diff --git "a/data/corpora/negation_density/test_neg.jsonl" "b/data/corpora/negation_density/test_neg.jsonl" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/corpora/negation_density/test_neg.jsonl" @@ -0,0 +1,299 @@ +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00000", "text": "We investigate the clustering properties of a complete sample of 10^5 star-forming galaxies drawn from the SDSS DR4. On scales less than 100 kpc, the amplitude of the correlation function exhibits a strong dependence on the specific star formation rate of the galaxy. We interpret this as the signature of enhanced star formation induced by tidal interactions. We then explore how the average star formation rate in a galaxy is enhanced as the projected separation r_p between the galaxy and its companions decreases. We find that the enhancement depends strongly on r_p, but very weakly on the relative luminosity of the companions. The enhancement is also stronger in low mass galaxies than in high mass galaxies. In order to explore whether a tidal interaction is only sufficient, but also necessary to trigger enhanced star formation in a galaxy, we compute background subtracted neighbour counts for the galaxies in our sample. The average number of close neighbours around galaxies with low to average values of SFR/M* is close to zero. At the highest specific star formation rates, however, more than 40% of the galaxies in our sample have a companion within a projected radius of 100 kpc. Visual inspection of the highest SFR/M* galaxies with companions reveals that more than 50% of these are clear interacting or merging systems. We conclude that tidal interactions are the dominant trigger of enhanced star formation in the most strongly star-forming systems. Finally, we find clear evidence that tidal interactions only lead to enhanced star formation in galaxies, but also cause structural changes such as an increase in concentration.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00227", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00001", "text": "In the technique of microrheology, macroscopic rheological parameters as well as information about local structure are deduced from the behavior of microscopic probe particles under thermal or active forcing. Microrheology requires knowledge of the relation between macroscopic parameters and the force felt by a particle in response to displacements. We investigate this response function for a spherical particle using the two-fluid model, in which the gel is represented by a polymer network coupled to a surrounding solvent via a drag force. We obtain an analytic solution for the response function in the limit of small volume fraction of the polymer network, and neglecting inertial effects. We use no-slip boundary conditions for the solvent at the surface of the sphere. The boundary condition for the network at the surface of the sphere is a kinetic friction law, for which the tangential stress of the network is proportional to relative velocity of the network and the sphere. This boundary condition encompasses both no-slip and frictionless boundary conditions as limits. Far from the sphere there is relative motion between the solvent and network due to the coupling between them. However, the different boundary conditions on the solvent and network tend to produce different far-field motions. We show that the far field motion and the force on the sphere are controlled by the solvent boundary conditions at high frequency and by the network boundary conditions at low frequency. At low frequencies compression of the network can also affect the force on the sphere. We find the crossover frequencies at which the effects of sliding of the sphere past the polymer network and compression of the gel become important.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00481", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00002", "text": "shall deputize, as a Federal flight deck officer under this section, any qualified pilot who submits to the Under Secretary a request to be such an officer. ``(2) Initial deputization.--later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Under Secretary shall deputize fewer than 500 qualified pilots who are former military or law enforcement personnel as Federal flight deck officers under this section. ``(3) Full implementation.--later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Under Secretary shall deputize any qualified pilot as a Federal flight deck officer under this section. ``(e) Compensation.--Pilots participating in the program under this section shall be eligible for compensation from the Federal Government for services provided as a Federal flight deck officer. ``(f) Authority To Carry Firearms.--The Under Secretary shall authorize a Federal flight deck officer under this section to carry a firearm while engaged in providing air transportation or intrastate air transportation. ``(g) Authority To Use Force.--Notwithstanding section 44903(d), a Federal flight deck officer may use force (including lethal force) against an individual in the defense of an aircraft in air transportation or intrastate air transportation if the officer reasonably believes that the security of the aircraft is at risk. ``(h) Limitation on Liability.-- ``(1) Liability of air carriers.--An air carrier shall be liable for damages in any action brought in a Federal or State court arising out of the air carrier employing a pilot of an aircraft who is a Federal flight deck officer under this section or out of the acts or omissions of the pilot in defending an aircraft of the air carrier against acts of criminal violence or air piracy. ``(2) Liability of federal flight deck officers.--A Federal flight deck officer shall be liable for damages in any action brought in a Federal or State court arising out of the acts or omissions of the officer in defending an aircraft against acts of criminal violence or air piracy unless the officer is guilty of gross negligence or willful misconduct. ``(i) Regulations.--later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Under Secretary, in consultation with the Firearms Training Unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall issue regulations to carry out this section. ``(j) Pilot Defined.--The term `pilot' means an individual responsible for the operation of aircraft.''. (b) Conforming Amendments.-- (1) Chapter analysis.--The analysis for", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01032", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00003", "text": "We report radio continuum observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array of two molecular clouds. The impetus for these observations is a search for synchrotron radiation by cosmic ray secondary electrons/positrons in a region of enhanced density and possibly high magnetic field. We present modelling which shows that there should be an appreciable flux of synchrotron above the more diffuse, galactic synchrotron background. The starless core G333.125-0.562 and infrared source IRAS 15596-5301 were observed at 1384 and 2368 MHz. For G333.125-0.562, we find significant levels of radio emission from this source at either frequency, or any appreciable polarisation: we place an upper limit on the radio continuum flux from this source of 0.5 mJy per beam at both 1384 and 2368 MHz. Due to the higher than expected flux density limits, we also obtained archival ATCA data at 8640 MHz for this cloud and place an upper limit on the flux density of 50 micro-Jy per beam. Assuming the cosmic ray spectrum is similar to that near the Sun, and given the cloud's molecular density and mass, we place an upper limit on the magnetic field of 500 micro-G. IRAS 15596-5301, with an RMS of 50 micro-Jy per beam at 1384 MHz, shows an HII region consistent with optically thin free-free emission already detected at 4800 MHz. We use the same prescription as G333 to constrain the magnetic field from this cloud to be less than 500 micro-G. We find that these values are inconsistent with the view that magnetic field values scale with the average density of the molecular cloud.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 359, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00391", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00004", "text": "Let C(G) denote the set of lengths of cycles in a graph G. In the first part of this paper, we study the minimum possible value of |C(G)| over all graphs G of average degree d and girth g. Erdos conjectured that |C(G)| =\\Omega(d^{\\lfloor (g-1)/2\\rfloor}) for all such graphs, and we prove this conjecture. In particular, the longest cycle in a graph of average degree d and girth g has length \\Omega(d^{\\lfloor (g-1)/2\\rfloor}). The study of this problem was initiated by Ore in 1967 and our result improves all previously known lower bounds on the length of the longest cycle. Moreover, our bound can be improved in general, since known constructions of d-regular Moore Graphs of girth g have roughly that many vertices. We also show that \\Omega(d^{\\lfloor (g-1)/2\\rfloor}) is a lower bound for the number of odd cycle lengths in a graph of chromatic number d and girth g. Further results are obtained for the number of cycle lengths in H-free graphs of average degree d. In the second part of the paper, motivated by the conjecture of Erdos and Gyarfas that every graph of minimum degree at least three contains a cycle of length a power of two, we prove a general theorem which gives an upper bound on the average degree of an n-vertex graph with cycle of even length in a prescribed infinite sequence of integers. For many sequences, including the powers of two, our theorem gives the upper bound e^{O(\\log^* n)} on the average degree of graph of order n with cycle of length in the sequence, where \\log^* n is the number of times the binary logarithm must be applied to n to get a number which is at most", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 389, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00110", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00005", "text": "and Nationality Act. SEC. 3. DETERMINATIONS. (a) Hearing by Immigration Judge.--If the Attorney General has reason to believe that an individual who has applied for or is receiving a Federal public benefit may have been a participant in Nazi persecution (within the meaning of section 2 of this Act), the Attorney General may provide an opportunity for a hearing on the record with respect to the matter. The Attorney General may delegate the conduct of the hearing to an immigration judge appointed by the Attorney General under section 101(b)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. (b) Procedure.-- (1) Right of respondents to appear.-- (A) Citizens, permanent resident aliens, and persons present in the united states.--At a hearing under this section, each respondent may appear in person if the respondent is a United States citizen, a permanent resident alien, or present within the United States when the proceeding under this section is initiated. (B) Others.--A respondent who is a citizen, a permanent resident alien, or present within the United States when the proceeding under this section is initiated may appear by video conference. (C) Rule of interpretation.--This Act shall be construed to permit the return to the United States of an individual who is inadmissible under section 212(a)(3)(E) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. (2) Other rights of respondents.--At a hearing under this section, each respondent may be represented by counsel at expense to the Federal Government, present evidence, cross- examine witnesses, and obtain the issuance of subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses and presentation of evidence. (3) Rules of evidence.--Unless otherwise provided in this Act, rules regarding the presentation of evidence in the hearing shall apply in the same manner in which such rules would apply in a removal proceeding before a United States immigration judge under section 240 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. (c) Hearings, Findings and Conclusions, and Order.-- (1) Findings and conclusions.--Within 60 days after the end of a hearing conducted under this section, the immigration judge shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect to whether the respondent has been a participant in Nazi persecution (within the meaning of section 2 of this Act). (2) Order.-- (A) Finding that respondent has been a participant in nazi persecution.--If the immigration judge finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01114", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00006", "text": "standard model SEDs or truncated standard model SEDs fit observed spectra of QU Carinae with acceptable accuracy over the range 900\\AA to 3000\\AA. Non-standard model SEDs fit the observation set accurately. The non-standard accretion disk models have a hot region extending from the white dwarf to $R=1.36R_{\\rm wd}$,a narrow intermediate temperature annulus, and an isothermal remainder to the tidal cutoff boundary. The models include a range of $\\dot{M}$ values between $1.0{\\times}10^{-7}M_{\\odot} {\\rm yr}^{-1}$ and $1.0{\\times}10^{-6}M_{\\odot} {\\rm yr}^{-1}$ and limiting values of $M_{\\rm wd}$ between $0.6M_{\\odot}$ and $1.2M_{\\odot}$. A solution with $M_{\\rm wd}=1.2M_{\\odot}$ is consistent with an empirical mass-period relation. The set of models agree on a limited range of possible isothermal region $T_{\\rm eff}$ values between 14,000K and 18,000K. The model-to-model residuals are so similar that it is possible to choose a best model. The Hipparcos distance, 610 pc, is representative of the model results. The orbital inclination is between $40\\arcdeg$ and $60\\arcdeg$.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 309, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00273", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00007", "text": ". (2) Compensation.--The Chairperson of the Commission may fix the compensation of the executive director and other personnel with regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that the rate of pay for the executive director and other personnel may exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of such title. (d) Detail of Government Employees.--Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Commission with reimbursement, and such detail shall be with interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege. (e) Procurement of Temporary and Intermittent Services.--The Chairperson of the Commission may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code, at rates for individuals which do exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of such title. SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; GAO AUDIT. (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 to the Commission to carry out the provisions of this Act. (b) GAO Audit.--later than 6 months after termination of the Commission, the Comptroller General of the United States shall complete an audit of the financial books and records of the Commission to determine that the limitation on expenses has been met, and shall submit a report on the audit to the President and Congress. SEC. 8. TERMINATION OF COMMISSION. The Commission shall cease to exist 30 days after the date on which the Commission submits the final report under section 4.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00922", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00008", "text": "netting the equalizer after a mistake by Sevilla goalkeeper Sergio Rico. By Tales Azzoni. SENT: 164 words, photos. SOC--ITALIAN ROUNDUP MILAN — AC Milan drew 0-0 at home to Lazio in the first leg of their Italian Cup semifinal on Wednesday and could be left counting the cost of an embarrassing miss by Hakan Calhanoglu. SENT: 322 words, photos. SOC--FRENCH ROUNDUP PARIS — First-half goals from Radamel Falcao sent Monaco back into the League Cup final after a 2-0 home win against Montpellier on Wednesday. SENT: 297 words, photos. SOC--GERMANY TRANSFERS BERLIN — Borussia Dortmund dominated the end of the transfer window in Germany with a flurry of activity that saw star striker Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang leave and Michy Batshuayi take his place on Wednesday. By Ciaran Fahey. SENT: 698 words, photos. SOC--ITALY-TRANSFERS MILAN — Roma was the only one of the top-five Serie A clubs to make a major signing as the Italian transfer window closed on Wednesday, with the capital club bringing in Argentina left back Jonathan Silva on loan from Sporting Lisbon. By Daniella Matar. SENT: 346 words, photos. SOC--SPAIN-TRANSFERS MADRID — Real Sociedad signed veteran Mexico defender Hector Moreno on a day with major transfers involving Spain's top clubs. By Tales Azzoni. SENT: 382 words, photos. WINTER OLYMPICS: OLY--LUG-GERMAN GREATNESS There has been a women's luge athlete who has won more World Cup medals than Natalie Geisenberger. Same goes for world championship medals, same goes for Olympic medals. Her resume is beyond compare. So she's the best ever to slide, right? \"No,\" she says, adamantly. \"I'm the best.\" SENT: 801 words, photos. TENNIS: TEN--FED CUP-FRANCE PARIS — Kristina Mladenovic, Pauline Parmentier and Amandine Hesse were named in France's Fed Cup team on Wednesday for the first-round match against Belgium. SENT: 267 words. TEN--ST PETERSBURG LADIES TROPHY ST. PETERSBURG, Russia — Petra Kvitova advanced to the second round", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00825", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00009", "text": "The majority of observed mass-to-light ratios of globular clusters are too low to be explained by `canonical' cluster models, in which dynamical effects are accounted for. Moreover, these models do reproduce a recently reported trend of increasing M/L with cluster mass, but instead predict mass-to-light ratios that are independent of cluster mass for a fixed age and metallicity. This study aims to explain the M/L of globular clusters in four galaxies by including stellar evolution, stellar remnants, and the preferential loss of low-mass stars due to energy equipartition. Analytical cluster models are applied that account for stellar evolution and dynamical cluster dissolution to samples of globular clusters in Cen A, the Milky Way, M31 and the LMC. The models include stellar remnants and cover metallicities in the range Z=0.0004-0.05. Both the low observed mass-to-light ratios and the trend of increasing M/L with cluster mass can be reproduced by including the preferential loss of low-mass stars, assuming reasonable values for the dissolution timescale. This leads to a mass-dependent M/L evolution and increases the explained percentage of the observations from 39% to 92%. This study shows that the hitherto unexplained discrepancy between observations and models of the mass-to-light ratios of globular clusters can be explained by dynamical effects, provided that the globular clusters exhibiting low M/L have dissolution timescales within the ranges assumed in this Letter. Furthermore, it substantiates that M/L can be assumed to be constant with mass at fixed age and metallicity.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 319, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00421", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00010", "text": "A set theory is developed based on the approximations of sets and denoted by AS. In AS the set of all sets exists but the argument for Russell's and Cantor's paradox fail. The Axioms of Separation, Replacement and Foundation are valid. All the other axioms of ZF are valid and all the basic sets, such as complement, intersection and cartesian product, exist although complement is quite the same set as in ZF. The set of all sets can be equipped with the topology of approximations (Ta). Every set is closed and every function is continuous in Ta. This implies that the Continuum Hypothesis is false. The sets containing a subset which is perfect in Ta are of the greatest cardinality. A simple observation shows that the concept of well-ordering must be defined in a slightly different way than in ZF. We prove that a set can be well-ordered if and only if it has perfect subset. Therefore the cardinalities of arbitrary sets are always comparable with assuming the Axiom of Choice. The cardinals following the smallest infinite cardinal w are 2w, 3w, ..., w^2, 2w^2, 3w^2, >..., w^3.... each being of greater cardinality than the previous one, which is the case in ZF. Immediately after these cardinals does follow w^w which is a well-orderable set but some well-ordered cardinal k, and this one is followed by the cardinals 2k, 3k, ..., k^2, 2k^2, 3k^2, ..., k^3...., etc. The greatest cardinal is P(w) and is a well-orderable set. The cofinality of a well-ordered set is either 2 or w. The only regular cardinals are 0, 1, 2, w and P(w). All other cardinals are singular. The only strong limit cardinal is w. The only inaccessible cardinal is P(w). Strongly inaccessible cardinals do exist.