaneous BeppoSAX data up to 200 keV. Both models are consistent with the presence of remote reflection characterized by a constant narrow component in the data. However they differ in the presence of a broad line component present in \\r but not needed in \\a. This study also reveals the sporadic presence of relativistically redshifted narrow iron lines.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 305, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00202", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00221", "text": "terrorism. After the al-Qaida attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, terrorism was associated primarily with radical Islamist groups based abroad. The State Department has a list of nearly 60 groups, all foreign, that are identified as terrorist organizations. The vast majority are radical Islamists. And the government can charge a person — American or foreign — with terrorism on behalf of these international groups. Consider this hypothetical: If the Charlottesville attacker emerged from the car and said he was acting on behalf of the Islamic State, he charged with international terrorism, according to Katyal. Inside the U.S., the political debate be shifting, with growing numbers calling for far-right extremism to be identified as terrorism. But that's almost entirely a political discussion, not a legal one. On the legal front, there's still a good deal of resistance to creating a criminal charge of domestic terrorism. \"It's an incredibly broad label,\" said Hina Shamsi, director of the national security project at the American Civil Liberties Union. \"There's a real danger of the government criminalizing ideology, theology and beliefs rather than focusing on specific criminal acts.\" She said creating a domestic terrorism charge could quickly raise all sorts of political questions about free speech and religion. The ACLU opposes any such law, believing it politicized and used, for example, against anti-war groups or environmental activists. Back in 1995, when Timothy McVeigh killed 168 people with a truck bomb at a federal building in Oklahoma City, it was widely described as the worst act of domestic terrorism to that point. Yet he was charged with, convicted of and executed for killing federal agents and other crimes — but not terrorism. The government has historically used the term \"terrorism\" as a general description for a range of violent acts, including those by right-wing extremists, as well as environmental, anti-abortion and far-left groups. But the specific criminal charge is never domestic terrorism. Another case came to light Monday, when the Justice Department announced it had arrested a man for allegedly attempting to set off a truck bomb in front of a bank in Oklahoma City on Saturday. The bomb didn't detonate, the department said. But its description of the case is similar to McVeigh's attack, claiming the suspect, Jerry Varnell, 23, was angry with the government. The FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force is leading what's being described as a \"domestic terrorism investigation.\" Yet the formal charge", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00654", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00222", "text": "1 or more public schools or local educational agencies, or both, consistent with section 4404(b). ``(b) Duration of Grants.--The Secretary shall award grants under this part for a period of not more than 3 years, and may extend such grants for an additional 2-year period if the grantee demonstrates to the Secretary that it is making significant progress on the program performance measures identified in section 4406. ``(c) Priorities.--In awarding grants under this part, the Secretary may give priority to an eligible entity that includes, in its application under section 4404, a plan to-- ``(1) improve early learning outcomes; ``(2) support college access and success; ``(3) support family and community engagement; ``(4) address the unique learning needs of students with disabilities or English language learners; ``(5) serve schools in rural local educational agencies; ``(6) support the effective use of education technology to improve teaching and learning; or ``(7) improve the teaching and learning of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. ``(d) Standards of Evidence.--The Secretary shall set standards for the quality of evidence that an applicant shall provide in order to demonstrate that the activities the applicant proposes to carry out with funds under this part are to succeed in improving student outcomes or outcomes on other performance measures. These standards may include any of the following: ``(1) Strong evidence that the activities proposed by the applicant will have a statistically significant effect on student academic achievement, student growth, or outcomes on other performance measures. ``(2) Moderate evidence that the activities proposed by the applicant will improve student academic achievement, student growth, or outcomes on other performance measures. ``(3) A rationale based on research findings or a reasonable hypothesis that the activities proposed by the applicant will improve student academic achievement, student growth, or outcomes on other performance measures. ``SEC. 4404. APPLICATIONS. ``(a) Applications.--Each local educational agency or nonprofit organization that desires to receive a grant under this part shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may reasonably require. At a minimum, each application shall-- ``(1) describe the project for which the applicant is seeking a grant and how the evidence supporting that project meets the standards of evidence established by the Secretary under section 4403(d); ``(2) describe how the applicant will address at least 1 of the areas described in section 4405(a)(", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01150", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00223", "text": "HUE, Vietnam (AP) — As a 19-year-old scout and spy for the communist forces in South Vietnam, Hoang Thi No remembers the determination and spirit of her 11-member team of young women who took part in the audacious Tet Offensive that turned the tide of the Vietnam War 50 years ago. \"If we didn't fight the enemy, they would destroy us all,\" she said. \"We were young and weren't afraid.... Once we had a strong ideology, we could do anything.\" Her unit was known as the Perfume River Squad for the river that runs through Hue, Vietnam's cultural capital and third biggest city. Four of them died in the fighting that raged through the city for most of that February; two died later in the war. They were part of a mobilization of as many as 80,000 fighters — regular soldiers from Communist North Vietnam, guerrillas of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, known as Viet Cong, and village militia — who launched virtually simultaneous surprise attacks on more than 100 cities, towns and U.S. military bases in South Vietnam the early morning hours of Jan. 31, 1968. Official U.S. statistics for a month of fighting put the death toll at more than 58,000 enemy combatants, 3,995 American soldiers and 4,954 allied South Vietnamese troops plus 14,300 civilians. \"Psychologically, the war turned against the Americans at that point,\" said Alan Dawson, at the time a 26-year-old U.S. Army journalist in South Vietnam. \"That attack in the Tet Offensive was really the moment that the final outcome of the war was decided to the communist advantage.\" After an initial period of chaos, U.S. and South Vietnamese forces rallied to overwhelm the communist attackers, largely through the use of superior firepower. Had the offensive been nipped in the bud everywhere, it have been more clearly recognized as a major military defeat for the communists. But the tenacious Vietnamese guerrillas in Hue held out for about a month, helped by the work of the Perfume River Squad. \"Our duties were to enter the city to get information of movements and important locations of the enemy,\" No said. \"We also mobilized local people to support the revolutionary forces by stocking up food and digging secret trenches and tunnels, getting ready for the fight. When the offensive started, we guided our major forces to various top important locations to fight the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00814", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00224", "text": "of new drugs, vaccines, and other therapies. Equipment on the International Space Station will monitor stratospheric gases, and investigate ozone chemistry. (4) The united states must have assured access to space.-- (A) To ensure that the United States realizes the dividends from the considerable investment we have made in the International Space Station, we need to ensure continued access to space for our astronauts. However, NASA's plan for transport of crew to and from the International Space Station fails to provide necessary redundancies to provide assured access to space. (B) NASA anticipates that the Russian Soyuz spacecraft will be the only vehicle for astronaut crew rotation to the International Space Station after 2010. From 2011 until the planned operation of Orion in 2015, NASA has no other option for transporting American astronauts to space other than on Russian vehicles. (C) NASA has conceded that without the Space Shuttle, it will be unable to transport the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) to the International Space Station. Scientists involved in the development of the AMS acknowledge that it will enhance scientific discoveries. While the AMS has cost over $1,500,000,000 to develop and build, NASA has stated that the remaining Space Shuttle manifest does not allow for transport of the AMS and that it will not be an option to retrofit another launch vehicle in order to fly it into space. Only by extending Space Shuttle operations beyond 2010 will NASA be able to transport the AMS to the International Space Station. As long as the AMS meets all required standards to verify its validity and justify its transport on the Space Shuttle, NASA should fulfill its obligation to the Department of Energy and our international partners. (D) In addition, the Japanese Centrifuge Accommodation Module, which can only fly to the International Space Station on the Space Shuttle, will also be unable to reach the Space Station absent extending Space Shuttle operations. (5) A better approach.--(A) Due to NASA's lack of a backup plan for reliance on the Russians for transport of American astronauts to space, the United States needs a better approach. The best approach is the Space Shuttle, a proven, domestic source of space transport for assured access to space, including the International Space Station, for crew and cargo transport. (B) With 2 Shuttle missions per year during the human spaceflight program flight gap between Shuttle and Orion, currently scheduled from 2010 through 2015, we can replace our need to rely on the Russians for", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01024", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00225", "text": "S255N is a luminous far-infrared source that contains many indications of active star formation but lacks a prominent near-infrared stellar cluster. We present mid-infrared through radio observations aimed at exploring the evolutionary state of this region. Our observations include 1.3mm continuum and spectral line data from the Submillimeter Array, VLA 3.6cm continuum and 1.3cm water maser data, and multicolor IRAC images from the Spitzer Space Telescope. The cometary morphology of the previously-known UCHII region G192.584-0.041 is clearly revealed in our sensitive, multi-configuration 3.6cm images. The 1.3mm continuum emission has been resolved into three compact cores, all of which are dominated by dust emission and have radii < 7000AU. The mass estimates for these cores range from 6 to 35 Msun. The centroid of the brightest dust core (SMA1) is offset by 1.1'' (2800 AU) from the peak of the cometary UCHII region and exhibits the strongest HC3N, CN, and DCN line emission in the region. SMA1 also exhibits compact CH3OH, SiO, and H2CO emission and contains a young hot core. We find spatial and kinematic evidence that SMA1 may contain further multiplicity, with one of the components coincident with a newly-detected H2O maser. There are no mid-infrared point source counterparts to any of the dust cores, further suggesting an early evolutionary phase for these objects. The dominant mid-infrared emission is a diffuse, broadband component that traces the surface of the cometary UCHII region but is obscured by foreground material on its southern edge. An additional 4.5 micron linear feature emanating to the northeast of SMA1 is aligned with a cluster of methanol masers and traces a outflow from a protostar within SMA1. Our observations provide direct evidence that S255N is forming a cluster of intermediate to high-mass stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 422, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00018", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00226", "text": "way in which Pakistan was created and the very purpose which it was supposed to serve of being a Muslim state,\" he says. \"By its very definition, it has already singled out a community in opposition to another one,\" he says, referring to Muslims and Hindus. \"And it's very easy for that community to be to be narrowed further.\" Over the decades, he argues, the narrowing has been exacerbated by the military, Pakistan's most powerful institution, which cultivated hard-line Islamists to wage a jihad in the disputed region of Kashmir, among other things. This has given right-wing religious groups outsize influence. \"Despite never having won an election,\" Rehman says, \"they are nonetheless able to dictate the narrative in the country because of the support that they have from the military establishment.\" none have suffered more than members of a small Muslim sect, known as Ahmadis, whose beliefs clash with the dominant Sunni version of Islam. They played a key role in founding Pakistan. They are a community of over-achievers: An Ahmadi physicist, Abdus Salam, received one of only two Nobel prizes awarded to Pakistanis. But the state declared Ahmadis as heretics via a constitutional amendment in the 1970s and restricted their rights further in the 1980s. They're not allowed to call themselves Muslims, and can't refer to their houses of worship as mosques. Over the years, militants have attacked their mosques and targeted them in killings. In a leafy suburb near Lahore, the Khans live in a two-story home behind a high gate that's firmly bolted. Mrs. Khan stands on the balcony every morning, waiting for her husband to return from prayers at their local mosque. She's terrified that somebody will kill him. \"We are frightened,\" she says. \"For the life.\" (Her first name isn't being published out of concern for the family's safety.) Most of her family already fled overseas. So far, Mrs. Khan insists on staying. She runs a clinic that dispenses free medicine to her poorer neighbors. \"If I go, the people will suffer,\" she says. She doesn't want to \"just sit and eat\" in exile. \"This is not the meaning of life.\" She's also worried about her nephew. Twice, somebody threw a note into his house warning him to convert to Sunni Islam — or die. He hides out here when he's afraid. He repeatedly tried to flee Pakistan – but", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00631", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00227", "text": "Dim radio-quiet neutron star (DRQNS) 1E 1207.4-5209 is one of the most heavily examined isolated neutron stars. Wide absorption lines were observed in its spectrum obtained by both XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray satellites. These absorption lines can be interpreted as a principal frequency centered at 0.7 keV and its harmonics at 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 keV. The principal line can be formed by resonant proton cyclotron scattering leading to a magnetic field which is two orders of magnitude larger than the perpendicular component of the surface dipole magnetic field (B) found from the rotation period (P) and the time rate of change in the rotation period (\\.{P}) of 1E 1207.4-5209. Besides, age of the supernova remnant (SNR) G296.5+10.0 which is physically connected to 1E 1207.4-5209 is two orders of magnitude smaller than the characteristic age ($\\tau$=P/2\\.{P}) of the neutron star. These huge differences between the magnetic field values and the ages can be explained based on a B-decay model. If the decay is assumed to be exponential, the characteristic decay time turns out to be several thousand years which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the characteristic decay time of radio pulsars represented in an earlier work. The lack of detection of radio emission from DRQNSs and the lack of point sources and pulsar wind nebulae in most of the observed SNRs can also be partly explained by such a very rapid exponential decay. The large difference between the characteristic decay times of DRQNSs and radio pulsars must be related to the differences in the magnetic fields, equation of states and masses of these isolated neutron stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 382, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00220", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00228", "text": "It's easy enough for people who live in cities to hail a ride, either from a taxi or a service like Uber or Lyft. There's plenty of demand, and plenty of drivers. A startup is trying to bring a similar service to rural America, but it has required some creative thinking. The town of Van Wert sits on the western edge of Ohio. It's a stretch of flat farm country punctuated with grain silos and a stone castle that's listed as the nation's first county public library. It doesn't seem like the first place a ride-hailing service would come. But Erica Petrie says that's a mistake. Petrie is the mobility manager of the seven-county Area Agency on Aging. Her job is to find transportation options in Van Wert, which has no buses, one cab and a lot of needs. \"The quick turnaround needs: 'Can someone help me get to the doctor?' We see short-term needs: 'Normally I'm able to drive, but my car's in the shop,' \" she says. So Petrie helped recruit Liberty Mobility Now to Van Wert. The startup began in Nebraska about two years ago and has expanded to Texas and Ohio. It's also on its way to Colorado. Founder Valerie Lefler grew up on a dairy farm and worked on rural transportation issues at the University of Nebraska. She created Liberty as a business, but she talks about it as a mission — one requiring drivers to do more than leave customers at the door. \"We really look for folks who are altruistic, that would want to do this anyway because that's what they would do for their best friend or their own mother,\" Lefler says. One of those people is Shelia Mendoza, whose mission in life, she says, is to be a grandma. Mendoza has worked for a dry cleaner and at a Wal-Mart. She's sold insurance, made RV cabinets and briefly ran Shelia's Cornucopia Cove. And when Liberty came to Van Wert two months ago, she was one of about a dozen drivers recruited and trained. The grandmother of 17 and self-described talker was a natural. That's because while part of Liberty's model is built on an app designed to work in rural geographies, much more of it is built on relationships. For example, Mendoza developed a relationship with her first customer who'd lost his license but found a job: the midnight shift at a meat processing plant. A county agency", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00666", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00229", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Holocaust Victims Redress Act''. TITLE I--HEIRLESS ASSETS SEC. 101. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. (a) Findings.--The Congress finds as follows: (1) Among the $198,000,000 in German assets located in the United States and seized by the United States Government in World War II were believed to be bank accounts, trusts, securities, or other assets belonging to Jewish victims of the Holocaust. (2) Among an estimated $1,200,000,000 in assets of Swiss nationals and institutions which were frozen by the United States Government during World War II (including over $400,000,000 in bank deposits) were assets whose beneficial owners were believed to include victims of the Holocaust. (3) In the aftermath of the war, the Congress recognized that some of the victims of the Holocaust whose assets were among those seized or frozen during the war not have any legal heirs, and legislation was enacted to authorize the transfer of up to $3,000,000 of such assets to organizations dedicated to providing relief and rehabilitation for survivors of the Holocaust. (4) Although the Congress and the Administration authorized the transfer of such amount to the relief organizations referred to in paragraph (3), the enormous administrative difficulties and cost involved in proving legal ownership of such assets, directly or beneficially, by victims of the Holocaust, and proving the existence or absence of heirs of such victims, led the Congress in 1962 to agree to a lump-sum settlement and to provide $500,000 for the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization of New York, such sum amounting to \\1/ 6\\th the authorized maximum level of ``heirless'' assets to be transferred. (5) In June of 1997, a current representative of the Secretary of State, in testimony before the Congress, urged the reconsideration of the limited $500,000 settlement. (6) While a precisely accurate accounting of ``heirless'' assets may be impossible, good conscience warrants the recognition that the victims of the Holocaust have a compelling moral claim to the unrestituted portion of assets referred to in paragraph (3). (7) Furthermore, leadership by the United States in meeting obligations to Holocaust victims would strengthen-- (A) the efforts of the United States to press for the speedy distribution of the remaining nearly 6 metric tons of gold still held by the Tripart", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00964", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00230", "text": "WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) — Tour captain Sam Warburton has been picked on the bench in a surprising selection by the British and Irish Lions for their match against the New Zealand Maori at Rotorua on Saturday. Coach Warren Gatland had indicated he would unveil a test-strength starting lineup to face the Maori, a week out from the series-opening test against New Zealand. But if the team Gatland announced on Thursday is his test lineup, it contains some surprises. Warburton has been struggling with an ankle injury on tour and played 68 minutes, scoring a try in the Lions' 23-22 loss to the Dunedin-based Highlanders on Tuesday. He still short of match fitness and Sean O'Brien has been selected ahead of Warburton on the openside flank. Ireland's Peter O'Mahony will captain the team from the blindside flank; the fourth captain the Lions will have used in five matches on tour after Warburton, Alun Wyn Jones and Ken Owens. \"Peter is a proven captain with Munster who never takes a backward step and we believe that those leadership qualities will serve us well on Saturday against a quality and determined Maori All Blacks team,\" Gatland said. The Lions also sprung a surprise at flyhalf, naming Jonathan Sexton to combine with Ireland scrumhalf Conor Murray and leaving England No. 10 Owen Farrell on the bench. The backline otherwise looks a preview of the Lions' test lineup with Leigh Halfpenny at fullback, Anthony Watson and George North on the wings and Jonathan Davies and New Zealand-born England center Ben Te'o in midfield. In the forwards, hooker Jamie George will pack between props Tadhg Furlong and Mako Vunipola while George Kruis and Maro Itoje combine in the second row. Wales' No. 8 Taulupe Faletau joins a strong backrow with O'Mahony and O'Brien. Gatland has changed the entire starting 15 that lined up against the Highlanders, continuing the policy of sweeping rotation that he has used throughout the tour. \"We were obviously disappointed with the loss against the Highlanders and realize that we need to improve in several areas including our discipline,\" Gatland said. \"But we feel that overall we are building well towards the test matches. \"Every game is a big challenge which is what we wanted and this is an experienced Lions team with eight of the starting", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00792", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00231", "text": "We obtained H-band polarimetric data of IRAS 19312+1950 using the near-infrared camera (CIAO) on the 8 m Subaru telescope. In order to investigate the physical properties of the central star and the nebula, we performed dust radiative transfer modeling and compared the model results with the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs), the radial profiles of the total intensity image, and the fraction of linear polarization map. The total intensity image shows a nearly spherical core with ~3\" radius, an S-shaped arm extending ~10\" in the northwest to southeast direction, and an extended lobe towards the southwest. The polarization map shows a centro-symmetric vector alignment in almost the entire nebula and low polarizations along the S-shaped arm. These results suggest that the nebula is accompanied by a central star, and the S-shaped arm has a physically ring-like structure. From our radiative transfer modeling, we estimated the stellar temperature, the bolometric luminosity, and the current mass-loss rate to be 2800 K, 7000 L_sun, and 5.3x10^{-6} M_sun yr^{-1}, respectively. Taking into account previous observational results, such as the detection of SiO maser emissions and silicate absorption feature in the 10 $\\mu$m spectrum, our dust radiative transfer analysis based on our NIR imaging polarimetry suggests that (1) the central star of IRAS 19312+1950 is to be an oxygen-rich, dust-enshrouded AGB star and (2) most of the circumstellar material originates from other sources (e.g. ambient dark clouds) rather than as a result of mass loss from the central star.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 351, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00073", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00232", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Saving Women's Lives through International Family Planning Act of 2000''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds the following: (1) International family planning funds provide assistance that saves the lives of women by providing vital reproductive health care, including family planning and maternal health programs which include prenatal, postpartum, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted disease education that results in safe pregnancies and safe motherhood. (2) Each year more than 585,000 women die from complications with pregnancy and childbirth. In addition, each year at least 7,000,000 women suffer serious health problems and as many as 50,000,000 women suffer some adverse health consequences after childbirth, many of which prevented with safe motherhood practices used in reproductive health programs. (3) More than 5,800,000 people were infected with HIV/AIDS in 1998. Without funding from international family planning programs for education and prevention, most governments would not have the resources to combat the physical, social, and economic devastation inflicted by this disease. (4) The health of the planet is connected to the health of women and their families. Rapid population growth exacerbates many environmental problems, including air and water pollution, loss of wildlife habitat, fisheries depletion, and climate change--global problems that transcend national boundaries. Family planning programs give women the option to choose the number and spacing of their children, which contributes to slowing global population growth. International family planning improves the ability of families worldwide to manage their lives and their natural resources more sustainably. (5) When families have access to family planning resources and are able to space their children, delay the timing of their first child, and have longer intervals between each child, there is a decrease in the risk of mortality in both women and children. (6) Voluntary family planning services allow women and men to exercise their fundamental human right to plan the size of their families and ensure that every pregnancy is planned and every child is wanted. Data from around the world provides conclusive evidence that increased access to family planning reduces the incidence of abortion. (7) At the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994, it was estimated that making quality family planning and related health services available to all in need of such planning and services would cost $17,000,000,000 in the year 2000. The United States and other donor countries agreed to provide", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01140", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00233", "text": "ST. MORITZ, Switzerland (AP) — Stop worrying, downhill racers. The 2018 Olympic course will be faster than you think. The new track in South Korea has been criticized — at a men's test race last year and at the world championships this week — as being too slow with too many twists and turns. Not so fast, veteran Olympic course designer Bernhard Russi told The Associated Press. \"It was on purpose to do it like this,\" Russi said of last February's World Cup downhill where race winner Kjetil Jansrud of Norway peaked at 113.7 kph (70.6 mph). If that sounds fast, 2014 Olympic champion Matthias Mayer hit close to 135 kph (84 mph) on Russi's design in the mountains above Sochi. A record speed of 161 kph (100 mph) in World Cup downhills was set by Johan Clarey of France in Wengen, Switzerland, in 2013. \"When you go the first time in a new downhill you start from the slow side. You don't want to kill the guys,\" said Russi, the 1972 Olympic champion and silver medalist behind Austrian great Franz Klammer four years later. The Swiss veteran is skiing's master architect, and always planned to learn from last year's debut race and a scheduled women's World Cup downhill on the same wide course next month. \"Now we know how much faster we can go, and we will. And the jumps will be longer,\" Russi said of a men's course that launches them airborne four times. The main Olympic critic one year ago was Christof Innerhofer of Italy, the 2014 silver medalist, who called the course in Jeongseon \"slow motion.\" In St. Moritz, it was world championship downhill silver medalist Erik Guay of Canada who wished for a faster, tougher test at the Pyeongchang Olympics. Guay said the test race had too many slowing turns, and was similar to a super-G — a pointed remark from the 35-year-old Canadian who is the new world champion in that discipline. \"I hope that they set it a little differently,\" Guay said of the Olympic course. \"that they should make it flow a little bit better. But the slope itself is great.\" The men and women share the Olympic hill, but not exactly the same terrain. Russi said", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00710", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00234", "text": "Common sense suggests that when you've got a big goal, like committing to a new workout routine, eating better, losing weight, or writing a book or starting a business, you should tell as many people as possible. After all, if lots of friends know about your goal, you'll be motivated to work harder because you don't want to disappoint yourself or your community. Plus, your friends will check in with you, and push you, and hold you accountable so that you don't quit on yourself. Right? Well... not. In his 3-minute TED Talk, Derek Sivers shares a surprising idea: Telling people about your goal makes it less to happen. Why is this? As Derek explains, some researchers think it has something to do with the power of \"social acknowledgment.\" For example, let's say you announce to your best friend: \"I'm going to train for 5K race! This year, I'm really doing it!\" Your friend responds by saying: \"Congratulations! What a great goal. You can do it. I'm so proud of you.\" As you listen to your friend's encouragement, praise and acknowledgment, you feel really great! You feel accepted, appreciated and full of warm, fuzzy feelings. But there's a catch: once your body is flooded with those types of warm feelings, you're actually less motivated to \"do the hard work\" that's necessary to reach your goal. In a sense, your brain has been \"tricked\" into thinking you're already \"done.\" That's why telling people about your goals can be counter-productive. It gives you a \"premature sense of completeness.\" Or so the theory goes. My personal opinion: It really depends on your personality and on the type of goal you're trying to achieve. If your goal is to get a new job, for example, then it's important to tell lots of people, because the people in your professional network can point you towards possible job opportunities, write letters of recommendation and open all kinds of doors for you. You'll get farther and faster if you involve your community. But in other instances, zipping your lips be a good idea. If you've been telling your friends, \"I'm going to write a book!\" for 10 years in a row, but you're making zero progress, then you could try changing your approach. Zip your lips and start writing in secret. you'll find more success", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00599", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00235", "text": "We conjecture that the set of all Hilbert functions of (artinian) level algebras enjoys a very natural form of regularity, which we call the {\\em Interval Conjecture} (IC): If, for some positive integer $\\alpha $, $(1,h_1,...,h_i,...,h_e)$ and $(1,h_1,...,h_i+\\alpha ,...,h_e)$ are both level $h$-vectors, then $(1,h_1,...,h_i+\\beta ,...,h_e)$ is also level for each integer $\\beta =0,1,..., \\alpha .$ In the Gorenstein case, i.e. when $h_e=1$, we also supply the {\\em Gorenstein Interval Conjecture} (GIC), which naturally generalizes the IC, and basically states that the same property simultaneously holds for any two symmetric entries, say $h_i$ and $h_{e-i}$, of a Gorenstein $h$-vector. These conjectures are inspired by the research performed in this area over the last few years. A series of recent results to indicate that it will be nearly impossible to characterize explicitly the sets of all Gorenstein or of all level Hilbert functions. Therefore, our conjectures would at least provide the existence of a very strong - and natural - form of order in the structure of such important and complicated sets. We are still far from proving the conjectures at this point. However, we will already solve a few interesting cases, especially when it comes to the IC, in this paper. Among them, that of Gorenstein $h$-vectors of socle degree 4, that of level $h$-vectors of socle degree 2, and that of non-unimodal level $h$-vectors of socle degree 3 and any given codimension.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 389, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00120", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00236", "text": "netting the equalizer after a mistake by Sevilla goalkeeper Sergio Rico. By Tales Azzoni. SENT: 164 words, photos. SOC--ITALIAN ROUNDUP MILAN — AC Milan drew 0-0 at home to Lazio in the first leg of their Italian Cup semifinal on Wednesday and left counting the cost of an embarrassing miss by Hakan Calhanoglu. SENT: 322 words, photos. SOC--FRENCH ROUNDUP PARIS — First-half goals from Radamel Falcao sent Monaco back into the League Cup final after a 2-0 home win against Montpellier on Wednesday. SENT: 297 words, photos. SOC--GERMANY TRANSFERS BERLIN — Borussia Dortmund dominated the end of the transfer window in Germany with a flurry of activity that saw star striker Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang leave and Michy Batshuayi take his place on Wednesday. By Ciaran Fahey. SENT: 698 words, photos. SOC--ITALY-TRANSFERS MILAN — Roma was the only one of the top-five Serie A clubs to make a major signing as the Italian transfer window closed on Wednesday, with the capital club bringing in Argentina left back Jonathan Silva on loan from Sporting Lisbon. By Daniella Matar. SENT: 346 words, photos. SOC--SPAIN-TRANSFERS MADRID — Real Sociedad signed veteran Mexico defender Hector Moreno on a day without major transfers involving Spain's top clubs. By Tales Azzoni. SENT: 382 words, photos. WINTER OLYMPICS: OLY--LUG-GERMAN GREATNESS There has never been a women's luge athlete who has won more World Cup medals than Natalie Geisenberger. Same goes for world championship medals, same goes for Olympic medals. Her resume is beyond compare. So she's the best ever to slide, right? \"No,\" she says, adamantly. \"I'm not the best.\" SENT: 801 words, photos. TENNIS: TEN--FED CUP-FRANCE PARIS — Kristina Mladenovic, Pauline Parmentier and Amandine Hesse were named in France's Fed Cup team on Wednesday for the first-round match against Belgium. SENT: 267 words. TEN--ST PETERSBURG LADIES TROPHY ST. PETERSBURG, Russia — Petra Kvitova advanced to the second round", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00820", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00237", "text": "This paper presents a simple geometrical fact which could relate to the history of mathematics and astronomy. This fact shows a natural link between the circle and the multiples of 6 and it makes it possible to obtain a simple representation of the 12 months of the year, the 24 hours of the day, the 30 days (average number) of the month and the 360 days (approximate number) of the year, which brings us closer to the sexagesimal division of time. Moreover this representation reminds one of the movement of the planets around a centre. Using this fact one will be able also to find geometrically the principal divisor of number 60, to represent numbers in base 60 with a kind of abacus or calculation table and to make a division of the circle into 6 and 12 equal parts. Afterwards one will be able to obtain a division in 360 unequal parts but relatively close to one another, and the goal isn't precisely to obtain an optimal division of the circle in 360 equal parts but to prove that the idea to divide the circle in 360 equal parts can subsequently be suggested by these geometrical facts that have been showed. In this article the author will not answer the following questions: a) What is the origin of the sexagesimal system? b) By which way could one manage to adopt the sexagesimal system starting from the knowledge of the facts exposed in this article and starting from the knowledge of the astronomical data? These questions treated, using information of this article, by the readers or later on by the author.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 317, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00328", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00238", "text": "If primordial low-mass black holes (PBH) exist in the Universe than many of stars and planetary bodies be infected by them. This is also true in regard to the Sun and Jupiter and Saturn. The availability of even the very low-mass inner relativistic reactor may lead to essential changes in evolution scenario of a celestial body on its lifetime scale. Black holes in stellar interior may be found either in consequence of captures process or incorporation during the formation of a star from interstellar clouds. Surprisingly that in the equilibrium state a PBH growth is a long-lived process with e-folding rise time of billion years. One can envision a PBH orbiting inside the Sun. Our considerations showed that the PBH experiences very little friction in passing through the stellar matter. If the BH mass is above 10^{-5}M_{sun} the major contribution to the luminosity comes from the relativistic gravitational reactor. In such a case a star evolves towards the Eddington limit. This should lead to considerable expansion of a star and a global stability loss. Microscopic PBHs can exist in the interior of planetary bodies too. To produce the required excess of thermal energy on Jupiter and Saturn the masses of PBH captured are assumed to be reached of 4 10^{19} and 7 10^{18} g, respectively. These microscopic objects are comparable to the hydrogen atom in size. One can envision even a planet with the PBH acting as the self-sufficient source of heating. Such a planet does not need a sun to maintain animal life on its surface. This may last eons.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00263", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00239", "text": "We propose a pairing-based method for cooling an atomic Fermi gas. A three component (labels 1, 2, 3) mixture of Fermions is considered where the components 1 and 2 interact and, for instance, form pairs whereas the component 3 is in the normal state. For cooling, the components 2 and 3 are coupled by an electromagnetic field. Since the quasiparticle distributions in the paired and in the normal states are different, the coupling leads to cooling of the normal state even when initially $T_{paired}\\geq T_{normal}$ (notation $T_S\\geq T_N$). The cooling efficiency is given by the pairing energy and by the linewidth of the coupling field. No superfluidity is required: any type of pairing, or other phenomenon that produces a suitable spectral density, is sufficient. In principle, the paired state cooled as well but this requires $T_N<T_S$. The method has a conceptual analogy to cooling based on superconductor -- normal metal (SN) tunneling junctions. Main differences arise from the exact momentum conservation in the case of the field-matter coupling vs. non-conservation of momentum in the solid state tunneling process. Moreover, the role of processes that relax the energy conservation requirement in the tunneling, e.g. thermal fluctuations of an external reservoir, is now played by the linewidth of the field. The proposed method should be experimentally feasible due to its close connection to RF-spectroscopy of ultracold gases which is already in use.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00104", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00240", "text": "bankrolled by the West Coast. When people out of state start throwing in $6 million to $8 million, I get worried. I don't like outsiders dictating what we do in Georgia.\" Ossoff is one of five Democrats on the ballot Tuesday, but the national party lined up quickly behind him, in large part due to the strong support he had from the district's neighboring congressmen, Reps. John Lewis and Hank Johnson. Ossoff himself actually lives just outside the district (though he grew up in it). Republicans have hammered him on that fact and claimed he's tried to inflate his resume and the national-security work he did as an aide for Johnson. They've tried to highlight his age,too. Ossoff and his supporters argue fresh, young blood isn't necessarily a bad thing. Former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julian Castro was on hand to help Ossoff on Saturday, and he was quick to underscore the national implications of the race on Tuesday and beyond, especially in the wake of that Kansas special election last week, where the Democratic candidate outperformed Trump by 20 points in the district. \"For everyone out there who is a little bit uncomfortable with the idea that the Republicans control everything, especially with a president that is so erratic, the best way to make sure that we can have some balance is to make sure that the Democrats take back the House,\" Castro said — an effort he underscored began on Tuesday. For Democrats shocked by last November's results, Ossoff's campaign has become a vehicle for them to try to affect change. Megan Prince-Miller, 33, was one of the many volunteers who came out on Saturday to campaign for Ossoff on a warm spring day, ready to knock on doors even though she was heavily pregnant and due in three weeks. \"We're having our first baby, a daughter, and, you know, it's just been on the back of our minds — what kind of world is she going to live in? And I don't want it to be the world that that President Trump is creating,\" Prince-Miller said. Can Republicans divided become united? Republicans vying to take on Ossoff here are reflecting the broader national divide among the GOP. They've been hampered by splits within their own base, which is choosing between 11 GOP candidates. It's become something of a circular firing squad among the Republican hopefuls. But many of them aren't exactly running", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00628", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00241", "text": "The yellow hypergiant stars (YHGs) are extremely luminous and massive objects whose general properties are poorly known. Only two of this kind of star show massive circumstellar envelopes, IRC+10420 and AFGL2343. We aim to study the chemistry of the circumstellar envelopes around these two sources, by comparison with well known AGB stars and protoplanetary nebulae. We also estimate the abundances of the observed molecular species. We have performed single-dish observations of different transitions for twelve molecular species. We have compared the ratio of the intensities of the molecular transitions and of the estimated abundances in AFGL2343 and IRC+10420 with those in O-rich and C-rich AGB stars and protoplanetary nebulae. Both YHGs, AFGL2343, and IRC+10420, have been found to have an O-rich chemistry similar to that in O-rich AGB stars, though for AFGL2343 the emission of most molecules compared with 13CO lines is relatively weak. Clear differences with the other evolved sources appear when we compare the line intensity corrected for distance and the profile widths which are, respectively, very intense and very wide in YHGs. The abundances obtained for IRC+10420 agree with those found in AGB stars, but in general those found in AFGL2343, except for 13CO, are too low. This apparently low molecular abundance in AFGL2343 due to the fact that these molecules are present only in an inner region of the shell where the mass is relatively low.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00246", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00242", "text": "Recently it has been shown that string instanton effects may give rise to neutrino Majorana masses in certain classes of semi-realistic string compactifications. In this paper we make a systematic search for supersymmetric MSSM-like Type II Gepner orientifold constructions admitting boundary states associated with instantons giving rise to neutrino Majorana masses and other L- and/or B-violating operators. We analyze the zero mode structure of D-brane instantons on general type II orientifold compactifications, and show that only instantons with O(1) symmetry can have just the two zero modes required to contribute to the 4d superpotential. We however discuss how the addition of fluxes and/or possible non-perturbative extensions of the orientifold compactifications would allow also instantons with $Sp(2)$ and U(1) symmetries to generate such superpotentials. In the context of Gepner orientifolds with MSSM-like spectra, we find no models with O(1) instantons with just the required zero modes to generate a neutrino mass superpotential. On the other hand we find a number of models in one particular orientifold of the Gepner model $(2,4,22,22)$ with $Sp(2)$ instantons with a few extra uncharged non-chiral zero modes which easily lifted by the mentioned effects. A few more orientifold examples are also found under less stringent constraints on the zero modes. This class of $Sp(2)$ instantons have the interesting property that R-parity conservation is automatic and the flavour structure of the neutrino Majorana mass matrices has a simple factorized form.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00019", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00243", "text": "away about her legal defense of Greitens' campaign, which already had turned over thousands of documents to a House investigatory committee. On Tuesday morning, a Cole County judge ordered the campaign and a pro-Greitens group called A New Missouri to comply with a House subpoena seeking more records about potential coordination between the nonprofit organization, Greitens and his campaign. The judge said the names of any donors to A New Missouri redacted. House Speaker Todd Richardson said Wednesday that he didn't know whether the House still has the power or desire to enforce the subpoena now that Greitens is resigning. Hanaway described the judicial ruling as \"pretty innocuous,\" adding that she did not think the order \"had any effect on the decision\" to resign. Roe said Greitens had been prepared for a two-stage fight. He was first focused on the invasion-of-privacy charge, which was dropped during jury selection. Greitens had hoped to be acquitted, which Roe said would have allowed him to mount a full defense against the potential House impeachment proceedings. But the specter of those charges being refiled hampered what Greitens could say and do on both fronts, Roe said. Roe also said it appeared that the House would vote to impeach Greitens, a step that would have prolonged his fight for several more months until a trial held on whether to remove him from office. \"The human and financial toll was too great,\" Roe said. \"And it was going to go on for too long.\" ___ Salter reported from St. Louis. Associated Press writers Blake Nelson in Jefferson City and John Hanna in Topeka, Kansas, contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00791", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00244", "text": "We present the results of the simultaneous deep XMM and Chandra observations of the bright Seyfert 1.9 galaxy MCG-5-23-16, which is thought to have one of the best known examples of a relativistically broadened iron K-alpha line. The time averaged spectral analysis shows that the iron K-shell complex is best modeled with an unresolved narrow emission component (FWHM < 5000 km/s, EW ~ 60 eV) plus a broad component. This latter component has FWHM ~ 44000 km/s and EW ~ 50 eV. Its profile is well described by an emission line originating from an accretion disk viewed with an inclination angle ~ 40^\\circ and with the emission arising from within a few tens of gravitational radii of the central black hole. The time-resolved spectral analysis of the XMM EPIC-pn spectrum shows that both the narrow and broad components of the Fe K emission line be constant in time within the errors. We detected a narrow sporadic absorption line at 7.7 keV which be variable on a time-scale of 20 ksec. If associated with Fe XXVI Ly-alpha this absorption is indicative of a variable, high ionization, high velocity outflow. The variability of this absorption feature rule out a local (z=0) origin. The analysis of the XMM RGS spectrum reveals that the soft X-ray emission of MCG-5-23-16 is dominated by several emission lines superimposed on an unabsorbed scattered power-law continuum. The lack of strong Fe L shell emission together with the detection of a strong forbidden line in the O VII triplet is consistent with a scenario where the soft X-ray emission lines are produced in a plasma photoionized by the nuclear emission.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00376", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00245", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Foster Care Mentoring Act of 2003''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Research shows that caring adults can make a difference in children's lives. Forty five percent of mentored teens are less to use drugs. Fifty nine percent of mentored teens have better academic performance. Seventy three percent of mentored teens achieve higher goals generally. (2) Children that have mentors have better relationships with adults, fewer disciplinary referrals, and more confidence to achieve their goals. (3) In 2001, over 163,000 children in the foster care system were under the age of 5 years. (4) In 2001, over 124,000 children were under the age of 10 when they were removed from their parents or caretakers. (5) The International Day of the Child, sponsored by Children United Nations, has served as a great tool to recruit mentors and partner them with needy foster care children. (6) On November 10, 2002, as many as 3,000 children will be matched with mentors as a result of the International Day of the Child. (7) States should be encouraged to incorporate mentor programs into the delivery of their foster care services. The State of California serves as a great example, matching close to half a million mentors with needy children. (8) Mentor programs that serve foster children are unique and require additional considerations including specialized training and support necessary to provide for consistent, long term relationships for children in care. (9) Mentor programs are cost-effective approaches to decreasing the occurrence of so many social ills such as teen pregnancy, substance abuse, incarceration and violence. SEC. 3. PROGRAMS FOR MENTORING CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE. Subpart 2 of part B of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 629 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 440. PROGRAMS FOR MENTORING CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE. ``(a) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to authorize the Secretary to make grants to eligible applicants to support the establishment or expansion and operation of programs using a network of public and private community entities to provide mentoring for children in foster care. ``(b) Definitions.--In this section: ``(1) Children in foster care", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01081", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00246", "text": "NEW YORK (AP) — Worried about catching a cold or the flu on an airplane? Get a window seat, and don't leave it until the flight is over. That's what some experts have been saying for years, and it's the best advice coming out of a new attempt to determine the risks of catching germs on an airplane. It turns out there's been little research on the risks of catching a cold or flu during air travel. Some experts believed that sitting in a window seat would keep a passenger away from infectious people who may be on the aisle or moving around. The new study, published Monday, came to the same conclusion. For somebody who doesn't want to get sick, \"get in that window seat and don't move,\" the study's lead researcher, Vicki Stover Hertzberg of Emory University in Atlanta. The study was ambitious: Squads of researchers jetted around the globe to test cabin surfaces and air for viruses and to observe how people came into contact with each other. But it also had shortcomings. In a total of 10 flights, they observed only one person coughing. And though the experiment was done during a flu season five years ago, they didn't find even one of 18 cold and flu viruses they tested for. It's possible that the researchers were unlucky, in that they were on planes that happened to not have sick people on them, Hertzberg said. The new study was initiated and funded by Boeing Co. The Chicago-based jet manufacturer also recruited one of the researchers, Georgia Tech's Howard Weiss, and had input in the writing of the results. \"But there was no particular pressure to change stuff or orient it one way or the other,\" Hertzberg said. The article was published electronically by a peer-reviewed scientific journal, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The researchers did some mathematical modeling and computer simulations to determine how people were to come close to a hypothetical infectious passenger sitting in an aisle seat on the 14th row of a single-aisle airplane. They concluded that on average, only one person on a flight of about 150 passengers would be infected. Researchers who were not involved said it would be difficult to use the relatively small study to make any general conclusions about the risks of an airline passenger getting a cold or flu, let alone other diseases like measles or tuberculosis. But it's a novel study about a subject that hasn't been well researched, they said. Studies", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00728", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00247", "text": "We present the results of the interferometric observations of the circumstellar disk surrounding MWC 297 in the continuum at 230 GHz (1.3 mm) and in the (J=2-1) rotational transitions of $^{12}$CO,$^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O using the Submillimeter Array. At a distance of 250 pc, MWC 297 is one of the closest, young massive stars (M$_{\\star}$ $\\sim$10 M$_{\\odot}$) to us. Compact continuum emission is detected towards MWC 297 from which we estimate a disk mass (gas+dust) of 0.07 M$_{\\odot}$ and a disk radius of $\\le$ 80 AU. Our result demonstrates that circumstellar disks can survive around massive stars well into their main sequence phase even after they have become optically visible. Complementing our observations with the data compiled from the literature, we find the submm dust opacity index $\\beta$ to be between 0.1 and 0.3. If the emission is optically thin, the low value of $\\beta$ indicates the presence of relatively large grains in the disk, because of grain growth. We do not detect any CO emission associated with the continuum source. We argue that the $^{13}$CO emission from the disk is optically thin, in which case, we derive an upper limit to the gas mass which implies significant depletion of molecular gas in the disk. The mass of this disk and the evolutionary trends observed are similar to those found for intermediate mass Herbig Ae stars and low mass T Tauri stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00470", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00248", "text": "In the initial formation stages young stars must acquire a significant fraction of their mass by accretion from a circumstellar disk that forms in the center of a collapsing protostellar cloud. Throughout this period mass accretion rates through the disk can reach 10^{-6}-10^{-5} M_Sun/yr leading to substantial energy release in the vicinity of stellar surface. We study the impact of irradiation of the stellar surface produced by the hot inner disk on properties of accreting fully convective low-mass stars, and also look at objects such as young brown dwarfs and giant planets. At high accretion rates irradiation raises the surface temperature of the equatorial region above the photospheric temperature T_0 that a star would have in the absence of accretion. The high-latitude (polar) parts of the stellar surface, where disk irradiation is weak, preserve their temperature at the level of T_0. In strongly irradiated regions an almost isothermal outer radiative zone forms on top of the fully convective interior, leading to the suppression of the local internal cooling flux derived from stellar contraction (similar suppression occurs in irradiated ``hot Jupiters''). Properties of this radiative zone determine the amount of thermal energy that gets advected into the convective interior of the star. Total intrinsic luminosity integrated over the whole stellar surface is reduced compared to the non-accreting case, by up to a factor of several in some systems (young brown dwarfs, stars in quasar disks, forming giants planets), potentially leading to the retardation of stellar contraction. Stars and brown dwarfs irradiated by their disks tend to lose energy predominantly through their cool polar regions while young giant planets accreting through the disk cool through their whole surface.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 362, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00396", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00249", "text": "It has been speculated that quantum gravity induce a \"foamy\" space-time structure at small scales, randomly perturbing the propagation phases of free-streaming particles (such as kaons, neutrons, or neutrinos). Particle interferometry then reveal non-standard decoherence effects, in addition to standard ones (due to, e.g., finite source size and detector resolution.) In this work we discuss the phenomenology of such non-standard effects in the propagation of electron neutrinos in the Sun and in the long-baseline reactor experiment KamLAND, which jointly provide us with the best available probes of decoherence at neutrino energies E ~ few MeV. In the solar neutrino case, by means of a perturbative approach, decoherence is shown to modify the standard (adiabatic) propagation in matter through a calculable damping factor. By assuming a power-law dependence of decoherence effects in the energy domain (E^n with n = 0,+/-1,+/-2), theoretical predictions for two-family neutrino mixing are compared with the data and discussed. We find that neither solar nor KamLAND data show evidence in favor of non-standard decoherence effects, whose characteristic parameter gamma_0 can thus be significantly constrained. In the \"Lorentz-invariant\" case n=-1, we obtain the upper limit gamma_0<0.78 x 10^-26 GeV at 95% C.L. In the specific case n=-2, the constraints can also be interpreted as bounds on possible matter density fluctuations in the Sun, which we improve by a factor of ~ 2 with respect to previous analyses.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 328, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00067", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00250", "text": "Early measurements of SN 1987A can be interpreted in light of a beam/jet (BJ), with a collimation factor >10,000, which impacted polar ejecta (PE) to produce the \"Mystery Spot\" (MS), ~24 lt-d away. Other details of SN 1987A suggest that it came from a merger of 2 stellar cores of a common envelope (CE) binary, i.e. a \"double degenerate\" (DD) SN. Even having to penetrate the CE, the BJ may have caused a long-soft (l)GRB upon hitting the PE, thus DD can produce lGRBs. Because DD must be the dominant merger/SN mechanism in elliptical galaxies (EGs), where only short, hard GRBs (sGRBs) have been observed, DD without CE or PE must also produce sGRBs, and thus NS-NS mergers may not make GRBs as we know them, and/or be as common as previously thought. Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the non-core-collapsed globular clusters are also 99% DD-formed from WD-WD merger, consistent with their 2.10 ms minimum spin period, the 2.14 ms signal seen from SN 1987A, and sGRBs offset from the centers of EGs. The details of Ia's suggest that these are also DD, and the total thermonuclear disruption paradigm is now in serious doubt as well, a cause for concern in Ia Cosmology, because Ia's will be Ic's when viewed from their DD merger poles, given sufficient matter above that lost to core-collapse. As a DD SN, 1987A be the Rosetta Stone for 99% of SNe, GRBs and MSPs, including all recent nearby SNe except SN 1986J, and the more distant SN 2006gy. There is no need to invent exotica, such as \"collapsars,\" to account for GRBs.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 416, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00472", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00251", "text": "Examining a sample of massive galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5 with K_{Vega}<22 from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey, we compare photometry from Spitzer at mid- and far-IR, to submillimeter, radio and rest-frame ultraviolet wavelengths, to test the agreement between different tracers of star formation rates (SFRs) and to explore the implications for galaxy assembly. For z~2 galaxies with moderate luminosities(L_{8um}<10^{11}L_sun), we find that the SFR can be estimated consistently from the multiwavelength data based on local luminosity correlations. However,20--30% of massive galaxies, and nearly all those with L_{8um}>10^{11}L_sun, show a mid-IR excess which is due to the presence of obscured active nuclei, as shown in a companion paper. There is a tight and roughly linear correlation between stellar mass and SFR for 24um-detected galaxies. For a given mass, the SFR at z=2 was larger by a factor of ~4 and ~30 relative to that in star forming galaxies at z=1 and z=0, respectively. Typical ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at z=2 are relatively 'transparent' to ultraviolet light, and their activity is long lived (~400 Myr), unlike that in local ULIRGs and high redshift submillimeter-selected galaxies. ULIRGs are the common mode of star formation in massive galaxies at z=2, and the high duty cycle suggests that major mergers are not the dominant trigger for this activity.Current galaxy formation models underpredict the normalization of the mass-SFR correlation by about a factor of 4, and the space density of ULIRGs by an orderof magnitude, but give better agreement for z>1.4 quiescent galaxies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00160", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00252", "text": "We consider inapproximability of the correlation clustering problem defined as follows: Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ where each edge is labeled either \"+\" (similar) or \"-\" (dissimilar), correlation clustering seeks to partition the vertices into clusters so that the number of pairs correctly (resp. incorrectly) classified with respect to the labels is maximized (resp. minimized). The two complementary problems are called MaxAgree and MinDisagree, respectively, and have been studied on complete graphs, where every edge is labeled, and general graphs, where some edge not have been labeled. Natural edge-weighted versions of both problems have been studied as well. Let S-MaxAgree denote the weighted problem where all weights are taken from set S, we show that S-MaxAgree with weights bounded by $O(|V|^{1/2-\\delta})$ essentially belongs to the same hardness class in the following sense: if there is a polynomial time algorithm that approximates S-MaxAgree within a factor of $\\lambda = O(\\log{|V|})$ with high probability, then for any choice of S', S'-MaxAgree can be approximated in polynomial time within a factor of $(\\lambda + \\epsilon)$, where $\\epsilon > 0$ can be arbitrarily small, with high probability. A similar statement also holds for $S-MinDisagree. This result implies it is hard (assuming $NP \\neq RP$) to approximate unweighted MaxAgree within a factor of $80/79-\\epsilon$, improving upon a previous known factor of $116/115-\\epsilon$ by Charikar et. al. \\cite{Chari05}.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00053", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00253", "text": "We develop the kinetic theory of Hamiltonian systems with weak long-range interactions. Starting from the Klimontovich equation and using a quasilinear theory, we obtain a general kinetic equation that can be applied to spatially inhomogeneous systems and that takes into account memory effects. This equation is valid at order 1/N in a proper thermodynamic limit and it coincides with the kinetic equation obtained from the BBGKY hierarchy. For N tending to infinity, it reduces to the Vlasov equation describing collisionless systems. We describe the process of phase mixing and violent relaxation leading to the formation of a quasi stationary state (QSS) on the coarse-grained scale. We interprete the physical nature of the QSS in relation to Lynden-Bell's statistical theory and discuss the problem of incomplete relaxation. In the second part of the paper, we consider the relaxation of a test particle in a thermal bath. We derive a Fokker-Planck equation by directly calculating the diffusion tensor and the friction force from the Klimontovich equation. We give general expressions of these quantities that are valid for spatially inhomogeneous systems with long correlation time. We show that the diffusion and friction terms have a very similar structure given by a sort of generalized Kubo formula. We also obtain non-markovian kinetic equations that can be relevant when the auto-correlation function of the force decreases slowly with time. An interest of our approach is to develop a formalism that remains in physical space (instead of Fourier space) and that can deal with spatially inhomogeneous systems.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00195", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00254", "text": "Star formation depends strongly both on the local environment of galaxies, and on the internal dynamics of the interstellar medium. To disentangle the two effects, we obtained, in the framework of the AMIGA project, Ha and Gunn r photometric data for more than 200 spiral galaxies lying in very low-density regions of the local Universe. We characterise the Ha emission, tracing current star formation, of the 45 largest and less inclined galaxies observed for which we estimate the torques between the gas and the bulk of the optical matter. We could subsequently study the Ha morphological aspect of these isolated spiral galaxies. Using Fourier analysis, we focus on the modes of the spiral arms and also on the strength of the bars, computing the torques between the gas and newly formed stars (Ha) and the bulk of the optical matter (Gunn r). We interpret the various bar/spiral morphologies observed in terms of the secular evolution experienced by galaxies in isolation. We also classify the different spatial distributions of star forming regions in barred galaxies. The observed frequency of particular patterns brings constraints on the lifetime of the various evolution phases. We propose an evolutive sequence accounting for the transitions between the different phases we could observe. Isolated galaxies appear not to be preferentially barred or unbarred. Through numerical simulations, trying to fit the Ha distributions yields constraints on the star formation law, which is to differ from a genuine Schmidt law. In particular, it is probable that the relative velocity of the gas in the bar also needs to be taken into account.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00404", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00255", "text": "This paper is a detailed report on a programme of simulations used to settle a long-standing issue in the dynamo theory and demonstrate that the fluctuation dynamo exists in the limit of large magnetic Reynolds number Rm>>1 and small magnetic Prandtl number Pm<<1. The dependence of the critical Rm_c vs. the hydrodynamic Reynolds number Re is obtained for 1<Re<6700. In the limit Pm<<1, Rm_c is ~3 times larger than for Pm>1. The stability curve Rm_c(Re) (and, it is argued, the nature of the dynamo) is substantially different from the case of the simulations and liquid-metal experiments with a mean flow. It is not as yet possible to determine numerically whether the growth rate is ~Rm^{1/2} in the limit Re>>Rm>>1, as should be the case if the dynamo is driven by the inertial-range motions. The magnetic-energy spectrum in the low-Pm regime is qualitatively different from the Pm>1 case and develop a negative spectral slope, although current resolutions are insufficient to determine its asymptotic form. At 1<Rm<Rm_c, the magnetic fluctuations induced via the tangling by turbulence of a weak mean field are investigated and the possibility of a k^{-1} spectrum above the resistive scale is examined. At low Rm<1, the induced fluctuations are well described by the quasistatic approximation; the k^{-11/3} spectrum is confirmed for the first time in direct numerical simulations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 323, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00050", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00256", "text": "We present high-resolution, multiwavelength continuum and molecular-line images of the massive star forming region IRAS 18317-0757. The IR through mm spectral energy distribution can be approximated by a two-temperature model (25 and 63 K) with a total luminosity of approximately log(L/Lsun)=5.2. Previous submm imaging resolved this region into a cluster of 5 dust cores, one of which is associated with the UCHII region G23.96+0.15, and another with an H2O maser. In our new 2.7 mm continuum image, only the UCHII region is detected, with total flux and morphology in good agreement with the free-free emission in VLA cm-wave maps. For the other four objects, the nondetections at 2.7 mm and in the MSX mid-IR bands are consistent with cool dust emission with a temperature of 13-40K and luminosity of 1000-40000 Lsun. By combining single-dish and interferometric data, we have identified over two dozen virialized C18O cores in this region that contain ~40% of the total molecular gas mass present. While the overall extent of the C18O and dust emission is similar, the emission peaks do not correlate well in detail. At least 11 of the 123 stars identified by 2MASS in this region are to be within the star-forming cluster. Two stars (both associated with the UCHII region) were previously identified as O stars via IR spectroscopy. Most of the rest of the reddened stars have no obvious correlation with the C18O cores or the dust cores. In summary, our observations indicate that considerable fragmentation of the molecular cloud has taken place during the time required for the UCHII region to form and the O stars to become detectable at IR wavelengths. Additional star formation be ongoing on the periphery of the central region, where up to four B-type (proto)stars have formed among a substantial number of C18O molecular cores.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 421, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00030", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00257", "text": "We report on the preparation and characterization of single crystal gamma phase NaxCoO2 with 0.25 < x < 0.84 using a non-aqueous electrochemical chronoamperemetry technique. By carefully mapping the overpotential versus x (for x < 0.84), we find six distinct stable phases with Na levels corresponding to x ~ 0.75, 0.71, 0.50, 0.43, 0.33 and 0.25. The composition with x ~0.55 have a critical Na concentration which separates samples with different magnetic behavior as well as different Na ion diffusion mechanisms. Chemical analysis of an aged crystal reveals different Na ion diffusion mechanisms above and below x_c ~ 0.53, where the diffusion process above x_c has a diffusion coefficient about five times larger than that below x_c. The series of crystals were studied with X-ray diffraction, susceptibility, and transport measurements. The crystal with x = 0.5 shows a weak ferromagnetic transition below T=27 K in addition to the usual transitions at T = 51 K and 88 K. The resistivity of the Curie-Weiss metallic Na0.71CoO2 composition has a very low residual resistivity, which attests to the high homogeneity of the crystals prepared by this improved electrochemical method. Our results on the various stable crystal compositions point to the importance of Na ion ordering across the phase diagram.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00426", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00258", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``DSHEA Full Implementation and Enforcement Act of 2004''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) Over 158,000,000 Americans regularly consume dietary supplements to maintain and improve their health. (2) Consumer expenditures on dietary supplements reached a reported $17,100,000,000 in 2000, double the amount spent in 1994. (3) According to a recent report issued by the Food and Drug Administration (in this Act referred to as the ``FDA'') the use of dietary supplements is to grow due to factors such as the aging of the baby boom generation, increased interest in self-sufficiency, and advances in science that are uncovering new relationships between diet and disease. (4) In 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-417) (in this Act referred to as ``DSHEA'') was enacted. This Act balanced continued consumer access to vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements, increased scientific research on the benefits and risks of dietary supplements, public education on dietary supplements, and needed consumer protections. (5) DSHEA requires that claims made on dietary supplement labels, packaging, and accompanying material be truthful, non- misleading, and substantiated. Manufacturers are prohibited from making claims that products are intended to diagnose, treat, mitigate, cure, or prevent a disease. (6) DSHEA provides for good manufacturing practice standards setting requirements for potency, purity, sanitary conditions, and recordkeeping for dietary supplements. (7) DSHEA requires that manufacturers submit adequate information as to the safety of any new ingredients contained in dietary supplements before those products can be sold. (8) The FDA has updated and expanded its system for the reporting, collection, and analysis of dietary supplement adverse events reports. (9) DSHEA provides the FDA with a number of authoritites to remove unsafe dietary supplements from the marketplace. (10) DSHEA created the Office of Dietary Supplements within the National Institutes of Health to expand research and consumer information about the health effects of dietary supplements. (11) The FDA has not adequately used its authority to enforce DSHEA. (12) The FDA needs adequate resources to appropriately implement and enforce DSHEA. Congress has appropriated additional funds over the last several years beyond those requested in the President's budget", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00838", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00259", "text": ", including subcabinet officials from the prior administration acting as cabinet members, for at least some period of time; (7) the Constitution vests the appointment power of executive branch officials in the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and nothing in this resolution is intended to alter either the constitutional power of the President or the constitutional function of the Senate with regard to the confirmation of presidential nominees; (8) an incoming President cannot exercise the constitutional powers of the President, in order to ensure a smooth transition of Government, until noon on the 20th day of January, pursuant to the terms of the twentieth amendment to the Constitution; (9) cooperation between the incoming and the outgoing President is therefore the only way to ensure a smooth transition of Government; (10) Congress throughout history has acted consistently and in a bipartisan fashion to encourage measures to ensure the smooth transition of executive power from one President to another, such as through the enactment of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note; Public Law 88-277) and subsequent amendments; (11) Congress has previously concluded that ``[t]he national interest requires'' that ``the orderly transfer of the executive power in connection with the expiration of the term of office of a President and the inauguration of a new President... be accomplished so as to assure continuity in the faithful execution of the laws and in the conduct of the affairs of the Federal Government, both domestic and foreign'' under the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note; Public Law 88-277); (12) Congress has further concluded that ``[a]ny disruption occasioned by the transfer of the executive power could produce results detrimental to the safety and well-being of the United States and its people'' under the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note; Public Law 88-277); (13) Congress has previously expressed its intent ``that appropriate actions be authorized and taken to avoid or minimize any disruption'' and ``that all officers of the Government so conduct the affairs of the Government for which they exercise responsibility and authority as (1) to be mindful of problems occasioned by transitions in the office of the President, (2) to take appropriate lawful steps to avoid or minimize disruptions that be occasioned by the transfer of the executive power, and (3) otherwise to promote orderly transitions in the office of President", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00955", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00260", "text": "We present phase-resolved spectroscopy of the short period cataclysmic variable WZ Sge obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. We were able to resolve the orbital motion of a number of absorption lines that probe the environment near the accreting white dwarf. The radial velocities derived from simultaneous fits to 13 absorption lines indicate an orbital velocity semi-amplitude of K_UV = 47 +/- 3 km/s. However, we find that the phase zero is offset from the white dwarf ephemeris by +0.1. Our offset and velocity amplitude are very similar to constraints derived from optical emission lines from the quiescent accretion disk, despite the fact that we are probing material much closer to the primary. If we associate the UV amplitude with K_1, our dynamical constraints together with the K_2 estimates from Steeghs et al. (2001) and the known binary inclination of i=77+/-2 imply 0.88<M_1<1.53 M_sun, 0.078 < M_2 < 0.13 M_sun and 0.075<q=M_2/M_1<0.101. If we interpret the mean velocity of the UV lines (-16+/-4 km/s) as being due to the gravitational red-shift caused in the high-g environment near the white dwarf, we find v_grav=56+/-5 km/s which provides an independent estimate on the mass of the primary of M_1=0.85+/-0.04 M_sun when coupled with a mass-radius relation. Our primary mass estimates are in excellent agreement and are also self-consistent with spectrophotometric fits to the UV fluxes despite the observed phase offset. It is at this point unclear what causes the observed phase-offset in the UV spectra and by how much it distorts the radial velocity signature from the underlying white dwarf.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 389, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00226", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00261", "text": "We present deep HST ACS images of the post-starburt shell galaxy AM 0139-655. We find evidence for the presence of three distinct globular cluster subpopulations associated with this galaxy: a centrally concentrated young population (~ 0.4 Gyr), an intermediate age population (~ 1 Gyr) and an old, metal-poor population similar to that seen around normal galaxies. The g-I color distribution of the clusters is bimodal with peaks at 0.85 and 1.35. The redder peak at g-I=1.35 is consistent with the predicted color for an old metal-poor population. The clusters associated with the peak at g-I=0.85 are centrally concentrated and interpreted as a younger and more metal-rich population. We suggest that these clusters have an age of ~ 0.4 Gyr and solar metallicity based on a comparison with population synthesis models. The luminosity function of these \"blue\" clusters is well represented by a power law. Interestingly, the brightest shell associated with the galaxy harbors some of the youngest clusters observed. This to indicate that the same merger event was responsible for the formation of both the shells and the young clusters. The red part of the color distribution contains several very bright clusters, which are not expected for an old, metal-poor population. Furthermore, the luminosity function of the \"red\" GCs cannot be fit well by either a single gaussian or a single power law. A composite (gaussian + power law) fit to the LF of the red clusters yields both a low rms and very plausible properties for an old population plus an intermediate-age population of GCs. Hence, we suggest that the red clusters in AM 0139-655 consist of two distinct GC subpopulations, one being an old, metal-poor population as seen in normal galaxies and one having formed during a recent dissipative galaxy merger.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00381", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00262", "text": "Flow instabilities are widely studied because of their economical and theoretical interest, however few results have been published about the polymer electrification during the extrusion. Nevertheless the generation of the electrical charges is characteristic of the interaction between the polymer melt and the die walls. In our study, the capillary extrusion of a metallocene polyethylene (mPE) through a tungsten carbide die is characterized through accurate electrical measurements thanks a Faraday pail. No significant charges are observed since the extrudate surface remains smooth. However, as soon as the sharkskin distortion appears, measurable charges are collected (around 5 10-8 C/m2). Higher level of charges are measured during the spurt or the gross-melt fracture (g.m.f) defects. This work is focused on the electrical charging during the sharkskin instability. The variation of the electrical charges versus the apparent wall shear stress is investigated for different die geometries. This curve exhibits a linear increase, followed by a sudden growth just before the onset of the spurt instability. This abrupt charging corresponds also to the end of the sharkskin instability. It is also well-known that wall slip appears just at the same time, with smaller velocity values than during spurt flow. Our results indicate that electrification a signature of the wall slip. We show also that the electrification curves can be shifted according to the time-temperature superposition principle, leading to the conclusion that molecular features of the polymer are also involved in this process.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 301, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00368", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00263", "text": "By combining the REFLEX and NORAS cluster datasets with the NVSS radio catalogue, we obtain a sample of 145, z<0.3, X-ray selected clusters brighter than 3 10^(-12) erg/s/cm^2 that show a central radio emission above 3 mJy. For virial masses M_vir<~10^(14.5) M_sun, 11 clusters out of 12 (corresponding to 92% of the systems) are inhabited by a central radio source. This fraction decreases with higher masses as M_vir^(-0.4) and suggests that the majority of X-ray selected clusters host in their centre a radio source brighter than about 10^(20) W/Hz/sr. A division of the sample into clusters harbouring either point-like or an extended radio-loud AGN reveals that the steepening of the L_X-T relation for low-temperature clusters is strongly associated with the presence of central radio objects with extended jets and/or lobe structures. In the latter case, L_X\\propto T^(4) while for point-like sources one recovers an approximately self-similar relation L_X\\propto T^(2.3). Monte Carlo simulations show that the steepening of the L_X-T relation is not caused by clusters being under-luminous in the X-ray band, but rather by overheating, most caused by the interplay between the extended radio structures and the intracluster medium. In the case of low-mass systems, we also find a tight correlation between radio luminosity and cluster temperature. The effects of the central radio source on the thermal state of a cluster become less important with increasing cluster mass. (Abridged) The luminosity distribution of the cluster radio population differs from that of all radio sources, as there is a deficit of low-luminosity (L_R<~10^(22) W/Hz/sr) objects, while the number of high-luminosity ones is boosted. The net effect on the radio luminosity function is of a flattening at all luminosities L_R<~ 10^(24) W/Hz/sr.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 442, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00115", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00264", "text": "Galaxy cluster merger statistics are an important component in understanding the formation of large-scale structure. Unfortunately, it is difficult to study merger properties and evolution directly because the identification of cluster mergers in observations is problematic. We use large N-body simulations to study the statistical properties of massive halo mergers, specifically investigating the utility of close halo pairs as proxies for mergers. We examine the relationship between pairs and mergers for a wide range of merger timescales, halo masses, and redshifts (0<z<1). We also quantify the utility of pairs in measuring merger bias. While pairs at very small separations will reliably merge, these constitute a small fraction of the total merger population. Thus, pairs do not provide a reliable direct proxy to the total merger population. We do find an intriguing universality in the relation between close pairs and mergers, which in principle could allow for an estimate of the statistical merger rate from the pair fraction within a scaled separation, but including the effects of redshift space distortions strongly degrades this relation. We find similar behavior for galaxy-mass halos, making our results applicable to field galaxy mergers at high redshift. We investigate how the halo merger rate can be statistically described by the halo mass function via the merger kernel (coagulation), finding an interesting environmental dependence of merging: halos within the mass resolution of our simulations merge less efficiently in overdense environments. Specifically, halo pairs with separations less than a few Mpc/h are more to merge in underdense environments; at larger separations, pairs are more to merge in overdense environments.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 323, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00213", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00265", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Improving Access to Nurse-Midwife Care Act of 2004''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) Medicare covers approximately 2 million women with disabilities that are of childbearing age. (2) Women with disabilities give birth to 50,000 children annually. (3) The Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research reports that these women are without appropriate access to primary care services. (4) Their average time between gynecological visits was 10- 12 years. (5) They were less to have received a recent mammogram. (6) The medicare program reimburses Certified Nurse Midwives (CNMs) at 65 percent of the physician fee schedule, on average, only $14 per annual exam. (7) CNMs who serve these women are forced to subsidize care with their own money or turn away patients because they cannot afford to operate at a financial loss. (8) Professional liability premiums for CNMs are skyrocketing, leaving no monies to subsidize care. (9) CNMs are forced to leave the marketplace as other public and private payers adopt Medicare payment policies. (10) Midwives are highly educated and available to serve this special population. SEC. 3. MEDICARE PAYMENT FOR CERTIFIED NURSE-MIDWIFE AND MIDWIFE SERVICES. (a) Certified Midwife, Certified Midwife Services Defined.--(1) Section 1861(gg) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(gg)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: ``(3) The term `certified midwife services' means such services furnished by a certified midwife (as defined in paragraph (4)) and such services and supplies furnished as an incident to the certified midwife's service which the certified midwife is legally authorized to perform under State law (or the State regulatory mechanism provided by State law) as would otherwise be payable under this title if furnished by a physician or as an incident to a physician's service. ``(4) The term `certified midwife' means an individual who has successfully completed a bachelor's degree from an accredited educational institution and a program of study and clinical experience meeting guidelines prescribed by the Secretary, or has been certified by an organization recognized by the Secretary.''. (2) The heading in section", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00887", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00266", "text": "From Texas Standard: On Saturday, members of the media received a press release titled: “Today Charlottesville, Tomorrow Texas A&M.” The message came from a group organizing a White Lives Matter rally featuring white nationalist Richard Spencer, scheduled to take place on September 11th at the Texas university. There's plenty of outrage on social media, and a counter-protest has already been planned. Adam Key, an organizer of BTHO Hate, says the counter-protest will be non-violent and is meant to challenge the hateful and bigoted ideology perpetuated by Spencer. Indeed, Key organized another protest to a Spencer event last December on campus, but says protesters weren’t allowed into the Memorial Student Center where he was speaking. “The goal of our protest was not to get in and disrupt his event. …We simply wanted to use our free speech to collectively represent our opposition to his ideas,” he says. Even in the midst of events like Charlottesville, when the stakes seem highest for opposition groups like BTHO Hate, Key says peaceful protest is the most important thing to do. “I understand that people are afraid after Charlottesville…but simultaneously, if we don’t speak up because we’re afraid, then they’ve already won,” he says. But there was violence in Charlottesville: A driver plowed through a crowd of counter-protesters, killing one person and injuring dozens. Some are criticizing the police for not doing enough to prevent physical clashes, but Key says he’s confident the same thing won’t happen at A&M. “I have great faith in the great men and women of the university police department. …I expect just like December, we’ll have state troopers there and I believe the FBI was there last time as well,” he says. For good measure, BTHO Hate’s protest will take place at a distance from the Spencer event. And there will be what he calls a “maroon wall,” or a human barrier, that will obscure onlookers’ view of the white lives matter rally. “Our goal is to have the two be separate things, to discourage the type of physical interaction that happened in Charlottesville,” Key says. Whatever BTHO Hate does to prevent violence, the Spencer event and counter-protest will draw extensive media attention, which could fuel tensions. Key is aware of that possibility, but says it’s still important his group speaks up to promote inclusivity, especially because of A&M’s historical exclusion of black students. “It’s incredibly", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00647", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00267", "text": "We bridge the properties of the regular square and honeycomb Voronoi tessellations of the plane to those of the Poisson-Voronoi case, thus analyzing in a common framework symmetry-break processes and the approach to uniformly random distributions of tessellation-generating points. We consider ensemble simulations of tessellations generated by points whose regular positions are perturbed through a Gaussian noise controlled by the parameter alpha. We study the number of sides, the area, and the perimeter of the Voronoi cells. For alpha>0, hexagons are the most common class of cells, and 2-parameter gamma distributions describe well the statistics of the geometrical characteristics. The symmetry break due to noise destroys the square tessellation, whereas the honeycomb hexagonal tessellation is very stable and all Voronoi cells are hexagon for small but finite noise with alpha<0.1. For a moderate amount of Gaussian noise, memory of the specific unperturbed tessellation is lost, because the statistics of the two perturbed tessellations is indistinguishable. When alpha>2, results converge to those of Poisson-Voronoi tessellations. The properties of n-sided cells change with alpha until the Poisson-Voronoi limit is reached for alpha>2. The Desch law for perimeters is confirmed to be not valid and a square root dependence on n is established. The ensemble mean of the cells area and perimeter restricted to the hexagonal cells coincides with the full ensemble mean; this imply that the number of sides acts as a thermodynamic state variable fluctuating about n=6; this reinforces the idea that hexagons, beyond their ubiquitous numerical prominence, can be taken as generic polygons in 2D Voronoi tessellations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00442", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00268", "text": "We present the results of a uniform analysis of the soft X-ray spectra of fifteen type I AGN observed with the high resolution X-ray gratings on board \\emph{Chandra}. We found that ten of the fifteen AGN exhibit signatures of an intrinsic ionized absorber. The absorbers are photoionized and outflowing, with velocities in the range $\\sim 10^{1}-10^{3}$ km $\\rm{s}^{-1}$. The column density of the warm absorbing gas is $\\sim 10^{20-23} \\rm{cm}^{-2}$. Nine of the ten AGN exhibiting warm absorption are best--fit by multiple ionization components and three of the ten AGN \\emph{require} multiple kinematic components. The warm absorbing gas in our AGN sample has a wide range of ionization parameter, spanning roughly four orders of magnitude ($\\xi \\sim 10^{0-4}$ ergs cm $\\rm{s}^{-1}$) in total, and often spanning three orders of magnitude in the same gas. Warm absorber components with ionization parameter $\\xi<10$ generate an unresolved transition array due to Fe in seven of the ten AGN exhibiting warm absorption. These low ionization state absorbers may also carry away the largest mass outflows from the AGN. The mass outflow rate depends critically on the volume filling factor of the gas, which cannot yet be directly measured. However, upper limits on the mass outflow ratesfor filling factors of unity can be much greater than the expected accretion rate onto the central supermassive black hole and filling factors as small as 1% can give outflow rates comparable to the accretion rate. There be a gap in the outflow velocities in our sample between $\\sim 300-500$ km $\\rm{s}^{-1}$, the origin of which is not clear. The outflow components with velocities below this gap tend to be associated with lower column densities than those with velocities above the gap.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 413, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00155", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00269", "text": "A discrete tensegrity framework can be thought of as a graph in Euclidean n-space where each edge is of one of three types: an edge with a fixed length (bar) or an edge with an upper (cable) or lower (strut) bound on its length. Roth and Whiteley, in their 1981 paper \"Tensegrity Frameworks\", showed that in certain cases, the struts and cables can be replaced with bars when analyzing the framework for infinitesimal rigidity. In that case we call the tensegrity \"bar equivalent\". In specific, they showed that if there exists a set of positive weights, called a positive \"stress\", on the edges such that the weighted sum of the edge vectors is zero at every vertex, then the tensegrity is bar equivalent. In this paper we consider an extended version of the tensegrity framework in which the vertex set is a (infinite) set of points in Euclidean n-space and the edgeset is a compact set of unordered pairs of vertices. These are called \"continuous tensegrities\". We show that if a continuous tensegrity has a strictly positive stress, it is bar equivalent and that it has a semipositive stress if and only if it is partially bar equivalent. We also show that if a tensegrity is minimally bar equivalent (it is bar equivalent but removing any open set of edges makes it no longer so), then it has a strictly positive stress. In particular, we examine the case where the vertices form a rectifiable curve and the possible motions of the curve are limited to local isometries of it. Our methods provide an attractive proof of the following result: There is no locally arclength preserving motion of a circle that increases any antipodal distance without decreasing some other one.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00076", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00270", "text": "US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo met Wednesday with Kim Yong Chol, a close aide to North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. The most senior North Korean to visit the US in almost 20 years, Kim opened negotiations with Pompeo to try and salvage what a historic meeting between US President Donald Trump and North Korea's Kim Jong Un. What we know about the meeting Pompeo and Kim Yong Chol met for about 90 minutes over dinner. The meeting took place inside a US diplomat's apartment on New York's East Side, just south of the United Nations headquarters. The US Secretary of State said the dinner \"was great\" and that the two men dined on \"American beef.\" Further details of the meeting were not immediately made available by either of the two sides. Read more: Donald Trump's steep learning curve on North Korea has a price Sticking point: The issue of denuclearization remains a major bone of contention between Pyongyang and Washington. The US has been demanding that North Korea dismantle its nuclear weapons program. Pyongyang argues that it needed nuclear weapons for its security. North Korea remains under international sanction because of its nuclear program. Hectic diplomacy: Who is Kim Yong Chol? What next? The meeting was part of a flurry of diplomatic efforts to restore the highly anticipated Trump-Kim summit in Singapore. As Pompeo and Kim Yong Chol were talking over dinner, teams of US officials were meeting their North Korean counterparts in Singapore and in the Korean Demilitarized Zone.A former North Korean spy chief, Kim Yong Chol is among the most trusted aides of the North Korean leader. He is a vice chairman of the North Korean ruling party's central committee. Kim Yong Chol has played a major role in the recent thaw in North Korea's relations with South Korea and the US. He joined Kim Jong Un in both his meetings with South Korean President Moon Jae-in in April and May. He also hosted Pompeo during his recent Pyongyang visits.Pompeo and Kim Yong Chol are expected to hold a series of meetings on Thursday to ascertain whether the meeting between Trump and Kim Jong Un, originally scheduled for June 12 but later canceled by Trump, can be restored. South Korean media speculated that Kim Yong Chol was carrying a personal letter from the North Korean leader and travel to Washington to deliver it to Trump in person. ap/rt (AFP, Reuters) Each evening at 1830 UTC, DW's editors send out a selection of the day's hard news", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00742", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00271", "text": "for the offense. (13) That conviction of an alleged offense not be based upon an act, offense, or omission that was not an offense under law when it was committed. (14) That the penalty for an offense not be greater than it was when the offense was committed. (15) That the accused-- (A) be presumed innocent until proven guilty, and (B) not be found guilty except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt. (16) That the accused not be compelled to confess guilt or testify against himself. (17) That, subject to subsections (c) and (d), the trial be open and public and include public availability of the transcripts of the trial and the pronouncement of judgment. (18) That a convicted person be informed of remedies and appeals and the time limits for the exercise of the person's rights to the remedies and appeals under the rules. (19) That a preliminary proceeding be held within 30 days of detention to determine whether there is jurisdiction under section 3 over the person and the offenses charged. The preliminary proceeding may be continued for an additional 30 days for good cause shown. (20) That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus under title 28, United States Code, or under any other provision of law not be infringed. (21) That the tribunal be comprised of a military judge and not less than five members. (b) Imposition of the Death Penalty.--The requirements of the Uniform Code of Military Justice for the imposition of the death penalty shall apply in any case in which a tribunal established under section 3 is requested to adjudge the death penalty. (c) Public Proceedings.--Any proceedings conducted by a tribunal established under section 3, and the proceedings on any appeal of an action of the tribunal, shall be accessible to the public consistent with any demonstrable necessity to secure the safety of observers, witnesses, tribunal judges, counsel, or other persons. (d) Confidentiality of Evidence.--Evidence available from an agency of the Federal Government that is offered in a trial by a tribunal established under section 3 may be kept secret from the public only when the head of the agency personally certifies in writing that disclosure will cause-- (1) identifiable harm to the prosecution of military objectives or interfere with the capture of members of al Qaeda anywhere; (2) significant, identifiable harm to intelligence sources or methods; or (3) substantial risk that such evidence used for planning future terrorist", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00862", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00272", "text": "(Abridged) We use 3D SPH calculations with higher resolution, as well as with more realistic viscosity and sound-speed prescriptions than previous work to examine the eccentric instability which underlies the superhump phenomenon in semi-detached binaries. We illustrate the importance of the two-armed spiral mode in the generation of superhumps. Differential motions in the fluid disc cause converging flows which lead to strong spiral shocks once each superhump cycle. The dissipation associated with these shocks powers the superhump. We compare 2D and 3D results, and conclude that 3D simulations are necessary to faithfully simulate the disc dynamics. We ran our simulations for unprecedented durations, so that an eccentric equilibrium is established except at high mass ratios where the growth rate of the instability is very low. Our improved simulations give a closer match to the observed relationship between superhump period excess and binary mass ratio than previous numerical work. The observed black hole X-ray transient superhumpers have systematically lower disc precession rates than the cataclysmic variables. This due to higher disc temperatures and thicknesses. The modulation in total viscous dissipation on the superhump period is overwhelmingly from the region of the disc within the 3:1 resonance radius. As the eccentric instability develops, the viscous torques are enhanced, and the disc consequently adjusts to a new equilibrium state, as suggested in the thermal-tidal instability model. We quantify this enhancement in the viscosity, which is ~10 per cent for q=0.08. We characterise the eccentricity distributions in our accretion discs, and show that the entire body of the disc partakes in the eccentricity.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00037", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00273", "text": "click the Command Prompt (Admin) menu entry. Type this application name at the prompt and press Enter: gpedit.msc That will open the Group Editor. Next, navigate to this entry: Computer Configuration | Administrative Templates | Windows Components | OneDrive You should see a screen similar to Figure C. Figure C Double-click Prevent The Usage Of OneDrive For File Storage to reach the dialog box shown in Figure D. Figure D Click the Enabled button, click OK, and reboot your device. When that reboot is complete, there should be no OneDrive application running and no icon in the system tray. Now repeat the process but change the dialog box setting shown in Figure D back to Not Configured and reboot again. This little trick fixed my ghost in the machine problem and left me running just one version, the correct Office 365 version of OneDrive. Smooth sailing After I removed the extra version of the syncing software, SharePoint became more responsive, files no longer failed to sync for unexplained reasons, and the computer began booting in a reasonable amount of time. I finally feel like I can actually take advantage of SharePoint's full range of features. If you are having problems with SharePoint or OneDrive, you should check to see whether you have more than one cloud icon in the system tray—you may have a conflict to sort out. Get more Windows news, tips, and how-to's delivered to your inbox. Sign up for TechRepublic's Microsoft Weekly newsletter. Subscribe Also read... Your take Have you run into any issues with OneDrive syncing? Share your advice and experiences with fellow TechRepublic members.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00568", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00274", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Medicare Chronic Kidney Disease Management Act of 2002''. SEC. 2. DELAYING ONSET OF ESRD. (a) Medicare Coverage of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.-- (1) In general.--Section 226A of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 426-1) is amended-- (A) by redesignating the last subsection as subsection (e); and (B) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsection: ``(d)(1)(A) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in section 226 or title XVIII, every qualified chronic kidney disease patient (as defined in paragraph (2)) shall, in accordance with the succeeding provisions of this section, be entitled to benefits under part A and eligible to enroll under part B of title XVIII, subject to the deductible, premium, and coinsurance provisions of that title. ``(B) No qualified chronic kidney disease patient may enroll under part C of title XVIII. ``(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``qualified chronic kidney disease patient'' means an individual-- ``(A) who would otherwise be described in subsection (a) but for paragraph (2) of that subsection; ``(B) who has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease; ``(C) with respect to whom, a physician certifies that-- ``(i) the individual, under generally accepted clinical standards, will need dialysis treatments or a kidney transplant within the two-year period beginning on the date of certification; and ``(ii) the individual may benefit from a program of pre-ESRD services (as defined in section 1861(ww)(1)); and ``(D) who certifies that the individual does not have health insurance coverage.''. (2) Conforming amendments.--Section 1811 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395c) is amended by inserting before the period the following: ``or who are qualified chronic kidney disease patient (as defined in section 226A(d)(2))''. (3) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect January 1, 2004. (b) Coverage of pre-ESRD Services.-- (1) In general.--Section 1861(s)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(s)(2)) is amended-- (A) by", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00997", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00275", "text": "The paper is considering an opportunity for the CERN/GranSasso (CNGS) neutrino complex, concurrent time-wise with T2K and NOvA, to search for theta_13 oscillations and CP violation. Compared with large water Cherenkov (T2K) and fine grained scintillators (NOvA), the LAr-TPC offers a higher detection efficiency and a lower backgrounds, since virtually all channels may be unambiguously recognized. The present proposal, called MODULAr, describes a 20 kt fiducial volume LAr-TPC, following very closely the technology developed for the ICARUS-T60o, and is focused on the following activities, for which we seek an extended international collaboration: (1) the neutrino beam from the CERN 400 GeV proton beam and an optimised horn focussing, eventually with an increased intensity in the framework of the LHC accelerator improvement program; (2) A new experimental area LNGS-B, of at least 50000 m3 at 10 km off-axis from the main Laboratory, eventually upgradable to larger sizes. A location is under consideration at about 1.2 km equivalent water depth; (3) A new LAr Imaging detector of at least 20 kt fiducial mass. Such an increase in the volume over the current ICARUS T600 needs to be carefully considered. It is concluded that a very large mass is best realised with a set of many identical, independent units, each of 5 kt, \"cloning\" the technology of the T600. Further phases may foresee extensions of MODULAr to meet future physics goals. The experiment reasonably be operational in about 4/5 years, provided a new hall is excavated in the vicinity of the Gran Sasso Laboratory and adequate funding and participation are made available.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 382, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00033", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00276", "text": "that conflict is reflected in the makeup of each legislative chamber, Ramsey says. “A long time ago we had a two-party state and both parties were Democrats,” he says. “And now we’ve got a two-party state where both parties are Republicans. The House is sort of the traditional, mainstream Republican party...The Senate is dominated more by movement conservatives, social conservatives and populists. And the two leaders of those bodies, Joe Straus in the House and Dan Patrick in the Senate, kind of embody those different Republican parties.” Ramsey says there’s also a difference in the way the chambers move through their work. “The Senate tends to work more quickly, in a more populist way,” he says. “The House tends to be the place where things slow down, and get a slow consideration and pass and die. “ Of course, there is another party represented in the Legislature. Ramsey says Democrats have had limited success in advocating for their priorities. “The Democrats have a bigger voice in the House,” Ramsey says. “They have bigger numbers. They’re more to vote against things and rattle around and make people come to them to make deals.” A few measures have attracted bipartisan support, Ramsey says, and two are priorities for the governor as well. One of these is anti-sanctuary city legislation, which Ramsey thinks will be approved by both houses. Fixes to the state’s child protective services system are also on the governor's emergency agenda, and Ramsey expects the chambers to pass legislation. “It looks like the members of both houses from both parties agree that child protective services in Texas is messed up, and needs some help, and needs some money,” he says. “And they’ve done both of those things. They’ve got some legislation moving. They’re throwing a bunch of money at it.” Written by Shelly Brisbin.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 371, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00670", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00277", "text": "high marks almost every other feature received in the survey. But Siri's very low score dovetails with the years of complaints users have had with how Siri functions. The Street's Leon Lazaroff wrote that Siri's main problem is a consumer base expecting it to function like other virtual assistants, which it cannot do because it was designed for a very specific purpose. \"Siri's job is to integrate those devices, it's meant to grease the connections between Apple devices, making the iPhone integral to the iPad, AppleWatch and AppleTV — and all points in between,\" Lazaroff wrote. \"The problem for Apple is that people have come to expect a voice-activated device that can answer relatively easy questions fast and efficiently, and Siri...has mostly fallen short.\" Siri's inability to answer basic questions like Amazon's Alexa, Microsoft's Cortana, and Google Assistant has left users confused about what the feature is actually supposed to do. Verge journalist Walt Mossberg wrote in 2016 that Apple \"wasted its lead\" with Siri and was too slow to add features and functionality that its rivals had already mastered. \"Siri's huge promise has been shrunk to just making voice calls and sending messages to contacts, and getting the weather, using voice commands. If you try and treat Siri like a truly intelligent assistant, aware of the wider world, it often fails, even though Apple presentations and its Siri website suggest otherwise,\" Mossberg wrote. A study done by Stone Temple last year found that Siri \"only answered 21.7 percent of questions and nailed 62.2 percent of them completely, correctly,\" noting that \"Alexa and Siri both face the limitation of not being able to leverage a full crawl of the web to supplement their knowledge bases. It will be interesting to see how they both address that challenge.\" Despite the challenges with Siri, Apple should be heartened to know that most users gave the iPhone X very high scores on almost everything else, and Bajarin said Apple is set up nicely for the future. \"Overall, the data we collected around iPhone X show that if Apple is truly using this product as the baseline for innovation for the next decade, then they are off to a strong start and have built a solid foundation,\" Bajarin wrote in the report. Bajarin later added: \"If Apple can bring Siri back to a leadership position and in combination continue to build on the hardware and software around iPhone X base foundation, then they will remain well", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00559", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00278", "text": "There's an unplanned experiment going on in the northern Rocky Mountains. What's happening is that spring is arriving earlier, and it's generally warmer and drier than usual. And that's messing with some of the fish that live there. The fish is the iconic cutthroat trout. It's a native North American fish that thrives in cold, small streams. Explorer Meriwether Lewis of Lewis and Clark Expedition fame was among the first European-Americans to catch this spangly, spotted fish. He used deer spleen as bait. It's relative rarity now makes it a favorite for catch-and-release anglers. But biologists have now found that it's in danger. The much more common rainbow trout is invading cutthroat streams and mating with the native fish. Ecologist Clint Muhlfeld says that creates hybrids. \"It jumbles up the genes that are linked to the locally adapted traits that these fish have evolved with,\" says Muhlfeld, who's with the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Montana's Flathead Lake Biological Station. Those traits have allowed cutthroats to survive through millennia in cold northern streams. And cold streams were thought to protect them from rainbows, which prefer warmer water. But climate change is warming many high-altitude streams, and they frequently have less water, another change that favors rainbows. So they're moving in. Muhlfeld says that when rainbows and cutthroats breed, the resulting hybrids are feeble — \"less fit,\" in biological terms. \"They don't survive as well as the native fish,\" he says. And hybrids that do survive continue to make more hybrids; there's no going back to making cutthroats again. Writing in the journal Global Change Biology, Muhlfeld and a team of scientists from several research institutions studied fish in hundreds of locations in the northern Rockies. Hybridization was widespread. It was most common in places where fish and game departments have introduced rainbow trout, a practice that goes back to the 19th century. Some states are trying to solve the problem by getting rid of rainbow trout. That not please some anglers, but Muhlfeld says the cutthroat species could disappear otherwise. \"There are so many places around the world where you can go catch a rainbow trout,\" he says; it's been introduced all over the world. \"There's very few places where you can actually go and catch a native fish that's been around for", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00615", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00279", "text": "generation. ``(2) Administration.--In preparing for and selecting demonstration projects, the Secretary shall consult with reactor designers, utilities, engineering, and manufacturing firms to-- ``(A) determine the optimum use of thorium in different reactor types; ``(B) prioritize thorium-based fuel cycle options that take advantage of existing nuclear power infrastructure and deployed in support of light water reactors like reactors used in the United States in the near term; ``(C) license the manufacture of thorium-based fuels; ``(D) qualify and license thorium-based fuel for use in commercial reactors; and ``(E) develop and maintain databases necessary for United States industry and regulators to safely license and use advanced fuels. ``(e) International Partnerships and Incentives.--Not later than December 31, 2011, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report providing recommendations with respect to methods of-- ``(1) strengthening international partnerships to advance nuclear nonproliferation through the design and deployment of thorium fuel cycle nuclear power generation; and ``(2) providing incentives to nuclear reactor operators to use proliferation-resistant, low-waste thorium fuels in lieu of other fuels. ``(f) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Chairman, shall submit to Congress a report describing, with respect to the preceding calendar year-- ``(1) progress made in implementing this section; and ``(2) activities carried out by the Department and Commission pursuant to this section. ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $250,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2011 through 2016.''. (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 11 f. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(f)) is amended by striking ``Atomic Energy Commission'' and inserting ``Nuclear Regulatory Commission''.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 395, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01046", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00280", "text": "Exemption.--The Administrator may exempt from the requirement of a fee under this section any sale made under a contract or an arrangement that the Administrator determines is to result in the maximum reuse of significant components of the computer, monitor, or device, and the disposal of the remaining components-- (1) in an environmentally sound and responsible manner; (2) without violation of any Federal or State law; and (3) without reliance on funding from State or local governments, when the computer, monitor, or device is no longer of use to the end- user. (f) Designation of Electronic Devices.--The Administrator may designate additional electronic devices to which the fee under subsection (a) shall apply if those electronic devices-- (1) contain a significant amount of material that, when disposed of, would be hazardous waste; and (2) include one or more liquid crystal displays, cathode ray tubes, or circuit boards. SEC. 4. GRANTS. (a) Uses of Fee Amounts.--Amounts collected under section 3 shall be used, to the extent provided in advance in appropriations Acts, by the Administrator for-- (1) covering the costs of administration of this Act; and (2) making grants under subsection (b). Not more than 10 percent of the funds available pursuant to this Act for any fiscal year may be used for costs described in paragraph (1). (b) Grant Purposes.--The Administrator shall make grants with funds collected under section 3 to individuals or organizations (including units of local government) for-- (1) collecting or processing used computers, monitors, or other designated devices for recycling purposes; (2) reusing or reselling such computers, monitors, or devices, or components thereof; and (3) extracting and using, or selling for reuse, raw materials from such computers, monitors, or devices. (c) Eligibility.--An individual or organization shall be eligible for a grant under subsection (b) only if the individual or organization provides assurances to the satisfaction of the Administrator that it will carry out the grant purposes in a manner that complies with all applicable Federal and State environmental and health laws. (d) Selection Criteria.--In selecting proposals for grants under subsection (b), the Administrator shall consider-- (1) the quantity of used computers, monitors, or other designated devices that will be diverted from landfills; (2) the estimated cost per unit of the collection, processing, reuse, or sale proposed;", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01038", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00281", "text": ") to prevent an undue risk of bodily, emotional, or financial harm to individuals. For purposes of subparagraph (B), the Commission shall consider the nature, likelihood, and severity of the anticipated harm; the nature, likelihood, and extent of any benefits that realized from the sale or purchase of the numbers; and any other relevant factors. (3) Exceptions.--The regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include exceptions which permit the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers-- (A) to the extent necessary for law enforcement or national security purposes; (B) to the extent necessary for public health purposes; (C) to the extent necessary in emergency situations to protect the health or safety of 1 or more individuals; (D) to the extent necessary for research conducted for the purpose of advancing public knowledge, on the condition that the researcher provides adequate assurances that-- (i) the Social Security numbers or Social Security account numbers will not be used to harass, target, or publicly reveal information concerning any identifiable individuals; (ii) information about identifiable individuals obtained from the research will not be used to make decisions that directly affect the rights, benefits, or privileges of specific individuals; and (iii) the researcher has in place appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy and confidentiality of any information about identifiable individuals; (E) to the extent consistent with an individual's voluntary and affirmative written consent to the sale or purchase of a Social Security number or Social Security account number that has been assigned to that individual; and (F) under other appropriate circumstances as the Commission may determine and as are consistent with the findings in section 2 and the principles in paragraph (2). (c) Rulemaking.