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 420, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00340", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00011", "text": "X-ray Bright Optically Normal Galaxies (XBONGs) constitute a small but negligible fraction of hard X-ray selected sources in recent Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys. Even though several possibilities were proposed to explain why a relatively luminous hard X-ray source does leave any significant signature of its presence in terms of optical emission lines, the nature of XBONGs is still subject of debate. We aim to a better understanding of their nature by means of a multiwavelength and morphological analysis of a small sample of these sources. Good-quality photometric near-infrared data (ISAAC/VLT) of four low-redshift (z=0.1-0.3) XBONGs, selected from the HELLAS2XMM survey, have been used to search for the presence of the putative nucleus, applying the surface-brightness decomposition technique through the least-squares fitting program GALFIT. The surface brightness decomposition allows us to reveal a nuclear point-like source, likely to be responsible of the X-ray emission, in two out of the four sources. The results indicate that moderate amounts of gas and dust, covering a large solid angle (possibly 4pi) at the nuclear source, combined with the low nuclear activity, may explain the lack of optical emission lines. The third XBONG is associated with an X-ray extended source and nuclear excess is detected in the near infrared at the limits of our observations. The last source is associated to a close (d< 1 arcsec) double system and the fitting procedure can achieve a firm conclusion.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00183", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00012", "text": "A discrete tensegrity framework can be thought of as a graph in Euclidean n-space where each edge is of one of three types: an edge with a fixed length (bar) or an edge with an upper (cable) or lower (strut) bound on its length. Roth and Whiteley, in their 1981 paper \"Tensegrity Frameworks\", showed that in certain cases, the struts and cables can be replaced with bars when analyzing the framework for infinitesimal rigidity. In that case we call the tensegrity \"bar equivalent\". In specific, they showed that if there exists a set of positive weights, called a positive \"stress\", on the edges such that the weighted sum of the edge vectors is zero at every vertex, then the tensegrity is bar equivalent. In this paper we consider an extended version of the tensegrity framework in which the vertex set is a (possibly infinite) set of points in Euclidean n-space and the edgeset is a compact set of unordered pairs of vertices. These are called \"continuous tensegrities\". We show that if a continuous tensegrity has a strictly positive stress, it is bar equivalent and that it has a semipositive stress if and only if it is partially bar equivalent. We also show that if a tensegrity is minimally bar equivalent (it is bar equivalent but removing any open set of edges makes it longer so), then it has a strictly positive stress. In particular, we examine the case where the vertices form a rectifiable curve and the possible motions of the curve are limited to local isometries of it. Our methods provide an attractive proof of the following result: There is locally arclength preserving motion of a circle that increases any antipodal distance with decreasing some other one.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00025", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00013", "text": "We study the relation between the internal structure of early-type galaxies and their environment using 70 strong gravitational lenses from the Sloan ACS Lens Survey. The Sloan database is used to determine two measures of overdensity of galaxies around each lens: the projected number density of galaxies inside the tenth nearest neighbor (\\Sigma_{10}) and within a cone of radius one h^{-1} Mpc (D_1). Our main results are: 1) The average overdensity is somewhat larger than unity, consistent with lenses preferring overdense environments as expected for massive early-type galaxies (12/70 lenses are in known groups/clusters). 2) The distribution of overdensities is indistinguishable from that of \"twin\" non-lens galaxies selected from SDSS to have the same redshift and stellar velocity dispersion \\sigma_*. Thus, within our errors, lens galaxies are an unbiased population, and the SLACS results can be generalized to the overall population of early-type galaxies. 3) Typical contributions from external mass distribution are more than a few per cent, reaching 10-20% (~0.05-0.10 external convergence) only in the most extreme overdensities. 4) significant correlation between overdensity and slope of the mass density profile of the lens is found. 5) Satellite galaxies (those with a more luminous companion) have marginally steeper mass density profiles than central galaxies (those with). This result suggests that tidal stripping may affect the mass structure of early-type galaxies down to kpc scales probed by strong lensing, when they fall into larger structures [ABRIDGED].", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 327, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00422", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00014", "text": "The reliability of quiet Sun magnetic field diagnostics based on the \\ion{Fe}{1} lines at 6302 \\AA has been questioned by recent work. We present here the results of a thorough study of high-resolution multi-line observations taken with the new spectro-polarimeter SPINOR, comprising the 5250 and 6302 \\AA spectral domains. The observations were analyzed using several inversion algorithms, including Milne-Eddington, LTE with 1 and 2 components, and MISMA codes. We find that the line-ratio technique applied to the 5250 \\AA lines is sufficiently reliable to provide a direct magnetic diagnostic in the presence of thermal fluctuations and variable line broadening. In general, one needs to resort to inversion algorithms, ideally with realistic magneto-hydrodynamical constrains. When this is done, the 5250 \\AA lines do seem to provide any significant advantage over those at 6302 \\AA . In fact, our results point towards a better performance with the latter (in the presence of turbulent line broadening). In any case, for very weak flux concentrations, spectral region alone provides sufficient constraints to fully disentangle the intrinsic field strengths. Instead, we advocate for a combined analysis of both spectral ranges, which yields a better determination of the quiet Sun magnetic properties. Finally, we propose the use of two other \\ion{Fe}{1} lines (at 4122 and 9000 \\AA) with identical line opacities that seem to work much better than the others.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00181", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00015", "text": "Interaction with the Interstellar Medium (ISM) can be ignored in understanding planetary nebula (PN) evolution and shaping. In an effort to understand the range of shapes observed in the outer envelopes of PNe, we have run a comprehensive set of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, from the beginning of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) superwind phase until the end of the post--AGB/PN phase. A 'triple-wind' model is used, including a slow AGB wind, fast post--AGB wind and third wind reflecting the linear movement through the ISM. A wide range of stellar velocities, mass-loss rates and ISM densities have been considered. We find ISM interaction strongly affects outer PN structures, with the dominant shaping occuring during the AGB phase. The simulations predict four stages of PN--ISM interaction whereby the PN is initially unaffected (1), then limb-brightened in the direction of motion (2), then distorted with the star moving away from the geometric centre (3) and finally so distorted that the object is longer recognisable as a PN and may be classed as such (4). Parsec-size shells around PN are predicted to be common. The structure and brightness of ancient PNe is largely determined by the ISM interaction, caused by rebrightening during the second stage; this effect may address the current discrepancies in Galactic PN abundance. The majority of PNe will have tail structures. Evidence for strong interaction is found for all known planetary nebulae in globular clusters.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 310, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00166", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00016", "text": "or outside of the plan's or issuer's provider network, the plan or issuer shall take into account the ability of the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee to travel to the provider, but the plan or issuer is liable for costs relating to such travel. ``(h) Consultation Reports.--The plan or issuer shall require the second opinion health professional to provide the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee and the initial health professional with a consultation report, including any recommended procedures or test that the second opinion health professional believes appropriate. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the plan or issuer from authorizing, based on its independent determination, additional medical opinions concerning the medical condition of a participant, beneficiary, or enrollee. ``(i) Notice.--If the plan or issuer denies a request by a participant, beneficiary, or enrollee for a second opinion, it shall notify the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee in writing of the reasons for the denial and shall inform the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee of the rights to file a grievance with the plan. ``(j) Limitation to Participating Providers.--Unless authorized by the plan or issuer, in order for services to be covered the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee shall obtain services only from a provider who is participating in, or under contract with, the plan or issuer pursuant to the specific contract under which the participant, beneficiary, or enrollee is entitled to health care services. The plan or issuer may limit referrals to its network of providers if there is a participating plan provider who meets the standard specified in subsection (b). ``(k) Exemption.--This section shall apply to health care service plan contracts that provide benefits to enrollees through preferred provider contracting arrangements if, subject to all other terms and conditions of the contract that apply generally to all other benefits, access to and coverage for second opinions are limited. ``(l) Notice.--A group health plan under this part shall comply with the notice requirement under section 714(b) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 with respect to the requirements of this section as if such section applied to such plan.''. (B) Section 2723(c) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-23(c)) is amended by striking ``section 2704'' and inserting ``sections 2704 and 2707''. (2) ERISA amendments.--(A) Subpart B of part 7 of subtitle B of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00911", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00017", "text": "members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a lesser number of members may hold hearings. (e) Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.--The Commission shall select a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson from among its members. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. later than 1 year after the initial meeting of the Commission, the Commission, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior and other appropriate Federal, State, and local public and private entities, shall prepare and submit to the Secretary of the Interior a report that-- (1) identifies sites of historical significance to the women's movement; and (2) recommends actions, under the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.) and other law, to rehabilitate and preserve the sites and provide to the public interpretive and educational materials and activities at the sites. SEC. 5. POWERS OF THE COMMISSION. (a) Hearings.--The Commission may hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as the Commission considers advisable to carry out its duties of this Act. (b) Information From Federal Agencies.--The Commission may secure directly from any Federal department or agency such information as the Commission considers necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. At the request of the Chairperson of the Committee, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission. SEC. 6. COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS. (a) Compensation of Members.--A member of the Commission who is otherwise an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for a position at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day (including travel time) during which the member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the Commission. A member of the Commission who is otherwise an officer or employee of the United States shall serve with compensation in addition to that received for services as an officer or employee of the United States. (b) Travel Expenses.--A member of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from the home or regular place of business", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00896", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00018", "text": "disclosed in the article. From 2010 to 2014, the organization hosted a conference called the Partnership for Safe Medicines Interchange. In a video from a 2013 event, LaGanga thanks pharmaceutical companies, most of them PhRMA members, for sponsoring the event. In February, LaGanga moved to a senior role at PhRMA and stepped down as executive director of the Partnership for Safe Medicines, just as the group's campaign to stop import legislation was revving up. The partnership's new executive director, Shabbir Safdar, said LaGanga resigned from the group to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest. \"That's why Scott's executive director anymore,\" he said. PhRMA declined to make LaGanga available for an interview. Considering Legislation The Senate push to allow Americans to buy pharmaceuticals from Canada comes as more patients balk at filling prescriptions because of soaring drug prices. Prescription medicines purchased in the U.S. can run three times what they cost in Canada, data from the company PharmacyChecker.com show. In 2016, about 19 million Americans purchased pharmaceuticals illegally from foreign sources through online pharmacies or while traveling, according to a Kaiser Family Foundation poll. Many survey respondents cited pricing disparities as the reason. A bill cosponsored by Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) would provide a mechanism for Canadian drug manufacturers to sell to U.S. consumers and pharmacies. Sanders introduced the bill in February. In January, Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) also introduced a bill to allow drug imports from Canada. In the House, Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-Md.) introduced a similar bill to Sanders', along with 23 other Democrats. The U.S. drug industry has strongly opposed efforts to open the borders to drug imports, but the PhRMA lobbying group is mentioned in the nonprofit partnership's recent advertising blitz against the proposed legislation. The nonprofit says its grass-roots effort is supported by 170 members, including professional organizations and trade groups. The nonprofit describes PhRMA as a dues-paying member with larger role in shaping the group's activities. Partnership spokeswoman Clare Krusing would say how much each member contributes. PhRMA spokeswoman Allyson Funk declined to say whether PhRMA funds the partnership. \"PhRMA engages with stakeholders across the health care system to hear their perspectives and priorities,\" Funk said. \"We", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00635", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00019", "text": "by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(h) Management of Travel Charge Cards.-- ``(1) Required safeguards and internal controls.--The head of each executive agency that has employees that use travel charge cards shall establish and maintain safeguards and internal controls over travel charge cards to ensure the following: ``(A) There is a record in each executive agency of each holder of a travel charge card issued by the agency for official use, annotated with the limitations on amounts that are applicable to the use of each such card by that travel charge cardholder. ``(B) Rebates and refunds based on prompt payment on travel charge card accounts are properly recorded as a receipt of the agency that employs the cardholder. ``(C) Periodic reviews are performed to determine whether each travel charge cardholder has a need for the travel charge card. ``(D) Appropriate training is provided to each travel charge cardholder and each official with responsibility for overseeing the use of travel charge cards issued by an executive agency. ``(E) Each executive agency has specific policies regarding the number of travel charge cards issued by various organizations and categories of organizations, the credit limits authorized for various categories of cardholders, and categories of employees eligible to be issued travel charge cards, and that those policies are designed to minimize the financial risk to the Federal Government of the issuance of the travel charge cards and to ensure the integrity of travel charge cardholders. ``(F) The head of each executive agency negotiates with the holder of the applicable travel card contract, or a third party provider of credit evaluations if such provider offers more favorable terms, to evaluate the creditworthiness of an individual before issuing the individual a travel charge card, and that individual be issued a travel charge card if the individual is found creditworthy as a result of the evaluation (except that this paragraph shall preclude issuance of a restricted use travel charge card when the individual lacks a credit history or the issuance of a pre-paid card when the individual has a credit score below the minimum credit score established by the agency). Each executive agency shall establish a minimum credit score for determining the creditworthiness of an individual based on rigorous statistical analysis of the population of cardholders and historical behaviors. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, such evaluation shall include an assessment of an individual's consumer report from a consumer reporting agency as those terms are defined in section 603 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act. The obtaining of a consumer report under this subsection is deemed to be a circumstance or purpose authorized", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01007", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00020", "text": "Amber Gajeski, the center's activities assistant, said the goal of the evening was to help seniors meet new people. She said she often hears members express that they do have companions with whom to share activities. \"That's kind of one of the main reasons why I (thought), we have to try this event,\" she said. \"Even if they do find love, which we're really expecting.