-- (1) Deadline for action.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate the regulations under subsection (b) of this section, in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code. (2) Effective dates.--Subsection (a) and the regulations promulgated under subsection (b) shall take effect 30 days after the date on which the final regulations issued under this section are published in the Federal Register. (d) Enforcement.--Any violation of a regulation promulgated under subsection (b) of this section shall be treated as a violation of a regulation under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00968", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00282", "text": ". 3. NodeJS NodeJS provides a server-side environment for executing JavaScript, the language commonly used for scripting in web browsers. IOActive found that NodeJS' built-in error messages for its require function exploited to determine whether a file name existed on the machine and to leak the first line of files on a system—potentially useful information for an attacker. 4. JRuby The Java implementation of the Ruby programming language was found to allow remote code execution in a way that isn't possible in Ruby as a base language. By calling executable Ruby code using a specific function in JRuby, IOActive was able to get the function to execute an operating system command, the Linux command id, by loading a file on a remote server. 5. PHP The venerable server scripting language was used to call an operating system command, again the Linux command id, using the shell_exec() function and exploiting the way PHP handles the names of constants. \"Depending on how the PHP application has been developed, this may lead to remote command execution,\" say researchers. That said, many web admins have long known the potential risk posed by PHP's shell_exec() function, and how to disable it. Exploitable flaws in each programming language were identified using a tool called a differential fuzzer, which was designed to automatically find vulnerabilities. The fuzzer works by running through a large array of scenarios in each language, calling each of the languages' native functions with a wide variety of different arguments and observing the results. Keep up to date on all of the newest tech trends. Click here to subscribe to the TechRepublic Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00525", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00283", "text": "The Standard Model of particle physics explains (almost) all observed non-gravitational microscopic phenomena but has many open theoretical questions. We are on the threshold of unraveling the mysteries of the Standard Model and discovering its extension. This achieved in the near future with the help of many experiments in particle physics and cosmology, the LHC in particular. Assuming that data confirming the existence of new physics beyond the Standard Model is obtained, one is left with the very important and challenging task of solving the \"Inverse Problem\", \\emph{viz.} \"How can one deduce the nature of the underlying (microscopic) theory from data?\" This thesis explores this question in detail, and also proposes an approach to address the problem in a meaningful way which could prove crucial to the possible solution to this problem in the future. The proposed approach has three aspects - a) To systematically study classes of microscopic (string/$M$ theory) constructions to the extent that they connected to low energy physics (electroweak scale), b) To find patterns of experimental observables which are sensitive to the properties of the underlying theoretical constructions thereby allowing us to distinguish among different constructions, and c) To try to get insights about the qualitative features of the theoretical model from data in a bottom-up approach which complements the top-down approach and strengthens it as well. This thesis studies all the above aspects in detail. The methods used and results obtained in this thesis will hopefully be of great importance in solving the Inverse Problem.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 301, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00245", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00284", "text": "med. Demand for the 10-year Treasury has risen, and so its yield has dropped, reducing mortgage rates with it. Other factors can also keep rates low. When global investors grow nervous, they often pour money into Treasurys because they're seen as ultra-safe. That buying pressure holds down Treasury rates. ___ Q. So where will home loan rates go from here? A. Hard to tell. The Fed expects to lift its benchmark rate one more time this year and three times in 2018. Eventually, those increases should put upward pressure on mortgage rates, but it's impossible to say when. Mortgage rates are still very low by historical standards. Before the Great Recession, the 30-year rate had never dipped below 5 percent. ___ Q. How could the Fed's actions affect other countries around the world? A. Higher rates in the United States tend to attract more investment from overseas. The European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan are still keeping their benchmark rates near zero to try to stimulate those economies. So investors can earn more by investing in dollar-denominated assets. That inflow pushes up the value of the dollar, which can make U.S. exports costlier overseas. It can also pull money out of developing countries, where rates are usually higher but government bonds carry more risk. A flow of funds out of developing nations can lower their currencies relative to the dollar, making it harder for businesses in those nations to repay debts they have incurred in dollars. ___ Q. My credit rating isn't so great. How will I be affected? A. Doug Amis, a certified financial planner in Cary, North Carolina, says consumers with less-than-sterling credit can expect to pay more, especially when financing the purchase of a used car. \"There's going to be an opportunity to increase those rates higher,\" Amis said. \"So if you have poor credit, this is going to impact you.\" Still, even with another rate hike, the impact on consumers and businesses is to remain mild, as rates remain very low, relative to years ago, Amis noted. ___ Q. Have the Fed's moves boosted the puny rates available for savers? A. In a few cases, yes. McBride says some smaller banks are starting to offer higher rates on CDs and savings accounts than larger banks are. The huge national banks already have \"more deposits than they know what to do with,\" McBride said, so haven't lifted", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00701", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00285", "text": "Observations by the Cores to Disk Legacy Team with the Spitzer Space Telescope have identified a low luminosity, mid-infrared source within the dense core, Lynds 1014, which was previously thought to harbor no internal source. Followup near-infrared and submillimeter interferometric observations have confirmed the protostellar nature of this source by detecting scattered light from an outflow cavity and a weak molecular outflow. In this paper, we report the detection of cm continuum emission with the VLA. The emission is characterized by a quiescent, unresolved 90 uJy 6 cm source within 0.2\" of the Spitzer source. The spectral index of the quiescent component is $\\alpha = 0.37\\pm 0.34$ between 6 cm and 3.6 cm. A factor of two increase in 6 cm emission was detected during one epoch and circular polarization was marginally detected at the $5\\sigma$ level with Stokes {V/I} $= 48 \\pm 16$% . We have searched for 22 GHz H2O maser emission toward L1014-IRS, but no masers were detected during 7 epochs of observations between June 2004 and December 2006. L1014-IRS be a low-mass, accreting protostar which exhibits cm emission from a thermal jet or a wind, with a variable non-thermal emission component. The quiescent cm radio emission is noticeably above the correlation of 3.6 cm and 6 cm luminosity versus bolometric luminosity, indicating more radio emission than expected. We characterize the cm continuum emission in terms of observations of other low-mass protostars, including updated correlations of centimeter continuum emission with bolometric luminosity and outflow force, and discuss the implications of recent larger distance estimates on the physical attributes of the protostar and dense molecular core.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 395, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00145", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00286", "text": "We present a systematic study of quantum phases in a one-dimensional spin-polarized Fermi gas. Three comparative theoretical methods are used to explore the phase diagram at zero temperature: the mean-field theory with either an order parameter in a single-plane-wave form or a self-consistently determined order parameter using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, as well as the exact soluble Bethe ansatz method. We find that a spatially inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase, which lies between the fully paired BCS state and the fully polarized normal state, dominates most of the phase diagram of a uniform gas. The phase transition from the BCS state to the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase is of second order, and therefore there are no phase separation states in one-dimensional homogeneous polarized gases. This is in sharp contrast to the three-dimensional situation, where a phase separation regime is predicted to occupy a very large space in the phase diagram. We conjecture that the prediction of the dominance of the phase separation phases in three dimension an artifact of the non-self-consistent mean-field approximation, which is heavily used in the study of three-dimensional polarized Fermi gases. We consider also the effect of a harmonic trapping potential on the phase diagram, and find that in this case the trap generally leads to phase separation, in accord with the experimental observations for a trapped gas in three dimension. We finally investigate the local fermionic density of states of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov ansatz. A two-energy-gap structure is shown up, which used as an experimental probe of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00402", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00287", "text": "The formalism of non-standard four-fermion interactions provides a convenient, model-independent way of parameterizing a wide class of ``new physics'' scenarios. In this article, we study the performance of reactor and superbeam neutrino experiments in the presence of such non-standard interactions (NSI). Due to interference between the standard and non-standard amplitudes, sizeable effects are to be expected if the NSI parameters are close to their current upper limits. We derive approximate formulas for the relevant oscillation probabilities including NSI, and show how the leading effects can be understood intuitively even without any calculations. We will present a classification of all possible NSI according to their impact on reactor and superbeam experiments, and it will turn out that these experiments are highly complementary in terms of their sensitivity to the non-standard parameters. The second part of the paper is devoted to detailed numerical simulations, which will demonstrate how a standard oscillation fit of the mixing angle theta-13 may fail if experimental data is affected by NSI. We find that for some non-standard terms, reactor and superbeam experiments would yield seemingly conflicting results, while in other cases, they may agree well with each other, but the resulting value for theta-13 far from the true value. This offset may be so large that the true theta-13 is even ruled out erroneously. In the last section of the paper, we demonstrate that reactor and superbeam data can actually establish the presence of non-standard interactions. Throughout our discussion, we pay special attention to the impact of the complex phases, and of the near detectors.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00423", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00288", "text": "Malaria and other parasites, including virus often induce an increase in host lipids which the invaders use to their own advantage. We obtained encouraging results in our investigations on bird malaria with a new approach namely the use of nanosilica to mop up excess host lipids. While this project is continuing we have investigated another, simpler system namely silkworms which suffer from a deadly baculovirus, BmNPV. This virus decimates the infected population within 24 hours or so and no known antibiotic antidote or genetically resistant strain of silkworm3 exists. We report here a partial success, which is worth following up. Our rationale, we believe, has a broad and interdisciplinary appeal, for, this nanosilica treatment be used together with other arsenals on all sorts of virus which take advantage of enhanced host lipids. It has not escaped our notice that Ebola and HIV also belong to this category. Nanoparticles are being preferentially harnessed, because they offer a greater surface area, circulate more easily and in lepidopteran system4 they are removed within 24 hours from the body. Lawry surmised, on cogent theoretical grounds that particles significantly smaller than micron order would be less harmful in the hemocoele. Furthermore, Hui-peng et al. pointed out that lipase treatment, the only viable option for controlling BmNPV interferes in hormonal balance and cannot be applied to pre molting stage.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 301, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00369", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00289", "text": "Herein the transient lunar phenomena (TLP) report database is subjected to a discriminating statistical filter robust against sites of spurious reports, and produces a restricted sample that may be largely reliable. This subset is highly correlated geographically with the catalog of outgassing events seen by the Apollo 15, 16 and Lunar Prospector alpha-particle spectrometers for episodic Rn-222 gas release. Both this robust TLP sample and even the larger, unfiltered sample are highly correlated with the boundary between mare and highlands, as are both deep and shallow moonquakes, as well as Po-210, a long-lived product of Rn-222 decay and a further tracer of outgassing. This offers another significant correlation relating TLPs and outgassing, and may tie some of this activity to sagging mare basalt plains (mascons). Additionally, low-level but significant TLP activity is connected to recent, major impact craters (while moonquakes are not), which may indicate the effects of cracks caused by the impacts, or avalanches, allowing release of gas. The majority of TLP (and Rn-222) activity, however, is confined to one site that produced much of the basalt in the Procellarum Terrane, and it plausible that this TLP activity may be tied to residual outgassing from the formerly largest volcanic ffusion sites from the deep lunar interior. With the coming in the next few years of robotic spacecraft followed by human exploration, the study of TLPs and outgassing is both promising and imperiled. We will have an unprecedented pportunity to study lunar outgassing, but will also deal with a greater burden of anthropogenic lunar gas than ever produced. There is a pressing need to study lunar atmosphere and its sources while still pristine. [Abstract abridged.]", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 376, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00295", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00290", "text": "We employ X-ray stacking techniques to examine the contribution from X-ray undetected, mid-infrared-selected sources to the unresolved, hard (6-8 keV) cosmic X-ray background (CXB). We use the publicly available, 24 micron Spitzer Space Telescope MIPS catalogs from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) - North and South fields, which are centered on the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North and the 1 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South, to identify bright (S_24 > 80 microJy) mid-infrared sources that may be powered by heavily obscured AGNs. We measure a significant stacked X-ray signal in all of the X-ray bands examined, including, for the first time, a significant (3.2 sigma) 6-8 keV stacked X-ray signal from an X-ray undetected source population. We find that the X-ray-undetected MIPS sources make up about 2% (or less) of the total CXB below 6 keV, but about 6% in the 6-8 keV band. The 0.5-8 keV stacked X-ray spectrum is consistent with a hard power-law (Gamma = 1.44 +/- 0.07), with the spectrum hardening at higher X-ray energies. Our findings show that these bright MIPS sources do contain obscured AGNs, but are not the primary source of the unresolved 50% of 6-8 keV CXB. Our study rules out obscured, luminous QSOs as a significant source of the remaining unresolved CXB and suggests that it most arises from a large population of obscured, high-redshift (z > 1), Seyfert-luminosity AGNs.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 361, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00149", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00291", "text": "countries and new regulatory decisions and policies that may affect regulatory outcomes; and (9) conducting joint training on subjects that affect and strengthen seafood inspection effectiveness by Federal authorities. SEC. 3. CERTIFIED LABORATORIES. Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall increase the number of laboratories certified to the standards of the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and in countries that export seafood to the United States for the purpose of analyzing seafood and ensuring that it complies with Federal law. Such laboratories may include Federal, State, and private facilities. The Secretary of commerce shall publish in the Federal Register a list of certified laboratories, and shall update the list, and publish the updated list, no less frequently than annually. SEC. 4. NOAA LABORATORIES. In any fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall increase the number and capacity of laboratories operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration involved in carrying out testing and other activities under this Act to the extent the Secretary determines that increased laboratory capacity is necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act and as provided for in appropriations Acts. SEC. 5. CONTAMINATED SEAFOOD. (a) Refusal of Entry.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall issue an order refusing admission into the United States of all imports of seafood or seafood products originating from a country or exporter if the Secretary determines, on the basis of reliable evidence, that shipments of such seafood or seafood products is not to meet the requirements of Federal law. (b) Increased Testing.--If the Secretary determines, on the basis of reliable evidence that seafood imports originating from a country may not meet the requirements of Federal law, and determines that there is a lack of adequate certified laboratories to provide for the entry of shipments pursuant to section 3, then the Secretary shall order an increase in the percentage of shipments tested of seafood originating from such country to improve detection of potential violations of such requirements. (c) Allowance of Individual Shipments From Exporting Country or Exporter.--Notwithstanding an order under subsection (a) with respect to seafood originating from a country or exporter, the Secretary may permit individual shipments of seafood originating in that country or from that exporter to be admitted into the United States if-- (1) the exporter presents evidence from a laboratory certified by the Secretary that a shipment of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00957", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00292", "text": "are taking a wait and see approach.\" Some of the bigger players like Facebook, Google, and Amazon are going to be the canaries in the coal mine, Rickard said. \"that they'll have actions taken on them first, and people are going to wait and see if the actual GDPR penalties play out the way that they've been published.\" Companies that fail to comply with GDPR will face a penalty of either 4% of their global revenue or €20 million, whichever is greater. Here are five types of policies that companies must ensure they have in place and have trained employees on in the age of GDPR, according to Rickard. 1. Encryption policies Most companies lack policies around data encryption, Rickard said. \"Most people who are data owners are unaware of whether their data is encrypted at rest or not,\" he added. \"GDPR is big on encryption at rest.\" SEE: Encryption policy (Tech Pro Research) 2. Acceptable use policies An acceptable use policy should covers things like what applications are allowed, what web searching and social media habits are appropriate for the business, and the potential threats to brand reputation, Rickard said. 3. Password policies Passwords remain a common digital entry point into an organization for hackers. Even if, in the best case scenario, employees use complex passwords that are changed often and not shared, human error and carelessness can still put a business at risk. \"One of the easiest ways to breach a company is to put somebody on the janitorial staff and go looking at desks,\" Rickard said. \"People often have Post-it notes on monitors with passwords on them.\" 4. Email policies IT should have an email policy in place that hardens systems and can detect spam and viruses, Rickard said. \"The kind of information that can be disclosed via email should be spelled out very clearly,\" he added. 5. Data processing policies Companies need to do data process flow mapping to see what data is being collected, how it's being processed, and who is receiving processed copies, Rickard said. \"GDPR closes all those gaps,\" he added. Employee training is paramount for ensuring these policies are enforced, Rickard said. Raising awareness of the threat landscape and common vulnerabilities can help counteract human error. \"Security awareness and training is the cornerstone of any security program,\" he added. For tips on how to best train employees on cybersecurity practices, click here. Stay up to date on all", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00512", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00293", "text": "of support for the claim by stating whether evidence in support of the claim is less than conclusive, e.g., that evidence in support of the claim is preliminary and inconclusive, suggestive but not conclusive, or generally accepted but not yet proven to a conclusive degree. ``(3) Independent Scientific Reviewers must complete their reviews within 180 days of receipt of a health claim petition from the Secretary. ``(4) To qualify to be an Independent Scientific Reviewer you must certify in writing under penalty of perjury that-- ``(A) you hold a Ph.D., an M.D., or both, and have been employed full-time for at least the past 5 consecutive years as a professor, assistant professor, or associate professor in a department of medicine, biochemistry, epidemiology, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, or nutrition at a university that is accredited by an organization recognized by the Department of Education of the United States; ``(B) you have never been employed by, and have never been contracted to do work for, the Food and Drug Administration or any other agency or office of the Department of Health and Human Services (except to review health claim petitions) or for the health claim petitioner; ``(C) you will evaluate any health claim petition submitted to you in strict accordance with the criteria specified in section 403D; ``(D) you will not discuss with any person the fact that you are reviewing the health claim petition or the substance of the petition or the substance of the evaluation before you submit a complete written evaluation of the health claim to the Secretary; ``(E) you will complete your review of the health claim petition and will supply your complete written evaluation of it along with all scientific evidence reviewed to the Secretary no later than 180 days after receipt of the health claim petition from the Secretary; and ``(F) you will exercise independent professional judgment, free of any external influence and any unscientific bias that interfere with the objective evaluation of the health claim. ``(5) Failure to abide by the above rules will result in disbarment from the Independent Scientific Review program and disallowance of all compensation for any review undertaken. ``(b) Confirmation of Independent Scientific Reviewer Status.--No later than 30 days after the Secretary determines that a health claim meets the criteria established in section 3 of the Health Information Independence Act for government approval, including the certifications required under subsection (a)(4) of this section, from a person who seeks to serve as an Independent Scientific Reviewer, the Secretary", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01056", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00294", "text": "Recent rapid localizations of short, hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Swift and HETE satellites have led to the observation of the first afterglows and the measurement of the first redshifts from this type of burst. Detection of >100 GeV counterparts would place powerful constraints on GRB mechanisms. Seventeen short duration (< 5 s) GRBs detected by satellites occurred within the field of view of the Milagro gamma-ray observatory between 2000 January and 2006 December. We have searched the Milagro data for >100 GeV counterparts to these GRBs and find no significant emission correlated with these bursts. Due to the absorption of high-energy gamma rays by the extragalactic background light (EBL), detections are only expected for redshifts less than ~0.5. While most long duration GRBs occur at redshifts higher than 0.5, the opposite is thought to be true of short GRBs. Lack of a detected VHE signal thus allows setting meaningful fluence limits. One GRB in the sample (050509b) has a association with a galaxy at a redshift of 0.225, while another (051103) has been tentatively linked to the nearby galaxy M81. Fluence limits are corrected for EBL absorption, either using the known measured redshift, or computing the corresponding absorption for a redshift of 0.1 and 0.5, as well as for the case of z=0.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 307, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00140", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00295", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Creating Access to Rides Act''. SEC. 2. GRANTS FOR LOW-INCOME CAR OWNERSHIP PROGRAMS. (a) In General.--Section 403(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 603(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(6) Grants for low-income car ownership programs.-- ``(A) Purposes.--The purposes of this paragraph are to-- ``(i) assist low-income families obtain dependable, affordable automobiles to improve their employment opportunities and access to training; and ``(ii) provide incentives to States, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, localities, and nonprofit entities to develop and administer programs that provide assistance with automobile ownership for low-income families. ``(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph: ``(i) Locality.--The term `locality' means a municipality that does not administer a State program funded under this part. ``(ii) Low-income families.--The term `low- income families' means families with total income of not more than 200 percent of the poverty line (as defined in section 673(2) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, including any revision required by such section applicable to a family of the size involved). ``(iii) Nonprofit entity.--The term `nonprofit entity' means a school, local agency, organization, or institution owned and operated by 1 or more nonprofit corporations or associations, no part of the net earnings of which inures, or may lawfully inure, to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual. ``(C) Authority to award grants.--The Secretary may award grants to States, counties, localities, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, and nonprofit entities to promote improving access to dependable, affordable automobiles by low-income families. ``(D) Grant approval criteria.--The Secretary shall establish criteria for approval of an application for a grant under this paragraph that include consideration of-- ``(i) the extent to which the proposal, if funded, is to improve access to training and employment opportunities and child care services by low-income families by means of car ownership; ``(ii) the level of innovation in the applicant's grant proposal; and ``(iii) any partnerships between the public and private sector in the applicant's grant proposal. ``(E) Use of funds.-- ``(i) In general.--A grant awarded under this paragraph shall be used to administer programs that", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00871", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00296", "text": ")); and ``(D) who certifies that the individual does not have health insurance coverage.''. (2) Conforming amendments.--Section 1811 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395c) is amended by inserting before the period the following: ``or who are qualified chronic kidney disease patient (as defined in section 226A(d)(2))''. (3) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect January 1, 2004. (b) Coverage of pre-ESRD Services.-- (1) In general.--Section 1861(s)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(s)(2)) is amended-- (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (U); (B) by inserting ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (V); and (C) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: ``(W) pre-ESRD services (as defined in subsection (ww)(1)) for an individual who has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and, with respect to whom, a physician certifies that-- ``(i) the individual, under generally accepted clinical standards, will need dialysis treatments within the two-year period beginning on the date of certification; and ``(ii) the individual may benefit from a program of pre-ESRD services;''. (2) Services Described.--Section 1861 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``Pre-ESRD Services ``(ww)(1) The term `pre-ESRD Services' means any or all of the following services: ``(A) Individual and group nutritional counseling services for the purpose of chronic kidney disease management that are furnished by a registered dietitian or nutrition professional (as defined in subsection (vv)(2)) pursuant to a referral by a physician (as defined in subsection (r)(1)). ``(B) Counseling furnished by qualified health care providers that-- ``(i) provides comprehensive information regarding the management of comorbidities, and the prevention of uremic complications; ``(ii) ensures active participation of the individual in the choice of therapy or therapies; and ``(iii) provides comprehensive information regarding modalities of treatment for kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, including organ transplantation, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and home dialysis. ``(C", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00998", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00297", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``High-Quality Education Act of 2009''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. (a) Findings.--The Congress finds as follows: (1) Tennessee's wide-ranging and research-intensive STAR project began in the mid-1980's when the Tennessee legislature funded an initial 4-year study seeking to compare achievements for early grade students who would be assigned randomly to a standard-sized class, a standard-sized class with a teacher aide, or a class with reduced size. Several new analyses of the Tennessee STAR program show that reducing class size has both immediate and long-term benefits. (2) Research shows that the benefits of participating in small classes increase from year to year, both in the early grades when classes are small and in subsequent years when students are placed in larger classes. (3) Further, follow-up studies of the same students show that high-school students who were in small classes in first through third grades beginning in 1985 were less to be held back a year or suspended compared with their peers from larger classes. (4) The students from small classes were found to be making better grades in high school and taking more advanced courses. (5) The State of Wisconsin passed legislation in 1995 to phase in reduction of classes to 15 students in low-wealth schools. A January 2003 study of that program, called SAGE, revealed that average test scores in smaller first grade classes increased 12 to 14 percent more than scores of students in regular classes. (6) Research further shows that at the end of fifth grade, students who were in small classes in first through third grades were about half a school year (5 months) ahead of students from larger classes in all core subjects--reading, language arts, math, and science. (7) In 1999, the Department of Education reported that studies have consistently identified a positive relationship between reduced class size and improved student performance. The National Assessment on Educational Progress, the Economic Policy Institute, RAND, the Educational Testing Service, the American Institute of Research, and many other respected organizations have reached similar conclusions. (8) In smaller classes, teachers spend more time on instruction and less time on discipline problems, reporting that they know their students better, know where each child is in the learning process, and can provide more individualized instruction. (9) Smaller classes lead to better identification of students who need special", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00975", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00298", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Private Security Officer Quality Assurance Act of 1996''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds that-- (1) employment of private security officers in the United States is growing rapidly; (2) the private security industry provides numerous opportunities for entry-level job applicants, including individuals suffering from unemployment due to economic conditions or dislocations; (3) sworn law enforcement officers provide significant services to the citizens of the United States in its public areas, and are only supplemented by private security officers who provide prevention and reporting services in support of, but not in place of, regular sworn police; (4) given the growth of large private shopping malls, and the consequent reduction in the number of public shopping streets, the American public is more to have contact with private security personnel in the course of a day than with sworn law enforcement officers; (5) regardless of the differences in their duties, skill, and responsibilities, the public has difficulty in discerning the difference between sworn law enforcement officers and private security personnel; and (6) the American public demands the employment of qualified, well-trained private security personnel as an adjunct, but not a replacement for sworn law enforcement officers. SEC. 3. BACKGROUND CHECKS. (a) In General.--An association of employers of private security officers, designated for the purpose of this section by the Attorney General, may submit fingerprints or other methods of positive identification approved by the Attorney General, to the Attorney General on behalf of any applicant for a State license or certificate of registration as a private security officer or employer of private security officers. In response to such a submission, the Attorney General may, to the extent provided by State law conforming to the requirements of the second paragraph under the heading ``Federal Bureau of Investigation'' and the subheading ``Salaries and Expenses'' in title II of Public Law 92-544 (86 Stat. 1115), exchange, for licensing and employment purposes, identification and criminal history records with the State governmental agencies to which such applicant has applied. (b) Regulations.--The Attorney General may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section, including measures relating to the security, confidentiality, accuracy, use, and dissemination of information and audits and recordkeeping and the imposition of fees necessary for the recovery of costs. (c) Report.--The Attorney General shall report to the Senate and House Committees on the Judiciary 2 years after", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00938", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00299", "text": "Young open clusters are sites of cosmic ray acceleration as indicated by recent detections of the TeV gamma-ray sources in the directions of two open clusters (Cyg OB2 and Westerlund 2) and their directional proximity to some unidentified EGRET sources. In fact, up to now a few different scenarios for acceleration of particles inside open clusters have been considered, i.e. shocks in massive star winds, pulsars and their nebulae, supernova shocks, massive compact binaries. Here we consider in detail the radiation processes due to both electrons and hadrons accelerated inside the open cluster. As a specific scenario, we apply the acceleration process at the shocks arising in the winds of WR type stars. Particles diffuse through the medium of the open cluster during the activity time of the acceleration scenario defined by the age of the WR star. They interact with the matter and radiation, at first inside the open cluster and, later in the dense surrounding clouds. We calculate the broad band spectrum in different processes for three example open clusters (Berk 87, Cyg OB2, Westerlund 2) for which the best observational constraints on the spectra are at present available. It is assumed that the high energy phenomena, observed from the X-ray up to the GeV-TeV gamma-ray energies, are related to each other. We conclude that the most description of the radiation processes in these objects is achieved in the hybrid (leptonic-hadronic) model in which leptons are responsible for the observed X-ray and GeV gamma-ray emission and hadrons are responsible for the TeV gamma-ray emission, which is produced directly inside and in dense clouds surrounding the open cluster.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00091", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00300", "text": "Let $S =\\{x\\in \\re^n: g_1(x)\\geq 0, ..., g_m(x)\\geq 0\\}$ be a semialgebraic set defined by multivariate polynomials $g_i(x)$. Assume $S$ is convex, compact and has nonempty interior. Let $S_i =\\{x\\in \\re^n: g_i(x)\\geq 0\\}$, and $\\bdS$ (resp. $\\bdS_i$) be the boundary of $S$ (resp. $S_i$). This paper discusses whether $S$ can be represented as the projection of some LMI representable set. Such $S$ is called semidefinite representable or SDP representable. The contributions of this paper: {\\bf (i)} Assume $g_i(x)$ are all concave on $S$. If the positive definite Lagrange Hessian (PDLH) condition holds, i.e., the Hessian of the Lagrange function for optimization problem of minimizing any nonzero linear function $\\ell^Tx$ on $S$ is positive definite at the minimizer, then $S$ is SDP representable. {\\bf (ii)} If each $g_i(x)$ is either sos-concave ($-\\nabla^2g_i(x)=W(x)^TW(x)$ for some nonsquare matrix polynomial $W(x)$) or strictly quasi-concave on $S$, then $S$ is SDP representable. {\\bf (iii)} If each $S_i$ is either sos-convex or poscurv-convex ($S_i$ is compact convex, whose boundary has positive curvature and is nonsingular, i.e. $\\nabla g_i(x) \\not = 0$ on $\\bdS_i \\cap S$), then $S$ is SDP representable. This also holds for $S_i$ for which $\\bdS_i \\cap S$ extends smoothly to the boundary of a poscurv-convex set containing $S$. {\\bf (iv)} We give the complexity of Schm\\\"{u}dgen and Putinar's matrix Positivstellensatz, which are critical to the proofs of (i)-(iii).", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 470, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00184", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00301", "text": "We test the theory that lenticular (S0) galaxies form from spirals whose star formation has been shut down. We use the globular cluster specific frequency S_N, defined as the number of globular clusters normalised by the galaxy luminosity as a diagnostic. NTT/EMMI long-slit spectroscopic observations of 11 S0 galaxies at z < 0.006 are used to measure the absorption-line indices, Hdelta, Hgamma, Mgb, Fe5270 and Fe5335 within the central r_e/8. By inverting single-stellar population models, luminosity-weighted mean ages, metallicities and alpha-element abundance ratios are derived. We estimate the amount of fading a galaxy has undergone by comparing each galaxy's S_N with its deviation from the mean spiral S_N. Galaxies with higher S_N have older stellar populations. Moreover, we find that the zero-point and amount of fading is consistent with a scenario where lenticulars are formed by the quenching of star formation in spiral galaxies. Our data also rule out any formation method for S0s which creates a large number of new globular clusters. We confirm that previous results showing a relationship between S_N and color are driven by the S_N - Age relation. Five galaxies show detectable Hbeta, [OIII], Halpha or [NII] emission lines. However, only in the two youngest galaxies is this emission unambiguously from star formation. Our results are consistent with the theory that S0 galaxies are formed when gas in normal spirals is removed, as a result of a change in environment. The on-going star formation in the youngest galaxies hints that the timescale of quenching is ~< 1 Gyr. We speculate, therefore, that the truncation of star formation is a rather gentle process unlikely to involve a rapid burst of star formation.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 383, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00116", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00302", "text": "test until she read the study's protocol. She was eager to get started on the project. For two years, Mathabire and a team explored how easily health clinics and hospitals in the Chiradzulu District of Malawi and the Chamanculo District of Mozambique could implement the tuberculosis test for HIV patients, who are more susceptible to the infection. In Malawi and Mozambique, HIV is the leading cause of death. It is often spread through unprotected sex, and it has wiped out 27 percent of Malawi's and 24 percent of Mozambique's populations according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Finding out whether an HIV-positive person has tuberculosis is a matter of life and death. Mathabire remembers a Malawi man in his early 30s who left a clinic untreated. The rapid test, which analyzes a molecule in the patient's urine with a paper strip, had shown that he had TB. A coughing test didn't. But doctors weren't referring patients for the rapid test in their assessment of the man. It hadn't yet been approved by the Ministry of Health which was awaiting the World Health Organization's policy guidance. The man died before he could go back to get help. His story wasn't unique, Mathabire says. \"It's very sad but then you realize why you are doing the study — to prevent this from happening,\" she says. \"You start to realize the urgency of what you are doing.\" Under normal circumstances, patients are given cough tests or chest X-rays to test for TB. Mathabire's team found that it takes an average of two to four days for results, but the wait could drag on for months. Though the government of Malawi pays for certain medical care, including tuberculosis treatment, patients not have the money to pay for a bus ride to the hospital or clinic for follow-up visits. And more remote clinics don't always have the resources to transport samples to hospitals. With the rapid TB test, sick patients could begin treatment the same day. Mathabire's data showed that the test provided results in less than an hour. Staff in Malawi and Mozambique trained to administer the test in just a few hours. And doctors, nurses and clinical officers said it was easy to interpret the bands on the test strips. Mathabire also found that patients weren't skeptical of a new method. They really wanted to take the high-tech test. Mainly peasant farmers, they took", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00662", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00303", "text": "; (3) in paragraph (2)(C)-- (A) by inserting ``, or who are determined to be to require inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21,'' after ``, or intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded''; and (B) by striking ``or services in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded'' and inserting ``services in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded, or inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21''; and (4) in paragraph (7)(A)-- (A) by inserting ``or would require inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21,'' after ``intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded,''; and (B) by inserting ``or who would require inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21'' before the period. (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) apply with respect to medical assistance provided on or after October 1, 2006. SEC. 4. DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT OF FAMILY-TO-FAMILY HEALTH INFORMATION CENTERS. Section 501 (42 U.S.C. 701) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(c)(1)(A) For the purpose of enabling the Secretary (through grants, contracts, or otherwise) to provide for special projects of regional and national significance for the development and support of family-to-family health information centers described in paragraph (2)-- ``(i) there is appropriated to the Secretary, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated-- ``(I) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; ``(II) $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and ``(III) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and ``(ii) there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010. ``(B) Funds appropriated or authorized to be appropriated under subparagraph (A) shall-- ``(i) be in addition to amounts appropriated under subsection (a) and retained under section 502(a)(1) for the purpose of carrying out activities described in subsection (a)(2); and ``(ii) remain available until expended. ``(2) The family-to-family health information centers described in this paragraph are centers that-- ``(A) assist families of children with disabilities or special health care needs to make informed", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00943", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00304", "text": "The opioid crisis is described now as a “national emergency” by the president. Will this open the floodgates for more funding, more help? Last week, the president said he’s declaring a national emergency of opioid abuse. What that mean? The details are still to come, but the country is watching. 60,000 drug-related deaths predicted for the latest year. That’s a 9/11 every three weeks, says Chris Christie, chairman of the president’s commission on opioid abuse. So, if there’s an emergency level response, where will that focus? On treatment? On police? On a wall? This hour On Point: the presidents “national emergency” on opioids. — Tom Ashbrook Guests Lenny Bernstein, health and medicine reporter for the Washington Post. (@LennyMBernstein) Bertha Madras, member of President Trump’s five-person Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis. Psychobiologist at McLean Hospital, and a professor at Harvard Medical School. Helen Jones-Kelley, executive director of the Alcohol, Drug Addiction and Mental Health Services for Montgomery County, Ohio. From Tom’s Reading List Washington Post: Trump says opioid crisis is a national emergency, pledges more money and attention — “President Trump on Thursday declared the country’s opioid crisis a national emergency, saying the epidemic exceeded anything he had seen with other drugs in his lifetime. The statement by the president came in response to a question as he spoke to reporters outside a national security briefing at his golf club in Bedminster, N.J., where he is on a working vacation.” Financial Times: Drug industry faces ‘tidal wave’ of litigation over opioid crisis — “Companies that make or distribute opioid painkillers are facing a “tidal wave” of litigation as US officials seek to raise funds to fight the country’s addiction epidemic and punish those they accuse of fuelling the crisis. The number of government officials launching legal action against drugmakers and wholesalers has soared in the past year in what some lawyers see as a harbinger of a settlement that could echo the more than $200bn extracted from the tobacco industry in 1998.” NPR: What Could Happen If Trump Formally Declares Opioids A National Emergency — “The president could ask HHS Secretary Price to declare an emergency under the Public Health Service Act. Unlike FEMA, HHS doesn’t have a standing emergency fund (although during last year’s Zika virus scare, many people urged", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00632", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00305", "text": "We model the interaction between the wind from a newly formed rapidly rotating magnetar and the surrounding supernova shock and host star. The dynamics is modeled using the two-dimensional, axisymmetric thin-shell equations. In the first ~10-100 seconds after core collapse the magnetar inflates a bubble of plasma and magnetic fields behind the supernova shock. The bubble expands asymmetrically because of the pinching effect of the toroidal magnetic field, just as in the analogous problem of the evolution of pulsar wind nebulae. The degree of asymmetry depends on E_mag/E_tot. The correct value of E_mag/E_tot is uncertain because of uncertainties in the conversion of magnetic energy into kinetic energy at large radii in relativistic winds; we argue, however, that bubbles inflated by newly formed magnetars are to be significantly more magnetized than their pulsar counterparts. We show that for a ratio of magnetic to total power supplied by the central magnetar L_mag/L_tot ~ 0.1 the bubble expands relatively spherically. For L_mag/L_tot ~ 0.3, however, most of the pressure in the bubble is exerted close to the rotation axis, driving a collimated outflow out through the host star. This can account for the collimation inferred from observations of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Outflows from magnetars become increasingly magnetically dominated at late times, due to the decrease in neutrino-driven mass loss as the young neutron star cools. We thus suggest that the magnetar-driven bubble initially expands relatively spherically, enhancing the energy of the associated supernova, while at late times it becomes progressively more collimated, producing the GRB.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00144", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00306", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Private Security Officer Quality Assurance Act of 1996''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds that-- (1) employment of private security officers in the United States is growing rapidly; (2) the private security industry provides numerous opportunities for entry-level job applicants, including individuals suffering from unemployment due to economic conditions or dislocations; (3) sworn law enforcement officers provide significant services to the citizens of the United States in its public areas, and are only supplemented by private security officers who provide prevention and reporting services in support of, but not in place of, regular sworn police; (4) given the growth of large private shopping malls, and the consequent reduction in the number of public shopping streets, the American public is more to have contact with private security personnel in the course of a day than with sworn law enforcement officers; (5) regardless of the differences in their duties, skill, and responsibilities, the public has difficulty in discerning the difference between sworn law enforcement officers and private security personnel; and (6) the American public demands the employment of qualified, well-trained private security personnel as an adjunct, but not a replacement for sworn law enforcement officers. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Act-- (1) the term ``employee'' includes an applicant for employment; (2) the term ``employer'' means any person that-- (A) employs one or more private security officers; or (B) provides, as an independent contractor, for consideration, the services of one or more private security officers (including oneself); (3) the term ``private security officer'' (A) means-- (i) an individual who performs security services, full or part time, for consideration as an independent contractor or an employee, whether armed or unarmed and in uniform or plain clothes whose primary duty is to perform security services, or (ii) an individual who is an employee of an electronic security system company engaged in one or more of the following activities in the State: burglar alarm technician, fire alarm technician, closed circuit television technician, access control technician, or security system monitor; but (B) does not include-- (i) sworn police officers who have law enforcement powers in the State, (ii) attorneys, accountants, and other professionals who are otherwise licensed in the State, (iii) employees whose duties are primarily internal audit or credit functions, (", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00906", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00307", "text": "Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev said on Wednesday that any new name proposed for his country would be put to a public referendum. His comment came as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Greece appeared to be nearing agreement on a name-change for Athens' northern neighbor. \"We agree on the foundations and principles of the accord,\" Zaev told journalists. He said more details would be disclosed after a phone call with his Greek counterpart Alexis Tsipras on Wednesday evening or Thursday. \"We'll only reveal all the details afterwards,\" Zaev said. The name dispute goes back to 1991 when Skopje declared its independence from war-torn Yugoslavia, and the new government chose the name \"Republic of Macedonia.\" The name choice infuriated Athens. Historically Macedonia or Macedon was a sizable country that included territory that today is northern Greece. Ancient Greek ruler Alexander the Great was also known as Alexander III of Macedon. Concerned that the new country have territorial ambitions, Greece insisted that their new neighbor be referred to as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, or FYROM. That is the name under which they were admitted to the United Nations in 1993. As a member of both NATO and the European Union, Greece has veto power over prospective members, and has used that authority to block their neighbor from joining both organizations. Some possible names Athens is demanding that any name change for its northern neighbor be backed with a constitutional amendment and for it to be applied to the \"erga omnes\" (\"towards all\") legal principle, meaning it is to be used universally both in and out of Macedonia. Several countries, including the United States and Russia, have already recognized the country as \"Macedonia.\" Prime Minister Zaev said parliaments in both countries would need to ratify any agreement before it put to a public vote. He said that the time between parliamentary approval and a plebiscite would be \"around a month,\" adding that a referendum would be held in September or October. Zaev also said it was important to resolve the issue well ahead of a NATO summit meeting on July 11-12. \"We want to give Greece sufficient time to send a letter to NATO,\" ahead of the summit, he said. Among the names being rumored are \"New Macedonia\" and \"Upper Macedonia.\" The latter is reportedly a favorite, a senior Macedonian official told AFP. Zaev, however, remained tight-lipped on the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00751", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00308", "text": "We use a sample of rest-frame UV selected and spectroscopically observed galaxies at redshifts 1.9<z<3.4, combined with ground-based spectroscopic H-alpha and Spitzer MIPS 24 micron data, to derive the most robust measurements of the rest-frame UV, H-alpha, and infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) at these redshifts. Our sample is by far the largest of its kind, with over 2000 spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.9<z<3.4 and ~15000 photometric candidates in 29 independent fields covering a total area of almost a square degree. Our method for computing the LFs takes into account a number of systematic effects, including photometric scatter, Ly-alpha perturbations to optical colors, and contaminants. Taking into account the latter, we find no evidence for an excess of UV-bright galaxies over what was inferred in early z~3 LBG studies. The UV LF undergo little evolution between z~4 and z~2. Corrected for extinction, the UV luminosity density (LD) at z~2 is at least as large as the value at z~3 and a factor of ~9 larger than the value at z~6, primarily reflecting an increase in the number density of bright galaxies between z~6 and z~2. Our analysis yields the first constraints anchored by extensive spectroscopy on the IR and bolometric LFs for faint and moderately luminous (L[bol]<10^12 L_sun) galaxies. Adding the IR to the emergent UV luminosity, incorporating independent measurements of the LD from ULIRGs, and assuming realistic dust attenuation values for UV-faint galaxies, indicates that galaxies with L[bol]<10^12 L_sun account for ~80% of the bolometric LD and SFRD at z~2-3. Our multi-wavelength constraints on the global SFRD indicate that approximately one-third of the present-day stellar mass density was formed in sub-ultraluminous galaxies between redshifts z=1.9-3.4. [Abridged]", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 438, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00301", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00309", "text": "We present a catalog of 34 diffuse features identified in X-ray images of the Galactic center taken with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Several of the features have been discussed in the literature previously, including 7 that are associated with a complex of molecular clouds that exhibits fluorescent line emission, 4 that are superimposed on the supernova remnant Sgr A East, 2 that are coincident with radio features that are thought to be the shell of another supernova remnant, and one that is thought to be a pulsar wind nebula only a few arcseconds in projection from Sgr A*. However, this leaves 20 features that have not been reported previously. Based on the weakness of iron emission in their spectra, we propose that most of them are non-thermal. One long, narrow feature points toward Sgr A*, and so we propose that this feature is a jet of synchrotron-emitting particles ejected from the supermassive black hole. For the others, we show that their sizes (0.1-2 pc in length for D=8 kpc), X-ray luminosities (between 10^32 and 10^34 erg/s, 2-8 keV), and spectra (power laws with Gamma=1-3) are consistent with those of pulsar wind nebulae. Based on the star formation rate at the Galactic center, we expect that ~20 pulsars have formed in the last 300 kyr, and producing pulsar wind nebulae. Only one of the 19 candidate pulsar wind nebulae is securely detected in an archival radio image of the Galactic center; the remainder have upper limits corresponding to L_R<la10^31 erg/s. These radio limits do not strongly constrain their natures, which underscores the need for further multi- wavelength studies of this unprecedented sample of Galactic X-ray emitting structures.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 384, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00355", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00310", "text": "The hemispheric pattern of solar filaments is considered in the context of the global magnetic field of the solar corona. In recent work Mackay and van Ballegooijen have shown how, for a pair of interacting magnetic bipoles, the observed chirality pattern explained by the dominant range of bipole tilt angles and helicity in each hemisphere. This study aims to test this earlier result through a direct comparison between theory and observations, using newly-developed simulations of the actual surface and 3D coronal magnetic fields over a 6-month period, on a global scale. In this paper we consider two key components of the study; firstly the observations of filament chirality for the sample of 255 filaments, and secondly our new simulations of the large-scale surface magnetic field. Based on a flux-transport model, these will be used as the lower boundary condition for the future 3D coronal simulations. Our technique differs significantly from those of other authors, where the coronal field is either assumed to be purely potential, or has to be reset back to potential every 27 days in order that the photospheric field remain accurate. In our case we ensure accuracy by the insertion of newly-emerging bipolar active regions, based on observed photospheric synoptic magnetograms. The large-scale surface field is shown to remain accurate over the 6-month period, without any resetting. This new technique will enable future simulations to consider the long-term build-up and transport of helicity and shear in the coronal magnetic field, over many months or years.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00384", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00311", "text": "2019; and ``(ii) for each program identified in the program inventory, the information required under paragraph (3) or paragraph (4), as applicable.''; (4) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated-- (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``Information.--Information for each program described under paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``Information for larger programs.--Information for each program identified in the program inventory required under paragraph (2) for which there is more than $10,000,000 in annual budget authority''; (B) by striking subparagraph (C); (C) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (D); (D) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: ``(A) an identification of the program activities that are aggregated, disaggregated, or consolidated as part of identifying programs; ``(B) for each program activity described in subparagraph (A), the amount of funding for the current fiscal year and previous 2 fiscal years; ``(C) an estimate of the amount of funding for the program;''; (E) in subparagraph (D), as so redesignated, by striking ``and'' at the end; and (F) by adding at the end the following: ``(E) an identification of the statutes that authorize the program and any major regulations specific to the program; ``(F) for any program that provides grants or other financial assistance to individuals or entities, for the most recent fiscal year-- ``(i) a description of the individuals served by the program and beneficiaries who received financial assistance under the program, including an estimate of the number of individuals and beneficiaries, to the extent practicable; ``(ii) for each program for which the head of an agency determines it is not practicable to provide an estimate of the number of individuals and beneficiaries served by the program-- ``(I) an explanation of why data regarding the number of such individuals and beneficiaries cannot be provided; and ``(II) a discussion of the measures that taken to gather the data required to provide such an estimate; and ``(iii) a description of-- ``(I) the Federal employees who administer the program, including the number of full-time equivalents with a pro rata estimate for full-time equivalents associated with multiple programs; and ``(II) other individuals whose salary is paid in part or full by the Federal Government through a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or another form of financial award or assistance who administer or assist", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01129", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00312", "text": "ACT UP create a potent \"inside-outside\" strategy: demanding a seat of power alongside politicians and big pharma while keeping pressure up through creative street protests. The strategy helped turn HIV from a death sentence to a manageable condition. \"We had a women's committee, a people of color committee, the treatment and data committee,\" Wolfe recalls. \"We lobbied peoples, we did civil disobedience. The idea there was that you could use not a huge number of people but a varied playbook,\" she says. \"And [you] would keep coming at it until we won. Which we did.\" What's not clear just a few months into Trump's presidency is what tactics and actions by Trump \"resistors\" will actually have an impact on public opinion and policy. There are sharp tactical disagreements within the inchoate grassroots opposition to Trump's policies over what prove most effective and sustainable. Go with massive rallies or small direct actions? Focus on urban population centers or the rural and suburban swing areas that helped elect Trump? There are ongoing Trump boycott efforts such as Grab Your Wallet as well as get-off- the couch group Run For Something. \"It's the movements that are willing to take risks and willing to do bold action over time that are the most successful,\" says writer and activist L.A. Kauffman, author of Direct Action: Protest and the Reinvention of American Radicalism. \"Obviously you can't stay in crisis mode and at a fever pitch for year after year after year,\" she adds, \"but I see a lot of people recognizing that this is the long haul. What the movements are doing together is creating a crisis for the Trump administration, and in so doing, managing to slow down some of the worst of the harm.\" While ACT UP's activism centered on an array of complex issues, the central focus of HIV and AIDS was a unifying and organizing force. But anger at Trump is broad, diffuse and across a range of issues from health care to climate change. \"It's a different animal, there's not one single thing to organize against,\" Wolfe says. \"What we need is how to sustain focus. You can't just do one action, let's say, against (senior presidential adviser Steve) Bannon. You have to do many such actions.\" \"We know now that nominally democratic governments don't have to listen to social protests,\" says activist and writer Micah White, who helped launch the Occupy Wall Street protests. \"You", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00607", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00313", "text": "Activity Area. (b) Criteria.-- (1) In general.--The Attorney General shall establish criteria for reviewing applications submitted under subsection (a). (2) Considerations.--In establishing criteria under subsection (a) and evaluating an application for designation as a High-Intensity Gang Activity Area, the Attorney General shall consider-- (A) the current and predicted levels of gang crime activity in the area; (B) the extent to which violent crime in the area be related to criminal gang activity; (C) the extent to which the area is already engaged in local or regional collaboration regarding, and coordination of, gang prevention activities; and (D) such other criteria as the Attorney General determines to be appropriate. SEC. 4. PURPOSE OF THE TASK FORCE. (a) In General.--In order to coordinate Federal assistance to High- Intensity Gang Activity Areas, the Attorney General shall establish an Interagency Gang Prevention Task Force (in this Act referred to as the ``Task Force''), consisting of a representative from-- (1) the Department of Justice; (2) the Department of Education; (3) the Department of Labor; (4) the Department of Health and Human Services; and (5) the Department of Housing and Urban Development. (b) Coordination.--For each High-Intensity Gang Activity Area designated by the Attorney General under section 3, the Task Force shall-- (1) coordinate the activities of the Federal Government to create a comprehensive gang prevention response, focusing on early childhood intervention, at-risk youth intervention, literacy, employment, and community policing; and (2) coordinate its efforts with local and regional gang prevention efforts. (c) Programs.--The Task Force shall prioritize the needs of High- Intensity Gang Activity Areas for funding under-- (1) the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858 et seq.); (2) the Even Start programs under subpart 3 of part B of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6381 et seq.); (3) the Healthy Start Initiative under section 330H of the Public Health Services Act (42 U.S.C. 254c-8); (4) the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.); (5) the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program under part B of title IV of the Elementary", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01096", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00314", "text": "The ~10^4 y old Vela Pulsar represents the bridge between the young Crab-like and the middle-aged rotation powered pulsars. Its multiwavelength behaviour is due to the superposition of different spectral components. We take advantage of the unprecedented harvest of photons collected by XMM-Newton to assess the Vela Pulsar spectral shape and to study the pulsar spectrum as a function of its rotational phase. As for the middle-aged pulsars Geminga, PSR B0656+14 and PSR B1055-52 (the \"Three Musketeers\"), the phase-integrated spectrum of Vela is well described by a three-component model, consisting of two blackbodies (T_bb1=(1.06+/-0.03)x10^6 K, R_bb1=5.1+/-0.3 km, T_bb2=(2.16+/-0.06)x10^6 K, R_bb2=0.73+/-0.08 km) plus a power-law (gamma=2.2+/-0.3). The relative contributions of the three components are seen to vary as a function of the pulsar rotational phase. The two blackbodies have a shallow 7-9% modulation. The cooler blackbody, related to the bulk of the neutron star surface, has a complex modulation, with two peaks per period, separated by ~0.35 in phase, the radio pulse occurring exactly in between. The hotter blackbody, originating from a hot polar region, has a nearly sinusoidal modulation, with a single, broad maximum aligned with the second peak of the cooler blackbody, trailing the radio pulse by ~0.15 in phase. The non thermal component, magnetospheric in origin, is present only during 20% of the pulsar phase and be opposite to the radio pulse. XMM-Newton phase-resolved spectroscopy unveils the link between the thermally emitting surface of the neutron star and its charge-filled magnetosphere, probing emission geometry as a function of the pulsar rotation. This is a fundamental piece of information for future 3-dimensional modeling of the pulsar magnetosphere.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 443, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00274", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00315", "text": "Observations of outflows associated with pre-main-sequence stars reveal details about morphology, binarity and evolutionary states of young stellar objects. We present molecular line data from the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association array and Five Colleges Radio Astronomical Observatory toward the regions containing the Herbig Ae/Be stars LkHa 198 and LkHa 225S. Single dish observations of 12CO 1-0, 13CO 1-0, N2H+ 1-0 and CS 2-1 were made over a field of 4.3' x 4.3' for each species. 12CO data from FCRAO were combined with high resolution BIMA array data to achieve a naturally-weighted synthesized beam of 6.75'' x 5.5'' toward LkHa 198 and 5.7'' x 3.95'' toward LkHa 225S, representing resolution improvements of factors of approximately 10 and 5 over existing data. By using uniform weighting, we achieved another factor of two improvement. The outflow around LkHa 198 resolves into at least four outflows, none of which are centered on LkHa 198-IR, but even at our resolution, we cannot exclude the possibility of an outflow associated with this source. In the LkHa 225S region, we find evidence for two outflows associated with LkHa 225S itself and a third outflow is driven by this source. Identification of the driving sources is still resolution-limited and is also complicated by the presence of three clouds along the line of sight toward the Cygnus molecular cloud. 13CO is present in the environments of both stars along with cold, dense gas as traced by CS and (in LkHa 225S) N2H+. No 2.6 mm continuum is detected in either region in relatively shallow maps compared to existing continuum observations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 400, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00463", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00316", "text": "search warrant request submitted to a judge nine days after the shooting stopped. However, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo released a preliminary report on Jan. 19 saying police and the FBI believe Paddock acted alone before he killed himself as police closed in. It did not answer the key question: What made Paddock stockpile a cache of assault-style weapons and fire for about 10 minutes out the windows of Mandalay Bay hotel-casino into a crowd of 22,000 people. Haig's name was blacked out in the more than 270 pages of search warrant records released by a Nevada judge to The Associated Press, but remained on one page of documents provided to the Las Vegas Review-Journal. The newspaper published the name online. Clark County District Court Judge Elissa Cadish later ordered the full document not be published without redactions, but she acknowledged she couldn't order the newspaper to retract the name. Authorities previously said an unnamed person could face unspecified federal charges in shooting that also injured more than 800 other people. The warrants show that investigators found 23 rifles and a handgun in Paddock's 32nd-floor hotel suite and an adjoining room. Police also found five suitcases, five rifle cases, binoculars, a spotter scope, portable solar generator and 1,050 empty bullet casings. Police reported finding just $273 in cash in the room of the 64-year-old retired accountant who amassed a millionaire's fortune, owned homes in Reno and Mesquite, Nevada, and earned casino perks wagering thousands of dollars on high-stakes video poker. Authorities previously characterized Paddock as a gambler on a losing streak who was obsessed with cleanliness, may have been bipolar and was having difficulties with his live-in girlfriend. The name of Paddock's girlfriend, Marilou Danley, was not redacted from documents released Tuesday in response to a public records lawsuit filed by media companies including AP and the Review-Journal. Danley was in the Philippines at the time of the attack and is cooperating with investigators. She was initially considered a person of interest but authorities later said she is not to face criminal charges. Separately, Clark County District Court Judge Timothy Williams ruled Tuesday that the coroner in Las Vegas should release autopsy records of Paddock and the people killed by gunfire, with victims' names blacked out. Those documents were not immediately made public. County Coroner John Fudenberg later released a statement later promising victims' autopsy reports \"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00795", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00317", "text": "If the binding energy of the pulsar's surface is not so high (the case of a neutron star), both the negative and positive charges will flow out freely from the surface of the star. The annular free flow model for $\\gamma$-ray emission of pulsars is suggested in this paper. It is emphasized that: (1). Two kinds of acceleration regions (annular and core) need to be taken into account. The annular acceleration region is defined by the magnetic field lines that cross the null charge surface within the light cylinder. (2). If the potential drop in the annular region of a pulsar is high enough (normally the cases of young pulsars), charges in both the annular and the core regions accelerated and produce primary gamma-rays. Secondary pairs are generated in both regions and stream outwards to power the broadband radiations. (3). The potential drop in the annular region grows more rapidly than that in the core region. The annular acceleration process is a key point to produce wide emission beams as observed. (4). The advantages of both the polar cap and outer gap models are retained in this model. The geometric properties of the $\\gamma$-ray emission from the annular flow is analogous to that presented in a previous work by Qiao et al., which match the observations well. (5). Since charges with different signs leave the pulsar through the annular and the core regions, respectively, the current closure problem can be partially solved.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00098", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00318", "text": "CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — The moon is putting on a rare cosmic show Wednesday. It's the first time in 35 years a blue moon has synced up with a supermoon and a total lunar eclipse. Hawaii and Alaska have the best seats, along with the Canadian Yukon, Australia and Asia. The western U.S. should have good viewing, too, along with Russia. The U.S. East Coast, Europe and most of South America and Africa are out of luck for the eclipse. The second full moon in a calendar month is a blue moon. This one also happens to be an especially close and bright moon, or supermoon. Add a total eclipse, known as a blood moon for its red tint, and it's a lunar showstopper. NASA is calling it a lunar trifecta: the first super blue blood moon since 1982. That combination won't happen again until 2037. The space agency plans to provide a live stream of the moon from ground telescopes, throughout the eclipse. A lunar eclipse occurs when the sun, Earth and moon line up perfectly, casting Earth's shadow on the moon. Scientists are keen to study the sharp, sudden drop in temperature at the lunar surface, as Earth's shadow blankets the moon. During the more than one hour of totality, the temperature will plunge 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 Celsius), said lunar scientist Noah Petro of Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. He's deputy project scientist for NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, circling the moon since 2009. His team is taking special precautions to keep the spacecraft warm during the eclipse. just as important, Petro and others are hoping the big event gets more people looking up — not just Wednesday, but every day. For the trivia crowd, the moon will be 223,820 miles (360,200 kilometers) away at the peak of the eclipse, close enough for supermoon status. ___ Online: NASA: https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/lunar.html.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 416, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00719", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00319", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``George C. Marshall Commemorative Coin Act''. SEC. 2. COIN SPECIFICATIONS. (a) Denominations.--The Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary'' shall mint and issue the following coins in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan and George Catlett Marshall: (1) $1 silver coins.--Not more than 700,000 1 dollar coins, which shall-- (A) weigh 26.73 grams; (B) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and (C) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. (2) Half dollar clad coins.--Not more than 500,000 half dollar coins which shall-- (A) weigh 11.34 grams; (B) have a diameter of 1.205 inches; and (C) be minted to the specifications for half dollar coins contained in section 5112(b) of title 31, United States Code. (b) Legal Tender.--The coins minted under this Act shall be legal tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United States Code. (c) Numismatic Items.--For purposes of section 5134 of title 31, United States Code, all coins minted under this Act shall be considered to be numismatic items. SEC. 3. SOURCES OF BULLION. The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting coins under this Act only from stockpiles established under the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act. SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS. (a) Design Requirements.-- (1) In general.--The design of the coins minted under this Act shall be emblematic of the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, which gave Europe's war-ravaged countries the economic strength by which they choose freedom, and George C. Marshall, the author of the plan. (2) Designation and inscriptions.--On each coin minted under this Act there shall be-- (A) a designation of the value of the coin; (B) an inscription of the year ``1997''; and (C) inscriptions of the words ``Liberty'', ``In God We Trust'', ``United States of America'', and ``E Pluribus Unum''. (3) Obverse side", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01100", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00320", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Social Security and Medicare Improved Burn Injury Treatment Access Act of 2009''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Terrorist acts, such as the September 11, 2001, attacks in New York and Washington, DC and attacks in countries throughout the world, major accidental events, chemical plant explosions, airplane crashes, and major industrial accidents, result in a substantial number of burn-injured patients. (2) In most major traumatic events, 25 percent to 30 percent of the injured will require burn care treatment. About one-third of those hospitalized in New York on September 11th had severe burn injuries. (3) According to the American Burn Association (ABA), which is the national professional society representing hospitals with burn centers, as well as burn surgeons, nurses, therapists, and other members of the burn care team, there are only 128 burn centers in the United States. The total burn-bed capacity at all burn centers in the United States is 1,835 beds. Burn centers in four States have closed, with a loss of several beds, which further diminishes the Nation's ability to handle the mass burn casualties that could result from a major terrorist attack. (4) Burn centers are a national resource that must be preserved and strengthened as part of the Nation's preparedness activities to deal with terrorist attacks or other disasters that would lead to mass burn casualties. (5) Based on a study of over 54,000 burn cases over a 20- year period of time, the ABA in its 2002 National Burn Repository Report indicates that 38 percent of burn-injured patients treated in burn centers were uninsured. This high level of uncompensated care threatens the survival of burn centers, the continued existence of which is essential to the emergency preparedness efforts of the United States. (6) Burn injuries are among the most costly to treat and require immediate medical attention. (7) Because of the necessity of providing immediate care in the case of burn injuries, the waiting periods established for Medicare coverage for disabled burn patients should be waived and it is essential for Medicare to reimburse the costs of such burn treatment to ensure the financial survival of burn centers. SEC. 3. ELIMINATION OF 5-MONTH SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY WAITING PERIOD IN CASES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABLING BURN", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01016", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00321", "text": "After soaring to $4,000 on exchange markets over the weekend, the bitcoin cryptocurrency is continuing to rise, topping a record $4,300 on Monday — nearly $1,000 above its rate one week ago, according to data from the Coinbase currency exchange. Bitcoin settled back under the $4,300 mark after reaching a new high Monday morning, according to several exchanges that track the decentralized currency. \"The bitcoin market cap soared past $70 billion,\" says CryptoCoins News, adding that a \"flippening\" that has been anticipated for years in the cryptocurrency community had finally come to pass, as \"bitcoin now has a greater total valuation than payment-processing behemoth PayPal.\" A bitcoin bought for around $570 just 12 months ago — reflecting a rise of around 645 percent to today's exchange rate. Reporting on the rise, the Coindesk site says the market capitalization of all cryptocurrencies reached a record $138 billion on Monday. The steep ascent can be attributed to a number of factors, from political concerns to a recent split into two currencies — bitcoin classic and bitcoin cash. That change, which became official on Aug. 1, was made to give the currency a more robust infrastructure; it was also tied to a move to allow large trades in the currency to occur more frequently. Formally introduced in 2009, bitcoin has steadily accumulated both users and investors. And blockchain, the technology that underlies bitcoin, has been embraced by both academics and banking giants such as Fidelity — which now lets customers track investments in cryptocurrency — and Goldman Sachs. Other factors, such as bitcoin's role as a hedge against political uncertainty, also play a role. A finance executive tells CNBC that South Koreans have shown a \"surge of interest\" in the currency as the U.S. and North Korea trade threats. The network also says there's strong interest in bitcoin in Japan, with the yen accounting for 42 percent of bitcoin currency purchases. It's been a heady summer for bitcoin holders. After the virtual currency hit a record $2,420 in May, The Economist ran a story asking, \"What if the bitcoin bubble bursts?\" and wondering if its rise compared to historic market crazes — like the one over tulips. Noting that \"Anyone clever or lucky enough to have bought $1,000 of bitcoins in July 2010, when the price stood at $0.05, would now have a stash worth $46 million,\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00642", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00322", "text": "We report on two new XMM-Newton observations of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) 4U 0142+614 performed in March and July 2004, collecting the most accurate spectrum for this source to date. Furthermore, we analyse two short archival observations performed in February 2002 and January 2003 (the latter already reported by Gohler et al. 2005) in order to study the long term behaviour of this AXP. 4U 0142+614 be relatively steady in flux between 2002 and 2004, and the phase-averaged spectrum does not show any significant variability between the four epochs. We derive the deepest upper limits to date on the presence of lines in the 4U 0142+614 spectrum as a function of energy: equivalent width in the 1-3 keV energy range < 4 eV and < 8 eV for narrow and broad lines, respectively. A remarkable energy dependence in both the pulse profile and the pulsed fraction is detected, and consequently pulse-phase spectroscopy shows spectral variability as a function of phase. By making use of XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL data, we successfully model the 1-250 keV spectrum of 4U 0142+614 with three models presented in Rea et al. (2007a), namely the canonical absorbed blackbody plus two power-laws, a resonant cyclotron scattering model plus one power-law and two log-parabolic functions.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00387", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00323", "text": "Low-mass X-ray binaries are binary systems composed of a compact object and a low-mass star. Recently, a new class of these systems, known as symbiotic $X$-ray binaries (with a neutron star with a M-type giant companion), has been discovered. Here, we present long-duration ${\\it XMM}$ observations of the source 1RXS J180431.1-273932. Temporal and spectral analysis of the source was performed along with a search for an optical counterpart. We used a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis for the period search and evaluated the confidence level using Monte-Carlo simulations. The source is characterized by regular pulses so that it is most a neutron star. A modulation of $494.1\\pm0.2$ s (3$\\sigma$ error) was found with a confidence level of $>$99%. Evidence of variability is also present, since the data show a rate of change in the signal of $\\sim -7.7\\times 10^{-4}$ counts s$^{-1}$ hr$^{-1}$. A longer observation will be necessary in order to determine if the source shows any periodic behavior. The spectrum can be described by a power law with photon index $\\Gamma\\sim 1$ and a Gaussian line at 6.6 keV. The X-ray flux in the 0.2--10 keV energy band is $5.4\\times 10^{-12}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. The identification of an optical counterpart (an M6III red-giant star with an apparent visual magnitude of $\\simeq 17.6$) allows a conservative distance of $\\sim 10$ kpc to be estimated. Other possibilities are also discussed. Once the distance was estimated, we got an $X$-ray luminosity of $L_X\\ut<6\\times 10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$, which is consistent with the typical $X$-ray luminosity of a symbiotic LMXB system.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 424, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00494", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00324", "text": "Sometimes you don't know you need a feature until you discover it and put it to use for a bit. Then you wonder how you ever got your work done without it! That's how you feel about Windows Tags. Yes, it's a Windows feature, but you can use Tags to manage Office files—and other file types as well. Whether you work alone or share files via a server or even OneDrive for Business, you can benefit from Tags. In this article, I'll show you how to add Tags to Office and non-Office files and how to search using those Tags. I'm working with Office 2016 (desktop) on a Windows 10 64-bit system. The Windows Tags property is available in older versions, back to Windows Vista. In Office, they've been available since at least Office 2007 (but longer). There's no downloadable demonstration file. You won't need one. What are Tags? Don't confuse Office Smart Tags and Windows Tags; they aren't the same thing. Windows Tags are keywords used for organizing (searching) files. How you use them will depend on your needs, but anytime you're working with bulk files or sharing files for the same purpose, Tags can help. Don't limit their use to simply describing the file's contents, either. You can use Tags to describe how you use the file. For instance, you use terms such as complete and not complete to describe status. Or you use the term upload to group files you need to upload to an external service such as OneDrive. Add a tag to an Office file Tags are a Windows file property, but you can add them when saving an Office file. During the save process, you'll see an Options link. It's quite possible that you've never explored this link before. Let's take a look: With any Office file open, click the File tab and choose Save As in the left pane. Below the Filename and Location controls, click the More Options link (Figure A). In the bottom-right corner of the resulting dialog, look for the Tags control (Figure B). Click the Add A Tag Link and supply a keyword (Figure C). To add more than one, separate the keywords with a semicolon. Once you add a Tags keyword, Office will display it in an AutoComplete list when you tag subsequent files, making it easier to use Tags consistently. Click Save and continue as you normally would. Figure A Click the More", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00585", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00325", "text": "High demand and low supply of IT professionals may lead to turnover in the new year, a new report found. Some 32% of IT professionals said they plan to search for or take an IT job with a new employer in 2018, according to Spiceworks' 2018 IT Career Outlook. Among those planning to make a job move, 75% said they are seeking a better salary, 70% said they want to advance their skills, and 39% said they want to work for a company that prioritizes IT more than the one they currently work for. Of the 2,163 IT professionals from North America and Europe surveyed, 7% said they plan to start working as a consultant, while 5% said they plan to leave the IT industry altogether. Another 2% reported plans to retire in 2018. Some employees said they expect positive changes from their current employer in the new year: 51% of IT professionals said they expect a raise from their current employer next year, while 21% said they also expect a promotion. However, 24% said they don't expect any career changes or raises in the next year. SEE: IT jobs 2018: Hiring priorities, growth areas, and strategies to fill open roles (Tech Pro Research) Millennials in particular (36%) were more to say they were seeking new employment—more than Gen Xers (32%) and baby boomers (23%). Millennial IT professionals are also more to leave their current employer to find a better salary, advance their skills, work for a more talented team, and receive better employee perks than older employees. Meanwhile, Gen X IT professionals are more to leave their jobs to seek a better work-life balance, while baby boomers are more to leave due to burnout. Despite those who plan to leave their jobs, 70% of IT professionals say they are satisfied with their current jobs—though 63% say they believe they are underpaid, the report found. This number is even higher among millennials: 68% of millennial IT workers feel underpaid, compared to 60% of Gen X and 61% of baby boomers. In terms of salary, millennial IT professionals are paid a median income of $50,000 per year, while Gen X IT professionals are paid $65,000, and baby boomers are paid $70,000. These salaries also correlate to years of experience", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00515", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00326", "text": "stop in an illustrious career spanning three decades which took him to clubs in Switzerland, Sudan and Saudi Arabia, where he plays for Al-Taawoun. Despite his vast international experience, El-Hadary must guard against some of the lapses of concentration and poor decision-making that surfaced in recent years. Ahmed el-Shennawy was El-Hadary's backup before being ruled out of the World Cup with a left knee injury. That leaves Al-Ahly goalkeeper Mohammed el-Shennawy, who is no relation, as a possible replacement. DEFENDERS Ahmed Hegazy is the rock of the defense. At 6-foot-4 (1.95 meters), the 29-year-old center back is formidable in the air and has been growing in confidence and authority in the Premier League even as West Bromwich Albion has struggled. Ali Jabr, a teammate for club and country, has been rarely used by West Brom, but he could retain his place in the Egypt back four because of his international experience. Veterans Ahmed Fathy and Mohamed Abdel-Shafy look sure to start, with their runs on both flanks key to feeding the forwards. Substitute defenders will most include Saad Sameer and Ayman Ashraf, both of Egyptian club Al-Ahly, and Ahmed Elmohamady of Aston Villa. MIDFIELDERS Egypt will be hoping Mohammed Elneny fully recovers from an ankle injury sustained playing for Arsenal. Elneny and Abdullah Said, who has been playing at Finnish club Kuopion Palloseura, should provide a solid midfield backbone that's a big part of the machine feeding Salah up front. With their commitment and energy, the quality of the pair's performances could prove to be the difference between Egypt appearing disjointed or showing off its flowing football. Their backups include Tareq Hamed of Egyptian club Zamalek and Amr Warda, who plays for Greek club Atromitos. FORWARDS After scoring more than 40 goals this season with Liverpool, Salah will be looking to continue his prolific form on the biggest stage in Russia. Salah, the Professional Footballers' Association player of the year, doesn't get the same service with Egypt as he enjoys at Anfield. But he has shown versatility at Liverpool, changing positions to shake off markers. Salah's partners up front will include Mahmoud Hassan — better known by his nickname Trezeguet — and Mahmoud Abdel-Monaim — also known as Kahrabah. Tre", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00739", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00327", "text": "of the most popular are extremely violent. One recent study by Strategic Record Research found that 64 percent of teenagers played video or personal computer games on a regular basis. Other surveys of children as young as elementary school age found that almost half of them list violent computer games among their favorites. (21) Violent video games often present violence in a glamorized light. Game players are often cast in the role of shooter, with points scored for each ``kill''. Similarly, advertising for such games often touts violent content as a selling point--the more graphic and extreme, the better. (22) As the popularity and graphic nature of such video games grows, so do their potential to negatively influence impressionable children. (23) Music is another extremely pervasive and popular form of entertainment. American children and teenagers listen to music more than any other demographic group. The Journal of American Medicine reported that between the 7th and 12th grades the average teenager listens to 10,500 hours of rock or rap music, just slightly less than the entire number of hours spent in the classroom from kindergarten through high school. (24) Teens are among the heaviest purchasers of music, and are most to favor music genres that depict, and often glamorize violence. (25) Music has a powerful ability to influence perceptions, attitudes, and emotional state. The use of music as therapy indicates its potential to increase emotional, psychological, and physical health. That influence can be used for ill as well. SEC. 3. CONSTRUCTION. This Act may not be construed as-- (1) providing the Federal Government with any authority to restrict television programming, movies, video games, Internet content, or music lyrics that is in addition to the authority to restrict such programming, movies, games, content, or lyrics under law as of the date of the enactment of this Act; or (2) approving any action of the Federal Government to restrict such programming, movies, games, content, or lyrics that is in addition to any actions undertaken for that purpose by the Federal Government under law as of such date. SEC. 4. EXEMPTION OF VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS ON GUIDELINES FOR CERTAIN ENTERTAINMENT MATERIAL FROM APPLICABILITY OF ANTITRUST LAWS. (a) Exemption.--Subject to subsection (b), the antitrust laws shall not apply to any joint discussion, consideration, review, action, or agreement by or among persons", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01042", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00328", "text": "HET optical spectroscopy and unfiltered ROTSE-III photometry spanning the first 11 months since explosion of the Type II-P SN 2006bp are presented. Flux limits from the days before discovery combined with the initial rapid brightening suggest the supernova was first detected just hours after shock breakout. Optical spectra obtained about 2 days after breakout exhibit narrow emission lines corresponding to HeII 4200, HeII 4686, and CIV 5805 in the rest frame, and these features persist in a second observation obtained 5 hours later; however, these emission lines are not detected the following night nor in subsequent observations. We suggest that these lines emanate from material close to the explosion site, in the outer layers of the progenitor that have been ionized by the high energy photons released at shock breakout. A P-Cygni profile is observed around 4450 A in the +2 and +3 day spectra. Previous studies have attributed this feature to high velocity H-beta, but we discuss the possibility that this profile is instead due to HeII 4687. Further HET observations (14 nights in total) covering the spectral evolution across the photometric plateau up to 73 days after breakout and during the nebular phase around day +340 are presented, and expansion velocities are derived for key features. The measured decay slope for the unfiltered light curve is 0.0073 +/- 0.0004 mag/day between days +121 and +335, which is significantly slower than the decay of rate 56Co. We combine our HET measurements with published X-ray, UV, and optical data to obtain a quasi-bolometric light curve through day +60. We see a slow cooling over the first 25 days, but no sign of an early sharp peak; any such feature from the shock breakout must have lasted less than ~1 day.[ABRIDGED]", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 385, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00176", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00329", "text": ", nothing in the amendments made by this section shall be construed as permitting the application of the enhanced FMAP (as defined in section 2105(b) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397ee(b)) to expenditures that are attributable to disabled children provided medical assistance under section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(XIX) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(10)(A)(ii)(XIX)) (as added by subsection (a) of this section). (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to medical assistance for items and services furnished on or after October 1, 2006. SEC. 3. TREATMENT OF INPATIENT PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS UNDER AGE 21 IN HOME OR COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES WAIVERS. (a) In General.--Section 1915(c) (42 U.S.C. 1396n(c)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (1)-- (A) in the first sentence, by inserting ``, or would require inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21,'' after ``intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded''; and (B) in the second sentence, by inserting ``, or would require inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21'' before the period; (2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``or services in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded'' each place it appears and inserting ``services in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded, or inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21''; (3) in paragraph (2)(C)-- (A) by inserting ``, or who are determined to be to require inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21,'' after ``, or intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded''; and (B) by striking ``or services in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded'' and inserting ``services in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded, or inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21''; and (4) in paragraph (7)(A)-- (A) by inserting ``or would require inpatient psychiatric hospital services for individuals under age 21,'' after ``intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded,''; and (B) by inserting ``", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00942", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00330", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Cardiac Arrest Survival Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) Each year more than 350,000 adults suffer cardiac arrest, usually away from a hospital. More than 95 percent of them will die, in many cases, because lifesaving defibrillators arrive on the scene too late, if at all. (2) These cardiac arrest deaths occur primarily from occult underlying heart disease and from drownings, allergic or sensitivity reactions, or electrical shocks. (3) Survival from cardiac arrest requires successful early implementation of a chain of events--the chain of survival which begins when the person sustains a cardiac arrest and continues until the person arrives at the hospital. (4) A successful chain of survival requires the first person on the scene to take rapid and simple initial steps to care for the patient and to assure the patient promptly enters the emergency medical services system. (5) The first persons on the scene when an arrest occurs are typically lay persons who are friends or family of the victim, fire services, public safety personnel, basic life support emergency medical services providers, teachers, coaches, and supervisors of sports or other extracurricular activities, providers of day care, schoolbus drivers, lifeguards, attendants at public gatherings, coworkers, and other leaders within the community. (6) A coordinated Federal response is necessary to ensure that appropriate and timely lifesaving interventions are provided to persons sustaining nontraumatic cardiac arrest. The Federal response should include, but not be limited to-- (A) significantly expanded research concerning the efficacy of various methods of providing immediate out- of-hospital lifesaving interventions to the nontraumatic cardiac arrest patient; (B) the development of research-based, nationally uniform, easily learned and well retained model core educational content concerning the use of such lifesaving interventions by health care professionals, allied health personnel, emergency medical services personnel, public safety personnel, and other persons who are to arrive immediately at the scene of a sudden cardiac arrest; (C) an identification of the legal, political, financial, and other barriers to implementing these lifesaving interventions; and (D) the development of model State legislation to reduce identified barriers and to enhance each State's response to this significant problem. SEC. 3. NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MODEL PROGRAM ON THE FIRST LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL. Section 421", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01011", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00331", "text": "than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall direct that all elements of the Department of Defense suspend use of depleted uranium munitions. (b) Duration.--(1) The suspension of use of depleted uranium munitions required by subsection (a) shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Health and Human Services, based upon the results of the study under section 7(a), certifies to the committees specified in paragraph (2) that use of depleted uranium munitions in future conflicts-- (A) will not pose a long-term or residual threat to the health of United States or NATO military personnel; and (B) will not jeopardize the health of civilian populations in the area of such use. (2) The committees specified in this paragraph are the following: (A) The Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Government Reform of the House of Representatives. (B) The Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate. (c) Future Use Limited to Stocks Free of Transuranic Matter.--Upon a certification by the Secretary of Health and Human Services described in subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense shall limit any subsequent use of depleted uranium munitions to stocks of such munitions that the Secretary certifies to be free of plutonium and other transuranic matter. SEC. 5. SUSPENSION OF SALE AND EXPORT OF DEPLETED URANIUM MUNITIONS. (a) Suspension of Sale and Export.--Upon the enactment of this Act, all elements of the Government with responsibility for approving the foreign sale or export of munitions shall suspend the approval of the sale and export of munitions containing depleted uranium. (b) Duration.--The suspension required by subsection (a) of approval of the foreign sale and export of depleted uranium munitions shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Health and Human Services makes a certification described in section 4(b). (c) Future Exports To Be Limited to Stocks Free of Transuranic Matter.--Upon a certification by the Secretary of Health and Human Services described in section 4(b), any subsequent foreign sale or export of depleted uranium munitions or preproduction depleted uranium may be made only from stocks of such munitions or preproduction depleted uranium that the Secretary of Defense certifies to be free of plutonium and other transuranic matter, excluding depleted uranium. SEC. 6. COMPTROLLER GENERAL INVESTIGATION OF PL", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00918", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00332", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``State Secret Protection Act of 2009''. SEC. 2. STATE SECRET PRIVILEGE. In any civil action brought in Federal or State court, the Government has a privilege to refuse to give information and to prevent any person from giving information only if the Government shows that public disclosure of the information that the Government seeks to protect would be reasonably to cause significant harm to the national defense or the diplomatic relations of the United States. SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF SECRETS. (a) In General.--The court shall take steps to protect sensitive information that comes before the court in connection with proceedings under this Act. These steps may include reviewing evidence or pleadings and hearing arguments ex parte, issuing protective orders, requiring security clearance for parties or counsel, placing material under seal, and applying security procedures established under the Classified Information Procedures Act for classified information to protect the sensitive information. (b) In Camera Proceedings.--All hearings and other proceedings under this Act may be conducted in camera, as needed to protect information that may be subject to the privilege. (c) Participation of Counsel.--Participation of counsel in proceedings under this Act shall not be limited unless the court determines that the limitation is a necessary step to protect information the Government asserts is protected by the privilege or that supports the claim of privilege and that no less restrictive means of protection suffice. The court shall give a written explanation of its decision to the parties and their counsel, which may be placed under seal. (d) Production of Adequate Substitute Pending Resolution of the Claim of Privilege.--If at any point during its consideration of the Government's claim, the court determines that disclosure of information to a party or counsel, or disclosure of information by a party that already possesses it, presents a risk of a harm described in section 2 that cannot be addressed through less restrictive means provided in this section, the court may require the Government to produce an adequate substitute, such as a redacted version, summary of the information, or stipulation regarding the relevant facts, if the court deems such a substitute feasible. The substitute must be reviewed and approved by the court and must provide counsel with a substantially equivalent opportunity to assess and challenge the Government's claim of privilege as would the protected information. SEC. 4. ASSERTION OF THE PRIVILEGE. (a) In General.--The Government may assert the privilege in connection with any claim in a civil", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01028", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00333", "text": "In Papers II and III we show that Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLPs) are related to lunar outgassing, albeit in ways not fully understood. Here we propose a path forward, in which current and forthcoming technologies provide a more controlled, sensitive probe of lunar outgassing. Many of these techniques are being realized for the first time. Given the optical transient/outgassing connection, progress can be made by remote sensing, and we suggest programs of imaging, spectroscopy and combinations thereof. However, as found in Paper II, many aspects of lunar outgassing seem covert in nature. TLPs betray outgassing, but not all outgassing produces TLPs. Some outgassing may never appear at the surface, but remain trapped in the regolith. We also suggest more intrusive techniques, from radar mapping to in-situ probes. Understanding these volatiles promising in terms of a resource for humans on the Moon and beyond, and offers an interesting scientific goal in its own right. Hence this paper is a series of proposed techniques, some in practice, some which be soon, and some requiring significant future investment, some of which may prove unwise pending results from predecessor investigations. These point towards enhancement of our knowledge of lunar outgassing, its relation to other lunar processes, and an increase in our understanding of how volatiles are involved in the evolution of the Moon. We emphasize certain ground-based observations in time for flights of SELENE, LRO and other robotic missions, and others before extensive human xploration. We discuss how study of the pristine lunar atmosphere pertains to understanding the role of anthropogenic volatiles, an important confusing signal", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 342, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00297", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00334", "text": "operations under this section;''; and (5) in the third sentence by inserting ``and the extent of such deletion shall be indicated on the portion of the record which is made available or published at the place in the record where such deletion was made'' after ``explained fully in writing''. SEC. 5. LIST OF RECORDS MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC AND HONORING FORMAT REQUESTS. Section 552(a)(3) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by-- (1) inserting ``(A)'' after ``(3)''; (2) striking out ``(A) reasonably'' and inserting in lieu thereof ``(i) reasonably''; (3) striking out ``(B)'' and inserting in lieu thereof ``(ii)''; and (4) adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraphs: ``(B) A list of all records which are made available to any person under this paragraph shall be made available for public inspection and copying as provided under paragraph (2) of this subsection. Copies of all such records, regardless of form or format, which because of the nature of their subject matter, have become or are to become the subject of subsequent requests under this paragraph for substantially the same records, shall be made available for inspection and copying as provided under paragraph (2) of this subsection. ``(C) An agency shall, as requested by any person, provide records in any form or format in which such records are maintained by that agency. ``(D) An agency shall make reasonable efforts to provide records in the form or format requested by any person, including in an electronic form or format, even where such records are not usually maintained but are available in such form or format.''. SEC. 6. DELAYS. (a) Fees.--Section 552(a)(4)(A) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new clause: ``(viii) If at an agency's request, the Comptroller General determines that the agency annually has either provided responsive documents or denied requests in substantial compliance with the requirements of paragraph (6)(A), one-half of the fees collected under this section shall be credited to the collecting agency and expended to offset the costs of complying with this section through staff development and acquisition of additional request processing resources. The remaining fees collected under this section shall be remitted to the Treasury as general funds or miscellaneous receipts.''. (b) Payment of the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01018", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00336", "text": "In this work, we study the isospin-violating decay of $\\phi\\to \\omega\\pi^0$ and quantify the electromagnetic (EM) transitions and intermediate meson exchanges as two major sources of the decay mechanisms. In the EM decays, the present datum status allows a good constraint on the EM decay form factor in the vector meson dominance (VMD) model, and it turns out that the EM transition can only account for about $1/4\\sim 1/3$ of the branching ratio for $\\phi\\to \\omega\\pi^0$. The intermediate meson exchanges, $K\\bar{K}(K^*)$ (intermediate $K\\bar{K}$ interaction via $K^*$ exchanges), $K\\bar{K^*}(K)$ (intermediate $K\\bar{K^*}$ rescattering via kaon exchanges), and $K\\bar{K^*}(K^*)$ (intermediate $K\\bar{K^*}$ rescattering via $K^*$ exchanges), which evade the naive Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule, serve as another important contribution to the isospin violations. They are evaluated with effective Lagrangians where explicit constraints from experiment can be applied. Combining these three contributions, we obtain results in good agreement with the experimental data. This approach is also extended to $J/\\psi(\\psi^\\prime)\\to \\omega\\pi^0$, where we find contributions from the $K\\bar{K}(K^*)$, $K\\bar{K^*}(K)$ and $K\\bar{K^*}(K^*)$ loops are negligibly small, and the isospin violation is to be dominated by the EM transition.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 370, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00207", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00337", "text": "The reionization of the Universe has profound effects on the way galaxies form and on their observed properties at later times. Of particular importance is the relative timing of the reionization history of a region and its halo assembly history, which can affect the nature of the first stars formed in that region, the properties and radial distribution of its stellar halo, globular cluster population and its satellite galaxies. We distinguish two basic cases for the reionization of a halo - internal reionization, whereby the stars forming in situ reionize their host galaxy, and external reionization, whereby the progenitor of a galaxy is reionized by external radiation before its own stars are able to form in sufficient numbers. We use a set of large-scale radiative transfer and structure formation simulations, based on cosmologies derived from both WMAP 1-year and WMAP 3-year data, to evaluate the mean reionization redshifts and the probability of internal/external reionization for Local Group-like systems, galaxies in the field and central cD galaxies in clusters. We find that these probabilities are strongly dependent on the underlying cosmology and the efficiency of photon production, but also on the halo mass. There is a rapid transition between predominantly external and predominantly internal reionization at a mass scale of 1.0e12 Msun (corresponding roughly to L*galaxies), with haloes less massive than this being reionized preferentially from distant sources. We provide a fit for the reionization redshift as a function of halo mass, which helpful to parameterize reionization in semi-analytical models of galaxy formation on cosmological scales. We find no statistical correlation between the reionization history of field galaxies and their environment.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00113", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00338", "text": "After a brief cold snap moved into the region last week, temperatures have been about 20 degrees above normal, according to the National Weather Service. Grand Forks' high went from 2 degrees last Wednesday to 22 on Thursday and 38 on Friday, a 36-degree jump in two days. Highs have lingered in the high 30s this week and are expected to climb into the low and mid-40s by the weekend, according to the National Weather Service. \"We have gotten into the 44 to 51 range for this week of February,\" NWS meteorologist Pete Speicher said of past weather readings. \"We've been as warm as 51 back in 2000. It's not totally uncommon, but it's still well above seasonal norms.\" An extended outlook from NWS favors above-normal temperatures next week for most of the country except for the West Coast and Alaska. Northwest Minnesota and northeast North Dakota have a 70 to 90 percent chance of seeing unseasonably warm weather. Records possible Some cities have a shot of setting record highs. The lowest record high for next week was set Feb. 19, 2016, at the Grand Forks International Airport with 44 degrees. \"That would be the easiest to break,\" Speicher said, adding the forecast for Sunday is 45 degrees. No high records have been set in February so far this year. Above-freezing temperatures good news for southern and western parts of North Dakota. The warm weather should speed up snowmelt, helping to remove excess moisture from river basins along watersheds. Fields in the southern part of the Red River Valley have little snow compared with the Red River of the North starting near Hillsboro. Paths could open up as the snow melts, taking the excess water to rivers, streams and lakes. Areas should be on the lookout for rising water levels, but but the melt taking off that excess water from snowpack slowly could help alleviate flooding in the spring, according to the NWS. Less snow could mean less moisture that could flow over the plains. \"Anything helps,\" Speicher said. \"It definitely helps that we are going back below freezing at night because that slows the flow rate down.\" Devils Lake Basin To the west, Devils Lake could see above-freezing temperatures today and into the weekend, with some days going above 40 degrees. A slow melt can't hurt the Devils Lake Basin, said Jeff Frith, manager of", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00604", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00339", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Under section 2576a of title 10, United States Code, the Department of Defense is authorized to provide excess property to local law enforcement agencies. The Defense Logistics Agency, administers such section by operating the Law Enforcement Support Office program. (2) New and used material, including mine-resistant ambush- protected vehicles and weapons determined by the Department of Defense to be ``military grade'' are transferred to local and Federal law enforcement agencies through the program. (3) As a result local law enforcement agencies, including police and sheriff's departments, are acquiring this material for use in their normal operations. (4) As a result of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, military equipment purchased for, and used in, those wars has become excess property and has been made available for transfer to local and Federal law enforcement agencies. (5) According to public reports, approximately 12,000 police organizations across the country were able to procure nearly $500,000,000 worth of excess military merchandise including firearms, computers, helicopters, clothing, and other products, at no charge during fiscal year 2011 alone. (6) More than $4,000,000,000 worth of weapons and equipment have been transferred to police organizations in all 50 states and four territories through the program. (7) In May 2012, the Defense Logistics Agency instituted a moratorium on weapons transfers through the program after reports of missing equipment and inappropriate weapons transfers. (8) Though the moratorium was widely publicized, it was lifted in October 2013 without adequate safeguards. (9) As a result, Federal, State, and local law enforcement departments across the country are eligible again to acquire free ``military-grade'' weapons and equipment that used inappropriately during policing efforts in which citizens and taxpayers harmed. (10) Pursuant to section III(J) of a Defense Logistics Agency memorandum of understanding, property obtained through the program must be placed into use within one year of receipt, providing an incentive for the unnecessary and potentially dangerous use of ``military grade'' equipment by local law enforcement. (11) The Department of Defense categorizes equipment eligible for transfer under the 1033 program as ``controlled'' and ``un-controlled'' equipment. ``Controlled equipment", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00977", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00340", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration let a top Russian spy official visit the United States last week for meetings with U.S. intelligence officials even though there are sanctions against him that typically prohibit such visits, officials said Tuesday. The Russian ambassador to the U.S., Anatoly Antonov, said on Russian state TV that Sergei Naryshkin, head of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, met with his U.S. counterparts about the fight against terrorism. The visit came less than a week before President Donald Trump decided not to issue any new sanctions against Russian politicians and oligarchs over Russian meddling in the U.S. election. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., a frequent critic of Trump's treatment of Russian President Vladimir Putin and his government, said the timing of the trip was suspicious. \"This is a serious national security issue,\" Schumer told reporters. \"Russia hacked our elections. We sanctioned the head of their foreign intelligence, and then the Trump administration invites him to waltz through our front door. This is an extreme dereliction of duty by President Trump, who more intent on undermining the rule of law in this country than standing up to Putin.\" Schumer wants to know whether sanctions were discussed, whether Naryshkin also met with White House or national security officials and whether other sanctioned Russian officials were along on the trip. Naryshkin was sanctioned in 2014 in response to Russia's annexation of Crimea. The CIA released a statement saying that while it does not discuss the schedules of U.S. intelligence leaders, \"rest assured that any interaction with foreign intelligence agencies would have been conducted in accordance with U.S. law and in consultation with appropriate departments and agencies.\" Jonathan Schanzer, a sanctions expert at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, said that typically, people who have been sanctioned have their assets frozen and are barred from entering the United States. He said there are cases where individuals from sanctioned countries enter the United States after getting permission to attend meetings at the United Nations. Situations like Naryshkin's visit are more unusual, Schanzer said. \"We don't see this sort of thing being reported very often,\" he said. ___ Associated Press writers Richard Lardner in Washington and Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 463, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00787", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00341", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Teen Pregnancy Prevention, Responsibility, and Opportunity Act of 2006''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds as follows: (1) The United States has the highest teen-pregnancy rate and teen birth rate in the western industrialized world, costing the United States not less than $7,000,000,000 annually. (2) About 1 out of 3 of all young women in the United States becomes pregnant before she reaches the age of 20. (3) Teen pregnancy has serious consequences for young women, their children, and communities as a whole. Too-early childbearing increases the likelihood that a young woman will drop out of high school and that she and her child will live in poverty. (4) Statistically, the sons of teen mothers are more to end up in prison. The daughters of teen mothers are more to end up teen mothers too. (5) Teens that grow up in disadvantaged economical, social, and familial circumstances are more to engage in risky behavior and have a child during adolescence. (6) Teens with strong emotional attachments to their parents are more to become sexually active at a later age. 7 out of 10 teens say that they are prepared to listen to things parents thought they were not ready to hear. (7) 78 percent of white and 70 percent of African American teenagers report that lack of communication between a teenage girl and her parents is frequently a reason a teenage girl has a baby. (8) One study found that the likelihood of teens having sex for the first time increased with the number of unsupervised hours teens have during a week. (9) After-school programs reduce teen risky behavior by involving teens in activities that provide alternatives to sex. Teenage girls who play sports, for instance, are more to delay sex and have fewer partners and less to become pregnant. (10) After-school programs help prevent teen pregnancy by advancing good decision-making skills and providing teens health education and positive role models in a supervised setting. (11) 8 in 10 girls and 6 in 10 boys report that they wish they had waited until they were older to have sex. SEC. 3. EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR PREVENTING TEEN PREGNANCIES. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this Act as the ``", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01031", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00342", "text": "We have carried out near-infrared (NIR) imaging observations of the Carina Nebula for an area of ~400 sq. arcmin. including the star clusters Trumpler 14 (Tr 14) and Trumpler 16 (Tr 16). With 10 sigma limiting magnitudes of J ~ 18.5, H ~ 17.5 and K_s ~ 16.5, we identified 544 Class II and 11 Class I young star candidates. We find some 40 previously unknown very red sources with H-K_s > 2, most of which remain undetected at the J band. The red NIR sources are found to be concentrated to the south-east of Tr 16, along the `V' shaped dust lane, where the next generation of stars to be forming. In addition, we find indications of ongoing star formation near the three MSX point sources, G287.51-0.49, G287.47-0.54, and G287.63-0.72. A handful of red NIR sources are seen to populate around each of these MSX sources. Apart from this, we identified two hard Chandra X-ray sources near G287.47-0.54, one of which does not have an NIR counterpart and may be associated with a Class I/Class 0 object. The majority of the Class II candidates, on the other hand, are seen to be distributed in the directions of the clusters, demarcating different evolutionary stages in this massive star-forming region. A comparison of the color-magnitude diagrams of the clusters with pre-main sequence model tracks shows that the stellar population of these clusters is very young (< 3 Myr). The K_s band luminosity function (KLF) of Tr 14 shows structure at the faint end, including a sharp peak due to the onset of deuterium burning, implying an age of 1-2 Myr for the cluster. The KLF of Tr 16, in contrast, is found to rise smoothly until it turns over. The slopes of the mass functions derived for the clusters are found to be in agreement with the canonical value of the field star initial mass function derived by Salpeter.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 454, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00251", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00343", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Comprehensive Comparative Study of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Populations Act of 2006''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) Securing the health of the Nation's children is our most important concern as parents and stewards of the Nation's future. (2) The Nation's vaccine program has greatly reduced human suffering from infectious disease by preventing and reducing the outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases. (3) Total health outcomes are the best measure of the success of any public health effort, including security from both chronic and infectious disease. (4) Childhood immunizations are an important tool in the pursuit of childhood health. (5) The number of immunizations administered to infants, pregnant women, children, teenagers, and adults has grown dramatically over recent years. (6) The incidence of chronic, unexplained diseases such as autism, learning disabilities, and other neurological disorders have increased dramatically in recent years. (7) Individual vaccines are tested for safety, but little safety testing has been conducted for interaction effects of multiple vaccines. (8) The strategy of aggressive, early childhood immunization against a large number of infectious diseases has never been tested in its entirety against alternative strategies, either for safety or for total health outcomes. (9) Childhood immunizations are the only health interventions that are required by States of all citizens in order to participate in civic society. (10) Public confidence in the management of public health can only be maintained if these State government-mandated, mass vaccination programs-- (A) are tested rigorously and in their entirety against all reasonable safety concerns; and (B) are verified in their entirety to produce superior health outcomes. (11) There are numerous United States populations in which a practice of no vaccination is followed and which therefore provide a natural comparison group for comparing total health outcomes. (12) No comparative study of such health outcomes has ever been conducted. (13) Given rising concern over the high rates of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, the need for such studies is becoming urgent. SEC. 3. STUDY ON HEALTH OUTCOMES IN VACCINATED AND UNVACCINATED AMERICAN POPULATIONS. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary''), acting through the Director of the National Institutes of Health", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01036", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00344", "text": "(3) Open educational resource.--The term ``open educational resource'' means an educational resource that either is in the public domain or is made available under a permanent copyright license to the public to freely adapt, distribute, and otherwise use the work with attribution to the author as designated. (4) Open textbook.--The term ``open textbook'' means an open educational resource or set of open educational resources that either is a textbook or can be used in place of a textbook for a postsecondary course at an institution of higher education. (5) Relevant faculty.--The term ``relevant faculty'' means both tenure track and contingent faculty members who may be involved in the creation of open educational resources or the use of open educational resources created as part of the grant application. (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Education. SEC. 4. GRANT PROGRAM. (a) Grants Authorized.--From the amounts appropriated under subsection (i), the Secretary shall make grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities to support pilot programs that expand the use of open textbooks in order to achieve savings for students. (b) Eligible Entity.--In this section, the term ``eligible entity'' means an institution of higher education or group of institutions of higher education. (c) Applications.-- (1) In general.--Each eligible entity desiring a grant under this section, after consultation with relevant faculty, shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably require. (2) Contents.--Each application submitted under paragraph (1) shall include a description of the project to be completed with grant funds and-- (A) a plan for promoting and tracking the use of open textbooks in postsecondary courses offered by the eligible entity, including an estimate of the projected savings that will be achieved for students; (B) a plan for evaluating, before creating new open educational resources, whether existing open educational resources used or adapted for the same purpose; (C) a plan for quality review and review of accuracy of any open educational resources to be created or adapted through the grant; (D) a plan for disseminating information about the results of the project to institutions of higher education outside of the eligible entity, including promoting the adoption of any open textbooks created or adapted through the grant; and (E) a statement on consultation with relevant faculty, including those engaged in the creation of open educational resources, in the development of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00962", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00345", "text": "We present sensitive near-infrared spectroscopic observations for a sample of five z ~ 6 quasars. These are amongst the most distant, currently known quasars in the universe. The spectra have been obtained using ISAAC at the VLT and include the CIV, MgII and FeII lines. We measure the FeII/MgII line ratio, as an observational proxy for the Fe/alpha element ratio. We derive a ratio of 2.7+/-0.8 for our sample, which is similar to that found for lower redshift quasars, i.e., we provide additional evidence for the lack of evolution in the FeII/MgII line ratio of quasars up to the highest redshifts. This result demonstrates that the sample quasars must have undergone a major episode of iron enrichment in less than one Gyr and star formation must have commenced at z > 8. The linewidths of the MgII and CIV lines give two estimates for the black hole masses. A third estimate is given by assuming that the quasars emit at their Eddington luminosity. The derived masses using these three methods agree well, implying that the quasars are not to be strongly lensed. We derive central black hole masses of 0.3-5.2 10^9 solar masses. We use the difference between the redshift of MgII (a proxy for the systemic redshift of the quasar) and the onset of the Gunn Peterson trough to derive the extent of the ionized Stromgren spheres around our target quasars. The derived physical radii are about five Mpc. Using a simple ionization model, the emission of the central quasars would need of order 10^6-10^8 year to create these cavities in a surrounding intergalactic medium with a neutral fraction between 0.1 and 1.0. As the e-folding time scale for the central accreting black hole is on the order of a few times 10^7 year, it can grow by one e-folding or less within this time span.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 434, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00349", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00346", "text": "Although both systems analyzed are described through two theories apparently different (quantum mechanics and game theory) it is shown that both are analogous and thus exactly equivalents. The quantum analogue of the replicator dynamics is the von Neumann equation. Quantum mechanics used to explain more correctly biological and economical processes. It could even encloses theories like games and evolutionary dynamics. We can take some concepts and definitions from quantum mechanics and physics for the best understanding of the behavior of economics and biology. Also, we could understand nature like a game in where its players compete for a common welfare and the equilibrium of the system that they are members. All the members of our system will play a game in which its maximum payoff is the equilibrium of the system. They act as a whole besides individuals like they obey a rule in where they prefer to work for the welfare of the collective besides the individual welfare. A system where its members are in Nash Equilibrium (or ESS) is exactly equivalent to a system in a maximum entropy state. A system is stable only if it maximizes the welfare of the collective above the welfare of the individual. If it is maximized the welfare of the individual above the welfare of the collective the system gets unstable an eventually collapses. The results of this work shows that the \"globalization\" process has a behavior exactly equivalent to a system that is tending to a maximum entropy state and predicts the apparition of big common markets and strong common currencies that will find its \"equilibrium\" by decreasing its number until they get a state characterized by only one common currency and only one common market around the world.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00354", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00347", "text": "way facilitates uninhibited, robust and wide-open public debate; and restrictions on such sale would not affect public debate. (6) No one should seek to profit from the sale of Social Security numbers in circumstances that create a substantial risk of physical, emotional, or financial harm to the individuals to whom those numbers are assigned. (7) Consequently, Congress should enact legislation that will offer individuals assigned such numbers necessary protection from the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers in circumstances that facilitate unlawful conduct or that otherwise result in unfair and deceptive practices. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal Trade Commission. (2) Person.--The term ``person'' means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate, cooperative, association, or any other entity. (3) Sale.--The term ``sale'' means obtaining, directly or indirectly, anything of value in exchange for a Social Security number or Social Security account number. Such term does not include the submission of such numbers as part of the process for applying for any type of Government benefit or programs (such as grant or loan applications or welfare or other public assistance programs). Such term also does not include transfers of such numbers as part of a data matching program under the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act. (4) Purchase.--The term ``purchase'' means providing directly or indirectly, anything of value in exchange for a Social Security number or Social Security account number. Such term does not include the submission of such numbers as part of the process for applying for any type of Government benefit or programs (such as grant or loan applications or welfare or other public assistance programs). Such term also does not include transfers of such numbers as part of a data matching program under the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act. (5) Social security number; social security account number.--The terms ``Social Security number'' and ``Social Security account number'' have the meaning given those terms in section 208 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 408). (6) State.--The term ``State'' means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and any territory or possession of the United States. SEC. 4. REGULATION OF THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS AND SOCIAL SECURITY ACCOUNT NUMBERS. (a) Prohibition.--", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00842", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00348", "text": "TAIPEI (Taiwan News)—A first batch of unused fuel rods purchased for the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant has been transported out of Taiwan on Wednesday morning, but authorities have refused to confirm, according to a CNA report. The report said eight cargo vehicles allegedly carrying fuel rods were waiting at Keelung Harbor in northern Taiwan for the goods to be lifted onto a cargo ship, as people concerned with the operation looking on. A person wearing a vest bearing the words “radiation protection unit” refused to make a comment when asked by a CNA reporter whether fuel rods were being transported out of the country, the report said. Another wearing a “Lungmen Power Plant” (another name for the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant) helmet waved his hands, signaling that he didn’t want to make a comment either, according to the report. Seven or eight police officers from Keelung Harbor Police Department were at the wharf to secure the operation, and none of them was willing to talk about the operation, according to the report. A yellow van bearing the words “Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant” was parked beside the wharf, and inside the vehicle were a few yellow strips among other stuff printed with nuclear logos and the words “UN3328 radioactive material,\" CNA reported. After the loading was completed, the ship left the port. State-run Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) didn’t want to confirm that the operation was about shipping out the first batch of the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant’s fuel rods citing confidentiality agreement, according to the report. Liu Wen-chung (劉文忠), head of the radioactive waste management department under the Atomic Energy Council, said his office had approved Taipower’s application to transport the fuel rods overseas, the report said. Taipower plans to transform the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant into a comprehensive power park, and ship the 1,744 fuel rods in the plant out of the country by the end of 2020, a move the company said would reduce manpower and save NT$100 million asset management fee a year.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 419, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00768", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00349", "text": "(D) to align Federal agency Web sites and publications; (E) to support national tourism goals; (F) to identify agency programs that used to support tourism capacity building and help sustain tourism infrastructure in Native American communities; (G) to develop innovative visitor portals for parks, landmarks, heritage and cultural sites, and assets that showcase and respect the diversity of the indigenous peoples of the United States; (H) to share local Native American heritage through the development of bilingual interpretive and directional signage that could include or incorporate English and the local Native American language or languages; and (I) to improve access to transportation programs related to Native American community capacity building for tourism and trade, including transportation planning for programs related to visitor enhancement and safety. (2) Consultation with indian tribes and native americans.--In developing the plan under paragraph (1), the head of each agency shall consult with Indian tribes and the Native American community to identify appropriate levels of inclusion of the Indian tribes and Native Americans in Federal tourism activities, public records and publications, including Native American tourism information available on Web sites. (d) Technical Assistance.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, shall enter into a memorandum of understanding or cooperative agreement with an entity or organization with a demonstrated record in tribal communities of defining, introducing, developing, and sustaining American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian tourism and related activities in a manner that respects and honors native traditions and values. (2) Coordination.--The memorandum of understanding or cooperative agreement described in paragraph (1) shall formalize a role for the organization or entity to serve as a facilitator between the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce and the Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations-- (A) to identify areas where technical assistance is needed through consultations with Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations to empower the Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations to participate fully in the tourism industry; and (B) to provide a means for the delivery of technical assistance and coordinate the delivery of the assistance to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations in collaboration with the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Commerce, and other entities with distinctive experience, as appropriate. (3) Funding.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, the head of each Federal agency, including the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00986", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00350", "text": "The focusing performance of X-ray optics (conveniently expressed in terms of HEW, Half Energy Width) strongly depend on both mirrors deformations and photon scattering caused by the microroughness of reflecting surfaces. In particular, the contribution of X-ray Scattering (XRS) to the HEW of the optic is usually an increasing function H(E) of the photon energy E. Therefore, in future hard X-ray imaging telescopes of the future (SIMBOL-X, NeXT, Constellation-X, XEUS), the X-ray scattering the dominant problem since they will operate also in the hard X-ray band (i.e. beyond 10 keV). [...] Several methods were proposed in the past years to estimate the scattering contribution to the HEW, dealing with the surface microroughness expressed in terms of its Power Spectral Density (PSD), on the basis of the well-established theory of X-ray scattering from rough surfaces. We faced that problem on the basis on the same theory, but we tried a new approach: the direct, analytical translation of a given surface roughness PSD into a H(E) trend, and - vice versa - the direct translation of a H(E) requirement into a surface PSD. This PSD represents the maximum tolerable microroughness level in order to meet the H(E) requirement in the energy band of a given X-ray telescope. We have thereby found a new, analytical and widely applicable formalism to compute the XRS contribution to the HEW from the surface PSD, provided that the PSD had been measured in a wide range of spatial frequencies. The inverse problem was also solved, allowing the immediate evaluation of the mirror surface PSD from a measured function H(E). The same formalism allows establishing the maximum allowed PSD of the mirror in order to fulfill a given H(E) requirement. [...]", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 372, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00043", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00351", "text": "Significant alignment and signed-intensity anomalies of local features of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are detected on the three-year WMAP data, through a decomposition of the signal with steerable wavelets on the sphere. Firstly, an alignment analysis identifies two mean preferred planes in the sky, both with normal axes close to the CMB dipole axis. The first plane is defined by the directions toward which local CMB features are anomalously aligned. A mean preferred axis is also identified in this plane, located very close to the ecliptic poles axis. The second plane is defined by the directions anomalously avoided by local CMB features. This alignment anomaly provides further insight on recent results (Wiaux et al. 2006). Secondly, a signed-intensity analysis identifies three mean preferred directions in the southern galactic hemisphere with anomalously high or low temperature of local CMB features: a cold spot essentially identified with a known cold spot (Vielva et al. 2004), a second cold spot lying very close to the southern end of the CMB dipole axis, and a hot spot lying close to the southern end of the ecliptic poles axis. In both analyses, the anomalies are observed at wavelet scales corresponding to angular sizes around 10 degress on the celestial sphere, with global significance levels around 1%. Further investigation reveals that the alignment and signed-intensity anomalies are only very partially related. Instrumental noise, foreground emissions, as well as some form of other systematics, are strongly rejected as possible origins of the detections. An explanation still be envisaged in terms of a global violation of the isotropy of the Universe, inducing an intrinsic statistical anisotropy of the CMB.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00097", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00352", "text": "(abridged) The discovery of OGLE 2005-BLG-390Lb, the first cool rocky/icy exoplanet, impressively demonstrated the sensitivity of the microlensing technique to extra-solar planets below 10 M_earth. A planet of 1 M_earth in the same spot would have provided a detectable deviation with an amplitude of ~ 3 % and a duration of ~ 12 h. An early detection of a deviation could trigger higher-cadence sampling which would have allowed the discovery of an Earth-mass planet in this case. Here, we describe the implementation of an automated anomaly detector, embedded into the eSTAR system, that profits from immediate feedback provided by the robotic telescopes that form the RoboNet-1.0 network. It went into operation for the 2007 microlensing observing season. As part of our discussion about an optimal strategy for planet detection, we shed some new light on whether concentrating on highly-magnified events is promising and planets in the 'resonant' angular separation equal to the angular Einstein radius are revealed most easily. Given that sub-Neptune mass planets can be considered being common around the host stars probed by microlensing (preferentially M- and K-dwarfs), the higher number of events that can be monitored with a network of 2m telescopes and the increased detection efficiency for planets below 5 M_earth arising from an optimized strategy gives a common effort of current microlensing campaigns a fair chance to detect an Earth-mass planet (from the ground) ahead of the COROT or Kepler missions. The detection limit of gravitational microlensing extends even below 0.1 M_earth, but such planets are not very to be detected from current campaigns. However, these will be within the reach of high-cadence monitoring with a network of wide-field telescopes or a space-based telescope.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00264", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00353", "text": "SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — A top lieutenant of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is in the United States conducting one of three sets of parallel talks aimed at salvaging a summit between Kim and President Donald Trump. Kim Yong Chol is meeting with Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in New York to finalize plans for the summit, while lower-level officials have been meeting at the inter-Korean border and in Singapore for other pre-summit negotiations. A look at what is at stake in the three sets of talks: ___ U.S. TALKS Kim Yong Chol is to convey to Pompeo that Kim Jong Un is serious about the summit and also to discuss the contents of a joint statement to be issued at its end. Some experts say major thorny issues are still unsettled between the two countries, and that is why a senior official like Kim Yong Chol has traveled to the United States to narrow the gap. Trump abruptly canceled the summit last Thursday before quickly reversing course and announcing the meeting could happen. His decision came amid widespread doubt in the United States that North Korea would be willing to actually scrap a nuclear program it has struggled for decades to build. Meanwhile, South Korean President Moon Jae-in, who met Kim Jong Un last Saturday, said the North Korean leader is uncertain whether he can trust Trump's promise to provide a security guarantee if North Korea abandons its nuclear weapons. Given these basic concerns, Kim Yong Chol's talks with Pompeo are to focus on a possible compromise between Washington's push for a speedy nuclear disarmament and North Korea's preference for more gradual steps matched by corresponding benefits from the U.S. Kim Yong Chol, 72, is the most senior North Korean official to visit the United States since 2000. His official title is vice chairman of the ruling Workers' Party. He previously headed North Korea's military intelligence agency and was believed to be behind two attacks in 2010 that killed 50 South Koreans and a 2014 cyberattack on Sony Pictures. ___ DMZ TALKS U.S. and North Korean officials started talks on the North's side of a Korean border village on Sunday to set the agenda for the summit. The village is inside the mine-strewn 4-kilometer (2.5-mile) -wide Demilitarized Zone, a buffer created at the end of the 1950-53 Korean War. The U.S. delegation is headed by Sung Kim, the U.S. ambassador", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00736", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00354", "text": "We present a simple analytic model for the various contributions to the non-thermal emission from shell type SNRs, and show that this model's results reproduce well the results of previous detailed calculations. We show that the \\geq 1 TeV gamma ray emission from the shell type SNRs RX J1713.7-3946 and RX J0852.0-4622 is dominated by inverse-Compton scattering of CMB photons (and infra-red ambient photons) by accelerated electrons. Pion decay (due to proton-proton collisions) is shown to account for only a small fraction, \\lesssim10^-2, of the observed flux, as assuming a larger fractional contribution would imply nonthermal radio and X-ray synchrotron emission and thermal X-ray Bremsstrahlung emission that far exceed the observed radio and X-ray fluxes. Models where pion decay dominates the \\geq 1 TeV flux avoid the implied excessive synchrotron emission (but not the implied excessive thermal X-ray Bremsstrahlung emission) by assuming an extremely low efficiency of electron acceleration, K_ep \\lesssim 10^-4 (K_ep is the ratio of the number of accelerated electrons and the number of accelerated protons at a given energy). We argue that observations of SNRs in nearby galaxies imply a lower limit of K_ep \\gtrsim 10^-3, and thus rule out K_ep values \\lesssim 10^-4 (assuming that SNRs share a common typical value of K_ep). It is suggested that SNRs with strong thermal X-ray emission, rather than strong non-thermal X-ray emission, are more suitable candidates for searches of gamma rays and neutrinos resulting from proton-proton collisions. In particular, it is shown that the neutrino flux from the SNRs above is probably too low to be detected by current and planned neutrino observatories (Abridged).", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00284", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00355", "text": "Photo Credit: Getty Images You’ve heard that Orlando Bloom and Katy Perry recently concluded their year-long romance. Now Bloom—the man I most associate with elves who state the obvious—is sowing his wild oats. He’s “casually” dating Nina Dobrev and putting moves on model Ashley Haas. In fact, Dobrev was even present during the shenanigans with Haas. Apparently it’s the O-Bloom comeback tour: he’s keen for everyone to know that he’s a wild boy. Advertisement This behavior, taken on its own, is not unusual. People often indulge their ids after ending a longterm relationship, but in this case there may be an additional factor: Leonardo DiCaprio. Celebrity gossip virtuoso Lainey Gossip surmises that Leo has instructed his pal to keep things loose. “Getting ‘casual’ with Nina and then humping a model five minutes later at Coachella is exactly what’s been prescribed to him. By whom? I’ll say Leonardo DiCaprio,” LG hypothesizes. Advertisement By now, Leo’s own dating habits are infamous. He almost exclusively dates models who are in their twenties, and he happily situated as a bachelor. He also always attends Coachella. If Orlando and Leo are hitting the town together, it’s not far-fetched to think that the latter is influencing the former. And as LG points out, Perry, who is over 30 and increasingly political, would never catch Leo’s eye. She may have been a worthwhile pursuit when Bloom’s own popularity needed a boost, but that mission has more or less been accomplished. Here’s LG again: “...you get out as soon as you take what you came for. Which, I’m sure, Leo could understand. What he probably have a harder time with is being with a woman who’s not only no longer in her 20s, but who has opinions. Who is getting more and more political. Who is becoming more and more active in lobbying for women’s rights. Who is more and more interested in using her voice. It’s not like there are talking roles for women in Leo’s world.” Yikes. That’s harsh—but it sounds on the mark. [Lainey Gossip] Lily Collins sent a copy of her book, Unfiltered: No Shame, No Regrets, Just Me, to Michelle Obama and, as they say, you’ll never guess what happened next! Advertisement Sponsored Our Forever F", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00681", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00356", "text": "building different ways for access and people to do so. Whether that's through, as you mentioned, a content management system, or going directly to Po.et, or within your own domains. But once you do that, what can you actually do on the domain? And there's two major things. One is really being able to own and manage your ideas. So how do you issue a content license? What should that cost? How can you make sure that your ideas are being heard and transacted on? An example that I give often and we see it every single day on Twitter, is that if you put something up on Twitter, which is a piece of media that can go viral beyond just the at replies, there's also Huffington Post, and BuzzFeed, and others saying, \"Hey, Dan. I love this. Do you mind if I use this?\" And at that moment, you really have already put it on Twitter and you just assume, \"Sure, right. It's already out there.\" Well, what if you had the opportunity to say, \"Oh, there's clearly value in this content I'm creating. Sure, here's my private key with the smart contract and rules that you need to abide by if you want to license and leverage this content.\" So that is one thing that is extremely important that we'll learn both in terms of changing a behavior about applications of using blockchain for media. The other is this idea of transparency, as you mentioned, and reputation, right. In everything that we do in life, reputation matters. Like if you go to a hotel, you're going to look at the ratings. If you ride in an Uber, you look at ratings. Every single thing is based on that transparency and reputation. Even if you're going to eat something, right. Truth subjective, information subjective. Like the same way that you would look at the back of a carton of milk and say, \"Okay, there's a lot of fat, but I'm cool with it.\" Or, you may say, \"No, like I don't want all that fat.\" But when it comes to information and transparency, that doesn't really exist. So this idea of building reputation for creators, not just to say, \"That this creator tells the truth and this creator doesn't tell the truth.\" But just give transparency as to the way that they navigate it- Patterson: Yeah, ownership and", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 489, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00528", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00357", "text": "the 1977 Protocol to that Convention to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering to civilians, as depleted uranium has the potential to cause. (12) The Department of Defense has acknowledged that stocks of depleted uranium munitions have been contaminated with transuranic elements, including plutonium. (13) Plutonium is an extremely toxic, carcinogenic, and radioactive material with a half-life of 4.5 billion years. SEC. 3. PURPOSES. The purposes of this Act are the following: (1) To eliminate health threats from depleted uranium munitions to-- (A) United States military personnel and United States civilian employees; (B) military personnel and employees of member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; and (C) civilian populations in regions where such munitions were used (whether in conflict, training, or development) or produced. (2) To provide for studies of-- (A) the level and scope of contamination of depleted uranium munitions by plutonium and other transuranic elements; (B) the health effects resulting from exposure by inhalation, ingestion, or injection to depleted uranium munitions; and (C) environmental contamination caused by depleted uranium at sites where depleted uranium was used in conflict, development, testing, or training and at sites where depleted uranium and depleted uranium munitions were produced. (3) To require the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to issue regulations and requirements, based upon Environmental Protection Agency studies, concerning the cleanup and mitigation of depleted uranium contamination at sites of depleted uranium munition use and production in the United States. SEC. 4. SUSPENSION OF USE OF DEPLETED URANIUM MUNITIONS. (a) Suspension of Use.--Effective no later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall direct that all elements of the Department of Defense suspend use of depleted uranium munitions. (b) Duration.--(1) The suspension of use of depleted uranium munitions required by subsection (a) shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Health and Human Services, based upon the results of the study under section 7(a), certifies to the committees specified in paragraph (2) that use of depleted uranium munitions in future conflicts-- (A) will not pose a long-term or residual threat to the health of United States or NATO military personnel; and (B) will not jeopardize the health of civilian populations in the area of such use", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00917", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00358", "text": "The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) went into effect in May, requiring all organizations that handle the data of EU citizens to comply with its provisions regarding collecting and using personal data. However, a majority of companies missed the compliance deadline, and many employees remain unaware of the policies needed to keep data safe. \"Data privacy is a hot topic with GDPR going into effect,\" said Dave Rickard, technical director at CIPHER Security. \"An awful lot of companies may not think they have exposure to it, but there are lots of variables in that.\" For example, one online retailer Rickard works with has many customers from the EU, but can't geolocate them from the website. Others don't work with EU citizens, but have data processing and storage facilities there, which are also subject to GDPR. SEE: EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) policy (Tech Pro Research) GDPR will influence data privacy policies in other countries, Rickard said. However, cultural differences, particularly between the EU and US, may make this difficult. \"In the EU people are very centered on the perspective that 'My name, my social security number, my passport information, everything that is PII about me, belongs to me. It's part of my individuality,'\" he said. \"Whereas in North America, people have long since taken the perspective instead that data is currency. There are so many business models that are built on it. Data is money.\" The majority of companies that need to be compliant with GDPR are not yet, Rickard said. \"I'd say compliance right now is only at about 35% or 40% at the most,\" he said. \"a lot of people are taking a wait and see approach.\" Some of the bigger players like Facebook, Google, and Amazon are going to be the canaries in the coal mine, Rickard said. \"that they'll have actions taken on them first, and people are going to wait and see if the actual GDPR penalties play out the way that they've been published.\" Companies that fail to comply with GDPR will face a penalty of either 4% of their global revenue or €20 million, whichever is greater. Here are five types of policies that companies must ensure they have in place and have trained employees on in the age of GDPR, according to Rickard. 1. Encryption policies Most companies lack policies around data encryption, Rickard said. \"Most", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00511", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00359", "text": "The mysterious high galactic latitude cometary globule CG12 has been observed with the ACIS detector on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We detect 128 X-ray sources; half are young stars formed within the globule's head. This new population of >50 T-Tauri stars and one new embedded protostar is far larger than the previously reported few intermediate-mass and two protostellar members of the cloud. Most of the newly discovered stars have masses 0.2-0.7Mo, and 9-15% have K-band excesses from inner protoplanetary disks. X-ray properties provide an independent distance estimate consistent with CG12's unusual location >200pc above the Galactic plane. The star formation efficiency in CG12 be 15-35%, far above that seen in other triggered molecular globules. The median photometric age found for the T-Tauri population is ~4Myr with a large spread of <1-20Myr and ongoing star formation in the molecular cores. The stellar age and spatial distributions are inconsistent with a simple radiation driven implosion (RDI) model, and suggest either that CG12 is an atypically large shocked globule, or it has been subject to several distinct episodes of triggering and ablation. We report a previously unnoticed group of B-type stars northwest of CG12 which may be the remnants of an OB association which produced multiple supernova explosions that could have shocked and ablated the cloud over a 15-30Myr period. HD120958 (B3e), the most luminous member of the group, may be currently driving an RDI shock into the CG12 cloud.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00132", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00360", "text": "have projected. The Joint Committee on Taxation estimates that growth stimulated by the anticipated tax cuts in the Senate bill will generate some $408 billion in additional tax revenue over 10 years. For the House bill, the House-Senate committee sees $483 billion in new revenue. The Treasury analysis \"is nothing more than one page of fake math,\" said Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer. The analysis includes an assumption that tax cuts and other administration policies would cause the economy to expand at a 2.9 percent annual pace over 10 years. Economic growth at that level would, in theory, be enough to keep the national debt from rising. But most analyses have concluded that the tax plan would add at least $1 trillion to budget deficits in the next decade because the analyses foresee significantly less growth resulting from the tax cuts. The Treasury Department analysis says about half the expected increase in economic growth will result from tax benefits for corporations. Trump and the Republicans have insisted that businesses will use the tax savings to invest and create new jobs. According to the analysis, the other half of the increased growth will come from tax reductions for individuals and businesses whose profits are reported on owners' personal income tax returns, as well as from planned administration initiatives such as infrastructure development and a welfare overhaul. GOP leaders in Congress aim to iron out the significant differences between the House and Senate tax bills to pass a final blended package. Republicans are determined to produce the first revamp of the nation's tax code in three decades and prove they can govern after their failure to dismantle Barack Obama's health care law. Rep. Kevin Brady, who heads the House Ways and Means Committee and is a key leader in the House-Senate compromise talks, said Monday that lawmakers were moving toward a vote on the final package next week. Still, key issues appeared to remain unresolved. \"I'm pleased with the progress we're making,\" Brady, R-Texas, told reporters. \"We still have work to do.\" The only issue for which Brady noted a firm commitment was repeal of the inheritance tax on multimillion-dollar estates, a benefit for ultra-wealthy Americans. \"In the House, we feel very strongly about fully repealing the estate tax,\" he said. Republican leaders have struggled to placate GOP lawmakers from high-tax states like California, New York and New Jersey whose constituents would be hit hard by the elimination of the prized federal deduction for state and local taxes. Repeal of the deduction added up to $1.3 trillion", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00714", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00361", "text": "[Abridged] We present high-resolution optical HST/STIS observations made with two slits crossing four of the brightest starburst clumps in the vicinity of the nucleus of M82. These provide H_alpha kinematics, extinction, electron density and emission measures. From the radial velocity curves we confirm the presence of a stellar bar, and find that the super star cluster M82-A1 has a position and radial velocity consistent with it being at the end of one of the unique x2 bar orbits formed by an inner Lindblad resonance. We derive a new model for the orientation of the bar and disc with respect to the main starburst clumps, and propose that clump A has formed within the bar region as a result of gas interactions between the bar orbits, whereas region C lies at the edge of the bar and regions D and E are located further out from the nucleus but heavily obscured. We derive extremely high interstellar densities, corresponding to ISM pressures of P/k ~ 0.5-1.0 x 10^7 cm^-3 K, and discuss the implications of the measured gas properties surrounding the nuclear star clusters on the production and evolution of the galactic wind. Despite varying pressures, the ionization parameter is uniform down to parsec-scales, and we discuss why this be so. Where the S/N of our spectra are high enough, we identify multiple emission-line components. Through detailed Gaussian line-fitting, we identify a ubiquitous broad (200-300 km/s) underlying component to the bright H_alpha line, and discuss the physical mechanism(s) that responsible for such widths. We conclude that the evaporation and/or ablation of material from interstellar gas clouds caused by the impact of the high-energy photons and fast-flowing cluster winds produces a highly turbulent layer on the surface of the clouds from which the emission arises.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00495", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00362", "text": "Starting in 2011, the effort was awarded more than $3 million in grants, the bulk of that from a competitive U.S. Department of Justice grant program. The program's four lead partners—Grand Forks, the Grand Forks School District, Lutheran Social Services and the Community Violence Intervention Center—used the money to support extensive bullying and sexual-assault prevention programs, therapy services for child victims and character-building efforts such as the Coaching Boys into Men program. Over time, Safer Tomorrows activities were offered in every public school and three parochial schools in Grand Forks County. The federal grant support ran out last month. So, Safer Tomorrows leaders now are reporting back to the county about what the program accomplished and what efforts be sustained into the future. In December, some of the leaders spoke to the Herald editorial board. A transcript of the conversation is below; it has been edited for clarity and length. □ □ □ Q. Did Safer Tomorrows start with the grant that you won in Washington several years ago? Pete Haga, Grand Forks community/government relations officer: Yes. Since 2012, Safer Tomorrows has received a total of $3.3 million to work toward ending or mitigating childhood exposure to violence in Grand Forks County. We're now sunsetting on the federal grant, but we're sunrising on our efforts to sustain the program into the future. Q. What was the background for the project? Kristi Hall-Jiran, executive director, Community Violence Intervention Center: I don't know if you're familiar with the Adverse Childhood Experiences study. We call it ACE for short. Basically, it was a study that was done some years ago that looked at kids who had experienced trauma during childhood. The things that are counted as ACEs are things like seeing violence in the home, having a parent die, going through a divorce, being a victim of child abuse. So, what the study showed was that besides higher rates of depression and anxiety, there was a very high correlation between the ACEs and physical ailments as well, including things like cancer, heart disease, diabetes. For example, if kids have four or more ACEs, they actually start having neurochemical changes in their brains. And what that can lead to is three times the rate of academic failure, seven times the rate of alcoholism, 12 times the rate of suicide attempts. So those", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00591", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00364", "text": "orneys for the 62-year-old Battaglia contend he doesn't have that understanding. Prosecutors said the high court hasn't defined \"rational understanding\" so the Texas courts did an \"exhaustive\" analysis of cases to ensure proper legal standards were followed. A state judge and the state appeals court found Battaglia was competent, not mentally ill and was faking mental illness to try to avoid execution. He was described as highly intelligent. \"The defendant is a vengeful, manipulative, cunning and deceitful person with the motive and intellectual capability to maintain a deliberate ploy or ruse to avoid his execution,\" State District Judge Robert Burns said in finding the former accountant competent. Battaglia's lawyers also argued to the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that a federal judge improperly denied their requests for additional money to hire an expert to collect information about his competency, which long has been a focus of appeals in the case. Evidence showed Battaglia became enraged over his ex-wife going to police about his harassment and arrest, and used the May 2, 2001, visit with their two young daughters to avenge his anger. That evening, Pearle left their daughters with him for a planned dinner. She received a message that one of the girls had called for her and it was during her returned call that the shootings occurred. Battaglia told The Dallas Morning News in 2014 his daughters were his \"best little friends\" and that he had photos of them displayed in his prison cell. \"I don't feel like I killed them,\" he said. \"I am a little bit in the blank about what happened.\" Evidence at his 2002 capital murder trial showed at the time of the shootings Battaglia was on probation for a Christmas 1999 attack on Pearle. His profanity-laced Christmas greeting to his estranged wife during the shooting was an apparent reference to that.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00715", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00365", "text": "for a private, commercial arbitration process that will permit a requesting telecommunications carrier to resolve a dispute related to an interconnection agreement with an incumbent local exchange carrier arising in 1 or several States in an open, nondiscriminatory, and unbiased fashion within 45 days after the filing of such dispute; ``(2) incorporate the Commercial Dispute Resolution Procedures of the American Arbitration Association in effect at the date of enactment of the American Broadband Competition Act of 2001 to the extent consistent with the time limits imposed in this section, except that all decisions of arbitration panels constituted pursuant to this section shall be in writing, publicly available, and posted on the Internet; ``(3) permit all parties to have the right to discovery; and ``(4) ensure requesting telecommunications carriers do not file frivolous disputes, and establish penalties to deter such conduct. ``(d) Authority of Arbitration Panels.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, awards and decisions of such arbitration panels shall be enforceable in Federal district courts pursuant to the procedures of this chapter. ``(e) No Collateral Estoppel.--The parties to the controversy shall be bound by the decision of the arbitration panel as to the matter in controversy under the interconnection agreement entered into pursuant to section 252 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 252), but otherwise such decision shall not have the effect of collateral estoppel in any other proceeding involving any of such parties. ``(f) Other Remedies Not Limited.--Except as provided in subsection (e), the availability of alternative dispute resolution pursuant to this section shall not-- ``(1) limit any other remedy a requesting telecommunications carrier have for the same or similar facts, including relief before the Attorney General of the United States, the Federal Communications Commission or State commissions (as defined by section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934), courts of the United States, or any other appropriate forum; or ``(2) modify, affect, or supersede the authority and responsibility of the Federal Communications Commission to expeditiously administer and enforce the Communications Act of 1934.''. (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections of chapter 1 of title 9 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 16 the following: ``17. Disputes arising under interconnection agreements.''.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 469, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00905", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00366", "text": "We present spectra for 33 previously unclassified white dwarf systems brighter than V = 17 primarily in the southern hemisphere. Of these new systems, 26 are DA, 4 are DC, 2 are DZ, and 1 is DQ. We suspect three of these systems are unresolved double degenerates. We obtained VRI photometry for these 33 objects as well as for 23 known white dwarf systems without trigonometric parallaxes, also primarily in the southern hemisphere. For the 56 objects, we converted the photometry values to fluxes and fit them to a spectral energy distribution using the spectroscopy to determine which model to use (i.e. pure hydrogen, pure helium, or metal-rich helium), resulting in estimates of effective temperature and distance. Eight of the new and 12 known systems are estimated to be within the NStars and Catalogue of Nearby Stars (CNS) horizons of 25 pc, constituting a potential 18% increase in the nearby white dwarf sample. Trigonometric parallax determinations are underway via CTIOPI for these 20 systems. One of the DCs is cool so that it displays absorption in the near infrared. Using the distance determined via trigonometric parallax, we are able to constrain the model-dependent physical parameters and find that this object is most a mixed H/He atmosphere white dwarf similar to other cool white dwarfs identified in recent years with significant absorption in the infrared due to collision-induced absorptions by molecular hydrogen.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 306, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00014", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00367", "text": "of green chemistry concepts and strategies. (2) Grants shall be awarded under this section on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis and shall require cost sharing from non-Federal sources by members of the partnerships. (3) In order to be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an institution of higher education shall enter into a partnership with two or more companies in the chemical industry. Such partnerships may also include other institutions of higher education and professional associations. (4) Grants awarded under this section shall be used for activities to provide retraining for chemists or chemical engineers in green chemistry, including-- (A) the development of curricular materials and the designing of undergraduate and graduate level courses; and (B) publicizing the availability of professional development courses of study in green chemistry and recruiting graduate scientists and engineers to pursue such courses. Grants may provide stipends for individuals enrolled in courses developed by the partnership. (b) Selection Process.--(1) An institution of higher education seeking funding under this section shall submit an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as shall be specified by the Interagency Working Group and published in a proposal solicitation for the Program. The application shall include at a minimum-- (A) a description of the partnership and the role each member will play in implementing the proposal; (B) a description of the courses of study that will be provided; (C) a description of the number and size of stipends, if offered; (D) a description of the source and amount of cost sharing to be provided; and (E) a description of the manner in which the partnership will be continued after assistance under this section ends. (2) The evaluation of the applications submitted under paragraph (1) shall be carried out in accordance with procedures developed by the Interagency Working Group and shall consider, at a minimum-- (A) the ability of the partnership to carry out effectively the proposed activities; (B) the degree to which such activities are to prepare chemists and chemical engineers sufficiently to be competent to apply green chemistry concepts and strategies in their work; and (C) the amount of cost sharing to be provided. SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. (a) National Science Foundation.--(1) From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated by the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation for carrying out this Act-- (A) $7", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00891", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00368", "text": "We present 3D gasdynamic simulations of the Herbig Haro object HH 555. HH 555 is a bipolar jet emerging from the tip of an elephant trunk entering the Pelican Nebula from the adjacent molecular cloud. Both beams of HH 555 are curved away from the center of the H II region. This indicates that they are being deflected by a side-wind probably coming from a star located inside the nebula or by the expansion of the nebula itself. HH 555 is most an irradiated jet emerging from a highly embedded protostar, which has not yet been detected. In our simulations we vary the incident photon flux, which in one of our models is equal to the flux coming from a star 1 pc away emitting 5x10^48 ionizing (i. e., with energies above the H Lyman limit) photons per second. An external, plane-parallel flow (a ``side-wind'') is coming from the same direction as the photoionizing flux. We have made four simulations, decreasing the photon flux by a factor of 10 in each simulation. We discuss the properties of the flow and we compute Halpha emission maps (integrated along lines of sight). We show that the level of the incident photon flux has an important influence on the shape and visibility of the jet. If the flux is very high, it causes a strong evaporation of the neutral clump, producing a photoevaporated wind traveling in the direction opposite to the incident flow. The interaction of the two flows creates a double shock ``working surface'' around the clump protecting it and the jet from the external flow. The jet only starts to curve when it penetrates through the working surface.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00489", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00369", "text": "[Abridged] We present the first simultaneous radio, X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical spectroscopic observations of the M8.5 dwarf TVLM513-46546, with a duration of 9 hours. These observations are part of a program to study the origin of magnetic activity in ultracool dwarfs, and its impact on chromospheric and coronal emission. Here we detect steady quiescent radio emission superposed with multiple short-duration, highly polarized flares; there is no evidence for periodic bursts previously reported for this object, indicating their transient nature. We also detect soft X-ray emission, with L_X/L_bol~10^-4.9, the faintest to date for any object later than M5, and a possible weak X-ray flare. TVLM513-46546 continues the trend of severe violation of the radio/X-ray correlation in ultracool dwarfs, by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. From the optical spectroscopy we find that the Balmer line luminosity exceeds the X-ray luminosity by a factor of a few, suggesting that, unlike in early M dwarfs, chromospheric heating may not be due to coronal X-ray emission. More importantly, we detect a sinusoidal H-alpha light curve with a period of 2 hr, matching the rotation period of TVLM513-46546. This is the first known example of such Balmer line behavior, which points to a co-rotating chromospheric hot spot or an extended magnetic structure, with a covering fraction of about 50%. This feature may be transitory based on the apparent decline in light curve peak during the four observed maxima. From the radio data we infer a large scale steady magnetic field of ~100 G, in good agreement with the value required for confinement of the X-ray emitting plasma. The radio flares, on the other hand, are produced in a component of the field with a strength of ~3 kG and a multi-polar configuration.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 405, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00458", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00370", "text": "-in girlfriend. The name of Paddock's girlfriend, Marilou Danley, was not redacted from documents released Tuesday in response to a public records lawsuit filed by media companies including AP and the Review-Journal. Danley was in the Philippines at the time of the attack and is cooperating with investigators. She was initially considered a person of interest but authorities later said she is not to face criminal charges. Separately, Clark County District Court Judge Timothy Williams ruled Tuesday that the coroner in Las Vegas should release autopsy records of Paddock and the people killed by gunfire, with victims' names blacked out. Those documents were not immediately made public. County Coroner John Fudenberg later released a statement later promising victims' autopsy reports \"as soon as possible.\" But Paddock's autopsy report was not final and would not be released until it is, the coroner said. Fudenberg maintains the records are confidential, and restricts release to families and to police investigating deaths. The coroner and county attorneys didn't immediately say whether they would appeal Williams' ruling to the Nevada Supreme Court. Margaret McLetchie, an attorney representing AP and the Review-Journal in the autopsies case, noted in court that Nevada state public records law does not directly address autopsies and that a deceased person has no legal right to privacy. In Nevada, records are public unless the law says otherwise, she said. ___ Associated Press writers Michael Balsamo in Los Angeles; Scott Sonner in Reno, Nevada; Anita Snow in Mesa, Arizona; Alina Hartounian in Phoenix and researcher Jennifer Farrar in New York contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00796", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00371", "text": "We critically examine a scenario for the enrichment of the interstellar medium (ISM) in which supernova ejecta follow a long (10^8 yr) journey before falling back onto the galactic disk in the form of metal-rich ``droplets'', These droplets do not become fully mixed with the interstellar medium until they become photoionized in HII regions. We investigate the hypothesis that the photoionization of these highly metallic droplets can explain the observed ``abundance discrepancy factors'' (ADFs), which are found when comparing abundances derived from recombination lines and from collisionally excited lines, both in Galactic and extragalactic HII regions. We derive bounds of 10^{13}--10^{15} cm on the droplet sizes inside HII regions in order that (1) they should not have already been detected by direct imaging of nearby nebulae, and (2) they should not be too swiftly destroyed by diffusion in the ionized gas. From photoionization modelling we find that, if this inhomogeneous enrichment scenario holds, then the recombination lines strongly overestimate the metallicities of the fully mixed HII regions. The abundances derived from collisionally excited lines also suffer some bias, although to a much lesser extent. In the absence of any recipe for correcting these biases, we recommend the discarding of all objects showing large ADFs from studies of galactic chemical evolution. These biases must also be kept in mind when comparing the galactic abundance gradients for elements derived from recombination lines with those derived from collisionally excited lines. Finally, we propose a set of observations that undertaken to test our scenario and improve our understanding of element mixing in the ISM.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 345, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00237", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00372", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Family Life Education Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) The American Medical Association (``AMA''), the American Nurses Association (``ANA''), the American Academy of Pediatrics (``AAP''), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (``ACOG''), the American Public Health Association (``APHA''), and the Society of Adolescent Medicine (``SAM''), support responsible sexuality education that includes information about both abstinence and contraception. (2) Recent scientific reports by the Institute of Medicine, the American Medical Association and the Office on National AIDS Policy stress the need for sexuality education that includes messages about abstinence and provides young people with information about contraception for the prevention of teen pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (``STDs''). (3) Research shows that teenagers who receive sexuality education that includes discussion of contraception are more than those who receive abstinence-only messages to delay sexual activity and to use contraceptives when they do become sexually active. (4) Comprehensive sexuality education programs respect the diversity of values and beliefs represented in the community and will complement and augment the sexuality education children receive from their families. (5) The median age of puberty is 13 years and the average age of marriage is over 26 years old. American teens need access to full, complete, and medically and factually accurate information regarding sexuality, including contraception, STD/ HIV prevention, and abstinence. (6) Although teen pregnancy rates are decreasing, there are still between 750,000 and 850,000 teen pregnancies each year. Between 75 and 90 percent of teen pregnancies among 15- to 19- year olds are unintended. (7) Research shows that 75 percent of the decrease in teen pregnancy between 1988 and 1995 was due to improved contraceptive use, while 25 percent was due to increased abstinence. (8) More than eight out of ten Americans believe that young people should have information about abstinence and protecting themselves from unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. (9) United States teens acquire an estimated 4,000,000 sexually transmitted infections each year. By age 24, at least one in three sexually active people will have contracted a sexually transmitted disease. (10) An average of two young people in the United States are infected with HIV every hour of every", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01078", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00373", "text": "She had overdosed. Someone had brought her to the clinic in the middle of the night, authorities said, but when the clinic was closed, whoever brought her abandoned the car and left. They didn't call 911. This month, the Grand Forks Police Department put out a reminder that those using and possessing drugs who are present at the time of an overdose will not be prosecuted if they call and cooperate with first responders. In North Dakota and Minnesota, Good Samaritan laws are on the books that give immunity to those who call in drug overdoses if the caller remains on scene until first responders arrive and cooperate with medical services and law enforcement. The person must be in need of emergency medical services. Up to three people can be granted immunity. The law also applies to people overdosing from alcohol consumption. \"We want people to be focused on saving a life,\" said Lt. Jeremy Moe with the special resource bureau. In 2016, Grand Forks Police responded to 28 calls for overdoses. Three of them were fatal. State Sen. Howard Anderson Jr., R-Turtle Lake, was a sponsor of the Good Samaritan laws that passed in North Dakota in 2015. The former director of the North Dakota Board of Pharmacy, Anderson said he wanted to sponsor the law to give people a better chance to survive. Information provided by companions can be key to successful care. \"It's hard to find out what they took or what the situation is, so by the time doctors get a chance to figure out what it is, it's too late,\" Anderson said. In the process of passing the law, legislators heard testimony from a man whose companions had abandoned him in a dumpster, thinking he'd overdosed, Anderson said. But too few people know about the law, Anderson said. He also believes law enforcement have been overzealous in pressing charges against people, despite the law. \"They're using the Good Samaritan laws as an excuse to charge people because, obviously, if I gave you drugs, then I'm guilty of providing them for you. It's like a sale even if I gave it to you free,\" he said. \"So we need a little better education with police. If you're trying to save somebody's life for crying out loud, back off a little bit. Catch the crook the next time.\" Anderson said users speak to one another, and if law enforcement is too aggressive, it deter people from calling for help. Grand", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00606", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00374", "text": "we would have had three years ago when I was at The Washington Post in talking about technologies built there. So that is somewhat exciting because I don't believe that we are dead set on one blockchain for anything. SEE: Blockchain: An insider's guide (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Po.et's ambitions and the partnerships that we have and others that are building on top of the work that we're doing, are kind of opening up the same opportunity. Look, Po.et is build a protocol that is helping build reputation on the web. And if you want to help leverage that, to help build reputation within your applications, then you should build on Po.et. There's a company called Encrypt that's building on top of Po.et, which is really looking to circumvent censorship when it comes to information delivery. So if you are posting an article or have a website, and you are concerned that your IP blocked, how can you leverage Encrypt to make sure that that information is then spread out in a bunch of different devices and not just one central server? To then be able to come back and have that information delivered, and that's something that's being built on top of Po.et. There's other conversations of people in media that are looking for certain solutions that want to build on top of what we're doing, as well. So we leverage Bitcoin blockchain just because it's an easy marketing example to say, \"Look. If you value your money and you trust Bitcoin blockchain because money is the most important thing to you at this moment, well, your ideas are equally important, right? And if your ideas are important, you want them to be as secure as your money.\" But there are opportunities for us to port to either. There's opportunities for us to mimic or build our own. it's still early days, but the biggest thing that we're looking to do now is influence a space that could benefit from new thinking, right, the business of media really trying to figure out how to strengthen media companies, how to allow them to evolve, how can get we give power back to creators, right? How do we give velocity to independent thought and a platform, where people could drive revenue and earn what they should earn, based off their ideas? An analogy... Or, sorry. I hate sports analogies, but an analogy- Patterson: I love sports analogies- Dicker: And hopefully, the audience does, as well. But the way", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00531", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00375", "text": "In the last twenty years there has been significant progress in our understanding of quantum transport far from equilibrium and a conceptual framework has emerged through a combination of the Landauer approach with the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) method, which is now being widely used in the analysis and design of nanoscale devices. It provides a unified description for all kinds of devices from molecular conductors to carbon nanotubes to silicon transistors covering different transport regimes from the ballistic to the diffusive limit. In this talk I use a simple version of this model to analyze a specially designed device that called an electronic Maxwell's demon, one that lets electrons go preferentially in one direction over another. My objective is to illustrate the fundamental role of contacts and demons in transport and energy conversion. The discussion is kept at an academic level steering clear of real world details, but the illustrative devices we use are very much within the capabilities of present-day technology. For example, recent experiments on thermoelectric effects in molecular conductors agree well with the predictions from our model. The Maxwell's demon device itself is very similar to the pentalayer spin-torque device which has been studied by a number of groups though we are not aware of any discussion of the possibility of using the device as a nanoscale heat engine or as a refrigerator as proposed here. However, my objective is not to evaluate possible practical applications. Rather it is to introduce a simple transparent model showing how out-of-equibrium demons suitably incorporated into nanodevices can achieve energy conversion.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00044", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00376", "text": "We study the effect of a close encounter of a passing star on the shape of the inner Oort Cloud, using the impulse approximation. The deviation of the perturbed Oort Cloud from sphericity adds angular fluctuations to the brightness of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) due to thermal emission by the comets. An encounter with a solar-mass star at an impact parameter of $1750 \\au$, as expected based on the abundance and velocity dispersion of stars in the solar neighborhood, leads to a quadrupole moment in the square of the fractional CMB intensity fluctuation of $C_2 = 4.5 \\times 10^{-15}, 6.7 \\times 10^{-12}, 1.1 \\times 10^{-9}$ at $\\nu = 30, 353, 545 \\GHz$ (these being the frequency bands of the upcoming Planck satellite). We also quantify the quadrupole spectral distortions produced by the Scattered Disc, which will exist regardless of any perturbation and the subsequent shape of the Oort Cloud. For comparison, the square fractional temperature fluctuation quadrupole moment predicted by the current cosmological model is $C_2 = 1.76 \\times 10^{-10}$, which corresponds to fluctuations in the CMB intensity of $C_2 = 2.9 \\times 10^{-10}, 6.8 \\times 10^{-9}, 1.6 \\times 10^{-8}$ at $\\nu = 30, 353, 545 \\GHz$. Finally, we discuss how a measurement of the anisotropic spectral distortions used to constrain the trajectory of the closest stellar fly-by.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00125", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00377", "text": "CAIRO (AP) — When the sole candidate running against Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi held a rally in downtown Cairo recently, all of 30 people showed up. And that wasn't even the biggest sign of the hollowness of his campaign. Even more telling was one of the chants by the supporters of Moussa Mustafa Moussa, a virtually unknown politician who surfaced just so el-Sissi wouldn't run alone. It was hardly a resolute victory cry. \"Whether Moussa wins or el-Sissi wins, either is our president!\" they shouted. There is no question the general-turned-president el-Sissi will win a second four-year term. But the March 26-28 election will be remembered as the event that signaled Egypt's break with the little pretense it had left of democratic rule, seven years after a popular uprising toppled autocrat Hosni Mubarak in the name of democracy. The election was preceded by a purge of would-be opposing candidates, unprecedented even under Mubarak's nearly 30-year rule. Authorities also clamped down on the media, even egging the public to report anyone they feel is depicting Egypt in a bad light. The question raised by many observers is why such extreme measures were taken to ensure a vote el-Sissi would probably win anyway. El-Sissi convinced a genuinely contested election could destabilize the country, allow Islamists a back door into politics or interfere with his drive to revive the battered economy. El-Sissi was first elected in a 2014 landslide after, as army chief, he led the military's ouster of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi. He kept much of that popularity while ferociously cracking down on Islamists and secular dissenters. He has insisted stability must take priority over freedoms as he carried out large-scale infrastructure projects and painful austerity reforms. With those reforms, el-Sissi has succeeded in bringing some life back to the economy, though at the cost of inflation. El-Sissi has also made a name for himself on the international stage as a champion against Islamic militancy. After the election, el-Sissi and his supporters will very attempt to get rid of the constitution's two term limit on the presidency, said Paul Salem, a senior Middle East expert from the Washington-based Middle East Institute. \"It be the view of el-Sissi and his administration that this is needed for stability for economic and", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00750", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00378", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Northern Forest Stewardship Act''. SEC. 2. DECLARATIONS. With respect to the Northern Forest, in the States of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, Congress declares that-- (1) people have a right to participate in decisions that affect them; (2) the rights of private property owners must be respected; (3) natural systems must be sustained over the long-term air, soil, water, and the diversity of plant and animal species; (4) the history and culture of the Northern Forest and the connections between people and the land must be respected; (5) the Federal Government must work in partnership with State and local governments; (6) differences among the 4 Northern Forest States must be recognized; (7) people must appreciate that the Northern Forest has values that are important beyond the boundaries of the forest; (8) public funds are scarce; the greatest public benefit must be secured for any additional investment; (9) proposals must be judged by their long-term benefits; (10) programs and regulations should be continually evaluated, built upon, and improved before new ones are created; and (11) this Act is enacted to implement the will of the States, local governments, businesses, landowners, and concerned citizens, as described by the consensus report of the Northern Forest Lands Council submitted to Congress in September 1994. SEC. 3. MARKETING COOPERATIVES. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall provide technical assistance to the States of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont to organize marketing cooperatives of willing landowners to collectively grow, process, prepare for market, and market raw forest products in interstate and foreign commerce and to serve other stewardship goals collectively among willing landowners. (b) Study.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall prepare a study of the Northern Forest region to assess-- (1) landowner interest in creating marketing cooperatives; (2) forest-related economic and environmental benefits that enhanced through marketing cooperatives including the development of domestic processing plants, access to professional foresters and forest scientists, biodiversity protection, and long-term sustainability; and (3) barriers to creating marketing cooperative for forest landowners. SEC. 4. PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01059", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00379", "text": "The quark model does not exclude states composed of more than three quarks, like pentaquark systems. Controversial evidence for such states has been published in the last years, in particular: for a strange pentaquark Theta(1540)+; for a double-strange state, the Xi(1862)--, subsequently called Phi(1860)--; and for a charmed state, the Theta_c(3100)^0. If confirmed, a full pentaquark family exist; such pentaquark states produced in e+e- annihilations near the Z energy. In this paper a search for pentaquarks is described using the DELPHI detector at LEP, characterized by powerful particle identification sub-systems crucial in the separation of the signal from the background for these states. At 95% CL, upper limits are set on the production rates <N> of such particles and their charge-conjugate state per Z decay: <N_Theta+> x Br(Theta+ -> pK0_S) < 5.1 x 10^{-4} <N_Theta++> < 1.6 x 10^{-3} <N_Phi(1860)-- > x Br(Phi(1860)-- -> Xi- pi-) < 2.9 x 10^{-4} <Theta_c(3100)^0> x Br(Theta_c(3100)^0 -> D*+ pbar) < 8.8 x 10^{-4} .", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00428", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00380", "text": "We present the GALEX far FUV and near NUV ultraviolet imaging of three nearby shell galaxies, namely NGC 2865, NGC 5018 and NGC 7135. The system of shells and fine structures visible in the optical is detected in the NUV image of NGC 2865 and in both NUV and FUV images of NGC 7135. The NUV image of NGC 5018 does not present shell structures. We detect absorption features in the nuclear region of all three galaxies. NGC 2865 has a nearly flat colour profile with (FUV-NUV)~2 throughout the whole galaxy. NGC 7135 is blue in the center (FUV-NUV)~0 and as red as (FUV-NUV)~1.5 in the outskirts, including the faint shell-like feature. We investigate the ability of the nuclear GALEX (FUV-NUV) colour to provide information about rejuvenation phenomena in the stellar populations of the shell galaxies. To this aim, we derive from theory the relationship between the Mg2, Hbeta, HgammaA, HdeltaA Lick line-strength indices and the (FUV-NUV) colour. We extend the study to a sample of early-type galaxies with emission lines in their optical spectra (Annibali et al. 2007). In the index vs.(FUV-NUV) colour diagrams, most of the galaxies are well explained by passively evolving SSPs. On the average, ages and metallicities of the galaxies in our sample estimated from optical line-strength indices are consistent with those inferred from the (FUV-NUV) colour. In general, all the colours but for (FUV-NUV) and (FUV-V), become nearly age insensitive when 1-2 Gyr have elapsed from the last star forming event. Considering composite stellar population models with a recent burst of star formation, we suggest that the position of the NGC 7135 and NGC 2865 nuclei in the (FUV-NUV)-Hbeta plane explained in term of a recent rejuvenation episode. (Abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 441, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00374", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00381", "text": "The Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey (CFHQS) is an optical survey designed to locate quasars during the epoch of reionization. In this paper we present the discovery of the first four CFHQS quasars at redshift greater than 6, including the most distant known quasar, CFHQS J2329-0301 at z=6.43. We describe the observational method used to identify the quasars and present optical, infrared, and millimeter photometry and optical and near-infrared spectroscopy. We investigate the dust properties of these quasars finding an unusual dust extinction curve for one quasar and a high far-infrared luminosity due to dust emission for another. The mean millimeter continuum flux for CFHQS quasars is substantially lower than that for SDSS quasars at the same redshift, due to a correlation with quasar UV luminosity. For two quasars with sufficiently high signal-to-noise optical spectra, we use the spectra to investigate the ionization state of hydrogen at z>5. For CFHQS J1509-1749 at z=6.12, we find significant evolution (beyond a simple extrapolation of lower redshift data) in the Gunn-Peterson optical depth at z>5.4. The line-of-sight to this quasar has one of the highest known optical depths at z~5.8. An analysis of the sizes of the highly-ionized near-zones in the spectra of two quasars at z=6.12 and z=6.43 suggest the IGM surrounding these quasars was substantially ionized before these quasars turned on. Together, these observations point towards an extended reionization process, but we caution that cosmic variance is still a major limitation in z>6 quasar observations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 380, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00223", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00382", "text": "Several luminosity indicators have been found for Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) wherein measurable light curve and spectral properties are well-correlated with the peak luminosity. Several papers have each applied one different luminosity relation to find redshifts for BATSE GRBs and claim to identify specific bursts with z>8. The existence of such high redshift events is not surprising, as BATSE has enough sensitivity to see them and GRBs are expected out to the redshift of the first star formation. To improve results we used five luminosity relations with updated calibrations to determine redshifts with error bars. Combining these relations, we calculated the redshifts of 36 BATSE GRBs with claimed z>8. Our results include 13 bursts with our derived best redshift z_best>8, which looks promising at first. But the calculated redshift uncertainties are significantly large in these selected cases. With only one exception, all of our bursts have z_1siglow<9. The one exception (BATSE trigger 2035) is a short duration burst at z>~4. Our best case for a very high redshift event is BATSE trigger 3142 with z_best>20 and z_1siglow=8.9, however we can only say z>4.1 at the two-sigma confidence level. In all, we cannot point toward any one BATSE burst as confidently having z>8. One implication is to greatly weaken prior claims that GRBs have a steeply rising rate-density out to high redshifts.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00454", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00383", "text": "We investigate the astrometric effects of stellar surface structures as a practical limitation to ultra-high-precision astrometry, e.g. in the context of exoplanet searches, and to quantify the expected effects in different regions of the HR-diagram. Stellar surface structures are to produce fluctuations in the integrated flux and radial velocity of the star, as well as a variation of the observed photocentre, i.e. astrometric jitter, and closure phase. We use theoretical considerations supported by Monte Carlo simulations to derive statistical relations between the corresponding astrometric, photometric, and radial-velocity effects. For most stellar types the astrometric jitter due to stellar surface structures is expected to be of order 10 micro-AU or greater. This is more than the astrometric displacement typically caused by an Earth-size exoplanet in the habitable zone, which is about 1-4 micro-AU for long-lived main-sequence stars. Only for stars with extremely low photometric variability (<0.5 mmag) and low magnetic activity, comparable to that of the Sun, will the astrometric jitter be of order 1 micro-AU, suffcient to allow the astrometric detection of an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone. While stellar surface structure may thus seriously impair the astrometric detection of small exoplanets, it has in general negligible impact on the detection of large (Jupiter-size) planets and on the determination of stellar parallax and proper motion. From the starspot model we also conclude that the commonly used spot filling factor is not the most relevant parameter for quantifying the spottiness in terms of the resulting astrometric, photometric and radial-velocity variations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00247", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00384", "text": "The starburst galaxy M82 contains two ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), CXOM82 J095550.2+694047 (=X41.4+60) and CXOM82 J095551.1+694045 (=X42.3+59), which are unresolved by XMM-Newton. We revisited the two XMM-Newton observations of M82 and analyzed the surface brightness profiles using the known Chandra source positions. We show that the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) detected with XMM-Newton originate from X41.4+60, the brightest X-ray source in M82. Correcting for the contributions of the unresolved sources, the QPO at a frequency of 55.8+/-1.3 mHz on 2001 May 06 had a fractional rms amplitude of 32%, and the QPO at 112.9+/-1.3 mHz on 2004 April 21 had an amplitude of 21%. The QPO frequency may be correlated with the source flux, similar to the type C QPOs in XTE 1550-564 and GRS 1915+105, but at luminosities two orders of magnitude higher. X42.3+59, the second brightest source in M82, displayed a strikingly high flux of 1.4E-11 ergs/cm^2/s in the 2-10 keV band on 2001 May 6. A seven-year light curve of X42.3+59 shows extreme variability over a factor of 1000; the source is not detected in several Chandra observations. This transient behavior suggests accretion from an unstable disk. If the companion star is massive, as be expected in the young stellar environment, then the compact object would be an IMBH.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00275", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00385", "text": "or selling a product or commodity to a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in the school lunch program established under this Act, the school breakfast program established under the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.), the special milk program established under section 3 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1772), or the summer food service program for children established under section 13 of this Act if the person, or a principal or affiliate of the person, is convicted, in connection with supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in any of the programs, or to any Federal agency, of-- ``(1) an anticompetitive activity, including bid-rigging, price-fixing, the allocation of customers between competitors, or other violation of Federal or State law related to protecting competition; ``(2) mail fraud, bribery, theft, or embezzlement; ``(3) making a false statement or claim; ``(4) making a false declaration before a grand jury; or ``(5) other obstruction of justice. ``(b) Subsequent Convictions.--Except as provided in subsection (c), if a person, or a principal or affiliate of the person, is convicted of an activity described in subsection (a) after having been previously debarred under this section, the person, and each principal and affiliate of the person, shall be debarred for at least 3 years from supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in a program described in subsection (a) or to any Federal agency. ``(c) Waivers.--The Secretary may waive a debarment imposed under subsection (a) or (b) if the Secretary determines that debarment would-- ``(1) have a significant adverse effect on competition or prices in the relevant market or nationally; ``(2) seriously interfere with the ability of a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium to procure a needed product or commodity for a program described in subsection (a); ``(3) be unfair to a person, subsidiary corporation, affiliate, parent company, or local division of a corporation that is not involved in the improper activity that would otherwise result in the debar", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00996", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00386", "text": "We present the results of a new spectroscopic and photometric survey of the hot, binary X-ray cluster A115 at z=0.193, containing a radio relic. We combine galaxy velocity and position information to select 85 galaxies recognized as cluster members (from 115 galaxies observed at TNG telescope), determine global dynamical properties and detect substructures. We find that A115 presents velocity dispersion of sigma_v=1362_{-108}^{+126} km/s. Our analysis confirms the presence of two structures (A115N and A115S) of cluster--type well recognizable in the plane of the sky and shows that they differ of ~2000 km/s in the LOS velocity. We estimate that A115S is slightly dynamically more important than A115N having sigma_v=900-1100 km/s vs sigma_v=750-850 km/s. Moreover, we find evidence for two small groups at low velocities. We estimate a global cluster virial mass of 2.2--3.5 e15 h_70 Msun. Our results agree with a pre--merging scenario where A115N and A115S are colliding with a LOS impact velocity Delta v~1600 km/s.The most solution to the two--body problem suggests that the merging axis lies at $\\sim 20$ degrees from the plane of the sky and that the cores will cross after ~0.1 Gyr. The radio relic with its largest dimension perpendicular to the merging axis is connected to this merger.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00138", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00388", "text": "localities, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, and nonprofit entities to promote improving access to dependable, affordable automobiles by low-income families. ``(D) Grant approval criteria.--The Secretary shall establish criteria for approval of an application for a grant under this paragraph that include consideration of-- ``(i) the extent to which the proposal, if funded, is to improve access to training and employment opportunities and child care services by low-income families by means of car ownership; ``(ii) the level of innovation in the applicant's grant proposal; and ``(iii) any partnerships between the public and private sector in the applicant's grant proposal. ``(E) Use of funds.-- ``(i) In general.--A grant awarded under this paragraph shall be used to administer programs that assist low-income families with dependable automobile ownership, and maintenance of, or insurance for, the purchased automobile. ``(ii) Supplement not supplant.--Funds provided to a State, Indian tribe or tribal organization, county, or locality under a grant awarded under this paragraph shall be used to supplement and not supplant other State, county, or local public funds expended for car ownership programs. ``(iii) General rules governing use of funds.--The rules of section 404, other than subsection (b) of that section, shall not apply to a grant made under this paragraph. ``(iv) Rule of interpretation.--For purposes of any requirement, limitation, or prohibition imposed on an individual or family by or pursuant to this part, assistance provided to a low-income family pursuant to a program referred to in clause (i) shall not be considered assistance under a State program funded under this part. ``(F) Application.--Each applicant desiring a grant under this paragraph shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably require. ``(G) Reversion of funds.--Any funds paid from a grant made under this paragraph that are not expended within 3 years after the date the grant is awarded shall be available for redistribution among other grantees in such manner and amount as the Secretary may determine, unless the Secretary extends by regulation the time period to expend the funds. ``(H) Limitation on administrative costs of the secretary.--Not more than an amount equal to 5 percent of the funds appropriated to make grants under this paragraph for a fiscal year shall be expended for administrative costs of the Secretary in carrying out this paragraph. ``(I) Evaluation.--The Secretary shall, by grant, contract", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00872", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00389", "text": "Aims: To investigate the spectra and the evolutionary stages of two peculiar emission-line stars: RJHA 49 and SS73 21. Methods: We used low and high resolution optical data. Line identifications and measurements were performed for several features in their spectra. Results: For each object, we have derived the extinction and the excitation temperature from a set of [Fe II] lines, and the electron density from [N II] lines. For RJHA 49, no detailed spectroscopic study was done so far. Regarding SS73 21, our low resolution spectrum have confirmed the main characteristics found in previous works. On the other side, from our high resolution data, we have found that the Halpha line presents a double-peak, in contrast with the suggestion in the literature that it should reveal a P-Cygni profile. Surprisingly, we found a few He I transitions resembling P-Cygni profiles (e.g. He I 5876), directly suggesting that mass loss is active in SS73 21. We also discussed the nature of these two objects based on the data obtained. Although the evolutionary status of SS73 21 well established from previous studies (a proto-planetary nebula), the situation for RJHA 49 is not so clear mainly due to its unknown distance. However, from the strength of [N II] 5754 relative to [O I] 6300, the possibility of RJHA 49 being a LBV object is reduced, and a B[e]-supergiant or a proto-planetary nebula status is more plausible.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 322, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00375", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00390", "text": "We report the serendipitous findings of 13 faint meteors and 44 artificial space objects by Subaru SuprimeCam imaging observations during 11-16 August 2004. The meteors, at about 100km altitude, and artificial satellites/debris in orbit, at 500km altitude or higher, were clearly discriminated by their apparent defocused image sizes. CCD photometry of the 13 meteors, including 1 Perseid, 1 Aquarid, and 11 sporadic meteors, was performed. We defined a peak video-rate magnitude by comparing the integrated photon counts from the brightest portion of the track traversed within 33ms to those from a 0-mag star during the same time duration. This definition gives magnitudes in the range 4.0< V_{vr} <6.4 and 4.1< I_{vr}<5.9 for these 13 meteors. The corresponding magnitude for virtual naked-eye observers somewhat fainter especially for the V-band observation, in which the [OI] 5577 line lasting about 1 sec as an afterglow could contribute to the integrated flux of the present 5-10 min CCD exposures. Although the spatial resolution is insufficient to resolve the source size of anything smaller than about 1 m, we developed a new estimate of the collisionally excited column diameter of these meteors. A diameter as small as a few mm was derived from their collisionally excited photon rates, meteor speed, and the volume density of the oxygen atoms at the 100km altitude. The actual column diameter of the radiating zone, however, as large as few 100m because the excited atoms travel that distance before they emit forbidden lines in 0.7 sec of its average lifetime. Among the 44 artificial space objects, we confirmed that 17 were cataloged satellites/space debris.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 390, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00090", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00391", "text": "(16 U.S.C. 1533(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(6) Additional data.-- ``(A) Identification.--The Secretary shall-- ``(i) identify and publish in the Federal Register with the notice of a proposed regulation published pursuant to subsection (b)(5)(A)(i), and with notice of any final regulation published pursuant to subsection (b)(6), a description of additional scientific and commercial data that would assist in the preparation of a recovery plan; ``(ii) invite any person to submit such data to the Secretary; and ``(iii) describe the steps that the Secretary plans to take to acquire additional data. ``(B) Consideration.--Data identified and obtained under subparagraph (A) shall be considered by the recovery team and the Secretary in the preparation of the recovery plan in accordance with section 5.''. SEC. 3. PEER REVIEW. Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(j) Independent Scientific Review Requirements.-- ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection: ``(A) Covered action.--The term `covered action' means-- ``(i) a proposed determination under subsection (a)(1) that a species is an endangered species or a threatened species under subsection (a)(1); ``(ii) a proposed determination under subsection (a)(1) that would change the status of a species as an endangered species or a threatened species or would remove such a species from any list published under subsection (c)(1); ``(iii) the development of a recovery plan for a threatened species or endangered species under subsection (f); and ``(iv) the determination that a proposed action is to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species, including the proposal of any reasonable and prudent alternatives by the Secretary under section 7(b)(3). ``(B) Qualified individual.--The term `qualified individual' means an individual-- ``(i) who through publication of peer- reviewed scientific literature or other means, has demonstrated scientific expertise on the species or a similar species or other scientific expertise relevant to the covered action; ``(ii) who does not have, or represent any person with, a conflict of interest with respect to the covered action that is the subject of the review; and ``(iii) who has not advocated a position, and is not employed by a person who has advocated a position, with respect to the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00866", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00392", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Clean Coastal Environment and Public Health Act of 2011''. SEC. 2. FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AMENDMENTS. (a) Adoption of New or Revised Criteria and Standards.--Section 303(i)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1313(i)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``paragraph (1)(A)'' each place it appears and inserting ``paragraph (1)''. (b) Revised Criteria for Coastal Recreation Waters.--Section 304(a)(9) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1314(a)(9)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``methods, as appropriate'' and inserting ``methods, including rapid testing methods''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(C) Publication of pathogen and pathogen indicator list.--Upon publication of the new or revised water quality criteria under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a list of all pathogens and pathogen indicators studied in developing the new or revised water quality criteria.''. (c) Source Identification.-- (1) Monitoring protocols.--Section 406(a)(1)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1346(a)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``methods for monitoring'' and inserting ``methods for monitoring protocols that are most to detect pathogenic contamination and the source of that contamination''. (2) State reports; source tracking.--Section 406(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1346(b)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), by striking ``public'' and inserting ``public and all environmental agencies of the State with authority to prevent or treat sources of pathogenic contamination in coastal recreation waters''; and (B) by adding at the end the following: ``(5) Contents of monitoring and notification programs.-- For the purposes of this section, a program for monitoring, assessment, and notification shall include, consistent with performance criteria published by the Administrator under subsection (a), monitoring, public notification, storm event testing, source tracking, and sanitary surveys, and may include prevention efforts, not already funded under this Act to address identified sources of contamination by pathogens and pathogen indicators in coastal recreation waters", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01004", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00393", "text": "service denied this, but it's still an open question: Could public speculation that a member of the exalted Kim dynasty wanted to flee to the hated South have pushed Kim Jong Un to order his brother's assassination? ___ WHY THE AIRPORT IN MALAYSIA? There would seem to be easier, less public places to kill such a high-profile target. A possible explanation be found in another nugget provided by South Korea's spy agency: China had long protected Kim Jong Nam and his family in their home base of Macau. Analysts have seen Beijing as looking to Kim Jong Nam as a potential leader should North Korea's regime collapse. With security, presumably overseen by China, tight in Macau, could there have been a security gap in Malaysia that offered North Korean assassins an opportunity they couldn't have gotten elsewhere? ___ WHO ARE THE MYSTERY WOMEN? The details of the attack itself are a tangled mess as of now. Kim told medical workers that he'd been sprayed with a chemical, which brings to mind past attacks with poison-tipped pens linked to North Korean assassins. South Korea's spy agency says two women believed to be North Korean agents attacked Kim. They then reportedly fled. Japanese media quoted the government in Tokyo as saying those women may now be dead. None of this has been confirmed yet. Still, finding out who these women are and who hired them could go a long way to unlocking the mystery. ___ WHAT NEXT? North Korea has said nothing officially about the death, but that's not unusual. The country's propaganda specialists are masters at reporting only details that lionize the Kim family as paragons of virtue. This clearly doesn't do that. China may be angry at the killing of a close North Korean contact, so there some sort of reaction, back-channel, from Beijing. But a more concrete punishment could come from Washington. Cheong Seong-Chang, a South Korean analyst, said the assassination convince the U.S. Congress to relist North Korea as a state sponsor of terrorism, further isolating the already widely shunned country. ___ Associated Press writer Kim Tong-hyung in Seoul, South Korea, contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 440, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00721", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00394", "text": "2013 without adequate safeguards. (9) As a result, Federal, State, and local law enforcement departments across the country are eligible again to acquire free ``military-grade'' weapons and equipment that used inappropriately during policing efforts in which citizens and taxpayers harmed. (10) Pursuant to section III(J) of a Defense Logistics Agency memorandum of understanding, property obtained through the program must be placed into use within one year of receipt, providing an incentive for the unnecessary and potentially dangerous use of ``military grade'' equipment by local law enforcement. (11) The Department of Defense categorizes equipment eligible for transfer under the 1033 program as ``controlled'' and ``un-controlled'' equipment. ``Controlled equipment'' includes weapons, explosives such as flash-bang grenades, mine resistant ambush protected vehicles, long range acoustic devices, aircraft capable of being modified to carry armament that are combat coded, and silencers, among other military grade items. SEC. 3. LIMITATION ON DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TRANSFER OF PERSONAL PROPERTY TO LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES. (a) In General.--Section 2576a of title 10, United States Code, is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``counterdrug, counterterrorism,'' and inserting ``counterterrorism''; and (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``, the Director of National Drug Control Policy,''; (2) in subsection (b)-- (A) in each of paragraphs (4) and (5), by striking ``and'' at the end; (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and (C) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: ``(7) the recipient certifies to the Department of Defense that it has the personnel and technical capacity, including training, to operate the property; ``(8) the recipient submits to the Department of Defense a description of how the recipient expects to use the property; ``(9) the recipient certifies to the Department of Defense that if the recipient determines that the property is surplus to the needs of the recipient, the recipient will return the property to the Department of Defense; and ``(10) with respect to a recipient that is not a Federal agency, the recipient certifies to the Department of Defense that the recipient notified the local community of the request for personal property", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00978", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00395", "text": "[ABRIDGED] The distance to the relativistic jet source SS433 and the related supernova remnant W50 is re-examined using new observations of HI in absorption from the VLA, HI in emission from the GBT, and 12CO emission from the FCRAO. The new measurements show HI in absorption against SS433 to a velocity of 75 km/s but not to the velocity of the tangent point, which bounds the kinematic distance at 5.5 < d_k < 6.5 kpc. This is entirely consistent with a 5.5 +/- 0.2 kpc distance determined from light travel-time arguments (Blundell & Bowler 2004). The HI emission map shows evidence of interaction of the lobes of W50 with the interstellar medium near the adopted systemic velocity of V_LSR = 75 km/s. The western lobe sits in a cavity in the HI emission near the Galactic plane, while the eastern lobe terminates at an expanding HI shell. The expanding shell has a radius of 40 pc, contains 8 +/- 3 x 10^3 M_sun of HI and has a measured kinetic energy of 3 +/- 1.5 x 10^{49} ergs. There may also be a static HI ring or shell around the main part of W50 itself at an LSR velocity of 75 km/s, with a radius of 70 pc and a mass in HI of 3.5 - 10 x 10^4 M_sun. We do not find convincing evidence for the interaction of the system with any molecular cloud or with HI at other velocities. The HI emission data suggest that SS433 lies in an interstellar environment substantially denser than average for its distance from the Galactic plane. This Population I system, now about 200 pc below the Galactic plane, most originated as a runaway O-star binary ejected from a young cluster in the plane. New astrometric data on SS433 show that the system now has a peculiar velocity of a few tens of km/s in the direction of the Galactic plane. From this peculiar velocity and the symmetry of the W50 remnant we derive a time since the SN of < 10^5 yr.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 457, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00325", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00396", "text": "Time variability of the solar neutrino flux especially in the low and intermediate energy sector remains an open question and, if it exists, it is to be originated from the magnetic moment transition from active to light sterile neutrinos at times of intense solar activity and magnetic field. We examine the prospects for the SNO+ experiment to address this important issue and to distinguish between the two classes of solar models which are currently identified as corresponding to a high (SSM I) and a low (SSM II) heavy element abundance. We also evaluate the predictions from these two models for the Chlorine experiment event rate in the standard LMA and LMA+Spin Flavour Precession (SFP) scenarios. It is found that after three years of SNO+ data taking, the pep flux measurement will be able to discriminate between the standard LMA and LMA+SFP scenarios, independently of which is the correct solar model. If the LMA rate is measured, SFP with $B_0 \\sim 280kG$ for the resonant $\\Delta m^2_{01}$ can be excluded at more than $4\\sigma$. A low rate would signal new physics, excluding all the 90% allowed range of the standard LMA solution at 3$\\sigma$, and a time variability would be a strong signature of the SFP model. The CNO fluxes are the ones for which the two SSM predictions exhibit the largest differences, so their measurement at SNO+ will be important to favour one or the other. The distinction will be clearer after LMA or SFP are confirmed with pep, but still, a CNO measurement at the level of SSM I/LMA will disfavour SSM II at about $3 \\sigma$. We conclude that consistency between future pep and CNO flux measurements at SNO+ and Chlorine would either favour an LMA+SFP scenario or favour SSM II over SSM I.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 393, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00185", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00397", "text": "We present the clustering properties of 151 Lyman alpha emitting galaxies at z ~ 4.5 selected from the Large Area Lyman Alpha (LALA) survey. Our catalog covers an area of 36' x 36' observed with five narrowband filters. We assume that the angular correlation function w(theta) is well represented by a power law A_w = Theta^(-beta) with slope beta = 0.8, and we find A_w = 6.73 +/- 1.80. We then calculate the correlation length r_0 of the real-space two-point correlation function xi(r) = (r/r_0)^(-1.8) from A_w through the Limber transformation, assuming a flat, Lambda-dominated universe. Neglecting contamination, we find r_0 = 3.20 +/- 0.42 Mpc/h. Taking into account a possible 28% contamination by randomly distributed sources, we find r_0 = 4.61 +/- 0.6 Mpc/h. We compare these results with the expectations for the clustering of dark matter halos at this redshift in a Cold Dark Matter model, and find that the measured clustering strength can be reproduced if these objects reside in halos with a minimum mass of 1-2 times 10^11 Solar masses/h. Our estimated correlation length implies a bias of b ~ 3.7, similar to that of Lyman-break galaxies (LBG) at z ~ 3.8-4.9. However, Lyman alpha emitters are a factor of ~ 2-16 rarer than LBGs with a similar bias value and implied host halo mass. Therefore, one plausible scenario to be that Lyman alpha emitters occupy host halos of roughly the same mass as LBGs, but shine with a relatively low duty cycle of 6-50%.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 384, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00221", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00398", "text": "be reduced by the credit allowed by this section with respect to such employee. ``(g) Certain Rules To Apply.--Rules similar to the rules of subsections (i)(1) and (k) of section 51 shall apply for purposes of this section.''. (b) Credit Made Part of General Business Credit.--Subsection (b) of section 38 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (35), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (36) and inserting ``, plus'', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(37) the apprenticeship credit determined under section 45S(a).''. (c) Denial of Double Benefit.--Subsection (a) of section 280C of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting ``45S(a),'' after ``45P(a),''. (d) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ``Sec. 45S. Employees participating in qualified apprenticeship programs.''. (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to individuals commencing apprenticeship programs after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 3. LIMITATION ON GOVERNMENT PRINTING COSTS. Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall coordinate with the heads of Federal departments and independent agencies to-- (1) determine which Government publications available on Government websites and no longer printed and to devise a strategy to reduce overall Government printing costs over the 10-year period beginning with fiscal year 2015, except that the Director shall ensure that essential printed documents prepared for social security recipients, medicare beneficiaries, and other populations in areas with limited Internet access or use continue to remain available; (2) establish government wide Federal guidelines on employee printing; and (3) issue guidelines requiring every department, agency, commission, or office to list at a prominent place near the beginning of each publication distributed to the public and issued or paid for by the Federal Government-- (A) the name of the issuing agency, department, commission, or office; (B) the total number of copies of the document printed; (C) the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01149", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00399", "text": "49, United States Code), and any other project related to surface transportation that the Secretary determines appropriate. SEC. 4. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS. (a) In General.--For fiscal year 2005 and each fiscal year thereafter, Federal funds made available to carry out a surface transportation project may be used by a government agency to enter into a private contract of $100,000 or more to procure architectural, engineering, and related services only if the government agency conducts a cost-benefit analysis for the private contract in accordance with the requirements of this section. (b) Components.--A cost-benefit analysis conducted by a government agency for a private contract under subsection (a) shall contain, at a minimum, the following: (1) A description of the services to be performed under the private contract. (2) An estimate of the cost of procuring the services under the private contract, including the price of the contract, the cost to the government agency of negotiating and awarding the contract, and the cost to the government agency of inspecting, supervising, monitoring, and overseeing the contract. (3) An estimate of the cost of having the services performed by the government agency (or a government agency assisting such agency), including staff salaries and benefits, office facilities and space, equipment and materials, and other costs that can be reasonably attributed to the performance of the services and that would not be otherwise be incurred by the government agency. (4) A determination as to whether the services would be procured more quickly by entering into the private contract or by having the services performed by the government agency (or a government agency assisting such agency). (5) A determination as to whether the government agency will provide equipment and materials under the private contract and an estimate of the cost of any such equipment and materials. (6) An estimate of the cost of unemployment compensation or other benefits to be paid to any employees of the government agency displaced as a result of the private contract. (7) An estimate of the cost to the government agency of resuming performance of the service to be performed under the private contract. SEC. 5. MATERIALS TO ACCOMPANY COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS. (a) In General.--If, after conducting a cost-benefit analysis for a private contract under section 4, a government agency finds that the benefits of entering into the contract outweigh the costs, the agency shall also prepare for the contract the materials required by", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01051", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00400", "text": "The Swift/XRT data of 179 GRBs (from 050124 to 070129) and the optical afterglow data of 57 pre- and post-Swift GRBs are analyzed, in order to systematically investigate the jet-like breaks in the X-ray and optical afterglow lightcurves. We find that not a single burst can be included in the ``Platinum'' sample, in which the data satisfy all the criteria of a jet break. By releasing one or more requirements to define a jet break, some candidates of various degrees identified. In the X-ray band, 42 out of the 103 well-sampled X-ray lightcurves have a decay slope of the post-break segment >1.5 (``Bronze'' sample), and 27 of them also satisfy the closure relations of the forward models (``Silver'' sample). The numbers of the ``Bronze'' and ``Silver'' candidates in the optical lightcurves are 27 and 23, respectively. Thirteen bursts have well-sampled optical and X-ray lightcurves, but only seven cases are consistent with an achromatic break, but even in these cases only one band satisfies the closure relations (``Gold'' sample). The observed break time in the XRT lightcurves is systematically earlier than that in the optical bands. All these raise great concerns in interpreting the jet-like breaks as jet breaks and further inferring GRB energetics from these breaks. By assuming that these breaks are jet breaks, we perform a similar analysis as previous work to calculate the jet opening angle (theta_j) and energetics (E_k) with the ``Silver'' and ``Gold'' jet break candidates. The derived E_K distribution reveals a much larger scatter than the pre-Swift sample. A tentative anti-correlation between theta_j and E_{K,iso} is found for both the pre-Swift and Swift GRBs, indicating that the E_K could still be quasi-universal, if the breaks in discussion are indeed jet breaks(abridge).", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 415, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00485", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00401", "text": "Secretary shall promulgate regulations that establish criteria that must be met for scientific and commercial data to be used as the basis of a determination under this section that a species is an endangered species or a threatened species. ``(10) Field data.-- ``(A) Requirement.--The Secretary may not determine that a species is an endangered species or a threatened species unless the determination is supported by data obtained by observation of the species in the field. ``(B) Data from landowners.--The Secretary shall-- ``(i) accept and acknowledge receipt of data regarding the status of a species that is collected by an owner of land through observation of the species on the land; and ``(ii) include the data in the rulemaking record compiled for any determination that the species is an endangered species or a threatened species.''. (c) Use of Sound Science in Recovery Planning.