\" Five men and five women attended. They sat in pairs and talked for eight minutes at a time, then mingled as a group afterward. The attendees said they came into the evening expecting a lighthearted evening with pressure. \"I'm at an age now where it's about fun, meeting new people,\" said Bobbie, a member of the center who declined to give her last name. \"It's like I think I'm going to find a husband or anything. It's just about having fun now.\" Attendees noted on a sheet of paper if they were interested in getting to know anyone they met further. Gajeski had placed conversation prompts on each table in case any of the pairs needed help breaking the ice, but the cards seemed to go untouched as everyone chatted easily up until the time came to switch pairs. Jim Laturnus said he found he had a lot in common with all of the women he visited. \"I had nothing to lose, really,\" he said of his choice to come to the event. \"I was just looking for companionship. I do know some of these other people here before. They're all fun. Every single one of them had something in common.\" \"We really had a good time, learned a little bit about each other,\" Roxie Lord said. \"I'm really glad I came.\" She added she approaches everything with the same positive attitude. \"A sense of humor is the best thing to have to keep going through life,\" she said. Gajeski said in the future, the Senior Center may organize a similar event for women only so they can meet new friends. \"There's a lot of people that just moved here. It would be nice for them to get introduced to other people.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 439, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00573", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00021", "text": "in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Panel. (3) Executive director and staff.--with regard to the civil service laws and regulations, the chairperson of the Panel may appoint and terminate an executive director and a staff of more than four additional individuals, none of whom may be current employees of the Department of State or members of the Foreign Service, if the Panel determines that an executive director and staff are necessary in order for the Panel to perform its duties effectively. The employment of an executive director shall be subject to confirmation by the Panel. (4) Compensation of executive director.--The chairperson may fix the compensation of the executive director with regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that the rate of pay for the executive director may exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of such title. (5) Detail of government employees.--Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Panel with reimbursement, and such detail shall be with interruption or loss of civil or foreign service status or privilege. The Secretary shall ensure that sufficient personnel are detailed to the Panel to enable the Panel to carry out its duties effectively. (6) Travel conditions.--To the maximum extent practicable, the members and employees of the Panel shall travel on government aircraft, ships, vehicles, or other conveyances when travel is necessary in the performance of a duty of the Panel, except that such aircraft, ship, vehicle, or other conveyance may be scheduled primarily for the transportation of any such member or employee when the cost of commercial transportation is less expensive. (g) Administrative Provisions.-- (1) Use of mail.--The Panel may use the United States mails and obtain printing and binding services in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the Federal Government. (2) Administrative and support services.--The Secretary of State shall furnish the Panel any administrative and support services requested by the Panel. (3) Gifts and donations.--The Panel may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services or property. (4) Contractual authority.--The Panel may enter into such contracts as necessary for technical support", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01126", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00022", "text": "We present XMM data for the supercluster A901/2, at z ~ 0.17, which is combined with deep imaging and 17-band photometric redshifts (from the COMBO-17 survey), 2dF spectra and Spitzer 24um data, to identify AGN in the supercluster. The 90ksec XMM image contains 139 point sources, of which 11 are identified as supercluster AGN with L_X(0.5-7.5keV) > 1.7x10^41 erg/cm2/s. The host galaxies have M_R < -20 and only 2 of 8 sources with spectra could have been identified as AGN by the detected optical emission lines. Using a large sample of 795 supercluster galaxies we define control samples of massive galaxies with detected AGN. The local environments of the AGN and control samples differ at >98 per cent significance. The AGN host galaxies lie predominantly in areas of moderate projected galaxy density and with more local blue galaxies than the control sample, with the exception of one very bright Type I AGN very near the centre of a cluster. These environments are similar to, but limited to, cluster outskirts and blue groups. Despite the large number of potential host galaxies, AGN are found in regions with the highest galaxy density (excluding some cluster cores where emission from the ICM obscures moderate luminosity AGN). AGN are also absent from the areas with lowest galaxy density. We conclude that the prevalence of cluster AGN is linked to their environment.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00105", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00023", "text": "the forefront, and working with leading studios such as Lionsgate, Metro Goldwyn Mayer (MGM), Sony Pictures Entertainment and Warner Bros. and others. ROKU OS 8.1 Starting in May, Roku OS 8.1 will deliver a number of enhanced features that add convenience and value to a customer’s streaming experience. Most notably, multicast private listening will be added to multiple devices through the Roku mobile app. The update supports up to four users on iOS or Android devices. These updates will be available to customers through a phased rollout over the course of the coming weeks. For more information on The Roku Channel visit https://www.roku.com/showcase/the-roku-channel. About Roku, Inc. Roku pioneered streaming to the TV. We connect users to the streaming content they love, enable content publishers to build and monetize large audiences, and provide advertisers with unique capabilities to engage consumers. Roku streaming players and Roku TV™ models are available around the world through direct retail sales and licensing arrangements with TV OEMs and service operators. The company is founded by Anthony Wood, inventor of the DVR. Roku is headquartered in Los Gatos, Calif. U.S.A. This press release contains “forward-looking” statements that are based on our beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us on the date of this press release. Forward-looking statements may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are limited to descriptions of the content that will be available on the The Roku Channel or the availability of future operating system software releases. Except as required by law, we assume obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially are detailed from time to time in the reports Roku, Inc. files with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Form 10-K for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2017. Copies of reports filed with the SEC are posted on Roku’s website and are available from Roku with charge. Roku is a registered trademark of Roku, Inc. in the U.S. and in other countries. View source version on businesswire.com:https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/201804240", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00682", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00024", "text": "than subsection (l)) shall apply to health insurance coverage offered by a health insurance issuer in the individual market in the same manner as they apply to health insurance coverage offered by a health insurance issuer in connection with a group health plan in the small or large group market. ``(b) Notice.--A health insurance issuer under this part shall comply with the notice requirement under section 714(b) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 with respect to the requirements referred to in subsection (a) as if such section applied to such issuer and such issuer were a group health plan.''. (2) Section 2762(b)(2) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg-62(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``section 2751'' and inserting ``sections 2751 and 2753''. (c) Effective Dates.-- (1) Group health plans and group health insurance coverage.--Subject to paragraph (3), the amendments made by subsection (a) apply with respect to group health plans for plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2006. (2) Individual health insurance coverage.--The amendments made by subsection (b) apply with respect to health insurance coverage offered, sold, issued, renewed, in effect, or operated in the individual market on or after such date. (3) Collective bargaining exception.--In the case of a group health plan maintained pursuant to 1 or more collective bargaining agreements between employee representatives and 1 or more employers ratified before the date of enactment of this Act, the amendments made subsection (a) shall apply to plan years beginning before the later of-- (A) the date on which the last collective bargaining agreements relating to the plan terminates (determined with regard to any extension thereof agreed to after the date of enactment of this Act), or (B) January 1, 2006. For purposes of subparagraph (A), any plan amendment made pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement relating to the plan which amends the plan solely to conform to any requirement added by subsection (a) shall be treated as a termination of such collective bargaining agreement. (d) Coordination of Administration.--The Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall ensure, through the execution of an interagency memorandum of understanding among such Secretaries, that-- (1) regulations, rulings, and interpretations issued by such Secretaries relating to the same matter over which", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00912", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00025", "text": "we continue to have all necessary power to detain terrorists, wherever we chase them down, wherever we find them. And in many cases, for them it will now be Guantanamo Bay. At the same time, as of a few months ago, our warriors in Afghanistan have new rules of engagement. Along with their heroic Afghan partners, our military is longer undermined by artificial timelines, and we longer tell our enemies our plans. Last month, I also took an action endorsed unanimously by the U.S. Senate just months before. I recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Shortly afterwards, dozens of countries voted in the United Nations General Assembly against America's sovereign right to make this decision. In 2016, American taxpayers generously sent those same countries more than $20 billion in aid. That is why tonight I am asking Congress to pass legislation to help ensure American foreign assistance dollars always serve American interests and only go to friends of America, enemies of America. As we strengthen friendships all around the world, we are also restoring clarity about our adversaries. When the people of Iran rose up against the crimes of their corrupt dictatorship, I did stay silent. America stands with the people of Iran in their courageous struggle for freedom. I am asking Congress to address the fundamental flaws in the terrible Iran nuclear deal. My administration has also imposed tough sanctions on the communist and socialist dictatorships in Cuba and Venezuela. But regime has oppressed its own citizens more totally or brutally than the cruel dictatorship in North Korea. North Korea's reckless pursuit of nuclear missiles could very soon threaten our homeland. We are waging a campaign of maximum pressure to prevent that from ever happening. Past experience has taught us that complacency and concessions only invite aggression and provocation. I will repeat the mistakes of past administrations that got us into this very dangerous position. We need only look at the depraved character of the North Korean regime to understand the nature of the nuclear threat it could pose to America and to our allies. Otto Warmbier was a hardworking student at the University of Virginia. And a great student, he was. On his way to study abroad in Asia, Otto joined a tour to North Korea. At its conclusion, this wonderful young man was arrested and charged with crimes against the state. After a shameful trial, the dictatorship sentenced Otto to 15 years of hard labor, before returning him to America last June, horribly injured and on the verge of death. He passed away just days after his return. Otto", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00698", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00026", "text": "of basic pay prescribed for a position at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day (including travel time) during which the member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the Commission. A member of the Commission who is otherwise an officer or employee of the United States shall serve with compensation in addition to that received for services as an officer or employee of the United States. (b) Travel Expenses.--A member of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from the home or regular place of business of the member in the performance of service for the Commission. (c) Staff.-- (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Commission may, with regard to the civil service laws (including regulations), appoint and terminate an executive director and such other additional personnel as may be necessary to enable the Commission to perform its duties. The employment and termination of an executive director shall be subject to confirmation by a majority of the members of the Commission. (2) Compensation.--The executive director shall be compensated at a rate to exceed the rate payable for a position at level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of title 5, United States Code. The Chairperson may fix the compensation of other personnel with regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that the rate of pay for such personnel may exceed the rate payable for a position at level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of that title. (3) Detail of government employees.--Any Federal Government employee, with the approval of the head of the appropriate Federal agency, may be detailed to the Commission with reimbursement, and the detail shall be with interruption or loss of civil service status, benefits, or privilege. (d) Procurement of Temporary and Intermittent Services.--The Chairperson of the Commission may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code, at rates for individuals to exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for a position at level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of that title. SEC. 7", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00897", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00027", "text": "We used the CSO 10.4 meter telescope to image the 350 micron and 450 micron continuum and CO J=6-5 line emission of the IRAS 20126+4104 clump. The continuum and line observations show that the clump is isolated over a 4 pc region and has a radius of ~ 0.5 pc. Our analysis shows that the clump has a radial density profile propto r ^{-1.2} for r <~ 0.1 pc and has propto r^{-2.3} for r >~ 0.1 pc which suggests the inner region is infalling, while the infall wave has yet reached the outer region. Assuming temperature gradient of r^{-0.35}, the power law indices become propto r ^{-0.9} for r < ~0.1 pc and propto r^{-2.0} for r >~ 0.1 pc. Based on a map of the flux ratio of 350micron/450micron, we identify three distinct regions: a bipolar feature that coincides with the large scale CO bipolar outflow; a cocoon-like region that encases the bipolar feature and has a warm surface; and a cold layer outside of the cocoon region. The complex patterns of the flux ratio map indicates that the clump is longer uniform in terms of temperature as well as dust properties. The CO emission near the systemic velocity traces the dense clump and the outer layer of the clump shows narrow line widths (< ~3 km/s). The clump has a velocity gradient of ~ 2 km/s pc^{-1}, which we interpret as due to rotation of the clump, as the equilibrium mass (~ 200 Msun) is comparable to the LTE mass obtained from the CO line. Over a scale of ~ 1 pc, the clump rotates in the opposite sense with respect to the >~ 0.03 pc disk associated with the (proto)star. This is one of four objects in high-mass and low-mass star forming regions for which a discrepancy between the rotation sense of the envelope and the core has been found, suggesting that such a complex kinematics may be unusual in star forming regions.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 456, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00366", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00028", "text": "A) Disclosure of any reasonably segregable portion of the human rights record after deletion of the portions described in paragraph (1). (B) Disclosure of a record that is a substitute for information which is disclosed. (C) Disclosure of a summary of the information contained in the human rights record. (4) Notification of determination.-- (A) In general.--Upon completion of its review, the Appeals Panel shall notify the head of the agency in control or possession of the human rights record that was the subject of the review of its determination and shall, later than 14 days after the determination, publish the determination in the Federal Register. (B) Notice to president.--The Appeals Panel shall notify the President of its determination. The notice shall contain a written unclassified justification for its determination, including an explanation of the application of the standards contained in section 5. (5) General procedures.--The Appeals Panel shall publish in the Federal Register guidelines regarding its policy and procedures for adjudicating appeals. (c) Presidential Authority Over Appeals Panel Determination.-- (1) Public disclosure or postponement of disclosure.--The President shall have the sole and nondelegable authority to review any determination of the Appeals Panel under this Act, and such review shall be based on the standards set forth in section 5. later than 30 days after the Appeals Panel's determination and notification to the agency pursuant to subsection (b)(4), the President shall provide the Appeals Panel with an unclassified written certification specifying the President's decision and stating the reasons for the decision, including in the case of a determination to postpone disclosure, the standards set forth in section 5 which are the basis for the President's determination. (2) Record of presidential postponement.--The Appeals Panel shall, upon receipt of the President's determination, publish in the Federal Register a copy of any unclassified written certification, statement, and other materials transmitted by or on behalf of the President with regard to the postponement of disclosure of a human rights record. SEC. 8. REPORT REGARDING OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS RECORDS. Upon completion of the review and disclosure of the human rights records relating to Guatemala and Honduras, the Information Security Policy Advisory Council, established pursuant to Executive Order No. 12958, shall report to Congress on the desirability and feasibility of declassification of human rights records relating to other countries. The report shall be available to the public. SEC. 9. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00836", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00029", "text": "Context. Detecting regular dips in the light curve of a star is an easy way to detect the presence of an orbiting planet. COROT is a Franco-European mission launched at the end of 2006, and one of its main objectives is to detect planetary systems using the transit method. Aims. In this paper, we present a new method for transit detection and determine the smallest detected planetary radius, assuming a parent star like the Sun. Methods. We simulated light curves with Poisson noise and stellar variability, for which data from the VIRGO/PMO6 instrument on board SoHO were used. Transits were simulated using the UTM software. Light curves were denoised by the mean of a low-pass and a high-pass filter. The detection of periodic transits works on light curves folded at several trial periods with the particularity that rebinning is performed after the folding. The best fit was obtain when all transits are overlayed, i.e when the data are folded at the right period. Results. Assuming a single data set lasting 150d, transits from a planet with a radius down to 2 Rearth can be detected. The efficiency depends on the transit duration or on the number of transits observed. Furthermore we simulated transits with periods close to 150d in data sets containing three observations of 150d, separated by regular gaps with the same length. Again, planets with a radius down to 2 Rearth can be detected. Conclusions. Within the given range of parameters, the detection efficiency depends slightly on the apparent magnitude of the star but on the transit duration or the number of transits. Furthermore, multiple observations might represent a solution for the COROT mission for detecting small planets when the orbital period is much longer than the duration of a single observation.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00373", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00030", "text": "Cochlea is an important auditory organ in the inner ear. In most mammals, it is coiled as a spiral. Whether this specific shape influences hearing is still an open problem. By employing a three dimensional fluid model of the cochlea with an idealized geometry, the influence of the spiral geometry of the cochlea is examined. We obtain solutions of the model through a conformal transformation in a long-wave approximation. Our results show that the net pressure acting on the basilar membrane is uniform along its spanwise direction. Also, it is shown that the location of the maximum of the spanwise pressure difference in the axial direction has a mode dependence. In the simplest pattern, the present result is consistent with the previous theory based on the WKB-like approximation [D. Manoussaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 088701(2006)]. In this mode, the pressure difference in the spanwise direction is a monotonic function of the distance from the apex and the normal velocity across the channel width is zero. Thus in the lowest order approximation, we can neglect the existance of the Reissner's membrane in the upper channel. However, higher responsive modes show different behavior and, thus, the real maximum is expected to be located exactly at the apex, but at a position determined by the spiral geometry of the cochlea and the width of the cochlear duct. In these modes, the spanwise normal velocities are zero. Thus, it indicates that one should take into account of the detailed geometry of the cochlear duct for a more quantitative result. The present result clearly demonstrates that only the spiral geometry, but also the geometry of the cochlear duct play decisive roles in distributing the wave energy.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00315", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00031", "text": "We present the results of photoionization modeling of nine weak MgII (W_r<0.3 Ang) quasar absorption line systems with redshifts 1.4{1/2}$. For another example, consider a 2 level GREM with exponential driving distribution at the first level and Gaussian in the second with equal weights at both the levels. Then even if the limiting ratio for the second level particles, $p_2$ is 0.00001 (very small), the system reduces to a Gaussian REM. On the other hand, if we consider a 2 level GREM with Gaussian driving distribution at the first level and exponential in the second, the system will reduce to a Gaussian REM. In either case, the system will reduce to that of an exponential REM. etc.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 352, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00208", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00069", "text": "We explore galaxy properties and their link with environment and clustering using a population of ~1000 galaxies formed in a high resolution hydrodynamic simulation of the Lambda CDM cosmology. At the redshift we concentrate on, z=1, the spatial resolution is 1.4 proper kpc/h and Milky-way sized disk galaxies contain ~10^5 particles within their virial radii. We include supermassive black hole accretion and feedback as well as a multiphase model for star formation. We find that a number of familiar qualitative relationships hold approximately between galaxy properties, for example, galaxies lie between two broad extremes of type, where ``late'' types tend to be smaller in size, have lower circular velocities, younger stars, higher star formation rates, larger disk to bulge ratios and lower Sersic indices than ``early types''. As in previous studies the stellar component of disk galaxies is as rotationally supported as in observations. Bulges contain too much of the stellar mass, although disks do have scale lengths compatible with observations. The addition of black hole physics to the simulations does appear to have an impact on the angular momentum results, or do we find that it is affected in an identical simulation with significantly lower mass resolution. Despite this, we can profitably use the rank order of either disk to total ratio, Sersic index, or galaxy age to separate galaxies into morphological classes and examine the density-morphology relation and morphology dependence of clustering. We find that while at redshift z=0, the well known preponderance of early types in dense environments is seen, at z=1 the density-morphology relation becomes flatter and late type galaxies are even seen to have a higher clustering amplitude than early types (abridged).", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00351", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00070", "text": "ERIN, Wis. (AP) — Dustin Johnson has been in complete control of his golf game during his rise to No. 1. But at home? Paulina Gretzky calls the shots, especially when it comes to naming their children. Johnson revealed Monday that their second child, another boy, was named River Jones Johnson. Asked where the name River came from, he said, \"Mama.\" The middle name was easy to explain. Jones is the maiden name of Gretzky's mother (Janet Jones), and the last name of Johnson's late grandmother (Carole Jones), his biggest influence during his teenage years. But back to River. What was Paulina thinking? \"I can think how she thinks, that's for sure,\" Johnson said. \"I do know where she got it. I tried to ask. She said, 'I do know, I just like the name.'\" They plan on calling him Riv, which is how several people refer to Riviera. That's where Johnson won big this year at the Genesis Open to reach No. 1 in the world and start his three-tournament winning streak. So maybe there's something to that. \"That was how she got started was from Riviera,\" Johnson said. \"But I did come up with that on my own.\" ___ WHAT WILL PHIL DO NEXT?: Bad news for Phil Mickelson with even being at Erin Hills: The forecast calls for a reasonable chance of storms for all but one day this week — Thursday, when he'll be in California for his daughter's high school graduation. Mickelson has yet to withdraw, saying he will need a four-hour delay in the first round of the U.S. Open to have any chance of flying to Wisconsin (more than three hours in the air) and getting to the first tee. He is to play at 2:20 p.m. in Wisconsin. Graduation is noon (Wisconsin time). At least his caddie, Jim \"Bones\" Mackay, made it to Erin Hills to scout the course on the rare chance of Mickelson making it to the U.S. Open. Mackay thinks Erin Hills is perfect for Mickelson, mainly because of wide fairways and the need for a great short game. \"He wants it, obviously, as badly as he wants anything else,\" Mackay told Fox Sports. \"So it would be a really cool thing if it worked out for him tomorrow", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00734", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00071", "text": "PG 1159-035, a pre-white dwarf with T_eff=140,000 K, is the prototype of both two classes: the PG1159 spectroscopic class and the DOV pulsating class. Previous studies of PG 1159-035 photometric data obtained with the Whole Earth Telescope (WET) showed a rich frequency spectrum allowing the identification of 122 pulsation modes. In this work, we used all available WET photometric data from 1983, 1985, 1989, 1993 and 2002 to identify the pulsation periods and identified 76 additional pulsation modes, increasing to 198 the number of known pulsation modes in PG 1159-035, the largest number of modes detected in any star besides the Sun. From the period spacing we estimated a mass M = 0.59 +/- 0.02 solar masses for PG 1159-035, with the uncertainty dominated by the models, the observation. Deviations in the regular period spacing suggest that some of the pulsation modes are trapped, even though the star is a pre-white dwarf and the gravitational settling is ongoing. The position of the transition zone that causes the mode trapping was calculated at r_c = 0.83 +/- 0.05 stellar radius. From the multiplet splitting, we calculated the rotational period P_rot = 1.3920 +/- 0.0008 days and an upper limit for the magnetic field, B < 2000 G. The total power of the pulsation modes at the stellar surface changed less than 30% for l=1 modes and less than 50% for l=2 modes. We find evidence of linear combinations between the 198 pulsation mode frequencies. PG 1159-035 models have significative convection zones, supporting the hypothesis that nonlinearity arises in the convection zones in cooler pulsating white dwarf stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 390, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00215", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00072", "text": "A 23-year-old, Russian-born violinist named Artem Kolesov is capturing international attention after posting a YouTube video in which he comes out as gay. The son of two Pentecostal pastors in a small town an hour away from Moscow, Kolesov says that he has struggled for most of his life to reconcile his sexual orientation with his Christian beliefs and his family's views. \"In my family,\" Kolesov says in his video, \"I often heard that all gays should be destroyed, that they should be bombed, and that if anyone in our family turns out to be gay, my family should kill them with their bare hands.\" In the video, Kolesov also recounts wrenching episodes from throughout his life. At age seven, he prayed that he would die before his mother found out that he liked boys. He also endured physical and sexual abuse from one of his brothers, who threatened to out him to his parents if Kolesov told anyone about the abuse, and later attempted suicide several times. Growing up, he says, \"I heard anything good about gay people. All I knew was that gays are the people who everyone should hate. I was scared because I knew that I was gay. I did know anyone who I could talk to about it. It seemed that I was the only gay person in Russia.\" The violinist made his video as part of the Russian \"Children-404\" project, which invites teenagers to share their stories and discuss LGBT issues in Russia. In most of their photos and videos, participants shield their identities by holding up a \"Children-404\" sign in front of their faces. Instead of creating an anonymous contribution, Kolesov chose to share his name and face, to let fellow LGBT youth in Russia feel less isolated. He recorded the video in Russian, but also provided English subtitles. \"We do come out for heterosexual people to know,\" he says in his video, which he published on March 29. \"We do come out for the ones who hate us to know. We shout and make as much noise as possible just so other people like us who are scared and can be themselves would know that they are a mistake and they are alone.\" Formerly based in Canada, Kolesov now lives in Chicago, where he is first violinist in the Yas Quartet, which is in residence at Roosevelt University's Chicago College of Performing Arts. Last summer, his ensemble took third", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00619", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00073", "text": "All the Trojan asteroids orbit about the Sun at roughly the same heliocentric distance as Jupiter. Differences in the observed visible reflection spectra range from neutral to red, with ultra-red objects found so far. Given that the Trojan asteroids are collisionally evolved, a certain degree of variability is expected. Additionally, cosmic radiation and sublimation are important factors in modifying icy surfaces even at those large heliocentric distances. We search for correlations between physical and dynamical properties, we explore relationships between the following four quantities; the normalised visible reflectivity indexes ($S'$), the absolute magnitudes, the observed albedos and the orbital stability of the Trojans. We present here visible spectroscopic spectra of 25 Trojans. This new data increase by a factor of about 5 the size of the sample of visible spectra of Jupiter Trojans on unstable orbits. The observations were carried out at the ESO-NTT telescope (3.5m) at La Silla, Chile, the ING-WHT (4.2m) and (2.5m) at Roque de los Muchachos observatory, La Palma, Spain. We have found a correlation between the size distribution and the orbital stability. The absolute-magnitude distribution of the Trojans in stable orbits is found to be bimodal, while the one of the unstable orbits is unimodal, with a slope similar to that of the small stable Trojans. This supports the hypothesis that the unstable objects are mainly byproducts of physical collisions. The values of $S'$ of both the stable and the unstable Trojans are uniformly distributed over a wide range, from $0 %/1000\\AA $ to about $15 %/1000\\AA$. The values for the stable Trojans tend to be slightly redder than the unstable ones, but significant statistical difference is found.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 384, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00288", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00074", "text": "It is widely accepted that the large obliquity of Uranus is the result of a great tangential collision (GC) with an Earth size proto-planet at the end of the accretion. We attempt to constraint the GC scenario as the cause of Uranus' obliquity as well as on the mechanisms able to give origin to the Uranian irregulars. Different capture mechanisms for irregulars operate at different stages on the giant planets formation process. The mechanisms able to capture the uranian irregulars before and after the GC are analysed. Assuming that they were captured before the GC, we calculate the orbital transfer of the nine irregulars by the impulse imparted by the GC. If their orbital transfer results dynamically implausible, they should have originated after the GC. We investigate and discuss the dissipative mechanisms able to operate later. In particular Prospero could exist at the time of the GC. Different capture mechanisms for Prospero after the GC are investigated. Gas drag by Uranus'envelope and pull-down capture are plausible mechanisms. Capture of Prospero through a collisionless interaction seems to be difficult. The GC itself provides a mechanism of permanent capture. However, the capture of Prospero by the GC is a low probable event. Catastrophic collisions could be a possible mechanism for the birth of Prospero and the other irregulars after the GC. Orbital and physical clusterings should then be expected. Either Prospero had to originate after the GC or the GC did occur. In the former case, the mechanism for the origin of Prospero after the GC remains an open question. In the latter case, another theory to account for Uranus' obliquity and the formation of the Uranian regular satellites on the equatorial plane of the planet would be needed.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00278", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00075", "text": "The origin of the Earth's ocean has been discussed on the basis of deuterium/hydrogen ratios (D/H) of several sources of water in the solar system. The average D/H of carbonaceous chondrites (CC's) is known to be close to the current D/H of the Earth's ocean, while those of comets and the solar nebula are larger by about a factor of two and smaller by about a factor of seven, respectively, than that of the Earth's ocean. Thus, the main source of the Earth's ocean has been thought to be CC's or adequate mixing of comets and the solar nebula. However, those conclusions are correct only if D/H of water on the Earth has remained unchanged for the past 4.5 Gyr. In this paper, we investigate evolution of D/H in the ocean in the case that the early Earth had a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, the existence of which is predicted by recent theories of planet formation matter whether the nebula remains or not. Then we show that D/H in the ocean increases by a factor of 2-9, which is caused by the mass fractionation during atmospheric hydrogen loss, followed by deuterium exchange between hydrogen gas and water vapor during ocean formation. This result suggests that the apparent similarity in D/H of water between CC's and the current Earth's ocean does necessarily support the CC's origin of water and that the apparent discrepancy in D/H is a good reason for excluding the nebular origin of water.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 305, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00159", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00076", "text": "The proposed training, which would have been provided by volunteers at cost to the state, would occur during orientation for legislators at the beginning of each session. The bill was prompted by the Dakota Access Pipeline protests, but several who testified in support of the training said better cultural understanding could have prevented some of the conflicts that arose during the protests. The Senate Government and Veterans Affairs Committee amended the bill to a legislative management study to consider the need for cultural competency training for legislators, other elected and appointed officials and state employees. Sen. Shawn Vedaa, R-Velva, a member of the committee, said Tuesday, Feb. 14, the bill was amended to a study because several committee members felt requiring the training \"was overstepping legislation.\" Sen. Dick Dever, R-Bismarck, spoke in favor of the bill as a way to repair relationships that have been strained during the pipeline protests. \"I think there have been damages done to the relationships between our general population and the population south of here through recent events,\" Dever said. The Senate voted to amend the bill to a study, but ultimately the bill failed in a 20-26 vote on Tuesday. Sen. Richard Marcellais, D-Belcourt, a member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa and one of the bill's sponsors, said he is disappointed with the vote. \"It's going to improve the communications or relations between the state and tribes,\" he said. Marcellais sponsored similar legislation in 2009 that also failed in the Senate with a similar vote.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 317, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00566", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00077", "text": "izer joins discussions in Paris on Thursday. The U.S. plan has raised the threat of retaliation from Europe and fears of a global trade war — a prospect that is already weighing on investor confidence and could hinder the global economic upturn. If the U.S. moves forward with its tariffs, the EU has threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs on U.S. orange juice, peanut butter and other goods in return. French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire pledged that the European response would be \"united and firm.\" Besides the U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs, the Trump administration is also investigating possible limits on foreign cars in the name of national security. \"Unilateral responses and threats over trade war will solve nothing of the serious imbalances in the world trade. Nothing,\" French President Emmanuel Macron said in an impassioned speech at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in Paris. In a clear reference to Trump, Macron added: \"These solutions might bring symbolic satisfaction in the short term.... One can think about making voters happy by saying, 'I have a victory, I'll change the rules, you'll see.'\" But Macron said those \"who waged bilateral trade wars... saw an increase in prices and an increase in unemployment.\" Tariffs on steel imports to the U.S. can help local producers of the metal by making foreign products more expensive. But they can also increase costs more broadly for U.S. manufacturers who can source all their steel locally and need to import the raw material. That hurts the companies and can lead to more expensive consumer prices, economists say. Ross criticized the EU for its tough negotiating position. \"There can be negotiations with or with tariffs in place. There are plenty of tariffs the EU has on us. It's that we can talk just because there's tariffs,\" he said. He noted that \"China has used that as an excuse to negotiate.\" But German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier insisted the Europeans were being \"constructive\" and were ready to negotiate special trade arrangements, notably for liquefied natural gas and industrial goods, including cars. Macron also proposed to start negotiations between the U.S., the EU, China and Japan to reshape the World Trade Organization to better regulate trade. Discussions could then be expanded to include other countries to agree on changes by the end of the year. Ross expressed concern that the Geneva-based World Trade Organization and other organizations are too rigid and slow to adapt to changes in global business. \"We would operate within (", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00760", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00078", "text": "I have undertaken a comprehensive statistical investigation of the ultracool dwarf companion distribution (spectral type M6 and later). Utilizing a Bayesian algorithm, I tested models of the companion distribution against data from an extensive set of space and ground-based imaging observations of nearby ultracool dwarfs. My main conclusions are fivefold: 1) Confirm that the concentration of high mass ratio ultracool binary systems is a fundamental feature of the companion distribution, an observational or selection bias; 2) Determine that the wide (>~20 AU) binary frequency can be more the 1-2%; 3) Show that the decreasing binary frequency with later spectral types is a real trend; 4) Demonstrate that a large population of currently undetected low mass ratio systems are consistent with the current data; 5) Find that the population of spectroscopic binaries must be be at least 30% that of currently known ultracool binaries. The best fit value for the overall M6 and later binary frequency is ~20%-22%, of which only ~6% consists of currently undetected companions with separations less than 1 AU. If this is correct, then the upper limit of the ultracool binary population discovered to date is ~75%. I find that the numerical simulation results of the ejection formation method are inconsistent with the outcome of this analysis. However, dynamics do seem to play an important role as simulations of small-N clusters and triple system decays produce results similar to those of this work. The observational efforts required to improve these constraints are shown to be primarily large spectroscopic binary surveys and improved high-resolution imaging techniques.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00109", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00079", "text": "report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the rules of evidence and procedure that are to apply to tribunals established under subsection (a). SEC. 4. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS. (a) In General.--The rules prescribed for a tribunal under section 3(c) shall be designed to ensure a full and fair hearing of the charges against the accused. The rules shall require the following: (1) That the tribunal be independent and impartial. (2) That the accused be notified of the particulars of the offense charged or alleged with delay. (3) That the proceedings be made simultaneously intelligible for participants conversant in the English language by translation or interpretation. (4) That the evidence supporting each alleged offense be given to the accused, except as provided in section 4(d) of this Act. (5) That the accused have the opportunity to be present at trial. (6) That the accused have a right to be represented by counsel. (7) That the accused have the opportunity-- (A) to respond to the evidence supporting each alleged offense; (B) to obtain exculpatory evidence from the prosecution; and (C) to present exculpatory evidence. (8) That the accused have the opportunity to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses and to offer witnesses. (9) That the proceeding and disposition be expeditious. (10) That the tribunal apply reasonable rules of evidence designed to ensure admission only of reliable information or material with probative value. (11) That the accused be afforded all necessary means of defense before and after the trial. (12) That conviction of an alleged offense be based only upon proof of individual responsibility for the offense. (13) That conviction of an alleged offense be based upon an act, offense, or omission that was an offense under law when it was committed. (14) That the penalty for an offense be greater than it was when the offense was committed. (15) That the accused-- (A) be presumed innocent until proven guilty, and (B) be found guilty except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt. (16) That the accused be compelled to confess guilt or testify against himself. (17) That, subject to subsections (c) and (d), the trial be open and public and include public availability of the transcripts of the trial and the pronouncement of judgment. (18) That", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01027", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00080", "text": "It is well known that an arbitrary graphical model of statistical inference defined on a tree, i.e. on a graph with loops, is solved exactly and efficiently by an iterative Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm convergent to unique minimum of the so-called Bethe free energy functional. For a general graphical model on a loopy graph the functional may show multiple minima, the iterative BP algorithm may converge to one of the minima or may converge at all, and the global minimum of the Bethe free energy functional is guaranteed to correspond to the optimal Maximum-Likelihood (ML) solution in the zero-temperature limit. However, there are exceptions to this general rule, discussed in \\cite{05KW} and \\cite{08BSS} in two different contexts, where zero-temperature version of the BP algorithm finds ML solution for special models on graphs with loops. These two models share a key feature: their ML solutions can be found by an efficient Linear Programming (LP) algorithm with a Totally-Uni-Modular (TUM) matrix of constraints. Generalizing the two models we consider a class of graphical models reducible in the zero temperature limit to LP with TUM constraints. Assuming that a gedanken algorithm, g-BP, funding the global minimum of the Bethe free energy is available we show that in the limit of zero temperature g-BP outputs the ML solution. Our consideration is based on equivalence established between gapless Linear Programming (LP) relaxation of the graphical model in the $T\\to 0$ limit and respective LP version of the Bethe-Free energy minimization.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00270", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00081", "text": "This review gives a rather general discussion of high temperature superconductors as an example of a strongly correlated material. The argument is made that in view of the many examples of unconventional superconductors discovered in the past twenty years, we should longer be surprised that superconductivity emerges as a highly competitive ground state in systems where Coulomb repulsion plays a dominant role. The physics of the cuprates is discussed, emphasizing the unusual pseudogap phase in the underdoped region. It is argued that the resonating valence bond (RVB) picture, as formulated using gauge theory with fermionic and bosonic matter fields, gives an adequate physical understanding, even though many details are beyond the powers of current calculational tools. The recent discovery of quantum oscillations in a high magnetic field is discussed in this context. Meanwhile, the problem of the quantum spin liquid (a spin system with antiferromagnetic coupling which refuses to order even at zero temperature) is a somewhat simpler version of the high $T_c$ problem where significant progress has been made recently. It is understood that the existence of matter fields can lead to de-confinement of the U(1) gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions, and novel new particles (called fractionalized particles), such as fermionic spinons which carry spin ${1\\over 2}$ and charge, and gapless gauge bosons can emerge to create a new critical state at low energies. We even have a couple of real materials where such a scenario may be realized experimentally. The article ends with answers to questions such as: what limits $T_c$ if pairing is driven by an electronic energy scale? why is the high $T_c$ problem hard? why is there consensus? and why is the high $T_c$ problem important?", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 363, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00137", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00082", "text": "An attempt is made to resolve the controversy related to the low temperature phase (ground state) of the low-doped ferromagnetic (FM)- insulator(I) manganite through bulk magnetic measurements on La${_{0.9}}$Sr$_{0.1}$MnO${_3}$ sample. It is shown that the FM phase, formed out of well defined transition in the low-doped system, becomes inhomogeneous with decrease in temperature. This inhomogeniety is considered to be an outcome of the formation of orbital domain state of e$_g$-electrons having hole rich (metallic) walls separating the hole deficient (insulating) regions. The resulting complexity brings in metastability and glassy behaviour within the FM phase at low temperature, however, with resemblance to spin glass, cluster glass or reentrant phases. It shows ageing effect with memory but magnetic relaxation shows signatures of inter-cluster interaction. The energy landscape picture of this glassy phase is described in terms of hierarchical model. Further, it is shown that this inhomogeneity disappear in La${_{0.9}}$Sr$_{0.1}$MnO$_{3.08}$ where, the orbital domain state is destroyed by self doping resulting in reduction of Mn$^{3+}$ and hence e$_g$-electrons. The ferromagnetic phase of the non-stoichiometric sample, does show glassy behaviour. It follows 'hierarchical model' or 'droplet model' generally used to explain glassy or inhomogeneous systems. Its magnetic response can be explained simply from the domain wall dynamics of otherwise homogeneous ferromagnet.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 338, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00106", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00083", "text": "SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 30, 2018--Today Thumbtack, the app that finds you local professionals for almost anything, releases its latest research on Millennial entrepreneurs. Thumbtack surveyed 4,000 small business owners between the ages of 18 and 35 across the U.S. and found Millennials are leaving traditional jobs and utilizing technology to start their own business, pursue professional passions and to find personal fulfillment. This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180530005433/en/ “Millennials are motivated by much more than financial success,” said Lucas Puente, Thumbtack’s Lead Economist, who conducted the survey. “This cohort finds being an entrepreneur financially rewarding, but they are most focused on being able to pursue their individual passion.” Highlights from the research: Increasingly, Millennials choose independent work and entrepreneurship over traditional 9-5 employment. 40 percent of Millennials plan on leaving their full-time employers to work as a freelancers within five years. (Only 23 percent of workers in Gen X and 13 percent of Baby Boomers say the same.) Millennials use technology to help grow their business, utilizing social media for marketing (84 percent) and platforms like YouTube to answer customer questions. Financial incentives are the main factor in starting a business for Millennials — three in five report starting a business to be more fulfilled, to make more money. This group is focused on work they are passionate about and quality of life in choosing how and when to work. Millennial entrepreneurs are tied down to a traditional office setting. Only 11 percent of Millennials report working from an office, while 27 percent work from home. Twenty-seven percent use public spaces like coffee shops or libraries and 11 percent use co-working spaces. And for those whose craft does require a desk at all? They reported working from dance studios, flower shops, tennis courts and swimming pools — teaching, coaching and making their products by hand. “Photography is my passion. I can do whatever I want in my own space and I’m the one ultimately deciding my destiny,” said Danielle Powell, a Thumbtack Pro photographer in Kansas City, Mo. “Having my own company is very liberating. The sky’s the limit. And being self-employed, you don’t experience age discrimination or workplace politics.” In terms of the best cities for Millennial entrepreneurs to", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00679", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00084", "text": "White dwarfs (WDs) with carbon absorption features in their optical spectra are known as DQ WDs. The subclass of peculiar DQ WDs are cool objects (T_eff<6000 K) which show molecular absorption bands that have centroid wavelengths ~100-300 Angstroms shortward of the bandheads of the C_2 Swan bands. These \"peculiar DQ bands\" have been attributed to a hydrocarbon such as C_2H. We point out that C_2H does show strong absorption bands with wavelengths matching those of the peculiar DQ bands and does any other simple molecule or ion likely to be present in a cool WD atmosphere. The most straightforward explanation for the peculiar DQ bands is that they are pressure-shifted Swan bands of C_2. While current models of WD atmospheres suggest that, in general, peculiar DQ WDs do have higher photospheric pressures than normal DQ WDs do, that finding requires confirmation by improved models of WD atmospheres and of the behavior of C_2 at high pressures and temperatures. If it is eventually shown that the peculiar DQ bands can be explained as pressure-shifted Swan bands, the only explanation remaining would seem to be that they arise from highly rotationally excited C_2 (J_peak>45). In either case, the absorption band profiles can in principle be used to constrain the pressure and the rotational temperature of C_2 in the line-forming regions of normal and peculiar DQ WD atmospheres, which will be useful for comparison with models. Finally, we note that progress in understanding magnetic DQ WDs may require models which simultaneously consider magnetic fields, high pressures and rotational excitation of C_2.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 345, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00306", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00085", "text": "Commission shall be made later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act. (c) Period of Appointment; Vacancies.--Members shall be appointed for the life of the Commission. Any vacancy in the Commission shall affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. (d) Initial Meeting.--later than 30 days after the date on which all members of the Commission have been appointed, the Commission shall hold its first meeting. (e) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson. (f) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may hold hearings. (g) Chairperson.--The President shall select a Chairperson for the Commission from among its members. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. (a) Study.-- (1) In general.--The Commission shall conduct a thorough study on reducing fatalities from child abuse and neglect. (2) Matters studied.--The matters studied by the Commission shall include-- (A) the incidence of fatalities from child abuse and neglect in the United States and whether that incidence has been increasing over time; (B) the feasibility of establishing a system that accurately records incidents of child abuse and neglect; (C) practices that can prevent fatalities from child abuse and neglect; (D) the role of parental substance abuse, parental mental health issues, and domestic violence in increasing the incidence of child abuse and neglect; (E) the adequacy and effectiveness of programs, including child health services, mental health services, child protective services, child welfare services, education, child care, juvenile justice services, and law enforcement activities, designed to identify and prevent child (includes youth) fatalities that are intentionally caused or that occur due to negligence, neglect, or a failure to exercise proper care; (F) the effectiveness of Federal, State, and local policies and systems aimed at appropriately identifying and collecting accurate, uniform data on child fatalities in a coordinated fashion, including the identification of the most and least effective policies and systems in practice; (G) the adequacy of Federal, State, and local efforts to obtain an appropriate distribution of properly trained child health services, mental health services, child protective services, child welfare services, education, child care, juvenile justice services, and law enforcement personnel to identify and prevent child fatalities; (H) the current (as of the date of the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00979", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00086", "text": "NEWPORT BEACH, Calif. (AP) — Three people were killed and two injured when a helicopter crashed into a house in a suburban Southern California neighborhood just a few minutes after taking off, officials said. The helicopter crashed into the house with such force that it was barely recognizable. The crushed metal sat in a heap on the side of the house, its tail rotor sticking out of the roof of a nearby home and a 6-foot chunk landing in the street in front of yet another house. \"All of a sudden the house just shook and I thought, 'Oh my gosh, we're having an earthquake,'\" said Marian Michaels, who lives behind the home in a gated community in Newport Beach where the helicopter crashed. Roger Johnson was doing some woodwork when he heard the chopping sound of a helicopter's rotating blades and then a tremendous boom across the street. \"I turned to look out of the garage and that's when I see this piece of metal flying through the air and hitting a bush and garage door,\" Johnson said. \"Then I heard someone scream — a real for-real horror scream, like something terrible had happened.