--Section 4(f) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(6)(A) The Secretary shall identify and publish in the Federal Register with the notice of a proposed regulation pursuant to paragraph (5)(A)(i) a description of additional scientific and commercial data that would assist in the preparation of a recovery plan and-- ``(i) invite any person to submit the data to the Secretary; and ``(ii) describe the steps that the Secretary plans to take for acquiring additional data. ``(B) Data identified and obtained under subparagraph (A)(i) shall be considered by the recovery team and the Secretary in the preparation of the recovery plan in accordance with section 5.''. SEC. 3. PEER REVIEW. Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(j) Independent Scientific Review Requirements.-- ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection: ``(A) Action.--The term `action' means-- ``(i) the determination that a species is an endangered species or a threatened species under subsection (a); ``(ii) the determination under subsection (a) that an endangered species or a threatened species be removed from any list published under subsection (c)(1); ``(iii) the development of a recovery plan for a threatened species or endangered species under subsection (f); and ``(iv) the determination that a proposed action is to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species and the proposal of any", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00953", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00402", "text": "We have identified seven red supergiants (RSGs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and four RSGs in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), all of which have spectral types that are considerably later than the average type observed in their parent galaxy. Using moderate-resolution optical spectrophotometry and the MARCS stellar atmosphere models, we determine their physical properties and place them on the H-R diagram for comparison with the predictions of current stellar evolutionary tracks. The radial velocities of these stars suggest that they are all members of the Clouds rather than foreground dwarfs or halo giants. Their locations in the H-R diagram also show us that those stars are cooler than the current evolutionary tracks allow, appearing to the right of the Hayashi limit, a region in which stars are no longer in hydrodynamic equilibrium. These stars exhibit considerable variability in their V magnitudes, and three of these stars also show changes in their effective temperatures (and spectral types) on the time-scales of months. One of these stars, [M2002] SMC 055188, was caught in an M4.5 I state, as late as that seen in HV 11423 at its recent extreme: considerable later, and cooler, than any other supergiant in the SMC. In addition, we find evidence of variable extinction due to circumstellar dust and changes in the stars' luminosities, also consistent with our recent findings for HV 11423 - when these stars are hotter they are also dustier and more luminous. We suggest that these stars have unusual properties because they are in an unstable (and short-lived) evolutionary phase.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 338, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00174", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00403", "text": "HESS J1616-508 is one of the brightest emitters in the TeV sky. Recent observations with the IBIS/ISGRI telescope on board the INTEGRAL spacecraft have revealed that a young, nearby and energetic pulsar, PSR J1617-5055, is a powerful emitter of soft gamma-rays in the 20-100 keV domain. In this paper we present an analysis of all available data from the INTEGRAL, Swift, BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton telescopes with a view to assessing the most counterpart to the HESS source. We find that the energy source that fuels the X/gamma-ray emissions is derived from the pulsar, both on the basis of the positional morphology, the timing evidence and the energetics of the system. Likewise, the 1.2% of the pulsar's spin down energy loss needed to power the 0.1-10 TeV emission is also fully consistent with other HESS sources known to be associated with pulsars. The relative sizes of the X/gamma-ray and VHE sources are consistent with the expected lifetimes against synchrotron and Compton losses for a single source of parent electrons emitted from the pulsar. We find that no other known object in the vicinity reasonably considered as a plausible counterpart to the HESS source. We conclude that there is good evidence to assume that the HESS J1616-508 source is driven by PSR J1617-5055 in which a combination of synchrotron and inverse Compton processes combine to create the observed morphology of a broad-band emitter from keV to TeV energies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00331", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00404", "text": "We present the results of a deep wide-field near-infrared survey of 12 square degrees of the Pleiades conducted as part of the UKIDSS Deep Infrared Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Galactic Cluster Survey (GCS). We have extracted over 340 high probability proper motion members down to 0.03 solar masses using a combination of UKIDSS photometry and proper motion measurements obtained by cross-correlating the GCS with data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), the Isaac Newton (INT) and the Canada-France-Hawai'i (CFHT) telescopes. Additionally, we have unearthed 73 new candidate brown dwarf members on the basis of five band UKIDSS photometry alone. We have identified 23 substellar multiple system candidates out of 63 candidate brown dwarfs from the (Y-K,Y) and (J-K,J) colour-magnitude diagrams, yielding a binary frequency of 28-44% in the 0.075-0.030 Msun mass range. Our estimate is three times larger than the binary fractions reported from high-resolution imaging surveys of field ultracool dwarfs and Pleiades brown dwarfs. However, it is marginally consistent with our earlier ``peculiar'' photometric binary fraction of 50+/-10% presented in Pinfield et al. (2003), in good agreement with the 32-45% binary fraction derived from the recent Monte-Carlo simulations of Maxted & Jeffries (2005) and compatible with the 26+/-10% frequency recently estimated by Basri & Reiners (2006). A tentative estimate of the mass ratios from photometry alone to support the hypothesis that binary brown dwarfs tend to reside in near equal-mass ratio systems. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00259", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00405", "text": "including with their fathers and other male family members; and (F) girls who participate in sports learn important professional lessons that have a lifelong influence (Eighty percent of women identified as key leaders in Fortune 500 companies participated in sports while growing up, and 82 percent of executive businesswomen played sports, with the majority saying lessons learned on the playing field contributed to their success in business.). (4) The opportunity to play sports in secondary school helps many middle- and low-income students--who otherwise be unable to attend college--to gain access to higher education. (5) Physical inactivity is much more common among females than males. (6) Girls who are not involved in physical activity by age 10 have only a 10 percent chance of being athletic when they are 25. (7) Girls receive 1,100,000 fewer opportunities to play high school sports than do boys, which translate into many lost opportunities for athletic participation and scholarships. (8) Several reports indicate that girls' teams often receive inferior opportunities and benefits in other aspects of athletics programs, including overall budgets; equipment; uniforms; locker rooms and practice and competitive facilities; scheduling of practices, games, and sports seasons; training and medical services; coaches; and publicity. (9) Students and parents should be aware of the athletic opportunities and benefits that their schools provide to male and female students. (10) Without information about how athletic opportunities and benefits are being allocated at the elementary and secondary school level, students may be deprived of opportunities to play sports and to attend college on an athletic scholarship. SEC. 3. DISCLOSURE OF STATISTICS ON EQUALITY IN ATHLETIC PROGRAMS. Subpart 2 of part E of title IX of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7901 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 9537. EQUALITY IN ATHLETIC PROGRAMS. ``(a) Report.--Each coeducational elementary or secondary school that participates in any program under this Act and has an athletic program, shall annually, for the immediately preceding academic year, prepare a report that contains the following information: ``(1) The number of male and female students that attended the school. ``(2) A listing of the teams that competed in athletic competition and for each such team the following data: ``(A) The total number of participants as of the day of the first scheduled contest for", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00913", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00406", "text": "as build the Zvezda service module. Subsequent transfers from the United States, in order to complete the module, reflect serious Russian mismanagement in the field of space. (13) In 2000, while Russia was failing to meet its commitment to the International Space Station, Russia was diverting financial and human resources away from fulfilling its International Space Station commitments in order to keep the Russian's Mir Space Station aloft. (14) Russia's past shortcomings in fulfilling commitments to its international space partners should serve as a warning to the United States as we consider increased reliance on Russian space services in the future. It is not prudent for the United States to depend on Russia for access to space given our past experience with this relationship. (15) The United States has already invested tens of billions of dollars in the International Space Station program since its inception. (16) There is much research of great value being conducted in space, and on the International Space Station, that may yield tremendous gains. Research conducted on the International Space Station may help scientists back on Earth develop medicines to treat diseases and help us better understand the Earth's climate. Many scientists believe that the microgravity environment of space will enable the development of new drugs, vaccines, and other therapies. Equipment on the International Space Station will monitor stratospheric gases, and investigate ozone chemistry. (17) To ensure that the United States realizes the dividends from the considerable investment we have made in the International Space Station, we need to ensure continued access to space for our astronauts. However, NASA's plan for transport of crew to and from the International Space Station fails to provide necessary redundancies to provide assured access to space. (18) NASA anticipates that the Russian Soyuz spacecraft will be the only vehicle for astronaut crew rotation to the International Space Station after 2010. From 2011 until the planned operation of Orion in 2015, NASA has no other option for transporting American astronauts to space other than on Russian vehicles. (19) Due to NASA's lack of a backup plan for reliance on the Russians for transport of American astronauts to space, the United States needs a better approach. The best approach is the Space Shuttle, a proven, domestic source of space transport for assured access to space, including the International Space Station, for crew and cargo transport. (20) With 2 Shuttle missions per year during the human spaceflight program flight gap between Shuttle and Orion, currently scheduled from 2010 through 2015,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01133", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00407", "text": "Secretary determines that there are adequate program resources available for such veteran at the pilot program site. Veterans may participate in the pilot program in conjunction with the compensated work therapy program of the Department of Veterans Affairs. (f) Hiring Preference.--In hiring service dog training instructors under the pilot program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give a preference to veterans who have successfully graduated from post- traumatic stress disorder or other residential treatment programs and who have received adequate certification in service dog training. (g) Collection of Data.--The Secretary shall collect data on the pilot program required under subsection (a) to determine how effective the program is for the veterans participating in the program. Such data shall include data to determine how effectively the program assists veterans in-- (1) reducing stigma associated with post-traumatic stress disorder or other post-deployment mental health condition; (2) improving emotional regulation; (3) improving patience; (4) instilling or re-establishing a sense of purpose; (5) providing an opportunity to help fellow veterans; (6) reintegrating into the community; (7) exposing the dog to new environments and in doing so, helping the veteran reduce social isolation and withdrawal; (8) building relationship skills, including parenting skills; (9) relaxing the hyper-vigilant survival state; (10) improving sleep patterns; and (11) enabling veterans to decrease the use of pain medication. (h) Reports to Congress.--Not later than one year after the date of the commencement of the pilot program under subsection (a), and each year thereafter for the duration of the pilot program, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the pilot program. Each such report shall include-- (1) the number of veterans participating in the pilot program; (2) a description of the services carried out by the Secretary under the pilot program; (3) the effects that participating in the pilot program has on the following-- (A) symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and post-deployment adjustment difficulties, including depression, maintenance of sobriety, suicidal ideations, and homelessness; (B) potentially relevant physiological markers that relate to the interactions with the service dogs; (C) family dynamics; (D) insomnia and pain management; and (E) overall well being; and (4) the recommendations of the Secretary with respect to the extension or expansion of the pilot program. (i) Definition.--For the purposes of this section, the term ``service dog", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01008", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00408", "text": "This spring, The Joffrey Ballet will present the North American premiere of Alexander Ekman's Midsummer Night's Dream. The Swedish choreographer is best known for his absurdist and cutting-edge productions. \"This is not Shakespeare's Midsummer,\" says Joffrey Ballet artistic director Ashley Wheater. The title of Ekman's version, which premiered with the Royal Swedish Ballet in 2015, refers not to Shakespeare but to Midsummer, the traditional Scandinavian summer solstice festival. The piece follows a young man through a day of revelry followed by a nightmare, blurring the line with reality. \"It's a kind of otherworldly dream,\" says Wheater. Bringing Ekman's production to life is no small feat; the piece utilizes the entire Joffrey company. \"I can't think of another performance that has so many props,\" says Wheater, listing giant bales of hay, long banquet tables, umbrellas, beach chairs and more. The piece features a commissioned score by Swedish composer Mikael Karlsson, which will be performed onstage by singer Anna von Hausswolff. \"She is very much a part of the performance; she's kind of the narrator,\" says Wheater. Dancers also contribute to the narration with spoken text, including imagery of young love and a dose of humor. The Royal Swedish Ballet in Alexander Ekman's \"Midsummer Night's Dream.\" Photo by Hans Nilsson, Courtesy Joffrey Ballet. This will be the fourth work by Ekman that The Joffrey has performed. \"it says something that Alex trusts us to bring the work to its full realization,\" says Wheater. \"It's not just a few ballet steps here and there; he asks you to fully engage with yourself, not only as a dancer but as an actor and a person.\" Ekman's Midsummer will run April 25–May 6 at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 393, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00504", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00409", "text": "The strong degeneracy of the 12C ignition layer on an accreting neutron star results in a hydrodynamic thermonuclear runaway, in which the nuclear heating time becomes shorter than the local dynamical time. We model the resulting combustion wave during these superbursts as an upward propagating detonation. We solve the reactive fluid flow and show that the detonation propagates through the deepest layers of fuel and drives a shock wave that steepens as it travels upward into lower density material. The shock is sufficiently strong upon reaching the freshly accreted H/He layer that it triggers unstable 4He burning if the superburst occurs during the latter half of the regular Type I bursting cycle; this is the origin of the bright Type I precursor bursts observed at the onset of superbursts. The cooling of the outermost shock-heated layers produces a bright, ~0.1s, flash that precedes the Type I burst by a few seconds; this may be the origin of the spike seen at the burst onset in 4U 1820-30 and 4U 1636-54, the only two bursts observed with RXTE at high time resolution. The dominant products of the 12C detonation are 28Si, 32S, and 36Ar. Gupta et al. showed that a crust composed of such intermediate mass elements has a larger heat flux than one composed of iron-peak elements and helps bring the superburst ignition depth into better agreement with values inferred from observations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 307, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00272", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00410", "text": "Hyper-Luminous Infrared Galaxies (HLIRGs) are the most luminous persistent objects in the Universe. They exhibit extremely high star formation rates, and most of them seem to harbour an AGN. They are unique laboratories to investigate utmost star formation, and its connection to super-massive black hole growth. X-ray studies of HLIRGs have the potential to unravel the AGN contribution to the bolometric output from these bright objects. We have selected a sample of 14 HLIRGs observed by XMM-Newton (type 1, type 2 AGN and starburst), 5 of which are candidates to be Compton-thick objects. This is the first time that a systematic study of this type of objects is carried out in the X-ray spectral band. Their X-ray spectral properties have been correlated with their IR luminosities, estimated by IRAS, ISO and sub-mm data. The X-ray spectra of HLIRGs present heterogeneous properties. All our X-ray detected HLIRGs (10) have AGN-dominated X-ray spectra. The hard X-ray luminosity of 8 of them is consistent with a pure AGN contribution, while in the remaining 2 sources both an AGN and a starburst seem to contribute to the overall emission. We found soft excess emission in 5 sources. In one of them it is consistent with a pure starburst origin, while in the other 4 sources it is consistent with an AGN origin. The observed X-ray emission is systematically below the one expected for a standard local QSO of the same IR luminosity, suggesting the possible presence of absorption in type 2 objects and/or a departure from a standard spectral energy distribution of QSO. The X-ray-to-IR-luminosity ratio is constant with redshift, indicating similar evolutions for the AGN and starburst component, and that their respective power sources physically related.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 387, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00177", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00411", "text": "time a child reaches adolescence. Early childhood offers a critical period for overcoming risk for violent behavior and providing support for prosocial behavior. (7) Violence prevention programs for very young children yield economic benefits. By providing health and stability to the individual child and the child's family, the programs may reduce expenditures for medical care, special education, and involvement with the judicial system. (8) Primary prevention can be effective. When preschool teachers teach young children interpersonal problem-solving skills and other forms of conflict resolution, children are less to demonstrate problem behaviors. (9) There is evidence that family support programs in families with children from birth through 5 years of age are effective in preventing delinquency. SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Act: (1) At-risk child.--The term ``at-risk child'' means a child who has been affected by violence through direct exposure to child abuse, other domestic violence, or violence in the community. (2) Early childhood education training program.--The term ``early childhood education training program'' means a program that-- (A)(i) trains individuals to work with young children in early child development programs or elementary schools; or (ii) provides professional development to individuals working in early child development programs or elementary schools; (B) provides training to become an early childhood education teacher, an elementary school teacher, a school counselor, or a child care provider; and (C) leads to a bachelor's degree or an associate's degree, a certificate for working with young children (such as a Child Development Associate's degree or an equivalent credential), or, in the case of an individual with such a degree, certificate, or credential, provides professional development. (3) Elementary school.--The term ``elementary school'' has the meaning given the term in section 14101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8801). (4) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). (5) Qualified entity.--The term ``qualified entity'' means a public or nonprofit private organization which has-- (A) experience in administering a program consistent with the requirements of this Act; and (B) demonstrated the ability to coordinate, manage, and provide technical assistance to programs that receive grants under this Act. (6) Secretary", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00981", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00412", "text": "Debris sent into the intergalactic medium during tidal collisions can tell us about several fundamental properties of galaxies, in particular their missing mass, both in the form of cosmological Dark Matter and so-called Lost Baryons. High velocity encounters, which are common in clusters of galaxies, are able to produce faint tidal debris that may appear as star-less, free floating HI clouds. These may be mistaken for Dark Galaxies, a putative class of gaseous, dark matter dominated, objects which for some reason never managed to form stars. VirgoHI21 is by far the most spectacular and most discussed Dark Galaxy candidate so far detected in HI surveys. We show here that it is most made out of material expelled 750 Myr ago from the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4254 during its fly--by at about 1000 km/s by a massive intruder. Our numerical model of the collision is able to reproduce the main characteristics of the system: in particular the absence of stars, and its prominent velocity gradient. Originally attributed to the gas being in rotation within a massive dark matter halo, we find it instead to be consistent with a combination of simple streaming motion plus projection effects (Duc & Bournaud, 2007). We discuss several ways to identify a tidal origin in a Dark Galaxy candidate and illustrate the method using another HI system in Virgo, VCC 2062, which is most a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy (Duc et al., 2007). Now, whereas tidal debris should not contain any dark matter from the halo of their parent galaxies, it may exhibit missing mass in the form of dark baryons, unaccounted for by classical observations, as recently found in the collisional ring of NGC 5291 (Bournaud et al., 2007) and probably in the TDG VCC 2062. These \"Lost Baryons\" must originally have been located in the disks of their parent galaxies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 398, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00400", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00413", "text": "We present an accurate approximation of the full gravitational radiation waveforms generated in the merger of non-eccentric systems of two non-spinning black holes. Utilizing information from recent numerical relativity simulations and the natural flexibility of the effective-one-body (EOB) model, we extend the latter so that it can successfully match the numerical relativity waveforms during the last stages of inspiral, merger and ringdown. By ``successfully'' here, we mean with phase differences < 8% of a gravitational-wave cycle accumulated by the end of the ringdown phase, maximizing only over time of arrival and initial phase. We obtain this result by simply adding a 4-post-Newtonian order correction in the EOB radial potential and determining the (constant) coefficient by imposing high-matching performances with numerical waveforms of mass ratios m1/m2 = 1, 3/2, 2 and 4, m1 and m2 being the individual black-hole masses. The final black-hole mass and spin predicted by the numerical simulations are used to determine the ringdown frequency and decay time of three quasi-normal-mode damped sinusoids that are attached to the EOB inspiral-(plunge) waveform at the EOB light-ring. The EOB waveforms be tested and further improved in the future by comparison with extremely long and accurate inspiral numerical-relativity waveforms. They may already be employed for coherent searches and parameter estimation of gravitational waves emitted by non-spinning coalescing binary black holes with ground-based laser-interferometer detectors.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00289", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00414", "text": "business plans under the Business Plan Initiative of the National Park Service. (c) Education and the National Parks.--The Secretary of Education is hereby authorized to provide grants to elementary and secondary schools to enter into cooperative agreements with the National Park Service for the purpose of distance learning and onsite education programs for the following purposes: (1) Connecting students to the history of our Nation through the national parks. (2) Using the national parks to facilitate scientific instruction. (d) Intent of Congress To Supplement Annual Appropriations for National Park Service.--Amounts made available by this Act are intended by the Congress to supplement, and not detract from, annual appropriations for the National Park Service. TITLE VI--REPORTS SEC. 601. REPORTS ASSESSING THE NATIONAL PARKS. (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior shall submit to Congress the following reports: (1) A comprehensive report of the historical, cultural, and environmental resources currently represented in the National Park System. The report shall include recommendations regarding what gaps, if any, in resource representation may be filled by the National Park Service during its second centennial. (2) A comprehensive report of the National Park Service's outreach efforts to raise interest in National Parks among young people and different ethnic groups. The report shall include-- (A) an analysis of partnerships between National Parks and local communities that are working on educational programs and of the programs on which they are working; and (B) recommendations regarding how the outreach efforts and partnerships improved during the National Park Service's second centennial. (3) A comprehensive report on the condition of the roads and bridges used by visitors in National Parks. The report shall inventory the needs for repairs and replacements of those roads and bridges and recommendations for new roads and bridges. (4) A comprehensive report on the conditions of alternative transportation systems in National Parks. The report shall include recommendations for repairs and replacements of alternative transportation systems, and for additional alternative transportation systems, especially those needed to accommodate bicyclists and pedestrians. For the purpose of this paragraph, ``alternative transportation systems''-- (A) means transportation by bus, rail, or any other publicly or privately owned conveyance that provides service to the public general or special service on a regular basis; (B) includes sightseeing service; (C) includes a non-motorized transportation system (including the provision of facilities for pedestrians, bicycles and", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01040", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00415", "text": "of Labor under section 3(a) may receive bilateral assistance described in subsection (a)(1) if the President determines and certifies to the Congress that it is in the vital national interest of the United States to provide such bilateral assistance to such country or industry, as the case may be. The President shall include in any such certification-- (1) a full and complete description of the vital national interest of the United States that is placed at risk if such assistance is not provided to such country or industry; and (2) a statement weighing the risk described in paragraph (1) against the risk posed to the vital national interest of the United States by the failure of such country to adopt or enforce laws prohibiting child labor or by the use of child labor by such industry, as the case may be. SEC. 5. REGULATIONS. The President shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this Act. SEC. 6. UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERNATIVES FOR UNDERAGE CHILD WORKERS. There is authorized to be appropriated to the President the sum of $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1997 through 2001 for a United States contribution to the International Labor Organization for the activities of the International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor. SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act: (1) Child labor.--The term ``child labor'' means the performance of services in exchange for remuneration (regardless of to whom paid), subsistence, goods, or services, or any combination thereof, or under circumstances tantamount to involuntary servitude-- (A) by persons who have not attained the minimum age, except for-- (i) light work by persons no more than 2 years younger than the minimum age that is not to harm their health or development and which does not prejudice their attendance at school, their participation in vocational orientation or training programs approved by the competent authority in the country concerned, or their capacity to benefit from the instruction received, (ii) work on family and small-scale agricultural holdings which produce for local consumption and do not regularly employ hired workers, (iii) work done by persons at least 14 years of age in schools or other training institutions for general, vocational, or technical education, (iv) work done by persons at least 14 years of age as an integral part of a program of education, training, or occupational guidance carried out in accordance with", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01154", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00416", "text": "feel the widely shared exasperation with Huma Abedin, Hillary Clinton's longtime confidante. Abedin shields her boss from campaign stress, but also reinforces her penchant for privacy. The mystery of Abedin represents what is remote about Clinton herself. To be sure, such infighting has enlivened accounts of past campaigns, especially in the bestseller Game Change, Mark Halperin and John Heilemann's best-seller about the political personality wars of 2008. But those personalities were more compelling and telegenic, calling out to turn themselves into the TV movie they became. (We may well see more of that sort of character when we turn to the internal tale of the Trump team.) This volume may not belong on the same shelf with the series of Theodore H. White classics (The Making of the President) from decades ago, or the quadrennial volumes by reporters Jules Witcover and Jack Germond, or the novelistic What It Takes by Richard Ben Cramer. But Allen and Parnes offer a first bridge beyond the journalism of the campaign year to the scholarship of the historians and other scholars who will process all this material for generations to come. Clinton could hold on to enough of the contemporary Democratic Party to beat back Sanders and win the popular vote in November. But she had no answer to the populist appeal Trump enjoyed among white males and non-college working people in general. Her extraordinary career prepared her to be president, but not to understand ordinary Americans. Ultimately, Allen and Parnes get inside the campaign but not inside the mind of Hillary Clinton. Much the same to have been true for most of her staff and, ultimately, the voters. we never really know the person we send to the White House, but we usually think we do. With Clinton, we never quite got there.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 372, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00641", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00417", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Keep Our Promise to America's Military Retirees Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) No statutory health care program existed for members of the uniformed services who entered service prior to December 7, 1956, and retired after serving a minimum of 20 years. (2) Recruiters, re-enlistment counselors, and officers at all levels of the uniformed services, and other government officials, as agents of the United States Government, used recruiting tactics that allowed members who entered the uniformed services prior to December 7, 1956, to believe they would be entitled to fully paid lifetime health care upon retirement. (3) In the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit decision of November 18, 2002, in Schism v. United States (No. 99-1402), the Court said: ``Accordingly, we must affirm the district court's judgment and can do no more than hope Congress will make good on the promises recruiters made in good faith to plaintiffs and others of the World War II and Korean War era--from 1941 to 1956, when Congress enacted its first health care insurance act for military members, excluding older retirees.... We cannot readily imagine more sympathetic plaintiffs than the retired officers of the World War II and Korean War era involved in this case. They served their country for at least 20 years with the understanding that when they retired they and their dependents would receive full free health care for life. The promise of such health care was made in good faith and relied upon. Again, however, because no authority existed to make such promises in the first place, and because Congress has never ratified or acquiesced to this promise, we have no alternative but to uphold the judgment against the retirees' breach-of-contract claim.... Congress will consider using its legal power to address the moral claims raised by Schism and Reinlie on their own behalf, and indirectly for other affected retirees.''. (4) Only the United States Congress can make good on the promises recruiters made in good faith to plaintiffs and others of the World War II and Korean War era. (5) Statutes enacted in 1956 allowed those who entered service on or after December 7, 1956, and retired after serving a minimum of 20 years or by", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00972", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00418", "text": "Requirements.-- (1) In general.--The design of the coins minted under this Act shall be emblematic of the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, which gave Europe's war-ravaged countries the economic strength by which they choose freedom, and George C. Marshall, the author of the plan. (2) Designation and inscriptions.--On each coin minted under this Act there shall be-- (A) a designation of the value of the coin; (B) an inscription of the year ``1997''; and (C) inscriptions of the words ``Liberty'', ``In God We Trust'', ``United States of America'', and ``E Pluribus Unum''. (3) Obverse side.--The obverse side of each coin minted under this Act shall bear the likeness of George C. Marshall. (b) Selection.--The design for the coins minted under this Act shall be-- (1) selected by the Secretary after consultation with the George C. Marshall Foundation, the Friends of George C. Marshall, and the Commission of Fine Arts; and (2) reviewed by the Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee. SEC. 5. ISSUANCE OF COINS. (a) Quality of Coins.--Coins minted under this Act shall be issued in uncirculated and proof qualities. (b) Mint Facility.--Only 1 facility of the United States Mint may be used to strike any particular combination of denomination and quality of the coins minted under this Act. (c) Commencement of Issuance.--The Secretary may issue coins minted under this Act beginning January 1, 1997. (d) Termination of Minting Authority.--No coins may be minted under this Act after December 31, 1997. SEC. 6. SALE OF COINS. (a) Sale Price.--The coins issued under this Act shall be sold by the Secretary at a price equal to the sum of-- (1) the face value of the coins; (2) the surcharge provided in subsection (d) with respect to such coins; and (3) the cost of designing and issuing the coins (including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, overhead expenses, marketing, and shipping). (b) Bulk Sales.--The Secretary shall make bulk sales of the coins issued under this Act at a reasonable discount. (c) Prepaid Orders.-- (1) In", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01101", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00419", "text": "the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting ``45S(a),'' after ``45P(a),''. (2) Election to have credit not apply.--Section 6501(m) of such Code is amended by inserting ``45S(g),'' after ``45H(g),''. (3) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ``Sec. 45S. Employer credit for paid family and medical leave.''. (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to wages paid in taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 3. GAO STUDY OF IMPACT OF TAX CREDIT TO PROMOTE ACCESS TO PAID FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE. (a) Study.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Labor, shall-- (1) complete a study that-- (A) examines the effectiveness of the tax credit for paid family and medical leave authorized under section 45S of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this Act) in terms of-- (i) increasing access to paid family and medical leave among qualifying employees; (ii) promoting the creation of new paid family and medical leave policies among eligible employers; (iii) increasing the generosity of existing paid family and medical leave policies among eligible employers; and (iv) incentivizing employee or employer behavior that not otherwise have occurred in the absence of the credit; (B) provides recommendations for ways to modify or enhance the tax credit to further promote access to paid family and medical leave for qualifying employees; (C) provides suggestions of alternative policies that Federal and State governments could implement to increase access to paid family and medical leave, particularly among qualifying employees; and (2) prepare and submit a report to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives setting forth the conclusions of the study conducted under paragraph (1) in such a manner that the recommendations included in the report can inform future legislative action. Such report shall also be made publicly available via the website of the Government Accountability Office. (b) Prohibition.--In carrying out the requirements of this section, the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01087", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00420", "text": "We present the first large-scale study of E+A (post-starburst) galaxies that incorporates photometry in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. We find that the starburst that creates the E+A galaxy typically takes place within the last Gyr and creates a high fraction (20-60 percent) of the stellar mass in the remnant over a short timescale (< 0.1 Gyrs). We find a tight correlation between the luminosity of our E+A galaxies and the implied star formation rate (SFR) during the starburst. While low-luminosity E+As (M(z) > -20) exhibit implied SFRs of less than 50 solar masses per year, their luminous counterparts (M(z) < -22) shows SFRs greater than 300 and as high as 2000 solar masses per year, suggesting that luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies in the low-redshift Universe the progenitors of massive nearby E+A galaxies. We perform a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the quenching that truncates the starburst in E+A systems.We find that, for galaxies less massive than 10^10 MSun, the quenching efficiency decreases as the galaxy mass increases. However, for galaxies more massive than 10^10 MSun, this trend is reversed and the quenching efficiency increases with galaxy mass. Noting that the mass threshold at which this reversal occurs is in excellent agreement with the mass above which AGN become significantly more abundant in nearby galaxies, we use simple energetic arguments to show that the bimodal behaviour of the quenching efficiency is consistent with AGN and supernovae (SN) being the principal sources of negative feedback above and below M ~ 10^10 MSun respectively. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00395", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00421", "text": "We consider stationary, axisymmetric hydrodynamic accretion flows in Kerr geometry. As a plausible means of efficiently separating a small population of nonthermal particles from the bulk accretion flows, we investigate the formation of standing dissipative shocks, i.e. shocks at which fraction of the energy, angular momentum and mass fluxes do not participate in the shock transition of the flow that accretes onto the compact object but are lost into collimated (jets) or uncollimated (winds) outflows. The mass loss fraction (at a shock front) is found to vary over a wide range (0 - 95%) depending on flow's angular momentum and energy. On the other hand, the associated energy loss fraction be relatively low (<1%) for a flow onto a non-rotating black hole case, whereas the fraction an order of magnitude higher (<10%) for a flow onto a rapidly-rotating black hole. By estimating the escape velocity of the outflowing particles with a mass-accretion rate relevant for typical active galactic nuclei, we find that nearly 10% of the accreting mass could escape to form an outflow in a disk around a non-rotating black hole, while as much as 50% of the matter may contribute to outflows in a disk around a rapidly-rotating black hole. In the context of disk-jet paradigm, our model suggests that shock-driven outflows from accretion can occur in regions not too far from a central engine. Our results imply that a shock front under some conditions could serve as a plausible site where (nonthermal) seed particles of the outflows (jets/winds) are efficiently decoupled from bulk accretion.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00356", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00422", "text": "LEGAZPI, Philippines (AP) — A significant amount of ash has fallen on towns near the Philippines' most active volcano after energetic eruptions of lava from the crater. Mount Mayon in northeastern Albay province has been erupting more than two weeks, and 84,000 people who fled the danger zone are staying in schools and other crowded shelters. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology said one large lava eruption lasted more than an hour and a half late Monday. The ash plume reached 1.5 kilometers (.9 miles) above the crater and caused significant ashfall in the towns of Camalig and Guinobatan. Mayon has been belching red-hot lava fountains, huge columns of ash and molten rocks into the sky and plunging communities into darkness with falling ash since Jan. 14. It has remained at alert level four on a scale of five, indicating a more violent eruption imminent. Scientists have warned that despite the repeated eruptions of lava, Mayon is still swollen with magma below the surface and could erupt explosively. No injuries have been reported in the current eruption, but authorities have struggled to keep people out of the danger zone 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the crater. They are worried the eruption may last months, disrupting the lives and livelihoods of people in Mayon's shadow. Provincial leaders say disaster funds are running low and have said supplies like facemasks will be depleted if the eruption lasts. The government has raised the possibility of creating a permanent \"no man's land\" around Mayon, a sensitive and complicated proposal that would affect tens and thousands of people living in the fertile farmlands nearby. One possibility is expanding a national park around the base of the volcano, where trees could grow and become a buffer against volcanic flows endangering villages and towns. Mayon has erupted about 50 times in the last 500 years, sometimes violently. In 2013, an ash eruption killed five climbers who had ventured near the summit despite warnings. The Philippines has about 22 active volcanoes. The explosion of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 was one of the biggest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century, killing hundreds. ___ Associated Press writer Jim Gomez in Manila contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 464, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00761", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00423", "text": "them but, they're a lot of fun too, to actually identify these problems. These guys can look at that, they can look at those signatures, they can instantly say, \"You're going to have a problem here.\" Now to codify that, and actually take that and build AI around that, that process is, I would say we're in the early stages. So you saying this, this is what that pattern looks like, now you can feed that into an AI system, and you can start to create a set of patterns that you can look for, and then obviously do what we ultimately wanna do, which is not just predict, but avoid outages and equipment failures in an industrial setting. Patterson: Andrew, last question for you, what about the security? All of us adopting Internet of Things, see security as an integral component of the entire infrastructure. What role does cybersecurity and cyber defense play in adoption of IoT devices? Bennett: Yeah look, the software, the hardware that we deliver for our clients, you know we are working with folks that are driving mission critical OT out there in the industry. So that's the good news. The bad news is that those clients are always gonna be targets, you know really aggressive nation state type attacks, not just your run of the mill hacker. So for us, as a company, when you kind of go back to thinking about EcoStruxure and those three stacks, the important thing is to think, not just about how well hardened is that connected product, 'cause some of them aren't. They weren't historically, they were just a thermometer, right, and so you wouldn't think about how you had to protect just a little device. But you have to think about cybersecurity comprehensively across that entire stack. Not just the products, not just the edge control, but the software layer at the top. So, for us as a company, that's really our approach to think about all three of those aspects of EcoStruxure, how we not just bring new devices and add new IO to that environment, but how we think about cybersecurity from the product design level all the way up to that top stack of software, so, it's a big challenge, and you know we take it pretty seriously as a company, as you can imagine. For more about IoT and other tech innovations, subscribe to our Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 489, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00579", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00424", "text": "A fixture of the London landscape and soundscape, Big Ben, is falling silent for four years. The bell will cease its regular tolling while extensive repairs are made to the famous clock tower that looms over the Palace of Westminster, the home of the British Parliament. The massive bell will mark the hour for the last time at noon on Aug. 21 and then pause for four years while the Elizabeth Tower, which houses the Great Clock and the Great Bell, aka Big Ben, is restored. A larger restoration of the Parliament buildings is to begin in the early 2020s, according to a Parliament website. Quieting Big Ben's mighty bongs will help preserve the hearing of workers involved in the project. The keeper of the Great Clock, Steve Jaggs, said in a statement that the pause \"is a significant milestone in this crucial conservation project.\" If you're in London next Monday you may want to accept Jaggs' invitation to gather in Parliament Square \"to hear Big Ben's final bongs until they return in 2021.\" However, Big Ben will still bong for important national events such as New Year's Eve and Remembrance Sunday. The Great Bell has chimed nearly every hour for the past 157 years. It has had previous breaks in service for maintenance and conservation in 2007, in 1983-1985 and in 1976. The 13.7-ton bell, which was forged in the 1850s, is accompanied by smaller chimes that ring out each quarter hour. The Great Clock has a Victorian-era clockwork mechanism that triggers the bell and chimes. That mechanism and the clock's four faces will also get refurbished, which will require the faces to be covered. To make sure Londoners don't get completely disoriented and lose track of the correct time, Jaggs says at least one clock face will remain visible. It will keep time with the aid of a modern electric motor, while the Victorian mechanism is being repaired.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 402, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00648", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00425", "text": "social media to claim he had written in a 2011 textbook that women shouldn't hold elected office. He didn't. In his final pitch before polls open, Jones called the choice a \"crossroads\" and asked that \"decency\" prevail. \"We've had this history in the past, going down the road that... has not been productive,\" Jones said. \"We've lagged behind in industry. We've lagged behind in education. We've lagged behind in health care. It's time we take the road that's going to get us on the path to progress.\" At his own election eve rally, Moore again denied all the allegations, calling them \"disgusting\" and offering voters a clear measure: \"If you don't believe in my character, don't vote for me.\" Earlier in the day, Moore cast himself as the victim. \"It's just been hard, a hard campaign,\" he said. For Alabama, the outcome defining. Democrats and moderate Republicans see an opportunity to reject a politician who is already regular fodder for late-night television and enough of a curiosity that Chinese leader Xi Jinping paused a presidential meeting in Beijing recently to ask Trump through an interpreter, \"Who is Roy Moore?\" Alabama's senior senator, Richard Shelby, confirmed publicly that he wrote in a \"distinguished Alabama Republican\" rather than vote for Moore. Many Republicans, however, see an opportunity to defend the state's conservative, evangelical bent in the face of unfair liberal criticism while delivering another victory for Trump and sending an anti-establishment senator into a federal government that has been reflexively unpopular among Alabama majorities for generations. Trump's campaign architect and former White House adviser Steve Bannon told Moore supporters Monday evening that the race is a \"national election\" that will determine whether the \"Trump miracle\" continues. Moore says he is aligned with the president and he makes similar arguments to Trump, blasting \"the elite\" in the \"swamp\" of Washington, D.C. For Jones to win, he must build an atypical coalition, maximizing turnout among African-American voters and white liberals who often don't combine for more than 40 percent of the electorate, while coaxing votes from enough white Republicans who can't pull the lever for Moore. One of Jones' celebrity backers framed the choice as being much less complicated. \"I love Alabama,\" said Leeds native and former NBA basketball star Charles Barkley, \"but at some point we've got to draw a line in the sand", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00776", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00426", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — Below is the statement the Fed released Wednesday after its policy meeting ended: Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in December indicates that the labor market has continued to strengthen and that economic activity has been rising at a solid rate. Gains in employment, household spending, and business fixed investment have been solid, and the unemployment rate has stayed low. On a 12-month basis, both overall inflation and inflation for items other than food and energy have continued to run below 2 percent. Market-based measures of inflation compensation have increased in recent months but remain low; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations are little changed, on balance. Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee expects that, with further gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace and labor market conditions will remain strong. Inflation on a 12-month basis is expected to move up this year and to stabilize around the Committee's 2 percent objective over the medium term. Near-term risks to the economic outlook appear roughly balanced, but the Committee is monitoring inflation developments closely. In view of realized and expected labor market conditions and inflation, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 percent. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting strong labor market conditions and a sustained return to 2 percent inflation. In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. The Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected inflation developments relative to its symmetric inflation goal. The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant further gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data. Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Thomas I. Barkin; Raphael W. Bost", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00789", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00427", "text": "Building a slide deck, pitch, or presentation? Here are the big takeaways: Individuals can get access to all of their data from a given firm, including their employer, by filing a subject access request. The GDPR will eliminate the cost for subject access requests and shorten the required response time from 40 days to 30. The May 25 deadline for the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is fast-approaching, and the coming changes will greatly shift the ability of companies to interact with customer data. Many people know the GDPR for its hard-line regulation around the \"right to be forgotten,\" where an individual can request a company to erase the personal data it holds on them. However, it also contains the right to access any information that may be held by a company, including your employer. The process for data access under GDPR will be mostly the same as it was under the Data Protection Act of 1998, but with a few slight differences. For starters, a person will need to file a subject access request (SAR) that, as noted by the Guardian, is simply \"an email, fax or letter asking for their personal data.\" SEE: EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) policy (Tech Pro Research) For clear guidelines on submitting an SAR, see the Subject access code of practice from the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). There is no particular format required, as long as the request is made in writing. There are two key differences between SAR requests made under the Data Privacy Act and those made under GDPR: The cost and time frame. Before GDPR, the maximum fee that charged for access to your data was £10, or about $14. Under GDPR, however, that fee is being removed for standard requests. Although, the ICO also notes that a firm may charge a \"reasonable fee\" when \"a request is manifestly unfounded or excessive, particularly if it is repetitive.\" According to SAR guidelines from the ICO, an individual should have the personal data held on them described, be told whether their personal data is being processes, be told why it's being processed, be told if that data is being sent anywhere else, and be given a copy the data and details of its sourcing. The other detail that will change with personal data access under GDPR is how long companies have to respond to your request. Under the Data Privacy Act, companies had 40 calendar days to respond once they received a request. Now, however", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00510", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00428", "text": "A study of the $p d \\to p d \\eta$ reaction in the energy range where the recent data from Uppsala are available, is done in the two-step model of $\\eta$ production including the final state interaction. The $\\eta -d$ final state interaction is incorporated through the solution of the Lippmann Schwinger equation using an elastic scattering matrix element, $T_{\\eta d \\to \\eta d}$, which is required to be half off-shell. It is written in a factorized form, with an off-shell form factor multiplying an on-shell part given by an effective range expansion up to the fourth power in momentum. The parameters of this expansion have been taken from an existing recent relativistic Faddeev equation solution for the $\\eta NN$ system corresponding to different $\\eta-N$ scattering amplitudes. Calculations have also been done using few body equations within a finite rank approximation (FRA) to generate $T_{\\eta d \\to \\eta d}$. The $p-d$ final state interaction is included in the spirit of the Watson-Migdal prescription by multiplying the matrix element by the inverse of the Jost function. The $\\eta-d$ interaction is found to be dominant in the region of small invariant $\\eta -d$ mass, $M_{\\eta d}$. The $p-d$ interaction enhances the cross section in the whole region of $M_{\\eta d}$, but is larger for large $M_{\\eta d}$. We find nearly isotropic angular distributions of the proton and the deuteron in the final state. All the above observations are in agreement with data. The production mechanism for the entire range of the existing data on the $p d \\to p d \\eta$ reaction to be dominated by the two-step model of $\\eta$ production.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00038", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00429", "text": "We investigate the gravitational wake due to, and dynamical friction on, a perturber moving on a circular orbit in a uniform gaseous medium using a semi-analytic method. This work is a straightforward extension of Ostriker (1999) who studied the case of a straight-line trajectory. The circular orbit causes the bending of the wake in the background medium along the orbit, forming a long trailing tail. The wake distribution is thus asymmetric, giving rise to the drag forces in both opposite (azimuthal) and lateral (radial) directions to the motion of the perturber, although the latter does not contribute to orbital decay much. For subsonic motion, the density wake with a weak tail is simply a curved version of that in Ostriker and does not exhibit the front-back symmetry. The resulting drag force in the opposite direction is remarkably similar to the finite-time, linear-trajectory counterpart. On the other hand, a supersonic perturber is able to overtake its own wake, multiple times, and develops a very pronounced tail. The supersonic tail surrounds the perturber in a trailing spiral fashion, enhancing the perturbed density at the back as well as far front of the perturber. We provide the fitting formulae for the drag forces as functions of the Mach number, whose azimuthal part is surprisingly in good agreement with the Ostriker's formula, provided Vp t=2 Rp, where Vp and Rp are the velocity and orbital radius of the perturber, respectively.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00101", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00430", "text": "416, other than an order under subsection (e)(1) of such section.''. (2) Adulterated dietary supplements.-- (A) Order regarding demonstration of safety.-- Section 402 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 342) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(i) If it is a dietary supplement and the manufacturer of the supplement fails to comply with an order of the Secretary under section 416(e)(1) that is issued with respect to the supplement.''. (B) Certain court procedures; determination of unreasonable risk.--Section 402(f) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 342(f)) is amended-- (i) in subparagraph (1), by striking the matter after and below clause (D) of such subparagraph; and (ii) by adding at the end the following subparagraph: ``(3)(A) For purposes of clause (A) or (B) of subparagraph (1), the Secretary shall consider a dietary supplement or dietary ingredient as presenting an unreasonable risk of illness or injury if the Secretary determines that the risks of such product outweighs its benefits, as indicated by a relative weighing of the known and reasonably risks of the product against its known and reasonably benefits. In the absence of a sufficient benefit, the presence of even a relatively small risk of a serious adverse health effect to a user may be considered by the Secretary as unreasonable. ``(B) A determination by the Secretary under clause (A) with respect to the risk of a product may be made on the basis of any science-based evidence of risk, without the need to prove that the substance has actually caused harm in particular cases. The Secretary shall consider any relevant evidence including but not limited to scientific data about the toxicological properties of a dietary ingredient or its mechanism of action; known effects of pharmacologically related compounds, including those regulated as drugs; the results of clinical studies, including observational studies; and adverse event reports. ``(C) A determination that a product presents an unreasonable risk may be made under clause (A) by the Secretary even though there are uncertainties as to the levels of a dietary ingredient that may present a risk.''. (3) Trade secrets.--Section 301(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 331(j)) is amended by inserting ``416,'' after ``414,''. (c) Inspection", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01105", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00431", "text": "boro. Paths could open up as the snow melts, taking the excess water to rivers, streams and lakes. Areas should be on the lookout for rising water levels, but but the melt taking off that excess water from snowpack slowly could help alleviate flooding in the spring, according to the NWS. Less snow could mean less moisture that could flow over the plains. \"Anything helps,\" Speicher said. \"It definitely helps that we are going back below freezing at night because that slows the flow rate down.\" Devils Lake Basin To the west, Devils Lake could see above-freezing temperatures today and into the weekend, with some days going above 40 degrees. A slow melt can't hurt the Devils Lake Basin, said Jeff Frith, manager of the Devils lake Basin Joint Water Resource Board. The region surrounding the 150,000-acre lake will see major flooding due to heavy snow and saturated soil from a wet summer and fall. NWS meteorologists predict a 2- to 4-foot rise with record runoff and elevations. There still is a lot of winter left and potential for more snow, though Devils Lake has been lucky since snowfall has been relatively low for moisture accumulation in January and into mid-February, he said. \"A long, slow melt would be just what the doctor ordered, but we have way too much winter left to start getting really excited about spring,\" Frith said. NWS meteorologists were assessing snowpack and other factors that will play a role in predicting flood outlooks. The agency's second spring flood outlook is due Thursday, though Frith doesn't expect much to change since the last one was released almost three weeks ago. The Midwest will see more precipitation than normal in February, and that trend should continue into April, according to NWS. There is no precipitation forecast for this week, though there is a 50 percent chance of next week being wetter than normal. Overall, February for almost all of the U.S. should be warmer than normal. Colder-than-normal temperatures could return by the end of February and into early March, NWS meteorologists predict.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 426, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00605", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00432", "text": "We present Gemini integral field spectroscopy and Keck II longslit spectroscopy of the extended emission-line region (EELR) around the quasar 4C 37.43. The velocity structure of the ionized gas is complex and cannot be explained globally by a simple dynamical model. The spectra from the clouds are inconsistent with shock or ``shock + precursor'' ionization models, but they are consistent with photoionization by the quasar nucleus. The best-fit photoionization model requires a low-metallicity (12+log(O/H) < 8.7) two-phase medium, consisting of a matter-bounded diffuse component with a unity filling-factor (N ~ 1 \\cc, T ~ 15000 K), in which are embedded small, dense clouds (N ~ 400 \\cc, T ~ 10^4 K). The high-density clouds are transient and can be re-generated through compressing the diffuse medium by low-speed shocks (V_S \\lesssim 100 \\kms). Our photoionization model gives a total mass for the ionized gas of about 3x10^{10} M_sun, and the total kinetic energy implied by this mass and the observed velocity field is ~2x10^{58} ergs. The fact that luminous EELRs are confined to steep-spectrum radio-loud quasars, yet show no morphological correspondence to the radio jets, suggests that the driving force producing the 4C 37.43 EELR was a roughly spherical blast wave initiated by the production of the jet. That such a mechanism capable of ejecting a mass comparable to that of the total interstellar medium of the Milky Way suggests that ``quasar-mode'' feedback may indeed be an efficient means of regulating star formation in the early universe.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 370, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00192", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00433", "text": ", where relevant, the efficacy of any steps taken by the Board or relevant Federal agency to respond to such atrocities; (E) countries and regions at risk of atrocities, including a description of specific risk factors, at- risk groups, and scenarios in which atrocities would occur; and (F) the atrocities prevention training for Foreign Service officers authorized under subparagraph (D) of section 708(a)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, as added by section 4; (2) recommendations to ensure shared responsibility by-- (A) enhancing multilateral mechanisms for preventing atrocities, including strengthening the role of international organizations and international financial institutions in conflict prevention, mitigation, and response; and (B) strengthening relevant regional organizations; (3) the implementation status of the recommendations contained in the previous review required by this section; and (4) identification of the Federal agencies and civil society, academic, and nongovernmental organizations and institutions consulted for preparation of such report. (b) Consideration of Recommendations.--The preparation of the report required by subsection (a) shall include a consideration of analysis, reporting, and policy recommendations to prevent and respond to atrocities produced by civil society, academic, and other nongovernmental organizations and institutions. (c) Availability to Congress.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be made available to all members of Congress. SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. In this Act-- (1) the term ``genocide'' means an offense under subsection (a) of section 1091 of title 18, United States Code; (2) the term ``atrocities'' means war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide; (3) the term ``transitional justice'' means the range of judicial, nonjudicial, formal, informal, retributive, and restorative measures employed by countries transitioning out of armed conflict or repressive regimes to redress legacies of atrocities and to promote long-term, sustainable peace; and (4) the term ``war crime'' has the meaning given the term in section 2441(c) of title 18, United States Code. SEC. 7. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as authorizing the use of military force. Passed the Senate December 12, 2018. Attest: Secretary. 115th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 1158 _______________________________________________________________________ AN ACT To help prevent acts of genocide", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00982", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00434", "text": "Transient lunar phenomena (TLPs) have been reported for centuries, but their nature is largely unsettled. A review of TLP reports shows regularities in the observations; a key question is whether this structure is imposed by human observer effects, terrestrial atmospheric effects or processes tied to the lunar surface. I interrogate an extensive TLP catalog to determine if human factors determine the distribution of TLP reports. I divide the sample according to variables which should produce varying results if determining factors involve humans e.g., historical epoch or geographical location of the observer, not reflecting phenomena tied to the lunar surface. Regardless of how we split the ample, the results are similar: ~50% of the reports involve crater Aristarchus nd vicinity, ~16% from Plato, ~6% from other recent, major impacts, plus a few at Grimaldi. Mare Crisium produces a robust signal for three of five averages of up to 7% of the reports (however, Crisium is an extended feature). The consistency in TLP report counts for specific features indicates that >~80% of reports are consistent with being real (excepting Crisium). Some commonly reported sites disappear from the robust averages, including Alphonsus, Ross D and Gassendi. TLP reports supporting these sites originate almost entirely after year 1955, when TLPs became more popular targets of observation and many more (and inexperienced) observers searched for TLPs. In a companion paper, we compare the spatial distribution of robust TLP sites of transient outgassing (seen on Apollo and Lunar Prospector). To a high confidence against the random hypothesis, robust TLP sites and those of lunar outgassing correlate strongly, further arguing for the reality of TLPs. [Abstract abridged.]", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 362, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00294", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00435", "text": ". He didn't know at the time how important the work would become. Murders have recently spiked in his state as a feud broke out between drug cartels. January of this year set a record for the most murders there ever. A week before his death, Max posted this Facebook Live video which got 15,000 views. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) MAXIMINO RODRIGUEZ: (Speaking Spanish). FREDRICK: He's running up to a crime scene outside a local prison. A man had been shot and would turn out to be a plainclothes police officer. But this type of reporting put Max at risk for exposing crimes and sometimes the criminals behind them. MORGAN: (Speaking Spanish). FREDRICK: \"Our outlet promotes freedom of expression,\" says Morgan. \"Our comments sections are open, so it's become routine for us to receive threats there.\" Last week, Max wrote about a string of murdered police officers and named the head of a local gang as the mastermind. There are five comments on the story. One ominously reads you're lighting the candles for your own funeral, Max. Three days later, Rodriguez were shot to death as he pulled up in front of a supermarket. It was the exact kind of crime he would have run to cover, camera phone in hand. On Sunday night, the state government said that the same weapon was used in the murder of Max and the police officer Max had reported on the week before, meaning he was targeted for his work. Max's death on Friday is the latest in a long list of murdered reporters throughout Mexico. Three others were murdered in March alone. NOE ZAVALETA: (Speaking Spanish). FREDRICK: Noe Zavaleta knows the risks journalists face as well as anyone. His predecessor at investigative magazine Proceso was strangled to death in her home. And a photojournalist he often worked with was killed after fleeing to Mexico City. ZAVALETA: (Speaking Spanish). FREDRICK: \"We journalists face real threats,\" says Zavaleta. \"Organized crime, that's obvious. Another is the state that tries to oppress our voices. And the third are corrupt media outlets that work with the first two to try to smear journalists who become victims.\" Murdered journalists have become so common as to harden Zavaleta's reaction to another death. ZAVALETA:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00624", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00436", "text": "Building a slide deck, pitch, or presentation? Here are the big takeaways: A new class from Amazon, the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Exam, will validate a cloud pro's ability to secure the AWS platform. Cloud skills are in high demand, but added security expertise could help set job seekers apart. A new professional exam from Amazon Web Services (AWS) will help cloud experts validate their ability to secure data on the platform, according to a Monday blog post. The AWS Certified Security - Specialty Exam is now available to those who hold either an Associate or Cloud Practitioner certification from AWS. As noted in the post, AWS recommends that those taking the exam have at least five years experience working in IT security and two years experience working on AWS workloads. The exam will deal with such topics as \"incident response, logging and monitoring, infrastructure security, identity and access management, and data protection,\" the post said. The exam consists of 65 multiple choice questions and will take 170 minutes to complete. The registration fee is $300. SEE: Cloud computing policy (Tech Pro Research) According to the post, once the exam is complete, the test taker will have a working knowledge or understanding of the following: Specialized data classifications on AWS AWS data protection mechanisms Data encryption methods and AWS mechanisms to implement them Secure Internet protocols and how to implement them on AWS AWS security services and features Additionally, the post noted that those who pass the exam will have a competency in working with AWS security services in production, an understanding of security operations, and the \"ability to make tradeoff decisions with regard to cost, security, and deployment complexity given a set of application requirements.\" For those looking to prepare for the exam, the post recommends going to the AWS Training website and working on the Advanced Architecting on AWS and Security Operations on AWS trainings. Additional security trainings on AWS Security Fundamentals, Authentication and Authorization with AWS Identity and Access Management, AWS Shared Responsibility Model, and AWS Well-Architected Training are also helpful. Additionally, compliance and security whitepapers will also help prepare would-be test takers. Stay informed, click here to subscribe to the TechRepublic Cloud Insights newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 442, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00507", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00437", "text": "We consider the implications from Paper I on how gas leaking through the lunar surface interact with the regolith, and in what respects this affect or cause the appearance of optical Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLPs). We consider briefly a range of phenomena, but concentrate at the extremes of high and low gas flow rate, which represent the more behaviors. Extremely fast i.e., explosive, expulsion of gas from the surface is investigated by examining the minimal amount of gas needed to displace a plug of regolith above a site of gaseous overpressure at the regolith's base. The area and timescale of this disturbance, it is consistent with observed TLPs. Furthermore there are several ways in which such an explosion be expected to change the lunar surface appearance in a way consistent with many TLPs, including production of obscuration, brightening and color changes. At the slow end of the volatile flow range, gas seeping from the interior is retained below the surface for extensive times due to the low diffusivity of regolith material. A special circumstance arises if the volatile flow contains water vapor, because water is uniquely capable of freezing as it passes from the base to the surface of the regolith. For a large TLP site, it is plausible to think of areas on the square-km scale accumulating significant bodies of water ice. Furthermore, as the system evolves over geological time, the ice accumulation zone will evolve downwards into the regolith. Since many reactions possible between the volatiles and regolith, depending on the additional gases besides water, can act to decrease diffusivity in the regolith, it is plausible that the volatiles produce a barrier between the seepage source and vacuum, forcing the ice zone to expand to larger areas.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 357, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00296", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00438", "text": "of property under subparagraph (A), including any seizure and disposition of the property and any related judicial or administrative proceeding, shall be governed by the procedures set forth in section 413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 853), other than subsection (d) of that section. Notwithstanding section 413(h) of that Act, at the conclusion of the forfeiture proceedings, the court shall order that any forfeited article or component of an article bearing or consisting of a counterfeit mark be destroyed. ``(4) When a person is convicted of an offense under this section, the court, pursuant to sections 3556, 3663A, and 3664, shall order the person to pay restitution to the owner of the mark and any other victim of the offense as an offense against property referred to in section 3663A(c)(1)(A)(ii). ``(5) The term `victim', as used in paragraph (4), has the meaning given that term in section 3663A(a)(2).''. (3) Subsection (e)(1) is amended-- (A) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: ``(A) a spurious mark-- ``(i) that is used in connection with trafficking in any goods, services, labels, patches, stickers, wrappers, badges, emblems, medallions, charms, boxes, containers, cans, cases, hangtags, documentation, or packaging of any type or nature; ``(ii) that is identical with, or substantially indistinguishable from, a mark registered on the principal register in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in use, whether or not the defendant knew such mark was so registered; ``(iii) that is applied to or used in connection with the goods or services for which the mark is registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or is applied to or consists of a label, patch, sticker, wrapper, badge, emblem, medallion, charm, box, container, can, case, hangtag, documentation, or packaging of any type or nature that is designed, marketed, or otherwise intended to be used on or in connection with the goods or services for which the mark is registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office; and ``(iv) the use of which is to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive; or''; and (B)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00934", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00439", "text": "by the victim of the crime involved that the act constituting the basis of the crime was not committed. ``(C) Possession.--The term `possession', used with respect to possession of a sample of sexual assault evidence by a State or unit of local government, includes possession by an individual who is acting as an agent of the State or unit of local government for the collection of the sample.''. SEC. 3. SEXUAL ASSAULT FORENSIC EVIDENCE REGISTRY. (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall establish a Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence Registry (in this section referred to as the ``Registry'') that-- (1) allows States and units of local government to enter information into the Registry about samples of sexual assault evidence that are in the possession of such States or units of local government and are awaiting testing; and (2) tracks the testing and processing of such samples. (b) Information in Registry.-- (1) In general.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information into the Registry about a sample of sexual assault evidence shall include the following information: (A) The date of the sexual assault to which the sample relates. (B) The city, county, or other appropriate locality where the sexual assault occurred. (C) The date on which the sample was collected. (D) The date on which information about the sample was entered into the Registry. (E) The status of the progression of the sample through testing and other stages of the evidentiary handling process, including the identity of the entity in possession of the sample. (F) The date or dates after which the State or unit of local government would be barred by any applicable statutes of limitations from prosecuting a perpetrator of the sexual assault for the sexual assault. (G) Such other information as the Attorney General considers appropriate. (2) Personally identifiable information.--The Attorney General shall ensure that the Registry does not include personally identifiable information or details about a sexual assault that lead to the identification of the individuals involved, except the information listed in paragraph (1). (c) Sample Identification Number.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information about a sample of sexual assault evidence into the Registry shall assign to the sample a unique numeric or alphanumeric identifier. In assigning the identifier, a State or unit of local government may use a case-numbering system used for", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01123", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00440", "text": "which the Secretary receives an appraisal conducted by or for an Indian tribe pursuant to paragraphs (2) or (3) of subsection (a), the Secretary shall-- ``(1) review the appraisal; and ``(2) provide to the Indian tribe a written notice of approval or disapproval of the appraisal. ``(c) Failure of Secretary To Approve or Disapprove.--If, after 60 days, the Secretary has failed to approve or disapprove any appraisal received, the appraisal shall be deemed approved. ``(d) Option to Indian Tribes To Waive Appraisal.-- ``(1) An Indian tribe wishing to waive the requirements of subsection (a), may do so after it has satisfied the requirements of subsections (2) and (3) below. ``(2) An Indian tribe wishing to forego the necessity of a waiver pursuant to this section must provide to the Secretary a written resolution, statement, or other unambiguous indication of tribal intent, duly approved by the governing body of the Indian tribe. ``(3) The unambiguous indication of intent provided by the Indian tribe to the Secretary under paragraph (2) must include an express waiver by the Indian tribe of any claims for damages it have against the United States as a result of the lack of an appraisal undertaken. ``(e) Definition.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `appraisal' includes appraisals and other estimates of value. ``(f) Regulations.--The Secretary shall develop regulations for implementing this section, including standards the Secretary shall use for approving or disapproving an appraisal.''. (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13201 note) is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to title XXVI the following: ``Sec. 2607. Appraisal reforms.''. SEC. 4. STANDARDIZATION. As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior shall implement procedures to ensure that each agency within the Department of the Interior that is involved in the review, approval, and oversight of oil and gas activities on Indian lands shall use a uniform system of reference numbers and tracking systems for oil and gas wells. SEC. 5. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS OF MAJOR FEDERAL ACTIONS ON INDIAN LANDS. Section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00834", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00441", "text": "(Abridged) We have discovered a strong DLA coincident in redshift with the faint QSO Q2343-BX415 (R = 20.2, z_em = 2.57393). Follow-up observations at intermediate spectral resolution reveal that the metal lines associated with this 'proximate' DLA consist of two sets of absorption components. One set is moving towards the quasar with velocities of ~ 150-600 km/s; this gas is highly ionized and does not fully cover the continuum source, suggesting that it is physically close to the active nucleus. The other, which accounts for most of the neutral gas, is blueshifted relative to the QSO, with the strongest component at ~ -160 km/s. We consider the possibility that the PDLA arises in the outflowing interstellar medium of the host galaxy of Q2343-BX415, an interpretation supported by strong C IV and N V absorption at nearby velocities, and by the intense radiation field longward of the Lyman limit implied by the high C II*/H I ratio. If Q2343-BX415 is the main source of these UV photons, then the PDLA is located at either ~ 8 or ~ 37 kpc from the active nucleus. Alternatively, the absorber may be a foreground star-forming galaxy unrelated to the quasar and coincidentally at the same redshift, but our deep imaging and follow-up spectroscopy of the field of Q2343-BX415 has not yet produced a candidate. We measure the abundances of 14 elements in the PDLA, finding an overall metallicity of ~ 1/5 solar and a normal pattern of relative element abundances for this metallicity. Thus, in this PDLA there is no evidence for the super-solar metallicities that have been claimed for some proximate, high ionization, systems.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 386, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00419", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00442", "text": "Drug Enforcement Administration shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency a list of those by-products of the methamphetamine production process that, in the event of improper disposal and inadequate remediation, are to cause long-term harm to the environment. The Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration shall take into consideration the report required by section 106 in preparing the initial list and shall revise the list annually thereafter as necessary to reflect changes in the methamphetamine production process. (d) Time for Designation.--The designations required by subsections (a) and (b) shall be completed not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act. If the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration revises the list referred to in subsection (c), the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall complete additional designations to reflect the revisions made to the list not later than 18 months after the date of the submission of the revised list. SEC. 104. GRANT PROGRAM TO ASSIST LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN THE SAFE IDENTIFICATION, CLEANUP, AND DISPOSAL OF METHAMPHETAMINE LABORATORIES. (a) Grants Authorized.--The Secretary of Labor, acting through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, shall provide grants to local law enforcement agencies for-- (1) training in safe procedures for identifying, cleaning up, and disposing of methamphetamine laboratories, and (2) acquisition of equipment for the safe identification, cleanup, and disposal of methamphetamine laboratories, including costs associated with such training and acquisition provided by public agencies or private organizations. (b) Rulemaking.--The Secretary of Labor may prescribe rules to carry out this section. (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2003. SEC. 105. GRANT PROGRAM TO ASSIST LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN MEETING THE COSTS OF COMPLYING WITH FEDERAL LAWS RELATING TO METHAMPHETAMINE LABORATORY CLEANUP AND DISPOSAL. (a) Grants Authorized.--The Secretary of Labor shall provide grants to local law enforcement agencies to assist such agencies in meeting the costs of complying with Federal laws regarding the cleanup and disposal of methamphetamine laboratories. (b) Rulemaking.--The Secretary of Labor may prescribe rules to carry out this section. (c) Authorization", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01161", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00443", "text": "We present \"On The Fly\" maps of the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) emission covering a 10' X 10' region of the NGC 6946. Using our CO maps and archival VLA HI observations we create a total gas surface density map, Sigma_gas, for NGC 6946. The predominantly molecular inner gas disk transitions smoothly into an atomic outer gas disk, with equivalent atomic and molecular gas surface densities at R = 3.5' (6 kpc). We estimate that the total H2 mass is 3 X 10^9 Mo, roughly 1/3 of the interstellar hydrogen gas mass, and about 2% of the dynamical mass of the galaxy at our assumed distance of 6 Mpc. The value of the CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) line ratio ranges from 0.35 to 2; 50% of the map is covered by very high ratio, >1, gas. The very high ratios are predominantly from interarm regions and indicate the presence of wide-spread optically thin gas. Star formation tracers are better correlated with the total neutral gas disk than with the molecular gas by itself implying SFR is proportional to Sigma_gas. Using the 100 FIR and 21 cm continuum from NGC 6946 as star formation tracers, we arrive at a gas consumption timescale of 2.8 Gyr, which is relatively uniform across the disk. The high star formation rate at the nucleus be due to a large accumulation of molecular gas rather than a large increase in the star formation efficiency. The mid-plane gas pressure in the outer (R > 10 kpc) HI arms of NGC 6946 is close to the value at the radial limit (10 kpc) of our observed CO disk. If the mid-plane gas pressure is a factor for the formation of molecular clouds, these outer HI gas arms should contain molecular gas which we do not see because they are beyond our detection limit.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 411, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00367", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00444", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``National AMBER Alert Network Act of 2003''. SEC. 2. NATIONAL COORDINATION OF AMBER ALERT COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. (a) Coordination Within Department of Justice.--The Attorney General shall assign an officer of the Department of Justice to act as the national coordinator of the AMBER Alert communications network regarding abducted children. The officer so designated shall be known as the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice. (b) Duties.--In acting as the national coordinator of the AMBER Alert communications network, the Coordinator shall-- (1) seek to eliminate gaps in the network, including gaps in areas of interstate travel; (2) work with States to encourage the development of additional elements (known as local AMBER plans) in the network; (3) work with States to ensure appropriate regional coordination of various elements of the network; and (4) act as the nationwide point of contact for-- (A) the development of the network; and (B) regional coordination of alerts on abducted children through the network. (c) Consultation With Federal Bureau of Investigation.--In carrying out duties under subsection (b), the Coordinator shall notify and consult with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation concerning each child abduction for which an alert is issued through the AMBER Alert communications network. (d) Cooperation.--The Coordinator shall cooperate with the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Communications Commission in carrying out activities under this section. SEC. 3. MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR ISSUANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF ALERTS THROUGH AMBER ALERT COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. (a) Establishment of Minimum Standards.--Subject to subsection (b), the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice shall establish minimum standards for-- (1) the issuance of alerts through the AMBER Alert communications network; and (2) the extent of the dissemination of alerts issued through the network. (b) Limitations.--(1) The minimum standards established under subsection (a) shall be adoptable on a voluntary basis only. (2) The minimum standards shall, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies), provide that the dissemination of an alert through the AMBER Alert communications network be limited to the geographic areas most to facilitate the recovery of the abducted child concerned. (3) In carrying out activities under subsection (a), the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00991", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00445", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Latest on sexual misconduct allegations against President Donald Trump (all times local): 2:55 p.m. The White House is pushing back on sexual misconduct allegations against President Donald Trump, saying he has already denied them. Three women who previously accused Trump of sexual harassment shared their stories Monday on NBC's \"Megyn Kelly Today.\" They're calling for a congressional investigation. White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders says Trump \"has addressed these accusations directly and denied all of these allegations.\" She says the people decided in November to elect him regardless. Jessica Leeds, Samantha Holvey and Rachel Crooks are among the women who have alleged harassment by Trump. The White House has called the claims false and \"totally disputed in most cases.\" The U.S. ambassador to the United Nations has said the women should be heard. ___ 10:30 a.m. Three women who have previously accused President Donald Trump of sexual harassment are sharing their stories on NBC's \"Megyn Kelly Today.\" Jessica Leeds, Samantha Holvey and Rachel Crooks on Monday told of alleged harassment by Trump spanning decades. The White House called the claims false and \"totally disputed in most cases.\" It said \"the timing and absurdity of these false claims speak volumes.\" One of the accusers, Rachel Crooks, called the White House statement \"laughable.\" Crooks says of sexual misconduct: \"politicians seem to be immune to this.\" The women, who first shared their stories before the November 2016 election, were holding a press conference later Monday to call for a congressional investigation into Trump's alleged behavior.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 327, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00794", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00446", "text": "We have observed the central region of the IR-dark cloud filament associated with IRAS 18507+0121 at millimeter wavelengths in CO(1-0), 13CO(1-0), and C18O(1-0) line emission and with the Spitzer Space Telescope at mid-IR wavelengths. Five massive outflows from two cloud cores were discovered. Three outflows are centered on or near an Ultracompact HII region (G34.4+0.23) while the remaining two outflows originate from the millimeter core G34.4+0.23 MM. Modeling of the SEDs of the mid-IR sources identified 31 young stellar objects in the filament with a combined stellar mass of ~127 +/- 27 Msun. An additional 22 sources were identified as probable cluster members based on the presence of strong 24 micron emission. The total star formation efficiency in the G34.4 cloud filament is estimated to be ~7% while the massive and intermediate mass star formation efficiency in the entire cloud filament is estimated to be roughly 2%. A comparison of the gravitational binding energy with the outflow kinetic energy suggests that the compact core containing G34.4+0.23 MM is being destroyed by its molecular outflows whereas the outflows associated with more massive core surrounding the G34.4 UC HII region are not to totally disrupt the cloud. Additionally, a qualitative evaluation of the region suggest that stars in this region may have formed in two stages: first lower mass stars formed and then, a few Myrs later, the more massive stars began to form.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 329, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00310", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00447", "text": "Quantum gravity is analyzed from the viewpoint of the renormalization group. The analysis is based on methods introduced by J. Polchinski concerning the perturbative renormalization with flow equations. In the first part of this work, the program of renormalization with flow equations is reviewed and then extended to effective field theories that have a finite UV cutoff. This is done for a scalar field theory by imposing additional renormalization conditions for some of the nonrenormalizable couplings. It turns out that one so obtains a statement on the predictivity of the effective theory at scales far below the UV cutoff. In particular, nonrenormalizable theories can be treated without problems in the proposed framework. In the second part, the standard covariant BRS quantization program for Euclidean Einstein gravity is applied. A momentum cutoff regularization is imposed and the resulting violation of the Slavnov-Taylor identities is discussed. Deriving Polchinski's renormalization group equation for Euclidean quantum gravity, the predictivity of effective quantum gravity at scales far below the Planck scale is investigated with flow equations. A fine-tuning procedure for restoring the violated Slavnov-Taylor identities is proposed and it is argued that in the effective quantum gravity context, the restoration will only be accomplished with finite accuracy. Finally, the no-cutoff limit of Euclidean quantum gravity is analyzed from the viewpoint of the Polchinski method. It is speculated whether a limit with nonvanishing gravitational constant exist where the latter would ultimatively be determined by the cosmological constant and the masses of the elementary particles.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00085", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00448", "text": "Programs to observe evolution in the Mbh-sigma or Mbh-L relations typically compare black-hole masses, Mbh, in high-redshift galaxies selected by nuclear activity to Mbh in local galaxies selected by luminosity L, or stellar velocity dispersion sigma. Because AGN luminosity is to depend on Mbh, selection effects are different for high-redshift and local samples, potentially producing a false signal of evolution. This bias arises because cosmic scatter in the Mbh-sigma and Mbh-L relations means that the mean log(L) or log(sigma) among galaxies that host a black hole of given Mbh, may be substantially different than the log(L) or log(sigma) obtained from inverting the Mbh-L or Mbh-sigma relations for the same nominal Mbh. The bias is particularly strong at high Mbh, where the luminosity and dispersion functions of galaxies are falling rapidly. The most massive black holes occur more often as rare outliers in galaxies of modest mass than in the even rarer high-mass galaxies, which would otherwise be the sole location of such black holes in the absence of cosmic scatter. Because of this bias, Mbh will typically be too large in the distant sample for a given L or sigma. For the largest black holes and the largest plausible cosmic scatter, the bias can reach a factor of 3 in Mbh for the Mbh-sigma relation and a factor of 9 for the Mbh-L relation. Unfortunately, the actual cosmic scatter is not known well enough to correct for the bias. Measuring evolution of the Mbh and galaxy property relations requires object selection to be precisely defined and exactly the same at all redshifts.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 338, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00188", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00449", "text": "localities, Indian tribes or tribal organizations, and nonprofit entities to promote improving access to dependable, affordable automobiles by low-income families. ``(D) Grant approval criteria.--The Secretary shall establish criteria for approval of an application for a grant under this paragraph that include consideration of-- ``(i) the extent to which the proposal, if funded, is to improve access to training and employment opportunities and child care services by low-income families by means of car ownership; ``(ii) the level of innovation in the applicant's grant proposal; and ``(iii) any partnerships between the public and private sector in the applicant's grant proposal. ``(E) Use of funds.-- ``(i) In general.--A grant awarded under this paragraph shall be used to administer programs that assist low-income families with dependable automobile ownership, and maintenance of, or insurance for, the purchased automobile. ``(ii) Supplement not supplant.--Funds provided to a State, Indian tribe or tribal organization, county, or locality under a grant awarded under this paragraph shall be used to supplement and not supplant other State, county, or local public funds expended for car ownership programs. ``(iii) General rules governing use of funds.--The rules of section 404, other than subsection (b) of that section, shall not apply to a grant made under this paragraph. ``(iv) Rule of interpretation.--For purposes of any requirement, limitation, or prohibition imposed on an individual or family by or pursuant to this part, assistance provided to a low-income family pursuant to a program referred to in clause (i) shall not be considered assistance under a State program funded under this part. ``(F) Application.--Each applicant desiring a grant under this paragraph shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably require. ``(G) Reversion of funds.--Any funds paid from to a grant made under this paragraph that are not expended within 3 years after the date the grant is awarded shall be available for redistribution among other grantees in such manner and amount as the Secretary may determine, unless the Secretary extends by regulation the time period to expend the funds. ``(H) Limitation on administrative costs of the secretary.--Not more than an amount equal to 5 percent of the funds appropriated to make grants under this paragraph for a fiscal year shall be expended for administrative costs of the Secretary in carrying out this paragraph. ``(I) Evaluation.--The Secretary shall, by grant,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01054", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00450", "text": "Over 30 years, spending on nuclear forces could exceed $1,000,000,000,000. (4) Numerous United States Government officials have warned of the affordability problem posed by the current nuclear weapons sustainment plans, cautioning that those plans cannot be executed in the absence of significant long-term increases to defense spending or cuts to other military priorities. For example, Brian McKeon, former Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense stated in October 2015, ``We're looking at that big bow wave [in nuclear weapons spending] and wondering how the heck we're going to pay for it, and probably thanking our lucky stars we won't be here to answer the question.''. (5) An April 2017 Government Accountability Office report found that there is a significant mismatch between the 25-year plan of the Department of Energy to refurbish the Nation's nuclear warheads and supporting infrastructure, and the Department's budget estimates. The report also found that key warhead life extension programs are underfunded. (6) According to the Congressional Budget Office's 2017 long-term budget outlook report, discretionary spending, including national defense spending, is to continue to be constrained even after the expiration of sequestration under part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.), as amended by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (Public Law 112-25; 125 Stat. 240), as a result of an aging population, rising health care costs, and the rising interest on the national debt. (7) A substantial decrease in spending on the nuclear arsenal of the United States is prudent for both the budget and national security. The current plans to sustain the United States nuclear arsenal assume that the United States will maintain a nuclear arsenal like the one it has now for decades to come. However, the Department of Defense's June 2013 nuclear policy guidance entitled, ``Report on Nuclear Employment Strategy of the United States'' found that force levels under the Treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, signed on April 8, 2010, and entered into force on February 5, 2011 (commonly known as the ``New START Treaty''), ``are more than adequate for what the United States needs to fulfill its national security objectives'' and can be reduced by up to one-third", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01015", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00451", "text": "INDIAN WELLS, Calif. (AP) — For the Koch brothers and their powerful donor network, the trouble with President Donald Trump isn't what he's doing. It's how he's doing it. Huddled at a private retreat in the California desert, the conservative movement's moneyed elite worried aloud this weekend that the Republican president's undisciplined behavior is clouding his achievements — and making it harder for the GOP to protect its grip on Congress heading into the 2018 midterms. \"President Trump is not helping get many Republicans elected,\" said Tom Shepherd, a Cincinnati-based businessman who joined roughly 550 Koch donors at a private retreat in the California desert this weekend. \"he's doing more harm than good because he's distracting people from the good work which is happening, which is either happening because of him or in spite of him.\" The frustration with the unorthodox president comes as the Kochs begin to implement their strategy to protect Republican majorities in the House and Senate this fall. The GOP has no more powerful ally than the vast political and policy network assembled by the Midwestern industrialist icons, long demonized by the left and revered by the right for their short- and long-term efforts to reshape American politics and culture. The Koch network's chief lieutenants renewed their vow this weekend to spend up to $400 million on politics and policy to shape November's midterm elections nationwide. That's more than the combined resources spent by the Republican National Committee, the National Rifle Association and the Chamber of Commerce in the 2016 election cycle. They outlined plans on Monday to spend big on political advertising now through the end of July on as many as 14 key Senate races and 15 gubernatorial elections. Their goal: Flood the airwaves with political messaging early to help shape voters' opinions long before the election season's final months. \"We need to be on offense starting now,\" said Emily Seidel, CEO of the Kochs' political arm, Americans for Prosperity. She said the network has already decided to play in Senate contests in Wisconsin, Indiana, Missouri and Florida — all seats held by vulnerable Democrats. They expect to be active in many more. And on governor's races, they're targeting Nevada, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan and Florida to start. The investment includes $20 million to help sell the recently adopted tax overhaul to a skeptical American public through a series of public rallies, phone banking and paid advertising. Despite the extraordinary", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00697", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00452", "text": "New information on short/hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is being gathered thanks to the discovery of their optical and X-ray afterglows. However, some key aspects are still poorly understood, including the collimation level of the outflow, the duration of the central engine activity, and the properties of the progenitor systems. We want to constrain the physical properties of the short GRB 050724 and of its host galaxy, and make some inferences on the global short GRB population. We present optical observations of the afterglow of GRB 050724 and of its host galaxy, significantly expanding the existing dataset for this event. We compare our results with models, complementing them with available measurements from the literature. We study the afterglow light curve and spectrum including X-ray data. We also present observations of the host galaxy. The observed optical emission was related to the large flare observed in the X-ray light curve. The apparent steep decay was therefore not due to the jet effect. Available data are indeed consistent with low collimation, in turn implying a large energy release, comparable to that of long GRBs. The flare properties also constrain the internal shock mechanism, requiring a large Lorentz factor contrast between the colliding shells. This implies that the central engine was active at late times, rather than ejecting all shells simultaneously. The host galaxy has red colors and no ongoing star formation, consistent with previous findings on this GRB. However, it is not a pure elliptical, and has some faint spiral structure. GRB 050724 provides the most compelling case for association between a short burst and a galaxy with old stellar population. It thus plays a pivotal role in constraining progenitors models, which should allow for long delays between birth and explosion.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 359, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00238", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00453", "text": "Agencies, Lucknow Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav, facing a ‘political coup” by his son and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav, has rushed to Delhi to meet the Election Commission (EC) for derailing the efforts of Akhilesh to get the cycle election symbol. Mulayam Singh Yadav, accompanied by his younger brother Shivpal Yadav and friend Amar Singh, have reached Delhi to meet Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) Nasim Zaidi at 1400 hrs. Before leaving for New Delhi, Mulayam ruled out his health woes. “You see, I am fit” The SP chief further claimed that the party’s election symbol was his signature, hence there is no question of anyone getting it by holding an illegal meeting and toppling. “I have made this party with strong dedication and hard work, but now some people are trying to throw me out. “Media ne hamesha mera sath diya hai, maine koi bhrashtachar ya galat kaam nahi kiya. Ilzaam laga bhi toh SC ne mujhe bari kiya hai (Media has always supported me. I have never done any corruption or wrong thing. Once an allegation was made against me, but the Supreme Court had given me a clean chit),” he said. Earlier, Mulayam had also cancelled his proposed national convention here on January 5, after his son and UP CM put all spanners not to give permission to hold any meeting at the government venue. The meeting was slated to be held at the Janeshwar Mishra Park, where a meeting was held yesterday to declare Akhilesh as the party’s national president, removing Mulayam. Shivpal Singh Yadav, who was ousted by Akhilesh as the state party chief, today informed the media that the January 5 meet has been cancelled. However, he did not give any concrete reason for the cancellation. The January 5 was called after Akhilesh was declared the SP’s national president, in place of Mulayam. There were also reports that the state government had refused to give permission to hold a meeting at the Janeshwar Mishra Park. the rift is still not bridged as last night, even after Mulayam complained of high blood pressure, Akhilesh who stays at the adjoining bungalow", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00672", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00454", "text": "import (optional) Encryption password Admin setup (email/password) Dropbox setup (optional) Email setup (optional) Once I completed the wizard, trouble in paradise arose. During the first round, the final screen was blank. After a reboot, I had to walk through the wizard again. This time around the final screen appeared, the All set link didn't work. So I returned to the IP address and was presented with a login screen. I attempted to use the admin email/password I'd setup during the wizard, but that wouldn't work. I then attempted root/password... again to no avail. After another reboot (unplug, wait a few seconds, plug back in), I was (once again) sent to the setup wizard (only this time, half-way through). Once again, the final screen links wouldn't work. Fortunately, I was sent two devices, so I unplugged the first (a GS-16) and plugged in the second (a GS-64). This time around, everything went smoothly and I was able to log into the Gitstorage interface (Figure B). Figure B Usage From the main interface, your first task is to create users. Click on the Users button and add the necessary information for a new user (Figure C). Figure C You can now create a new repository. However, new repositories can only be created by the Root user. This is a problem. Why? Remember that admin user created during setup? I was unable to login with that user. So the only user with root privileges is root and the password is, well, not even remotely secure. Changing that password isn't nearly as intuitive as you think (at least not from an admin perspective). Instead of the root user password change option being in the Settings sections, you must click on the Root user button in the upper right corner. From the popup menu (Figure D), click Account. Figure D In the resulting window, click Password. When prompted, type (and verify) the new password for the root user. Log out and log back in with your new credentials. Now click on the Repositories entry in the left navigation, click the Create button, give the repository a name, and click Submit. Once you've created the repository, click on the Settings entry for it and then click the Add user button, so you can add users to the repository (otherwise the root user will be the only one with access). SEE: 10 Terminal commands to speed your work on", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00509", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00455", "text": ". Any ADR used to resolve a health care liability action or claim shall contain provisions relating to statute of limitations, noneconomic damages, joint and several liability, punitive damages, collateral source rule, periodic payments, and award of attorney's fees which are consistent with the provisions relating to such matters in this Act. SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act: (1) Actual damages.--The term ``actual damages'' means damages awarded to pay for economic loss. (2) ADR.--The term ``ADR'' means an alternative dispute resolution system established under Federal or State law that provides for the resolution of health care liability claims in a manner other than through health care liability actions. (3) Claimant.--The term ``claimant'' means any person who brings a health care liability action and any person on whose behalf such an action is brought. If such action is brought through or on behalf of an estate, the term includes the claimant's decedent. If such action is brought through or on behalf of a minor or incompetent, the term includes the claimant's legal guardian. (4) Clear and convincing evidence.--The term ``clear and convincing evidence'' is that measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established. Such measure or degree of proof is more than that required under preponderance of the evidence but less than that required for proof beyond a reasonable doubt. (5) Collateral source payments.--The term ``collateral source payments'' means any amount paid or reasonably to be paid in the future to or on behalf of a claimant, or any service, product, or other benefit provided or reasonably to be provided in the future to or on behalf of a claimant, as a result of an injury or wrongful death, pursuant to-- (A) any State or Federal health, sickness, income- disability, accident or workers' compensation Act; (B) any health, sickness, income-disability, or accident insurance that provides health benefits or income-disability coverage; (C) any contract or agreement of any group, organization, partnership, or corporation to provide, pay for, or reimburse the cost of medical, hospital, dental, or income disability benefits; and (D) any other publicly or privately funded program. (6) Drug.--The term ``drug'' has the meaning given such term in", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00851", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00456", "text": "We consider a simple gravitational-heating mechanism for the long-term quenching of cooling flows and star formation in massive dark-matter haloes hosting ellipticals and clusters. The virial shock heating in haloes >10^12 Mo triggers quenching in 10^12-13 Mo haloes (Birnboim, Dekel & Neistein 2007). We show that the long-term quenching in haloes >Mmin~7x10^12 Mo due to the gravitational energy of cosmological accretion delivered to the inner-halo hot gas by cold flows via ram-pressure drag and local shocks. Mmin is obtained by comparing the gravitational power of infall into the potential well with the overall radiative cooling rate. The heating wins if the gas inner density cusp is not steeper than r^-0.5 and if the masses in the cold and hot phases are comparable. The effect is stronger at higher redshifts, making the maintenance easier also at later times. Clumps >10^5 Mo penetrate to the inner halo with sufficient kinetic energy before they disintegrate, but they have to be <10^8 Mo for the drag to do enough work in a Hubble time. Pressure confined ~10^4K clumps are stable against their own gravity and remain gaseous once below the Bonnor-Ebert mass ~10^8 Mo. They are also immune to tidal disruption. Clumps in the desired mass range could emerge by thermal instability in the outer halo if the conductivity is not too high. Alternatively, such clumps may be embedded in dark-matter subhaloes if the ionizing flux is ineffective, but they separate from their subhaloes by ram pressure before entering the inner halo. Heating by dynamical friction becomes dominant for massive satellites, which can contribute up to one third of the total gravitational heating. We conclude that gravitational heating by cosmological accretion is a viable alternative to AGN feedback as a long-term quenching mechanism.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 408, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00342", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00457", "text": "is not pro-poor people and his words were disrespectful and rude,\" he said. Ahok's blasphemy trial and the ease with which hard-liners attracted several hundred thousand to protest against him in Jakarta have undermined Indonesia's reputation for practicing a moderate form of Islam and shaken the centrist government of President Joko \"Jokowi\" Widodo. Calls for Ahok to be killed and anti-Chinese sentiment were disturbing elements of the protests, one of which turned violent, with dozens injured and one person dying from the effects of tear gas. Defeat for Ahok would also be a defeat for Indonesia's moderate political and religious leaders and further embolden hard-liners, who say a non-Muslim should not lead Muslims. The governorship is also seen as a launching pad into national politics and the presidency. There will be a runoff election in April if none of the candidates gets the 50 percent plus one vote required for an outright win. One scenario is that Ahok proceeds to the runoff but is defeated by anti-Ahok voters uniting behind the remaining Muslim candidate. Jokowi voted in a neighborhood of central Jakarta and called for national unity. \"Differences of political choice should not to divide us,\" he said. \"After this election, we want everything to be back as brothers, we all need to maintain our unity and integrity.\" Ahok had been popular because of his drive to eliminate corruption from the Jakarta administration and his efforts to make the city more livable. But brutal demolitions of some of the slum neighborhoods that are home to millions and ill-considered outspokenness proved to be his Achilles' heel. Opponents seized their moment last year when a video surfaced of Ahok telling voters they were being deceived if they believed a specific verse in the Quran prohibited Muslims from electing a non-Muslim as leader. \"I voted for Ahok because he is already showing results of real work and honesty,\" said Sriyana Dewi, as she left a polling booth with her 7-old-month son in a sling. ___ Associated Press writer Ali Kotarumalos contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 428, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00716", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00459", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Social Security Number Protection Act of 2002''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress makes the following findings: (1) The inappropriate sale or purchase of Social Security numbers is a significant factor in a growing range of illegal activities, including fraud, identity theft, and, in some cases, stalking and other violent crimes. (2) While financial institutions, health care providers, and other entities have often used Social Security numbers to confirm the identity of an individual, the sale or purchase of these numbers often facilitates the commission of criminal activities, and also can result in serious invasions of individual privacy. (3) The Federal Government requires virtually every individual in the United States to obtain and maintain a Social Security number in order to pay taxes, to qualify for Social Security benefits, or to seek employment. An unintended consequence of these requirements is that Social Security numbers have become tools that can be used to facilitate crime, fraud, and invasions of the privacy of the individuals to whom the numbers are assigned. Because the Federal Government created and maintains this system, and because the Federal Government does not permit persons to exempt themselves from those requirements, it is appropriate for the Government to take steps to stem the abuse of this system. (4) A Social Security number is simply a sequence of numbers. In no meaningful sense can the number itself impart knowledge or ideas. Persons do not sell or transfer such numbers in order to convey any particularized message, nor to express to the purchaser any ideas, knowledge, or thoughts. (5) A Social Security number does not contain, reflect, or convey any publicly significant information or concern any public issue. The sale of such numbers in no way facilitates uninhibited, robust and wide-open public debate; and restrictions on such sale would not affect public debate. (6) No one should seek to profit from the sale of Social Security numbers in circumstances that create a substantial risk of physical, emotional, or financial harm to the individuals to whom those numbers are assigned. (7) Consequently, Congress should enact legislation that will offer individuals assigned such numbers necessary protection from the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers in circumstances that facilitate unlawful conduct or that otherwise result in unfair and deceptive practices. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal Trade Commission. (2) Person.--The term ``person'' means any", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00841", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00460", "text": "Following deep astrometric and photometric study of the cluster NGC2682 (M67), we are able to accurately determine its fundamental parameters. Being an old and rich cluster, M67 is a relevant object for the analysis of the Galactic disk evolution. M67 is well studied but the lack of a wide and deep Stromgren photometric study makes our results worthwhile. The brightest stars of the open cluster M67 were used as uvby-Hbeta standard stars in our studies of NGC1817 and NGC2548, and the extension of the field covered, as well as the amount of observations, allowed to obtain the best set of Stromgren data ever published for this cluster. We discuss the results of our CCD uvby-Hbeta intermediate-band photometry, covering an area of about 50'x50' down to V 19. Moreover, a complete membership segregation based on astrometric and photometric criteria is obtained. The photometric analysis of a selected sample of stars yields a reddening value of E(b-y)= 0.03\\pm0.03, a distance modulus of V_0-M_V= 9.7\\pm0.2 and [Fe/H]= 0.01\\pm0.14. Through isochrone fitting we found an age of log t= 9.6\\pm0.1 (4.2\\pm0.2 Gyr). A clump of approximately 60 stars around V= 16, (b-y)= 0.4 interpreted as a population of pre-cataclysmic variable stars (if members), or as a stream of field G-type stars placed at twice the distance of the cluster (if non-members).", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00078", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00461", "text": "at the time of consideration for such extension of a contract, assist with the establishment of new collection sites, or contract with new collection sites; and ``(C) annually provides to the Secretary a plan for, and demonstrates, ongoing measurable progress toward achieving self-sufficiency of cord blood unit collection and banking operations.''; (5) in subsection (g)(4), by striking ``or parent''; and (6) in subsection (h)-- (A) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following: ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the program under this section $23,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2014 and $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2015. Such funds so appropriated shall remain available until expended.''; and (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``in each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009'' and inserting ``for fiscal years 2011 through 2015''. (b) National Program.--Section 379 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 274k) is amended-- (1) by striking subsection (a)(6) and inserting the following: ``(6) The Secretary, acting through the Advisory Council, shall submit to Congress an annual report on the activities carried out under this section.''; (2) by striking subsection (d)(2)(D) and inserting the following: ``(D) support studies and demonstration and outreach projects for the purpose of increasing cord blood unit donation and collection from a genetically diverse population, including exploring novel approaches or incentives, such as remote or other innovative technological advances that used to collect cord blood units, to expand the number of cord blood unit collection sites partnering with cord blood banks that receive a contract under the National Cord Blood Bank Inventory program under section 2 of the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005;''; and (3) by striking subsection (f)(5)(A) and inserting the following: ``(A) require the establishment of a system of strict confidentiality to protect the identity and privacy of patients and donors in accordance with Federal and State law; and''. (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 379B of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 274m) is amended by striking ``$34,000,000'' and all that follows through the period at the end", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01137", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00462", "text": "We argue that non-Abelian gauge fields can be treated as the pseudo-Goldstone vector bosons caused by spontaneous Lorentz invariance violation (SLIV). To this end, the SLIV which evolves in a general Yang-Mills type theory with the nonlinear vector field constraint $Tr(% \\boldsymbol{A}_{\\mu }\\boldsymbol{A}^{\\mu})=\\pm M^{2}$ ($M$ is a proposed SLIV scale) imposed is considered in detail. With an internal symmetry group $G$ having $D$ generators not only the pure Lorentz symmetry SO(1,3), but the larger accidental symmetry $SO(D,3D)$ of the SLIV constraint in itself be spontaneously broken as well. As a result, while the pure Lorentz violation still generates only one genuine Goldstone vector boson, the accompanying pseudo-Goldstone vector bosons related to the $SO(D,3D)$ breaking also come into play in the final arrangement of the entire Goldstone vector field multiplet. Remarkably, they remain strictly massless, being protected by gauge invariance of the Yang-Mills theory involved. We show that, although this theory contains a plethora of Lorentz and $CPT$ violating couplings, they do not lead to physical SLIV effects which turn out to be strictly cancelled in all the lowest order processes considered. However, the physical Lorentz violation could appear if the internal gauge invariance were slightly broken at very small distances influenced by gravity. For the SLIV scale comparable with the Planck one the Lorentz violation could become directly observable at low energies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00010", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00463", "text": "open textbooks in postsecondary courses offered by the eligible entity, including an estimate of the projected savings that will be achieved for students; (B) a plan for evaluating, before creating new open educational resources, whether existing open educational resources used or adapted for the same purpose; (C) a plan for quality review and review of accuracy of any open educational resources to be created or adapted through the grant; (D) a plan for disseminating information about the results of the project to institutions of higher education outside of the eligible entity, including promoting the adoption of any open textbooks created or adapted through the grant; and (E) a statement on consultation with relevant faculty, including those engaged in the creation of open educational resources, in the development of the application. (d) Special Consideration.--In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to applications that demonstrate the greatest potential to-- (1) achieve the highest level of savings for students through sustainable expanded use of open textbooks in postsecondary courses offered by the eligible entity; (2) expand the use of open textbooks at institutions of higher education outside of the eligible entity; and (3) produce-- (A) the highest quality open textbooks; (B) open textbooks that can be most easily utilized and adapted by faculty members at institutions of higher education; (C) open textbooks that correspond to the highest enrollment courses at institutions of higher education; and (D) open textbooks created or adapted in partnership with entities, including campus bookstores, that will assist in marketing and distribution of the open textbook. (e) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall use the grant funds to carry out any of the following activities to expand the use of open textbooks: (1) Professional development for any faculty and staff members at institutions of higher education, including the search for and review of open textbooks. (2) Creation or adaptation of open educational resources, especially open textbooks. (3) Development or improvement of tools and informational resources that support the use of open textbooks. (4) Research evaluating the efficacy of the use of open textbooks for achieving savings for students. (5) Partnerships with other entities, including other institutions of higher education, for-profit organizations, or nonprofit organizations, to carry out any of the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (4). (f) License.--Educational resources created under subsection (e) shall be licensed under a non-exclusive, permanent license", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00963", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00464", "text": "LIVERPOOL, England (AP) — Theo Walcott scored his first goals for Everton in a 2-1 Premier League victory over Leicester on Wednesday. The former Arsenal winger's first-half double put the home side in control before Jamie Vardy's penalty ensured a nervous finish for the hosts. The victory provided some respite for Everton, which had slipped to within five points of the relegation zone after failing to win its previous six league games. Leicester's lack of potency in attack attributed to the absence of Riyad Mahrez, who reportedly did not train Tuesday after being the subject of a bid from Premier League leader Manchester City. However, there was no excuse for Leicester's defensive frailties, with Everton taking full advantage. Cuco Martina poached the ball from his opposing full back Ben Chilwell on the edge of the Leicester box, allowing Gylfi Sigurdsson to square for Walcott, who finished neatly from close range to give Everton the lead after 25 minutes. Walcott, who had made just six Premier League appearances for Arsenal this season before joining Everton earlier in January, continued his fine start with the Toffees when he doubled the lead six minutes before the break. Wayne Rooney's cross to the back post was headed back across goal by Michael Keane, with Walcott timing his arrival perfectly to volley past Kasper Schmeichel. Leicester pulled a goal back in the 71st when Vardy converted from the spot after Rooney tugged back Wilfried Ndidi, but Everton held on for the win. Leicester, which hadn't conceded in its three previous league games, drops to eighth in the table with 34 points, three clear of Everton which stays ninth. There was an additional boost for Everton as full back Seamus Coleman made his first Premier League appearance for 319 days having recovered from a double fracture of his leg.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00807", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00465", "text": "We report discovery of a compact object at high Galactic latitude. The object was initially identified as a ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog X-ray source, 1RXS J141256.0+792204, statistically to possess a high X-ray to optical flux ratio. Further observations using {\\em Swift}, Gemini-North, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory refined the source position and confirmed the absence of any optical counterpart to an X-ray to optical flux ratio of F_X/F_V > 8700 (3 sigma). Interpretation of 1RXS J141256.0+792204 -- which we have dubbed Calvera -- as a typical X-ray-dim isolated neutron star would place it at z ~ 5.1 kpc above the Galactic disk -- in the Galactic halo -- implying that it either has an extreme space velocity (v_z >~ 5100 km s-1) or has failed to cool according to theoretical predictions. Interpretations as a persistent anomalous X-ray pulsar, or a ``compact central object'' present conflicts with these classes' typical properties. We conclude the properties of Calvera are most consistent with those of a nearby (80 to 260 pc) radio pulsar, similar to the radio millisecond pulsars of 47 Tuc, with further observations required to confirm this classification. If it is a millisecond pulsar, it has an X-ray flux equal to the X-ray brightest millisecond pulsar (and so is tied for highest flux); is the closest northern hemisphere millisecond pulsar; and is potentially the closest known millisecond pulsar in the sky, making it an interesting target for X-ray-study, a radio pulsar timing array, and LIGO.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00126", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00466", "text": ") Training sessions.--The Federal land agencies shall offer training sessions for elected and appointed officials of gateway communities at which such officials can obtain a better understanding of-- (A) agency planning processes; and (B) the methods by which they can participate most meaningfully in the development of the agency plans, decisions, and policies referred to in paragraph (1). (4) Technical assistance.--At the request of the government of a gateway community, a Federal land agency shall assign, to the extent practicable, an agency employee or contractor to work with the community to develop data and analysis relevant to the preparation of agency plans, decisions, and policies referred to in paragraph (1). (5) Review of federal land management planning.--At the request of a gateway community, and to the extent practicable, a Federal land manager shall assist the gateway community to conduct a review of land use, management, or transportation plans of the Federal land manager to affect the gateway community. (6) Coordination of land use.--To the extent consistent with the laws governing the administration of the Federal public lands, a Federal land manager may enter into a cooperative agreement with a gateway community to provide for coordination between-- (A) the land use inventory, planning, and management activities for the Federal lands administered by the Federal land manager; and (B) the land use planning and management activities of other Federal agencies, agencies of the State in which the Federal lands are located, and local and tribal governments in the vicinity of the Federal lands. (7) Interagency cooperation and coordination.--To the extent practicable, when the plans and activities of two or more Federal land agencies are anticipated to have a significant impact on a gateway community, the Federal land agencies involved shall consolidate and coordinate their plans and planning processes to facilitate the participation of the gateway community in the planning processes. (8) Treatment as cooperating agencies.--When a proposed action is determined to require the preparation of an environmental impact statement, the Federal land agencies shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than the scoping process, actively solicit the participation of gateway communities as cooperating agencies under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). (e) Grants To Assist Gateway Communities.-- (1) Grants authorized; purposes.--A Federal land manager may make grants to an eligible gateway community to enable the gateway community-- (A) to participate in Federal land planning or management processes; (B) to obtain", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00899", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00467", "text": "We present observations with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer of three QSOs at z>5 aimed at detecting molecular gas in their host galaxies as traced by CO transitions. CO (5-4) is detected in SDSSJ033829.31+002156.3 at z=5.0267, placing it amongst the most distant sources detected in CO. The CO emission is unresolved with a beam size of ~1\", implying that the molecular gas is contained within a compact region, less than ~3kpc in radius. We infer an upper limit on the dynamical mass of the CO emitting region of ~3x10^10 Msun/sin(i)^2. The comparison with the Black Hole mass inferred from near-IR data suggests that the BH-to-bulge mass ratio in this galaxy is significantly higher than in local galaxies. From the CO luminosity we infer a mass reservoir of molecular gas as high as M(H2)=2.4x10^10 Msun, implying that the molecular gas accounts for a significant fraction of the dynamical mass. When compared to the star formation rate derived from the far-IR luminosity, we infer a very short gas exhaustion timescale (~10^7 yrs), comparable to the dynamical timescale. CO is not detected in the other two QSOs (SDSSJ083643.85+005453.3 and SDSSJ163033.90+401209.6) and upper limits are given for their molecular gas content. When combined with CO observations of other type 1 AGNs, spanning a wide redshift range (0<z<6.4), we find that the host galaxy CO luminosity (hence molecular gas content) and the AGN optical luminosity (hence BH accretion rate) are correlated, but the relation is not linear: L(CO) ~ [lambda*L_lambda(4400A)]^0.72. Moreover, at high redshifts (and especially at z>5) the CO luminosity saturate. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of black hole-galaxy co-evolution.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 440, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00386", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00468", "text": "provide, at each meeting of the advisory group, an opportunity for interested persons to present oral or written statements concerning items on the agenda for the meeting. (B) Notice.--The Secretary shall provide to the public timely notice of each meeting of the advisory group. (C) Minutes.--The Secretary shall keep and make available to the public minutes of each meeting of the advisory group. (4) Exemption.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C.) shall not apply to the establishment and activities of an advisory group in accordance with this subsection. SEC. 8. REPORT TO CONGRESS. Not later than October 1, 2002, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the results and effectiveness of the program carried out under this Act, including recommendations concerning how the Act be improved and whether the program should be continued in the future. SEC. 9. NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRD CONSERVATION ACCOUNT. (a) Establishment.--There is established in the Multinational Species Conservation Fund of the Treasury a separate account to be known as the ``Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Account'', which shall consist of amounts deposited into the Account by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (b). (b) Deposits Into the Account.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit into the Account-- (1) all amounts received by the Secretary in the form of donations under subsection (d); and (2) other amounts appropriated to the Account. (c) Use.-- (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may use amounts in the Account, without further Act of appropriation, to carry out this Act. (2) Administrative expenses.--Of amounts in the Account available for each fiscal year, the Secretary may expend not more than 6 percent to pay the administrative expenses necessary to carry out this Act. (d) Acceptance and Use of Donations.--The Secretary may accept and use donations to carry out this Act. Amounts received by the Secretary in the form of donations shall be transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury for deposit into the Account. SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There is authorized to be appropriated to the Account to carry out this Act $8,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2000 through 2002, to remain available until expended. SEC. 11. PRIVATE PROPERTY. Nothing in this Act shall place restrictions on", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00873", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00469", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Under section 2576a of title 10, United States Code, the Department of Defense is authorized to provide excess property to local law enforcement agencies. The Defense Logistics Agency, administers such section by operating the Law Enforcement Support Office program. (2) New and used material, including mine-resistant ambush- protected vehicles and weapons determined by the Department of Defense to be ``military grade'' are transferred to local law enforcement agencies through the program. (3) As a result local law enforcement agencies, including police and sheriff's departments, are acquiring this material for use in their normal operations. (4) The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have led to an increase in the transfer of military equipment to local law enforcement agencies. (5) According to public reports, approximately 12,000 police organizations across the country were able to procure nearly $500,000,000 worth of excess military merchandise including firearms, computers, helicopters, clothing, and other products, at no charge during fiscal year 2011 alone. (6) More than $4,000,000,000 worth of weapons and equipment have been transferred to police organizations in all 50 states and four territories through the program. (7) In May 2012, the Defense Logistics Agency instituted a moratorium on weapons transfers through the program after reports of missing equipment and inappropriate weapons transfers. (8) Though the moratorium was widely publicized, it was lifted in October 2013 without adequate safeguards. (9) As a result, Federal, State, and local law enforcement departments across the country are eligible again to acquire free ``military-grade'' weapons and equipment that used inappropriately during policing efforts in which citizens and taxpayers harmed. (10) Pursuant to section III(J) of a Defense Logistics Agency memorandum of understanding, property obtained through the program must be placed into use within one year of receipt, providing an incentive for the unnecessary and potentially dangerous use of ``military grade'' equipment by local law enforcement. SEC. 3. LIMITATION ON DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TRANSFER OF PERSONAL PROPERTY TO LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES. (a) In General.--Section 2576a of title 10, United States Code, is amended-- (", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01107", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00470", "text": "SECTION 1. LIABILITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES PROVIDING USE OF FACILITIES TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS. (a) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Business entity.--The term ``business entity'' means a firm, corporation, association, partnership, consortium, joint venture, or other form of enterprise. (2) Facility.--The term ``facility'' means any real property, including any building, improvement, or appurtenance. (3) Gross negligence.--The term ``gross negligence'' means voluntary and conscious conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is to be harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (4) Intentional misconduct.--The term ``intentional misconduct'' means conduct by a person with knowledge (at the time of the conduct) that the conduct is harmful to the health or well-being of another person. (5) Nonprofit organization.--The term ``nonprofit organization'' means-- (A) any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code; or (B) any not-for-profit organization organized and conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or health purposes. (6) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision of any such State, territory, or possession. (b) Limitation on Liability.-- (1) In general.--Subject to subsection (c), a business entity shall not be subject to civil liability relating to any injury or death occurring at a facility of the business entity in connection with a use of such facility by a nonprofit organization if-- (A) the use occurs outside of the scope of business of the business entity; (B) such injury or death occurs during a period that such facility is used by the nonprofit organization; and (C) the business entity authorized the use of such facility by the nonprofit organization. (2) Application.--This subsection shall apply-- (A) with respect to civil liability under Federal and State law; and (B) regardless of whether a nonprofit organization pays for the use of a facility. (c) Exception", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01041", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00471", "text": "The field equations and boundary conditions of Horava-Witten theory, compactified on a smooth compact spin quotient of CH^3, where CH^3 denotes the hyperbolic cousin of CP^3, are studied in the presence of Casimir energy density terms. If the Casimir energy densities near one boundary result in a certain constant of integration taking a value greater than around 10^5 in units of the d = 11 gravitational length, a form of thick pipe geometry is found that realizes TeV-scale gravity by the ADD mechanism, with that boundary becoming the inner surface of the thick pipe, where we live. Three alternative ways in which the outer surface of the thick pipe be stabilized consistent with the observed value of the effective d = 4 cosmological constant are considered. In the first alternative, the outer surface is stabilized in the classical region and the constant of integration is fixed at around 10^{13} in units of the d = 11 gravitational length for consistency with the observed cosmological constant. In the second alternative, the four observed dimensions have reduced in size down to the d = 11 gravitational length at the outer surface, and there are Casimir effects near the outer surface. In the third alternative, the outer surface is stabilized in the classical region by extra fluxes of the three-form gauge field, whose four-form field strength wraps three-cycles of the compact six-manifold times the radial dimension of the thick pipe. Some problems related to fitting the strong/electroweak Standard Model are considered.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00035", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00473", "text": "assessment required by this section. (c) Standard.--In ruling on the validity of the privilege, the court shall make an independent assessment of whether the harm identified by the Government, as required by section 2, is reasonably to occur should the privilege not be upheld. The court shall weigh testimony from Government experts in the same manner as it does, and along with, any other expert testimony. (d) Burden of Proof.--The Government shall have the burden of proof as to the nature of the harm and as to the likelihood of its occurrence. SEC. 7. EFFECT OF COURT DETERMINATION. (a) In General.--If the court determines that the privilege is not validly asserted, the information may be disclosed to a nongovernmental party or admitted at trial, subject to the other rules of evidence. If the court determines that the privilege is validly asserted, that information shall not be disclosed to a nongovernmental party or the public. (b) Nonprivileged Substitute.-- (1) Court consideration of substitute.--If the court finds that the privilege is validly asserted and it is possible to craft a nonprivileged substitute, such as those described in section 3(d), for the privileged information that would provide the parties a substantially equivalent opportunity to litigate the case, the court shall order the Government to produce the substitute to the satisfaction of the court. (2) Refusal to provide.--In a civil action brought against the Government, if the court orders the Government to provide a nonprivileged substitute for information and the Government fails to comply, in addition to any other appropriate sanctions, the court shall find against the Government on the factual or legal issue to which the privileged information is relevant. If the action is not brought against the Government, the court shall weigh the equities and make appropriate orders as provided in subsection (d). (c) Opportunity to Complete Discovery.--The court shall not resolve any issue or claim and shall not grant a motion to dismiss or motion for summary judgment based on the state secrets privilege and adversely to any party against whom the Government's privilege claim has been upheld until that party has had a full opportunity to complete nonprivileged discovery and to litigate the issue or claim to which the privileged information is relevant without regard to that privileged information. (d) Appropriate Orders in the Interest of Justice.--After reviewing all available evidence, and only after determining that privileged information, for which it is impossible to create a nonprivileged substitute,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01030", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00475", "text": "An extensive set of optical and NIR photometry and low-resolution spectra the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2003du was obtained using a number of facilities. The observations started 13 days before B-band maximum light and continued for 480 days with exceptionally good time sampling. The optical photometry was calibrated through the S-correction technique. The UBVRIJHK light curves and the color indices of SN 2003du closely resemble those of normal SNe Ia. SN 2003du reached a B-band maximum of 13.49 (+/-0.02) mag on JD2452766.38 (+/-0.5). We derive a B-band stretch parameter of 0.988 (+/-0.003), which corresponds to dM15=1.02 (+/-0.05), indicative of a SN Ia of standard luminosity. The reddening in the host galaxy was estimated by three methods, and was consistently found to be negligible. We estimate a distance modulus of 32.79 (+/-0.15) mag to the host galaxy, UGC 9391. The peak UVOIR bolometric luminosity of 1.35(+/-0.20) 10^43 erg/s and Arnett's rule implies that M(Ni56)=0.68 (+/-0.14)M_sun of Ni56 was synthesized during the explosion. Modeling of the UVOIR bolometric light curve also indicates M(Ni56) in the range 0.6-0.8 M_sun. The spectral evolution of SN 2003du at both optical and NIR wavelengths also closely resembles normal SNe Ia. In particular, the Si II ratio at maximum R(Si II)=0.22 (+/-0.02) and the time evolution of the blueshift velocities of the absorption line minima are typical. The pre-maximum spectra of SN 2003du showed conspicuous high-velocity features in the Ca II H&K doublet and infrared triplet, and in Si II 6355, lines. We compare the time evolution of the profiles of these lines with other well-observed SNe Ia and we suggest that the peculiar pre-maximum evolution of Si II 6355 line in many SNe Ia is due to the presence of two blended absorption components.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 478, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00026", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00476", "text": "We report our first results of photometric and spectroscopic observations for Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR Tycho) to search for the companion star of a type Ia supernova (SN Ia). From photometric observations using Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope, we have picked up stars brighter than 22 mag (in $V$-band) for spectroscopy, which are located within a circular region with the radius of 30\" around the center of SNR Tycho. If the ejecta of young supernova remnants, such as SNR Tycho, have a sufficient amount of Fe I, we should be able to detect absorption lines at 3720 \\AA and 3860 \\AA associated with transitions from the ground state of Fe I in the spectrum of the companion star. To identify the companion star of a SN Ia using these characteristic absorption lines of Fe I, we made optical low-resolution spectroscopy of their targets using FOCAS on the Subaru Telescope. In our spectroscopic observations, we obtained spectra of 17 stars in the SNR Tycho region and compare them with template stellar spectra. We detect significant absorption lines from two stars at 3720 \\AA. Since widths of their absorption lines are broad, it is that the detected absorptions are due to Fe I in the expanding ejecta of SNR Tycho. However, none of stars exhibits a clear red wing in the observed profiles of the absorption, though a star in the background of the SNR should show it. Hence, we suggest another interpretation that the detected absorption lines be caused by the peculiarity of stars. A star named Tycho(E) has the absorption line at 3720 \\AA and its projected position is close to the center of SNR Tycho. Based on our observations, Tycho(E) is a new candidate as the companion star of Tycho's supernova.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 389, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00276", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00477", "text": "Triple Higgs boson production (3H) may provide essential information to reconstruct the Higgs potential. We consider 3H-production in the International Linear Collider (ILC) both in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and in the general Two-Higgs-doublet Model (2HDM). We compute the total cross-section for the various 3H final states, such as H^+ H^- h^0, H^0 A^0 h^0, etc. and compare with the more traditional double Higgs (2H) boson production processes. While the cross-sections for the 2H final states lie within the same order of magnitude in both the MSSM and 2HDM, we find that for the 3H states the maximum 2HDM cross-sections, being of order 0.1 pb, are much larger than the MSSM ones which in most cases are of order 10^{-6} pb or less. Actually, the 3H processes the dominant mechanism for Higgs boson production in the 2HDM. Ultimately the origin of the remarkable enhancement of the 3H channels in the 2HDM case (for both type I and type II models) originates in the structure of the trilinear Higgs boson couplings. The extremely clean environment of the ILC should allow a relatively comfortable tagging of the three Higgs boson events. In view of the fact that the MSSM contribution is negligible, these events should manifest themselves mainly in the form of 6 heavy-quark jet final states. Some of these signatures spectacular, and in case of being detected would constitute strong evidence of an extended Higgs sector of non-supersymmetric origin.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00383", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00478", "text": ". \"he finally realizes that he's getting back to his old sliding self and just looking forward for redemption at the Olympic Games,\" USA Skeleton coach Brian McDonald said. Daly doesn't even try to avoid what happened in Sochi. He knows it's as big a part of his story as anything else. Daly and Antoine were contending for the bronze medal, and going into the fourth and final heat of the two-day competition Antoine was in third place, Daly in fourth. There are narrow grooves in the ice, and sliders try to keep their runners — the pieces of steel that the sled slides on — in them at the start to try and begin on the straightest path possible. Daly started running as fast as he could, going all-out for the medal. And then his sled popped out of that groove, sending him out of control. All his speed was immediately gone, he knew the medal hopes were over and he endured a cold ride to the bottom on the way to a 15th-place finish. \"I couldn't go out like that,\" Daly said. It's one of the few topics where Daly's voice almost turns somber. On almost any other matter — including his hair, which is coiffed perfectly at all times and made him a celebrity in Sochi — he tends to be hilarious. He's made a series of videos over the years with close friend and U.S. bobsledder Steve Langton, did some Olympic promos last year where he discussed crushes, and even recently appeared on \"Top Chef\" as a celebrity judge. At 32, he knows his third Olympics be the finale. He's pulled off his comeback while working full-time in the medical sales industry for a company in Washington, and done so with their blessing. \"Anyone who knows me knows how much I wanted this,\" Daly said. So he's now off to Pyeongchang, simultaneously relaxed and ready. \"It's about putting it together on that day,\" Daly said. \"I've been there many times. The Olympics is something that really gets to me as far as the nerves. There's an energy you can use there to step up and be a champion — or watch somebody else be one. I've got to go and slide the way that I know I can.\" ___ More AP Olympic coverage: https://wintergames.ap.org", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 478, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00744", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00479", "text": "convert the category input range (A7:H12) to a Table object. It isn't necessary, but formatting and updating will be easier. (Your formats won't match the figure, so don't worry about that.) With the category Table object selected, click the contextual Design tab and check the Total Row option in the Table Style Options group. Select Sum from the dropdown added to B13. Copy that function to C13:H13. Figure I shows the finished category Table input range. By making the range a Table, you can easily add or delete new categories, but each category requires only one row per pay period. You can add a new or delete an existing category, but you won't duplicate a category. 7. Add project input range Now you're ready to add the project input range, which includes the project data validation control I mentioned earlier. Enter days of the week, Sunday through Saturday in B15:H15—leaving a blank row between the two input ranges. To add the projects data validation control, select A16 and do the following: Click the Data tab, click Data Validation in the Data Tools group, and then select the Data Validation option from the dropdown list. In the resulting dialog, choose List from the Allow dropdown. In the Source control, enter =ProjectList (Figure J), the defined name you gave to the project list Table object in step 5. If you like, click the Error Alert tab, and enter a meaningful error message. This step isn't necessary for the sheet to work, but your users will appreciate the information. Click OK. Figure J Create a data validation control that lists the projects. In the last step, you converted the category input range to a Table. Do this again, converting the project input range (A15:H16) to a Table (with headers). Then, enable the Total Row as you did for the category Table. You may or may not need a project row each week. You could have 0 rows or several, depending on the number of projects you worked on that pay period. The current project list has only two projects, so you'd have up to two rows for the given pay period. If you add a new project next week, you have up to three rows in this Table. As you add projects using the data validation list, the Table, shown in Figure K, expands. As before, don't worry about Table formats just yet. Figure K This Table will adjust", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00554", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00480", "text": "We have selected a sample of 88 nearby (z<0.1) galaxy clusters from the SDSS-DR4 with redshift information for the cluster members. We have derived global properties for each cluster, such as their mean recessional velocity, velocity dispersion, and virial radii. Cluster galaxies have been grouped in two families according to their $u-r$ colours. The total sample consists of 10865 galaxies. As expected, the highest fraction of galaxies (62%) turned to be early-type (red) ones, being located at smaller distances from the cluster centre and showing lower velocity dispersions than late-type (blue) ones. The brightest cluster galaxies are located in the innermost regions and show the smallest velocity dispersions. Early-type galaxies also show constant velocity dispersion profiles inside the virial radius and a mild decline in the outermost regions. In contrast, late-type galaxies show always decreasing velocity dispersions profiles. No correlation has been found between the fraction of blue galaxies and cluster global properties, such as cluster velocity dispersion and galaxy concentration. In contrast, we found correlation between the X-ray luminosity and the fraction of blue galaxies. These results indicate that early- and late-type galaxies may have had different evolution. Thus, blue galaxies are located in more anisotropic and radial orbits than early-type ones. Their star formation to be independent of the cluster global properties in low mass clusters, but not for the most massive ones. These observational results suggest that the global environment important for driving the evolution of galaxies in the most massive cluster ($\\sigma > 800$ km s$^{-1}$). However, the local environment could play a key role in galaxy evolution for low mass clusters.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 343, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00041", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00481", "text": "We formally introduce the concept of localizing the Elliott conjecture at a given strongly self-absorbing C*-algebra $D$; we also explain how the known classification theorems for nuclear C*-algebras fit into this concept. As a new result in this direction, we employ recent results of Lin to show that (under a mild K-theoretic condition) the class of separable, unital, simple C*-algebras with locally finite decomposition rank and UCT, and for which projections separate traces, satisfies the Elliott conjecture localized at the Jiang-Su algebra Z. Our main result is formulated in a more general way; this allows us to outline a strategy to remove the trace space condition as well as the K-theory restriction entirely. When regarding both our result and the recent classification theorem of Elliott, Gong and Li as generalizations of the real rank zero case, the two approaches are perpendicular in a certain sense. The strategy to attack the general case aims at combining these two approaches. Our classification theorem covers simple ASH algebras for which projections separate traces (and the K-groups of which have finitely generated torsion part); it does, however, not at all depend on an inductive limit structure. Also, in the monotracial case it does not rely on the existence or absence of projections in any way. In fact, it is the first such result which, in a natural way, covers all known unital, separable, simple, nuclear and stably finite C*-algebras of real rank zero (the K-groups of which have finitely generated torsion part) as well as the (projectionless) Jiang-Su algebra itself.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 345, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00427", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00482", "text": "We report on the transport and magnetic properties of hybrid trilayers and bilayers that consist of low spin-polarized Ni80Fe20 exhibiting in-plane but no uniaxial anisotropy and low-Tc Nb. We reveal a magnetoresistance effect that is pronounced. In our trilayers the magnetoresistance exhibits an increase of two orders of magnitude when the superconducting state is reached: from the conventional normal-state values 0.6 % it goes up to 1000 % for temperatures below Tc. In contrast, in the bilayers the effect is only minor since from 3% in the normal state increases only to 70 % for temperatures below Tc. Magnetization data of both the longitudinal and transverse magnetic components are presented. Most importantly, we present data not only for the normal state of Nb but also in its superconducting state. Strikingly, these data show that below its Tc SC the Nb interlayer under the influence of the outer Ni80Fe20 layers attains a magnetization component transverse to the external field. By comparing the transport and magnetization data we propose a candidate mechanism that could motivate the pronounced magnetoresistance effect observed in the trilayers. Adequate magnetostatic coupling of the outer Ni80Fe20 layers is motivated by stray fields that emerge naturally in their whole surface due to the multidomain magnetic structure that they attain near coercivity. Atomic force microscopy is employed in order to examine the possibility that such magnetostatic coupling promoted by interface roughness. Referring to the bilayers, although out-of-plane rotation of the magnetization of the single Ni80Fe20 layer is still observed, in these structures magnetostatic coupling does not occur due to the absence of a second Ni80Fe20 one so that the observed magnetoresistance peaks are only modest.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00129", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00483", "text": "Sixteen-year-old Murad Rahimov peered down into a gigantic space he had only dreamed about before: the world's largest clean room, kept scrupulously free of any dust or contamination, where NASA assembles and tests spacecraft before launch. Murad's eyes gleamed and a smile played on his face as he took it all in — the scientists encased in sterile white suits; the replica of the massive new space telescope, the most powerful ever built, that will study the first galaxies born after the Big Bang. Murad is obsessed with space. He has been ever since he was three, back in his home country Uzbekistan. His young imagination was sparked when his aunt gave him a picture book about space, and he couldn't stop looking at the images of the solar system. Soon after, he told his parents his dream: He wanted to become an astronaut and work for NASA. On this recent day, he was getting a private tour of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., thanks to an NPR listener who heard about Murad's passion for space in a story that aired earlier this year. In January, NPR profiled the Rahimov family on the day they became naturalized as U.S. citizens. The Rahimovs immigrated to the U.S. from Uzbekistan in 2010, when Murad was nine. When they first landed in Kansas City, Murad spoke no English. Now, heading into his junior year of high school, he's on an accelerated track, taking extra classes in the summer and packing his schedule with AP courses. Listener Aaron Schnittman heard that story on the radio, and his ears perked up when he heard that Murad's goal is to work for NASA. He emailed NPR that same day, that his brother is a research astronomer working for NASA at Goddard. \"it would be a cool follow up to connect the son to my brother and help him make the connections needed to pursue studies in astronomy,\" he wrote. Cool, indeed. The connection was made, emails were exchanged, and last week, at the invitation of Jeremy Schnittman, Murad and his mother, Limara Rahimova, made the trip to Goddard outside Washington, D.C. Schnittman, an astrophysicist who specializes in black holes, spent several hours showing the Rahimovs the inner workings of the space flight center and", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00625", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00484", "text": ".--For the purposes of this section-- (1) the term ``older individual'' means an individual who is 65 years of age or older; and (2) the term ``sexually violent predator'' means a person who-- (A) has been convicted of a sexually violent offense; and (B) has been diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional as having a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses, or has been determined by a court to suffer from such an illness or disorder. SEC. 4. AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL SENTENCING GUIDELINES. (a) Request for Immediate Consideration by the United States Sentencing Commission.--Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this section, the United States Sentencing Commission shall-- (1) promptly review the sentencing guidelines applicable to sexual offenses committed against the elderly; (2) expeditiously consider the promulgation of new sentencing guidelines or amendments to existing sentencing guidelines to provide an enhancement for such offenses; and (3) submit to Congress an explanation of actions taken by the Sentencing Commission pursuant to paragraph (2) and any additional policy recommendations the Sentencing Commission may have for combating offenses described in paragraph (1). (b) Considerations in Review.--In carrying out this section, the Sentencing Commission shall-- (1) ensure that the sentencing guidelines and policy statements reflect the serious nature of such offenses and the need for aggressive and appropriate law enforcement action to prevent such offenses; (2) assure reasonable consistency with other relevant directives and with other guidelines; (3) account for any aggravating or mitigating circumstances that justify exceptions, including circumstances for which the sentencing guidelines currently provide sentencing enhancements; (4) make any necessary conforming changes to the sentencing guidelines; and (5) assure that the guidelines adequately meet the purposes of sentencing as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code. (c) Emergency Authority and Deadline for Commission Action.--The United States Sentencing Commission shall promulgate the guidelines or amendments provided for under this section as soon as practicable, and in any event not later than the 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, in accordance with the procedures set forth in section 21(a) of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1987, as though the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01075", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00485", "text": "We report the detection of a ring of warm dust in the edge-on disk surrounding HD 32297 with the Gemini-N/MICHELLE mid-infrared imager. Our N'-band image shows elongated structure consistent with the orientation of the scattered-light disk. The Fnu(11.2 um) = 49.9+/-2.1 mJy flux is significantly above the 28.2+/-0.6 mJy photosphere. Subtraction of the stellar point spread function reveals a bilobed structure with peaks 0.5\"-0.6\" from the star. An analysis of the stellar component of the SED suggests a spectral type later than A0, in contrast to commonly cited literature values. We fit three-dimensional, single-size grain models of an optically thin dust ring to our image and the SED using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm in a Bayesian framework. The best-fit effective grain sizes are submicron, suggesting the same dust population is responsible for the bulk of the scattered light. The inner boundary of the warm dust is located 0.5\"-0.7\" (~65 AU) from the star, which is approximately cospatial with the outer boundary of the scattered-light asymmetry inward of 0.5\". The addition of a separate component of larger, cooler grains that provide a portion of the 60 um flux improves both the fidelity of the model fit and consistency with the slopes of the scattered-light brightness profiles. Previous indirect estimates of the stellar age (~30 Myr) indicate the dust is composed of debris. The peak vertical optical depths in our models (~0.3-1 x 1e-2) imply that grain-grain collisions play a significant role in dust dynamics and evolution. Submicron grains can survive radiation pressure blow-out if they are icy and porous. Similarly, the inferred warm temperatures (130-200 K) suggest that ice sublimation may play a role in truncating the inner disk.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 405, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00385", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00486", "text": "Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California; restoring these populations is estimated to generate billions of dollars in additional revenue for these States. (6) The United States has signed treaties with Indian tribes in Washington, Oregon, Montana, and Idaho and with the Government of Canada, creating legally enforceable treaty obligations to restore salmon populations to sustainable and harvestable levels. (7) Recent studies indicate that the window of time to protect and restore the salmon and steelhead populations is short, with scientists estimating that several of the remaining Snake River salmon populations extinct in less than 20 years if action is not taken. (8) The Federal Government, the Bonneville Power Administration, and United States ratepayers in the Pacific Northwest have spent more than $10,000,000,000 on salmon recovery efforts in the Columbia and Snake River Basin to date. (9) A federally funded group of State, tribal, Federal, and independent scientists found that removing the 4 lower Snake River dams in Washington is the surest way to protect and recover these salmon and steelhead populations. Similar conclusions have been reached by the Army Corps of Engineers and the Department of Commerce. (10) Significant sediment buildup behind the Lower Granite Dam poses a flood risk to the city of Lewiston, Idaho. A study by the Army Corps of Engineers found that nearly $2,000,000,000 worth of buildings and infrastructure face a growing threat of major damage from levee breaching. The same Corps study estimates that the costs of river-dredging and levee-raising needed to protect this area could cost taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars. (11) A Federal court has found that all 4 lower Snake River dams violate water quality standards under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.). (12) The removal of the 4 lower Snake River dams would open up more than 100 miles of free-flowing river ways to inland Northwest communities and provide needed resources for more effective and efficient freight transportation systems. (13) In the event the 4 lower Snake River dams are removed, their electricity generation, freight shipping, and water supply benefits must be replaced through other means in order to protect affected communities, farms, and the regional energy supply system; the dams' energy benefits should be replaced with cost-effective, clean renewable sources that focus on energy efficiency and conservation. (14) Studies have found that the Northwest has ample additional existing and potential clean renewable energy", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01118", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00487", "text": "(a) Design Requirements.-- (1) In general.--The design of the coins minted under this Act shall be emblematic of the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, which gave Europe's war-ravaged countries the economic strength by which they choose freedom, and George C. Marshall, the author of the plan. (2) Designation and inscriptions.--On each coin minted under this Act there shall be-- (A) a designation of the value of the coin; (B) an inscription of the year ``1997''; and (C) inscriptions of the words ``Liberty'', ``In God We Trust'', ``United States of America'', and ``E Pluribus Unum''. (3) Obverse side.--The obverse side of each coin minted under this Act shall bear the likeness of George C. Marshall. (b) Selection.--The design for the coins minted under this Act shall be-- (1) selected by the Secretary after consultation with the George C. Marshall Foundation, the Friends of George C. Marshall, and the Commission of Fine Arts; and (2) reviewed by the Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee. SEC. 5. ISSUANCE OF COINS. (a) Quality of Coins.--Coins minted under this Act shall be issued in uncirculated and proof qualities. (b) Mint Facility.--Only 1 facility of the United States Mint may be used to strike any particular combination of denomination and quality of the coins minted under this Act. (c) Commencement of Issuance.--The Secretary may issue coins minted under this Act beginning January 1, 1997. (d) Termination of Minting Authority.--No coins may be minted under this Act after December 31, 1997. SEC. 6. SALE OF COINS. (a) Sale Price.--The coins issued under this Act shall be sold by the Secretary at a price equal to the sum of-- (1) the face value of the coins; (2) the surcharge provided in subsection (d) with respect to such coins; and (3) the cost of designing and issuing the coins (including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, overhead expenses, marketing, and shipping). (b) Bulk Sales.--The Secretary shall make bulk sales of the coins issued under this Act at a reasonable discount. (c) Prepaid Orders.--", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00850", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00488", "text": "According to Codecademy, 2017 have been the year of re-education. New research from the online coding resource said more than half of its users this year hold a college degree, using their free time to boost their skill set by learning to code. About 55% of Codecademy's users reported having some kind of college degree, showing that tech professionals are finding ways to expand their resume and stay relevant in a constantly changing field. \"We're hearing increasingly from people learning to code to get a leg up in their current industry and from people who want to move into tech adjacent fields,\" the report said. \"Considering that this is one of the few sectors of the economy that's growing, it makes sense.\" SEE: Hiring kit: Python developer (Tech Pro Research) In a survey of part of the site's 45 million users, about 40% said they were learning coding skills to enter software development or a similar position. Others said coding was empowering and enabled them to work from home, the report said. With multiple reports of a tech skills gap, tech professionals may continue to see online courses, like those at Codecademy, as a way to keep up with new programming languages and refresh pre-existing skills. Online courses may also help those without a degree build the skills employers are looking for. About half of the respondents said they had never taken an university coding course. Of those who had taken an in-person college coding class, 25% made the switch to online courses because they felt they were a safer space to learn a new skill. The report is coming from users who have already begun learning to code online, but the findings may signal a shift to more online courses as a way to boost tech resumes. Around 10% of respondents said they felt happy when learning in a traditional university setting, the report said. Overall, only 5% of respondents said they were anxious in such a setting, but women were 2.5x more to say they were anxious. Online courses may offer women and minorities a chance to learn tech skills without feeling intimidated by typically male-dominated university computer science programs. The report found that, while women may feel more empowered in online courses, men are more to see a pay raise or promotion due to learning how to code. Men are almost 55% more than women to say they made more money due to their new coding skills. Men are 1.5x more than women to", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00557", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00489", "text": "To my shock and mild horror, I became a Sephora VIB Rouge member this year—the highest level in Sephora’s rewards program. I qualified after spending $1,000 in a calendar year. Advertisement Am I proud of this? Unsure! But it happened and there’s nothing I can do about it. Let me now outline my journey to overspending on makeup and skincare products from Sephora in the year 2016. I won’t say this brush changed my life or even shifted it marginally. In retrospect, I’m not completely sure why I bought it in the first place because I rarely put powder all over my face. Still, it’s a good brush and feels very nice and soft on my face. Do not buy this eyeliner. I repeat: DO NOT BUY THIS EYELINER. I remember the release of this product being a whole big thing because I had to be put on a wait list. I returned it. Technically, should I include returns on this list since they don’t count towards my rewards points? Don’t know. Doing it anyway as a public service. If you’ll remember, earlier this year I went through what I thought was a quarter life crisis and bought a ton of skincare products. Eyes creams seem like kind of a racket. If you use a good moisturizer, I’m not convinced you need something specific for that two inches of space on your face. I still haven’t finished this small tube and won’t be re-buying. Another return. This was kind of a dumb purchase because you can buy much, much more shea butter for much, much less. But I liked the tiny tin and it’s a good base for matte lipstick. You could probably just put oatmeal on your face instead of spending $24 on this face mask. I wouldn’t. But someone could. I love a sheet mask. I also don’t like spending money on manicures and pedicures regularly so this is a nice in-between pick me up. Again, this is my attempt at a at-home manicure. Some good hand lotion probably would have done the trick just fine. A strong recommend for those with natural hair. My hair is fine and very dry and this is great because I like weighing it down a bit with a heavier butter moisturizer. This stuff is magic. It’s one of those products where, at $34, it’s definitely more expensive than it should be, but not so exorbit", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00684", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00490", "text": "We measure the obscured star formation in z~1 early-type galaxies. This constrains the influence of star formation on their optical/near-IR colors, which, we found, are redder than predicted by the model by Bruzual & Charlot (2003). From deep ACS imaging we construct a sample of 95 morphologically selected early-type galaxies in the HDF-N and CDF-S with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.85<z<1.15. We measure their 24 micron fluxes from the deep GOODS-MIPS imaging and derive the IR luminosities and star formation rates. The fraction of galaxies with >2 sigma detections (~25 muJy} is 17(-4,+9)%. Of the 15 galaxies with significant detections at least six have an AGN. Stacking the MIPS images of the galaxies without significant detections and adding the detected galaxies without AGN we find an upper limit on the mean star formation rate (SFR) of 5.2+/-3.0 Msol yr^-1, and on the mean specific SFR of 4.6+/-2.2 * 10^-11 yr^-1. Under the assumption that the average SFR will decline at the same rate as the cosmic average, the in situ growth in stellar mass of the early-type galaxy population is less than 14+/-7% between z=1 and the present. We show that the typically low IR luminosity and SFR imply that the effect of obscured star formation (or AGN) on their rest-frame optical/near-IR SEDs is negligible for ~90% of the galaxies in our sample. Hence, their optical/near-IR colors are most dominated by evolved stellar populations. This implies that the colors predicted by the Bruzual & Charlot (2003) model for stellar populations with ages similar to those of z~1 early-type galaxies (~1-3 Gyr) are most too blue, and that stellar masses of evolved, high-redshift galaxies can be overestimated by up to a factor of ~2.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 429, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00172", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00491", "text": "in the age of AI, companies need to invest more in equipping their people to work with machines in new ways,\" Mark Knickrehm, group chief executive of Accenture Strategy, said in a press release. \"Increasingly, businesses will be judged on their commitment to what we call Applied Intelligence - the ability to rapidly implement intelligent technology and human ingenuity across all parts of their core business to secure this growth.\" While many fear that AI will replace low-level jobs, most businesses are optimistic about the impact on their companies, the report found: 63% of senior executives said they think their company will create net job gains in the next three years due to AI, while 62% of workers said they believe AI will have a positive impact on their work. Here are three ways business leaders can shape their future workforce in the age of AI, according to Accenture: 1. Reimagine work by configuring work from the bottom up Some 46% of business leaders agreed that job descriptions are already obsolete, and 29% said they have redesigned jobs extensively. Leaders should assess tasks rather than jobs, and then allocate those tasks to both machines and people. This balance the need to automate work and to elevate your worker's capabilities. 2. Pivot the workforce to areas that unlock new forms of value Leaders should go beyond process efficiencies to prepare their workforce to create new customer experiences, Accenture recommends. This mean finding new growth models by reinvesting savings gained from automation into the future workforce. It also requires a new leadership mindset that values long-term transformation opportunities. 3. Scale up \"new skilling\" Determine your workforce's current skillset, and their willingness to learn how to work with AI. You can then use digital platforms to target different areas of the workforce with personalized learning opportunities. \"Business leaders must take immediate steps to pivot their workforce to enter an entirely new world where human ingenuity meets intelligent technology to unlock new forms of growth,\" Ellyn Shook, chief leadership and human resources officer at Accenture, said in the release. \"Workers are impatient to collaborate with AI, giving leaders the opportunity to demonstrate true Applied Intelligence within their organization.\" Keep up to date on all of the newest tech trends. Click here to subscribe to the TechRepublic Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 466, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00560", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00492", "text": "We study $B \\to K^* \\rho$ modes that are analogues of the much studied $B\\to K \\pi$ modes with B decaying to two vector mesons instead of pseudoscalar mesons, using topological amplitudes in the quark diagram approach. We show how $B \\to K^*\\rho$ modes can be used to obtain many more observables than those for $B \\to K \\pi$ modes, even though the quark level subprocesses of both modes are exactly the same. All the theoretical parameters (except for the weak phase $\\gamma$), such as the magnitudes of the topological amplitudes and their strong phases, can be determined in terms of the observables without any model-dependent assumption. We demonstrate how $B\\to K^*\\rho$ can also be used to verify if there exist any relations between theoretical parameters, such as the hierarchy relations between the topological amplitudes and possible relations between the strong phases. Conversely, if there exist reliable theoretical estimates of amplitudes and strong phases, the presence of New physics probed. We show that if the tree and color-supressed tree are related to the electroweak penguins and color-supressed electroweak penguins, it is not only possible to verify the validity of such relations but also to have a clean measurement of New Physics parameters. We also present a numerical study to examine which of the observables are more sensitive to New Physics.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 304, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00232", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00493", "text": "We study the expansion of the nearby Universe using a sample of Type Ia supernovae at redshifts below 0.08. These supernovae allow peculiar velocities to be measured at unprecedented precision. We have investigated in detail the possibility of a varying Hubble constant with redshift and found no evidence of a monopole term for the nearby Universe. A large scale streaming motion is found at an amplitude of about $340^{63}_{-71}$ km/sec, aligned in the direction of $(l_0, b_0) = (312^{\\rm o}.0^{13.5}_{-7.4}, 25^{\\rm o}.7^{8.0}_{-9.2})$, which is close to the direction of the center of Shapley supercluster of galaxies. The large scale streaming motion is best fit by a function involving a strong bipolar term. The streaming velocity field extends from the lowest redshift ($\\sim 0.007$) to beyond 0.025 and out to even higher redshifts. The velocity field at redshift below 0.01 can be equally well described by a dipole field or by the same bipolar streaming velocity field that reaches out to beyond $z \\sim 0.025$. We are also able to deduce a robust estimate of the random velocity component of the peculiar velocity field. Within the volume of redshift below 0.01 (weighted average redshift of $\\sim$ 0.067), this thermal component is found to be about 270 km/sec. After correcting this smooth streaming motion, we are able to significantly improve the Hubble expansion fits of these supernovae. The CMAGIC method gives a dramatic decrease of $\\chi^2$ from 90 to 63 for 69 degrees of freedom, and yields a residual scatter of only 0.12 magnitude; the maximum light method gives also a moderate improvement.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 393, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00108", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00494", "text": "We report the discovery of two new circumstellar ring nebulae in the western Carina Nebula. The brighter object, SBW1, resembles a lidless staring eye and encircles a B1.5 Iab supergiant. Its size is identical to the inner ring around SN1987A, but SBW1's low N abundance indicates that the star didn't pass through a RSG phase. The fainter object, SBW2, is a more distorted ring, is N-rich, and has a central star that to be invisible. We discuss these two new nebulae in context with rings around SN1987A, Sher25, HD168625, RY Scuti, WeBo1, SuWt2, and others. The ring bearers fall into two groups: Five rings surround hot supergiants, and all except for the one known binary are carbon copies of the ring around SN1987A. We propose a link between these rings and B[e] supergiants, where the rings derive from the same material in an earlier B[e] phase. The remaining four rings surround evolved intermediate-mass stars; all members of this ring fellowship are close binaries, hinting that binary interactions govern the forging of such rings. We estimate that there may be several thousand more dark rings in the Galaxy, but we are scarcely aware of their existence due to selection effects. The lower-mass objects be the equatorial density enhancements often invoked to bind the waists of bipolar PNe.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 307, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00167", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00495", "text": "``-(-i-v-) (v) In any month during which the arithmetic average of the closing prices for the earliest delivery month on the New York Mercantile Exchange for natural gas exceeds $3.50 per million British thermal units, any production of natural gas subject to relief from the requirement to pay royalties under clause (i) of this subparagraph shall be subject to royalties at the lease stipulated rate, and the lessee's gross proceeds from such natural gas production, less Federal royalties, during such month shall be counted toward the recovery of capital costs under clause (i) of this subparagraph. ``-(-v-) (vi) The prices referred to in -c-l-a-u-s-e-s -(-i-i-i-) -a-n-d -(-i-v-) clauses (iv) and (v) of this subparagraph shall be changed during any calendar year after -1-9-9-3 1994 by the percentage if any by which the consumer price index changed during the preceding calendar year, as defined in section (1)(f)(4) of title 26 of the United States Code.''. Sec. 3. Regulations.--The Secretary shall promulgate such rules and regulations as are necessary to implement the provisions of this Act within one hundred and eighty days after the date of enactment of this Act. Sec. 4. Area-Wide Leasing.--The Secretary shall not implement the system of tract nomination for oil and gas leasing in the Central and Western Planning Areas of the Gulf of Mexico under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, and shall use the existing area-wide system of leasing in such areas. Sec. 5. Report to Congress.--(a) The Secretary shall review Federal regulations and policies within the Secretary's jurisdiction which create barriers and disincentives that unnecessarily preclude new production, or result in premature abandonment or suspension of existing production of oil and gas on Federal lands, including the Outer Continental Shelf. Such review, conducted with the participation of all interested parties, shall assess how Federal policies modified to reduce compliance costs and improve the cash flow of oil and gas operations on Federal lands. The review shall include administrative compliance, royalty collection, timing of operational and production management requirements, such as permanent plugging and abandonment of wells, and any other requirements which unduly burden natural gas and oil exploration, production and transportation on Federal lands. (b) The Secretary shall evaluate the impact, if any, of current royalty rates for oil and gas on", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00931", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00496", "text": "and the proceedings on any appeal of an action of the tribunal, shall be accessible to the public consistent with any demonstrable necessity to secure the safety of observers, witnesses, tribunal judges, counsel, or other persons. (d) Confidentiality of Evidence.--Evidence available from an agency of the Federal Government that is offered in a trial by a tribunal established under section 3 may be kept secret from the public only when the head of the agency personally certifies in writing that disclosure will cause-- (1) identifiable harm to the prosecution of military objectives or interfere with the capture of members of al Qaeda anywhere; (2) significant, identifiable harm to intelligence sources or methods; or (3) substantial risk that such evidence used for planning future terrorist attacks. (e) Review.-- (1) Procedures required.--The Secretary of Defense shall provide for prompt review of convictions by tribunals established under section 3 to ensure that the procedural requirements of a full and fair hearing have been met and that the evidence reasonably supports the convictions. (2) United states court of appeals for the armed forces.-- The procedures established under paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum, allow for review of the proceedings of the tribunals, and the convictions and sentences of such tribunals, by the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces established under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. (3) Supreme court.--The decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces regarding proceedings of tribunals established under section 3 shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court by writ of certiorari. SEC. 5. DETENTION. (a) In General.--The President may direct the Secretary of Defense to detain any person who is subject to a tribunal established under section 3 pursuant to rules and regulations that are promulgated by the Secretary and are consistent with international law of armed conflict. (b) Duration of Detention.-- (1) Limitation.--A person may be detained under subsection (a) only while-- (A) there is in effect for the purposes of this section a certification by the President that the United States Armed Forces are engaged in a state of armed conflict with al Qaeda or Taliban forces in the region of Afghanistan or with al Qaeda forces elsewhere; or (B) an investigation with a view toward prosecution, a prosecution, or a post-trial proceeding in the case of such person, pursuant to the provisions of this Act, is ongoing. (", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00863", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00497", "text": ", but the melt taking off that excess water from snowpack slowly could help alleviate flooding in the spring, according to the NWS. Less snow could mean less moisture that could flow over the plains. \"Anything helps,\" Speicher said. \"It definitely helps that we are going back below freezing at night because that slows the flow rate down.\" Devils Lake Basin In the Devils Lake Basin, they could see above-freezing temperatures Wednesday and into the weekend, with some days going above 40 degrees. A slow melt can't hurt the Devils Lake Basin, said Jeff Frith, manager of the Devils lake Basin Joint Water Resource Board. The region surrounding the 150,000-acre lake will see major flooding due to heavy snow and saturated soil from a wet summer and fall. NWS meteorologists predict a 2-foot to 4-foot rise with record runoff and elevations. There still is a lot of winter left and potential for more snow, though Devils Lake has been lucky since snowfall has been relatively low for moisture accumulation in January and into mid-February, he said. \"A long, slow melt would be just what the doctor ordered, but we have way too much winter left to start getting really excited about spring,\" Frith said. NWS meteorologists were assessing snowpack and other factors that will play a role in predicting flood outlooks. The agency's second spring flood outlook is due Thursday, though Frith doesn't expect much to change since the last one was released almost three weeks ago. The Midwest will see more precipitation than normal in February, and that trend should continue into April, according to NWS. There is no precipitation forecast for this week, though there is a 50 percent chance of next week being wetter than normal. Overall, February for almost all of the U.S. should be warmer than normal. Colder-than-normal temperatures could return by the end of February and into early March, NWS meteorologists predict.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 394, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00603", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00498", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Salmon Solutions and Planning Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. (a) Findings.--Congress finds and declares the following: (1) Thirteen salmon and steelhead species in the Columbia and Snake River Basin are listed for protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) as a consequence of various factors, including the construction and operation of hydroelectric projects, harvest management practices, habitat degradation, altered in-stream flow regimes, and unsound hatchery practices. (2) The original range of Snake River salmon included not only their existing habitat, but also habitat in the upper Columbia River and the upper Snake River Basins, including southern Idaho, southeast Oregon, and northern Nevada. (3) Since the construction of 4 Federal dams on the lower Snake River in Washington, all salmon and steelhead populations in the Snake River are either already extinct or listed as an endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. (4) Without action, climate change and rising water temperatures will continue to have detrimental effects on many North American coldwater fish species, including salmon and steelhead populations. Due to their high-elevation spawning grounds, Snake River salmon are key to maintaining and rebuilding those salmon populations threatened by rising water temperatures throughout the Columbia River Basin. (5) Salmon and steelhead populations have major economic, ecological, educational, recreational, scientific, cultural, and spiritual significance to the Nation and its people. Even at their current depressed population levels, these salmon and steelhead populations generate hundreds of millions of dollars in direct and indirect benefits for communities in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California; restoring these populations is estimated to generate billions of dollars in additional revenue for these States. (6) The United States has signed treaties with Indian tribes in Washington, Oregon, Montana, and Idaho and with the Government of Canada, creating legally enforceable treaty obligations to restore salmon populations to sustainable and harvestable levels. (7) Recent studies indicate that the window of time to protect and restore the salmon and steelhead populations is short, with scientists estimating that several of the remaining Snake River salmon populations extinct in less than 20 years if action is not taken. (8) The Federal Government, the Bonneville Power Administration, and United States ratepayers in the Pacific Northwest have spent more than", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01117", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00499", "text": "Why? Because there isn't much in the way of bad to be found. In fact, I have to trick myself into thinking \"photos are more important than I originally thought!\" before I can really come up with something negative of note to say about the PH-1. It has been well documented that the Essential Phone's camera is lackluster. The software is a bit slow, and the low-light photos are far from great. The selfie camera also suffers from the software issues that hinder the main camera. However, after four updates (that's right, four updates since I received the device, more on that in a bit), I've watched the camera app improve exponentially. It's still not nearly as good as the Pixel 2 camera app for instance, but it's passible. For anyone that doesn't consider photos to be a priority, the camera app will suffice. The only other nit to pick is that the gorgeous case is the biggest fingerprint magnet I've ever seen. I'm constantly wiping the back down. Had this phone not been nearly as beautiful as it is, the fingerprints wouldn't concern me. But the PH-1 is one of the most elegant smartphones I have ever held in my hand, so my propensity is to keep it clean. Essential should be cleaning up in awards for hardware design—of that there is no doubt. Finally, there is no headphone jack. That's okay for two reasons: Bluetooth headphones have come a very long way, and Essential included the necessary dongle so users won't have to toss their standard headphones or other devices that make use of that common interface. And that's it for the bad. The good There is almost too much to say here, so I'm going to boil it down to a few \"essential\" items. First and foremost: the design. As I said, it's gorgeous. But even the titanium sides and ceramic back take a seat to the display. No it's not the most cutting edge (Essential went with an LCD display, instead of the more popular, flagship level, OLED option), but the edge to edge is absolutely beautiful. Essential essentially proved that a bezel-less device is very much possible and their home screen launcher makes perfect use of the screen real estate (Figure A). Figure A The one downfall is that not every app found in the Google Play Store makes use of that full screen. To Essential's credit, so far I've only found one app that didn't—", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00547", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00500", "text": "When a sample frequency table is published, disclosure risk arises when some individuals can be identified on the basis of their values in certain attributes in the table called key variables, and then their values in other attributes may be inferred, and their privacy is violated. On the basis of the sample to be released, and some partial knowledge of the whole population, an agency which considers releasing the sample, has to estimate the disclosure risk. Risk arises from non-empty sample cells which represent small population cells and from population uniques in particular. Therefore risk estimation requires assessing how many of the relevant population cells are to be small. Various methods have been proposed for this task, and we present a method in which estimation of a population cell frequency is based on smoothing using a local neighborhood of this cell, that is, cells having similar or close values in all attributes. We provide some preliminary results and experiments with this method. Comparisons are made to two other methods: 1. a log-linear models approach in which inference on a given cell is based on a ``neighborhood'' of cells determined by the log-linear model. Such neighborhoods have one or some common attributes with the cell in question, but some other attributes may differ significantly. 2 The Argus method in which inference on a given cell is based only on the sample frequency in the specific cell, on the sample design and on some known marginal distributions of the population, without learning from any type of ``neighborhood'' of the given cell, nor from any model which uses the structure of the table.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00443", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00501", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Safe Communities and Safe Schools Mercury Reduction Act of 2004''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds the following: (1) Mercury is a naturally occurring element and bioaccumulative toxin that is easily absorbed through skin and respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues. (2) Although mercury is naturally occurring, studies have shown that its concentration has increased dramatically over the past 150 to 200 years due to mining and industrial activities. (3) Common sources of mercury released into the environment include breakage of mercury-containing products like fluorescent bulbs and thermometers, the manufacturing of mercury-containing products, and incineration of mercury- containing products. (4) According to recent studies, mercury deposits are a significant public health threat in many States throughout the United States. (5) Fetuses, infants, and young children are at the greatest risk from chronic low level mercury exposure. (6) A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that approximately 8 percent of women of childbearing age in the United States had mercury levels exceeding the level considered safe by the Environmental Protection Agency for protecting the fetus. This translates into approximately 60,000 babies born each year in the United States at risk of developmental harm due to mercury exposure in the womb. (7) A study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that elevated mercury exposures associated with seafood linked to an increased risk of infertility in both men and women. (8) Mercury pollution is widespread. As of early 2003, 43 States had issued mercury fish consumption advisories for one or more freshwater or marine fish. (9) Mercury is the most common pollutant triggering fish consumption advisories in the United States. The number of mercury advisories has increased 138 percent from 1994 to 2002. In 2002, mercury advisories covered 12,000,000 lake acres and 470,000 river miles. (10) According to the Mercury Study Report, prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency and submitted to Congress in 1997, mercury fever thermometers contribute approximately 17 tons of mercury to solid waste each year. (11) Numerous mercury spills have been documented in schools, often causing thousands of dollars to clean up. A mercury spill in Washington, D.C., in September of 2003 cost over $1,000,000 to clean up and resulted in a temporary school", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00845", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00502", "text": "Building a slide deck, pitch, or presentation? Here are the big takeaways: A new stripped-down Windows 10 build called \"Lean\" was discovered in the latest Insider preview of Windows 10. It lacks many Windows 10 features and has a 2GB smaller installation size. Microsoft hasn't said what Lean's purpose is, but it be for lower-end machines or those that need to be locked down from user tampering. Microsoft's latest Windows Insider skip ahead build contains a new version of Windows 10 called Windows 10 Lean, which cuts the installation size by 2 GB. Discovered by Twitter user Lucan, Windows 10 Lean cuts out several Windows 10 features: desktop wallpaper is disabled by default, the Microsoft Management Console and registry editor are missing, drivers for CD and DVD drives can't be installed, Microsoft Edge doesn't allow downloads, and Microsoft Office is missing as well. At first glance it may seem that Windows 10 Lean is an alternative to Windows 10 S (which only allows app installation from the Windows Store), but Lucan quickly dismissed that by saying that those restrictions don't apply, as he was able to run applications normally locked to Windows 10 S users. What is Windows 10 Lean's purpose? The Twitter discussion growing up around Lucan's discovery of Windows 10 Lean is devoid of one important thing: an explanation as to its purpose. Mary Jo Foley from TechRepublic sister site ZDNet speculated that it was a version of Windows 10 S for home or enterprise, but Lucan said he doesn't think that's the case. Windows 10 S, he said, is more like a set of restrictions on top of a standard Windows 10 install, which Lean definitely isn't. Another Twitter commenter said it may be ideal for educational use, as schools often have older computers that need a smaller install. Add to that the heavy restrictions on what a user can do in Windows 10 Lean (no downloading, no Regedit, etc.) and you have a relatively resilient OS that has lower-end hardware requirements. SEE: Securing Windows policy (Tech Pro Research) WIndows 10 Lean could make a great OS for any systems that see a lot of user contact: Loaner machines, kiosks, sales floor demos, and other specific roles would be a great fit for Lean. Anyone who has ever managed computers that see a lot of public contact knows they have to be locked down, and Windows", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00544", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00503", "text": "he cited anonymous sources to identify the leader of a local cartel as the mastermind. But this turned deadly. \"Our comments sections [on the blog] are open, so it has become routine for us to receive threats there,\" says Morgan. Rodriguez's final column had five comments on it. Four were threats. Among expletives, one comment ominously reads, \"You're lighting the candles for your own funeral, Max.\" Three days later, Rodriguez was dead. His bullet-riddled car was the exact kind of crime scene he would have run to cover, camera phone in hand. On Sunday night, the state attorney general's office said that ballistics tests showed that the firearm used against Rodriguez was the same one used in the killing of the police officer that Rodriguez had covered a week earlier. The investigation points toward Rodriguez being targeted for his work. Since President Enrique Peña Nieto was elected in 2012, 31 journalists have been murdered in Mexico. Dozens more have been threatened or attacked. Reporters under threat have become hardened to this reality. \"When I hear of another murder, I just think 'who's next?' \" says Noe Zavaleta, a reporter in Veracruz state. \"It sounds crude to say, but it's the way I have to think about it now.\" Zavaleta knows the danger of reporting well, as 20 journalists have been murdered in his home state since 2010. He began writing for the investigative magazine Proceso after his predecessor, Regina Martinez, was strangled to death in her home. One of his best friends and colleagues, photojournalist Ruben Espinoza, was murdered in Mexico City after seeking refuge there. But Zavaleta is back in Veracruz after briefly fleeing to Mexico City for his safety. \"Things haven't changed — if anything, it's gotten worse,\" he says. \"But this is what I know how to do, and I refuse to leave because of intimidation. it's pride or my ego, but I won't leave.\" The Mexican government recently has beefed up protection measures for journalists, as well as a specialized unit that investigates these types of crimes. But journalists don't just need protection from organized crime. \"[These protections] feel imaginary, because I have filed complaints about threats I have received from government authorities and their cronies,\" says Zavaleta. \"I don't expect them to go anywhere, but I file them anyway so that", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00622", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00504", "text": "an issue brought into the national spotlight by Black Lives Matter activists after the shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014. But the message was quickly overtaken by fans offended by the players' decision to kneel during the anthem. \"That was the main thing with the protests, to bring awareness so people know what's going on,\" said Jaguars cornerback Jalen Ramsey. \"That's the first step to trying to fix the situation.\" NFL players who have protested this season have been in the minority, and protests waned as the season went on. Some players are focusing on ways of addressing injustice off the field. \"If it affects that many people by taking a knee, just stand up, it's that simple,\" said Pittsburgh Steelers center Maurkice Pouncey. \"Taking a knee during the anthem, in my opinion, changes nothing. Giving back to the community, being around the kids and people in poverty, I respect that.\" For many players, the issue is not one of patriotism, but is personal. \"At the end of the day, we're not trying to disrespect nobody,\" said Jaguars cornerback A.J. Bouye. \"No matter what happens, I feel like somebody is not going to be happy, but we have a lot of respect for our country and respect for the game.\" Bouye was among the players who recounted firsthand experience with racial profiling. \"My dad, when I was growing up... gun to his head and everything,\" Bouye said. \"That's why it hits close to me. We know that there are issues going on, and some people don't want to bring awareness to them, but we'll find a way.\" Tampa Bay Buccaneers defensive tackle Gerald McCoy said he, his father and his wife have all been victims of racial profiling — even after he became a successful athlete. \"It happened to my wife in the past couple of years,\" said McCoy, who was drafted in 2010. \"She got pulled over. She was driving a Bentley. Nice neighborhood, and they pulled her over. All her stuff was right and they just didn't have any reason. It just wasn't right.\" Black athletes have been finding a way to fight for social change for more than 100 years, from Jack Johnson, to Muhammad Ali to Kaepernick. Their fights have come at great personal expense, from alienation by fellow Americans to incarceration to the loss of their careers. NFL players faced backlash of their own in", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00731", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00505", "text": "6) supporting education, including through community and faith-based organizations and youth programs, that helps remove gender stereotypes and the bias against girls used to justify child marriage, especially efforts targeted at men and boys, promotes zero tolerance for violence, and promotes gender equality, which in turn help to increase the perceived value of girls; (7) creating peer support and female mentoring networks and safe social spaces specifically for girls; and (8) supporting local advocacy work to provide legal literacy programs at the community level and ensure that governments and law enforcement officials are meeting their obligations to prevent child and forced marriage. SEC. 5. STRATEGY TO PREVENT CHILD MARRIAGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. (a) Strategy Required.--The President, acting through the Secretary of State, shall establish a multi-year strategy to prevent child marriage in developing countries and promote the empowerment of girls at risk of child marriage in developing countries, including by addressing the unique needs, vulnerabilities, and potential of girls under 18 in developing countries. (b) Consultation.--In establishing the strategy required by subsection (a), the President shall consult with Congress, relevant Federal departments and agencies, multilateral organizations, and representatives of civil society. (c) Elements.--The strategy required by subsection (a) shall-- (1) focus on areas in developing countries with high prevalence of child marriage; and (2) encompass diplomatic initiatives between the United States and governments of developing countries, with attention to human rights, legal reforms and the rule of law, and programmatic initiatives in the areas of education, health, income generation, changing social norms, human rights, and democracy building. (d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to Congress a report that includes-- (1) the strategy required by subsection (a); (2) an assessment, including data disaggregated by age and gender to the extent possible, of current United States-funded efforts to specifically assist girls in developing countries; and (3) examples of best practices or programs to prevent child marriage in developing countries that replicated. SEC. 6. RESEARCH AND DATA COLLECTION. The Secretary of State shall work through the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and any other relevant agencies of the Department of State, and in conjunction with relevant executive branch agencies as part of their ongoing research and data collection activities, to-- (1) collect and make available data on the incidence of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01142", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00507", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS. (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Routine HIV Screening Coverage Act of 2012''. (b) Findings.--Congress finds the following: (1) HIV/AIDS continues to infect and kill thousands of Americans, more than 30 years after the first cases were reported. (2) It has been estimated that approximately 1.7 million Americans have been infected with HIV since the beginning of the epidemic and over 600,000 of them have died. (3) The HIV/AIDS epidemic has disproportionately impacted African-Americans, Latino-Americans, and other racial and ethnic minorities. (4) It has been estimated that 20 percent of those infected with HIV in the United States do not know they are infected. (5) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has determined that increasing the proportion of people who know their HIV status is an essential component of comprehensive HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention efforts and that early diagnosis is critical in order for people with HIV/AIDS to receive life-extending therapy. (6) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine HIV screening in health care settings for all patients aged 13-64, regardless of risk. (7) Some health plans do not cover routine HIV screening, but only cover HIV tests for patients with known or perceived risk factors for HIV/AIDS and patients who demonstrate symptoms of AIDS. (8) Not all individuals who have been infected with HIV fall into high-risk categories or demonstrate symptoms of AIDS. (9) If health plans covered routine HIV screenings, health providers would be more to recommend routine HIV screening for their patients. (10) Section 2713 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-13), as amended by section 1001 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111-148), requires that health plans cover preventive health services without imposing cost sharing requirements. (11) Routine HIV screening is a preventive health service. (12) Requiring health plans to cover routine HIV screening as a preventive health service without imposing cost sharing requirements could play a critical role in preventing the spread of HIV and allowing infected individuals to receive effective treatment. SEC. 2. COVERAGE FOR ROUTINE HIV SCREENING UNDER GROUP HEALTH PLANS, HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE, AND FEHBP. (a) Group Health Plans.-- (1) Public health service act amendments.--Subpart II of part A of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01033", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00508", "text": "that a proposed action is to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species, including the proposal of any reasonable and prudent alternatives by the Secretary under section 7(b)(3). ``(B) Qualified individual.--The term `qualified individual' means an individual-- ``(i) who through publication of peer- reviewed scientific literature or other means, has demonstrated scientific expertise on the species or a similar species or other scientific expertise relevant to the covered action; ``(ii) who does not have, or represent any person with, a conflict of interest with respect to the covered action that is the subject of the review; and ``(iii) who has not advocated a position, and is not employed by a person who has advocated a position, with respect to the outcome of the covered action that is the subject of the review, or of any previous covered action with respect to the affected species. ``(C) Conflict of interest.--The term `conflict of interest'-- ``(i) shall have such meaning as is established by regulations as shall be issued by the Secretary; and ``(ii) shall include, in accordance with such regulations, direct financial interests in the outcome of the action that will be the subject of the review, including consulting arrangements, grants, honoraria, or employment. ``(2) Recommendation of independent reviewers.--The Secretary shall solicit recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences and the governors of affected States of qualified individuals to serve as independent reviewers for a covered action. ``(3) Appointment of independent scientific reviewers.--(A) Before making the final decision on any covered action, the Secretary shall appoint, from among the individuals recommended under paragraph (2), 3 qualified individuals who shall review and report to the Secretary on the scientific information and analyses on which the covered action is based. ``(B) The selection and activities of the independent reviewers appointed pursuant to this paragraph shall not be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.). ``(C) If funds are available, the Secretary shall provide compensation to an individual for service as an independent reviewer under this paragraph, at a rate not to exceed the daily equivalent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay for GS-14 of the General Schedule for each day (including travel time) during which the individual is engaged in the actual performance of duties as an independent reviewer. ``(4) Information for review.--The Secretary shall transmit to the independent reviewers all available scientific and commercial data identified in the administrative record for the action at the time of the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00867", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00509", "text": "We present a detailed analysis of 101 white dwarf-main sequence binaries (WDMS) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) for which multiple SDSS spectra are available. We detect significant radial velocity variations in 18 WDMS, identifying them as post common envelope binaries (PCEBs) or strong PCEB candidates. Strict upper limits to the orbital periods are calculated, ranging from 0.43 to 7880 d. Given the sparse temporal sampling and relatively low spectral resolution of the SDSS spectra, our results imply a PCEB fraction of >=15% among the WDMS in the SDSS data base. Using a spectral decomposition/fitting technique we determined the white dwarf effective temperatures and surface gravities, masses, and secondary star spectral types for all WDMS in our sample. Two independent distance estimates are obtained from the flux scaling factors between the WDMS spectra, and the white dwarf models and main sequence star templates, respectively. Approximately one third of the systems in our sample show a significant discrepancy between the two distance estimates. In the majority of discrepant cases, the distance estimate based on the secondary star is too large. A possible explanation for this behaviour is that the secondary star spectral types that we determined from the SDSS spectra are systematically too early by 1-2 spectral classes. This behaviour explained by stellar activity, if covering a significant fraction of the star by cool dark spots will raise the temperature of the inter-spot regions. Finally, we discuss the selection effects of the WDMS sample provided by the SDSS project.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00403", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00510", "text": "We present single pointing observations of SiO, HCO$^+$ and H$^{13}$CO$^+$ from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope towards 23 massive star forming regions previously known to contain molecular outflows and ultracompact HII regions. We detected SiO towards 14 sources and suggest that the non-detections in the other nine sources due to those outflows being older and without ongoing shocks to replenish the SiO. We serendipitously detected SO$_2$ towards 17 sources in the same tuning as HCO$^+$. We detected HCO$^+$ towards all sources, and suggest that it is tracing infall in nine cases. For seven infall candidates, we estimate mass infall rates between 1$\\times10^{-2}$ and 2$\\times10^{-5}$ M$_{\\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. Seven sources show both SiO detections (young outflows) and HCO$^+$ infall signatures. We also find that the abundance of H$^{13}$CO$^+$ tends to increase along with the abundance of SiO in sources for which we could determine abundances. We discuss these results with respect to current theories of massive star formation via accretion. From this survey, we suggest that both models of ionized accretion and halted accretion may be important in describing the evolution of a massive protostar (or protostars) beyond the formation of an HII region.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 306, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00027", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00511", "text": "LAS VEGAS (AP) — The real fun will come before the fight, and what a spectacle it should be. Put Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Conor McGregor on a stage together to promote their fight and anything can happen. Put them together in a ring, though, and it's an absolute mismatch. That's the first thing to consider when all the talk begins about what a devastating puncher McGregor is. The first thing to think about when it's suggested that Mayweather may have lost some of his skills after two years of traveling the world in his private jet. If you thought you were snookered out of $100 when Mayweather fought a snoozer against Manny Pacquiao, you keep a firm hand on your wallet. The greatest defensive fighter of his time against a guy who has never thrown a punch in a pro boxing match? Let the yawning begin. This 12 rounds of tedium on Aug. 26 in Las Vegas that makes Mayweather-Pacquiao look like Hagler-Hearns in comparison. It be some kind of bizarre disqualification when McGregor finds out Mayweather doesn't stick his chin out to be hit the way some UFC fighters do or really does try to kick Mayweather when he's down. What it won't be is any kind of legitimate fight, no matter how much rabid UFC fans want desperately to believe it will be. That's no knock on McGregor, who is a ferocious puncher in the octagon with a personality to match his power. Indeed, he would be heavily favored over Mayweather had the two decided to do the fight under UFC rules. One of the great trash talkers, too, who was just warming up on Wednesday when he told UFC chief Dana White what his intentions are. \"Conor told me this morning the McGregor clan has been taking over villages for 300 years,\" White said, \"and that Floyd's village is next.\" Good stuff, and there's lots more to come. McGregor can turn a phrase as well as he can throw a punch or a water bottle at an opponent. If this was a reality show it would be a hit in the ratings. Just imagine the scene when McGregor rolls into Mayweather's new strip club in Las Vegas and mimics his propensity for throwing cash around. But this is a boxing match, and Mayweather is a masterful boxer. He was throwing punches before he could walk, and if he had elected to stay in retirement he'd still be considered", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00759", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00512", "text": "OFFICERS. ``The State Administrator shall establish a Problem Resolution Office. Problem Resolution Officers shall have the authority to investigate taxpayer complaints and enjoin collection activity if, in the opinion of the Problem Resolution Officer, said collection activity is reasonably to not be in compliance with law. Said administrative injunction may only be reversed by the highest official in the relevant State or Federal taxing authority or by its General Counsel upon a finding that the collection activity is justified by clear and convincing evidence. The authority to reverse this administrative injunction may not be delegated. Problem Resolution Officers shall not be disciplined or adversely affected for the issuance of administrative injunctions unless a pattern or issuing injunctions that are manifestly unreasonable is proven in an administrative hearing. Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of the State Administrators or the taxpayer to pursue any legal remedy in any court with jurisdiction over the dispute at issue. ``SEC. 53. JURISDICTION AND INTERSTATE ALLOCATION. ``(a) Allocation Rules.--For purposes of allocating revenue between or among administering states from taxes imposed by this subtitle, the revenue shall be allocated to those states that are the destination of the taxable property or services. The destination of the purchase of taxable property and services shall be determined in accordance with this section. ``(b) Federal Office of Revenue Allocation.--The Secretary shall establish an Office of Revenue Allocation to arbitrate any claims or disputes among administering states as to the destination of taxable property and services for purposes of allocating revenue between or among the states from taxes imposed by this subtitle. The determination of the Administrator of the Office of Revenue Allocation shall be subject to judicial review in any federal court with competent jurisdiction provided, however, that the standard of review shall be abuse of discretion. ``(c) Tangible Personal Property.--The destination of tangible personal property shall be the state or territory in which the property was first delivered to the purchaser. Tangible personal property shipped by means of the mail or common carrier shall be deemed delivered to the location of the purchaser for purposes of this subsection upon shipment by mail or common carrier. ``(d) Real Property.--The destination of real property or rents or leaseholds on real property shall be state or territory in which the real property is located. ``(e) Other Property.--The destination of other property shall be residence of the purchaser. ``(f) Services.-- ``(1) General rule.--The destination of services shall be state or territory in which the use, consumption or enjoyment of the services occurred. Allocation of service invoices", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00937", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00513", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Land Invasive Species Control, Prevention, and Management Act''. SEC. 2. PURPOSE. The purpose of this Act is to ensure the effective management of Federal land, including National Monuments and National Heritage Areas, to protect from invasive species important natural resources, including-- (1) soil; (2) vegetation; (3) archeological sites; (4) water resources; and (5) rare or unique habitats. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Control.--The term ``control'', with respect to an invasive species, means the eradication, suppression, or reduction of the population of the invasive species within the area in which the invasive species is present. (2) Ecosystem.--The term ``ecosystem'' means the complex of a community of organisms and the environment of the organisms. (3) Eligible state.--The term ``eligible State'' means any of-- (A) a State; (B) the District of Columbia; (C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (D) American Samoa; (E) Guam; and (F) the United States Virgin Islands. (4) Invasive species.-- (A) In general.--The term ``invasive species'' means an alien species, the introduction of which causes, or is to cause, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. (B) Associated definition.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ``alien species'', with respect to a particular ecosystem, means any species (including the seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material of the species that are capable of propagating the species) that is not native to the affected ecosystem. (C) Inclusion.--The terms ``invasive species'' and ``alien species'' include any terrestrial or aquatic species determined by the relevant tribal, regional, State, or local authority to meet the requirements of subparagraph (A) or (B), as applicable. (5) Manage; management.--The terms ``manage'' and ``management'', with respect to an invasive species, mean the active implementation of any activity-- (A) to reduce or stop the spread of the invasive species; and (B) to inhibit further infestations of the invasive species, the spread of the invasive species, or harm caused by the invasive species, including investigations regarding methods for early detection and rapid response, prevention,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01068", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00514", "text": "Type-Ia supernovae (SNe-Ia) are thought to result from a thermonuclear runaway in white dwarfs (WDs) that approach the Chandrasekhar limit, either through accretion from a companion or a merger with another WD. I compile observational estimates of the fraction eta of intermediate-mass stars that eventually explode as SNe-Ia, supplement them with several new estimates, and compare them self-consistently. The estimates are based on five different methods, each utilising some observable related to the SN-Ia rate, combined with assumptions regarding the IMF: the ratio of SN-Ia to core-collapse rates in star-forming galaxies; the SN-Ia rate per unit star-formation rate; the SN-Ia rate per unit stellar mass; the iron to stellar mass ratio in galaxy clusters; and the abundance ratios in galaxy clusters. The five methods indicate that a fraction in the range eta~2-40% of all stars with initial masses of 3-8 M_sun (the generally assumed SN-Ia progenitors) explode as SNe-Ia. A fraction of eta~15% is consistent with all five methods for a range of plausible IMFs. Considering also the binarity fraction among such stars, the mass ratio distribution, the separation distribution, and duplicity (every binary can produce only one SN-Ia explosion), this implies that nearly every intermediate mass close binary ends up as a SN-Ia, or more SNe-Ia than progenitor systems. Theoretically expected fractions are generally one to two orders of magnitude lower. The problem solved: if all the observational estimates are in error; or with a ``middle-heavy'' IMF; or by some mechanism that strongly enhances the efficiency of binary evolution toward SN-Ia explosion; or by a non-binary origin for SNe-Ia.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 372, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00414", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00515", "text": "Context: The stellar production of the light element lithium is still a matter of debate. Aims: We report the detection of low-mass, Li-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars located in the Galactic bulge. Methods: A homogeneous and well-selected sample of low mass, oxygen-rich AGB stars in the Galactic bulge has been searched for the absorption lines of Li. Using spectral synthesis techniques, we determine from high resolution UVES/VLT spectra the Li abundance in four out of 27 sample stars, and an upper limit for the remaining stars. Results: Two stars in our sample have a solar Li abundance or above; these stars seem to be a novelty, since they do not show any s-element enhancement. Two more stars have a Li abundance slightly below solar; these stars do show s-element enhancement in their spectra. Different scenarios which lead to an increased Li surface abundance in AGB stars are discussed. Conclusions: Of the different enrichment scenarios presented, Cool Bottom Processing (CBP) is the most one for the Li-rich objects identified here. Self-enrichment by Hot Bottom Burning (HBB) very unlikely as all Li-rich stars are below the HBB mass limit. Also, the ingestion of a low mass companion into the stars' envelope is unlikely because the associated additional effects are lacking. Mass transfer from a former massive binary companion is a possible scenario, if the companion produced little s-process elements. A simple theoretical estimation for the Li abundance due to CBP is presented and compared to the observed values.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00344", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00516", "text": "Fiber will be heading next. Six potential cities—Portland, OR, San Jose, CA, Los Angeles, CA, Dallas, TX, Oklahoma City, OK, Tampa, FL, Jacksonville, FL, Phoenix, AZ—are listed as places the company is exploring. SEE: Louisville and the Future of the Smart City (a ZDNet/TechRepublic special report) William Hahn, an analyst at Gartner, said going to even one-third of those cities next year would be impressive for Google Fiber. However, he said he doesn't foresee a shift in the market in the next two years. The next big gamechanger? The rollout of 5G, which will give providers more wireless to potentially play with in cities and hard-to-reach rural areas. In five US cities in 2018, Verizon plans to roll out 5G fixed wireless, which will compete directly with fiber in speed and low latency. Antlitz said it's probable that Fiber will collaborate with incumbent ISPs to target unserved and underserved communities, including those in emerging markets and harder-to-reach rural spots. \"they don't want to be an ISP,\" Antlitz said. \"They're trying to prove a point.\" The point? That faster, 1 gigabit internet can be affordable—and that the existing ISPs just needed a push. \"They got what they wanted,\" Antlitz added. Stay informed, click here to subscribe to the TechRepublic Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 302, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00534", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00517", "text": "During accretion a neutron star (NS) is spun up as angular momentum is transported through its surface layers. We study the resulting differentially rotating profile, focusing on the impact this has for type I X-ray bursts. The predominant viscosity is provided by the Tayler-Spruit dynamo. The radial and azimuthal magnetic field components have strengths of ~10^5 G and ~10^10 G, respectively. This leads to nearly uniform rotation at the depths of interest for X-ray bursts. A remaining small shear transmits the accreted angular momentum inward to the NS interior. Though this shear gives little viscous heating, it can trigger turbulent mixing. Detailed simulations will be required to fully understand the consequences of mixing, but our models illustrate some general features. Mixing has the greatest impact when the buoyancy at the compositional discontinuity between accreted matter and ashes is overcome. This occurs at high accretion rates, at low spin frequencies, or may depend on the ashes from the previous burst. We then find two new regimes of burning. The first is ignition in a layer containing a mixture of heavier elements from the ashes. If ignition occurs at the base of the mixed layer, recurrence times as short as ~5-30 minutes are possible. This may explain the short recurrence time of some bursts, but incomplete burning is still needed to explain these bursts' energetics. When mixing is sufficiently strong, a second regime is found where accreted helium mixes deep enough to burn stably, quenching X-ray bursts. We speculate that the observed change in X-ray burst properties near one-tenth the Eddington accretion rate is from this mechanism. The carbon-rich material produced by stable helium burning would be important for triggering and fueling superbursts. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00029", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00518", "text": ") shall be carried out in accordance with procedures developed by the Interagency Working Group and shall consider, at a minimum-- (A) the ability of the partnership to carry out effectively the proposed activities; (B) the degree to which such activities are to prepare chemists and chemical engineers sufficiently to be competent to apply green chemistry concepts and strategies in their work; and (C) the amount of cost sharing to be provided. SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. (a) National Science Foundation.--(1) From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated by the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation for carrying out this Act-- (A) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; (B) $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and (C) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. (2) The sums authorized by paragraph (1) are in addition to any funds the National Science Foundation is spending on green chemistry through its ongoing chemistry and chemical engineering programs. (b) National Institute of Standards and Technology.--From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for carrying out this Act-- (1) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; (2) $5,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and (3) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. (c) Department of Energy.--From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Energy for carrying out this Act-- (1) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; (2) $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and (3) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. (d) Environmental Protection Agency.--From sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency for carrying out this Act-- (1) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; (2) $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and (3) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 477, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00892", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00519", "text": "a nerve for many people, regardless of race. “People need an outlet for what they were feeling, what they were experiencing,” Haule said. “This was a way for people to express their pain, express their grief, and just to do a catharsis.” Haule also said that in her experience, white people and even some minority groups tend to unload their stories of racist experiences and guilt onto African-Americans. “There’s a time and place, and also, black people are not monolithic, so it’s important that you tap into your humanity before you just assume that they want for you to bear your burden on them without them having the time to process their own burden,” she said. One man pushed back on Haule’s statements, asking her whether the point of the event was to tell people everything they are doing wrong as allies. He said in his view, it was important to share stories of the human experience. One of the few people of color in attendance was Margarita Bamba. She immigrated from the Philippines and recently became an American citizen. Bamba became emotional when talking to the group about raising her two young sons in a racially charged climate. \"I want to teach them what it means to be part of this country and do things that you believe in,\" Bamba said. Speaking after the event, Bamba said that when people talk about being allies, it's important not to oversimplify the narratives of minority groups. \"When everybody was talking about people of color, I was grateful that there are so many white people here, but it felt almost like an out-of-body experience, like people were talking about me in the third person, like I wasn't in the room,\" she said. \"It's become this idea of people of color, that we're this monolithic group, and we're not.\" A white supremacist rally and a counter protest are planned for September 11th on the Texas A&M campus. Haule isn’t directly involved in that counter protest, and she says she’ll leave that effort up to local organizers in College Station, Texas. To those who want to be an ally, she says one of the most important things to do is listen.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 447, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00658", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00520", "text": "The gravitational lens toward B0218+357 offers the unique possibility to study cool moderately dense gas with high sensitivity and angular resolution in a cloud that existed half a Hubble time ago. Observations of the radio continuum and six formaldehyde (H2CO) lines were carried out with the VLA, the Plateau de Bure interferometer, and the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. Three radio continuum maps indicate a flux density ratio between the two main images, A and B, of ~ 3.4 +/- 0.2. Within the errors the ratio is the same at 8.6, 14.1, and 43 GHz. The 1_{01}-0_{00} line of para-H2CO is shown to absorb the continuum of image A. Large Velocity Gradient radiative transfer calculations are performed to reproduce the optical depths of the observed two cm-wave \"K-doublet\" and four mm-wave rotational lines. These calculations also account for a frequency-dependent continuum cloud coverage. Confirming the diffuse nature of the cloud, an n(H2) density of < 1000 cm^{-3} is derived, with the best fit suggesting n(H2) ~ 200 cm^{-3}. The H2CO column density of the main velocity component is ~5 * 10^{13} cm^{-2}, to which about 7.5 * 10^{12} cm^{-2} has to be added to also account for a weaker feature on the blue side, 13 km/s apart. N(H2CO)/N(NH3) ~ 0.6, which is four times less than the average ratio obtained from a small number of local diffuse (galactic) clouds seen in absorption. The ortho-to-para H2CO abundance ratio is 2.0 - 3.0, which is consistent with the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas associated with the lens of B0218+357. With the gas kinetic temperature and density known, it is found that optically thin transitions of CS, HCN, HNC, HCO+, and N2H+ (but not CO) will provide excellent probes of the cosmic microwave background at redshift z=0.68.