\" Johnson rushed to the wreckage and cautioned people to stop trying to pull out or move victims. Four people were aboard the Robinson R44 helicopter when it went down. All four were among those killed or injured, and one person who was on the ground but outside of the house was also injured, Newport Beach fire and police officials said. They did say which was which, or give any specifics about the injuries. Audrey Ellis, who lives next to the house where the crash happened, was home at the time but said her neighbors told her they were in the kitchen when the helicopter hit the bedroom of their house. \"It's so scary,\" Ellis said, adding that her neighbors were hurt. \"I'm so thankful.\" The aircraft had taken off from John Wayne Airport, said Ian Gregor, a spokesman with the Federal Aviation Administration. The airport is about a mile (1.6 kilometers) from the crash site. The FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board are investigating the crash. Messages seeking comment from Revolution Aviation, which is based at the airport and operated the helicopter, were immediately returned. The company offers helicopter and airplane classes, the use of aircraft for photography and video production as well as sightseeing flights.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 470, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00683", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00087", "text": "We discuss Subaru and Spitzer Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy of M87 in the mid-infrared from 5-35 um. These observations allow us to investigate mid-IR emission mechanisms in the core of M87 and to establish that the flaring, variable jet component HST-1 is a major contributor to the mid-IR flux. The Spitzer data include a high signal-to-noise 15-35 $\\mu$m spectrum of the knot A/B complex in the jet, which is consistent with synchrotron emission. However, a synchrotron model can account for the observed {\\it nuclear} spectrum, even when contributions from the jet, necessary due to the degrading of resolution with wavelength, are included. The Spitzer data show a clear excess in the spectrum of the nucleus at wavelengths longer than 25 um, which we model as thermal emission from cool dust at a characteristic temperature of 55 \\pm 10 K, with an IR luminosity \\sim 10^{39} {\\rm ~erg ~s^{-1}}. Given Spitzer's few-arcsecond angular resolution, the dust seen in the nuclear spectrum could be located anywhere within ~5'' (390 pc) of the nucleus. In any case, the ratio of AGN thermal to bolometric luminosity indicates that M87 does contain the IR-bright torus that classical unified AGN schemes invoke. However, this result is consistent with theoretical predictions for low-luminosity AGNs", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00008", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00088", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Rail Safety Act of 1996''. SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply: (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration. (2) Passenger cab car.--The term ``passenger cab car'' means the leading cab car on a passenger train that does have a locomotive or safety locomotive at the front of the train. (3) Safety locomotive.--The term ``safety locomotive'' means a cab-car locomotive (whether operational or not) that is used at the front of a rail passenger train to promote passenger safety. (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Transportation. (5) Train employee.--The term ``train employee'' has the same meaning as in section 21101(5) of title 49, United States Code. SEC. 3. HOURS OF SERVICE. (a) In General.-- (1) Regulations.--later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall promulgate regulations concerning limitations on duty hours of train employees that contain-- (A) requirements concerning hours of work for train employees and interim periods available for rest that are less stringent than the applicable requirements under section 21103 of title 49, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of subsection (b); and (B) any other related requirements that the Secretary determines to be necessary to protect public safety. (2) Negotiated rulemaking.-- (A) In general.--In promulgating regulations under this subsection, the Secretary shall use negotiated rulemaking, unless the Secretary determines that the use of that process is appropriate. (B) Procedures for negotiated rulemaking.--If the Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) that negotiated rulemaking is appropriate, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall carry out the negotiated rulemaking in accordance with the procedures under subchapter III of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code. (b) Repeal.-- (1) In general.--Section 21103 of title 49, United States Code, is repealed. (2) Effective date.--This subsection shall take effect on the date on which the Secretary promulgates final regulations under subsection (a). SEC.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01128", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00089", "text": "submitted by Connecticut's 2 United States Senators; (F) 1 member shall be appointed after consideration of recommendations submitted by Connecticut's First Congressional District Representative; (G) 2 members shall have experience with national parks and historic preservation; (H) all appointments must have significant experience with and knowledge of the Coltsville Historic District; and (I) 1 member of the Commission must live in the Sheldon/Charter Oak neighborhood within the Coltsville Historic District. (2) Initial appointments.--The Secretary shall appoint the initial members of the Commission later than the earlier of-- (A) the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Secretary has received all of the recommendations for appointments under paragraph (1); or (B) the date that is 30 days after the park is established. (d) Term; Vacancies.-- (1) Term.-- (A) In general.--A member shall be appointed for a term of 3 years. (B) Reappointment.--A member may be reappointed for more than 1 additional term. (2) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment was made. (e) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of-- (1) the Chairperson; or (2) a majority of the members of the Commission. (f) Quorum.--A majority of the Commission shall constitute a quorum. (g) Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.-- (1) In general.--The Commission shall select a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson from among the members of the Commission. (2) Vice chairperson.--The Vice Chairperson shall serve as Chairperson in the absence of the Chairperson. (3) Term.--A member may serve as Chairperson or Vice Chairperson for more than 1 year in each office. (h) Commission Personnel Matters.-- (1) Compensation of members.-- (A) In general.--Members of the Commission shall serve with compensation. (B) Travel expenses.--Members of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for an employee of an agency under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from the home or regular place of business of the member in the performance of the duty of the Commission. (2) Staff.-- (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide the Commission", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00932", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00090", "text": "way in which Pakistan was created and the very purpose which it was supposed to serve of being a Muslim state,\" he says. \"By its very definition, it has already singled out a community in opposition to another one,\" he says, referring to Muslims and Hindus. \"And it's very easy for that community to be to be narrowed further.\" Over the decades, he argues, the narrowing has been exacerbated by the military, Pakistan's most powerful institution, which cultivated hard-line Islamists to wage a jihad in the disputed region of Kashmir, among other things. This has given right-wing religious groups outsize influence. \"Despite having won an election,\" Rehman says, \"they are nonetheless able to dictate the narrative in the country because of the support that they have from the military establishment.\" Perhaps none have suffered more than members of a small Muslim sect, known as Ahmadis, whose beliefs clash with the dominant Sunni version of Islam. They played a key role in founding Pakistan. They are a community of over-achievers: An Ahmadi physicist, Abdus Salam, received one of only two Nobel prizes awarded to Pakistanis. But the state declared Ahmadis as heretics via a constitutional amendment in the 1970s and restricted their rights further in the 1980s. They're allowed to call themselves Muslims, and can refer to their houses of worship as mosques. Over the years, militants have attacked their mosques and targeted them in killings. In a leafy suburb near Lahore, the Khans live in a two-story home behind a high gate that's firmly bolted. Mrs. Khan stands on the balcony every morning, waiting for her husband to return from prayers at their local mosque. She's terrified that somebody will kill him. \"We are frightened,\" she says. \"For the life.\" (Her first name is being published out of concern for the family's safety.) Most of her family already fled overseas. So far, Mrs. Khan insists on staying. She runs a clinic that dispenses free medicine to her poorer neighbors. \"If I go, the people will suffer,\" she says. She does want to \"just sit and eat\" in exile. \"This is the meaning of life.\" She's also worried about her nephew. Twice, somebody threw a note into his house warning him to convert to Sunni Islam — or die. He hides out here when he's afraid. He repeatedly tried to flee Pakistan – but", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00626", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00091", "text": "(Abridged) To define a framework for the formation and evolution of the cooling cores in X-ray galaxy clusters, we study how the physical properties change as function of the cosmic time in the inner regions of a 4 keV and 8 keV galaxy cluster under the action of radiative cooling and gravity only. The cooling radius, R_cool, defined as the radius at which the cooling time equals the Universe age at given redshift, evolves from ~0.01 R200 at z>2, where the structures begin their evolution, to ~0.05 R200 at z=0. The values measured at 0.01 R200 show an increase of about 15-20 per cent per Gyr in the gas density and surface brightness and a decrease with a mean rate of 10 per cent per Gyr in the gas temperature. The emission-weighted temperature diminishes by about 25 per cent and the bolometric X-ray luminosity rises by a factor ~2 after 10 Gyrs when all the cluster emission is considered in the computation. On the contrary, when the core region within 0.15 R500 is excluded, the gas temperature value does change and the X-ray luminosity varies by 10-20 per cent only. The cooling time and gas entropy radial profiles are well represented by power-law functions. The behaviour of the inner slopes of the gas temperature and density profiles are the most sensitive and unambiguous tracers of an evolving cooling core. Their values after 10 Gyrs of radiative losses, T_gas ~ r^0.4 and n_gas ~ r^(-1.2) for the hot (cool) object, are remarkably in agreement with the observational constraints available for nearby X-ray luminous cooling core clusters. Because our simulations do consider any AGN heating, they imply that the feedback process does greatly alter the gas density and temperature profiles as generated by radiative cooling alone.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 391, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00309", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00092", "text": "NEW YORK (AP) — Worried about catching a cold or the flu on an airplane? Get a window seat, and do leave it until the flight is over. That's what some experts have been saying for years, and it's perhaps the best advice coming out of a new attempt to determine the risks of catching germs on an airplane. It turns out there's been little research on the risks of catching a cold or flu during air travel. Some experts believed that sitting in a window seat would keep a passenger away from infectious people who may be on the aisle or moving around. The new study, published Monday, came to the same conclusion. For somebody who does want to get sick, \"get in that window seat and do move,\" the study's lead researcher, Vicki Stover Hertzberg of Emory University in Atlanta. The study was ambitious: Squads of researchers jetted around the globe to test cabin surfaces and air for viruses and to observe how people came into contact with each other. But it also had shortcomings. In a total of 10 flights, they observed only one person coughing. And though the experiment was done during a flu season five years ago, they did find even one of 18 cold and flu viruses they tested for. It's possible that the researchers were unlucky, in that they were on planes that happened to have sick people on them, Hertzberg said. The new study was initiated and funded by Boeing Co. The Chicago-based jet manufacturer also recruited one of the researchers, Georgia Tech's Howard Weiss, and had input in the writing of the results. \"But there was particular pressure to change stuff or orient it one way or the other,\" Hertzberg said. The article was published electronically by a peer-reviewed scientific journal, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The researchers did some mathematical modeling and computer simulations to determine how likely people were to come close to a hypothetical infectious passenger sitting in an aisle seat on the 14th row of a single-aisle airplane. They concluded that on average, only one person on a flight of about 150 passengers would be infected. Researchers who were involved said it would be difficult to use the relatively small study to make any general conclusions about the risks of an airline passenger getting a cold or flu, let alone other diseases like measles or tuberculosis. But it's a novel study about a subject that has been well researched, they said. Studies", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 492, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00720", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00093", "text": "pane. Enter the appropriate Tags (Figure F). Click Save. Figure F Enter your Tags. Now when you run the same search, Tags: plant sale, File Explorer returns the first two files and the.jpg, as shown in Figure G. Figure G This time, the search found three tagged files. Using File Explorer, you can sort and group a folder's contents using Tags. Simply click the View tab and choose Tags from the Sort By or Group By dropdown. Or right-click the background and choose Tags from the Sort By or Group By options. In addition, you can filter for Tags. As Figure H shows, you can filter for specific Tags if you're using the Details view. This is great when you know all your files are in the same folder. Figure H You can also filter by Tags. Using File Explorer, you can add Tags to several files at the same time. Hold down the Ctrl key while selecting files to create a multi-file selection. Then, add Tags as you normally would. If you add a file to the selection that does allow tagging, the Tags control will be accessible for any of the files, so be careful. Only as good... Tags, or keywords, are only as good as the people adding them. If you work alone, this is easy. If you're trying to corral files for an organization, it's much harder. Everyone may be on the same page, so searches will be incomplete at best. That might be one reason they're more popular. Even using File Explorer, you can add Tags to every file type. For instance, you can tag a.txt file. In addition, you can use any of the properties via the Details pane in the same way. For instance, for Content status, you might enter Incomplete and Complete. To search, you'd use the string Contentstatus: Complete. You can also use wildcards. To see all tagged files, you'd enter Tags: -[]. That means that where Tags is null. As you can see, there's a lot to explore! Get more great Office tips and tricks delivered to your inbox. Sign up for TechRepublic's Microsoft Weekly newsletter. Subscribe Send me your question about Office I answer readers' questions when I can, but there's guarantee. do send files unless requested; initial requests for help that arrive with attached files will be deleted unread. You can send screenshots of your data to help clarify your question", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 489, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00556", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00094", "text": ". Women that plan their pregnancies are more likely to access prenatal care, improving their own health and the health of their children. (14) Between 2006 and 2010, one-third of all pregnancies were conceived within 18 months of a previous birth, an interval that is potentially harmful to the health of the mother. (15) Improved access to family planning also saves money. For every $1.00 invested in family planning, taxpayers save nearly $4.00 in Medicaid-related expenses. (16) During the 2011-2012 flu season, 53 percent of pregnant women did receive recommended vaccination against influenza. SEC. 3. WOMEN'S PREVENTIVE HEALTH AWARENESS CAMPAIGN. Part P of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 280g et al.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: ``SEC. 399V-6. WOMEN'S PREVENTIVE HEALTH AWARENESS CAMPAIGN. ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall provide for the planning and implementation of a national public outreach and education campaign to raise public awareness, including provider awareness, of women's preventive health. Such campaign shall include the media campaign under subsection (b) and the website under subsection (c) and shall provide for the dissemination of information that-- ``(1) describes the guidelines for women's preventive services, including the cervical cancer recommendations updated in 2012, by the United States Preventive Services Task Force, by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and by the American Cancer Society, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and the American Society for Clinical Pathology; ``(2) promotes well-woman visits for health assessments which include screenings, evaluations, counseling, immunizations, and prenatal visits, as appropriate; ``(3) explains the women's preventive services that are required under section 2713 to be covered with cost-sharing by a group health plan or a health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage that is a grandfathered plan (as defined in section 1251(e) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act); and ``(4) addresses health disparities in the area of women's prevention. ``(b) Media Campaign.-- ``(1) In general.