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 454, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00279", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00521", "text": "see an Options link. It's quite possible that you've never explored this link before. Let's take a look: With any Office file open, click the File tab and choose Save As in the left pane. Below the Filename and Location controls, click the More Options link (Figure A). In the bottom-right corner of the resulting dialog, look for the Tags control (Figure B). Click the Add A Tag Link and supply a keyword (Figure C). To add more than one, separate the keywords with a semicolon. Once you add a Tags keyword, Office will display it in an AutoComplete list when you tag subsequent files, making it easier to use Tags consistently. Click Save and continue as you normally would. Figure A Click the More Options link. Figure B Click the Tags control and start entering keywords. Figure C Separate keywords with a semicolon. You can add Tags to all your Office files this way. Although I showed you only one, you have several files that warrant a plant sale or 2018 keyword. Following our example, you have a plant list in Excel, but you also have a vendor contract in Word and several graphic files you're using in different publicity venues. Searching Now let's use File Explorer to find all your plant sale files. You could run a quick search on your local drive using any number of search strings: plant list, contract, and so on. If you use this route, you know that a search can take a while and it often turns up a lot of files you're not looking for. As you can see in Figure D, what you expect to be a simple search for your Word contract is anything but. A similar search on 2018 could return similar or even worse results. Figure D A search on contract returns a lot of files. Okay, I confess: The above search is unnecessarily complicated—I did that on purpose. If you see a lot of files you can't identify, check the Advanced Options dropdown and make sure System Files is unchecked (unless you're looking for system files). Doing so will improve most search tasks, with or without Tags. However, thanks to Tags, you don't have to second guess, remember every related file you've generated or updated, or wade through busy search results. Even if the search includes system files (as above), you won't see a lot of unexpected files. You'll see only the files you've tagged accordingly. To pinpoint just the files you want to", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00586", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00522", "text": "We calculate the structure and neutron content of neutrino-heated MHD winds driven from the surface of newly-formed magnetars (``proto-magnetars'') and from the midplane of hyper-accreting disks, two of the possible central engines for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and hyper-energetic supernovae (SNe). Both the surface of proto-magnetars and the midplane of neutrino-cooled accretion flows (NDAFs) are electron degenerate and neutron-rich (neutron-to-proton ratio n/p >> 1). If this substantial free neutron excess is preserved to large radii in ultra-relativistic outflows, several important observational consequences may result. Weak interaction processes, however, can drive n/p to ~1 in the nondegenerate regions that obtain just above the surfaces of NDAFs and proto-magnetars. Our calculations show that mildly relativistic neutron-rich outflows from NDAFs are possible in the presence of a strong poloidal magnetic field. However, we find that neutron-rich winds possess a minimum mass-loss rate that precludes simultaneously neutron-rich and ultra-relativistic (Lorentz factor > 100) NDAF winds accompanying a substantial accretion power. In contrast, proto-magnetars are capable of producing neutron-rich long-duration GRB outflows ~10-30 seconds following core bounce for sub-millisecond rotation periods; such outflows would, however, accompany only extremely energetic events, in which the GRB + SN energy budget exceeds ~ 4e52 ergs. Neutron-rich highly relativistic outflows may also be produced during some short-duration GRBs by geometrically thick accretion disks formed from compact object mergers. The implications for r-process nucleosynthesis, optical transients due to non-relativistic neutron-rich winds, and Nickel production in proto-magnetar and NDAF winds are also briefly discussed.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 390, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00499", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00523", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``High School Athletics Accountability Act of 2009''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. (a) Findings.--The Congress finds as follows: (1) Participation in sports teaches youth critical life skills and has a significant positive impact on all areas of their lives, especially for girls. (2) Girls who participate in sports have higher levels of confidence and self-esteem, lower levels of depression, are less to be suicidal, are more to have a positive body image than female non-athletes, and are half as to experience an unintended pregnancy as compared to female non- athletes. Girls who participate in sports have higher graduation rates, receive better grades, and are less to smoke or use illegal drugs. (3) Sports participation effectively combats obesity, which is particularly significant given that one in six girls are obese or overweight and African-Americans and Hispanic girls face even greater risks. (4) Despite advances in athletic opportunities for women and girls since the passage of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, discrimination still limits athletic opportunities for females in interscholastic and intercollegiate athletics. Girls comprise 49 percent of the high school population, but receive only 41 percent of all interscholastic athletic participation opportunities nationwide. This translates into 1,300,000 fewer opportunities to play high school sports for girls than for boys. These lost participation opportunities also result in the loss of athletic scholarships that make it possible for many girls and young women to attend college. (5) There is ample evidence that girls' teams often receive inferior benefits and services when they do play, in areas such as overall budgets; travel; equipment; uniforms; facilities, including locker rooms, fields, and practice and competitive facilities; training and medical services; publicity; access to coaches; and scheduling of practices, games, and sports seasons. (6) Without information about how athletic opportunities and benefits are being allocated at the elementary and secondary school levels, students may be deprived of opportunities to play sports and to receive athletic scholarships to attend college. (7) Students, parents, and schools should be aware of the athletic opportunities and benefits available to male and female students so that they can work to enhance athletic opportunities for all and address any inequities. (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are as follows: (1) To ensure that information about the allocation of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00976", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00524", "text": "to access without authorization or exceed authorized access to a protected computer'' after ``cause damage to a protected computer''. SEC. 6. CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT CYBER-CRIMES. Section 1030(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``or conspires'' after ``attempts''. SEC. 7. NOTICE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT. (a) Criminal Penalty for Failure to Notify Law Enforcement.-- Chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: ``Sec. 1039. Concealment of security breaches involving personal information ``(a) Offense.--Whoever owns or possesses data in electronic form containing a means of identification (as defined in section 1028), having knowledge of a major security breach of the system containing such data maintained by such person, and knowingly fails to provide notice of such breach to the United States Secret Service or Federal Bureau of Investigation, with the intent to prevent, obstruct, or impede a lawful investigation of such breach, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. ``(b) Definitions.--As used in this section-- ``(1) Major security breach.--The term `major security breach' means any security breach-- ``(A) whereby means of identification pertaining to 10,000 or more individuals is, or is reasonably believed to have been acquired, and such acquisition causes a significant risk of identity theft; ``(B) involving databases owned by the Federal Government; or ``(C) involving primarily data in electronic form containing means of identification of Federal Government employees or contractors involved in national security matters or law enforcement. ``(2) Significant risk of identity theft.-- ``(A) In general.--The term `significant risk of identity theft' means such risk that a reasonable person would conclude, after a reasonable opportunity to investigate, that it is more probable than not that identity theft has occurred or will occur as a result of the breach. ``(B) Presumption.--If the data in electronic form containing a means of identification involved in a suspected breach has been encrypted, redacted, requires technology to use or access the data that is not commercially available, or has otherwise been rendered unusable, then there shall be a presumption that the breach has not caused a significant risk of identity theft. Such presumption may be rebutted by facts demonstrating that the encryption code has been or is reasonably to be compromised, that", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00883", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00525", "text": "Y CVn is a carbon star surrounded by a detached dust shell that has been imaged by the Infrared Space Observatory at 90 microns. With the Nancay Radio Telescope we have studied the gaseous counterpart in the 21-cm HI emission line. New data have been acquired and allow to improve the signal to noise ratio on this line. The high spectral resolution line profiles obtained at the position of the star and at several offset positions set strong constraints on the gas temperature and kinematics within the detached shell; the bulk of the material should be at ~ 100-200 K and in expansion at ~ 1-2 km/s. In addition, the line profile at the central position shows a quasi-rectangular pedestal that traces an 8 km/s outflow of ~ 1.0 10^-7 Msol/yr, stable for about 2 10^4 years, which corresponds to the central outflow already studied with CO rotational lines. We present a model in which the detached shell results from the slowing-down of the stellar wind by surrounding matter. The inner radius corresponds to the location where the stellar outflow is abruptly slowed down from ~ 8 km/s to 2 km/s (termination shock). The outer radius corresponds to the location where external matter is compressed by the expanding shell (bow shock). In this model the mass loss rate of Y CVn has been set constant, at the same level of 1.0 10^-7 Msol/yr, for ~ 4.5 10^5 years. The gas temperature varies from ~ 1800 K at the inner limit to 165 K at the interface between circumstellar matter and external matter. Our modelling shows that the presence of a detached shell around an AGB star may not mean that a drastic reduction of the mass loss rate has occurred in the past. The inner radius of such a shell only be the effect of a termination shock rather than of an interruption of the mass loss process.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 405, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00305", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00526", "text": "We describe the absolute calibration of the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) 160 micron channel. After the on-orbit discovery of a near-IR ghost image that dominates the signal for sources hotter than about 2000 K, we adopted a strategy utilizing asteroids to transfer the absolute calibrations of the MIPS 24 and 70 micron channels to the 160 micron channel. Near-simultaneous observations at all three wavelengths are taken, and photometry at the two shorter wavelengths is fit using the Standard Thermal Model. The 160 micron flux density is predicted from those fits and compared with the observed 160 micron signal to derive the conversion from instrumental units to surface brightness. The calibration factor we derive is 41.7 MJy/sr/MIPS160 (MIPS160 being the instrumental units). The scatter in the individual measurements of the calibration factor, as well as an assesment of the external uncertainties inherent in the calibration, lead us to adopt an uncertainty of 5.0 MJy/sr/MIPS160 (12%) for the absolute uncertainty on the 160 micron flux density of a particular source as determined from a single measurement. For sources brighter than about 2 Jy, non-linearity in the response of the 160 micron detectors produces an under-estimate of the flux density: for objects as bright as 4 Jy, measured flux densities are to be ~20% too low. This calibration has been checked against that of ISO (using ULIRGS) and IRAS (using IRAS-derived diameters), and is consistent with those at the 5% level.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 328, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00360", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00527", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Salt Cedar and Russian Olive Control Assessment and Demonstration Act''. SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Secretaries.--The term ``Secretaries'' means the Secretary of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior. (2) Western united states.--The term ``Western United States'' refers to the States defined by the Act of June 17, 1902 (commonly known as the 1902 Reclamation Act; 43 U.S.C. 371 et seq.), which includes Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. SEC. 3. ASSESSMENT OF SALT CEDAR AND RUSSIAN OLIVE INFESTATION IN WESTERN UNITED STATES. (a) Assessment.--Not later than one year after the date on which funds are first made available to carry out this section, the Secretaries shall complete an assessment of the extent of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive invasion in the Western United States. (b) Content.--The assessment shall include the following: (1) To the extent practicable, documentation of the quantity of water lost due to the infestation. (2) Documentation of the quantity of water saved due to various control methods, including the portion of saved water that returns to surface water or groundwater supplies and at what rates. (3) Determination of the optimum control method for the various land types and land uses. (4) Determination of what conditions indicate the need to remove such growth and the optimal methods for disposal or use of such growth. (5) Determination of methods to prevent the regrowth and reintroduction of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive and to reestablish native species. (c) Report on Assessment.-- (1) Preparation and content.--The Secretaries shall prepare a report containing the results of the assessment. The report shall identify long-term management and funding strategies that implemented by Federal, State, Tribal, and private land managers and owners on all land management types to address the invasion of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive. The report shall also identify deficiencies or areas for further study and where actual field demonstrations would be useful in the control effort. (2) Submission.--The Secretaries shall submit the report to the Committee on Resources and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01047", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00528", "text": ". Women that plan their pregnancies are more to access prenatal care, improving their own health and the health of their children. (14) Between 2006 and 2010, one-third of all pregnancies were conceived within 18 months of a previous birth, an interval that is potentially harmful to the health of the mother. (15) Improved access to family planning also saves money. For every $1.00 invested in family planning, taxpayers save nearly $4.00 in Medicaid-related expenses. (16) During the 2011-2012 flu season, 53 percent of pregnant women did not receive recommended vaccination against influenza. SEC. 3. WOMEN'S PREVENTIVE HEALTH AWARENESS CAMPAIGN. Part P of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 280g et al.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: ``SEC. 399V-6. WOMEN'S PREVENTIVE HEALTH AWARENESS CAMPAIGN. ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall provide for the planning and implementation of a national public outreach and education campaign to raise public awareness, including provider awareness, of women's preventive health. Such campaign shall include the media campaign under subsection (b) and the website under subsection (c) and shall provide for the dissemination of information that-- ``(1) describes the guidelines for women's preventive services, including the cervical cancer recommendations updated in 2012, by the United States Preventive Services Task Force, by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and by the American Cancer Society, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and the American Society for Clinical Pathology; ``(2) promotes well-woman visits for health assessments which include screenings, evaluations, counseling, immunizations, and prenatal visits, as appropriate; ``(3) explains the women's preventive services that are required under section 2713 to be covered without cost-sharing by a group health plan or a health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage that is not a grandfathered plan (as defined in section 1251(e) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act); and ``(4) addresses health disparities in the area of women's prevention. ``(b) Media Campaign.-- ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this section, as part of the campaign under subsection (a", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00855", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00529", "text": "We present a study of the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 using mid- and far- infrared data acquired with the IRAC, IRS, and MIPS instruments aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The images show extensive 8 um and 24 um emission coinciding with star formation in the inner spiral approximately 15\" (1 kpc) from the nucleus, and a bright complex of star formation 47\" (3 kpc) SW of the nucleus. The brightest 8 um PAH emission regions coincide remarkably well with knots observed in an Halpha image. Strong PAH features at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 um are detected in IRS spectra measured at numerous locations inside, within, and outside the inner spiral. The IRAC colors and IRS spectra of these regions rule out dust heated by the AGN as the primary emission source; the SEDs are dominated by starlight and PAH emission. The equivalent widths and flux ratios of the PAH features in the inner spiral are generally consistent with conditions in a typical spiral galaxy ISM. Interior to the inner spiral, the influence of the AGN on the ISM is evident via PAH flux ratios indicative of a higher ionization parameter and a significantly smaller mean equivalent width than observed in the inner spiral. The brightest 8 and 24 um emission peaks in the disk of the galaxy, even at distances beyond the inner spiral, are located within the ionization cones traced by [O III]/Hbeta, and they are also remarkably well aligned with the axis of the radio jets. Although it is possible that radiation from the AGN may directly enhance PAH excitation or trigger the formation of OB stars that subsequently excite PAH emission at these locations in the inner spiral, the orientation of collimated radiation from the AGN and star formation knots in the inner spiral coincidental. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 391, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00389", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00530", "text": "Data from {\\it Chandra} observations of thirty nearby galaxies were analyzed and 365 X-ray point sources were chosen whose spectra were not contaminated by excessive diffuse emission and not affected by photon pile up. The spectra of these sources were fitted using two spectral models (an absorbed power-law and a disk blackbody) to ascertain the dependence of estimated parameters on the spectral model used. It was found that the cumulative luminosity function depends on the choice of the spectral model, especially for luminosities $> 10^{40}$ ergs/s. In accordance with previous results, a large number ($\\sim 80$) of the sources have luminosities $> 10^{39}$ ergs/s (Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources) with indistinguishable average spectral parameters (inner disk temperature $\\sim 1$ keV and/or photon index $\\Gamma \\sim 2$) with those of the lower luminosities ones. After considering foreground stars and known background AGN,we identify four sources whose minimum luminosity exceed $10^{40}$ ergs/s, and call them Extremely Luminous X-ray sources (ELX). The spectra of these sources are in general better represented by the disk black body model than the power-law one. These ELX can be grouped into two distinct spectral classes. Two of them have an inner disk temperature of $< 0.5$ keV and hence are called ``supersoft'' ELX, while the other two have temperatures $\\gtrsim 1.3$ keV and are called ``hard'' ELX. The estimated inner disk temperatures of the supersoft ELX are compatible with the hypothesis that they harbor intermediate size black holes, which are accreting at $\\sim 0.5$ times their Eddington Luminosity. The radiative mechanism for hard ELX, to be Inverse Comptonization, which in contrast to standard black holes systems, is probably saturated.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 399, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00020", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00531", "text": "The basic aim of the thesis is the study of the propagation of particles and quasiparticles in non-trivial backgrounds from the quantum field theory point of view. By \"non-trivial background\" we mean either a non-vacuum state in Minkowski spacetime or an arbitrary state in a curved spacetime. Starting with the case of a flat spacetime, the basic properties of the particle and quasiparticle propagation are analyzed using two different methods other than the conventional mean-field-based techniques: on the one hand, the quantum state corresponding to the quasiparticle excitation is explicitly constructed; on the other hand, the spectral representation of the two-point propagators is analyzed. Both methods lead to the same results: the energy and decay rate of the quasiparticles are determined by the real and imaginary parts of the retarded self-energy respectively. These general results are applied to two particular quantum systems: first, a scalar particle immersed in a thermal graviton bath; second, a simplified atomic model, seizing the opportunity to connect with other statistical and first-quantized approaches. In the second part of the thesis the results are extended to curved spacetime. Working with a quasilocal quasiparticle concept the flat-spacetime results are recovered. In cosmology, within the adiabatic approximation, it is possible to go beyond the flat spacetime results and find additional effects due to the universe expansion. The cosmologically-induced effects are analyzed, obtaining that there be an additional contribution to the particle decay due to the universe expansion. In the de Sitter case, this additional contribution coincides with the decay rate in a thermal bath in a flat spacetime at the corresponding de Sitter temperature.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00398", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00532", "text": "ST. LOUIS (AP) — A Missouri death row inmate whose life was spared by a last-minute stay of execution four years ago is asking the U.S. Supreme Court for another reprieve, claiming the process of killing him could cause blood-filled tumors to burst inside his head. Russell Bucklew is scheduled to die by injection Tuesday evening for killing a former girlfriend's new boyfriend during a violent rampage in 1996. He would be the first Missouri prisoner put to death since January 2017. Bucklew, 49, was within an hour of execution in May 2014 when the U.S. Supreme Court halted it over concerns about Bucklew's rare medical condition, cavernous hemangioma. The ailment causes weakened and malformed blood vessels, tumors in his head and throat and on his lip, and vein problems. His attorney, Cheryl Pilate, is again asking the Supreme Court to intervene, claiming Bucklew's condition has only gotten worse. The tumor on Bucklew's lip has grown substantially since 2014 and is now the size of a grape, Pilate said. She believes the internal tumors have grown, too, and will rupture and bleed during the execution, potentially causing Bucklew \"to choke and cough on his own blood during the lethal injection process.\" Missouri Attorney General Josh Hawley disagrees, writing in his filing to the Supreme Court that the growth in Bucklew's mouth shrunk 10 percent between 2010 and 2016. The condition also compromises his veins, and Pilate said the fatal injection couldn't be administered in the typical way through an arm vein. Hawley wrote that the lethal dose of pentobarbital administered through a leg or other vein instead of the arm. Pilate also has asked for clemency from Republican Gov. Eric Greitens. A spokesman for the governor declined comment. Bucklew's appeals have suggested that if the execution is carried out, the state should use lethal gas instead of an injection of pentobarbital. Missouri law still provides for the option of lethal gas, but the state no longer has a gas chamber and has not used the method since 1965. None of the 20 inmates executed since Missouri began using pentobarbital in 2013 have shown obvious signs of pain or suffering. Bucklew became angry when his girlfriend, Stephanie Ray, ended their relationship in 1996. Hawley said in court filings that Bucklew slashed Ray's face with a", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00809", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00533", "text": "(Abridged) We present R~600, 10-37um spectra of 53 ULIRGs at z<0.32, taken using the IRS on board Spitzer. All of the spectra show fine structure emission lines of Ne, O, S, Si and Ar, as well as molecular Hydrogen lines. Some ULIRGs also show emission lines of Cl, Fe, P, and atomic Hydrogen, and/or absorption features from C_2H_2, HCN, and OH. We employ diagnostics based on the fine-structure lines, as well as the EWs and luminosities of PAH features and the strength of the 9.7um silicate absorption feature (S_sil), to explore the power source behind the infrared emission in ULIRGs. We show that the IR emission from the majority of ULIRGs is powered mostly by star formation, with only ~20% of ULIRGs hosting an AGN with a comparable or greater IR luminosity than the starburst. The detection of the 14.32um [NeV] line in just under half the sample however implies that an AGN contributes significantly to the mid-IR flux in ~42% of ULIRGs. The emission line ratios, luminosities and PAH EWs are consistent with the starbursts and AGN in ULIRGs being more extincted, and for the starbursts more compact, versions of those in lower luminosity systems. The excitations and electron densities in the NLRs of ULIRGs appear comparable to those of lower luminosity starbursts, though there is evidence that the NLR gas in ULIRGs is more dense. We show that the combined luminosity of the 12.81um [NeII] and 15.56um [NeIII] lines correlates with both IR luminosity and the luminosity of the 6.2 micron and 11.2 micron PAH features in ULIRGs, and use this to derive a calibration between PAH luminosity and star formation rate. Finally, we show that ULIRGs with 0.8 < S_sil < 2.4 are to be powered mainly by star formation, but that ULIRGs with S_sil < 0.8, and those with S_sil > 2.4, contain an IR-luminous AGN.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 489, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00211", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00534", "text": "Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) cluster surveys are considered among the most promising methods for probing dark energy up to large redshifts. However, their premise is hinged upon an accurate mass-observable relationship, which affected by the (rather poorly understood) physics of the intracluster gas. In this letter, using a semi-analytic model of the intracluster gas that accommodates various theoretical uncertainties, I develop a Fundamental Plane relationship between the observed size, thermal energy, and mass of galaxy clusters. In particular, I find that M ~ (Y_{SZ}/R_{SZ,2})^{3/4}, where M is the mass, Y_{SZ} is the total SZ flux or thermal energy, and R_{SZ,2} is the SZ half-light radius of the cluster. I first show that, within this model, using the Fundamental Plane relationship reduces the (systematic+random) errors in mass estimates to 14%, from 22% for a simple mass-flux relationship. Since measurement of the cluster sizes is an inevitable part of observing the SZ clusters, the Fundamental Plane relationship can be used to reduce the error of the cluster mass estimates by ~ 34%, improving the accuracy of the resulting cosmological constraints without any extra cost. I then argue why our Fundamental Plane is distinctly different from the virial relationship that one may naively expect between the cluster parameters. Finally, I argue that while including more details of the observed SZ profile cannot significantly improve the accuracy of mass estimates, a better understanding of the impact of non-gravitational heating/cooling processes on the outskirts of the intracluster medium (apart from external calibrations) be the best way to reduce these errors.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00063", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00535", "text": "We present a comprehensive study of disks around 81 young low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the nearby ~2-Myr-old Chamaeleon I star-forming region. We use mid-infrared photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope, supplemented by findings from ground-based high-resolution optical spectroscopy and adaptive optics imaging. We derive disk fractions of 52 (+/-6) % and 58 (+6/-7) % based on 8-micron and 24-micron colour excesses, respectively, consistent with those reported for other clusters of similar age. Within the uncertainties, the disk frequency in our sample of K3-M8 objects in Cha I does not depend on stellar mass. Diskless and disk-bearing objects have similar spatial distributions. There are no obvious transition disks in our sample, implying a rapid timescale for the inner disk clearing process; however, we find two objects with weak excess at 3-8 microns and substantial excess at 24 microns, which may indicate grain growth and dust settling in the inner disk. For a sub-sample of 35 objects with high-resolution spectra, we investigate the connection between accretion signatures and dusty disks: in the vast majority of cases (29/35) the two are well correlated, suggesting that, on average, the timescale for gas dissipation is similar to that for clearing the inner dust disk. The exceptions are six objects for which dust disks persist even though accretion has ceased or dropped below measurable levels. Adaptive optics images of 65 of our targets reveal that 17 have companions at (projected) separations of 10-80 AU. Of the five <20 AU binaries, four lack infrared excess, indicating that a close companion leads to faster disk dispersal. The closest binary with excess is separated by ~20 AU, which sets an upper limit of ~8 AU for the outer disk radius. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 391, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00425", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00536", "text": "In this article, we report high-resolution (~ 0.1\" -- 0.3\"), high-sensitivity (~ 50 -100 uJy beam-1) Very Large Array 0.7 and 1.3 cm observations of the young stellar system IRAS 16293-2422 in rho-Ophiuchus. In the 0.7 cm image, component A to the south-east of the system looks like its usual binary self. In the new 1.3 cm image, however, component A2 have split into two sub-components located roughly symmetrically around the original position of A2. This change of morphology is the result of a recent bipolar ejection, one of the very first such events observed in a low-mass source. Also in component A, a marginal detection of 0.7 cm emission associated with the submillimeter component Ab is reported. If confirmed, this detection would imply that Ab is a relatively extended dusty structure, where grain coagulation may already have taken place. With an angular size increasing with frequency, and an overall spectra index of 2, the emission from component B to the north-west of the system is confirmed to be dominated by optically thick thermal dust emission associated with a fairly massive, nearly face-on, circumstellar disk. In the central region, however, we find evidence for a modest free-free contribution that originates in a structure elongated roughly in the east-west direction. We argue that this free-free component traces the base of the jet driving the large-scale bipolar flow at a position angle of about 110 degrees that has long been known to be powered by IRAS 16293-2422.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00477", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00537", "text": "and even expand beyond what be his typical conservative base in the state. \"Alabama voters supported Trump because he spoke his mind and said all the things they had been thinking about government,\" said Brent Buchanan, a GOP strategist and pollster in the state. \"Out of all the candidates, Roy Moore has some of those similar characteristics. You may not agree with all of his policy or personal preferences, but you know that Roy Moore is going to do what Roy Moore believes.\" That's why it was so, well, strange last week when Trump tweeted out his support for Strange, saying the incumbent has his \"complete and total endorsement!\" The senator has benefited from millions of dollars in ads from the McConnell-aligned Senate Leadership Fund super PAC. The very next day after endorsing Strange, Trump started going on Twitter tirades against the GOP Senate leader for failing to pass a bill to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act. Strange has tried to prove his loyalty to the president ever since he was appointed under less than auspicious circumstances. As Alabama's attorney general, Strange was investigating then-Gov. Robert Bentley for misuse of his office amid a sex scandal when Bentley chose Strange to replace Sessions. Facing impeachment, Bentley eventually resigned, and the new governor, Kay Ivey, moved up the date for the special election to replace Sessions long-term. Polling done in the wake of Trump's surprise endorsement showed that the president's blessing had done little — yet — to move the needle toward Strange. One by cygnal, Buchanan's firm, conducted partly after the endorsement, showed Moore still with a lead and high favorables, Strange remained static and it was Brooks who took a hit. Buchanan said the Trump endorsement could help Strange turn out some who were less to vote on Tuesday, which key in what's already expected to be a very low-turnout affair. And the pro-Trump America First Action super PAC also announced late Friday it would be spending up to $200,000 on digital ads targeting Trump voters to encourage them to come out for Strange. However, although he's slipping in polling, Brooks is hoping to turn McConnell's fervent support for Strange into a last-ditch way to get into the runoff against Moore. He's hitched a \"Ditch Mitch\" banner to his campaign bus in the final days, and in his closing ad he echoes Trump's frustration with McConnell's inability to push through an Obamacare repeal. \"McConnell and Strange are weak, but together we can", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00650", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00538", "text": "The variable X-ray source 1E 1547.0-5408 was identified by Gelfand & Gaensler (2007) as a magnetar in G327.24-0.13, an apparent supernova remnant. No X-ray pulsations have been detected from it. Using the Parkes radio telescope, we discovered pulsations with period P = 2.069 s. Using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we localized these to 1E 1547.0-5408. We measure dP/dt = (2.318+-0.005)e-11, which for a magnetic dipole rotating in vacuo gives a surface field strength of 2.2e14 G, a characteristic age of 1.4 kyr, and a spin-down luminosity of 1.0e35 ergs/s. Together with its X-ray characteristics, these rotational parameters of 1E 1547.0-5408 prove that it is a magnetar, only the second known to emit radio waves. The distance is ~9 kpc, derived from the dispersion measure of 830 pc/cc. The pulse profile at a frequency of 1.4 GHz is extremely broad and asymmetric due to multipath propagation in the ISM, as a result of which only approximately 75% of the total flux at 1.4 GHz is pulsed. At higher frequencies the profile is more symmetric and has FWHM = 0.12P. Unlike in normal radio pulsars, but in common with the other known radio-emitting magnetar, XTE J1810-197, the spectrum over 1.4-6.6 GHz is flat or rising, and we observe large, sudden changes in the pulse shape. In a contemporaneous Swift X-ray observation, 1E 1547.0-5408 was detected with record high flux, f_X(1-8 keV) ~ 5e-12 ergs/cm^2/s, 16 times the historic minimum. The pulsar was undetected in archival radio observations from 1998, implying a flux < 0.2 times the present level. Together with the transient behavior of XTE J1810-197, these results suggest that radio emission is triggered by X-ray outbursts of usually quiescent magnetars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 484, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00417", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00539", "text": "Taipei, (Taiwan News)—The Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) said it will revoke the operating license of a bus company involved in one of the deadliest bus incidents in Taiwan that has claimed 33 lives and injured 11. “With investigators still figuring out the cause of the incident, the ministry will revoke Yeow Lih Transportation’s (友力通運) tour bus operating license for severely violating Article 77 of the Highway Act (公路法), \" said MOTC minister Hochen Tan (賀陳旦), Tuesday. Road conditions were ruled out by the minister as the main cause of the fatal accident, and Hochen pointed out the driver and mechanical failure were the more cause. Hochen admitted previous ministry assessments of tour bus safety and quality evaluation criteria had been inadequate in eliminating poor quality bus service companies from the market. The ministry had been publicizing information the mandatory Directorate-General of Highways (DGH) compulsory biennial evaluation results, but it has not been enough to stem sub-standard bus services. The ministry will soon carry out a new round of inspections on poorly performing bus service companies, namely companies that receive below \"C\" grade from the DGH evaluations. Tour bus operators that receive a \"D\" grade from the DGH compulsory evaluations will be made public, and their operations will be examined by the ministry, said Hochen. These firms will be given a two week period to improve, but if issues persist some of their operations will be suspended or their operating licenses will be revoked as stipulated in Article 47 of the Act. The same sanction is applicable to operators that receive a grade of \"C\", but they are granted a two months to address their problems. The minister urged tour bus companies to review records of bus drivers, and consider removing those with any behavioral issues to reassure public they are taking responsibility, said Hochen. The ministry also suspended Taipei-based Iris Travel Service Co (蝶戀花旅行社) operations until it addresses the incident and related insurance compensation. Established in 1999, Iris Travel Service exclusively offers domestic tours with duration of one-day, two-days and more. The travel agency, arranged the one-day tour to Wuling Farm (武陵農場) in Taichung City to view cherry blossoms, and rented the tour bus from Yeow Lih Transportation. Latest evidence from the bus tacometer showed it was 20 kilometers over the highway ramp’s speed limit of 40 kilometers per", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00831", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00540", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS. (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Taxpayer Protection Act of 2005''. (b) Findings.--The Congress finds the following: (1) The integrity of the Federal tax system is integral to the efficient and ongoing functioning of representative democracy. (2) A pillar of exemplary citizenship is compliance with the Federal tax code as it pertains to individual income taxes. (3) Individual taxpayers voluntarily disclose sensitive personal information to the Federal Government with the expectation that such information will be utilized and retained only by qualified, trained, and accountable personnel of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). (4) Although the IRS has stated that there will be tight restrictions on what information will be released to private collection agencies, the statute places no restrictions on what information may be released to private collection agencies. (5) More than 26 million Americans have, since 1990, been victims of some form of ``identity theft'' through misappropriation and misuse of their personal information. (6) Disclosure of taxpayer information to nongovernmental, third party vendors will increase the risk of wrongful disclosure of taxpayer information that results in higher incidences of ``identity theft''. (7) The IRS has already demonstrated its inability to protect taxpayer data from unauthorized disclosure under existing vendor contracts as documented in an internal report by the Department of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration. (8) The IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 specifically prevents employees or supervisors at the IRS from being evaluated or compensated based on how much they collect in order to prevent incentives for overly aggressive and abusive tactics. (9) The compensation scheme for private tax collection agencies is a recovery fee of up to 25 percent of funds collected that will lead to overzealous and abusive collection tactics against taxpayers. (10) The Congress has previously rejected the use of private tax collection agencies by canceling a pilot program in 1996 due to violations by private collection agencies of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, inadequate protection of sensitive taxpayer information, and a loss of approximately $17 million during the pilot program. (11) A 2002 report by the IRS Commissioner to the IRS Oversight Board identified an additional $30 billion in taxes owed that collected annually by increased funding for IRS personnel. A $9 billion annual increase in revenue achieved by earmarking approximately $300 million to specific IRS collection functions, for a return of $30 for", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00983", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00541", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Rapid Pathogen Identification to Delivery of Cures Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND POLICY. (a) Findings.--The Congress finds as follows: (1) The possibility exists today that terrorists or others who intend harm to United States forces deployed abroad or to the homeland will use techniques in biotechnology to enhance the transmissibility, stability, virulence, or host range of a biological agent, or to render existing diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine strategies or innate immune responses against a biological agent less effective. (2) This possibility will grow over time as such techniques develop, improve, and spread as an inevitable result of biotechnology innovation. (3) Natural processes can also lead to the emergence of previously unknown and harmful pathogens or render known pathogens resistant to existing diagnostic, therapeutic, or adaptive immune approaches. (4) Long delays in developing new and effective responses to pathogens are typical. The discovery, development, and approval process for new drugs and vaccines typically requires 10 to 20 years and costs an average of $800 million. These constraints reflect the long, costly research and development process, including the failure of most drug or vaccine candidates to demonstrate favorable characteristics in pre- clinical testing, as well as the expensive, time-consuming clinical trials required to prove the safety and effectiveness of new treatments. (5) Congress has already authorized the abridgement of the long testing and approval process required to ensure safety and efficacy under the emergency conditions of a severe outbreak of a harmful pathogen. However, it will still take years for even an experimental treatment or vaccine to become available. (6) There is no coordinated, focused research and development program or overall national strategy to achieve significant and dramatic reductions in the timeframe from the identification of a pathogen to the development and emergency approval for human use of reasonably safe and effective new biodefense medical countermeasures against a previously unknown or engineered pathogen or toxin. (7) Even utilizing existing technologies, there is no organized capability in the public or private sector to rapidly screen drug candidates for potential therapeutic activity against pathogens, develop and manufacture drug, biological, or medical device products, or test already approved treatments for efficacy against a previously unknown or engineered biological threat that puts our deployed armed forces or the homeland at risk. (8) In the area of infectious disease in particular, private sector firms are abandoning all types of innovation and research and development in", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01058", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00542", "text": "The spectrum of meson and diquark excitations of dense quark matter is considered in the framework of the Nambu -- Jona-Lasinio model with three types of massless quarks in the presense of a quark number chemical potential $\\mu$. We investigate the effective action of meson- and diquark fields both at sufficiently large values of $\\mu>\\mu_c\\approx 330$ MeV, where the color--flavor locked (CFL) phase is realized, and in the chirally broken phase of quark matter ($\\mu<\\mu_c$). In the last case all nine pseudoscalar mesons are Nambu -- Goldstone (NG) bosons, whereas the mass of the scalar meson nonet is twice the dynamical quark mass. In the chirally broken phase the pseudoscalar diquarks are not allowed to exist as stable particles, but the scalar diquarks be stable only at a rather strong interaction in the diquark channel. In the case of the CFL phase, all NG bosons of the model are realized as scalar and pseudoscalar diquarks. Moreover, it turns out that massive diquark excitations are unstable for this phase. In particular, for the scalar and pseudoscalar octets of diquark resonances a mass value around 230 MeV was found numerically. In contrast, mesons are stable particles in the CFL phase. Their masses lie in the interval 400$\\div$500 MeV for not too large values of $\\mu>\\mu_c$.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00156", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00543", "text": "The origin of the abundance discrepancy is one of the key problems in the physics of photoionized nebula. In this work, we analize and discuss data for a sample of Galactic and extragalactic HII regions where this abundance discrepancy has been determined. We find that the abundance discrepancy factor (ADF) is fairly constant and of the order of 2 in all the available sample of HII regions. This is a rather different behaviour than that observed in planetary nebulae, where the ADF shows a much wider range of values. We do not find correlations between the ADF and the O/H, O++/H+ ratios, the ionization degree, Te(High), Te(Low)/ Te(High), FWHM, and the effective temperature of the main ionizing stars within the observational uncertainties. These results indicate that whatever mechanism is producing the abundance discrepancy in HII regions it does not substantially depend on those nebular parameters. On the contrary, the ADF to be slightly dependent on the excitation energy, a fact that is consistent with the predictions of the classical temperature fluctuations paradigm. Finally, we obtain that Te values obtained from OII recombination lines in HII regions are in agreement with those obtained from collisionally excited line ratios, a behaviour that is again different from that observed in planetary nebulae. These similar temperature determinations are in contradiction with the predictions of the model based on the presence of chemically inhomogeneous clumps but are consistent with the temperature fluctuations paradigm. We conclude that all the indications suggest that the physical mechanism responsible of the abundance discrepancy in HII regions and planetary nebulae are different.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00392", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00544", "text": "We present the discovery of a 40 kpc H-alpha tail and at least 29 emission-line objects downstream of a star-forming galaxy ESO 137-001 in the rich, nearby cluster A3627. The galaxy is known to possess a dramatic 70 kpc X-ray tail. The detected H-alpha tail coincides positionally with the X-ray tail. The H-alpha emission in the galaxy is sharply truncated on the front and the sides near the nucleus, indicating significant ram pressure stripping. ESO 137-001 is thus the first cluster late-type galaxy known unambiguously with both an X-ray tail and an H-alpha tail. The emission-line objects are all distributed downstream of the galaxy, with projected distance up to 39 kpc from the galaxy. From the analysis on the H-alpha_{off} frame and the estimate of the background emission-line objects, we conclude that it is very all 29 emission-line objects are HII regions in A3627. The high surface number density and luminosities of these HII regions (up to 10^40 ergs/s) dwarf the previously known examples of isolated HII regions in clusters. We suggest that star formation may proceed in the stripped ISM, in both the galactic halo and intracluster space. The total mass of formed stars in the stripped ISM of ESO 137-001 may approach several times 10^7 solar masses. Therefore, stripping of the ISM not only contributes to the ICM, but also adds to the intracluster stellar light through subsequent star formation. The data also imply that ESO 137-001 is in an active stage of transformation, accompanied by the build-up of a central bulge and depletion of the ISM.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00236", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00545", "text": "We compare the use of galaxy asymmetry and pair proximity for measuring galaxy merger fractions and rates for a volume limited sample of 3184 galaxies with -21 < M(B) -5 log h < -18 mag. and 0.010 < z < 0.123 drawn from the Millennium Galaxy Catalogue. Our findings are that: (i) Galaxies in close pairs are generally more asymmetric than isolated galaxies and the degree of asymmetry increases for closer pairs. At least 35% of close pairs (with projected separation of less than 20 h^{-1} kpc and velocity difference of less than 500 km s^{-1}) show significant asymmetry and are therefore to be physically bound. (ii) Among asymmetric galaxies, we find that at least 80% are either interacting systems or merger remnants. However, a significant fraction of galaxies initially identified as asymmetric are contaminated by nearby stars or are fragmented by the source extraction algorithm. Merger rates calculated via asymmetry indices need careful attention in order to remove the above sources of contamination, but are very reliable once this is carried out. (iii) Close pairs and asymmetries represent two complementary methods of measuring the merger rate. Galaxies in close pairs identify future mergers, occurring within the dynamical friction timescale, while asymmetries are sensitive to the immediate pre-merger phase and identify remnants. (iv) The merger fraction derived via the close pair fraction and asymmetries is about 2% for a merger rate of (5.2 +- 1.0) 10^{-4} h^3 Mpc^{-3} Gyr^{-1}. These results are marginally consistent with theoretical simulations (depending on the merger time-scale), but imply a flat evolution of the merger rate with redshift up to z ~1.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00154", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00546", "text": "We present deep emission-line imaging taken with the SOAR Optical Imaging Camera of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the nearby (z=0.035) X-ray cluster 2A0335+096. We analyze long-slit optical spectroscopy, archival VLA, Chandra X-ray, and XMM UV data. 2A0335+096 is a bright, cool-core X-ray cluster, once known as a cooling flow. Within the highly disturbed core revealed by Chandra X-ray observations, 2A0335+096 hosts a highly structured optical emission-line system. The redshift of the companion is within 100 km/s of the BCG and has certainly interacted with the BCG, and is bound to it. The comparison of optical and radio images shows curved filaments in H-alpha emission surrounding the resolved radio source. The velocity structure of the emission-line bar between the BCG nucleus and the companion galaxy provides strong evidence for an interaction between the two in the last ~50 Myrs. The age of the radio source is similar to the interaction time, so this interaction may have provoked an episode of radio activity. We estimate a star formation rate of >7 solar mass/yr based on the Halpha and archival UV data, a rate similar to, but somewhat lower than, the revised X-ray cooling rate of 10-30 solar masses/year estimated from XMM spectra by Peterson & workers. The Halpha nebula is limited to a region of high X-ray surface brightness and cool X-ray temperature. The detailed structures of H-alpha and X-ray gas differ. The peak of the X-ray emission is not the peak of H-alpha emission, nor does it lie in the BCG. The estimated age of the radio lobes and their interaction with the optical emission-line gas, the estimated timescale for depletion and accumulation of cold gas, and the dynamical time in the system are all similar, suggesting a common trigger mechanism.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 397, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00141", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00547", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``George C. Marshall Commemorative Coin Act''. SEC. 2. COIN SPECIFICATIONS. (a) Denominations.--The Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall mint and issue the following coins in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan and George Catlett Marshall: (1) One dollar silver coins.--Not more than 700,000 one dollar coins, each of which shall-- (A) weigh 26.73 grams; (B) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and (C) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. (2) Half dollar clad coins.--Not more than 500,000 half dollar coins each of which shall-- (A) weigh 11.34 grams; (B) have a diameter of 1.205 inches; and (C) be minted to the specifications for half dollar coins contained in section 5112(b) of title 31, United States Code. (b) Legal Tender.--The coins minted under this Act shall be legal tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United States Code. (c) Numismatic Items.--For purposes of section 5134 of title 31, United States Code, all coins minted under this Act shall be considered to be numismatic items. SEC. 3. SOURCES OF BULLION. The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting coins under this Act only from stockpiles established under the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act. SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS. (a) Design Requirements.-- (1) In general.--The design of the coins minted under this Act shall be emblematic of the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, which gave Europe's war-ravaged countries the economic strength by which they choose freedom, and George C. Marshall, the author of the plan. (2) Designation and inscriptions.--On each coin minted under this Act there shall be-- (A) a designation of the value of the coin; (B) an inscription of the year ``1997''; and (C) inscriptions of the words ``Liberty'', ``In God We Trust'', ``United States of America'', and ``E Pluribus Unum''. (3", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00849", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00548", "text": "of a grant awarded under subsection (a) shall-- ``(1) provide the written notice described in subsection (b) to medical centers, hospitals, forensic examiners, sexual assault service providers, State and local law enforcement agencies, and any other State agency or department reasonably to serve sexual assault survivors; and ``(2) make the written notice described in subsection (b) publicly available on the Internet website of the attorney general of the State. ``(d) Provision To Promote Compliance.--The Attorney General may provide such technical assistance and guidance as necessary to help recipients meet the requirements of this section. ``(e) Integration of Systems.--Any system developed and implemented under this section may be integrated with an existing case management system operated by the recipient of the grant if the system meets the requirements listed in this section.''. SEC. 7. WORKING GROUP. (a) In General.--The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the ``Secretary''), shall establish a joint working group (referred to in this section as the ``Working Group'') to develop, coordinate, and disseminate best practices regarding the care and treatment of sexual assault survivors and the preservation of forensic evidence. (b) Consultation With Stakeholders.--The Working Group shall consult with-- (1) stakeholders in law enforcement, prosecution, forensic laboratory, counseling, forensic examiner, medical facility, and medical provider communities; and (2) representatives of not less than 3 entities with demonstrated expertise in sexual assault prevention, sexual assault advocacy, or representation of sexual assault victims, of which not less than 1 representative shall be a sexual assault victim. (c) Membership.--The Working Group shall be composed of governmental or nongovernmental agency heads at the discretion of the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary. (d) Duties.--The Working Group shall-- (1) develop recommendations for improving the coordination of the dissemination and implementation of best practices and protocols regarding the care and treatment of sexual assault survivors and the preservation of evidence to hospital administrators, physicians, forensic examiners, and other medical associations and leaders in the medical community; (2) encourage, where appropriate, the adoption and implementation of best practices and protocols regarding the care and treatment of sexual assault survivors and the preservation of evidence among hospital administrators, physicians, forensic examiners, and other medical associations and leaders in the medical community; (3) develop recommendations to promote the coordination of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01063", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00549", "text": "A day after he declared a narrow victory in a referendum vote that radically expands presidential powers, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is criticizing elections observers and their concerns about the fairness of the vote. Decrying a \"crusader mentality,\" Erdogan told a crowd of his supporters that the international monitors should \"know their place,\" according to Reuters. Erdogan added that Turkey did not \"see, hear or acknowledge\" the reports of irregularities from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Preliminary returns say the presidential proposal passed by just 51 percent of the vote. The European monitor released preliminary findings about Sunday's poll, saying the vote \"took place on an unlevel playing field and the two sides of the campaign did not have equal opportunities.\" Its report states that \"while the technical aspects of the referendum were well administered and referendum day proceeded in an orderly manner, late changes in counting procedures removed an important safeguard and were contested by the opposition.\" The OSCE also said the vote did not meet standards set by the Council of Europe. Allegations of vote rigging are uncommon in Turkey, Soner Cagaptay of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy tells NPR. \"We don't know whether the amount of vote fraud was significant enough to change the outcome — or more than 1 percent — but definitely something happened.\" But in a country that is deeply divided, \"where it's almost half and half for and against Erdogan, if you even have allegations of voter fraud, whether or not it happened, his legitimacy will be completely and constantly questioned by that half that does not vote for him.\" That could present problems for Erdogan in the future, Cagaptay says. Acting State Department spokesperson Mark Toner said U.S. officials have noted the OSCE's concerns, according to Reuters. \"We look forward to OSCE/ODIHR's final report, which we understand will take several weeks.\" Considering how tilted critics called the campaign, NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul says many were surprised at how close the vote was. \"It's close enough that the opposition says it's going to challenge alleged irregularities,\" he says. \"It be an uphill fight. It days or longer before we know the final results.\" The new framework expands Erdogan's powers and means he could potentially stay in office until 2029. As Peter explains: \"Power would be more concentrated under the presidency. \"If the referendum is approved by majority vote, the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00671", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00550", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump's administration is planning to impose tariffs on European steel and aluminum imports after failing to win concessions from the European Union, a move that could provoke retaliatory tariffs and inflame trans-Atlantic trade tensions. The tariffs are to go into effect on the EU with an announcement by Friday's deadline, according to two people familiar with the discussions. The administration's plans could change if the two sides are able to reach a last-minute agreement, said the people, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations. Trump announced in March the United States would slap a 25 percent tariff on imported steel, and a 10 percent tariff on imported aluminum, citing national security interests. But he granted an exemption to the EU and other U.S. allies; that reprieve expires Friday. Europe has been bracing for the U.S. to place the restrictions even as top European officials have held last-ditch talks in Paris with American trade officials to try to avert the tariffs. \"Realistically, I do not think we can hope\" to avoid either U.S. tariffs or quotas on steel and aluminum, said Cecilia Malmstrom, the European Union's trade commissioner. Even if the U.S. were to agree to waive the tariffs on imported steel and aluminum, Malmstrom said, \"I expect them nonetheless to want to impose some sort of cap on EU exports.\" European officials said they expected the U.S. to announce its final decision Thursday. The people familiar with the talks said Trump could make an announcement as early as Thursday. U.S. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross attended meetings at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in Paris on Wednesday, and U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer joins discussions in Paris on Thursday. The U.S. plan has raised the threat of retaliation from Europe and fears of a global trade war — a prospect that is already weighing on investor confidence and could hinder the global economic upturn. If the U.S. moves forward with its tariffs, the EU has threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs on U.S. orange juice, peanut butter and other goods in return. French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire pledged that the European response would be \"united and firm.\" Besides the U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs, the Trump administration is also investigating possible limits on foreign cars in the name of national security. \"Unilateral responses and threats over trade war will solve nothing of the serious imbalances in the world", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00774", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00551", "text": "in publications of national circulation to be obtained by individuals; ``(3) the direct notification of interested individuals; ``(4) the conduct of open conferences or public hearings concerning the rule for individuals, including soliciting and receiving comments over computer networks; and ``(5) the adoption or modification of agency procedural rules to reduce the cost or complexity of participation in the rulemaking by individuals. ``(e) Periodic Review of Rules.-- ``(1) In general.--Each agency shall carry out a periodic review of the rules promulgated by the agency that have a significant privacy impact on individuals, or a privacy impact on a substantial number of individuals. Under such periodic review, the agency shall determine, for each such rule, whether the rule can be amended or rescinded in a manner that minimizes any such impact while remaining in accordance with applicable statutes. For each such determination, the agency shall consider the following factors: ``(A) The continued need for the rule. ``(B) The nature of complaints or comments received from the public concerning the rule. ``(C) The complexity of the rule. ``(D) The extent to which the rule overlaps, duplicates, or conflicts with other Federal rules, and, to the extent feasible, with State and local governmental rules. ``(E) The length of time since the rule was last reviewed under this subsection. ``(F) The degree to which technology, economic conditions, or other factors have changed in the area affected by the rule since the rule was last reviewed under this subsection. ``(2) Plan required.--Each agency shall carry out the periodic review required by paragraph (1) in accordance with a plan published by such agency in the Federal Register. Each such plan shall provide for the review under this subsection of each rule promulgated by the agency not later than 10 years after the date on which such rule was published as the final rule and, thereafter, not later than 10 years after the date on which such rule was last reviewed under this subsection. The agency may amend such plan at any time by publishing the revision in the Federal Register. ``(3) Annual publication.--Each year, each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a list of the rules to be reviewed by such agency under this subsection during the following year. The list shall include a brief description of each such rule and the need for and legal basis of such rule and shall invite public comment upon the determination to be made under this subsection with respect to such rule. ``(f) Judicial Review", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00837", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00552", "text": ", and thus are easily replaced. Accordingly, only the confiscation of the smuggled bulk cash can effectively break the cycle of criminal activity of which the laundering of the bulk cash is a critical part. (6) The current penalties for violations of the currency reporting requirements are insufficient to provide a deterrent to the laundering of criminal proceeds. In particular, in cases where the only criminal violation under current law is a reporting offense, the law does not adequately provide for the confiscation of smuggled currency. In contrast, if the smuggling of bulk cash were itself an offense, the cash confiscated as the corpus delicti of the smuggling offense. (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are as follows: (1) To make the act of smuggling bulk cash itself a criminal offense. (2) To authorize forfeiture of any smuggled cash and other monetary instruments, together with any other property involved in the smuggling offense. (3) To emphasize the seriousness of the act of bulk cash smuggling. (4) To prescribe guidelines for determining the amount of property subject to forfeiture in various situations. SEC. 3. BULK CASH SMUGGLING INTO OR OUT OF THE UNITED STATES. (a) Enactment of Bulk Cash Smuggling Offense.--Subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: ``Sec. 5331. Bulk cash smuggling into or out of the United States ``(a) Criminal Offense.-- ``(1) In general.--Whoever, with the intent to evade a currency reporting requirement under section 5316, knowingly conceals more than $10,000 in currency or other monetary instruments on the person of such individual or in any conveyance, article of luggage, merchandise, or other container, and transports or transfers or attempts to transport or transfer such currency or monetary instruments from a place within the United States to a place outside of the United States, or from a place outside the United States to a place within the United States, shall be guilty of a currency smuggling offense and subject to punishment pursuant to subsection (b). ``(2) Concealment on person.--For purposes of this section, the concealment of currency on the person of any individual includes concealment in any article of clothing worn by the individual or in any luggage, backpack, or other container worn or carried by such individual. ``(b) Penalty.-- ``(1) Term of imprisonment.--A", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00878", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00553", "text": "First principles calculations were performed to study the ground state electronic properties of BaFeO3 (BFO) within the density functional theory (DFT). Adopting generalized gradient approximation (GGA) exchange and correlation functional and Vosko-Wilk-Nusair correlation energy functional interpolation, we have systematically conducted the band structure, density of states and electronic distribution along different crystalline planes. Calculating results show that band gap in the majority spin band structure and band gap in the minority spin band structure were found to be 2.7012 eV and 0.6867 eV respectively. Up-spin Fe t2g were fully occupied and down-spin Fe eg were empty. Moreover, the up-spin Fe eg and down-spin Fe t2g were partially occupied near the Fermi energy, leading to a finite density of states. The Fe4+-O-Fe4+ plane superexchange coupling should rearrange the magnetic order to make the ferromagnetic characteristic being possible, moreover the tetragonal displacement along the c axis could induce the perovskites materials to acquire ferroelectric property. These reasons could lead to the fact that the tetragonal phase BFO a potential multiferroics while it was produced under the very experimental conditions. The charge density along different crystalline planes were illustrated to show that strong covalent bonding between O and Fe can be used to investigate the exchange coupling, and this strong hybridization may further increase the superexchange coupling to enhance the magnetic ordering.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 302, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00079", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00554", "text": "We present results from a wide-field imaging study of the globular cluster (GC) systems of a sample of edge-on, Sb-Sc spiral galaxies ~7-20 Mpc away. This study is part of a larger survey of the ensemble properties of the GC populations of giant galaxies. We imaged the galaxies in BVR filters with large-format CCD detectors on the WIYN 3.5-m telescope, to projected radii of ~20-40 kpc. For four galaxies (NGC 2683, NGC 3556, NGC 4157, and NGC 7331), we quantify the radial distributions of the GC systems and estimate the total number, luminosity- and mass-normalized specific frequencies (S_N and T), and blue (metal-poor) fraction of GCs. A fifth galaxy (NGC 3044) was apparently too distant for us to have detected its GC system. Our S_N for NGC 2683 is 2.5 times smaller than the previously-published value, due in part to reduced contamination from non-GCs. For the spiral galaxies analyzed for the survey to date, the average number of GCs is 170+/-40 and the weighted mean values of S_N and T are 0.8+/-0.2 and 1.4+/-0.3. We use the survey data to derive a relationship between radial exent of the GC system and host galaxy mass over a factor of 20 in mass. Finally, we confirm the trend, identified in previous survey papers, of increasing specific frequency of metal-poor GCs with increasing galaxy mass. We compare the data with predictions from a simple model and show that carefully quantifying the numbers of metal-poor GCs in galaxies can constrain the formation redshifts of the GCs and their host galaxies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 371, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00450", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00555", "text": "We investigate the relationship between several previously identified Galactic halo stellar structures in the direction of Virgo using imaging and spectroscopic observations of F turnoff stars and blue horizontal branch stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE). We show that the Sagittarius dwarf leading tidal tail does not pass through the solar neighborhood; it misses the Sun by more than 15 kpc, passing through the Galactic plane outside the Solar Circle. It also is not spatially coincident with the large stellar overdensity S297+63-20.5 in the Virgo constellation. S297+63-20.5 has a distinct turnoff color and kinematics. Faint (g ~ 20.3) turnoff stars in S297+63-20.5 have line-of-sight, Galactic standard of rest velocities V(GSR)= 130 +/- 10 km/s, opposite in sign to infalling Sgr tail stars. The path of the Sgr leading tidal tail is also inconsistent with the positions of some of the nearer stars with which it has been associated, and whose velocities have favored models with prolate Milky Way potentials. We additionally show that the number densities of brighter (g ~ 19.8) F turnoff stars are not symmetric about the Galactic center, and that this discrepancy is not primarily due to the S297+63-20.5 moving group. Either the spheroid is asymmetric about the Galactic center, or there are additional substructures that conspire to be on the same side of the Galaxy as S297+63-20.5. The S297+63-20.5 overdensity in Virgo is associated with two other previously identified Virgo substructures: the Virgo Stellar Stream (VSS) and the Virgo Overdensity (VOD). However, the velocity difference between the VSS and S297+63-20.5 and the difference in distance estimates between the VOD and S297+63-20.5 must be reconciled.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 418, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00281", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00557", "text": "LSI +61 303 is one of the most interesting high-mass X-ray binaries owing to its spatially resolved radio emission and its TeV emission, generally attributed to non-thermal particles in an accretion-powered relativistic jet or in the termination shock of the relativistic wind of a young pulsar. Also, the nature of the compact object is still debated. Only LS 5039 and PSR B1259-63 (which hosts a non-accreting millisecond pulsar) have similar characteristics. We study the X-ray emission from LSI +61 303 covering both short-term and orbital variability. We also investigate the source spectral properties in the soft X-ray (0.3-10 keV) energy range. 25 snapshot observations of LSI +61 303 have been collected in 2006 with the XRT instrument on-board the Swift satellite over a period of four months, corresponding to about five orbital cycles. Since individual data sets have too few counts for a meaningful spectral analysis, we extracted a cumulative spectrum. The count rate folded at the orbital phase shows a clear modulation pattern at the 26.5 days period and suggests that the X-ray peak occurs around phase 0.65. Moreover, the X-ray emission be variable on a timescale of ~1 ks. The cumulative spectrum is well described by an absorbed power-law model, with hydrogen column density Nh=(5.7+/-0.3)E+21 cm^-2 and photon index 1.78+/-0.05. No accretion disk signatures, such as an iron line, are found in the spectrum.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00496", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00558", "text": "Microsoft is constantly tinkering with Windows 10, dropping in new features and swapping out old ones, but there are a few annoyances it unable or unwilling to fix. What ties most of the following complaints together is Microsoft's reluctance to let users choose for themselves, preferring instead to try to coerce users and control how they use their computer. Here are the five ways Windows 10 is broken that Microsoft needs to sort out. 1. Sort out the Control Panel / Settings app confusion Windows 10 adopts a rather confused approach to managing settings—splitting the options between the legacy Control Panel and the Settings app. Microsoft be in the process of gradually migrating these options to the new Settings app, with each big feature update further diminishing the role of the Control Panel. However, having to juggle between the two menus is not particularly user friendly, and the changes in where settings lie is particularly aggravating for some users, as can be seen by the large number of forum posts this issue generates. You can use the Search function to locate the Settings you need, but there are still clearly a large number of users who still struggle to locate what they're looking for. 2. Give all users control over updates All Windows 10 users should be given control over when updates are applied. Currently there is no simple option for Windows 10 Home users to defer updates in the same way there is for users of Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise editions. SEE: Windows 10: Streamline your work with these power tips (free TechRepublic PDF) Users of non-Home editions can toggle options in menus to put off updates for months at the very least. However, Home users have to engage in hacky workarounds, such as setting their connection to 'Metered', which can have unwanted side effects due to Windows no longer downloading most Windows updates or Windows Store app updates. Microsoft should just relent and give the Home edition the same level of control over updates as is available to Pro users. 3. Allow users to opt out of feature updates altogether Not everyone appreciates Microsoft's twice-yearly feature updates messing with their desktop, and, for some, the smattering of new features are, at best, unnecessary. Microsoft should give all users the option to completely opt out of feature updates—the most recent being the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update— and instead only receive essential patches and fixes. As it is, users of Pro and Enterprise can defer feature updates for more than", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00533", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00559", "text": ". economy. And a sweeping tax overhaul that Trump pushed through Congress last month is expected to further support U.S. growth. Traders in the financial markets foresee a 96 percent chance that they Fed will leave rates alone when its meeting ends Wednesday, according to data tracked by the CME Group. The next rate increase is expected in March; traders see a 78 percent likelihood then. The March policy meeting will also be the first time that Powell is scheduled to hold a news conference, something the leader of the Fed does four times a year. Economists are roughly divided on whether they think Fed's policymakers will raise rates three times this year, as they did in 2017, or four times. The pivotal factor will be how inflation performs. For the past six years, inflation has been a no-show, running below even the Fed's target level of 2 percent. A tight job market, with pressure building for pay increases, and potentially higher consumer and business spending resulting from the Republican tax cuts, could accelerate inflation this year. \"the Fed will end up moving rates up either three or four times, and it will depend on how the data comes in,\" said Sung Won Sohn, an economics professor at California State University, Channel Islands. \"If the tax cuts lift business and consumer confidence and result in a much stronger economy, then we will see four rate hikes.\" Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics, said he was foresees four rate increases this year beginning in March. Zandi expects the Fed to accelerate its pace of increases because he thinks unemployment will fall further, leading to wage increases and a pickup in inflation. \"Everything is pointing to a more aggressive Fed this year,\" Zandi said. The Fed has modestly raised its benchmark rate five times since December 2015, when it began tightening for the first time since the height of the financial crisis in 2008. When the crisis erupted, the Fed cut its rate to a record low near zero to help rescue the financial system and the economy and then held it there for seven years. Because the Fed has raised rates only gradually over the past two years to avoid slowing the economy, its key rate remains in a still-low range 1.25 percent to 1.5 percent. With most analysts foreseeing a rate increase in March, the Fed may decide to signal that likelihood when it issues a statement after its meeting ends Wednesday. The lineup of Fed regional bank presidents", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00757", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00560", "text": "'' has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b). (3) Native hawaiian organization.--The term ``Native Hawaiian organization'' means a nonprofit organization-- (A) that serves the interests of Native Hawaiians; (B) in which Native Hawaiians serve in substantive and policymaking positions; and (C) that is recognized for having expertise in Native Hawaiian culture and heritage, including tourism. (4) Tribal organization.--The term ``tribal organization'' has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self- Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b). SEC. 4. INTEGRATING FEDERAL TOURISM ASSETS TO STRENGTHEN NATIVE TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES. (a) Secretary of Commerce and Secretary of the Interior.--The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior shall update the respective management plans and tourism initiatives of the Department of Commerce and the Department of the Interior to include Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations. (b) Other Agencies.--The head of each agency that has recreational travel or tourism functions or complementary programs shall update the respective management plans and tourism strategies of the agency to include Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations. (c) Native American Tourism Plans.-- (1) In general.--The plans shall outline policy proposals-- (A) to improve travel and tourism data collection and analysis; (B) to increase the integration, alignment, and utility of public records, publications, and Web sites maintained by Federal agencies; (C) to create a better user experience for domestic travelers and international visitors; (D) to align Federal agency Web sites and publications; (E) to support national tourism goals; (F) to identify agency programs that used to support tourism capacity building and help sustain tourism infrastructure in Native American communities; (G) to develop innovative visitor portals for parks, landmarks, heritage and cultural sites, and assets that showcase and respect the diversity of the indigenous peoples of the United States; (H) to share local Native American heritage through the development of bilingual interpretive and directional signage that could include or incorporate English and the local Native American language or languages; and (I) to improve access to transportation programs related to Native American community capacity building for tourism and trade, including transportation planning for programs related to visitor enhancement and safety.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00985", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00561", "text": "We present and interpret new X-ray data for M33SNR21, the brightest X-ray supernova remnant (SNR) in M33. The SNR is in seen projection against (and be interacting with) the bright HII region NGC592. Data for this source were obtained as part of the Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33) Very Large Project. The nearly on-axis Chandra data resolve the SNR into a ~5\" diameter (20 pc at our assumed M33 distance of 817+/-58 kpc) slightly elliptical shell. The shell is brighter in the east, which suggests that it is encountering higher density material in that direction. The optical emission is coextensive with the X-ray shell in the north, but extends well beyond the X-ray rim in the southwest. Modeling the X-ray spectrum with an absorbed sedov model yields a shock temperature of 0.46(+0.01,-0.02) keV, an ionization timescale of n_e t = $2.1 (+0.2,-0.3) \\times 10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$ s, and half-solar abundances (0.45 (+0.12, -0.09)). Assuming Sedov dynamics gives an average preshock H density of 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm$^{-3}$. The dynamical age estimate is 6500 +/- 600 yr, while the best fit $n_e t$ value and derived $n_e$ gives 8200 +/- 1700 yr; the weighted mean of the age estimates is 7600 +/- 600 yr. We estimate an X-ray luminosity (0.25-4.5 keV) of (1.2 +/- 0.2) times $10^{37}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ (absorbed), and (1.7 +/- 0.3) times $10^{37}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ (unabsorbed), in good agreement with the recent XMM-Newton determination. No significant excess hard emission was detected; the luminosity $\\le 1.2\\times 10^{35}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ (2-8 keV) for any hard point source.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 477, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00265", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00562", "text": "Radio observations can show how cluster galaxies are affected by various environmental factors. We made three frequency radio-polarimetric VLA observations and performed sensitive XMM-Newton observations in X-rays and UV light of NGC4254. The distribution of total radio intensity at 8.46 4.86 GHz reveals a global asymmetry with a more diffuse and almost two times larger extension to the north than to the south. The radio polarized intensity is even more asymmetric, showing a strange bright ridge in the southern disk edge, displaced to the downstream side of the local density wave. Magnetic arms can be also seen in other disk portions, mostly avoiding nearby optical spiral arms. Spatially resolved emission of hot X-ray gas from the whole galactic disk, with its soft component closely tracing star-forming regions, is detected. The slope of the local radio nonthermal-infrared relation is <1, thus smaller than for the radio thermal-infrared one (>1). Using the radio thermal emission-based star formation rate (SFR) we find higher extinction in more Halpha luminous star-forming regions with a power-law slope of 0.83. The galaxy's estimated mean SFR of 0.026 M_sun/yr/kpc^2 is three times larger than in other spirals of similar Hubble type. NGC4254 to belong to the class of `young' Virgo cluster members, which recently experienced a gravitational encounter at the cluster's periphery, which perturbed its spiral arms by tidal forces and triggered a burst of star-formation which still maintains strong radio and infrared emissions. Tidal forces could also sheared the magnetic field in the southern disk portion and led to the observed polarized ridge, though, magnetic field compression by weak ram pressure forces of the cluster gas cannot be excluded.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 363, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00460", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00563", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Comprehensive Comparative Study of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Populations Act of 2007''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) Securing the health of the Nation's children is our most important concern as parents and stewards of the Nation's future. (2) The Nation's vaccine program has greatly reduced human suffering from infectious disease by preventing and reducing the outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases. (3) Total health outcomes are the best measure of the success of any public health effort, including security from both chronic and infectious disease. (4) Childhood immunizations are an important tool in the pursuit of childhood health. (5) The number of immunizations administered to infants, pregnant women, children, teenagers, and adults has grown dramatically over recent years. (6) The incidence of chronic, unexplained diseases such as autism, learning disabilities, and other neurological disorders have increased dramatically in recent years. (7) Individual vaccines are tested for safety, but little safety testing has been conducted for interaction effects of multiple vaccines. (8) The strategy of aggressive, early childhood immunization against a large number of infectious diseases has never been tested in its entirety against alternative strategies, either for safety or for total health outcomes. (9) Childhood immunizations are the only health interventions that are required by States of all citizens in order to participate in civic society. (10) Public confidence in the management of public health can only be maintained if these State government-mandated, mass vaccination programs-- (A) are tested rigorously and in their entirety against all reasonable safety concerns; and (B) are verified in their entirety to produce superior health outcomes. (11) There are numerous United States populations in which a practice of no vaccination is followed and which therefore provide a natural comparison group for comparing total health outcomes. (12) No comparative study of such health outcomes has ever been conducted. (13) Given rising concern over the high rates of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, the need for such studies is becoming urgent. SEC. 3. STUDY ON HEALTH OUTCOMES IN VACCINATED AND UNVACCINATED AMERICAN POPULATIONS. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary''), acting through the Director of the National Institutes of Health", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01121", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00564", "text": "According to Two-Time Physics, there is more to space-time than can be garnered with the ordinary formulation of physics. Two-Time Physics has shown that the Standard Model of Particles and Forces is successfully reproduced by a two-time field theory in 4 space and 2 time dimensions projected as a holographic image on an emergent spacetime in 3+1 dimensions. Among the successes of this approach is the resolution of the strong CP problem of QCD as an outcome of the restrictions imposed by the higher symmetry structures in 4+2 dimensions. In this paper we launch a program to construct the duals of the Standard Model as other holographic images of the same 4+2 dimensional theory on a variety of emergent spacetimes in 3+1 dimensions. These dual field theories are obtained as a family of gauge choices in the master 4+2 field theory. In the present paper we deal with some of the simpler gauge choices which lead to interacting Klein-Gordon field theories for the conformal scalar with a predicted SO(d,2) symmetry in a variety of interesting curved spacetimes in (d-1)+1 dimensions. More challenging and more interesting gauge choices (including some that relate to mass) which are left to future work are also outlined. Through this approach we discover a new realm of previously unexplored dualities and hidden symmetries that exist both in the macroscopic and microscopic worlds, at the classical and quantum levels. Such phenomena predicted by 2T-physics can in principle be confirmed both by theory and experiment. 1T-physics can be used to analyze the predictions but in most instances gives no clue that the predicted phenomena exist in the first place. This point of view suggests a new paradigm for the construction of a fundamental theory that is to impact on the quest for unification.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 368, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00162", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00565", "text": "It is that the LHC will observe a color- and charge-neutral scalar whose decays are consistent with those of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson. The Higgs interpretation of such a discovery is not the only possibility. For example, electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) triggered by a spontaneously broken, nearly conformal sector. The spectrum of states at the electroweak scale would then contain a narrow scalar resonance, the pseudo-Goldstone boson of conformal symmetry breaking, with Higgs-like properties. If the conformal sector is strongly coupled, this pseudo-dilaton may be the only new state accessible at high energy colliders. We discuss the prospects for distinguishing this mode from a minimal Higgs boson at the LHC and ILC. The main discriminants between the two scenarios are (1) cubic self-interactions and (2) a potential enhancement of couplings to massless SM gauge bosons. A particularly interesting situation arises when the scale f of conformal symmetry breaking is approximately the electroweak scale v~246 GeV. Although in this case the LHC may not be able to tell apart a pseudo-dilaton from the Higgs boson, the self-interactions differ in a way that depends only on the scaling dimension of certain operators in the conformal sector. This opens the possibility of using dilaton pair production at future colliders as a probe of EWSB induced by nearly conformal new physics.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 302, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00456", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00566", "text": "the necessary review and determine whether or not to provide the clearance. If the necessary clearance is not promptly provided to counsel for a party, the party may propose that alternate or additional counsel be cleared. If within a reasonable time, alternative or additional counsel selected by the party cannot be cleared, then the court, in consultation with that party and that party's counsel, shall appoint another attorney, who can obtain the necessary clearance promptly, to represent the party in proceedings under this Act. When a security clearance for counsel sought under this Act is denied, the court may require the Government to present an ex parte explanation of that denial. SEC. 6. PROCEDURES AND STANDARD FOR ASSESSING THE PRIVILEGE CLAIM. (a) Hearing.--The court shall conduct a hearing to determine whether the privilege claim is valid. (b) Basis for Ruling.-- (1) Generally.--The court may not determine that the privilege is valid until the court has reviewed-- (A) except as provided in paragraph (2), all of the information that the Government asserts is privileged; (B) the affidavits, evidence, memoranda and other filings submitted by the parties related to the privilege claim; and (C) any other evidence that the court determines it needs to rule on the privilege. (2) Sampling in certain cases.--Where the volume of information the Government asserts is privileged precludes a timely review, or the court otherwise determines a review of all of that information is not feasible, the court may substitute a sufficient sampling of the information if the court determines that there is no reasonable possibility that review of the additional information would change the court's determination on the privilege claim and the information reviewed is sufficient to enable to court to make the independent assessment required by this section. (c) Standard.--In ruling on the validity of the privilege, the court shall make an independent assessment of whether the harm identified by the Government, as required by section 2, is reasonably to occur should the privilege not be upheld. The court shall weigh testimony from Government experts in the same manner as it does, and along with, any other expert testimony. (d) Burden of Proof.--The Government shall have the burden of proof as to the nature of the harm and as to the likelihood of its occurrence. SEC. 7. EFFECT OF COURT DETERMINATION. (a) In General.--If the court determines that the privilege is not validly asserted, the information may be disclosed to", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01029", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00567", "text": "A number of previous studies of the fragmentation of self-gravitating protostellar discs have modeled radiative cooling with a cooling timescale (t_{cool}) parameterised as a simple multiple (beta_{cool}) of the local dynamical timescale. Such studies have delineated the `fragmentation boundary' in terms of a critical value of beta_{cool} (beta_{crit}), where the disc fragments if beta_{cool} < beta_{crit}. Such an approach however begs the question of how in reality a disc could ever be assembled with beta_{cool} < beta_{crit}. Here we adopt the more realistic approach of gradually reducing beta_{cool}, as correspond to changes in thermal regime due to secular changes in the disc density profile. We find that when beta_{cool} is gradually reduced (on a timescale longer than t_{cool}), the disc is stabilised against fragmentation, compared with models in which beta_{cool} is reduced rapidly. We therefore conclude that a disc's ability to remain in a self-regulated, self-gravitating state (without fragmentation) is partly dependent on its thermal history, as well as its current cooling rate. Nevertheless, a slow reduction in t_{cool} appears only to lower the fragmentation boundary by about a factor two in t_{cool} and thus only permits maximum alpha values (parameterising the efficiency of angular momentum transfer in the disc) that are about a factor two higher than determined hitherto. Our results therefore do not undermine the notion of a fundamental upper limit to the heating rate that can be delivered by gravitational instabilities before the disc is subject to fragmentation. An important implication of this work, therefore, is that self-gravitating discs can enter into the regime of fragmentation via secular evolution and it is not necessary to invoke rapid (impulsive) events to trigger fragmentation.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 370, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00436", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00568", "text": "a better work-life balance, while baby boomers are more to leave due to burnout. Despite those who plan to leave their jobs, 70% of IT professionals say they are satisfied with their current jobs—though 63% say they believe they are underpaid, the report found. This number is even higher among millennials: 68% of millennial IT workers feel underpaid, compared to 60% of Gen X and 61% of baby boomers. In terms of salary, millennial IT professionals are paid a median income of $50,000 per year, while Gen X IT professionals are paid $65,000, and baby boomers are paid $70,000. These salaries also correlate to years of experience, the report noted. In terms of tech skills needed to be successful in any IT job in the coming year, 81% of IT professionals reported that cybersecurity expertise was critical. Despite understanding how critical this area is, only 19% of IT pros reported having advanced cybersecurity knowledge—potentially putting organizations at risk. This echoes previous research about the dearth of cybersecurity professionals currently available to companies, as well as the need to upskill employees to fill security gaps. SEE: Cheat sheet: How to become a cybersecurity pro About 75% of IT professionals also said that it was critical to have experience in networking, infrastructure hardware, end-user devices, and storage and backup. Of these, 41% said they have advanced networking skills, 50% said they have advanced infrastructure hardware skills, and 79% said they are advanced in supporting and troubleshooting end user devices, including laptops, desktops, and tablets. \"Although the majority of IT professionals are satisfied with their jobs, many also believe they should be making more money, and will take the initiative to find an employer who is willing to pay them what they're worth in 2018,\" Peter Tsai, senior technology analyst at Spiceworks, said in a press release. \"Many IT professionals are also motivated to change jobs to advance their skills, particularly in cybersecurity. As data breaches and ransomware outbreaks continue to haunt businesses, IT professionals recognize there is high demand for skilled security professionals now, and in the years to come.\" Want to use this data in your next business presentation? Feel free to copy and paste these top takeaways into your next slideshow. 32% of IT professionals said they plan to search for or take an IT job with a new employer in", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00516", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00569", "text": "Drug Administration review of nutrient-disease relationships reveals a strong and unscientific bias against food and dietary supplement health claims in direct violation of the constitutional mandates of Federal courts and the intent of Congress. (5) The Food and Drug Administration favors suppression of health claims over disclosure, despite court imposed constitutional requirements to the contrary. (6) To ensure that health claims are evaluated rationally, fairly, and in compliance with constitutional requirements and the intent of Congress, jurisdiction over health claims evaluation must be removed from the Food and Drug Administration and placed in the hands of Independent Scientific Reviewers who do not harbor a bias against food and dietary supplement health claims. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. Section 201 (21 U.S.C. 321) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(kk) The term `Independent Scientific Reviewer' means a person who-- ``(1) holds a Ph.D., an M.D., or both, and has been employed full-time for at least the past 5 consecutive years as a professor or assistant or associate professor in a department of medicine, biochemistry, epidemiology, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, or nutrition at a university that is accredited by an organization recognized by the Department of Education of the United States; ``(2) has never been employed by, and has never been contracted to do work for, the Food and Drug Administration or any other agency or office of the Department of Health and Human Services (except to review health claim petitions under section 403D); ``(3) has never been employed by, and has never been contracted to do work for, the health claim petitioner; ``(4) signs an oath pledging to evaluate the health claim petition provided to him or her by the Secretary in strict accordance with the criteria specified in section 403D; ``(5) signs an oath pledging not to discuss with any person the fact that he or she is reviewing the health claim petition or the substance of the petition or the substance of the evaluation before the results of the scientific review are supplied in a complete written evaluation to the Secretary; ``(6) signs an oath pledging to supply complete copies of all publicly available scientific evidence reviewed along with a complete written evaluation of the health claim to the Secretary no later than 180 days after receipt of the health claim petition from the Secretary; and ``(7) signs an oath pledging to exercise independent professional judgment, free of any external influence and any unscientific bias that interfere with the objective evaluation", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00909", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00570", "text": "With this study we aim at the spectroscopic verification of a photometrically selected sample of Low Surface Brightness (LSB) galaxy candidates in a field around the Hubble Deep Field-South (HDF-S). The sample helps to extend the parameter space for LSB galaxies to lower central surface brightnesses and to provide better estimates on the volume densities of these objects. To derive redshifts for the LSB candidates, long-slit spectra were obtained covering a spectral range from 3400{\\AA} to 7500{\\AA}. The observations have been obtained using the ESO 3.6m telescope, equipped with the EFOSC2 spectrograph. From the measured radial velocities, distances estimated. With this distance information, it is possible to differentiate between true LSB galaxies and higher redshift High Surface Brightness (HSB) galaxies which may contaminate the sample. A correction for the surface brightnesses can then be applied, accounting for the cosmological dimming effect (``Tolman Dimming''). We show that ~70% of the LSB candidates, selected based on their location in the color-color space, are real LSB galaxies. Their position in the color-color diagrams, therefore, indicate that the LSB galaxies have a different stellar population mix resulting from a different star formation history compared to HSBs. Our LSB galaxy sample consists only of large disk galaxies with scale-length between 2.5kpc and 7.3kpc. We confirm the flat central surface brightness distribution of previous surveys and extend this distribution down to central surface brightnesses of 27 B mag arcsec^-2.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00324", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00571", "text": "an employee training application to a story that helps sell your next internal initiative. Next time you're stuck in line, waiting for a meal, or in a waiting room at a doctor's office, put your phone away and just observe. How are people interacting? What technologies are being used or disused? How are employees interacting with their customers? What's interesting or noteworthy about the physical space? You'll suddenly find that there's inspiration all around you. SEE: How to keep your staff motivated and engaged (free PDF) (TechRepublic) 2. Follow aspirational companies and industries Rather than looking solely to industry peers or your customer base for inspiration, identify a few companies or industries that have capabilities that you'd like to acquire. Recently many companies have begun focusing on customer experience, and seek inspiration from the retail industry, a relatively obvious example of looking outside your industry. There are also more nuanced examples. your company sells plumbing supplies through a complex network of dealers and distributors. Automotive companies have long been faced with similarly complex distribution and dealership networks, yet must market directly to consumers, and may provide techniques and inspiration that haven't yet arrived in your industry. Apple has long been known for creating well-designed products, but they also run a world-class supply chain, with complex manufacturing and distribution relationships that relevant to any manufacturing company. Even business models can serve as an inspiration. Uber brought digital disintermediation to the masses, and being \"The Uber of [insert industry]\" has become a bit of a cliché, but it's still worth thinking through whether other business models applied to your company. Could you rent your products rather than selling them? Is there a physical product or a service offering that could augment what you currently sell? Could you serve as a middleman that allows entry into an otherwise expensive product? Other companies have proven that unconventional business models can be successful, so at the very least thinking through how these could apply to your industry will prepare you for potential competitors. 3. Ask better questions As leaders, we often fall into a default state of assuming our job is to provide answers. We're the men and women that are supposed to make decisions, provide guidance, and answer tough questions. These are important leadership skills, but increasingly, so is asking the right questions. The rapid pace of change increasingly means we as leaders simply cannot have a functional knowledge of every discipline that's required to compete effectively in today's market. A junior designer on our", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00572", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00572", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Women's Preventive Health Awareness Campaign''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Well-woman visits are the foundation on which women's preventive care is built. Such visits include not only specific screening tests, but also a medical history, physical examination, evaluation and counseling, and, as indicated, vaccinations. (2) Over the past 20 years, it has become clear that ``one size does not fit all'' when it comes to prevention. Although a 30-year-old woman without risk factors for cervical cancer may only need a Pap test with HPV co-testing every 5 years, the same woman would need more frequent screening if she were infected with HIV or had a history of cervical cancer precursors. (3) It is only after taking a medical history and evaluating and counseling a patient that a physician can make patient-specific recommendations for screening tests, vaccinations, preventive medications, and other preventive services. (4) Well-woman visits facilitate increased access to health care that is shown to identify chronic disease risk factors, promote well-being, and decrease the likelihood or delay the onset of a targeted disease or condition. (5) Heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death in American women, claiming over 400,000 lives each year, or nearly one death each minute. (6) Women are less than men to receive aggressive diagnosis and treatment for cardiovascular diseases. (7) Women are more than men to have forgone needed health care due to cost. (8) Between 2002 and 2010, screening mammography rates among women in the United States who were 50 years of age to 64 years of age declined from about 79 percent to 73 percent. (9) In 2009, only 53 percent of 18- to 64-year-olds in the United States reported having ever received an HIV test. (10) The proportion of women in the United States 22 years of age to 30 years of age who reported never having had a Pap test increased from 6.6 percent in 2000 to 9.0 percent in 2010 despite current recommendations that they receive a Pap test every three years. (11) In 2007, 29.3 percent of women in the United States delivering a live birth did not receive any prenatal care in the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00853", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00573", "text": "the Treasury of the United States the Public Safety Communications Trust Fund. ``(2) Deposits.--The Fund shall consist of-- ``(A) the amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (f); and ``(B) 50 percent of the proceeds of any auction conducted pursuant to section 309(j) of the Communications Act of 1934 for any bands of frequencies other than those described in paragraph (3), except that such percentage may be reduced in accordance with paragraph (4). ``(3) Excepted frequencies.--The bands of frequencies described in this paragraph are the following: ``(A) the 216-220 megahertz band, the 1432-1435 megahertz band, the 1710-1755 megahertz band, and the 2385-2390 megahertz band of frequencies; and ``(B) any other band of frequencies reallocated from Federal use to non-Federal use after January 1, 2003, that is assigned by competitive bidding pursuant to section 309(j) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 309(j)), except for bands of frequencies previously identified by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration in the Spectrum Reallocation Final Report, NTIA Special Publication 95-32 (1995). ``(4) Reduction of percentage.--If the board of directors submits to the Congress a statement that-- ``(A) projects that the future needs for grants under subsection (c) has been reduced to the extent that the percentage specified in paragraph (2) is to yield a surplus in the fund beyond the amounts needed to meet such needs, and ``(B) specifies a lower percentage that the board estimates to be sufficient to meet such needs (without yielding a surplus), paragraph (2) shall be applied to any auction subject to such paragraph that is conducted after the date of submission of such statement by substituting such lower percentage for 50 percent. ``(5) Fund availability.-- ``(A) Appropriation.--There are hereby appropriated from the Fund such sums as are authorized by the board to be disbursed for grants under this section. ``(B) Reversion of unused funds.--Any grant proceeds that remain unexpended at the end of the grant period as determined under subsection (c)(3) shall revert to and be deposited in the Fund. ``(b) Board of Directors.-- ``(1) Establishment.--The Fund shall be administered by the Administrator of the NTIA, in consultation with a board of directors", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00840", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00574", "text": "We present radio observations and optical spectroscopy of the giant low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy PGC 045080 (or 1300+0144). PGC 045080 is a moderately distant galaxy having a highly inclined optical disk and massive HI gas content. Radio continuum observations of the galaxy were carried out at 320 MHz, 610 MHz and 1.4 GHz. Continuum emission was detected and mapped in the galaxy. The emission appears extended over the inner disk at all three frequencies. At 1.4 GHz and 610 MHz it have two distinct lobes. We also did optical spectroscopy of the galaxy nucleus; the spectrum did not show any strong emission lines associated with AGN activity but the presence of a weak AGN cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, comparison of the H$\\alpha$ flux and radio continuum at 1.4 GHz suggests that a significant fraction of the emission is non-thermal in nature. Hence we conclude that a weak or hidden AGN may be present in PGC 045080. The extended radio emission represents lobes/jets from the AGN. These observations show that although LSB galaxies are metal poor and have very little star formation, their centers can host significant AGN activity. We also mapped the HI gas disk and velocity field in PGC 045080. The HI disk extends well beyond the optical disk and appears warped. In the HI intensity maps, the disk appears distinctly lopsided. The velocity field is disturbed on the lopsided side of the disk but is fairly uniform in the other half. We derived the HI rotation curve for the galaxy from the velocity field. The rotation curve has a flat rotation speed of ~ 190 km/s.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00136", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00575", "text": "The very insightful Trivers-Willard hypothesis, proposed in the early 1970s, states that females in good physiological conditions are more to produce male offspring, when the variance of reproductive success amongst males is high. A number of studies, aimed at its experimental verification, have found adequate supportive evidence in its favour. Theoretical investigations, however, have been few, because formulating a population-genetic model for describing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis turns out to be surprisingly complex. The present study describes a minimal population genetic model to explore one specific scenario, viz. how is the preference for a male offspring by females in good condition altered when 'g', the proportion of such females in the population changes from a low to a high value. As expected, when the proportion of such females is low, i.e., for low values of 'g', the Trivers-Willard (TW) strategy goes to fixation against the equal investment strategy. This holds true up to gmax, a critical value of 'g', above which the two strategies coexist, but the proportion of the TW strategy steadily decreases as 'g' increases to unity. Similarly, when the effect of well-endowed males attaining disproportionately high number of matings is more pronounced, the TW strategy is more to go to fixation. Interestingly, the success of the TW strategy has a complex dependence on the variance in the physiological condition of females. If the difference in the two types of conditions is not large, TW strategy is favoured, and its success is more as the difference increases. However, beyond a critical value of the difference, the TW strategy is found to be less and less to succeed as the difference becomes larger. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00467", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00576", "text": "We present a new, deep (V ~ 26) study of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 2419 based on B,V,I time-series CCD photometry over about 10 years and extending beyond the cluster published tidal radius. We have identified 101 variable stars of which 60 are new discoveries, doubling the known RR Lyrae stars and including 12 SX Phoenicis stars. The average period of the RR Lyrae stars (<Pab>=0.662 d, and <Pc>=0.366 d, for fundamental-mode -RRab- and first-overtone pulsators, respectively), and the position in the period-amplitude diagram both confirm that NGC 2419 is an Oosterhoff II cluster. The average apparent magnitude of the RR Lyrae stars is <V>=20.31 +/- 0.01 (sigma=0.06, 67 stars) and leads to the distance modulus (m-M)o=19.60 +/- 0.05. The Color-Magnitude Diagram, reaching about 2.6 mag below the cluster turn-off, does not show clear evidence of multiple stellar populations. Cluster stars are found until r~ 10.5', and as far as r~15', suggesting that the literature tidal radius be underestimated. No extra-tidal structures are clearly detected in the data. NGC 2419 has many blue stragglers and a well populated horizontal branch extending from the RR Lyrae stars down to an extremely blue tail ending with the \"blue-hook\", for the first time recognized in this cluster. The red giant branch is narrow ruling out significant metallicity spreads. Our results seem to disfavor the interpretation of NGC 2419 as either having an extragalactic origin or being the relict of a dwarf galaxy tidally disrupted by the Milky Way.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 373, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00124", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00577", "text": "existed to make such promises in the first place, and because Congress has never ratified or acquiesced to this promise, we have no alternative but to uphold the judgment against the retirees' breach-of-contract claim.... Congress will consider using its legal power to address the moral claims raised by Schism and Reinlie on their own behalf, and indirectly for other affected retirees.''. (4) Only the United States Congress can make good on the promises recruiters made in good faith to plaintiffs and others of the World War II and Korean War era. (5) Statutes enacted in 1956 allowed those who entered service on or after December 7, 1956, and retired after serving a minimum of 20 years or by reason of a service-connected disability to medical and dental care in any facility of the uniformed services, subject to the availability of space and facilities and the capabilities of the medical and dental staff. (6) Recruiters, re-enlistment counselors, and officers at all levels of the uniformed services, and other government officials, as agents of the United States Government, continued to allow members who entered the uniformed services to believe they would be entitled to fully paid lifetime health care upon retirement, despite enactment of statutes in 1956, subsequent statutes, and the issuance of regulations that defined and limited the availability of medical care to retired members of the uniformed services. (7) After 4 rounds of base closures between 1988 and 1995 and further drawdowns of remaining military medical treatment facilities, access to ``space available'' health care in a military medical treatment facility is difficult or virtually nonexistent for many military retirees. (8) The failure to provide adequate health care upon retirement is preventing the retired members of the uniformed services from recommending, without reservation, that young men and women make a career of any military service. (9) Although provisions in the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (as enacted into law by Public Law 106-398) extended coverage under the TRICARE program to medicare eligible military retirees age 65 and older, those provisions did not address the health care needs of military retirees under the age of 65. (10) The United States should make good on the promises recruiters made in good faith in the World War II and Korean War era and reestablish high quality health care for all retired members of the uniformed services. SEC.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00973", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00578", "text": "or act performed for ritual or obligation all rob our limited mental bandwidth, and many perform these actions unquestioningly. If you allocate your focus as you see fit, and actively choose what you want to focus on, you'll be in command of your mental bandwidth even when faced with unmovable obligations ranging from work to civic duties. SEE: Time management tips for tech professionals (free PDF) (TechRepublic) 3. Do a bandwidth cost/benefit Most of us are awash in meeting requests and accept without question. Everyone complains about excessive meetings, yet it's often a guilty pleasure to summon a group at your whim, or join a discussion under the assumption that your input is necessary and valuable. In the worst case, this extend to accepting vague requests for \"coffee\" or \"catch-up\" sessions without thinking through whether the commitment is worth the cost in allocating your focus elsewhere. The world is awash in advice on how to make meetings more productive; simply asking yourself whether requesting or attending is worth the cost in mental bandwidth is a great start. 4. Plan for focus time There are tasks that require great focus, whether performing precision or dangerous manual work, or designing a complex system or bit of code. Or, you may need to spend some time with a small group, free from distraction. Book a block in your calendar, shut off your phone, move to a different physical location, or do whatever is required to create the right circumstances to have the necessary focus to get the job done. Creating the right environment and circumstances can be a critical element in how you'll deploy your mental bandwidth to achieve the best result. 5. Know when to throw in the towel Thankfully, most work cultures are evolving away from rewarding \"time served\" to outcomes produced, but for many of us it can be tempting to put in the extra hour at the office, or delay vacations for what's perceived as a critical set of meetings or deadlines. Trying to squeeze out the last ounce of mental bandwidth can be tempting in the moment, but it's ultimately an effort with rapidly diminishing returns. Calling it a night, taking that long-delayed vacation, or even the simple act of a quick walk around the office will recharge your mental energy and make you more effective in the long run. 6. Don't make assumptions about your team A locked door and giant pair of headphones be just the thing you need to focus and deploy your mental energies most effectively. It can be tempting to assume", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00570", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00579", "text": "of limitations from prosecuting a perpetrator of the sexual assault for the sexual assault. ``(B) Personally identifiable information.--The Attorney General shall ensure that the Registry does not include personally identifiable information or details about a sexual assault that lead to the identification of the individuals involved, except the information listed in subparagraph (A). ``(3) Sample identification number.-- ``(A) In general.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information about a sample of sexual assault evidence into the Registry shall assign to the sample a unique numeric or alphanumeric identifier. ``(B) Unique identifier required.--In assigning the identifier under subparagraph (A), a State or unit of local government may use a case-numbering system used for other purposes, but the Attorney General shall ensure that the identifier assigned to each sample is unique with respect to all samples entered by all States and units of local government. ``(4) Update of information.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information about a sample of sexual assault evidence into the Registry shall, not later than 30 days after a change in the status of the sample referred to in paragraph (2)(A)(v), update such status. ``(5) Internet access.--The Attorney General shall make publicly available, on an appropriate Internet website, aggregate non-individualized and non-personally identifying data compiled from information required to be entered into the registry under paragraph (2)(A), to allow for comparison of backlog data by State and unit of local government. ``(6) Technical assistance.