--later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this section, as part of the campaign under subsection (a", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00990", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00095", "text": "(B) all draft conveyances and closing documents have been received and approved; (C) a current title commitment verifying compliance with applicable title standards has been issued to the Secretary; and (D) the title includes both the surface and subsurface estates with reservation or exception (except as specifically provided in this Act), including-- (i) minerals, mineral rights, and mineral interests (including severed oil and gas surface rights), subject to and excepting other outstanding or reserved oil and gas rights; (ii) timber, timber rights, and timber interests (except those reserved subject to section 251.14 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, by BSL and agreed to by the Secretary); (iii) water, water rights, ditch, and ditch rights; (iv) geothermal rights; and (v) any other interest in the property. (2) Conveyance of title.-- (A) In general.--If the quality of title does meet Federal standards or is otherwise determined to be unacceptable to the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary shall advise BSL regarding corrective actions necessary to make an affirmative determination under paragraph (1). (B) Title to subsurface estate.--Title to the subsurface estate shall be conveyed by BSL to the Secretary in the same form and content as that estate is received by BSL from Burlington Resources Oil & Gas Company Inc. and Glacier Park Company. (f) Timing of Implementation.-- (1) Land-for-land exchange.--The Secretary shall accept the conveyance of land described in subsection (a) later than 45 days after the Secretary has made an affirmative determination of quality of title. (2) Land-for-timber sale receipt exchange.--As provided in subsection (c) and the Option Agreement, the Secretary shall make timber receipts described in subsection (a)(3) available later than December 31 of the fifth full calendar year that begins after the date of enactment of this Act. (3) Purchase.--The Secretary shall complete the purchase of BSL land under subsection (a)(3)(B) later than 30 days after the date on which appropriated funds are made available and an affirmative determination of quality of title is made with respect to the BSL land. SEC. 5. OTHER FACILITATED EXCHANGES. (a) Authorized Exchanges.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into the following land exchanges if the landowners are willing: (A) W", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00852", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00096", "text": "Motivation: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) has recently become a popular tool to identify DNA copy number variations along the genome. These profiles are starting to be used as markers to improve prognosis or diagnosis of cancer, which implies that methods for automated supervised classification of arrayCGH data are needed. Like gene expression profiles, arrayCGH profiles are characterized by a large number of variables usually measured on a limited number of samples. However, arrayCGH profiles have a particular structure of correlations between variables, due to the spatial organization of BACs along the genome. This suggests that classical classification methods, often based on the selection of a small number of discriminative features, may be the most accurate methods and may produce easily interpretable prediction rules. Results: We propose a new method for supervised classification of arrayCGH data. The method is a variant of support vector machine (SVM) that incorporates the biological specificities of DNA copy number variations along the genome as prior knowledge. The resulting classifier is a sparse linear classifier based on a limited number of regions automatically selected on the chromosomes, leading to easy interpretation and identification of discriminative regions of the genome. We test this method on three classification problems for bladder and uveal cancer, involving both diagnosis and prognosis. We demonstrate that the introduction of the new prior on the classifier leads only to more accurate predictions, but also to the identification of known and new regions of interest in the genome. Availability: All data and algorithms are publicly available.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 301, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00291", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00097", "text": "An $acyclic$ edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that there are bichromatic cycles. The \\emph{acyclic chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number k such that there is an acyclic edge coloring using k colors and is denoted by $a'(G)$. It was conjectured by Alon, Sudakov and Zaks (and earlier by Fiamcik) that $a'(G)\\le \\Delta+2$, where $\\Delta =\\Delta(G)$ denotes the maximum degree of the graph. Alon et.al also raised the question whether the complete graphs of even order are the only regular graphs which require $\\Delta+2$ colors to be acyclically edge colored. In this paper, using a simple counting argument we observe only that this is true, but infact all d-regular graphs with $2n$ vertices and $d > n$, requires at least $d+2$ colors. We also show that $a'(K_{n,n}) \\ge n+2$, when $n$ is odd using a more non-trivial argument(Here $K_{n,n}$ denotes the complete bipartite graph with $n$ vertices on each side). This lower bound for $K_{n,n}$ can be shown to be tight for some families of complete bipartite graphs and for small values of $n$. We also infer that for every $d,n$ such that $d \\ge 5$, $n \\ge 2d + 3$ and $dn$ even, there exist $d$-regular graphs which require at least $d+2$-colors to be acyclically edge colored.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 352, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00378", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00098", "text": "We have gathered optical photometry data from the literature on a large sample of Swift-era gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows including GRBs up to September 2009, for a total of 76 GRBs, and present an additional three pre-Swift GRBs included in an earlier sample. Furthermore, we publish 840 additional new photometry data points on a total of 42 GRB afterglows, including large data sets for GRBs 050319, 050408, 050802, 050820A, 050922C, 060418, 080413A and 080810. We analyzed the light curves of all GRBs in the sample and derived spectral energy distributions for the sample with the best data quality, allowing us to estimate the host galaxy extinction. We transformed the afterglow light curves into an extinction-corrected z=1 system and compared their luminosities with a sample of pre-Swift afterglows. The results of a former study, which showed that GRB afterglows clustered and exhibited a bimodal distribution in luminosity space, is weakened by the larger sample. We found that the luminosity distribution of the two afterglow samples (Swift-era and pre-Swift) are very similar, and that a subsample for which we were able to estimate the extinction, which is fainter than the main sample, can be explained by assuming a moderate amount of line-of-sight host extinction. We derived bolometric isotropic energies for all GRBs in our sample, and found only a tentative correlation between the prompt energy release and the optical afterglow luminosity at one day after the GRB in the z=1 system. A comparative study of the optical luminosities of GRB afterglows with echelle spectra (which show a high number of foreground absorbing systems) and those with reveals indication that the former are statistically significantly more luminous. (abridged)", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 399, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00250", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00099", "text": "Archivist shall make all such information publicly accessible and searchable by means of the Internet and by any other means the Archivist deems appropriate.''. (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 21 of title 44, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: ``2119. Holocaust Insurance Registry.''. SEC. 4. FULL DISCLOSURE OF HOLOCAUST-ERA POLICIES BY INSURERS. (a) Requirement.--An insurer shall cause to be filed with the Secretary of Commerce in accordance with subsection (b) the following information: (1) The first name, last name, date of birth, and domicile of the policyholder of each covered policy issued by the insurer or a related company of the insurer. (2) The name of the entity that issued the covered policy. (3) The name of the entity that is responsible for the liabilities of the entity that issued the covered policy. (b) Proper Filing.--A filing under subsection (a) shall be made later than the earlier of 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act or January 31, 2002, in an electronic format approved jointly by the Archivist of the United States and the Secretary of Commerce. SEC. 5. PROVISION OF INFORMATION TO ARCHIVIST. The Secretary of Commerce shall provide to the Archivist of the United States any information filed with the Secretary under section 4(a) promptly after the filing of such information. SEC. 6. PENALTY. The Secretary of Commerce shall assess a civil penalty of less than $5,000 for each day that an insurer fails to comply with the requirements of section 4, as determined by the Secretary. SEC. 7. USE OF AMOUNTS RECEIVED AS CIVIL PENALTIES. To the extent or in the amounts provided in advance in appropriation Acts, the Archivist of the United States may use amounts received by the Government as civil penalties under section 6 to maintain the Holocaust Insurance Registry. SEC. 8. NOTIFICATION. (a) Initial Notification.--later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and periodically afterward, the Secretary of Commerce shall notify each State's commissioner of insurance of the identity of each insurer that has failed to comply with the requirements of section 4 or has satisfied any civil penalty for which the insurer is liable", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00847", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00100", "text": "If $V$ is an equidimensional codimension $c$ subscheme of an $n$-dimensional projective space, and $V$ is linked to $V'$ by a complete intersection $X$, then we say that $V$ is {\\em minimally linked} to $V'$ if $X$ is a codimension $c$ complete intersection of smallest degree containing $V$. Gaeta showed that if $V$ is any arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) subscheme of codimension two then there is a finite sequence of minimal links beginning with $V$ and arriving at a complete intersection. We extend this work in the following ways: 1) In the codimension 2 non-ACM case, we show that for any $n \\geq 3$ there are examples of subschemes that are minimal in their even liaison class, and can be minimally linked in any number of steps to a minimal subscheme. 2) Nevertheless, there are examples of non-ACM liaison classes of curves in projective 3-space where all elements are minimally linked in a finite number of steps to a minimal curve. 3) Extending previous work of the authors with Huneke and Ulrich (about the licci case), we show that also in the non-ACM case in any higher codimension there are non-minimal subschemes that are minimally linked to a minimal subscheme in the even liaison class. 4) J. Watanabe had shown many years ago that codimension 3 graded Gorenstein ideals of any dimension are licci. Here we show that any such ideal is minimally linked in a finite number of steps to a complete intersection, and that it admits a sequence of strictly decreasing CI-biliaisons down to a complete intersection, extending work of Hartshorne, Sabadini and Schlesinger.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00357", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00101", "text": "this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall affect any valid existing right in and to the expanded submerged land. (b) Submerged Land.--Submerged land within the seaward boundaries of a State (as extended by the amendments made by this Act) shall be-- (1) subject to Federal oil and gas mineral rights to the extent provided by law; (2) considered to be part of the Federal outer Continental Shelf for purposes of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.); and (3) subject to-- (A) leasing under the authority of that Act; (B) the distribution of revenues under section 8(g)(2) of that Act (43 U.S.C. 1337(g)(2)); and (C) any other laws applicable to the leasing of the oil and gas resources of the Federal outer Continental Shelf, including the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 (43 U.S.C. 1331 note; Public Law 109-432). (c) Existing Leases.-- (1) In general.--The amendments made by this Act shall affect any Federal oil and gas lease in effect on the date of conveyance under section 4. (2) Divided leases.--If the conveyance under section 4 results in a division of a Federal oil and gas lease that is in existence on the date of conveyance, the conveyance of the portion of the expanded submerged land that is covered by the lease shall take effect until the date that is 1 day after the date that the lease expires or terminates. (d) Future Interests.--This section shall apply to any interest in the expanded submerged land that is granted by the State after the date on which the land is conveyed to the State under section 4. (e) Taxation.-- (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), a State may exercise all of the sovereign powers of taxation of the State within the entire extent of the seaward boundaries of the State (as extended by the amendments made by this Act). (2) Limitation.--Nothing in this subsection affects the authority of a State to tax any Federal oil and gas lease in effect on the date of enactment of this Act. SEC. 6. FISHERY MANAGEMENT RIGHTS. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Commerce shall grant to each State exclusive fishery management authority over reef fish in the Gulf", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00956", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00102", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Faster Care for Veterans Act of 2016''. SEC. 2. PILOT PROGRAM ESTABLISHING A PATIENT SELF-SCHEDULING APPOINTMENT SYSTEM. (a) Pilot Program.--later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall commence a pilot program under which veterans use an Internet website or mobile application to schedule and confirm medical appointments at medical facilities of the Department of Veterans Affairs. (b) Selection of Locations.--The Secretary shall select less than three Veterans Integrated Services Networks in which to carry out the pilot program under subsection (a). (c) Contracts.-- (1) Authority.--The Secretary shall seek to enter into a contract using competitive procedures with one or more contractors to provide the scheduling capability described in subsection (a). (2) Notice of competition.--later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a request for proposals for the contract described in paragraph (1). Such request shall be full and open to any contractor that has an existing commercially available, off-the-shelf online patient self- scheduling system that includes the capabilities specified in section 3(a). (3) Selection.--later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall award a contract to one or more contractors pursuant to the request for proposals under paragraph (2). (d) Duration of Pilot Program.-- (1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), the Secretary shall carry out the pilot program under subsection (a) for an 18-month period. (2) Extension.--The Secretary may extend the duration of the pilot program under subsection (a), and may expand the selection of Veterans Integrated Services Networks under subsection (b), if the Secretary determines that the pilot program is reducing the wait times of veterans seeking medical care and ensuring that more available appointment times are filled. (e) Mobile Application Defined.--In this section, the term ``mobile application'' means a software program that runs on the operating system of a cellular telephone, tablet computer, or similar portable computing device that transmits data over a wireless connection. SEC. 3. CAPABILITIES OF PATIENT SELF-SCHEDULING APPOINTMENT SYSTEM. (a) Minimum Capabilities.--The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall ensure that the patient self-scheduling appointment system used in the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01088", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00103", "text": "long, random key space, the attackers will have their work cut out for them. If the attackers gain access to the data sitting on the disk, they may be able to copy it, take it off your network, and even attack it directly, but they'll still be at an impasse if they can crack the encryption. And if the attackers can crack the encryption, your data will remain unreadable, and subsequently, of little to real use or value. Additional resources Is FileVault 2 available to all macOS users? Users running OS X 10.7 (Lion) or later, all the way through the current version of macOS 10.13 (High Sierra), may enable and fully utilize the full-disk encryption capabilities of FileVault 2 on their desktop or laptop Mac computers. By default, the feature is disabled; however, it only takes accessing the System Preferences and clicking the Turn On FileVault 2 button to enable the feature and encrypt your whole disk. Encryption may be enabled by the user or managed by the administrators for company-owned devices. Administrators have set policies via Profile Manager and/or scripts that will enable FileVault 2 during deployment and implement institutional recovery keys that the company manages in order to recover encrypted data per device, if needed. SEE: Essential reading for IT leaders: 10 books on cybersecurity (free PDF) (TechRepublic) Once FileVault 2 is enabled, only the user with administrative privileges that enabled FileVault 2 with their account may decrypt the drive's contents. Additionally, a master recovery key is created during the initial process; users with either of those keys may be the only ones to decrypt the volume and read the contents of the drive. Additional resources What are the pros and cons to using FileVault 2? The pros to using FileVault 2 It's a native Apple solution that is designed by Apple for Apple computers. FileVault 2 supports legacy hardware, even for devices that are longer officially supported by Apple. Deployment of FileVault 2 may be locally or centrally managed by users or the IT department. Whole-disk encryption works to safeguard all data stored on disk now and in the future. Backup of encrypted data works seamlessly with Time Machine to create automated backup sets. Disks encrypted with FileVault 2 must first be unlocked by user accounts that are \"unlocked enabled\"; these are typically accounts with administrative privilege, preventing non-admin accounts from accessing the disk's contents, regardless of the ACL", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00518", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00104", "text": "of such members to their employers; (B) how effective such measures have been; and (C) whether there are additional measures that could be taken to promote positive working relations between members of the Guard or Reserve and their employers, including any steps that could be taken to ensure that employers are timely notified of a call to active duty. (c) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this section, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means-- (1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Small Business of the House of Representatives. SEC. 5. LOANS. (a) Guard and Reserve Loans.-- (1) In general.--Section 7(b)(3) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(b)(3)) is amended-- (A) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``$1,500,000'' each place such term appears and inserting ``$2,000,000''; and (B) by adding at the end the following: ``(G) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a loan greater than $25,000 may be made under this paragraph with collateral.''. (2) Loan information.