--The Attorney General shall-- ``(A) provide a means by which an entity that does not have access to the Internet may enter information into the Registry; and ``(B) provide the technical assistance necessary to allow States and units of local government to participate in the Registry. ``(7) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require that any State or unit of local government participate in the Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence Registry established under this subsection unless the State or unit of local government-- ``(A) accepts a grant awarded under subsection (n); or ``(B) the State or unit of local government expressly agrees to participate in the registry in accordance with the conditions enumerated in this subsection.''. (b) Funding.--Section 2(j) of the DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 14135(j)) is amended-- (1) by inserting ``and for carrying out subsection (o)'' after ``for grants", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00857", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00580", "text": "The original formulation of the (weak) anthropic principle was prompted by a question about objective time at a macroscopic level, namely the age of the universe when ``anthropic'' observers such as ourselves would be most to emerge. Theoretical interpretation of what one observes requires the theory to indicate what is expected, which will commonly depend on where, and particularly when, the observation can be expected to occur. In response to the question of where and when, the original version of the anthropic principle proposed an {it a priori} probability weighting proportional to the number of ``anthropic'' observers present. The present discussion takes up the question of the time unit characterising the biological clock controlling our subjective internal time, using a revised alternative to a line of argument due to Press, who postulated that animal size is limited by the brittleness of bone. On the basis of a static support condition depending on the tensile strength of flesh rather than bone, it is reasoned here that our size should be subject to a limit inversely proportional to the terrestrial gravitation field g, which is itself found to be proportional (with a factor given by the 5/2 power of the fine structure constant) to the gravitational coupling constant.This provides an animal size limit that will in all cases be of the order of a thousandth of the maximum mountain height, which will itself be of the order of a thousandth of the planetary radius. The upshot, via the (strong) anthropic principle, is that the need for brains, and therefore planets, that are large in terms of baryon number may be what explains the weakness of gravity relative to electromagnetism.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 335, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00475", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00581", "text": "\"This is the process by which a particular asset exists in an ecosystem, and you can vet and verify it using the blockchain.\" So you use the Ethereum blockchain. Dicker: We use the ERC-20. Patterson: Yeah, so explain to me how that applies to Po.et, not just in terms of content, but you are building a content library. Why did you elect to use Ethereum? What are some of the advantages of that? And, is this the next emerging hot blockchain? Dicker: So I want to back up and just make it clear. We stamp on the Bitcoin blockchain because it's the most secure blockchain. We leverage Ethereum for ERC-20 tokens because Po.et is a token dynamic-type model. In that, to build reputation, we need to build incentive systems, and that's why the Po.et token exists to help fuel and challenge the marketplace in order to get the best content up and the worst content down. with Ethereum, the most interesting thing that's happening is that they are opening up with these ERC-20 tokens and beyond, the opportunity for people to build their technologies on top of it. And that's where you've kind of seen a huge movement towards that blockchain and the opportunities of that blockchain. There's also companies like ConsenSys out in Bushwick, that are building right on top of this, companies for every single pocket of the industry that could leverage blockchain for proof, right, of value and really what it could really become. That is definitely happening to answer your question. Like that trend is moving and there's a lot of accessibility there. Now that being said, we're way off, right, from building scalable blockchain solutions when it comes to enterprise and conversations that we would have had three years ago when I was at The Washington Post in talking about technologies built there. So that is somewhat exciting because I don't believe that we are dead set on one blockchain for anything. SEE: Blockchain: An insider's guide (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Po.et's ambitions and the partnerships that we have and others that are building on top of the work that we're doing, are kind of opening up the same opportunity. Look, Po.et is build a protocol that is helping build reputation on the web. And if you want to help leverage that, to help build reputation within your applications, then you should build on Po.et. There's a company called Encrypt that's building on top of Po.et, which", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00530", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00582", "text": "Because Spitzer is an Earth-trailing orbit, losing about 0.1 AU/yr, it is excellently located to perform microlens parallax observations toward the Magellanic Clouds (LMC/SMC) and the Galactic bulge. These yield the so-called ``projected velocity'' of the lens, which can distinguish statistically among different populations. A few such measurements toward the LMC/SMC would reveal the nature of the lenses being detected in this direction (dark halo objects, or ordinary LMC/SMC stars). Cool Spitzer has already made one such measurement of a (rare) bright red-clump source, but warm (presumably less oversubscribed) Spitzer could devote the extra time required to obtain microlens parallaxes for the more common, but fainter, turnoff sources. Warm Spitzer could observe bulge microlenses for 38 days per year, which would permit up to 24 microlens parallaxes per year. This would yield interesting information on the disk mass function, particularly old brown dwarfs, which at present are inaccessible by other techniques. Target-of-Opportunity (TOO) observations should be divided into RTOO/DTOO, i.e., ``regular'' and ``disruptive'' TOOs, as pioneered by the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). LMC/SMC parallax measurements would be DTOO, but bulge measurements would be RTOO, i.e., they scheduled in advance, without knowing exactly which star was to be observed.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00180", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00583", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS. (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Christopher Bryski Student Loan Protection Act'' or ``Christopher's Law''. (b) Findings.--Congress finds the following: (1) According to the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (hereafter referred to as the ``CFPB'') Student Loan Ombudsman: (A) ``The CFPB received more than 3,100 private student loan complaints and approximately 1,100 debt collection complaints related to student loans between October 1, 2014, and March 31, 2015.''. (B) ``Co-signers complain that information about discharge or alternative arrangements in the case of death of the primary borrower is not readily available and that decisions are made on a case-by-case basis, giving co-signers little understanding of how the process works, or if they will be successful.''. (C) ``The complaints and input received by the CFPB resemble many of the same issues experienced by mortgage borrowers, such as improper application of payments, untimeliness in error resolution, and inability to contact appropriate personnel in times of hardship.''. (D) ``The difference between federal and private student loans in periods of disability was not well- understood.''. (2) An estimated 1,700,000 people sustain a traumatic brain injury each year, with older adolescents aged 15 to 19 years old more to sustain a traumatic brain injury than other age groups. (3) It has been estimated that the annual incidence of spinal cord injury, not including those who die at the scene of an accident, is approximately 40 cases per 1,000,000 people in the United States or approximately 12,000 new cases each year. These injuries can lead to permanent disability or loss of movement and can prohibit the victim from engaging in any substantial gainful activity. (4) According to the CFPB, more than 90 percent of new private student loans are co-signed. (5) According to the CFPB, private student loan companies provide co-signer release to less than 1 percent of eligible borrowers. SEC. 2. ADDITIONAL STUDENT LOAN PROTECTIONS. (a) In General.--Section 140 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1650) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(g) Additional Protections Rel", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01065", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00584", "text": "chapter 227 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ``3581. Mandatory sentence for felony against individual of age sixty- five or over.''. (c) Conforming Amendments to Rules of Procedure.-- (1) Rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure is amended-- (A) by adding at the end of the first paragraph in paragraph (1) the following new sentence: ``Neither the defendant nor the court may waive a presentence investigation and report unless there is in the record information sufficient for the court to determine whether a mandatory sentence must be imposed pursuant to title 18, United States Code, section 3581.''; and (B) in paragraph (2)(D), by inserting after ``the offense'' the following: ``and information relating to whether any victim of the offense had attained age 65 on the date that the offense was committed''. (2) Rule 11(e)(1) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure is amended by striking out ``The'' after ``In General.'' and inserting in lieu thereof ``Except as provided in title 18, United States Code, section 3581, the''. SEC. 102. DEATH PENALTY. In any case in which Federal law punishes conduct that is murder in the first degree, as defined in section 1111 of title 18, United States Code, shall, in addition to any penalties imposed by the provision of law prohibiting that conduct, be subject to the penalty of death. When the Government seeks a sentence of death under this section, the procedures with respect to death penalties under section 903 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 shall, as nearly as may be, apply with respect to death penalties under this section. TITLE II--FRAUD SEC. 201. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. (a) Participation in the Financial Crimes Enforcement Center.--The Federal Trade Commission shall participate in, and be on the receiving list of law enforcement products of, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Center of the Department of the Treasury. (b) Venue.--Subsections (a) and (b) of section 13 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 53) are each amended by adding at the end the following: ``Whenever it the court that the interests of justice require that any other person, partnership, or corporation should be a party in such suit", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01083", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00585", "text": "for the revitalization of the housing construction industry and related industries; and (5) to remedy the discriminatory practices of construction unions by providing for the establishment of special procedures for employing individuals to construct and revitalize public housing. SEC. 3. CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC HOUSING. Section 5 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(m)(1) The Secretary shall carry out a program for the construction of 500,000 new dwelling units in public housing during each of the fiscal years 1994 through 2003. ``(2) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1994 through 2003. Any amount appropriated under this paragraph shall remain available until expended.''. SEC. 4. REVITALIZATION OF PUBLIC HOUSING. Section 14(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(3)(A) To the extent approved in appropriation Acts and subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall make available and contract to make available financial assistance under this subsection, in addition to the financial assistance made available under paragraphs (1) and (2). In making assistance available under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give particular preference to public housing agencies requesting such assistance for public housing projects that the Secretary determines would have been subject to demolition or disposition under section 18, as such section was in effect before the date of the enactment of the Jesse Gray Housing Act. ``(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the aggregate amount of budget authority that may be obligated for contracts for annual contributions is increased on October 1 of each of the years 1993 through 2002 by the amount necessary to provide for the revitalization of 100,000 dwelling units in public housing during each of the fiscal years 1994 through 2003, respectively.''. SEC. 5. PROHIBITION OF DEMOLITION AND DISPOSITION OF PUBLIC HOUSING. (a) In General.--Section 18(a) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 is amended by striking all that follows ``project'' the second place it appears and inserting a period. (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 18 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 is amended-- (1) by striking subsections (b) and", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01019", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00586", "text": "Close pre-main-sequence binary stars are expected to clear central holes in their protoplanetary disks, but the extent to which material can flow from the circumbinary disk across the gap onto the individual circumstellar disks has been unclear. In binaries with eccentric orbits, periodic perturbation of the outer disk is predicted to induce mass flow across the gap, resulting in accretion that varies with the binary period. This accretion may manifest itself observationally as periodic changes in luminosity. Here we present a search for such periodic accretion in the pre-main-sequence spectroscopic binary UZ Tau E. We present BVRI photometry spanning three years; we find that the brightness of UZ Tau E is clearly periodic, with a best-fit period of 19.16 +/- 0.04 days. This is consistent with the spectroscopic binary period of 19.13 days, refined here from analysis of new and existing radial velocity data. The brightness of UZ Tau E shows significant random variability, but the overall periodic pattern is a broad peak in enhanced brightness, spanning more than half the binary orbital period. The variability of the H-alpha line is not as clearly periodic, but given the sparseness of the data, some periodic component is not ruled out. The photometric variations are in good agreement with predictions from simulations of binaries with orbital parameters similar to those of UZ Tau E, suggesting that periodic accretion does occur from circumbinary disks, replenishing the inner disks and extending the timescale over which they form planets.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00005", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00587", "text": "\"You do see more and more guys trying it because it's a high-quality scoring chance. Guys figure out trends now. They kind of figure them out a little quicker than they used to, which isn't great for us.\" Jonathan Quick led the Los Angeles Kings to two Cups by using the Reverse VH and taking advantage of his Gumby-like athleticism. The stance, which originated in Sweden a few years before, took off in the NHL after Quick won the Cup in 2012 and now it's a go-to for most goalies. Goaltending analyst Justin Goldman points out that when a skater is coming down the ice, there's actually more room for the puck on the short side than the far side because there's less distance for it to travel. More short-side goals isn't a result of the Reverse VH being a bad stance, but instead he believes it's goalies overusing it and losing the cat-and-mouse game between them and shooters. Too often goalies drop to their knees into the Reverse VH and become sitting ducks for Alex Ovechkin, Sidney Crosby, Joe Pavelski and some of the best snipers around. \"The shooter knows the goalie's going to drop into this stance, which means he can release a puck a half a second or a half a step sooner than usual and he knows what his target is before he even looks up and sees where the goalie is,\" Goldman said. \"They're almost over-anticipating what a shooter is going to do before he actually does it and the shooter has the capacity now, he has the wherewithal and he has the accuracy to pick that spot.\" Darling thinks some goalies are still mastering the relatively new Reverse VH, and 2006 Cup-winner Cam Ward of the Carolina Hurricanes acknowledged he still uses the old VH style because he's more comfortable in it. Ward looks at Tuukka Rask of the Boston Bruins as someone who can push side-to-side with power out of the Reverse VH, and Goldman called 2013 Vezina winner Sergei Bobrovsky of the Columbus Blue Jackets the \"posterchild\" for doing it right. \"It's a tough position to get fully square, but when the puck's behind the net it gives you good coverage for pass outs and things like that,\" Philadelphia goaltender Steven Mason said. \"It's complicated, but sometimes it can be overused.\" Flyers teammate Jakub Voracek said he just shoots", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00770", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00588", "text": "We report the first time-series of broadband infrared (IR) color measurements of Sgr A*, the variable emission source associated with the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center. Using the laser and natural guide star AO systems on the Keck II telescope, we imaged Sgr A* in multiple near-infrared broadband filters with a typical cycle time of ~3 min during 4 observing runs (2005-2006), two of which were simultaneous with Chandra X-ray measurements. In spite of the large range of dereddened flux densities for Sgr A* (2-30 mJy), all of our near-IR measurements are consistent with a constant spectral index of alpha = -0.6+-0.2. Furthermore, this value is consistent with the spectral indices observed at X-ray wavelengths during nearly all outbursts; which is consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton model for the production of the X-ray emission. During the coordinated observations, one IR outburst occurs <36 min after a associated X-ray outburst, while several similar IR outbursts show no elevated X-ray emission. A variable X-ray to IR ratio and constant infrared spectral index challenge the notion that the IR and X-ray emission are connected to the same electrons. We, therefore, posit that the population of electrons responsible for both the IR and X-ray emission are generated by an acceleration mechanism that leaves the bulk of the electron energy distribution responsible for the IR emission unchanged, but has a variable high-energy cutoff. Occasionally a tail of electrons >1 GeV is generated, and it is this high-energy tail that gives rise to the X-ray outbursts. One possible explanation for this type of variation is from the turbulence induced by a magnetorotational instability, in which the outer scale length of the turbulence varies and changes the high-energy cutoff.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00249", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00589", "text": "ray reviewed the memo over the weekend. Rep. Trey Gowdy, R-S.C., who was with Wray when he reviewed the memo, said the FBI director did not raise any national security concerns with him. Gowdy said the memo doesn't reveal any intelligence methods but it does reveal \"one source.\" But Rep. Adam Schiff of California, the ranking Democrat on the committee, said Wray told him Monday that the review didn't satisfy his concerns about the memo's release. Wray wanted to brief the committee about FBI and Justice Department concerns ahead of any release, a request committee Republicans blocked, Schiff said. On Tuesday, White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders pushed back on reports that the release was imminent, saying the White House has no \"current plans\" to do so. \"The President has not seen or been briefed on the memo or reviewed its contents,\" she said. A senior White House official said the National Security Council is leading an interagency review of the memo. If Trump decides to release the memo, it made public as early as Wednesday afternoon, said the official who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss confidential internal deliberations. So far, the official said, the Justice Department is the only agency opposing its release. Asked Tuesday about the department's position on the memo's release, Justice Department spokeswoman Sarah Isgur Flores declined comment. Republicans said they are confident the release won't harm national security. They also said they would not release the underlying intelligence that informed the memo. \"You'll see for yourself that it's not necessary,\" said Texas Rep. Mike Conaway of Texas, who's leading the House's Russia investigation. But Schiff said the memo's release could compromise intelligence sources and methods. Some Republican senators have also said they don't want to release the memo, and Democrats have pushed back on Republican criticism of the FBI, saying it is an attempt to discredit Mueller's investigation. The probe has already resulted in charges against four of Trump's former campaign advisers and has recently moved closer to Trump's inner circle. In response, Democrats on the panel have put together their own memo. On Monday, the committee voted to make the Democratic memo available to all House members — but not the public. Conaway said he was open to making it public after House members have a chance to review it. Separately Tuesday, the House committee's interview with former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon was delayed, according to two people familiar with the decision. The people spoke", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00723", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00590", "text": "for login credentials. Log in with the user admin and the password you set when you created admin user earlier. You can also login with the non-admin user you created. There is actually no difference between the users (which a deal-breaker for some). One thing to note: If you need more users, you'll create them from the command line (in similar fashion as you did above). For every user you need to add to Trac, issue the command: sudo htdigest /var/lib/trac/test/.htdigest \"test\" USER Where USER is the username. The above command will add the user to the project test. If you need to create more projects, you must go back through the process of creating a new project directory and then add users to it. Once you've successfully authenticated, you'll be presented with the Trac web interface, were you can begin working (Figure A). Figure A You can now go to Preferences and configure your installation of Trac. Once you've completed that, you can begin creating new tickets. If you get the (please configure the [header_logo] section in trac.ini) error, you can configure this with the command: sudo nano /var/lib/trac/test/conf/trac.ini In that file, you'll see the section: [header_logo] alt = (please configure the [header_logo] section in trac.ini) height = -1 link = src = site/your_project_logo.png width = -1 That is where you'll configure a header logo to suit your company. SEE: IT project management: 10 ways to stay under budget (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Congratulations You now have your Trac system up and running. Although you find systems with more features (and a more powerful configuration system), Trac is very simple to set up and use. If you're looking for a basic ticketing system that can serve as a project management tool, Trac just fit the bill. Automatically sign up for TechRepublic's Open Source Weekly Newsletter for more hot tips and tricks. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 420, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00506", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00591", "text": "an agency has prepared an initial or final regulatory flexibility analysis pursuant to section 603 or 604 of title 5, United States Code; and (3) ``independent evaluation'' means a substantive evaluation of the agency's and the public's data, methodology, and assumptions used in developing the economically significant rule, and any additional evaluation that the Comptroller General determines to be necessary, including-- (A) an explanation of how any strengths or weaknesses in those data, methodology, and assumptions support or detract from conclusions reached by the agency; and (B) the implications, if any, of those strengths or weaknesses for the rulemaking. SEC. 4. REPORT ON RULES. (a) In General.-- (1) Request for review.--When an agency publishes an economically significant rule, a chairman or ranking member of a committee of jurisdiction of either House of Congress may request the Comptroller General of the United States to review the rule. (2) Report.--The Comptroller General shall submit a report on each economically significant rule selected under paragraph (4) to the committees of jurisdiction in each House of Congress not later than 180 calendar days after a committee request is received, or in the case of a request for review of a notice of proposed rulemaking or an interim final rulemaking, by not later than the end of the 60-calendar-day period beginning on the date the committee request is received, or the end of the period for submission of comment regarding the rulemaking, whichever is later. The report shall include an independent evaluation of the economically significant rule by the Comptroller General. (3) Independent evaluation.--The independent evaluation of the economically significant rule by the Comptroller General under paragraph (2) shall include-- (A) an evaluation of the potential benefits of the rule, including any beneficial effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities to receive the benefits; (B) an evaluation of the potential costs of the rule, including any adverse effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities to bear the costs; (C) an evaluation of any alternative approaches that could achieve the same goal in a more cost- effective manner or that could provide greater net benefits, and, if applicable, a brief explanation of any statutory reasons why such alternatives could not be adopted; (D) an evaluation of the regulatory impact analysis, federalism assessment, or other analysis", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01119", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00592", "text": "We present high-resolution observations made with the Very Large Array (VLA) in its A configuration at frequencies between 5 and 43 GHz of a sample of five massive young stellar objects (YSOs): LkHa101, NGC2024-IRS2, S106-IR, W75N and S140-IRS1. The resolution varied from 0.04 arcsec (at 43 GHz) to 0.5 arcsec (at 5 GHz), corresponding to a linear resolution as high as 17 AU for our nearest source. A MERLIN observation of S106-IR at 23 GHz with 0.03-arcsec resolution is also presented. S106-IR and S140-IRS1 are elongated at 43 GHz perpendicular to their large scale bipolar outflows. This confirms the equatorial wind picture for these sources seen previously in MERLIN 5 GHz observations. The other sources are marginally resolved at 43 GHz. The spectral indices we derive for the sources in our sample range from +0.2 to +0.8, generally consistent with ionized stellar winds. We have modelled our sources as uniform, isothermal spherical winds, with LkHa101 and NGC2024-IRS2 yielding the best fits. However, in all cases our fits give wind temperatures of only 2000 to 5000 K, much less than the effective temperatures of main-sequence stars of the same luminosity, a result which is due to the clumpy nature of the winds.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00199", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00593", "text": "-oriented methodology for coaching you, you will want look at other options. One of the more established management coaching methods is goals-reality-options-will, or GROW. GROW was first developed in the UK in the 1980s. In the process, the person being coached develops goals that they would like to attain, and identifies the obstacles that have prevented attainment. In step two, the person and coach look at the realities of the situation. In step three, the person works with a coach to discover options, such as what would happen if the obstacles didn't exist, or what else they could do, and in step four a specific goal attainment plan with timelines is developed. Pursue your coaching in a trusted environment I once worked alongside a vice president colleague who told me she asked the CEO for assertiveness training. She had many great ideas, was frequently drowned out in meetings, and it was beneficial for her and the company that she get the training. Unfortunately, she also ended up reinforcing her boss' opinions of her non-assertiveness by asking for the training. If you are in a situation like this, it be more advantageous for you to invest on your own in a career coach. SEE: How to build a successful CIO career (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Final remarks Management consultant Peter Drucker once said, \"Efficiency is doing the thing right. Effectiveness is doing the right thing.\" To get there, managers pursue coaching in areas that range from developing self-confidence in meetings and in interactions with others, to learning how to better balance their personal and professional lives. By engaging with a personal coach, managers can attain better results—and that's good news for companies and employees, too. For more business and leadership advice, subscribe to our Executive Briefing newsletter. Subscribe Also see:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00589", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00594", "text": "We use a nonperturbative extended contractor renormalization (ENCORE) method for engineering quantum devices for the implementation of topologically protected quantum bits described by an effective quantum dimer model on the triangular lattice. By tuning the couplings of the device, topological protection be achieved if the ratio between effective two-dimer interactions and flip amplitudes lies in the liquid phase of the phase diagram of the quantum dimer model. For a proposal based on a quantum Josephson junction array [L. B. Ioffe {\\it et al.}, Nature (London) {\\bf 415}, 503 (2002)] our results show that optimal operational temperatures below 1 mK can only be obtained if extra interactions and dimer flips, which are not present in the standard quantum dimer model and involve three or four dimers, are included. It is unclear if these extra terms in the quantum dimer Hamiltonian destroy the liquid phase needed for quantum computation. Minimizing the effects of multi-dimer terms would require energy scales in the nano-Kelvin regime. An alternative implementation based on cold atomic or molecular gases loaded into optical lattices is also discussed, and it is shown that the small energy scales involved--implying long operational times--make such a device impractical. Given the many orders of magnitude between bare couplings in devices, and the topological gap, the realization of topological phases in quantum devices requires careful engineering and large bare interaction scales.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00424", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00595", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Medicare Payment Update for Certified Nurse-Midwives Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) Medicare covers approximately 2 million women with disabilities that are of childbearing age. (2) Women with disabilities give birth to 50,000 children annually. (3) The Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research reports that these women are without appropriate access to primary care services. (4) Their average time between gynecological visits was 10- 12 years. (5) They were less to have received a recent mammogram. (6) The medicare program reimburses Certified Nurse Midwives (CNMs) at 65 percent of the physician fee schedule, on average, only $14 per annual exam. (7) CNMs who serve these women are forced to subsidize care with their own money or turn away patients because they cannot afford to operate at a financial loss. (8) Professional liability premiums for CNMs are skyrocketing, leaving no monies to subsidize care. (9) CNMs are forced to leave the marketplace as other public and private payers adopt Medicare payment policies. (10) Midwives are highly educated and available to serve this special population. SEC. 3. MEDICARE PAYMENT FOR CERTIFIED NURSE-MIDWIFE AND MIDWIFE SERVICES. (a) Certified Midwife, Certified Midwife Services Defined.--(1) Section 1861(gg) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(gg)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: ``(3) The term `certified midwife services' means such services furnished by a certified midwife (as defined in paragraph (4)) and such services and supplies furnished as an incident to the certified midwife's service which the certified midwife is legally authorized to perform under State law (or the State regulatory mechanism provided by State law) as would otherwise be payable under this title if furnished by a physician or as an incident to a physician's service. ``(4) The term `certified midwife' means an individual who has successfully completed a bachelor's degree from an accredited educational institution and a program of study and clinical experience meeting guidelines prescribed by the Secretary, or has been certified by an organization recognized by the Secretary.''. (2) The heading in section 1861", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01147", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00596", "text": "Washington. President Johnson, at the White House meeting where he first learned of the Tet Offensive, was urged to make sure General Loan kept his job as national police chief, despite criticism from American officials in Saigon who had previously sparred with him over security issues and his heavy-handed behavior. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara said, \"I recommend that we need to keep General Loan in charge of the Saigon police. He should not be removed, as some of our people in the State Department are recommending. At least until we find someone better.\" CIA Director Richard Helms said, \"I agree.\" McNamara said, \"He is the best security chief since Diem's time. He has cleaned up Saigon well.\" Secretary of State Dean Rusk said, \"He is a good police chief, but he has been rather uncooperative with some of our people.\" Standing alongside General Loan in the late morning heat on a street empty of traffic and civilians, as gunfire echoed around the silent buildings, Adams saw a group of helmeted police talking loudly as they approached with a handcuffed Vietnamese man in civilian clothes in their midst. They placed him in front of the general who questioned him briefly. Adams saw that the police chief was holding a.38-caliber revolver in his right hand, and watched as the officer's right arm swung up. So, too, did Adams' hands swing up, clutching his camera. He snapped a picture as General Loan murdered the prisoner standing in front of him with a single shot to the head. The general turned to Adams and said, \"These guys kill a lot of our people, and Buddha will forgive me,\" and walked away. The NBC crew, camera rolling, caught the whole sequence of events on film. I was at the Saigon AP bureau when Adams returned with his film. He was pale-faced, wide-eyed. \"I just saw something unbelievable. But I don't know if I got the picture,\" he said. Fifteen minutes later his film emerged from the darkroom, revealing the horrifying image Adams had captured, the photo of South Vietnam's top police official with his outstretched arm holding a firearm inches from the face of a man whose head had been snapped back the split second a bullet entered his brain. The photograph was quickly fed into the Associated Press's international news distribution service and used widely in newspapers and on television. The victim was later identified as Nguyen Van Lem, said to be the leader", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00812", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00597", "text": "mental and physical injury to a victim and his or her family, demonstrated by a study that found that 83 percent of victims represented by an attorney were able to obtain a protective order compared to 32 percent of victims without an attorney. (9) The American Bar Association Model Rules include commentary that ``every lawyer, regardless of professional prominence or professional workload, has a responsibility to provide legal services to those unable to pay, and personal involvement in the problems of the disadvantaged can be one of the most rewarding experiences in the life of a lawyer''. (10) As representatives of the Department of Justice, the duty of United States Attorneys is to present ``equal and impartial justice to all its citizens,'' which should include, especially, survivors of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking who not otherwise know how to seek advice and protection. (11) As Federal leaders who have knowledge of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking in their localities, United States Attorneys should encourage lawyers to provide pro bono resources in an effort to help victims of such violence or behavior to escape the cycle of abuse. (12) A dedicated army of pro bono attorneys focused on this mission will inspire others to devote efforts to this cause and will raise awareness of the scourge of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking throughout the country. (13) Communities, by providing awareness of pro bono legal services and assistance to survivors of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking, will empower those survivors to move forward with their lives. SEC. 3. U.S. ATTORNEYS TO PROMOTE EMPOWERMENT EVENTS. (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and not less often than once each year thereafter, each United States Attorney, or his or her designee, for each judicial district shall lead not less than 1 public event, in partnership with a State, local, tribal, or territorial domestic violence service provider or coalition and a State or local volunteer lawyer project, promoting pro bono legal services as a critical way in which to empower survivors of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking and engage citizens in assisting those survivors. (b) Districts Containing Indian Tribes and Tribal Organizations.-- During each 3-year period, a United States Attorney, or his or her designee, for a judicial district that contains an Indian tribe or tribal", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01013", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00598", "text": "the most any man managed to accumulate was the 14 for Pete Sampras; he now stands No. 3, behind Federer and Rafael Nadal with 16. There's also that constant work to evolve and improve, most notably during his recent renaissance by adding versatility to his backhand side with a flatter, more powerful shot than his long-preferred slice. And there's the longevity, which is particularly impressive in light of the recent injury woes for the younger members of tennis' elite: Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka. At 36½, Federer is now the second-oldest man to win a Grand Slam title in the Open era — Ken Roswell won Australia in 1972 at 37. And after going more than four years without a trophy, he's added three in the span of four appearances at majors (he skipped last year's French Open and sounds like someone contemplating doing so again in a few months' time). \"I don't think age is an issue, per se. It's just a number,\" he said Sunday. \"But I need to be very careful in my planning, really decide beforehand what are my goals, what are my priorities. that's what's going to dictate how successful I will be.\" Federer was asked how long he thinks he can continue playing at this level. \"No idea. Honest, I don't know. I have no idea. I've won three Slams now in 12 months. I can't believe it myself,\" he said. \"I just got to keep a good schedule, stay hungry, then good things can happen.\" Take a look at the way Federer earned his sixth Australian Open championship, tying the men's record for most in history, to go along with his unprecedented eight Wimbledons, five U.S. Opens (tied for the most in the professional era) and one French Open. After letting a lead slip away and getting outplayed by Cilic the fourth set, Federer faced some danger in the opening game of the decider in the form of two break points. \"Momentum,\" Cilic would say later, \"was on my side.\" Right when nerves would figure to be most frayed, Federer was steadier. On the initial break chance there, Cilic got a look at a 104 mph second serve and dumped a forehand return into", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00798", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00599", "text": "In a previous paper (Gavignaud et al. 2006), we presented the type-1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) sample obtained from the first epoch data of the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS). The sample consists of 130 faint, broad-line AGN with redshift up to z=5 and 17.5< I <24.0, selected on the basis of their spectra. In this paper we present the measurement of the Optical Luminosity Function up to z=3.6 derived from this sample, we compare our results with previous results from brighter samples both at low and at high redshift. Our data, more than one magnitude fainter than previous optical surveys, allow us to constrain the faint part of the luminosity function up to high redshift. By combining our faint VVDS sample with the large sample of bright AGN extracted from the SDSS DR3 (Richards et al., 2006b) and testing a number of different evolutionary models, we find that the model which better represents the combined luminosity functions, over a wide range of redshift and luminosity, is a luminosity dependent density evolution (LDDE) model, similar to those derived from the major X-surveys. Such a parameterization allows the redshift of the AGN space density peak to change as a function of luminosity and explains the excess of faint AGN that we find at 1.0< z <1.5. On the basis of this model we find, for the first time from the analysis of optically selected samples, that the peak of the AGN space density shifts significantly towards lower redshift going to lower luminosity objects. This result, already found in a number of X-ray selected samples of AGN, is consistent with a scenario of \"AGN cosmic downsizing\", in which the density of more luminous AGN, associated to more massive black holes, peaks earlier in the history of the Universe, than that of low luminosity ones.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 415, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00047", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00600", "text": ". “It remains a solid business model, but I wanted to focus on my Massage Envy clinics and our EWC growth.” In 2014, they sold their regional developer rights to the European Wax Center concept but continued to own and operate three centers. This dynamic duo found their next brand-building opportunity, Amazing Lash Studio. “My dad asked me to fly to Houston to meet with Edward Le, co-founder and CEO of Amazing Lash Studio, and as I had been hooked on lash extensions since 2006, I was really excited about the concept,” says Dani. “It was a fabulous meeting, and I returned to San Diego, shared my excitement with my dad and we were all in. It has been nothing but amazing since the get-go.” Their efforts have not gone unnoticed in any of the four brands with accolades including 2 Million Dollar Club and strongest sales closing at Massage Envy and Brand Ambassador at Amazing Lash Studio. They sold their regional developer rights to Massage Envy last year. “It was time to focus and grow our new concepts, as it really takes 150% in the beginning,” says Dennis. What does this franchise duo see in their future? “My dad most will retire in three years when he turns 80 and go full-time into driving my mom crazy,” says Dani with a grin. “I will continue to build the businesses I have and work with all these great franchisees while looking for unique brands, and of course have fun doing it!” About Amazing Lash Studio Amazing Lash Studio was founded in 2010 by Edward and Jessica Le, with a vision to be the leading provider of affordable eyelash extensions. Amazing Lash Studios are retail salons that apply semi-permanent eyelash extensions with a proprietary, patented process to the clients’ own lashes, replicating the curve and size of natural lashes. The concept began franchising in 2013, and to date has 183 open studios in 27 states, and has recently earned the rank of #5 on Entrepreneur Magazine’s Top New Franchise s. For additional information go to amazinglashstudio.com. View source version on businesswire.com:https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180424005130/en/ CONTACT: CH Media Barbara Carrera Holland, 602-810-1924 KEYWORD: UNITED STATES NORTH AMERICA ARIZONA INDUSTRY KEYWORD: WOMEN OTHER CONSUMER LUXURY SMALL BUSINESS PROFE", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00712", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00601", "text": "We present Spitzer observations of the dark globule CB190 (L771). We observe a roughly circular 24 micron shadow with a 70 arcsec radius. The extinction profile of this shadow matches the profile derived from 2MASS photometry at the outer edges of the globule and reaches a maximum of ~32 visual magnitudes at the center. The corresponding mass of CB190 is ~10 Msun. Our 12CO and 13CO J = 2-1 data over a 10 arcmin X 10 arcmin region centered on the shadow show a temperature ~10 K. The thermal continuum indicates a similar temperature for the dust. The molecular data also show evidence of freezeout onto dust grains. We estimate a distance to CB190 of 400 pc using the spectroscopic parallax of a star associated with the globule. Bonnor-Ebert fits to the density profile, in conjunction with this distance, yield xi_max = 7.2, indicating that CB190 may be unstable. The high temperature (56 K) of the best fit Bonnor-Ebert model is in contradiction with the CO and thermal continuum data, leading to the conclusion that the thermal pressure is not enough to prevent free-fall collapse. We also find that the turbulence in the cloud is inadequate to support it. However, the cloud may be supported by the magnetic field, if this field is at the average level for dark globules. Since the magnetic field will eventually leak out through ambipolar diffusion, it is that CB190 is collapsing or in a late pre-collapse stage.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 319, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00150", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00602", "text": "Pairing of electrons in conventional superconductors occurs at the superconducting transition temperature Tc, creating an energy gap D in the electronic density of states (DOS). In the high-Tc superconductors, a partial gap in the DOS exists for a range of temperatures above Tc. A key question is whether the gap in the DOS above Tc is associated with pairing, and what determines the temperature at which incoherent pairs form. Here we report the first spatially resolved measurements of gap formation in a high-Tc superconductor, measured on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d samples with different Tc values (hole concentration of 0.12 to 0.22) using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Over a wide range of doping from 0.16 to 0.22 we find that pairing gaps nucleate in nanoscale regions above Tc. These regions proliferate as the temperature is lowered, resulting in a spatial distribution of gap sizes in the superconducting state. Despite the inhomogeneity, we find that every pairing gap develops locally at a temperature Tp, following the relation 2D/kBTp = 8. At very low doping (<0.14), systematic changes in the DOS indicate the presence of another phenomenon, which is unrelated and competes with electron pairing. Our observation of nanometre-sized pairing regions provides the missing microscopic basis for understanding recent reports of fluctuating superconducting response above Tc in hole-doped high-Tc copper oxide superconductors.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00203", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00603", "text": "to 25 percent of funds collected that will lead to overzealous and abusive collection tactics against taxpayers. (10) The Congress has previously rejected the use of private tax collection agencies by canceling a pilot program in 1996 due to violations by private collection agencies of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, inadequate protection of sensitive taxpayer information, and a loss of approximately $17 million during the pilot program. (11) A 2002 report by the IRS Commissioner to the IRS Oversight Board identified an additional $30 billion in taxes owed that collected annually by increased funding for IRS personnel. A $9 billion annual increase in revenue achieved by earmarking approximately $300 million to specific IRS collection functions, for a return of $30 for every $1 spent. (12) Due to the vagaries of the budget scoring process, additional funds collected by IRS personnel do not ``score'' as increased revenues. (13) The use of private collection agencies was deemed a ``new tool'' to the IRS Commissioner that resulted in increased revenue being ``scored'' to the Federal Government when such activity would actually result in increased cost to taxpayers. (14) Members of the House of Representatives were not afforded the opportunity to specifically vote on this significant policy change during consideration of H.R. 4520, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, in the 108th Congress. SEC. 2. REPEAL OF AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO PRIVATE TAX COLLECTION CONTRACTS. (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 64 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to collection) is amended by striking section 6306. (b) Conforming Amendments.-- (1) Subchapter B of chapter 64 of such Code is amended by striking section 7433A. (2) Section 7809(a) of such Code is amended by striking ``6306,''. (3) Section 7811 of such Code is amended by striking subsection (g). (4) Section 1203 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring Act of 1998 is amended by striking subsection (e). (5) The table of sections of subchapter A of chapter 64 of such Code is amended by striking the item relating to section 6306. (6) The table of sections of subchapter B of chapter 64 of such Code is amended by striking the item relating to section 7433A. (c) Effective", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00984", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00604", "text": "Future observations of CMB anisotropies will be able to probe high multipole regions of the angular power spectrum, corresponding to a resolution of a few arcminutes. Dust emission from merging haloes is one of the foregrounds that will affect such very small scales. We estimate the contribution to CMB angular fluctuations from objects that are bright in the sub-millimeter band due to intense star formation bursts following merging episodes. We base our approach on the Lacey-Cole merger model and on the Kennicutt relation which connects the star formation rate in galaxies with their infrared luminosity. We set the free parameters of the model in order to not exceed the SCUBA source counts, the Madau plot of star formation rate in the universe and COBE/FIRAS data on the intensity of the sub-millimeter cosmic background radiation. We show that the angular power spectrum arising from the distribution of such star-forming haloes will be one of the most significant foregrounds in the high frequency channels of future CMB experiments, such as PLANCK, ACT and SPT. The correlation term, due to the clustering of multiple haloes at redshift z~2-6, is dominant in the broad range of angular scales 200<l<3000. Poisson fluctuations due to bright sub-millimeter sources are more important at higher l, but since they are generated from the bright sources, such contribution strongly reduced if bright sources are excised from the sky maps. The contribution of the correlation term to the angular power spectrum depends strongly on the redshift evolution of the escape fraction of UV photons and the resulting temperature of the dust. The measurement of this signal will therefore give important information about galaxies in the early stage of their evolution.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 352, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00317", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00605", "text": "as part of a data matching program under the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act. (5) Social security number; social security account number.--The terms ``Social Security number'' and ``Social Security account number'' have the meaning given those terms in section 208 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 408). (6) State.--The term ``State'' means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and any territory or possession of the United States. SEC. 4. REGULATION OF THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS AND SOCIAL SECURITY ACCOUNT NUMBERS. (a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or purchase a Social Security number or Social Security account number in a manner that violates a regulation promulgated by the Commission under subsection (b) of this section. (b) Regulations.-- (1) Restrictions authorized.--The Commission, after consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, the Department of Justice, and other agencies as the Commission deems appropriate, shall promulgate regulations restricting the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers and any unfair or deceptive acts or practices in connection with the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers. (2) Limitations on restrictions.--In promulgating such regulations, the Commission shall impose restrictions and conditions on the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers that are no broader than necessary-- (A) to provide reasonable assurance that Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers will not be used to commit or facilitate fraud, deception, or crime; and (B) to prevent an undue risk of bodily, emotional, or financial harm to individuals. For purposes of subparagraph (B), the Commission shall consider the nature, likelihood and severity of the anticipated harm; the nature, likelihood and extent of any benefits that realized from the sale or purchase of the numbers; and any other relevant factors. (3) Exceptions.--The regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include exceptions which permit the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers and Social Security account numbers-- (A) to the extent necessary for law enforcement or national security purposes; (B) to the extent necessary for public health purposes; (C) to the extent necessary in emergency situations to protect the health or safety of 1 or", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00843", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00606", "text": "and management decisions of Federal land managers can have unintended consequences for gateway communities and the Federal lands, when the decisions are not adequately communicated to, or coordinated with, the elected officials and residents of gateway communities. (7) Experts in land management planning are available to Federal land managers, but persons with technical planning skills are often not readily available to gateway communities, particularly small gateway communities. (8) Gateway communities are often affected by the policies and actions of several Federal land agencies and both the communities and the agencies would benefit from greater interagency coordination of those policies and actions. (9) Persuading gateway communities to make decisions and undertake actions in their communities that would also be in the best interest of the Federal lands is most to occur when such decisionmaking and actions are built upon a foundation of cooperation and coordination. (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this Act to require Federal land managers to communicate, coordinate, and cooperate with gateway communities in order to-- (1) improve the relationships among Federal land managers, elected officials, and residents of gateway communities; (2) enhance the facilities and services in gateway communities available to visitors to Federal lands, when compatible with the management of these lands; and (3) result in better local land use planning and decisions by Federal land managers. (c) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Gateway community.--The term ``gateway community'' means a county, city, town, village, or other subdivision of a State, or a federally recognized American Indian tribe or Alaska Native village, that-- (A) is incorporated or recognized in a county or regional land use plan; and (B) a Federal land manager (or the head of the tourism office for the State) determines is significantly affected economically, socially, or environmentally by planning and management decisions regarding Federal lands administered by that Federal land manager. (2) Federal land agencies.--The term ``Federal land agencies'' means the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. (3) Federal land manager.--The term ``Federal land manager'' means-- (A) the superintendent of a unit of the National Park System; (B) the manager of a national wildlife refuge; (C) the field office manager of a Bureau of Land Management area; or (D) the supervisor of a unit of the National Forest System. (d) Participation in Federal Planning and Land Use.-- (1) Participation in planning", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00898", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00607", "text": "A mechanism for the enhancement for proton lifetime in supersymmetric/supergravity (SUSY/SUGRA) grand unified theories (GUTs) and in string theory models is discussed where Higgsino mediated proton decay arising from color triplets (anti-triplets) with charges $Q=-1/3(1/3)$ and $Q=-4/3(4/3)$ is suppressed by an internal cancellation due to contributions from different sources. We exhibit the mechanism for an SU(5) model with $45_H+\\bar{45}_H$ Higgs multiplets in addition to the usual Higgs structure of the minimal model. This model contains both $Q=-1/3(1/3)$ and $Q=-4/3(4/3)$ Higgs color triplets (anti-triplets) and simple constraints allow for a complete suppression of Higgsino mediated proton decay. Suppression of proton decay in an SU(5) model with Planck scale contributions is also considered. The suppression mechanism is then exhibited for an SO(10) model with a unified Higgs structure involving $144_H+\\bar{144}_H$ representations.The SU(5) decomposition of $144_H+\\bar{144}_H$ contains $5_H+\\bar 5_H$ and $45_H+\\bar{45}_H$ and the cancellation mechanism arises among these contributions which mirrror the SU(5) case. The cancellation mechanism be more generally valid for a larger class of unification models. Specifically the cancellation mechanism may play a role in string model constructions to suppress proton decay from dimension five operators. The mechanism allows for the suppression of proton decay consistent with current data allowing for the possibility that proton decay may be visible in the next round of nucleon stability experiment.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 364, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00343", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00608", "text": "media landscape. What I mean by that is right now, we are used to a web, where we can delete, where we can change, and where we can alter. And what's really happened there is that people throw ideas out there, knowing that if they are wrong, they could change or delete, or things are not immutable, right, per se, which is what's happening on the blockchain. What I really hope beyond just the products of what it can do, is really that it'll change the way that we do things, right. Like in society today, there are consequences for things that you do. You can't just press the delete button or change, right. So you think about these sort of things before you actually act on them. And what we've seen in the media landscape is that people are very quick to send ideas or shoot ideas out there, knowing that they can hide behind something, or knowing that they could change something. And what does it really mean when you need to kind of account for those ideas, and when they are living on a blockchain forever? So one of which, when it comes to media on the blockchain, is this idea of security, immutability. SEE: What is blockchain? Understanding the technology and the revolution (free PDF) (TechRepublic) This new notion that you are now in control of your ideas and of your assets, both in a public and private, public key, private key manner. And being able to take control of that, right. We at Po.et, really want to focus more on the long tail creators, like we are accessible for everyone. We aim to be a library of the world's creative assets on the blockchain and are building different ways for access and people to do so. Whether that's through, as you mentioned, a content management system, or going directly to Po.et, or within your own domains. But once you do that, what can you actually do on the domain? And there's two major things. One is really being able to own and manage your ideas. So how do you issue a content license? What should that cost? How can you make sure that your ideas are being heard and transacted on? An example that I give often and we see it every single day on Twitter, is that if you put something up on Twitter, which is a piece of media that can go viral beyond just the at replies, there's also Huffington", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00527", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00609", "text": "The widely existing shallow decay phase of the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is generally accepted to be due to long-lasting energy injection. The outflows carrying the injecting energy, based on the component that is dominative in energy, fall into two possible types: baryon-dominated and lepton-dominated ones. The former type of outflow ejecta that is ejected during the prompt phase of a GRB and consists of a series of baryonic shells with a distribution of Lorentz factors, and the latter type an electron-positron-pair wind that is driven by the post-burst central engine. We here provide a unified description for the dynamics of fireballs based on these two types of energy injection, and calculate the corresponding high-energy photon emission by considering synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering (including synchrotron self-Compton and combined inverse-Compton) of electrons. We find that, in the two energy-injection models, there is a plateau (even a hump) in high-energy light curves during the X-ray shallow decay phase. In particular, a considerable fraction of the injecting energy in the lepton-dominated model can be shared by the long-lasting reverse shock since it is relativistic. Furthermore, almost all of the energy of the reverse shock is carried by leptons, and thus the inverse-Compton emission is enhanced dramatically. Therefore, this model predicts more significant high-energy afterglow emission than the baryon-dominated model. We argue that these observational signatures would be used to discriminate between different energy-injection models in the upcoming {\\em Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope} (GLAST) era.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00290", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00610", "text": "CO observations have been so far the best way to trace molecular gas in external galaxies, but at low metallicity the gas mass deduced largely underestimated. At present, the kinematic information of CO data cubes are used to estimate virial masses and trace the total mass of the molecular clouds. Millimeter dust emission can also be used as a dense gas tracer and could unveil H2 envelopes lacking CO. These different tracers must be compared in different environments. This study compares virial masses to masses deduced from millimeter emission, in two GMC samples: the local molecular clouds in our Galaxy and their equivalents in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), one of the nearest low metallicity dwarf galaxy. In our Galaxy, mass estimates deduced from millimeter emission are consistent with masses deduced from gamma ray analysis and trace the total mass of the clouds. Virial masses are systematically larger (twice on average) than mass estimates from millimeter dust emission. This difference decreases toward high masses and has already been reported in previous studies. In the SMC however, molecular cloud masses deduced from SIMBA millimeter observations are systematically higher (twice on average for conservative values of the dust to gas ratio and dust emissivity) than the virial masses from SEST CO observations. The observed excess can not be accounted for by any plausible change of dust properties. Taking a general form for the virial theorem, we show that a magnetic field strength of ~15 micro Gauss in SMC clouds could provide additional support to the clouds and explain the difference observed. Masses of SMC molecular clouds have therefore been underestimated so far. Magnetic pressure may contribute significantly to their support.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00086", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00611", "text": "Point-contact (PC) spectroscopy measurements on antiferromagnetic (AF) (T_N=5.2K) HoNi2B2C single crystals in the normal and two different superconducting (SC) states (T_c=8.5K and $T_c^*=5.6K) are reported. The PC study of the electron-boson(phonon) interaction (EB(P)I) spectral function reveals pronounced phonon maxima at 16, 22 and 34meV. For the first time the high energy maxima at about 50meV and 100meV are resolved. Additionally, an admixture of a crystalline-electric-field (CEF) excitations with a maximum near 10meV and a `magnetic` peak near 3meV are observed. The contribution of the 10-meV peak in PC EPI constant \\lambda_PC is evaluated as 20-30%, while contribution of the high energy modes at 50 and 100meV amounts about 10% for each maxima, so the superconductivity be affected by CEF excitations. The SC gap in HoNi2B2C exhibits a standard single-band BCS-like dependence, but vanishes at $T_c^*=5.6K<T_c, with 2\\Delta/kT_c^*=3.9. The strong coupling Eliashberg analysis of the low-temperature SC phase with T_c^*=5.6K =T_N, coexisting with the commensurate AF structure, suggests a sizable value of the EPI constant \\lambda_s=0.93. We also provide strong support for the recently proposed by us ''Fermi surface (FS) separation'' scenario for the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in magnetic borocarbides, namely, that the superconductivity in the commensurate AF phase survives at a special (nearly isotropic) FS sheet without an admixture of Ho 5d states. Above T_c^* the SC features in the PC characteristics are strongly suppressed pointing to a specific weakened SC state between T_c* and T_c.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 445, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00173", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00612", "text": "BOARD UNITED AIRLINES FLIGHT 93 WHO HELPED RESIST THE HIJACKERS AND CAUSED THE PLANE TO CRASH. (a) Congressional Findings.--The Congress finds as follows: (1) On September 11, 2001, United Airlines Flight 93, piloted by Captain James Dahl, departed from Newark International Airport at 8:01 a.m. on its scheduled route to San Francisco, California, with 7 crew members and 38 passengers on board. (2) Shortly after departure, United Airlines Flight 93 was hijacked by terrorists. (3) At 10:37 a.m. United Airlines Flight 93 crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. (4) Evidence indicates that people aboard United Airlines Flight 93 learned that other hijacked planes had been used to attack the World Trade Center in New York City and resisted the actions of the hijackers on board. (5) The effort to resist the hijackers aboard United Airlines Flight 93 have caused the plane to crash prematurely, potentially saving hundreds or thousands of lives and preventing the destruction of the White House, the Capitol, or another important symbol of freedom and democracy. (6) The leaders of the resistance aboard United Airlines Flight 93 demonstrated exceptional bravery, valor, and patriotism, and are worthy of the appreciation of the people of the United States. (b) Presentation of Congressional Gold Medals Authorized.--In recognition of heroic service to the Nation, the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate shall make appropriate arrangements for the presentation, on behalf of the Congress, of a gold medal of appropriate design for each passenger or crew member on board United Airlines Flight 93 who is identified by the Attorney General as having aided in the effort to resist the hijackers on board the plane to the next of kin or other personal representative of each such individual. (c) Design and Striking.--For the purpose of the presentation referred to in subsection (b), the Secretary of the Treasury shall strike gold medals of a single design with suitable emblems, devices, and inscriptions, to be determined by the Secretary. (d) Duplicate Medals.--Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe, the Secretary may strike and sell duplicates in bronze of the gold medals struck under subsection (b) at a price sufficient to cover the cost of the bronze medals (including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, and overhead expenses) and the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00948", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00613", "text": "the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice shall establish minimum standards for-- (1) the issuance of alerts through the AMBER Alert communications network; and (2) the extent of the dissemination of alerts issued through the network. (b) Limitations.--(1) The minimum standards established under subsection (a) shall be adoptable on a voluntary basis only. (2) The minimum standards shall, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies), provide that the dissemination of an alert through the AMBER Alert communications network be limited to the geographic areas most to facilitate the recovery of the abducted child concerned. (3) In carrying out activities under subsection (a), the Coordinator may not interfere with the current system of voluntary coordination between local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies for purposes of the AMBER Alert communications network. (c) Cooperation.--(1) The Coordinator shall cooperate with the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Communications Commission in carrying out activities under this section. (2) The Coordinator shall also cooperate with local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies in establishing minimum standards under this section. SEC. 4. GRANT PROGRAM FOR NOTIFICATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ALONG HIGHWAYS FOR RECOVERY OF ABDUCTED CHILDREN. (a) Program Required.--The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a program to provide grants to States for the development or enhancement of notification or communications systems along highways for alerts and other information for the recovery of abducted children. (b) Activities.--Activities funded by grants under the program under subsection (a) may include-- (1) the development or enhancement of electronic message boards along highways and the placement of additional signage along highways; and (2) the development or enhancement of other means of disseminating along highways alerts and other information for the recovery of abducted children. (c) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of any activities funded by a grant under the program under subsection (a) may not exceed 50 percent. (d) Distribution of Grant Amounts on Geographic Basis.--The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure the distribution of grants under the program under subsection (a) on an equitable basis throughout the various regions of the United States. (e) Administration.--The Secretary shall prescribe requirements, including application requirements, for grants under the program under subsection (a). (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--(1)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00992", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00614", "text": "think Powell will try to demonstrate at the start of his tenure that he is serious about keeping inflation under control, a central responsibility for any Fed leader. \"Powell will want to make sure he establishes his credentials as an anti-inflation chairman,\" said Sung Won Sohn, an economics professor at California State University, Channel Islands. Besides announcing its rate decision Wednesday, the Fed will update its quarterly forecasts, which will show its expectations for growth, unemployment, inflation and the expected pace of its rate increases over the next three years. Even if the Fed doesn't explicitly predict four rate hikes for 2018, it could effectively signal as much by upgrading its expectations for growth. The Fed's December estimate for economic growth in 2018, as measured by the gross domestic product, was 2.5 percent, an upgrade from its 2.1 percent forecast of three months earlier. Now, with the tax cuts and spending increases in place, the Fed raise that growth forecast even further? In his news conference after the Fed's meeting ends, Powell will be able to shape perceptions of the central bank's direction under his stewardship. It won't be without risk. Any serious misstep could unnerve global financial markets. But Powell's testimony to Congress last month drew strong reviews. \"Powell delivered a solid performance before Congress, worthy of William McChesney Martin,\" said David Jones, an economist who has written books on the Fed, referring to the longest-serving Fed chairman, whose tenure stretched from 1951 until 1970. The plain-spoken Martin once suggested that the Fed's key function was to take away the \"punch bowl\" just when the party is really warming up. \"Powell is well-prepared for this job, and he will be a Martin-type guy who will describe the Fed's actions in plain, understandable terms,\" Jones said.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00804", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00615", "text": "make the second and third saves because at the end of the day it's about keeping the puck out of the net,\" Boucher said. \"Whether it's your fault or it's not your fault, if you don't keep it out of the net you're going to have a tough time winning games and you're going to have a tough time having a job.\" MUSICAL COACHES Michel Therrien became the fifth coach fired this season when the Montreal Canadiens canned him Tuesday and replaced him with Claude Julien, who was fired by Boston last week. Julien took five more days to get a new job than Bruce Boudreau did when fired by Washington on a November Monday in 2011 and joining the Anaheim Ducks on Wednesday. MILESTONE WATCH After registering a point Tuesday in the Penguins' win over Vancouver, Crosby is one away from 1,000 for his career. He's at 756 games now and will soon become the second-fastest active player to hit 1,000 after the ageless Jaromir Jagr. GAME OF THE WEEK The Blue Jackets host the Penguins on Friday in what very well a first-round playoff preview. LEADERS Points: Crosby (Pittsburgh), Connor McDavid (Edmonton), 61; Goals: Crosby, 30; Defenseman points: Brent Burns (San Jose), 59; Goals-against average: Devan Dubnyk (Minnesota), 1.97; Save percentage: Dubnyk,.933. ___ Follow Hockey Writer Stephen Whyno on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/SWhyno.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 322, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00772", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00616", "text": ", shedding tears as he accepted the trophy. Even the great Laver, sitting in the crowd, was compelled to get a photo of it for posterity. At the age of 36 years, 173 days, Federer became the second-oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era after Ken Rosewall, who won the 1972 Australian Open at 37. The father-of-four said careful planning and staying injury-free could keep him in contention at the big tournaments. \"I've won three Slams now in 12 months. I can't believe it myself,\" Federer said. \"I've just got to keep a good schedule, stay hungry, then good things can happen.\" Here's what else we learned at the Australian Open: — Marin's moment: Cilic moved up to No. 3 in the rankings with his run to the final, which included a victory over Nadal in the quarterfinals. It was his second final in the last three majors and he's growing in confidence that he can add another Grand Slam title to his 2014 U.S. Open breakthrough. — Wozniacki's win: Caroline Wozniacki is finally a Grand Slam champion, holding off top-seeded Simona Halep in three tough sets. She was seeded No. 2 and playing her 43rd major, and the victory lifted her to No. 1 in the rankings for the first time in six years. Wozniacki said she was most pleased she won't ever have to answer any more questions about what it's like to have held the top ranking without winning a major. — Halep's heart: The 26 year-old Romanian was playing her first major as the top seed, had to save match points in the third round and in the semifinals and spent more time on the courts at Melbourne Park than any other woman in the tournament. In the end, she had to settle for a third Grand Slam final loss. But it was her first away from Roland Garros, and should increase her resolve. She'd made first-round exits in the two previous years at the Australian Open. — Tough at the top: Wozniacki was the fourth different major winner on the women's side since Serena Williams last played, and three of them (Wozniacki, Jelena Ostapenko at the French and Sloane Stephens at the U.S. Open", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00749", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00617", "text": "revegetation or restoration of infested land; and (D) estimate the costs of destruction of salt cedar and Russian olive trees, related biomass removal, and revegetation or restoration and maintenance of the infested land. (c) Long-Term Management Strategies.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary shall identify and document long-term management and funding strategies that-- (A) implemented by Federal, State, and private land managers in addressing infestation by salt cedar and Russian olive trees; and (B) should be tested as components of demonstration projects under subsection (d). (2) Grants.--The Secretary shall provide grants to institutions of higher education to develop public policy expertise in, and assist in developing a long-term strategy to address, infestation by salt cedar and Russian olive trees. (d) Demonstration Projects.-- (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which funds are made available to carry out this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program that selects and funds not less than 5 projects proposed by and implemented in collaboration with Federal agencies, units of State and local government, national laboratories, Indian tribes, institutions of higher education, individuals, organizations, or soil and water conservation districts to demonstrate and evaluate the most effective methods of controlling salt cedar and Russian olive trees. (2) Project requirements.--The demonstration projects under paragraph (1) shall-- (A) be carried out over a time period and to a scale designed to fully assess long-term management strategies; (B) implement salt cedar or Russian olive tree control using 1 or more methods for each project in order to assess the full range of control methods, including-- (i) airborne application of herbicides; (ii) mechanical removal; and (iii) biocontrol methods, such as the use of goats or insects; (C) individually or in conjunction with other demonstration projects, assess the effects of and obstacles to combining multiple control methods and determine optimal combinations of control methods; (D) assess soil conditions resulting from salt cedar and Russian olive tree infestation and means to revitalize soils; (E) define and implement appropriate final vegetative states and optimal revegetation methods, with preference for self-maintaining vegetative states and native vegetation, and taking into consideration downstream impacts, wildfire potential, and water savings; (F) identify methods for preventing the regrowth and reintroduction of salt cedar and Russian olive trees; (G) monitor and document any water savings", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01113", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00618", "text": "We investigate how the different types of supernovae are relatively affected by the metallicity of their host galaxy. We match the SAI Supernova Catalog to the SDSS-DR4 catalog of star-forming galaxies with measured metallicities. These supernova host galaxies span a range of oxygen abundance from 12 + log(O/H) = 7.9 to 9.3 (~ 0.1 to 2.7 solar) and a range in absolute magnitude from MB = -15.2 to -22.2. To reduce the various observational biases, we select a subsample of well-characterized supernovae in the redshift range from 0.01 to 0.04, which leaves us with 58 SN II, 19 Ib/c, and 38 Ia. We find strong evidence that SN Ib/c are occurring in higher-metallicity host galaxies than SN II, while we see no effect for SN Ia relative to SN II. We note some extreme and interesting supernova-host pairs, including the metal-poor (~ 1/4 solar) host of the recent SN Ia 2007bk, where the supernova was found well outside of this dwarf galaxy. To extend the luminosity range of supernova hosts to even fainter galaxies, we also match all the historical supernovae with z < 0.3 to the SDSS-DR6 sky images, resulting in 1225 matches. This allows us to identify some even more extreme cases, such as the recent SN Ic 2007bg, where the host of this hypernova-like event has an absolute magnitude MB ~ -12, making it one of the least-luminous supernova hosts ever observed. This low-luminosity host is certain to be very metal poor (~ 1/20 solar), and therefore this supernova is an excellent candidate for association with an off-axis GRB. The two catalogs that we have constructed are available online and will be updated regularly. Finally, we discuss various implications of our findings for understanding supernova progenitors and their host galaxies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 424, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00329", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00619", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Healthcare Innovation Zone Pilot Act of 2009''. SEC. 2. HEALTHCARE INNOVATION ZONE PILOT PROGRAM. (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall establish a Healthcare Innovation Zone pilot program to increase health care provider integration and align health care provider incentives to reduce the rate of growth of health care costs while improving quality of care for Medicare, Medicaid, and privately insured patients. The HIZ program, by including teaching hospitals, shall provide for the incorporation of new and innovative clinical initiatives for the training of the next generation of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals in a new model of cost- effective, high-quality health care. (b) Features of Program.--The HIZ pilot program established under subsection (a) shall consist of-- (1) an HIZ planning grant program, as described in section 3; and (2) an HIZ pilot project, as described in section 4. SEC. 3. HIZ PLANNING GRANT PROGRAM. (a) Establishment.--Within 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall begin accepting applications for HIZ planning grants. The Secretary will make grants to successful applicants for the purposes of researching and preparing an HIZ design plan, in accordance with subsection (d). (b) Eligibility Requirements.--An applicant for a grant under this section shall be a group of clinical or other entities that provides a full spectrum of health care, including inpatient, outpatient, post- acute, and preventive care, to Medicare beneficiaries, Medicaid enrollees, and other individuals enrolled in private insurance plans. Such applicants must include a teaching hospital, and may include-- (1) other clinical entities, including community hospitals and health centers or physician group practices; (2) schools of medicine or other health professions; and (3) other nonclinical entities, including community organizations. (c) Application.--An application for a grant under this section shall include-- (1) a description of the geographic region to be included in the HIZ established under section 4, including population and health care provider demographics, as well as an estimate of the number of people that cared for in the HIZ; (2) a demonstration that the grant applicant has the expertise to engage community and clinical care leaders in developing a design plan for the HIZ that will meet the requirements listed", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01006", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00620", "text": "to direct services,''. SEC. 6. SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS' NOTIFICATION GRANTS. The Victims of Crime Act of 1984 is amended by adding after section 1404E (42 U.S.C. 10603e) the following: ``SEC. 1404F. SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS' NOTIFICATION GRANTS. ``(a) In General.--The Attorney General may make grants as provided in section 1404(c)(1)(A) to States to develop and disseminate to entities described in subsection (c)(1) of this section written notice of applicable rights and policies for sexual assault survivors. ``(b) Notification of Rights.--Each recipient of a grant awarded under subsection (a) shall make its best effort to ensure that each entity described in subsection (c)(1) provides individuals who identify as a survivor of a sexual assault, and who consent to receiving such information, with written notice of applicable rights and policies regarding-- ``(1) the right not to be charged fees for or otherwise prevented from pursuing a sexual assault evidence collection kit; ``(2) the right to have a sexual assault medical forensic examination regardless of whether the survivor reports to or cooperates with law enforcement; ``(3) the availability of a sexual assault advocate; ``(4) the availability of protective orders and policies related to their enforcement; ``(5) policies regarding the storage, preservation, and disposal of sexual assault evidence collection kits; ``(6) the process, if any, to request preservation of sexual assault evidence collection kits or the probative evidence from such kits; and ``(7) the availability of victim compensation and restitution. ``(c) Dissemination of Written Notice.--Each recipient of a grant awarded under subsection (a) shall-- ``(1) provide the written notice described in subsection (b) to medical centers, hospitals, forensic examiners, sexual assault service providers, State and local law enforcement agencies, and any other State agency or department reasonably to serve sexual assault survivors; and ``(2) make the written notice described in subsection (b) publicly available on the Internet website of the attorney general of the State. ``(d) Provision To Promote Compliance.--The Attorney General may provide such technical assistance and guidance as necessary to help recipients meet the requirements of this section. ``(e) Integration of Systems.--Any system developed and implemented under this section may be integrated with an existing case management system operated by the recipient of the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01062", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00621", "text": "strongly agreed that college was worth the cost, a 2015 Gallup-Purdue Index poll found. That may explain why about 1 in 10 borrowers who were scheduled to start paying their federal student loans in 2013-14 have defaulted instead, according to the U.S. Department of Education. Refusing to pay your loans is shortsighted. The default hurts your credit scores, which will make other borrowing difficult and can increase the cost of items like car insurance and cell phone plans. But that's just the start. Government collectors can seize your tax refund, take a portion of your wages without going to court and literally pursue you to the grave. The U.S. Supreme Court decided a portion of Social Security benefits, which are typically off-limits to creditors, seized to repay delinquent federal student loans. —What to do instead: The education department offers several affordable repayment options, including an income-based plan that can reduce required payments to zero. Struggling borrowers can find plenty of information at the education department's Federal Student Aid site. For private student loans, consider calling the loan servicer directly to ask about options such as interest-only payments. _______ This column was provided to The Associated Press by the personal finance website NerdWallet. Liz Weston is a columnist at NerdWallet, a certified financial planner and author of \"Your Credit Score.\" Email: lweston@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @lizweston. RELATED LINK: NerdWallet: How to choose a student loan repayment plan https://nerd.me/student-loan-repayment Federal Student Aid: Guide to repaying federal student loans https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/repay-loans Forbes: When you should and shouldn't dispute a credit card purchase https://www.forbes.com/sites/clairetsosie/2017/03/16/when-you-should-and-shouldnt-dispute-a-credit-card-purchase/#4674067d2e39", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 401, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00824", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00622", "text": "round. TOP 60 LOOMS Patton Kizzire already has two PGA Tour victories this season and is No. 2 in the FedEx Cup. That still not be enough to avoid qualifying for the U.S. Open. The USGA in 2012 eliminated its exemption for multiple winners on the PGA Tour from the previous U.S. Open when it revamped its criteria that focused more on the top 60 in the world ranking. Kizzire is at No. 57 this week. The cutoff for being among the top 60 is on May 21, after the AT&T Byron Nelson. There also is another cutoff for the top 60 on June 11, the final ranking going into the U.S. Open on June 14-17 at Shinnecock Hills. Chief among the prominent names not yet eligible is Adam Scott, who has played in 67 consecutive majors dating to the 2001 British Open at Royal Lytham & St. Annes. Scott, who missed the cut last week in the Texas Open, is at No. 64. Alexander Levy of France moved up 19 spots to No. 47 with his victory last week on the European Tour, and that be enough to secure his spot. Among those near the top 60 with three tournaments remaining — the Zurich Classic in New Orleans does not offer world ranking points as a team event — are Luke List and Thomas Pieters (tied at No. 54), Bernd Wiesberger (No. 60), Ryan Moore (No. 62), Charles Howell III (No. 63) and former Masters champion Charl Schwartzel (No. 65). Schwartzel has played in every major dating to the 2009 U.S. Open at Bethpage Black. The winner of The Players Championship in three weeks gets a three-year exemption. NIEMANN'S DEBUT Joaquin Niemann already has shown a knack for the big occasion this year. The 19-year-old from Chile thought he was playing his final round as an amateur in January until he shot a 63 in the last round to win the Latin American Amateur Championship, which got him into the Masters. He delayed turning pro to play at Augusta National. And in his pro debut, Niemann shot 67-67 on the weekend to finish sixth in the Texas Open. The top-10 finish will get him into the Wells Fargo Championship next week at Quail Hollow, along", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00726", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00623", "text": "New Ekpyrotic Cosmology is an alternative scenario of early universe cosmology in which the universe existed before the big bang. The simplest model relies on two scalar fields, whose entropy perturbation leads to a scale-invariant spectrum of density fluctuations. The ekpyrotic solution has a tachyonic instability along the entropy field direction which, a priori, require fine-tuning of the initial conditions. In this paper, we show that these can be achieved naturally by adding a small positive mass term for the tachyonic field and coupling to light fermions. Then, for a wide range of initial conditions, the tachyonic field gets stabilized with the appropriate values well before the onset of the ekpyrotic phase. Furthermore, we show that ekpyrotic theory is successful in solving the flatness, horizon and homogeneity problems of standard big bang cosmology. Motivated by the analysis of the tachyonic instability, we propose a simplification of the model in terms of new field variables. Instead of requiring two exponential potentials, one for each scalar field, it suffices to consider a single nearly exponential potential for one of the fields and a tachyonic mass term along the orthogonal direction in field space. All other terms in the potential are essentially arbitrary. This greatly widens the class of ekpyrotic potentials and allows substantial freedom in determining the spectral index and possible non-Gaussianity. We present a generalized expression for the spectral index which is easily consistent with the observed red tilt. We also argue that for a wide range of potentials non-Gaussianity can be substantial, within the reach of current observations.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 335, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00293", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00624", "text": "(Abridged) Among the various issues that remain open in the field of accretion onto black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) is the way the gas accretes at very low Eddington ratios, in the so-called quiescent regime. While there is general agreement that the X-rays are produced by a population of high-energy electrons near to the BH, the controversy comes about in modeling the contribution from inflowing vs. outflowing particles, and their relative energy budget. Recent Spitzer observations of three quiescent BHBs have shown evidence for excess emission with respect to the tail of the companion star between 8-24 micron. We suggest that synchrotron emission from a partially self-absorbed outflow be responsible for the observed mid-IR excess, in place of, or in addition to, thermal emission from circumbinary material. If so, then the jet synchrotron luminosity exceeds the measured 2-10 keV luminosity by a factor of a few in these systems. In turn, the mechanical power stored in the jet exceeds the bolometric X-ray luminosity at least by 4 orders of magnitude. We then compile the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of A0620-00, the lowest Eddington-ratio stellar mass BH with a known radio counterpart, by means of simultaneous radio, optical and X-ray observations, and the archival Spitzer data. We are able to fit the SED of A0620-00 with a `maximally jet-dominated' model in which the radio through the soft X-rays are dominated by synchrotron emission, while the hard X-rays are dominated by inverse Compton at the jet base. The fitted parameters land in a range of values that is reminiscent of the Galactic Center super-massive BH Sgr A*. Most notably, the inferred ratio of the jet acceleration rate to local cooling rates is two orders of magnitude weaker with respect to higher luminosity, hard state sources.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 407, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00311", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00625", "text": "We discuss the results from the combined IRAC and MIPS c2d Spitzer Legacy observations of the Serpens star-forming region. In particular we present a set of criteria for isolating bona fide young stellar objects, YSO's, from the extensive background contamination by extra-galactic objects. We then discuss the properties of the resulting high confidence set of YSO's. We find 235 such objects in the 0.85 deg^2 field that was covered with both IRAC and MIPS. An additional set of 51 lower confidence YSO's outside this area is identified from the MIPS data combined with 2MASS photometry. We describe two sets of results, color-color diagrams to compare our observed source properties with those of theoretical models for star/disk/envelope systems and our own modeling of the subset of our objects that be star+disks. These objects exhibit a very wide range of disk properties, from many that can be fit with actively accreting disks to some with both passive disks and even debris disks. We find that the luminosity function of YSO's in Serpens extends down to at least a few x .001 Lsun or lower for an assumed distance of 260 pc. The lower limit may be set by our inability to distinguish YSO's from extra-galactic sources more than by the lack of YSO's at very low luminosities. A spatial clustering analysis shows that the nominally less-evolved YSO's are more highly clustered than the later stages and that the background extra-galactic population can be fit by the same two-point correlation function as seen in other extra-galactic studies. We also present a table of matches between several previous infrared and X-ray studies of the Serpens YSO population and our Spitzer data set.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 368, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00000", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00626", "text": "A built-in keylogger has been discovered on a host of HP laptops for the second time in 2017. The hidden software was discovered by security blogger Michael Myng, who also goes by the handle ZwClose. According to Myng's post, he found the keylogger in the keyboard driver when he was looking for more information on how the keyboards on certain models were backlit. \"The keylogger saved scan codes to a WPP trace. The logging was disabled by default but enabled by setting a registry value (UAC required),\" Myng wrote in the post. SEE: Information security incident reporting policy (Tech Pro Research) After Myng initially noticed what looked like the format string for a keylogger, he began to dig deeper. However, without having an HP laptop of his own, he couldn't look as deeply as he wanted to, the post said. So, he reached out to HP. After messaging HP, the company replied to Myng and confirmed the keylogger, which he noted was actually a debug trace. A patch has since been released that removes the keylogger, but users must update their machines to get it. HP has since launched a web page with all the relevant information for which laptop models are affected, including link to the update. The issue affects commercial notebooks, mobile thin clients, mobile workstations, and consumer laptops as well. HP users should check the list of affected devices on the web page to see if their model is listed. Unfortunately, this isn't the first time a keylogger has been found on HP laptops. Back in May 2017, a keylogger was found in an audio driver package present in many HP laptops, according to security firm ModZero. While neither instance of the keylogger may have been malicious, the presence of such surveillance software detrimental to HP's brand image among consumers. Personal privacy is a major concern among users, and any software that like it could potentially violate that privacy could drive users away. The 3 big takeaways for TechRepublic readers A built-in keylogger was found in a huge number of HP laptops by security blogger Michael Myng, also known as ZwClose. Found in the keyboard driver, the keylogger saved scan codes to a WPP trace, but it was disabled by default, Myng reported in his post. HP users should check the list of affected machines on HP's web page for the keylogger, and follow the necessary steps to update their machine.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00561", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00627", "text": "We propose a class of rank-based procedures for testing that the shape matrix $\\mathbf{V}$ of an elliptical distribution (with unspecified center of symmetry, scale and radial density) has some fixed value ${\\mathbf{V}}_0$; this includes, for ${\\mathbf{V}}_0={\\mathbf{I}}_k$, the problem of testing for sphericity as an important particular case. The proposed tests are invariant under translations, monotone radial transformations, rotations and reflections with respect to the estimated center of symmetry. They are valid without any moment assumption. For adequately chosen scores, they are locally asymptotically maximin (in the Le Cam sense) at given radial densities. They are strictly distribution-free when the center of symmetry is specified, and asymptotically so when it must be estimated. The multivariate ranks used throughout are those of the distances--in the metric associated with the null value ${\\mathbf{V}}_0$ of the shape matrix--between the observations and the (estimated) center of the distribution. Local powers (against elliptical alternatives) and asymptotic relative efficiencies (AREs) are derived with respect to the adjusted Mauchly test (a modified version of the Gaussian likelihood ratio procedure proposed by Muirhead and Waternaux [Biometrika 67 (1980) 31--43]) or, equivalently, with respect to (an extension of) the test for sphericity introduced by John [Biometrika 58 (1971) 169--174]. For Gaussian scores, these AREs are uniformly larger than one, irrespective of the actual radial density. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions for consistency under nonlocal, nonelliptical alternatives are given. Finite sample performances are investigated via a Monte Carlo study.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 368, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00415", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00628", "text": "We study the distribution of domain areas, areas enclosed by domain boundaries (''hulls''), and perimeters for curvature-driven two-dimensional coarsening, employing a combination of exact analysis and numerical studies, for various initial conditions. We show that the number of hulls per unit area, $n_h(A,t) dA$, with enclosed area in the interval $(A,A+dA)$, is described, for a disordered initial condition, by the scaling function $n_h(A,t) = 2c_h/(A + \\lambda_h t)^2$, where $c_h=1/8\\pi\\sqrt{3} \\approx 0.023$ is a universal constant and $\\lambda_h$ is a material parameter. For a critical initial condition, the same form is obtained, with the same $\\lambda_h$ but with $c_h$ replaced by $c_h/2$. For the distribution of domain areas, we argue that the corresponding scaling function has, for random initial conditions, the form $n_d(A,t) = 2c_d (\\lambda_d t)^{\\tau'-2}/(A + \\lambda_d t)^{\\tau'}$, where $c_d=c_h + {\\cal O}(c_h^2)$, $\\lambda_d=\\lambda_h + {\\cal O}(c_h)$, and $\\tau' = 187/91 \\approx 2.055$. For critical initial conditions, one replaces $c_d$ by $c_d/2$ (with corrections of ${\\cal O}(c_h^2)$) and the exponent is $\\tau = 379/187 \\approx 2.027$. These results are extended to describe the number density of the length of hulls and domain walls surrounding connected clusters of aligned spins. These predictions are supported by extensive numerical simulations. We also study numerically the geometric properties of the boundaries and areas.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 387, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00308", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00629", "text": "does come out in the interview process.\" IBM performs skills assessments for job candidates, regardless of their background. For example, when interviewing for a software development role, interviewers give candidates a coding exercise, examine their GitHub repository, and talk to them about the code they wrote. SEE: How CXOs can develop a diverse workforce (Tech Pro Research) The interview process for all job candidates includes behavioral questions about what a candidate has done previously, such as \"Tell me about a situation where you had to evaluate competing priorities.\" It also includes situational questions, which tend to work well for candidates with minimal experience, Jordan said. These are questions such as, \"Walk me through how you handle an upset client.\" \"That's going to help you to understand that candidate's thought process and their potential future behaviors, and together, they help you build a really good picture,\" Jordan said. It's key to listen for a nontraditional candidate's intent, Jordan said. This person may have some great examples of how they have handled a situation in the past, but they may have applied that knowledge in a different way or setting. \"Focus on the skill and the application of what they've done versus where they did it,\" she added. Making interview accommodations To attract more diverse candidates, Microsoft undertook a number of inclusivity measures in recent years, including reworking job descriptions and training managers on interviewing nontraditional candidates, according to Neil Barnett, the company's director of inclusive hiring. About two and a half years ago, Microsoft created an autism hiring program. Some 50 employees have been hired through the program, Barnett said. About half of those employees had applied to jobs at Microsoft previously, he added. But now, \"we train managers and teams ahead of time on neurodiversity and disability etiquette,\" Barnett said. \"We believe that by demystifying and breaking down the stereotypes of disabilities, we can help eliminate any unconscious biases that recruiters, hiring managers and teams have before they interview a candidate.\" Microsoft also trains hiring managers to offer job candidates the opportunity to ask and receive customizations for the interview. This include performing a technical interview on their own familiar device, spacing more time between multiple interviews, or lengthening the time of each interview—which allow someone with ADHD or a cognitive disability adequate time to think and respond to questions. \"Managers found that offering customizations have made all interviews more successful,\" Barnett said. \"Asking candidates what they need to have the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00582", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00630", "text": "He writes about village life for city folks. In one recent article, he addressed the government's push for creating \"smart cities\" and questioned when it would do the same for \"smart farmers.\" Another favorite topic: his love for writing, or as he calls it, \"ink and pen.\" His friends from New Delhi and even ones from abroad are curious to see what kind of life Jha has created for himself in his village. They often visit. So last year, Jha started what he calls the \"Chanka Residency\" for writers. Participants live in a mud hut with him and his family — it's rustic and peaceful, but there's internet. The first guest was Ian Woolford, an American who teaches Hindi language and courses on South Asian culture at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. During his week-long stay, Woolford says, \"We sat outside and drank tea by the fire each morning and evening. We pulled radishes from the field and ate them along with vegetables and roti. And we read each other our writing as we produced it, encouraging each other along.\" It's an experience Woolford recommends. \"I hope that academics, writers and artists visit — if only out of curiosity — and then fall in love with Bihar, as I did when I first visited,\" he says. More than 50 other people have come so far. Even more important to Jha is changing the image of village life among his neighbors. He is committed to bringing people back to their roots and in touch with agriculture. Armed with two degrees from the capital's top institutions, he has been teaching as much as possible. He says most young men in his village have smartphones; he has been showing them how to use the devices to download apps that are designed for farmers and keep on top of farming-related news about tools, fertilizers and more. He also organizes daily classes for kids on farming, life in the city and some basic English. Kalpana Devi, the village head, says, \"Girindra Nath's residency brings people in the village from all over the world, which is good for the villagers because they get to learn and write. But I often hear parents saying their children are distracted and don't work as hard in the field when the guests from abroad and big cities come to Chanka. They like to hang out with the guests.\" This exposure to the outside world may be just what the next generation needs, says An", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00630", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00631", "text": "and willingness of trade and professional associations to disseminate information described in paragraph (5) to members, and the threat that information provided on a confidential basis to members subject to discovery in a civil action also has a chilling effect; (8) because of the national scope of the problems described in paragraphs (1) through (7), it is not possible for States to fully address the problems by enacting State laws; and (9) the Federal Government has the authority under the United States Constitution (including article I, section 8, clause 3 of the Constitution and the 14th amendment to the Constitution) to remove barriers to interstate commerce and protect due process rights. (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are to promote the free flow of goods and services and lessen burdens on interstate commerce in accordance with the authorities referred to in subsection (a)(9) by ensuring the free flow of information concerning product defects, quality, or performance among trade and professional associations and their members. SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Product.-- (A) In general.--The term ``product'' means any object, substance, mixture, or raw material in a gaseous, liquid, or solid state that-- (i) is capable of delivery itself or as an assembled whole, in a mixed or combined state, or as a component part or ingredient; (ii) is produced for introduction into trade or commerce; (iii) has intrinsic economic value; and (iv) is intended for sale or lease to persons for commercial or personal use, including improvements to real property and fixtures that are affixed or incorporated into those improvements. (B) Exclusions.--The term does not include-- (i) tissue, organs, blood, and blood products used for therapeutic or medical purposes, except to the extent that such tissue, organs, blood, and blood products (or the provision thereof) are subject, under applicable State law, to a standard of liability other than negligence; or (ii) electricity, natural gas, or steam. (2) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (3) Trade or professional association.--The term ``trade or professional association'' means an organization described in paragraph (3), (4), (5), or (6) of section 501(c)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01157", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00632", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Solar Utilization Now Demonstration Act of 2007'' or the ``SUN Act of 2007''. SEC. 2. PHOTOVOLTAIC DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program of grants to States to demonstrate advanced photovoltaic technology. (b) Requirements.-- (1) Ability to meet requirements.--To receive funding under the program under this section, a State must submit a proposal that demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that the State will meet the requirements of subsection (f). (2) Compliance with requirements.--If a State has received funding under this section for the preceding year, the State must demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that it complied with the requirements of subsection (f) in carrying out the program during that preceding year, and that it will do so in the future, before it can receive further funding under this section. (3) Funding allocation.--Each State submitting a qualifying proposal shall receive funding under the program based on the proportion of United States population in the State according to the 2000 census. In each fiscal year, the portion of funds attributable under this paragraph to States that have not submitted qualifying proposals in the time and manner specified by the Secretary shall be distributed pro rata to the States that have submitted qualifying proposals in the specified time and manner. (c) Competition.--If more than $25,000,000 is available for the program under this section for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate 75 percent of the total amount of funds available according to subsection (b)(3), and shall award the remaining 25 percent on a competitive basis to the States with the proposals the Secretary considers most to encourage the widespread adoption of photovoltaic technologies. (d) Proposals.--Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and in each subsequent fiscal year for the life of the program, the Secretary shall solicit proposals from the States to participate in the program under this section. (e) Competitive Criteria.--In awarding funds in a competitive allocation under subsection (c), the Secretary shall consider-- (1) the likelihood of a proposal to encourage the demonstration of, or lower the costs of, advanced photovoltaic technologies; and (2) the extent to which a proposal is to-- (A) maximize the amount of photovoltaics demonstrated", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00889", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00633", "text": "The globular cluster (GC) nature of the recently catalogued candidate FSR 1767 is established in the present work. It results as the closest GC so far detected in the Galaxy. The nature of this object is investigated by means of 2MASS colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), the stellar radial density profile (RDP) and proper-motions (PM). The properties are consistent with an intermediate metallicity ($\\feh\\approx-1.2$) GC with a well-defined turnoff (TO), red-giant branch (RGB) and blue horizontal-branch (HB). The distance of FSR 1767 from the Sun is $\\ds\\approx1.5$ kpc, and it is located at the Galactocentric distance $\\rgc\\approx5.7$ kpc. With the space velocity components $(V,W)=(184\\pm14,-43\\pm14)\\rm km s^{-1}$, FSR 1767 be a Palomar-like GC with $\\mv\\approx-4.7$, that currently lies $\\approx57$ pc below the Galactic plane. The RDP is well represented by a King profile with the core and tidal radii $\\rc=0.24\\pm0.08$ pc and $\\rt=3.1\\pm1.0$ pc, respectively, with a small half-light radius $\\rh=0.60\\pm0.15$ pc. The optical absorption is moderate for an infrared GC, $A_V=6.2\\pm0.3$, which together with its central direction and enhanced contamination explains why it has so far been overlooked.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 338, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00430", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00634", "text": "' in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted or in which a blood vessel or aneurysm in the brain breaks or ruptures. ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, $13,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, and $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.''. (b) Study; Reports.-- (1) Final report.--Not later than March 31, 2011, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall conduct a study of the results of the telehealth stroke treatment grant program under section 330M of the Public Health Service Act (added by subsection (a)) and submit to the Congress a report on such results that includes the following: (A) An evaluation of the grant program outcomes, including quantitative analysis of baseline and benchmark measures. (B) Recommendations on how to promote stroke networks in ways that improve access to clinical care in rural and urban areas and reduce the incidence of stroke and the debilitating and costly complications resulting from stroke. (C) Recommendations on whether similar telehealth grant programs used to improve patient outcomes in other public health areas. (2) Interim reports.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services may provide interim reports to the Congress on the telehealth stroke treatment grant program under section 330M of the Public Health Service Act (added by subsection (a)) at such intervals as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish Federal standards for the treatment of patients or the licensure of health care professionals.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00989", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00635", "text": "he, his father and his wife have all been victims of racial profiling — even after he became a successful athlete. \"It happened to my wife in the past couple of years,\" said McCoy, who was drafted in 2010. \"She got pulled over. She was driving a Bentley. Nice neighborhood, and they pulled her over. All her stuff was right and they just didn't have any reason. It just wasn't right.\" Black athletes have been finding a way to fight for social change for more than 100 years, from Jack Johnson, to Muhammad Ali to Kaepernick. Their fights have come at great personal expense, from alienation by fellow Americans to incarceration to the loss of their careers. NFL players faced backlash of their own in 2017. During the season, President Donald Trump referred to the players as \"sons of bitches\" and suggested they be fired. And Trump again condemned the protests in his State of the Union address on Tuesday night, juxtaposing the campaign against the patriotic efforts of a white child who has planted thousands of American flags on the graves of veterans. A recent AP-NORC poll showed most Americans think refusing to stand for the national anthem is disrespectful to the country, the military and the American flag. Most African-Americans polled were more to approve of the players' protests. Only 4 in 10 Americans polled saw refusing to stand for the flag as an act of patriotism. Players have pointed out that the protests are allowed under free speech, one of the cornerstones of American democracy. Martin Luther King Jr. framed civil disobedience as a commitment to conscience tied to founding revolts of our country like the Boston Tea Party. The issue has loomed over the entire NFL season, which culminates with Sunday's Super Bowl. And a year into his presidency, Trump's Department of Justice has abandoned talk of police reform in favor of support for law enforcement and criticism of activists. Of the players surveyed at the Pro Bowl, 42 said they would support the idea of the NFL going back to keeping teams in the locker room until after the anthem is played, a practice that was changed in 2009 — not that they believe they have much say in what decision league owners will make. \"The league does what the league does,\" said Jackson. \"I don't have any say in it, so I don't care.\" ____ Fred Goodall reported from Orlando. Errin Haines Whack is The Associated Press' national writer for", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00732", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00636", "text": "When the Jalen Ramsey vs. A.J. Green, and Aqib Talib vs. Michael Crabtree in-game tussles played out, Pro Football Hall of Fame defensive back Ronnie Lott thought back to advice he received decades ago, before his San Francisco 49ers faced the Dallas Cowboys. \"A buddy of mine, Dennis Thurman, who played for the Cowboys, called me up before we played them and said, 'Do not get into a talking match with (receivers) Butch Johnson or Drew Pearson.' So I didn't. He was like, 'Stay focused on the game,'\" Lott said. \"I'm sure that some coach or somebody said, 'Don't get caught up in that' to the guys involved in things this season. \"Whatever the coaches said didn't work.\" conflicts between cornerbacks and wideouts are simply unavoidable. It is a unique dynamic in NFL games week after week: On play after play, they match up 1-on-1, with plenty of grabbing and shoving and, yes, yapping mixed in. The tension escalates, especially if one is really outplaying the other. \"It can be like an Ali-Frazier moment,\" said Lott, a cornerback and safety from 1981-94. \"My rookie year, I remember having confrontations. They around the biggest or the littlest thing.\" Broncos cornerback Talib and Raiders receiver Crabtree served one-week suspensions after getting into a fight during a game — a reprise of their skirmish last season. Both times, Talib ripped a gold chain off Crabtree's neck. In another much-discussed episode, Jacksonville's Ramsey and Cincinnati's Green were ejected after a clash that looked straight out of a wrestling ring. \"There's a lot of passion and emotions out of those two positions. It happens a lot in training camp and things like that, same deal,\" Minnesota Vikings receiver Adam Thielen said. \"Even when you're going against your own teammates, it brings a lot of emotion out of you, especially when you're a competitor and you don't like to lose.\" The two episodes this season brought to mind other high-profile dustups. Josh Norman vs. Odell Beckham Jr. Or Andre Johnson vs. Cortland Finnegan. These spats are at least in part a result of what Redskins cornerback Norman describes as a world of constant chatter, gamesmanship and one-upmanship. \"If you stop", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00785", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00637", "text": "In this paper, the second of a series, we study the stellar dynamical and evolutionary processes leading to the formation of compact binaries containing neutron stars (NSs) in dense globular clusters (GCs). For this study, 70 dense clusters were simulated independently, with a total stellar mass ~2x10^7Msun, exceeding the total mass of all dense GCs in our Galaxy. We find that, in order to reproduce the empirically derived formation rate of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), we must assume that NSs can be formed via electron-capture supernovae (ECS) with typical natal kicks smaller than in core-collapse supernovae. Our results explain the observed dependence of the number of LMXBs on ``collision number'' as well as the large scatter observed between different GCs. We predict that the number of quiescent LMXBs in different GCs should not have a strong metallicity dependence. In our cluster model the following mass-gaining events create populations of MSPs that do not match the observations: (i) accretion during a common envelope event with a NS formed through ECS, and (ii) mass transfer (MT) from a WD donor. Some processes lead only to a mild recycling. In addition, for MSPs, we distinguish low-magnetic-field (long-lived) and high-magnetic-field (short-lived) populations. With this distinction and by considering only those mass-gaining events that lead to NS recycling, we obtain good agreement of our models with the numbers and characteristics of observed MSPs in 47 Tuc and Terzan 5, as well as with the cumulative statistics for MSPs detected in GCs of different dynamical properties. We find that significant production of merging double NSs potentially detectable as short gamma-ray bursts occurs only in very dense, most core-collapsed GCs. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 387, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00302", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00638", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Kate Mullany National Historic Site Act''. (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. Sec. 3. Findings and purposes. Sec. 4. Establishment of Kate Mullany National Historic Site. Sec. 5. Acquisition of property. Sec. 6. Administration of historic site. SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act: (1) The term ``historic site'' means the Kate Mullany National Historic Site established by section 4 of this Act. (2) The term ``plan'' means the general management plan developed pursuant to section 6(d). (3) The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of the Interior. SEC. 3. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following: (1) The Kate Mullany House in Troy, New York, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been designated as a National Historic Landmark. (2) The National Historic Landmark Theme Study on American Labor History concluded that the Kate Mullany House meet the criteria of national significance, suitability, and feasibility for inclusion in the National Park System. (3) The city of Troy, New York-- (A) played an important role in the development of the collar and cuff industry and the iron industry in the 19th century, and in the development of early men's and women's worker and cooperative organizations; and (B) was the home of the first women's labor union, led by Irish immigrant Kate Mullany. (4) The city of Troy, New York, with 6 neighboring cities, towns, and villages, entered into a cooperative arrangement to create the Hudson-Mohawk Urban Cultural Park Commission to manage their valuable historic resources and the area within these municipalities has been designated by the State of New York as a heritage area to represent industrial development and labor themes in the State's development. (5) This area, known as the Hudson-Mohawk Urban Cultural Park or RiverSpark, has been a pioneer in the development of partnership parks where intergovernmental and public and private partnerships bring about the conservation of our heritage and the attainment of goals for preservation, education, recreation, and", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01109", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00639", "text": "the age of 18 years. ``(2) Prohibition.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), any person that-- ``(A) keeps a loaded firearm, or an unloaded firearm and ammunition for the firearm, any of which has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce or otherwise substantially affects interstate or foreign commerce, within any premise that is under the custody or control of that person; and ``(B) knows, or reasonably should know, that a juvenile is capable of gaining access to the firearm without the permission of the parent or legal guardian of the juvenile, shall, if a juvenile obtains access to the firearm and thereby causes death or bodily injury to the juvenile or to any other person, or exhibits the firearm either in a public place, or in violation of subsection (q), be imprisoned not more than 1 year, fined not more than $10,000, or both. ``(3) Exceptions.--Paragraph (2) does not apply if-- ``(A) the person uses a secure gun storage or safety device for the firearm; ``(B) the person is a peace officer, a member of the Armed Forces, or a member of the National Guard, and the juvenile obtains the firearm during, or incidental to, the performance of the official duties of the person in that capacity; ``(C) the juvenile obtains, or obtains and discharges, the firearm in a lawful act of self-defense or defense of 1 or more other persons; ``(D) the person has no reasonable expectation, based on objective facts and circumstances, that a juvenile is to be present on the premises on which the firearm is kept; or ``(E) the juvenile obtains the firearm as a result of unlawful entry by the juvenile.''. (c) Role of Licensed Firearms Dealers.--Section 926 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(d) The Secretary shall ensure that a copy of section 922(z) appears on the form required to be obtained by a licensed dealer from a prospective transferee of a firearm.''. (d) No Effect on State Law.--Nothing in this section or the amendments made by this section shall be construed to preempt any provision of the law of any State, the purpose of which is to prevent children from injuring themselves or others with firearms.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 465, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01125", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00640", "text": "We present measurements of the color and luminosity dependence of galaxy clustering at z~1 in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey. Using volume-limited subsamples in bins of both color and luminosity, we find that: 1) The clustering dependence is much stronger with color than with luminosity and is as strong with color at z~1 as is found locally. We find no dependence of the clustering amplitude on color for galaxies on the red sequence, but a significant dependence on color for galaxies within the blue cloud. 2) For galaxies in the range L/L*~0.7-2, a stronger large-scale luminosity dependence is seen for all galaxies than for red and blue galaxies separately. The small-scale clustering amplitude depends significantly on luminosity for blue galaxies, with brighter samples having a stronger rise on scales r_p<0.5 Mpc/h. 3) Redder galaxies exhibit stronger small-scale redshift-space distortions (\"fingers of god\"), and both red and blue populations show large-scale distortions in xi(r_p,pi) due to coherent infall. 4) While the clustering length, r_0, increases smoothly with galaxy color (in narrow bins), its power-law exponent, gamma, exhibits a sharp jump from the blue cloud to the red sequence. The intermediate color `green' galaxy population includes transitional galaxies moving from the blue cloud to the red sequence; on large scales green galaxies are as clustered as red galaxies but show infall kinematics and a small-scale correlation slope akin to the blue galaxy population. 5) We compare our results to a semi-analytic galaxy formation model applied to the Millenium Run simulation. Differences between the data and the model suggest that in the model star formation is shut down too efficiently in satellite galaxies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 363, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00418", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00641", "text": "We discuss the results of continued spectroscopic monitoring of the variable intermediate-velocity (IV) absorption at v = -38 km/s toward HD 219188. After reaching maxima in mid-2000, the column densities of both Na I and Ca II in that IV component declined by factors >= 2 by the end of 2006. Comparisons between HST/STIS echelle spectra obtained in 2001, 2003, and 2004 and HST/GHRS echelle spectra obtained in 1994--1995 indicate the following: (1) The absorption from the dominant species S II, O I, Si II, and Fe II is roughly constant in all four sets of spectra -- suggesting that the total N(H) and the (mild) depletions have not changed significantly over a period of nearly ten years. (2) The column densities of the trace species C I (both ground and excited fine-structure states) and of the excited state C II* all increased by factors of 2--5 between 1995 and 2001 -- implying increases in the hydrogen density n_H (from about 20 cm^{-3} to about 45 cm^{-3}) and in the electron density n_e (by a factor >= 3) over that 6-year period. (3) The column densities of C I and C II* -- and the corresponding inferred n_H and n_e -- then decreased slightly between 2001 and 2004. (4) The changes in C I and C II* are very similar to those seen for Na I and Ca II. The relatively low total N(H) and the modest n_H suggest that the -38 km/s cloud toward HD 219188 is not a very dense knot or filament. Partial ionization of hydrogen be responsible for the enhanced abundances of Na I, C I, Ca II, and C II*. In this case, the variations in those species reflect differences in density and ionization [and not N(H)] over scales of tens of AU.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 420, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00316", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00642", "text": "Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly mocked as being used as a marketing term. But AI is also being used to create some legitimately useful tools. So, to beat back some of the less useful uses of the term, here are five things AI actually be good for: 1. Farming FarmLogs is an example of complex data analysis that tracks weather, soil conditions, historical satellite imagery and helps farmers determine what kind of plant growth to expect and how to maximize crop yields. SEE: Farming for the future: How one company uses big data to maximize yields and minimize impact (TechRepublic) 2. Medical diagnosis Watson made this use of AI famous, and while you can debate its effectiveness, others like Intel are working on things like precision medicine. Machine learning can compare molecular tests with previous cases to customize treatments. Computer interpretation of medical images as an aid to diagnosis is also making rapid advances. SEE: Beware AI's magical promises, as seen in IBM Watson's underwhelming cancer play (TechRepublic) 3. Stopping predators The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children is experimenting with AI to help automate and speed up scanning websites for suspicious content. SEE: IT leader's guide to deep learning (Tech Pro Research) 4. Recruiting AI can help sort through resumes and rank candidates. Unilever used an AI called HireVue to analyze candidates' answers body language and tone, cutting down time to hire and increasing offers and acceptance rates. SEE: How to implement AI and machine learning (ZDNet) | Download the report as a PDF (TechRepublic) 5. Customer service AI assistants were made famous by smartphones, but where they really shine is providing assistance to human customer service agents. AI can be used to process natural language and route people to the right agent and even listen in and prompt agents with queries and responses. We didn't even include autonomous cars, which use all kinds of machine learning and types of AI to interpret sensors. And there are loads more. There's a lot of fog around the idea of AI these days, but if you look closely you can see some pretty good examples of the real thing. For more about artificial intelligence and other innovations, subscribe to our Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 456, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00519", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00643", "text": "BERLIN (AP) — An activist group on Tuesday published a database of information on suspected chemical attacks in Syria , adding to a growing collection of videos and images documenting alleged war crimes during the seven-year conflict. The Syrian Archive, which works with human rights groups such as Amnesty International, said it has verified 861 videos covering some 212 attacks — most of them believed to have been carried out by government forces. The material comes from 193 sources and much of it was uploaded to social media by ordinary Syrians, the group's co-founder, Hadi al-Khatib, told an audience in Berlin. Al-Khatib, who has lived in Germany since 2014, said the group wants to preserve sensitive material from disappearing , so that it eventually be used to bring those responsible for war crimes to trial. But the team, which is spread across Europe and the Middle East, also wants to \"add value\" to the raw material, such as by determining the location where a video was taken and, most importantly, verifying that it shows what is claimed. The Syrian Archive cooperates with the open source journalism site Bellingcat that has made a name for itself forensically examining footage from war zones. While most of the chemical attacks documented by the group are alleged to have been carried out by forces loyal to President Bashar Assad, including most recently in the town of Douma near Damascus, a handful have been attributed to rebel forces and the Islamic State extremist group, said Abdulrahman al-Jaloud, one of the Syrian Archive's researchers. Al-Khatib said he and fellow activists try not to get disheartened by the fact that efforts to bring those responsible for war crimes in Syria to trial have so far been unsuccessful. \"That doesn't mean we should stop,\" he said. \"We are looking forward to the day when we can use this material, because the reconstruction of Syria must include acknowledging, investigating and prosecuting crimes.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00816", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00644", "text": "We report the conjectures on the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model on simple orthorhombic lattices, together with the details of calculations for a putative exact solution. Two conjectures, an additional rotation in the fourth curled-up dimension and the weight factors on the eigenvectors, are proposed to serve as a boundary condition to deal with the topologic problem of the 3D Ising model. The partition function of the 3D simple orthorhombic Ising model is evaluated by spinor analysis, by employing these conjectures. Based on the validity of the conjectures, the critical temperature of the simple orthorhombic Ising lattices determined by the relation of KK* = KK' + KK'' + K'K'' or sinh 2K sinh 2(K' + K'' + K'K''/K) = 1. For a simple cubic Ising lattice, the critical point is putatively determined to locate exactly at the golden ratio xc = exp(-2Kc) = (sq(5) - 1)/2, as derived from K* = 3K or sinh 2K sinh 6K = 1. If the conjectures would be true, the specific heat of the simple orthorhombic Ising system would show a logarithmic singularity at the critical point of the phase transition. The spontaneous magnetization and the spin correlation functions of the simple orthorhombic Ising ferromagnet are derived explicitly. The putative critical exponents derived explicitly for the simple orthorhombic Ising lattices are alpha = 0, beta = 3/8, gamma = 5/4, delta = 13/3, eta = 1/8 and nu = 2/3, showing the universality behavior and satisfying the scaling laws. The cooperative phenomena near the critical point are studied and the results obtained based on the conjectures are compared with those of the approximation methods and the experimental findings. The 3D to 2D crossover phenomenon differs with the 2D to 1D crossover phenomenon and there is a gradual crossover of the exponents from the 3D values to the 2D ones.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 462, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00127", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00645", "text": "\"They did not respond. In fact, law enforcement was standing passively by, waiting for violence to take place, so that they would have grounds to declare an emergency, declare an 'unlawful assembly' and clear the area.\" Charles Ramsey, who formerly headed the police in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C., told the Post that demonstrators and counter-demonstrators \"need to be in sight and sound of each other, but somebody has to be in between.... That's usually the police.\" \"The whole point is to have overwhelming force so that people don't get the idea they can do these kinds of things and get away with it,\" he said. An NPR request for comment from the Charlottesville Police Department was not returned. Lt. Joseph Hatter, a commander with the Charlottesville police, told the Post that officers tried to create separate areas. \"It didn't work, did it?\" he admitted. \"there was a plan to have them separated. They didn't want to be separated.\" He told the newspaper that he doesn't know that police waited to react to the violence. \"we did the best we could under the circumstances.\" Public Assembly and Public Space Questions about how governments manage protests are to continue, and to be argued in court. On Friday, a federal judge granted a temporary injunction, ruling that the city could not revoke the permit it had issued to Kessler to hold the demonstration in Emancipation Park. In his opinion, Judge Glen Conrad said Kessler was to prevail on his claim that Charlottesville's decision to revoke his permit was content-based. \"Kessler's assertion in this regard is supported by the fact that the City solely revoked his permit, but left in place the permits issued to counter-protestors,\" Conrad wrote. \"The disparity in treatment between the two groups with opposing views suggests that the defendants' decision to revoke Kessler's permit was based on the content of his speech rather than other neutral factors that would be equally applicable to Kessler and those protesting against him. This conclusion is bolstered by other evidence, including communications on social media indicating that members of City Council oppose Kessler's political viewpoint.\" The judge wrote further that though the city maintained its decision to revoke Kessler's permit was due to the number of people to attend his demonstration, \"their concerns in this regard are purely speculative.\" He added, \"there is no evidence to support the notion that many thousands of individuals are to attend the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00668", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00646", "text": "of the story. Even the youngest child at the table has a role, reading questions about the significance of what’s going on. “And the Haggadah, which comes from the Hebrew word which means ‘The telling,’ is the book that you use in order to tell the story,” Nathan says. “The book has prayers, it has explanations, it has rituals, all integrated into one book.” Nathan says there are many different versions of the Haggadah that tell the story from a different angles, but the prayers and the rituals that are involved are pretty consistent from one community to another around the world. But she says the ritual food at the Passover Seder can vary greatly from community to community, since the Jewish people have lived all over the world. “How one makes the maror, which is the bitter herb, or how one prepares charoses, which is a fruit and wine and nut mixture which is supposed to represent the mortar that the Israelite slaves used to build the brick pyramids while they were enslaved, depending on where you are in the world, those ingredients be different,” Nathan says. In the center of the table, is the Seder plate, where all the symbolic foods are displayed. For the last three decades, an orange has been added to some Seder plates. The story that’s been passed around is that a man once scoffed that a woman belonged on the bima, or on the Jewish pulpit, like an orange belonged on a Seder plate. So some people have started putting oranges on their Seder plates to support women’s rights. But Nathan says the story isn’t true. The real story she says is that Susannah Heschel, a Jewish scholar, came across a Hagaddah written by students at Oberlin College when she was a speaker there. “One of their concerns was that lesbians and gay people in general were shut out of Jewish life,” Nathan says. “And that they initially put a crust of bread on the Seder plate, or wrote a story of what it be like to put a crust of bread on a Seder plate, meaning that it would bring the Seder to a close. It would ruin Passover.” Nathan says in the 80s, these women said they felt like they were a piece of bread at a Seder. They did not belong. They were pushed out. “But Heschel didn’t want to use bread because bread ruins the S", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00638", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00647", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Social Security Number Protection Act of 2005''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress makes the following findings: (1) The inappropriate sale or purchase of Social Security numbers is a significant factor in a growing range of illegal activities, including fraud, identity theft, and, in some cases, stalking and other violent crimes. (2) While financial institutions, health care providers, and other entities have often used Social Security numbers to confirm the identity of an individual, the sale or purchase of these numbers often facilitates the commission of criminal activities, and also can result in serious invasions of individual privacy. (3) The Federal Government requires virtually every individual in the United States to obtain and maintain a Social Security number in order to pay taxes, to qualify for Social Security benefits, or to seek employment. An unintended consequence of these requirements is that Social Security numbers have become tools that can be used to facilitate crime, fraud, and invasions of the privacy of the individuals to whom the numbers are assigned. Because the Federal Government created and maintains this system, and because the Federal Government does not permit persons to exempt themselves from those requirements, it is appropriate for the Government to take steps to stem the abuse of this system. (4) A Social Security number is simply a sequence of numbers. In no meaningful sense can the number itself impart knowledge or ideas. Persons do not sell or transfer such numbers in order to convey any particularized message, nor to express to the purchaser any ideas, knowledge, or thoughts. (5) A Social Security number does not contain, reflect, or convey any publicly significant information or concern any public issue. The sale of such numbers in no way facilitates uninhibited, robust and wide-open public debate; and restrictions on such sale would not affect public debate. (6) No one should seek to profit from the sale of Social Security numbers in circumstances that create a substantial risk of physical, emotional, or financial harm to the individuals to whom those numbers are assigned. (7) Consequently, Congress should enact legislation that will offer individuals assigned such numbers necessary protection from the sale and purchase of Social Security numbers in circumstances that facilitate unlawful conduct or that otherwise result in unfair and deceptive practices. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal Trade Commission. (2) Person.--The term ``person'' means any", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00965", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00648", "text": "add requirements to the U.S. law governing implementation of the deal so that sanctions, waived as part of the deal, put back in place if Iran continues with non-nuclear activity that the U.S. deems unacceptable. The Trump administration has also been trying to persuade the European nations that negotiated the deal with the Obama administration to accept side deals under which they would join the U.S. in re-imposing sanctions if Iran continues ballistic missile testing or refuses U.N. inspections of sensitive sites. Trump's threats to rip up the painstakingly negotiated deal have become a key point of tension between the U.S. and European nations. China and Russia, two Security Council nations that are part of the nuclear deal, have been particularly reluctant to impose additional conditions on Iran, and have cast doubt on U.S. allegations that Tehran is funneling weapons to the Houthis to be used against U.S. allies like Saudi Arabia. Haley said that skepticism came across as their ambassadors viewed the missile parts on display in Washington. \"The Chinese just took notes,\" Haley said. \"The Russians questioned the missiles, how they got to Yemen.\" Haley's message to the Russians: \"How do you dispute this? It's got 'Made in Iran' welded on it,\" she said, referring figuratively to markings on the missiles that U.S. defense officials say suggest Iranian origin. During the daylong visit, Haley took ambassadors to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum with national security adviser H.R. McMaster and to lunch at the White House with Trump, where discussions focused on international hotspots such as Syria, North Korea and terrorism. Each ambassador had the chance to take a photo with the president — including Russia's envoy to the U.N., who took the president up on the opportunity, Haley said. She said several ambassadors later conveyed to her a similar impression of the president: \"He wasn't anything like what we see on TV.\" ____ Reach Josh Lederman on Twitter at http://twitter.com/joshledermanAP", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 402, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00818", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00649", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Veteran Education Empowerment Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) Over 1,000,000 veterans attended institutions of higher education in 2012. (2) Veterans face unique hardships in transitioning from the battlefield to the classroom and eventually to the workforce. (3) The National Endowment for the Humanities' Warrior- Scholar Project found that ``veterans transitioning to college have not used academic skills since high school and have difficulty adjusting to a fundamentally different social and cultural environment, [leading] to veterans dropping out of college before earning their degree''. (4) The National Education Association found that veteran students can feel lonely and vulnerable on campus and that ``connecting student veterans can effectively ease this isolation'' by bringing together new veteran students with those who have already successfully navigated the first few semesters of college. (5) The unemployment rate for post--9/11 veterans far outpaces both the overall non-veteran unemployment rate and the unemployment rate for non-veterans entering the workforce for the first time. (6) According to Mission United--a United Way program that helps veterans re-acclimate to civilian life--it is often ``essential'' for veteran students to be mentored by ``another veteran who understands their mindset and experience''. (7) Veteran student centers are recognized as an institutional best practice by the Student Veterans of America. (8) The American Council on Education, which represents more than 1,700 institutions of higher education across the country, has called having a dedicated space for veterans on campus ``a promising way for colleges and universities to better serve veterans on campus'' and a ``critical'' component of many colleges' efforts to serve their veteran students. (9) Budget constraints often make it difficult or impossible for institutions of higher education to dedicate space to veteran offices, lounges, or student centers. (10) The 110th Congress authorized the funding of veteran student centers through the Centers of Excellence for Veteran Student Success under part T of title VIII of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1161t). (11) According to the Department of Education, federally funded veteran student centers and staff have generated improved recruitment, retention, and graduation rates, have helped veteran students feel better connected across campus, and have directly contributed to student veterans' successful academic outcomes. SEC. 3.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00941", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00650", "text": "We report the results of infrared (8 micron) transit and secondary eclipse photometry of the hot Neptune exoplanet, GJ436b using Spitzer. The nearly photon-limited precision of these data allow us to measure an improved radius for the planet, and to detect the secondary eclipse. The transit (centered at HJD = 2454280.78149 +/-0.00016) shows the flat-bottomed shape typical of infrared transits, and it precisely defines the planet-to-star radius ratio (0.0839 +/-0.0005), independent of the stellar properties. However, we obtain the planetary radius, as well as the stellar mass and radius, by fitting to the transit curve simultaneously with an empirical mass-radius relation for M-dwarfs (M=R). We find Rs=Ms=0.47 +/-0.02 in solar units, and Rp=27,600 +/-1170 km (4.33 +/-0.18 Earth radii). This radius significantly exceeds the radius of a naked ocean planet, and requires a gasesous hydrogen-helium envelope. The secondary eclipse occurs at phase 0.587 +/-0.005, proving a significant orbital eccentricity (e=0.15 +/-0.012). The amplitude of the eclipse (5.7 +/-0.8e-4) indicates a brightness temperature for the planet of T=712 +/-36K. If this is indicative of the planet's physical temperature, it suggests the occurrence of tidal heating in the planet. An uncharacterized second planet provides ongoing gravitational perturbations, to maintain GJ436b's orbit eccentricity over long time scales.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 335, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00372", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00651", "text": "We report the discovery of two extremely low luminosity globular clusters in the Milky Way Halo. These objects were detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 and confirmed with deeper imaging at the Calar Alto Observatory. The clusters, Koposov 1 and Koposov 2, are located at $\\sim 40-50$ kpc and have old stellar populations and luminosities of only $M_V \\sim -1$ mag. Their observed sizes of $\\sim 3$ pc are well within the expected tidal limit of $\\sim$10 pc at that distance. Together with Palomar 1, AM 4 and Whiting 1, these new clusters are the lowest luminosity globulars orbiting the Milky Way, with Koposov 2 the most extreme. Koposov 1 lie close to distant branch of the Sagittarius stream. The half-mass relaxation times of Koposov 1 and 2 are only $\\sim 70$ and $\\sim 55$ Myr respectively (2 orders of magnitude shorter than the age of the stellar populations), so it would seem that they have undergone drastic mass segregation. Since they do not be very concentrated, their evaporation timescales may be as low as $\\sim 0.1 t_{\\rm Hubble}$. These discoveries show that the structural parameter space of globular clusters in the Milky Way halo is not yet fully explored. They also add, through their short remaining survival times, significant direct evidence for a once much larger population of globular clusters.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00201", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00652", "text": "A new malware campaign is making its way into businesses through a malicious PowerPoint email attachment, Trend Micro research has found. According to blog post, CVE-2017-0199 traditionally utilizes RTF documents, and this is the first time it has been seen to abuse PowerPoint Slide Show in the wild. The malware comes in an email that be from a company that manufactures cables. The email tells the recipient to see the order and asks for them to quote cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) and free on board (FOB) prices as well. Due to the targeted nature of the email, as the criminals are typically going after electronics companies, the post said, the email is being considered a spear phishing attack. In the sample email provided by Trend Micro, the attachment is titled PO-483848.ppsx. In that case, PO short for purchase order, in an effort to increase the perceived legitimacy of the PowerPoint file. SEE: 10 ways to minimize fileless malware infections If the victim opens the attached file, there will be no purchase order, not even any fake text attempting to be one. It simply reads: CVE-2017-8570. That's the name of another Microsoft vulnerability, the post said, but not the one that this particular malware is targeting. PowerPoint then initializes a script moniker and runs the malicious payload, the post said. If successful, it will download an XML file from the internet. Some JavaScript code in that XML file runs a PowerShell command that downloads and executes a remote access tool. At this point, the attackers will be able to run remote commands on the victim's machine. \"The tool's capabilities are quite comprehensive, and includes a download & execute command, a keylogger, a screen logger, and recorders for both webcam and microphone,\" the post said. The biggest issue for this given attack is the fact that it comes by way of a PowerPoint file. Most current detection methods focus on the RTF delivery method, so that means attackers utilizing the PPSX files could have an easier time avoiding antivirus detection, the post said. To protect against attacks like this one, businesses should make sure that their systems are properly patched and updated to account for any known vulnerabilities. Also, users should be regularly educated on proper security hygiene and email etiquette. The 3 big takeaways for TechRepublic readers A new spear phishing campaign is using PowerPoint files to exploit the CVE-2017-0199 and deliver", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00551", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00653", "text": "either. There's opportunities for us to mimic or build our own. it's still early days, but the biggest thing that we're looking to do now is influence a space that could benefit from new thinking, right, the business of media really trying to figure out how to strengthen media companies, how to allow them to evolve, how can get we give power back to creators, right? How do we give velocity to independent thought and a platform, where people could drive revenue and earn what they should earn, based off their ideas? An analogy... Or, sorry. I hate sports analogies, but an analogy- Patterson: I love sports analogies- Dicker: And hopefully, the audience does, as well. But the way that free agency works in sports, right, does not really exist when it comes to media or content. So each writer is somewhat valued the same. I mean, we look at certain nuances like Twitter followers, or tenure, right, or work that they've completed. But in sports, you have this opportunity where every single quarterback is rated, right, in front of the public based on their skillset, based on their salaries, based on all these different set of criteria. In media, that really doesn't exist, right. So what if we can build these sort of valuations and services to set up, so that we can actually pinpoint the value of content and the value of media that everyone is creating, which personally, I believe is extremely undervalued right now. And I'm sure you agree, as well, and anyone who works in this space constantly is telling people that, \"Content cost money. Content is valuable. It costs a lot to create great content. If you want good content, you need to pay for it.\" But what we need to do is start proving these things, and in order to prove these things, we need to set up dynamics and platforms in order to do so, and that's kind of what we're doing here. For more on blockchain and other world-changing technology, subscribe to our Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 426, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00532", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00654", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Family Life Education Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) The American Medical Association (``AMA''), the American Nurses Association (``ANA''), the American Academy of Pediatrics (``AAP''), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (``ACOG''), the American Public Health Association (``APHA''), and the Society of Adolescent Medicine (``SAM''), support responsible sexuality education that includes information about both abstinence and contraception. (2) Recent scientific reports by the Institute of Medicine, the American Medical Association and the Office on National AIDS Policy stress the need for sexuality education that includes messages about abstinence and provides young people with information about contraception for the prevention of teen pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (``STDs''). (3) Research shows that teenagers who receive sexuality education that includes discussion of contraception are more than those who receive abstinence-only messages to delay sexual activity and to use contraceptives when they do become sexually active. (4) Comprehensive sexuality education programs respect the diversity of values and beliefs represented in the community and will complement and augment the sexuality education children receive from their families. (5) The median age of puberty is 13 years and the average age of marriage is nearly 26 years old. American teens need access to full, complete, and medically and factually accurate information regarding sexuality, including contraception, STD/ HIV prevention, and abstinence. (6) Although teen pregnancy rates are decreasing, there are still nearly 900,000 teen pregnancies each year. Nearly 80 percent of teen pregnancies among 15- to 19-year olds are unintended. (7) Research shows that 75 percent of the decrease in teen pregnancy between 1988 and 1995 was due to improved contraceptive use, while 25 percent was due to increased abstinence. (8) More than eight out of ten Americans believe that young people should have information about protecting themselves from unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. (9) United States teens acquire an estimated 4,000,000 sexually transmitted infections each year. By age 24, at least one in three sexually active people will have contracted a sexually transmitted disease. (10) An average of two young people in the United States are infected with HIV every hour of every day. African Americans and Hispanic youth have been disproportionately affected by", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01035", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00655", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Free Speech About Science Act of 2010''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds the following: (1) Federal regulators have forbidden-- (A) cherry growers and food producers to cite independent and respected scientific research on their produce that references health benefits; and (B) a variety of dietary supplement makers to cite independent scientific research on health benefits from supplements from respected, peer-reviewed scientific journals. (2) Americans want access and have a right to access legitimate scientific information about foods and dietary supplements to ensure informed decisions about diet and health care. While the American public is inundated daily with advertisements about prescription drugs for health conditions, many of which prevented through lifestyle changes, proper nutrition, and informed use of dietary supplements, Americans are denied access to the very information that assists in making informed lifestyle and health care decisions. (3) Providing access to scientific information promotes self-responsibility, thereby empowering Americans to exercise independent judgment in caring for themselves and ultimately reducing health care costs and improving quality of life. (4) The United States has a long commitment to the free dissemination of scientific research with the exception of limited extreme situations for national security. This commitment goes back to the First Amendment to the Constitution and has contributed vitally to the Nation's economic progress. SEC. 3. MISBRANDED FOOD AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. Section 403(r) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(r)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (3)-- (A) by redesignating clause (D) as clause (E); (B) by inserting after clause (C) the following: ``(D) Notwithstanding the provisions of clauses (A)(i) and (B), a claim of the type described in subparagraph (1)(B) which is not authorized by the Secretary in a regulation promulgated in accordance with clause (B) shall be authorized and may be made with respect to a food if-- ``(i) the claim is based on legitimate scientific research; ``(ii) the claim and the food for which the claim is made are in compliance with clause (A)(ii) and are otherwise in compliance with paragraph (a) and section 201(n); ``(iii) the claim is stated in a manner so that the claim-- ``(I) is an accurate balanced summary of such research; and ``(", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00902", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00656", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — Janet Yellen's final Federal Reserve policy meeting will bring an uneventful end this week to her four-year tenure as Fed chair but offer hints of the central bank's approach to interest rates in the months to follow. Yellen, the first woman to lead the world's most influential central bank, will step down when her term expires at the end of this week. She will be succeeded by Jerome Powell, a Fed board member whose nomination as chairman the Senate approved 84-13 last week. Powell, who has served on the central bank's board since 2012, is a lawyer and investment manager by training and will be the first Fed leader in 30 years not to hold a Ph.D. in economics. President Donald Trump chose Powell for the post rather than offer Yellen a second term despite widespread praise for her performance as chair. The evidence so far suggests that a Powell-led Fed will generally follow the same cautious approach to raising interest rates that Yellen pursued during her tenure as Fed chair, at least in its early months. With the job market healthy and inflation tame, most economists say there is little reason for any abrupt change in Fed policy. \"Chair Yellen gets to leave on a high note, with strong growth and low unemployment,\" said Diane Swonk, chief economist and a managing director at audit firm Grant Thornton. The unemployment rate is at a 17-year low of 4.1 percent, and the economy expanded at a solid 2.6 percent annual rate in the October-December quarter, helping lift growth for all of 2017 to a decent 2.3 percent. Synchronized growth in major regions across the global economy has helped energize the U.S. economy. And a sweeping tax overhaul that Trump pushed through Congress last month is expected to further support U.S. growth. Traders in the financial markets foresee a 96 percent chance that they Fed will leave rates alone when its meeting ends Wednesday, according to data tracked by the CME Group. The next rate increase is expected in March; traders see a 78 percent likelihood then. The March policy meeting will also be the first time that Powell is scheduled to hold a news conference, something the leader of the Fed does four times a year. Economists are roughly divided on whether they think Fed's policymakers will raise rates three times this year, as they did in 2017, or four times. The pivotal factor will be how inflation", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00756", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00657", "text": "The Hyades K2V+WD system 471 Tau is a prototype post-common envelope system and a cataclysmic binary progenitor. We present 10 days of nearly continuous optical photometry by the MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) satellite and partly simultaneous optical spectroscopy from DDO (David Dunlap Observatory) of the binary. The photometric data indicate that the spot coverage of the K dwarf component was less than observed in the past, suggesting that we monitored the star close to a minimum in its activity cycle. Despite the low spot activity, we still detected seven flare-like events whose estimated energies are among the highest ever observed in V471 Tau and whose times of occurrence do not correlate with the binary orbital phase. A detailed O-C analysis of the times of eclipse over the last ~35 years reveals timing variations which explained in several ways, including perturbations by an as-yet-undetected third body in the system or by a small orbital eccentricity inducing slow apsidal motion. The DDO spectra result in improved determinations of the K dwarf projected rotation velocity, V_K sin i = 92 km s^-1, and the orbital amplitude, K_K=150.5 km s^-1. The spectra also allow us to measure changes in H_alpha emission strength and radial velocity (RV) variations. We measure a larger H_alpha velocity amplitude than found previously suggesting that the source of the emission in V471 Tau was less concentrated around the sub-white-dwarf point on the K star than had been observed in previous studies.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 319, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00260", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00658", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Sensible Advertising and Family Education Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Alcohol is by far the drug most widely used and abused by young people in the United States today, even though it is illegal for youths under the age of 21 to purchase alcohol in all 50 of the States and the District of Columbia. (2) According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, an estimated 18,000,000 persons in the United States who are 18 or older currently experience problems as a result of alcohol use. An estimated 4,500,000 young people are dependent on alcohol or are problem drinkers. (3) According to the 1995 National Institute on Drug Abuse survey of high school students and young adults (entitled ``Monitoring the Future''), 80 percent of high school seniors, 71 percent of tenth graders, and 56 percent of eighth graders had used alcohol at least once. Twenty-eight percent of high school seniors, 24 percent of tenth graders, and 15 percent of eighth graders had experienced a ``binge'' of 5 or more drinks in a row within the past 2 weeks. Among college students, 88 percent reported having used alcohol and 40 percent reported occasions of binge drinking, including 31 percent of the females and 52 percent of the males. (4) The average age at which young people begin drinking is 13. By age 13, approximately 30 percent of boys and 22 percent of girls classify themselves as drinkers. According to the 1995 ``Monitoring the Future'' survey, 14 percent of high school seniors reported having been drunk by eighth grade, 30 percent by ninth grade, 43 percent by tenth grade, and 60 percent by twelfth grade. Studies demonstrate that the use of alcohol before the age of 15 be one of the predictors of later heavy alcohol and other drug use. (5) According to a national survey on youth and alcohol (Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, 1991), the average binge drinker is a 16 year-old male in the tenth grade who was 12 years old when he took his first drink. (6) Young people are not well informed about the hazards of alcohol use. More than one quarter of high school seniors do not view taking", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00868", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00659", "text": "appropriate regulations and incentives for the replacement of such devices with alternative technologies in order to reduce the number of sealed sources in the United States; and ``(viii) the creation of or modifications to procedures for improving the security of sealed sources in use, transportation, and storage, which may include periodic Commission audits or inspections to ensure that sealed sources are properly secured and can be fully accounted for, Commission evaluation of security measures, increased fines for violations of Commission regulations relating to security and safety measures applicable to licensees who possess sealed sources, background checks for certain individuals with access to sealed sources, assurances of the physical security of facilities that contain sealed sources, and the screening of shipments to facilities particularly at risk for sabotage of sealed sources to ensure that they do not contain explosives. ``b. Commission Actions.--Not later than 60 days after receipt by Congress and the President of the report required under subsection a.(3)(B), the Commission, in accordance with the recommendations of the task force, shall take any appropriate actions, including commencing revision of its system for licensing sealed sources, and shall take necessary steps to ensure that States that have entered into an agreement under section 274 b. establish compatible programs in a timely manner. ``c. National Academy of Sciences Study.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Commission shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for a study of industrial, research, and commercial uses for sealed sources. The study shall review the current uses for sealed sources, identifying industrial or other processes that utilize sealed sources that replaced with economically and technically equivalent (or improved) processes that do not require the use of radioactive materials. The Commission shall transmit the results of the study to Congress within 24 months after the date of the enactment of this section. ``d. Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term `sealed source' means any byproduct material or special nuclear material encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the material, except that such term does not include fuel or spent fuel.''. (b) Table of Sections Amendment.--The table of sections of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to chapter 14 the following new items: ``Sec. 170B. Uranium supply. ``Sec. 170C. Radiation source protection.''.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 481, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00952", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00660", "text": "The spatial coherence of a measured variable (e.g. temperature or pressure) is often studied to determine the regions where this variable varies the most or to find teleconnections, i.e. correlations between specific regions. While usual methods to find spatial patterns, such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA), are constrained by linear symmetries, the dependence of variables such as temperature or pressure at different locations is generally nonlinear. In particular, large deviations from the sample mean are expected to be strongly affected by such nonlinearities. Here we apply a newly developed nonlinear technique (Maxima of Cumulant Function, MCF) for the detection of typical spatial patterns that largely deviate from the mean. In order to test the technique and to introduce the methodology, we focus on the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and its spatial patterns. We find nonsymmetric temperature patterns corresponding to El Nino and La Nina, and we compare the results of MCF with other techniques, such as the symmetric solutions of PCA, and the nonsymmetric solutions of Nonlinear PCA (NLPCA). We found that MCF solutions are more reliable than the NLPCA fits, and can capture mixtures of principal components. Finally, we apply Extreme Value Theory on the temporal variations extracted from our methodology. We find that the tails of the distribution of extreme temperatures during La Nina episodes is bounded, while the tail during El Ninos is less to be bounded. This implies that the mean spatial patterns of the two phases are asymmetric, as well as the behaviour of their extremes.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 307, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00394", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00662", "text": "going to face. The second is going to be a more technical and execution challenge, which is the availability of the technology, the trials that need to go through in a very satisfactory fashion worldwide so that people get enough confidence to go and deploy the technology at a very large scale, which I don't think is a question of if, it is more a question of when. I guess the challenge would be more for delay rather than really making it happen. Patterson: Manish, that that is a great point. I wonder if you could leave us with say, the next 18- to 36-months in the rollout of 5G. Where are we in a year, year and a half, and where are we in three or four years? Vyas: I would say in three to four years time, I would be surprised if the world is not entirely enabled by 5G. When I say that with a sense of responsibility that there would be still be a certain set of companies that may not adopt it, because of how they would want to position it, which would be challenging, and they would be under tremendous pressure, but I believe that in the next three to four years, as the other technologies also evolve, the other software technologies, I believe in the next three to four years, we will see a very large scale deployment worldwide. In the imminent short-term, the 18, 20 months, we will see the early adopters clearly making progress. This year alone, we see some of the major tier-one service providers in the North American continent, we will see them doing about 12 to 15 trials. By that, I mean 12 to 15 locations or cities would be 5G-enabled by the end of the year. For more about the latest tech innovations, subscribe to our Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 378, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00523", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00663", "text": "The Trump administration is giving insurance companies an extra three weeks to decide whether to offer insurance plans through the Affordable Care Act markets, and how much to charge. The extension comes as insurance companies wait for President Trump to decide whether he will continue to make payments to insurance companies that are called for under the Affordable Care Act but that some Republicans have opposed. The payments — known as cost-sharing reduction payments — reimburse insurance companies for discounts on copayments and deductibles that they're required by law to offer to low-income customers. The Congressional Budget Office estimates the payments this year would be about $7 billion. Trump has said he may end the reimbursements, which he calls \"bailouts,\" and has been leaving insurers to wonder month to month about whether they will receive a check. A White House spokesman says Trump is \"working with his staff and his Cabinet to consider the issues raised by the CSR payments.\" The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services says it is offering the extra time so insurance companies can plan ahead in case the government decides to end the payments. In a memo Friday, the agency said many states are now requiring companies to file their rates for 2018 on the assumption that they won't be reimbursed. Several companies say that without the cost-sharing payments, their rates will see double-digit increases. For example, Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina says ending the payments would push its rates up 14.1 percent. And Marc Harrison, CEO of Intermountain Healthcare, which covers 173,000 people in Idaho and Utah, says premium increases \"astonishing.\" Still, he says, his company will stick with the Obamacare markets. \"These are our patients. We're not going anywhere. We're going to keep trying to figure this out.\" The HHS memo says \"there have been no changes regarding HHS's ability to make cost-sharing reduction payments to insurers.\" But it then says the agency intends to change the ACA's risk adjustment program to compensate for the loss of cost-sharing payments. The changes are technical and complex, but Timothy Jost, professor emeritus at Washington & Lee University's law school, says in a Health Affairs blog that the memo just deepens the confusion. \"We still do not know if all of this is needed or not — the Trump administration has not made up its mind,\" he says. The cost-sharing payments have been at the center of a political battle over the Affordable Care Act since before President Trump took", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00620", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00664", "text": "We investigate the constraints on cosmological parameters especially for EoS of dark energy, inflationary parameters, neutrino mass and curvature of universe using simulated Planck data. Firstly we determine cosmological parameters with current observations including ESSENCE, WMAP3, Boomerang-2K2, CBI, VSA, ACBAR, SDSS LRG and 2dFGRS, and take best-fit model as the fiducial model in simulations. In simulations we pay attention to the effects of dynamical dark energy in determination of cosmological parameters. We add simulated SNAP data to do all the simulations. Using present data, we find Quintom dark energy model is mildly favored while \\LambdaCDM remains a good fit. In the framework of dynamical dark energy, the constraints on inflationary parameters, m_{\\nu} and \\Omega_{K} become weak compared with the constraints in \\LambdaCDM. Intriguingly, we find that the inflationary models with a \"blue\" tilt, which are excluded about 2\\sigma in \\LambdaCDM model, are well within 2\\sigma region with the presence of the dynamics of dark energy. The upper limits of neutrino mass are weakened by a factor of 2 (95% C.L.), say, m_{\\nu}<1.59 eV and m_{\\nu}<1.53 eV for two forms of parametrization of the equation of state of dark energy. The flat universe is a good fit to the current data, namely, |\\Omega_{K}|<0.03 (95% C.L.). With the simulated Planck and SNAP data, dynamical dark energy and \\LambdaCDM be distinguished at 4\\sigma. And uncertainties of inflationary parameters, m_{\\nu} and \\Omega_{K} can be reduced obviously. We also constrain the rotation angle \\Delta\\alpha, denoting possible cosmological CPT violation, with simulated Planck and CMBpol data and find that our results are much more stringent than current constraint and will verify cosmological CPT symmetry with a higher precision. (Abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 437, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00446", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00665", "text": "Oh, the injustice of it all. Who among us hasn't felt abused as a consumer? We get billed for stuff we didn't receive, or that doesn't work, or that didn't live up to its hype. Companies charge us unexpected fees and insist the costs were revealed in the fine print. Health insurers take customer disservice to a whole new, awful level, inexplicably refusing to pay for services they promised to cover and deluging us with impossible-to-decrypt paperwork. It's understandable if you feel that enough is enough. But taking a righteous stand against paying an unfair bill can boomerang on you — hard. Here are some situations where you be tempted to refuse to pay, and what you want to consider doing instead. BILLING DISPUTES Several years ago a friend refused to pay a bill for internet service that didn't work. The collection account that later appeared on his credit reports nearly cost him a job offer. (He paid off the collection and wound up taking a job with a different employer.) The balance of power is tilted heavily in favor of companies and collection agencies that can report an unpaid bill to the credit bureaus. You can include a 100-word dispute in your credit files, but good luck getting anyone to read it. The credit scores most lenders and insurers use don't factor in those statements. Employers, who typically use credit reports rather than scores to evaluate applicants, may see your statement, but it may not affect hiring, firing or promotion decisions. —What to do instead: Settle disputes before a bill goes to collections. Consider asking a government regulator for help (search for \"Who regulates (company name)?\" to find the agency) or turning to a lawmaker whose staff can help with constituent disputes. As a last resort, consider paying the bill, then suing the company in small claims court. If you used a credit card to pay the bill, you're in luck. Credit card users have a powerful, built-in weapon to deal with shoddy services or goods — the chargeback. A chargeback, which reverses a payment to a merchant, prevents damage to your credit report for nonpayment while a dispute is resolved. MEDICAL BILLS For about 43 million people, or 1 out of 5 credit reports, there's overdue medical debt, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. For 15 million people, medical bills are the only overdue debt on their credit reports. Clearly, many", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00823", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00666", "text": "We have obtained a series of high-resolution optical spectra for the brown dwarf 2MASSW J1207334-393254 (2M1207) using the ESO Very Large Telescope with the UVES spectrograph during two consecutive observing nights (time resolution of ~12 min) and the Magellan Clay telescope with the MIKE spectrograph. Combined with previously published results, these data allow us to investigate changes in the emission line spectrum of 2M1207 on timescales of hours to years. Most of the emission line profiles of 2M1207 are broad, in particular that of Halpha, indicating that the dominant fraction of the emission must be attributed to disk accretion rather than to magnetic activity. From the Halpha 10% width we deduce a relatively stable accretion rate between 10^(-10.1...-9.8) Msun/yr for two nights of consecutive observations. Therefore, either the accretion stream is nearly homogeneous over (sub-)stellar longitude or the system is seen face-on. Small but significant variations are evident throughout our near-continuous observation, and they reach a maximum after ~8 h, roughly the timescale on which maximum variability is expected across the rotation cycle. Together with past measurements, we confirm that the accretion rate of 2M1207 varies by more than one order of magnitude on timescales of months to years. Such variable mass accretion yields a plausible explanation for the observed spread in the accretion rate vs. mass diagram. The magnetic field required to drive the funnel flow is on the order of a few hundred G. Despite the obvious presence of a magnetic field, no radio nor X-ray emission has been reported for 2M1207. strong accretion suppresses magnetic activity in brown dwarfs, similar to the findings for higher mass T Tauri stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 383, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00353", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00667", "text": "An exact series expansion is now known for the Principal Field Emission Elliptic Function v, in terms of a complementary elliptic variable l' equal to y*y, where y is the Nordheim parameter. This expansion was originally found by using the algebraic manipulation package MAPLE. This paper presents a formal mathematical derivation. It has been discovered that v(l') is a particular solution of the ordinary differential equation (ODE) l'(1-l')d^2v/dl'^2=nv, when the index n = 3/16. This ODE be new in mathematical physics and elliptic-function theory. The paper first uses an 1876 result from Cayley to establish the boundary condition that dv/dl' satisfies as l' tends to zero. It then uses the method of Frobenius to obtain two linearly independent series solutions for the ODE, and hence derives the series expansion for v(l'). It is shown that terms in ln{l'} are required in a mathematically correct solution, but fractional powers of l' are not. The form of the ODE also implies that it is mathematically impossible for simple Taylor expansion methods to generate good approximation formulae valid over the whole range 0 =< l' =< 1; this conclusion may also apply to barriers of other shapes. It is hoped that this derivation serve as a paradigm for the treatment of other tunnelling barrier models for cold field electron emission, if in any particular case an ODE can be found for which the tunnelling-exponent correction function is a particular solution.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00444", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00668", "text": "What we eat can influence more than our waistlines. It turns out, our diets also help determine what we smell like. A recent study found that women preferred the body odor of men who ate a lot of fruits and vegetables. Whereas men who ate a lot of carbohydrates gave off a smell that was less appealing. Skeptical? At first, I was, too. I thought this line of inquiry must have been dreamed up by the produce industry. (Makes a good marketing campaign, right?!) But it's legit. \"We've known for a while that odor is an important component of attractiveness, especially for women,\" says Ian Stephen of Macquarie University in Australia. He studies evolution, genetics and psychology and is an author of the study. From an evolutionary perspective, scientists say our sweat can help signal our health status, and could play a role in helping attract a mate. So, how did scientists evaluate the link between diet and the attractiveness of body odor? They began by recruiting a bunch of healthy, young men. They assessed the men's skin using an instrument called a spectrophotometer. When people eat a lot of colorful veggies, their skin takes on the hue of carotenoids, the plant pigments that are responsible for bright red, yellow and orange foods. \"The carotenoids get deposited in our skin,\" explains Stephen. The spectrophotometer \"flashes a light onto your skin and measures the color reflected back,\" says Stephen. The results are \"a good indicator of how much fruits and vegetables we're eating,\" he says. Stephen and his colleagues also had the men in the study compete food frequency questionnaires, so they could determine the men's overall patterns of eating. Then, men were given clean T-shirts and asked to do some exercise. Afterwards, women in the study were asked to sniff the sweat. (Note: The methodology was much more scientific and precise than my breezy explanation, but you get the picture!) \"We asked the women to rate how much they liked it, how floral, how fruity,\" and a bunch of other descriptors, explains Stephen. It's a small study, but the results were pretty consistent. \"Women basically found that men who ate more vegetables smelled nicer,\" Stephen told us. Men who ate a lot of meat did not produce a sweat that was any more — or less — attractive to women. But meat did tend to make men's odor more intense. \"This is not the first study", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00610", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00669", "text": ". Any ADR used to resolve a health care liability action or claim shall contain provisions relating to statute of limitations, noneconomic damages, joint and several liability, punitive damages, collateral source rule, periodic payments, and limitations on contingent fees which are identical to the provisions relating to such matters in this Act. SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act: (1) Actual damages.--The term ``actual damages'' means damages awarded to pay for economic loss. (2) ADR.--The term ``ADR'' means an alternative dispute resolution system established under Federal or State law that provides for the resolution of health care liability claims in a manner other than through health care liability actions. (3) Claimant.--The term ``claimant'' means any person who brings a health care liability action and any person on whose behalf such an action is brought. If such action is brought through or on behalf of an estate, the term includes the claimant's decedent. If such action is brought through or on behalf of a minor or incompetent, the term includes the claimant's legal guardian. (4) Clear and convincing evidence.--The term ``clear and convincing evidence'' is that measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established. Such measure or degree of proof is more than that required under preponderance of the evidence but less than that required for proof beyond a reasonable doubt. (5) Collateral source payments.--The term ``collateral source payments'' means any amount paid or reasonably to be paid in the future to or on behalf of a claimant, or any service, product, or other benefit provided or reasonably to be provided in the future to or on behalf of a claimant, as a result of an injury or wrongful death, pursuant to-- (A) any State or Federal health, sickness, income- disability, accident or workers' compensation Act; (B) any health, sickness, income-disability, or accident insurance that provides health benefits or income-disability coverage; (C) any contract or agreement of any group, organization, partnership, or corporation to provide, pay for, or reimburse the cost of medical, hospital, dental, or income disability benefits; and (D) any other publicly or privately funded program. (6) Drug.--The term ``drug'' has the meaning given such term in section", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00923", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00670", "text": "financing the purchase of a used car. \"There's going to be an opportunity to increase those rates higher,\" Amis said. \"So if you have poor credit, this is going to impact you.\" Still, even with another rate hike, the impact on consumers and businesses is to remain mild, as rates remain very low, relative to years ago, Amis noted. ___ Q. Have the Fed's moves boosted the puny rates available for savers? A. In a few cases, yes. McBride says some smaller banks are starting to offer higher rates on CDs and savings accounts than larger banks are. The huge national banks already have \"more deposits than they know what to do with,\" McBride said, so haven't lifted their rates at all. As a result, the disparity between the smaller local banks and nationwide institutions is widening, he said: \"Exploit that difference. It's money in your pocket.\" So far, the average rate on a one-year CD has barely risen since the Fed's rate hikes began, inching up from 0.27 percent in December 2015 to 0.35 percent now, according to Bankrate.com. But the highest-yielding CDs have risen from 1.35 percent to 1.5 percent. ___ Q. What if I'm a retiree invested in bonds? A. Amis says he tells his fixed-income clients not to stress out over another rate hike. \"This is part of investing in fixed income, and it's not a signal to jump ship and go into dividend-paying equities,\" he said. \"I would recommend they stay the course and earn the coupon.\" Since rates began rising again, Amis has been advising retirees and others with fixed-income investments like bonds to ensure that their portfolios are balanced between very short-term and long-term bonds. Longer-term bonds typically pay higher rates, and as rates rise, the short-term securities will be replaced with higher-yielding ones. ___ Veiga reported from Los Angeles. ___ Animated explainer: http://bit.ly/2nlGO0K", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 421, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00702", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00671", "text": ". (4) People with cancer benefit from having an educational session with oncology nurses in advance of the initiation of treatment to learn how to reduce the risk of and manage adverse effects and maximize well-being. Helping patients to manage their side effects reduces adverse events and the need for urgent or inpatient care. (5) The Oncology Nursing Society has received reports from its members that, because the Medicare program and other payers do not cover the provision of patient treatment education, patients and their caregivers often do not receive adequate education before the onset of such patients' treatment for cancer regarding the course of such treatment and the possible side effects and symptoms such patients may experience. The Oncology Nursing Society recommends that all patients being treated for cancer have a one-on-one educational session with a nurse in advance of the onset of such treatment so that such patients and their caregivers receive the information they need to help minimize adverse events related to such treatment and maximize the well-being of such patients. (6) Insufficient or non-existent Medicare payments coupled with poor investment in symptom management research contribute to the inadequate education of patients, poor management and monitoring of cancer symptoms, and inadequate handling of late effects of cancer and its treatment. (7) People with cancer often do not have the symptoms associated with their disease and the associated treatment managed in a comprehensive or appropriate manner. (8) People with cancer deserve to have access to comprehensive care that includes appropriate treatment and symptom management. (9) Patients who receive infused chemotherapy obtain some treatment education during the course of the administration of their treatment; yet, many do not, and individuals who may receive a different type of cancer care, such as radiation or surgical interventions or oral chemotherapy taken at home, do not receive treatment education during their treatment. (10) Comprehensive cancer care must include access to services and management associated with nausea, vomiting, fatigue, depression, pain, and other symptoms. (11) The Institute of Medicine report, ``Ensuring Quality Cancer Care'' asserts that ``much can be done to relieve the symptoms, ease distress, provide comfort, and in other ways improve the quality of life of someone with cancer. For a person with cancer, maintenance of quality of life requires, at a minimum, relief from pain and other distressing symptoms, relief from anxiety and depressions, including the fear of pain, and a sense of security that assistance with be readily available if needed.''. (12) The Institute of Medicine report, ``Cancer Care for the Whole", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00874", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00672", "text": "Omdahl's column is a terrific complement to Herald staff writer Sam Easter's story from last week, \"Great debates: Grand Forks history shows division over big projects\" (Page A1, Dec. 29). As Easter documents, Grand Forks has long had a tough time getting to \"Yes\" on big projects such as the library. \"It — it's just this perception — when you go to other communities, they seem to do much better,\" City Council member Ken Vein says in the story. But Grand Forks residents shouldn't feel too bad, because North Dakotans as a whole tend to share this resistance to change. That's because \"North Dakotans like access, even when it means throwing efficiency under the bus,\" Omdahl writes. \"People want a role—a big role—in government. Having many points at which citizens can be a part of government implements the cultural idea that everybody is important and should 'have a say.'\" There's no better analysis of the stop-and-go process that has held up development of Grand Forks' Arbor Park. But what about Fargo? For that matter, what about Bismarck? In both cities, access-loving North Dakotans have mustered the efficiency to get projects done. In 2004, Fargo voters passed an 18-month, half-cent sales tax to build a new downtown library and two branch libraries with 62 percent of the vote. And in Bismarck, the Chamber of Commerce and a steering committee recently raised $8 million to renovate the Community Bowl, in part to keep the 1990s-era facility's status as host of the state high-school track meet. It's always hard to compare communities, because it's so easy to selectively choose examples to make a point. And whenever Grand Forks frets about Fargo or Bismarck, it should remember City Council President Dana Sande's perceptive comment in Easter's story: \"My opinion is that people (in Grand Forks) are generally happy. And when you're generally happy, your tendency is to vote no for change.\" But even contented populations can learn from other communities, especially where big and expensive projects are concerned. Furthermore, Grand Forks' sense that Fargo, in particular, has a stronger efficiency mindset goes back not just years but decades. Where development is concerned, \"Fargo means business and Grand Forks means hassles,\" a Grand Forks City Council member", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00594", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00673", "text": "We have studied a highly variable ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in the Fornax galaxy NGC 1365, with a series of 12 Chandra and XMM-Newton observations between 2002 and 2006. In 2006 April, the source peaked at a luminosity ~ 3 x 10^{40} erg/s in the 0.3-10 keV band (similar to the maximum luminosity found by ASCA in 1995), and declined on an e-folding timescale ~ 3 days. The X-ray spectrum is always dominated by a broad power-law-like component. When the source is seen at X-ray luminosities ~ 10^{40} erg/s, an additional soft thermal component (which we interpret as emission from the accretion disk) contributes ~ 1/4 of the X-ray flux; when the luminosity is higher, ~ 3 x 10^{40} erg/s, the thermal component is not detected and must contribute < 10% of the flux. At the beginning of the decline, ionized absorption is detected around 0.5-2 keV; it is a possible signature of a massive outflow. The power-law is always hard, with a photon index Gamma ~ 1.7 (and even flatter at times), as is generally the case with bright ULXs. We speculate that this source and most other bright ULXs are in a high/hard state: as the accretion rate increases well above the Eddington limit, more and more power is extracted from the inner region of the inflow through non-radiative channels, and is used to power a Comptonizing corona, jet or wind. The observed thermal component comes from the standard outer disk; the transition radius between outer standard disk and Comptonizing inner region moves further out and to lower disk temperatures as the accretion rate increases. This produces the observed appearance of a large, cool disk. Based on X-ray luminosity and spectral arguments, we suggest that this accreting black hole has a mass ~ 50-150 Msun (even without accounting for possible beaming).", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 448, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00182", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00674", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Protecting Girls' Access to Education in Vulnerable Settings Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) As of June 2018, more than 68,000,000 people have been displaced by disasters and conflicts around the world, the highest number recorded since the end of World War II, of which more than 25,000,000 people are refugees. (2) More than half of the population of refugees are children and, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, nearly 4,000,000 school-aged refugee children lack access to primary education. (3) Education offers socioeconomic opportunities, psychological stability, and physical protection for displaced people, particularly for women and girls, who otherwise be vulnerable to severe forms of trafficking in persons (as such term is defined in section 103(9) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(9)), child marriage, sexual exploitation, or economic disenfranchisement. (4) Displaced children face considerable barriers to accessing educational services and, because the duration of such displacement is, on average, 26 years, such children may spend the entirety of their childhood without access to such services. (5) Despite the rising need for educational services, as of 2016, less than two percent of humanitarian aid was directed toward educational services. SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. It is the sense of Congress that-- (1) it is critical to ensure that children, particularly girls, displaced by conflicts overseas are able to access educational services because such access can combat extremism and reduce exploitation and poverty; and (2) the educational needs of vulnerable women and girls should be considered in the design, implementation, and evaluation of related United States foreign assistance policies and programs. SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. It is the policy of the United States to-- (1) partner with and encourage other countries, public and private multilateral institutions, and nongovernmental and civil society organizations, including faith-based organizations and organizations representing parents and children, to support efforts to ensure that displaced children have access to safe primary and secondary education; (2) work with donors to enhance training and capacity- building for the governments of countries hosting significant numbers of displaced people to design, implement, and monitor programs to effectively address", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00908", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00675", "text": "left. Noren tried an aggressive second shot, but his ball landed short of the green and rolled into Devlin's Billabong, a pond that protects the hole. Day shot over some trees and laid up onto the fairway before hitting a lob wedge approach of about 85 yards, with the ball rolling down several feet to set up the winning putt. \"It was really unfortunate for him to hit it in the water because I know how good of a shot he actually hit there because that's really tough to go with a 3-wood into a green like that,\" Day said. \"it's almost a blessing that I actually missed the fairway knowing that I had to lay up and knowing that I kind of worked on that number before. I was on the range hitting that exact same number.\" Noren, a 35-year-old Swede trying for his first PGA Tour win, bogeyed the hole. \"I had a perfect yardage,\" said Noren, who played at Oklahoma State and has nine victories on the European Tour. \"And the greens are not super firm in the morning like this so I thought it was the perfect play in the middle of the green and have a putt at eagle and a few yards short, so it's tough.\" Day and Noren matched each other with birdie, birdie, par, par and birdie through five playoff holes in the twilight Sunday on the blufftop course overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Ryan Palmer was eliminated on the first extra hole with a par. \"Myself, Ryan and Alex all hit some nice shots coming down the stretch in the playoffs,\" Day said. \"Going shot for shot with Alex was pretty cool over that five-hole stretch, and unfortunately we just couldn't get it. We just didn't want to give it up.\" Day was on his \"third-string\" caddie. He said Luke Reardon, who caddied for him at the end of last year, and David Lutterus, who was going to be on the bag, had trouble securing visas. His third in line, childhood friend Rika Batibasaga, \"he's marrying an American and I knew that he's in here already,\" Day said. \"So I was like, 'I've got to grab someone, either grab him or grab someone out of the crowd.'\" Day hopes this victory leads to a turnaround from a miserable 2017, which included his mother recovering from lung cancer and", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00779", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00676", "text": "We consider the problem of coloring the vertices of a large sparse random graph with a given number of colors so that no adjacent vertices have the same color. Using the cavity method, we present a detailed and systematic analytical study of the space of proper colorings (solutions). We show that for a fixed number of colors and as the average vertex degree (number of constraints) increases, the set of solutions undergoes several phase transitions similar to those observed in the mean field theory of glasses. First, at the clustering transition, the entropically dominant part of the phase space decomposes into an exponential number of pure states so that beyond this transition a uniform sampling of solutions becomes hard. Afterward, the space of solutions condenses over a finite number of the largest states and consequently the total entropy of solutions becomes smaller than the annealed one. Another transition takes place when in all the entropically dominant states a finite fraction of nodes freezes so that each of these nodes is allowed a single color in all the solutions inside the state. Eventually, above the coloring threshold, no more solutions are available. We compute all the critical connectivities for Erdos-Renyi and regular random graphs and determine their asymptotic values for large number of colors. Finally, we discuss the algorithmic consequences of our findings. We argue that the onset of computational hardness is not associated with the clustering transition and we suggest instead that the freezing transition be the relevant phenomenon. We also discuss the performance of a simple local Walk-COL algorithm and of the belief propagation algorithm in the light of our results.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00028", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00677", "text": "A simulation of the thermonuclear explosion of a Chandrasekhar-mass C+O white dwarf, the most popular scenario of a type Ia supernova (SN Ia), is presented. The underlying modeling is pursued in a self-consistent way, treating the combustion wave as a turbulent deflagration using well tested methods developed for laboratory combustion and based on the concept of `large eddy simulations' (LES). Such consistency requires to capture the onset of the turbulent cascade on resolved scales. This is achieved by computing the dynamical evolution on a 1024$^3$ moving grid, which resulted in the best-resolved three-dimensional SN Ia simulation carried out thus far, reaching the limits of what can be done on present supercomputers. Consequently, the model has no free parameters other than the initial conditions at the onset of the explosion, and therefore it has considerable predictive power. Our main objective is to determine to which extent such a simulation can account for the observations of normal SNe Ia. Guided by previous simulations with less resolution and a less sophisticated flame model, initial conditions were chosen that yield a reasonably strong explosion and a sufficient amount of radioactive nickel for a bright display. We show that observables are indeed matched to a reasonable degree. In particular, good agreement is found with the light curves of normal SNe Ia. Moreover, the model reproduces the general features of the abundance stratification as inferred from the analysis of spectra. This indicates that it captures the main features of the explosion mechanism of SNe Ia. However, we also show that even a seemingly best-choice pure deflagration model has shortcomings that indicate the need for a different mode of nuclear burning at late times, the transition to a detonation at low density.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 357, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00339", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00678", "text": "necessary, that includes-- (1) a review, in consultation with appropriate interagency representatives, consisting of a detailed description of-- (A) current efforts based on United States and locally identified indicators, including capacities and constraints for Government-wide detection, early warning and response, information-sharing, contingency planning, and coordination of efforts to prevent and respond to situations of genocide and atrocities and other mass violence, such as gender-based violence and violence against religious minorities; (B) recommendations to further strengthen United States capabilities described in subparagraph (A); (C) funding expended by relevant Federal departments and agencies on atrocities prevention activities, including transitional justice measures and the legal, procedural, and resource constraints faced by the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development throughout respective budgeting, strategic planning, and management cycles to support conflict and atrocities prevention activities in countries identified to be at risk of atrocities; (D) current annual Government global assessments of sources of instability, conflict, and atrocities, the outcomes and findings of such assessments, and, where relevant, a review of activities, and the efficacy of such activities, that the Atrocities Prevention Board or successor entity undertook to respond to sources of instability, conflict, and atrocities; (E) consideration of analysis, reporting, and policy recommendations to prevent and respond to atrocities produced by civil society, academic, and other nongovernmental organizations and institutions; (F) countries and regions at risk of atrocities, including a description of most pathways to violence, specific risk factors, potential groups of perpetrators, and at-risk target groups; and (G) instruction on recognizing patterns of escalation and early warning signs of potential atrocities and methods of conflict assessment, peace- building, mediation for prevention, early action and response, and transitional justice measures to address atrocities in the Federal training programs for Foreign Service officers; (2) recommendations to ensure shared responsibility by-- (A) enhancing multilateral mechanisms for preventing atrocities, including strengthening the role of international organizations and international financial institutions in conflict prevention, mitigation, and response; and (B) strengthening regional organizations; (3) implementation status of the recommendations contained in such review; and (4) identification of the Federal departments and agencies and civil society, academic, and nongovernmental organizations and institutions consulted for preparation of such report. SEC. 6. DEFINITION. In this Act, the term ``genocide'' means an offense under subsection (a) of section 1091 of title 18, United States", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01144", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00679", "text": "Thermodynamic properties such as magnetic susceptibility and specific heat have been computed for the Heisenberg Antiferromagnet with spatially anisotropic exchange on the kagome lattice on clusters up to N=24 spins from the full spectra obtained by exact diagonalization. This approach is shown to provide a good represention of these thermodynamic properties above temperatures of about $J_{\\rm av}/5$ where $J_{\\rm av}$ is an average of the coupling constants. Comparison with experimental Volborthite data obtained by Hiroi {\\it {et al}} [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\\bf 70},3377 (2001)] shows that Volborthite is best described by a model with nearly isotropic exchanges in spite of the significant distortion of the kagom\\'{e} lattice of magnetic sites in this compound and suggests that additional interactions are present. Comparison of the specific heat at low temperature raise the possibility that the density of states at low energy in Volborthite be much lower than in the Heisenberg model. Magnetization curves under an applied field of the model are also investigated. The M=1/3 plateau is found to subsist in the anisotropic case and extend to lower field with increased anisotropy. For sufficient anisotropy, this plateau would then be observable for a field reasonably accessible to experiment. The absence of a plateau well below $\\sim$ 70 Teslas would further support a nearly isotropic model.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 307, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00409", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00680", "text": "and all of them are related, the convergence of other software technologies that are advancing at the speed of light right now. Let's take two of them, just to build a use case, right? Let's take VR, virtual reality. Let's take IoT, which is the ability to connect the devices and harness the power of data, right? Now, combine that with the wireless advancements that will happen with the 5G technology from an access, as well as from how the data is processed. It will create use cases that have hereto not been possible. SEE: Virtual and augmented reality policy (Tech Pro Research) One of my favorite examples that I often give is think of an NFL game, and think of the tailgate parties that happen outside any stadium. There are any number of thousands of people who are perennial tailgate party goers. They don't even enter the stadium game after game, year after year, but they like to spend a lot of money outside the stadium. The experience that they will now get, imagine with the VR and with the discoverable aspect of the network that 5G does, where if you, Dan, for example, as a big fan of a certain running back of a certain NFL team, as you're partying with your buddies outside a certain stadium, you will be notified that something dramatic happened inside the stadium and with whatever device that is available at the time, which is also by the way advancing, with 5G and with the fact that you are discoverable by the network and the latencies and the availability of the network is like never before, the throughout is like never before, so the IoT on a camera or a device, the VR experience, powered by 5G, you will there and then and you will be the only person who will be able to stand almost right next to the running back and experience as the things explode and happen at the site. Just the sheer power of that use case is phenomenal, and the money that different people in the ecosystem will make out of it, including the telecom service provider, can be quite an interesting paradigm in my view. Patterson: What are some of the challenges or roadblocks to the rollout of 5G? Vyas: there are plenty. One of the biggest ones is going to be, without even getting into the technology aspect at this point, I would say is still a major part of the industry will still struggle to find the justification", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00521", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00681", "text": "characters or anthropomorphic animals. Both before and after the story, children had the opportunity to share stickers with other children. The number of stickers each child set aside for others provided a quantifiable measure of sharing. The key finding was that, on average, children who heard the story featuring a human who shared increased the number of stickers they shared, whereas those who heard the story featuring an anthropomorphic animal that shared did not. In other words, young children applied the lesson from the story to their own behavior, but only when the story featured humans. The researchers also found that when children in another group were allowed to choose whether to read the story about humans or the story about anthropomorphic animals, they had no reliable preference. This suggests that the story about humans wasn't more effective in promoting sharing simply because children found it more appealing, and also that children weren't reliably drawn to the more fantastical alternative. The findings from the study reinforce the idea that young children have an easier time exporting what they learn from a fictional storybook to the real world when the storybook is realistic. The leap from a fictional human to a real one is simply smaller than the leap from an anthropomorphic raccoon to a human. But it that as children grow older they become better at making these leaps, or that parents can help them make the leaps more readily. In a paper just published in the journal Cognition, for example, developmental psychologist Caren Walker and I found that prompting 5- and 6-year-old children to explain key events in a storybook made them better at extracting the moral of the story and then applying it to a real-world problem. This is something parents can do easily as they read storybooks with their children, asking them why (say) an anthropomorphic raccoon did or didn't share, and why other characters responded as they did. If the theory in our paper is right, this should help children relate the unrealistic aspects of the story to what they know about the real world, and thus appreciate the patterns that hold across both the fictional world of the story and the real world around them. The lesson I've learned from research on children's stories is this: When my daughter asks for a (realistic) birthday party story tonight, I'll indulge her. It will be about a human girl who celebrates her 7th birthday. But it will also include some realistic problems with realistic solutions — and I'll throw in some lessons about sharing and some prompts to", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00656", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00682", "text": "We use the ACS BViz data from the HUDF and all other deep HST ACS fields (including the GOODS fields) to find large samples of star-forming galaxies at z~4 and z~5 and to extend our previous z~6 sample. These samples contain 4671, 1416, and 627 B, V, and i dropouts, respectively, and reach to extremely low luminosities (0.01-0.04 L* or M(UV)~-16 to -17), allowing us to determine the rest-frame UV luminosity function (LF) and faint-end slope alpha at z~4-6 to high accuracy. We find faint-end slopes alpha of -1.73+/-0.05 at z~4, -1.66+/-0.09 at z~5, and -1.74+/-0.16 at z~6 -- suggesting that the faint-end slope is very steep and shows little evolution with cosmic time. We find that M*(UV) brightens considerably in the 0.7 Gyr from z~6 to z~4 (by ~0.7 mag from M*=-20.24+/-0.19 to M*=-20.98+/-0.10). The observed increase in the characteristic luminosity over this range is almost identical to that expected for the halo mass function -- suggesting that the observed evolution is due to the hierarchical coalescence and merging of galaxies. The evolution in phi* is not significant. The UV luminosity density at z~6 is modestly lower (0.45+/-0.09 times) than that at z~4 (integrated to -17.5 AB mag) though a larger change is seen in the dust-corrected star-formation rate density. We thoroughly examine published LF results and assess the reasons for their wide dispersion. We argue that the results reported here are the most robust available. The extremely steep faint-end slopes alpha found here suggest that lower luminosity galaxies play a significant role in reionizing the universe. Finally, we consider recent search results for galaxies at z~7-8 and use them to extend our estimates of the evolution in M* from z~7-8 to z~4.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 462, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00359", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00683", "text": "Image by Bobby Finger. In September, when Donald Trump admitted, at last, that Barack Obama is in fact a born American, Twitter imploded. Many times, Twitter has also exploded. Twitter has gone both nuts, thanks to Al Roker, and wild, thanks to Trump’s mom. Twitter had a meltdown when the Cubs won the World Series in November. And when Trump was elected president, Twitter freaked out, as it tends to do quite often. Twitter appeared utterly in shock. Twitter lost it over a home-wrecking penguin, which like an insignificant thing to “lose it” over. At one point, Twitter even snarked. Advertisement Twitter, a social media platform magically imbued with human feelings that always exhibit one collective emotion at a time, has a tendency to go crazy, has a dark side and loves to attack, aware that it has the power to build and destroy. Twitter often throws shade and once slammed Bernie Sanders when his DNC speech pushed back The Bachelorette. All of Twitter at one point loved Ryan Reynolds’ face. From one day to the next, Twitter has proven to be all over the place, can’t decide what it wants to be, who it wants to be, how it wants to feel, up or down, or how it should move about the world. Twitter struggles to maintain a steady emotional state and simply be okay with who it is. At the risk of sounding too dank, Twitter had fun this year, too. It threw parties! Hosted by—who else—Twitter. A party? Where? Online. Parties where Taylor Swift, Kim Kardashian and Kanye West appeared as figments of Twitter’s imagination. It’s almost as if Twitter is trapped in a fantasy world, barricaded by its own despair and sense of entitlement. Or could it be that the problem is us, projecting our fears, worries and unnecessary angst onto Twitter... Advertisement There are times I feel like grabbing Twitter by its muscular forearms and pleading with it to get it together. “Twitter, you need help!” I would scream. And Twitter would scream back, “No! You do!” And then Twitter would run off crying, arms flailing. I would stare at Twitter from behind and wonder why it has to be this way. But I would say nothing in return because what Twitter said is true. We all need help.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 476, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00688", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00684", "text": "We calculate eclipsing light curves for accretion flows around a rotating black hole taking into account the atmospheric effects of the companion star. In the cases of no atmospheric effects, the light curves contain the information of the black hole spin because most of the X-ray photons around 1 keV usually come from the blueshifted part of the accretion flow near the black hole shadow, and the size and the position of the black hole shadow depend on the spin. In these cases, when most of the emission comes from the vicinity of the event horizon, the light curves become asymmetric at ingress and egress. We next investigate the atmospheric absorption and scattering effects of the companion stars. By using the solar-type atmospheric model, we have taken into account the atmospheric effects of the companion star, such as the photoionization by HI and HeI. We found that the eclipsing light curves observed at 1 keV contain the information of the black hole spin. However, in our atmospheric model, the effects of the atmosphere are much larger than the effects of the black hole spin. Therefore, even in the case that the light curves contain the information of the black hole spin, it may be difficult to extract the information of the black hole spin if we do not have the realistic atmospheric profiles, such as the temperature, and the number densities for several elements. Even in such cases, the light-curve asymmetries due to the rotation of the accretion disc exist. Only when we have the reliable atmospheric model, in principle, the information of the strong-gravity regions, such as the black hole spin, can be obtained from the eclipsing light curves.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 334, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00071", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00685", "text": "multiple informants involved with the young child: parents, clinicians, child care staff, preschool staff, medical personnel, and other service providers. (F) Broad parameters for determining socioemotional outcomes are not clearly defined, although much attention is now being given to school readiness. (4) Authors of the bible of psychiatric diagnosis, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, admit that the diagnostic criteria for mental illness are vague, saying, ``DSM-IV criteria remain a consensus without clear empirical data supporting the number of items required for the diagnosis.... Furthermore, the behavioral characteristics specified in DSM- IV, despite efforts to standardize them, remain subjective....'' (American Psychiatric Association Committee on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV 1994), pp. 1162- 1163). (5) Because of the subjectivity of psychiatric diagnosis, it is all too easy for a psychiatrist to label a person's disagreement with the psychiatrist's political beliefs a mental disorder. (6) Efforts are underway to add a diagnosis of ``extreme intolerance'' to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Prisoners in the California State penal system judged to have this extreme intolerance based on race or sexual orientation are considered to be delusional and are being medicated with anti-psychotic drugs. (Washington Post 12/10/05) (7) At least one federally-funded school violence prevention program has suggested that a child who shares his or her parent's traditional values may be to instigate school violence. (8) Despite many statements in the popular press and by groups promoting the psychiatric labeling and medication of children, that ADD/ADHD is due to a chemical imbalance in the brain, the 1998 National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference said, ``... further research is necessary to firmly establish ADHD as a brain disorder. This is not unique to ADHD, but applies as well to most psychiatric disorders, including disabling diseases such as schizophrenia.... Although an independent diagnostic test for ADHD does not exist.... Finally, after years of clinical research and experience with ADHD, our knowledge about the cause or causes of ADHD remains speculative.''. (9) There has been a precipitous increase in the prescription rates of psychiatric drugs in children: (A) The use of antipsychotic medication in children has increased nearly fivefold between 1995 and 2002 with more than 2.5 million children receiving these", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 485, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00914", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00686", "text": "New SiS multi-transition (sub-)millimetre line observations of a sample of AGB stars with varying photospheric C/O-ratios and mass-loss rates are presented. A combination of low- and high-energy lines are important in constraining the circumstellar distribution of SiS molecules. A detailed radiative transfer modelling of the observed SiS line emission is performed, including the effect of thermal dust grains in the excitation analysis. We find that the circumstellar fractional abundance of SiS in these environments has a strong dependence on the photospheric C/O-ratio as expected from chemical models. The carbon stars (C/O>1) have a mean fractional abundance of 3.1E-6, about an order of magnitude higher than found for the M-type AGB stars (C/O<1) where the mean value is 2.7E-7. These numbers are in reasonable agreement with photospheric LTE chemical models. SiS behave similar to SiO in terms of photodissociation in the outer part of the circumstellar envelope. In contrast to previous results for the related molecule SiO, there is no strong correlation of the fractional abundance with density in the CSE, as would be the case if freeze-out onto dust grains were important. However, possible time-variability of the line emission in the lower J transitions and the sensitivity of the line emission to abundance gradients in the inner part of the CSE may mask a correlation with the density of the wind. There are indications that the SiS fractional abundance significantly higher closer to the star which, at least in the case of M-type AGB stars, would require non-equilibrium chemical processes.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 339, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00336", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00687", "text": "the continued possession by the United States Government pending the final disposition of forfeiture proceedings will cause substantial hardship to the claimant; and ``(iii) the steps that the claimant has taken to secure release of the property from the appropriate customs officer. ``(3) Return of property.--If a complaint is filed under paragraph (2), the district court shall order that the property be returned to the claimant, pending completion of proceedings by the United States Government to obtain forfeiture of the property, if the claimant shows that-- ``(A) the claimant is to demonstrate a possessory interest in the seized property; and ``(B) continued possession by the United States Government of the seized property is to cause substantial hardship to the claimant. ``(4) Conditions.--The court may place such conditions on release of the property as the court finds are appropriate to preserve the availability of the property or its equivalent for forfeiture. ``(5) Time for decision.--The district court shall render a decision on a complaint filed under paragraph (2) no later than 30 days after the date of the filing, unless such 30-day limitation is extended by consent of the parties or by the court for good cause shown.''. SEC. 7. JUSTICE ASSETS FORFEITURE FUND. Section 524(c) of title 28, United States Code, is amended-- (1) in paragraph (1)-- (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking ``law enforcement''; (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (H) and (I) as subparagraphs (I) and (J), respectively; and (C) by inserting after subparagraph (G) the following new subparagraph: ``(H) payment of court-awarded compensation for representation of claimants pursuant to section 608(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930;''; and (2) in paragraph (9)(A), by striking ``(H)'' and inserting ``(I)''. SEC. 8. CLARIFICATION REGARDING FORFEITURES UNDER THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT. Section 511(a)(7) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 881(a)(7)) is amended by striking ``without the knowledge or consent of that owner'' and inserting ``either without the knowledge of that owner or without the consent of that owner''. SEC. 9. APPLICABILITY. The amendments made by this Act apply with respect to", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00994", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00688", "text": "We present the first multi-epoch study that includes concurrent mid-infrared and radio interferometry of an oxygen-rich Mira star. We obtained mid-infrared interferometry of S Ori with VLTI/MIDI at four epochs between December 2004 and December 2005. We concurrently observed v=1, J=1-0 (43.1 GHz), and v=2, J=1-0 (42.8 GHz) SiO maser emission toward S Ori with the VLBA at three epochs. The MIDI data are analyzed using self-excited dynamic model atmospheres including molecular layers, complemented by a radiative transfer model of the circumstellar dust shell. The VLBA data are reduced to the spatial structure and kinematics of the maser spots. The modeling of our MIDI data results in phase-dependent continuum photospheric angular diameters between about 7.9 mas (Phase 0.55) and 9.7 mas (Phase 1.16). The dust shell can best be modeled with Al2O3 grains using phase-dependent inner boundary radii between 1.8 and 2.4 photospheric radii. The dust shell be more compact with greater optical depth near visual minimum, and more extended with lower optical depth after visual maximum. The ratios of the SiO maser ring radii to the photospheric radii are between about 1.9 and 2.4. The maser spots mark the region of the molecular atmospheric layers just beyond the steepest decrease in the mid-infrared model intensity profile. Their velocity structure indicates a radial gas expansion. Al2O3 dust grains and SiO maser spots form at relatively small radii of 1.8-2.4 photospheric radii. Our results suggest increased mass loss and dust formation close to the surface near the minimum visual phase, when Al2O3 dust grains are co-located with the molecular gas and the SiO maser shells, and a more expanded dust shell after visual maximum. Silicon does not be bound in dust, as our data show no sign of silicate grains.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 429, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00197", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00689", "text": "that 90 percent of the women studied who had silicone implants showed silicone droplets in their lymph nodes. The study also showed that 95 percent of these women had abnormal cells in their lymph nodes, compared with only 33 percent of women who had breast cancer surgery without the addition of silicone implants. (E) In 2003, the U.S. government entered into a settlement with breast implant manufacturers for reimbursement for medical expenses paid by the Federal Government for women harmed by silicone gel breast implants. (F) FDA's Office of Criminal Investigations (``OCI'') has investigated whether one manufacturer of breast implants submitted inaccurate data on ruptures in its application. The FDA OCI also is investigating allegations regarding whether that same manufacturer failed to ensure that their implants were used in compliance with FDA restrictions for the Adjunct Study. (3) With respect to the applications submitted to the FDA by Barr Laboratories for approval of the contraceptive drug marketed as Plan B: (A) The FDA rejected the first Plan B application in May 2004 because of concerns that easier access to Plan B result in increased promiscuity among women under 16, despite studies disproving this contention. (B) The FDA said it would not approve the Plan B application unless it included an age-based sales distinction. In response, Barr Laboratories submitted a new application to provide over-the-counter sales of plan B to women 16 years and older. More than one-year later, FDA expressed concern that the age-based sales distinction would present regulatory concerns, even though the amended application was the result of FDA's recommendations. (C) According to court documents released on August 3, 2006, the director of FDA's Office of New Drugs learned early in 2004 that the then-FDA Commissioner had decided against approval of Plan B before FDA staff could complete their analysis. (D) In another sworn deposition contained in the same court documents, one FDA official was told in January 2004 by the FDA Deputy Commissioner that Plan B needed to be rejected to ``appease the administration's constituents''. (E) In a letter and congressional testimony on August 1, the FDA Commissioner recommended that the appropriate age range for over-the-counter Plan B is 18 and older. This recommendation was established arbitrarily and acknowledged by FDA as not supported by scientific data. (F) A former FDA Commissioner testified in a sworn statement that he delayed approving over-the-counter sales of Plan B to determine how to restrict sales to young teens. (G", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01014", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00690", "text": "Using a widely used stellar population synthesis model, we study the ability of using pairs of AB system colours to break the well-known stellar age--metallicity degeneracy and give constraints on the two stellar-population parameters (age and metallicity). The relative age and metallicity sensitivities of AB system colours that relate to u, B, g, V, r, R, i, I, z, J, H, and K bands are presented, and the abilities of various colour pairs for breaking the age--metallicity degeneracy are quantified by an uncertainty parameter (UP) method. Our results suggest that a few pairs of colours can be used to constrain the two above stellar-population parameters. This will be very useful for exploring the stellar populations of distant galaxies. In detail, colour pairs [(r-K), (u-R)] and [(r-K), (u-r)] are shown to be the best pairs for estimating stellar ages and metallicities. They can constrain two stellar-population parameters on average with age uncertainties less than 3.89 Gyr and metallicity uncertainties less than 0.34 dex for typical uncertainties in colours. Some other colour pairs, such as [(R-K), (u-R)], [(I-K), (u-R)], [(R-K), (u-r)] and [(i-J), (u-R)], can be used for constraining the two parameters, too. As a whole, our results suggest that colours relating to both UBVRIJHK and ugriz magnitudes are much better than either UBVRIJHK colours or ugriz colours for breaking the well-known degeneracy. The results also show that the stellar ages and metallicities of galaxies observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) can be estimated via photometry data. It is also shown that the colours can be used in conjunction with line indices to measure stellar-population parameters.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 401, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00024", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00691", "text": "materials under the private contract and an estimate of the cost of any such equipment and materials. (6) An estimate of the cost of unemployment compensation or other benefits to be paid to any employees of the government agency displaced as a result of the private contract. (7) An estimate of the cost to the government agency of resuming performance of the service to be performed under the private contract. SEC. 5. MATERIALS TO ACCOMPANY COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS. (a) In General.--If, after conducting a cost-benefit analysis for a private contract under section 4, a government agency finds that the benefits of entering into the contract outweigh the costs, the agency shall also prepare for the contract the materials required by this section. (b) Performance History.--The materials to be prepared under subsection (a) shall include a performance history of the private contractor. Such history shall include, at a minimum, the following: (1) A description of any work performed for the government agency by the private contractor in the preceding 5-year period or, if such work was not performed, a description of any work performed for other government agencies by the private contractor in such 5-year period. (2) With respect to each private contract to which paragraph (1) applies, the amount of funds originally committed by the government agency under the contract and the amount of funds actually expended by the government agency under the contract. (3) With respect to each private contract to which paragraph (1) applies, deadlines originally established for all work performed under the contract and the actual date or dates on which performance of the work was completed. (4) Any citations, court findings, or administrative findings against the private contractor for a violation of applicable Federal, State, and local laws, including laws governing environmental protection, employee safety and health, labor relations, and other employment requirements. (5) Documentation to substantiate that the qualifications, experience, and expertise of the employees to be utilized by the private contractor under the private contract, including subcontractors, are at least equal to that of the government agency employees who providing the services. (c) Political Contribution History.--The materials to be prepared under subsection (a) shall include a political contribution history of the private contractor. Such history shall include, at a minimum, a listing of all contributions made by the private contractor to political parties and candidates for political office in the preceding 5-year period. (d) Certification of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01052", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00692", "text": "We study the Laplacian operator of an uncorrelated random network and, as an application, consider hopping processes (diffusion, random walks, signal propagation, etc.) on networks. We develop a strict approach to these problems. We derive an exact closed set of integral equations, which provide the averages of the Laplacian operator's resolvent. This enables us to describe the propagation of a signal and random walks on the network. We show that the determining parameter in this problem is the minimum degree $q_m$ of vertices in the network and that the high-degree part of the degree distribution is not that essential. The position of the lower edge of the Laplacian spectrum $\\lambda_c$ be the same as in the regular Bethe lattice with the coordination number $q_m$. Namely, $\\lambda_c>0$ if $q_m>2$, and $\\lambda_c=0$ if $q_m\\leq2$. In both these cases the density of eigenvalues $\\rho(\\lambda)\\to0$ as $\\lambda\\to\\lambda_c+0$, but the limiting behaviors near $\\lambda_c$ are very different. In terms of a distance from a starting vertex, the hopping propagator is a steady moving Gaussian, broadening with time. This picture qualitatively coincides with that for a regular Bethe lattice. Our analytical results include the spectral density $\\rho(\\lambda)$ near $\\lambda_c$ and the long-time asymptotics of the autocorrelator and the propagator.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00233", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00693", "text": "We present a new algorithm that computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hermitian positive definite matrix while solving a linear system of equations with Conjugate Gradient (CG). Traditionally, all the CG iteration vectors saved and recombined through the eigenvectors of the tridiagonal projection matrix, which is equivalent theoretically to unrestarted Lanczos. Our algorithm capitalizes on the iteration vectors produced by CG to update only a small window of vectors that approximate the eigenvectors. While this window is restarted in a locally optimal way, the CG algorithm for the linear system is unaffected. Yet, in all our experiments, this small window converges to the required eigenvectors at a rate identical to unrestarted Lanczos. After the solution of the linear system, eigenvectors that have not accurately converged can be improved in an incremental fashion by solving additional linear systems. In this case, eigenvectors identified in earlier systems can be used to deflate, and thus accelerate, the convergence of subsequent systems. We have used this algorithm with excellent results in lattice QCD applications, where hundreds of right hand sides may be needed. Specifically, about 70 eigenvectors are obtained to full accuracy after solving 24 right hand sides. Deflating these from the large number of subsequent right hand sides removes the dreaded critical slowdown, where the conditioning of the matrix increases as the quark mass reaches a critical value. Our experiments show almost a constant number of iterations for our method, regardless of quark mass, and speedups of 8 over original CG for light quark masses.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 317, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00312", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00694", "text": "Charged massive particles (CHAMPs), when present during the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) era, may significantly alter the synthesis of light elements when compared to a standard BBN scenario. This is due to the formation of bound states with nuclei. This paper presents a detailed numerical and analytical analysis of such CHAMP BBN. All reactions important for predicting light-element yields are calculated within the Born approximation. Three priorly neglected effects are treated in detail:(a) photodestruction of bound states due to electromagnetic cascades induced by the CHAMP decay, (b) late-time efficient destruction/production of H2, Li6, and Li7 due to reactions on charge Z=1 nuclei bound to CHAMPs, and (c) CHAMP exchange between nuclei. Each of these effects may induce orders-of-magnitude changes in the final abundance yields. The study focusses on the impact of CHAMPs on a possible simultaneous solution of the Li6 and Li7 problems. It is shown that a priorly suggested simultaneous solution of the Li6 and Li7 problems for a relic decaying at tau_x = 1000 sec is only very weakly dependent on the relic being neutral or charged, unless its hadronic branching ratio is Bh << 10^-4 very small. By use of a Monte-Carlo analysis it is shown that within CHAMP BBN the existence of further parameter space for a simultaneous solution of the Li6 and Li7 problem for long decay times tau_x > 10^6 sec possible but fairly unlikely.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00358", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00695", "text": "We model mock observations of collisionless N-body disc-disc mergers with an axisymmetric orbit superposition program that has been used to model Coma ellipticals. The remnants sample representatively the shapes of disc-disc mergers including prolate, triaxial and oblate objects. The aim is to better understand how the assumption of axial symmetry affects reconstructed masses and stellar motions of systems which are intrinsically not axisymmetric, whether it leads to a bias and how such a potential bias can be recognised in models of real galaxies. The mass recovery at the half-light radius depends on viewing-angle and intrinsic shape: edge-on views allow to reconstruct total masses with an accuracy between 20% (triaxial/prolate remnants) and 3% (oblate remnant). Masses of highly flattened, face-on systems are underestimated by up to 50%. Deviations in local mass densities can be larger where remnants are strongly triaxial or prolate. Luminous M/L are sensitive to box orbits in the remnants. Box orbits cause the central kinematics to vary with viewing-angle. Reconstructed luminous M/L and central masses follow this variation. Luminous M/L are always underestimated (up to a factor of 2.5). Respective dark halos in the models can be overestimated by about the same amount, depending again on viewing angle. Reconstructed velocity anisotropies depend on viewing angle and on the orbital composition of the remnant. We construct N-body realisations of the Schwarzschild models to discuss chaotic orbits and the virial equilibrium in our models. Apparently flattened, rotating ellipticals of intermediate mass are close to both, axial symmetry and edge-on orientation. Our results imply that Schwarzschild models allow a reconstruction of their masses and stellar anisotropies with high accuracy. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 373, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00471", "split": "train"}
+{"id": "hedging_train_0_00696", "text": "For many real spin-glass materials, the Edwards-Anderson model with continuous-symmetry spins is more realistic than the rather better understood Ising variant. In principle, the nature of an occurring spin-glass phase in such systems be inferred from an analysis of the zero-temperature properties. Unfortunately, with few exceptions, the problem of finding ground-state configurations is a non-polynomial problem computationally, such that efficient approximation algorithms are called for. Here, we employ the recently developed genetic embedded matching (GEM) heuristic to investigate the nature of the zero-temperature phase of the bimodal XY spin glass in two dimensions. We analyze bulk properties such as the asymptotic ground-state energy and the phase diagram of disorder strength vs. disorder concentration. For the case of a symmetric distribution of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bonds, we find that the ground state of the model is unique up to a global O(2) rotation of the spins. In particular, there are no extensive degeneracies in this model. The main focus of this work is on an investigation of the excitation spectrum as probed by changing the boundary conditions. Using appropriate finite-size scaling techniques, we consistently determine the stiffness of spin and chiral domain walls and the corresponding fractal dimensions. Most noteworthy, we find that the spin and chiral channels are characterized by two distinct stiffness exponents and, consequently, the system displays spin-chirality decoupling at large length scales. Results for the overlap distribution do not support the possibility of a multitude of thermodynamic pure states.", "label": 0, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00204", "split": "train"}