-- (A) In general.--The Administrator and the Secretary shall develop a joint website and printed materials providing information regarding any program for small business concerns that is available to veterans or Members of the Guard or Reserve. (B) Marketing.--The Administrator is authorized-- (i) to advertise and promote the program under section 7(b)(3) of the Small Business Act jointly with the Secretary and veterans' service organizations; and (ii) to advertise and promote participation by lenders in such program jointly with trade associations for banks or other lending institutions. (b) Study.-- (1) In general.--The Administrator and the Secretary shall jointly conduct a study of the feasibility of increasing the utilization of credit unions affiliated with the Department of Defense in programs administered by the Administrator. (2) Report.--later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator and the Secretary shall submit a joint report to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship of the Senate and the Committee on Small Business of the House of Representatives regarding the study conducted under paragraph (1). SEC. 6. INCREASED FUNDING FOR THE OFFICE OF VETERANS BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01050", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00105", "text": "opens the spectrum up a lot.\" Many companies require a bachelor's degree for every position, even administrative ones, Hennigan said. \"You should really break it down into what tasks have to be performed in order to achieve success, and then let the best candidate win based on their skills and abilities rather than on their credentials,\" she added. For positions such as programmers, it's easy to set up an online test that allows you to objectively judge whether or they have the abilities to complete the job. \"A recruiter longer has to pick up the phone for the initial screen, when a recruiting tool can provide the candidate with a set of questions that will help qualify them or disqualify them, and it can do so based on their actual abilities rather than their credentials,\" Hennigan said. Budgeting for training to catch nontraditional employees up to speed will also allow you to make faster hires, and eventually make your company more competitive, Angove said. \"We're finding companies that are fortunate enough to have that budget to provide training or certification are loosening up some of the specific technical requirements and ramping the people up,\" he added. Building a mentor program is also a successful and cost-effective way to help new employees learn more tech skills, Angove said. Identifying skills, degrees Candidates build skills in many ways, all of which should be taken into consideration, said Kelli Jordan, IBM's talent leader for New Collar Initiatives. \"They can build it in a four-year degree program. They can build it in a computer science program at a community college, or in a boot camp,\" she said. \"What we like to focus on is that application of the skill, and a lot of that does come out in the interview process.\" IBM performs skills assessments for job candidates, regardless of their background. For example, when interviewing for a software development role, interviewers give candidates a coding exercise, examine their GitHub repository, and talk to them about the code they wrote. SEE: How CXOs can develop a diverse workforce (Tech Pro Research) The interview process for all job candidates includes behavioral questions about what a candidate has done previously, such as \"Tell me about a situation where you had to evaluate competing priorities.\" It also includes situational questions, which tend to work well for candidates with minimal experience, Jordan said. These are questions such as, \"Walk me through how you might handle an upset client.\" \"That's going to help you", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00550", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00106", "text": "We study numerically finite-size corrections in scaling relations for roughness distributions of various interface growth models. The most common relation, which considers the average roughness $$ as scaling factor, is obeyed in the steady states of a group of ballistic-like models in 2+1 dimensions, even when very large system sizes are considered. On the other hand, good collapse of the same data is obtained with a scaling relation that involves the root mean square fluctuation of the roughness, which can be explained by finite-size effects on second moments of the scaling functions. We also obtain data collapse with an alternative scaling relation that accounts for the effect of the intrinsic width, which is a constant correction term previously proposed for the scaling of $$. This illustrates how finite-size corrections can be obtained from roughness distributions scaling. However, we discard the usual interpretation that the intrinsic width is a consequence of high surface steps by analyzing data of restricted solid-on-solid models with various maximal height differences between neighboring columns. We also observe that large finite-size corrections in the roughness distributions are usually accompanied by huge corrections in height distributions and average local slopes, as well as in estimates of scaling exponents. The molecular-beam epitaxy model of Das Sarma and Tamborenea in 1+1 dimensions is a case example in which none of the proposed scaling relations works properly, while the other measured quantities do converge to the expected asymptotic values. Thus, although roughness distributions are clearly better than other quantities to determine the universality class of a growing system, it is the final solution for this task.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00075", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00107", "text": "The expansion of the Universe is accelerated as testified by observations of SNeIa at varying redshifts. Explanations of this acceleration are of two kinds: modifications of Einstein gravity or new forms of energy. An example of modified gravity is the braneworld Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model, an example of dark energy is Chaplygin gas. Both are characterized by a cross-over length scale $r_c$ which marks the transition between physics occurring on our four-dimensional brane, and in a five-dimensional bulk space. Assuming that the scales $r_c$ in the two models are the same, we study Chaplygin gas dark energy in flat DGP geometries. The self-accelerating branch does give a viable model, it causes too much acceleration. We derive the Hubble function and the luminosity distance for the self-decelerating branch, and then fit a compilation of 192 SNeIa magnitudes and redshifts in the space of the three parameters of the model. Our model with the self-decelerating branch fits the supernova data as successfully as does the $\\Lambda CDM$ model, and with only one additional parameter. In contrast to the $\\Lambda CDM$ model, this model needs fine-tuning, and it can explain the coincidence problem. It is unique in the sense that it can be reduced to a cosmological constant model in any other limit of the parameter space than in the distant future. If later tests with other cosmological data are successful, we have here a first indication that we live in a five-dimensional braneworld.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00102", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00108", "text": "An order written by presiding Ramsey County District Judge William Leary addresses everything from what people may wear to what time they may arrive and leave the court proceedings in the case pending against Jeronimo Yanez. Anyone who arrives at the courtroom after a hearing starts, for example, will be ordered to leave, the order says. And one will be allowed to walk out of a hearing until the judge calls for a recess. Another rule restricts wearing any clothes or buttons or carrying signs that in any way \"refer to or call attention to (the case), the defendant, parties or witnesses,\" the order says. Spectators who can find a seat in the courtroom will be asked to leave, and congregating will be allowed in the hallway outside it. Further, \"blocking of or loitering in walkways, doorways, staircases, or near elevator access... in any part of the (St. Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse),\" during proceedings will be prohibited. Enhanced regulations also will be enforced on cellphone use and other recording devices. The unusually strict set of rules was issued in the name of providing a \"fair and open process that recognizes the responsibility of the state, the rights of the Defendant and the public interest,\" the order states. Leary did immediately respond Tuesday to a request for further explanation, or did Ramsey County Chief Judge John Guthmann. Yanez was charged in November with one count of second-degree manslaughter and two felony counts of dangerous discharge of a firearm for firing several bullets into Castile's car during a routine traffic stop this past July, killing the 32-year-old black man. Yanez has said through his attorneys that he shot out of fear for his life after Castile reached for the gun he was carrying in his pocket, despite Yanez's commands what he was to move. Prosecutors say that Yanez recklessly shot Castile, a licensed gun owner, after Castile handed over his insurance card and \"calmly and in a nonthreatening manner\" told the four-year police officer he was carrying a firearm, according to the criminal complaint filed against Yanez. When first announcing the decision to file charges in the case, Ramsey County Attorney John Choi said it was the state's belief that Castile \" removed or tried to remove his handgun,\" at any point during the incident. The shooting drew national attention and stirred protests around the Twin Cities and the country about accusations of", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00576", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00109", "text": "Sanders', along with 23 other Democrats. The U.S. drug industry has strongly opposed efforts to open the borders to drug imports, but the PhRMA lobbying group is mentioned in the nonprofit partnership's recent advertising blitz against the proposed legislation. The nonprofit says its grass-roots effort is supported by 170 members, including professional organizations and trade groups. The nonprofit describes PhRMA as a dues-paying member with larger role in shaping the group's activities. Partnership spokeswoman Clare Krusing would say how much each member contributes. PhRMA spokeswoman Allyson Funk declined to say whether PhRMA funds the partnership. \"PhRMA engages with stakeholders across the health care system to hear their perspectives and priorities,\" Funk said. \"We work with many organizations with which we have both agreements and disagreements on public policy issues, and believe engagement and dialogue are critical.\" Campaigning Against Drug Imports The partnership recently launched its ad campaign, warning against the alleged dangers of legalizing Canadian drug imports. It includes television commercials, promoted search results on Google and a full-page print ad in The Washington Post and The Hill. The group's YouTube page shows recent commercials targeted to viewers in 13 states. \"We do disclose specific ad figures, but the campaign is in the high six figures,\" Safdar said. The commercials ask voters to urge their senators to \"oppose dangerous drug importation legislation.\" The newspaper ad reads, \"Keep the nation's prescription drug supply safe. Urge the Senate to reject drug importation measures.\" Its headline declares that \"170 healthcare advocacy groups oppose drug importation,\" noting a letter to Congress signed by its members. The ad lists 160 members who signed the letter, and PhRMA's name is included. \"Having a big membership allows the coalition to present what looks like a unified show of grass-roots support... but it does raise questions about which members of the coalition are really driving and funding the group's policy-making,\" said Matthew McCoy, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pennsylvania who studies patient advocacy groups. The list of groups includes at least 64 trade organizations representing the biomedical industry, professional associations representing pharmacists, a private research company and two insurance companies. One group that signed the letter, the \"Citrus Council, National Kidney Foundation of Florida Inc.,\" represents a single volunteer, according to an email from the group. A spokesman for the National Kidney Foundation of Florida said the volunteer's views contradict the position", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00636", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00110", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Preserving Access to Affordable Drugs Act of 2004''. SEC. 2. ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT OF EMPLOYER PLANS. (a) Elimination of True Out-of-Pocket Limitation.--Section 1860D- 2(b)(4)(C) of the Social Security Act, as added by section 101(a) of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-173), is amended to read as follows: ``(C) Application.--In applying subparagraph (A), incurred costs shall only include costs incurred with respect to covered part D drugs for the annual deductible described in paragraph (1), for cost-sharing described in paragraph (2), and for amounts for which benefits are provided because of the application of the initial coverage limit described in paragraph (3).''. (b) Equalization of Subsidies.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall provide for such increase in the special subsidy payment amounts under section 1860D-22(a)(3) of the Social Security Act, as added by section 101(a) of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-173), as may be appropriate to provide for payments in the aggregate equivalent to the payments that would have been made under section 1860D-15 of such Act if the individuals were enrolled in a qualified retiree prescription drug plan. In making such computation, the Secretary shall take into account the application of the amendments made by section 1202 of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. SEC. 3. DIRECT SUBSIDY FOR CERTAIN STATE PHARMACEUTICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Part D of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (as so added) is amended by inserting after section 1860D-23 the following: ``direct subsidies for certain state pharmaceutical assistance programs ``Sec. 1860D-23A. (a) Direct Subsidy.-- ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the payment to a State offering a State pharmaceutical assistance program described in section 1860D-23(b)(1) for each individual who is eligible for, but enrolled in, a prescription drug plan or", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01091", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00111", "text": "We consider the problem of coloring the vertices of a large sparse random graph with a given number of colors so that adjacent vertices have the same color. Using the cavity method, we present a detailed and systematic analytical study of the space of proper colorings (solutions). We show that for a fixed number of colors and as the average vertex degree (number of constraints) increases, the set of solutions undergoes several phase transitions similar to those observed in the mean field theory of glasses. First, at the clustering transition, the entropically dominant part of the phase space decomposes into an exponential number of pure states so that beyond this transition a uniform sampling of solutions becomes hard. Afterward, the space of solutions condenses over a finite number of the largest states and consequently the total entropy of solutions becomes smaller than the annealed one. Another transition takes place when in all the entropically dominant states a finite fraction of nodes freezes so that each of these nodes is allowed a single color in all the solutions inside the state. Eventually, above the coloring threshold, more solutions are available. We compute all the critical connectivities for Erdos-Renyi and regular random graphs and determine their asymptotic values for large number of colors. Finally, we discuss the algorithmic consequences of our findings. We argue that the onset of computational hardness is associated with the clustering transition and we suggest instead that the freezing transition might be the relevant phenomenon. We also discuss the performance of a simple local Walk-COL algorithm and of the belief propagation algorithm in the light of our results.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00009", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00112", "text": "We present a detailed analysis of the intergalactic metal-line absorption systems in the archival HST/STIS and FUSE ultraviolet spectra of the low-redshift quasar PKS1302-102 (z_QSO = 0.2784). We supplement the archive data with CLOUDY ionization models and a survey of galaxies in the quasar field. There are 15 strong Lya absorbers with column densities logN_HI > 14. Of these, six are associated with at least CIII 977 absorption (logN(C^++) > 13); this implies a redshift density dN_CIII/dz = 36+13/-9 (68% confidence limits) for the five detections with rest equivalent width W_r > 50 mA. Two systems show OVI 1031,1037 absorption in addition to CIII (logN(O^+5) > 14). One is a partial Lyman limit system (logN_HI = 17) with associated CIII, OVI, and SiIII 1206 absorption. There are three tentative OVI systems that do have CIII detected. For one OVI doublet with both lines detected at 3 sigma with W_r > 50 mA, dN_OVI/dz = 7+9/-4. We also search for OVI doublets with Lya absorption but identify none. From CLOUDY modeling, these metal-line systems have metallicities spanning the range -4 < [M/H] < -0.3. The two OVI systems with associated CIII absorption can be single-phase, collisionally-ionized media based on the relative abundances of the metals and kinematic arguments. From the galaxy survey, we discover that the absorption systems are in a diverse set of galactic environments. Each metal-line system has at least one galaxy within 500 km/s and 600 h^-1 kpc with L > 0.1 L_*.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 401, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00074", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00113", "text": "BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) — Inbee Park's 12th U.S. Women's Open already stands out for a gloomy reason: the rain-soaked course at Shoal Creek. The picturesque course in suburban Birmingham had been drenched by nearly five inches of rain this week as of Wednesday afternoon, with the effects of Subtropical Storm Alberto adding onto earlier rains. \"This is probably the wettest conditions I have ever seen in a U.S. Women's Open,\" said Park, a Korean who won in 2008 and 2013. \"We just do know what's going to happen. \"Coming into the U.S. Women's Open, I always try to play the ball with the mud or try to play with like a wet ground condition because we've played lift, clean and place. We just play from wherever it is and however the condition is.\" Practice rounds were canceled Tuesday and the course closed, other than some late-afternoon trips to the driving range. More rain followed overnight and into Wednesday on the eve of the major championship, when the course finally reopened by early afternoon in time for some of the 156 players to get in practice. The field will be cut to the low 60 scorers and ties after two rounds. John Bodenhamer, USGA's senior managing director, said officials did plan to use lift, clean and place for the first time in one of the organization's championships. \"It remains our intention to play 72 holes and play the ball as it lies,\" Bodenhamer said Wednesday. The LPGA Tour's Kingsmill Championship two weeks ago was shortened to 54 holes because of rain. The field, which includes 10 past Open champions, arrived in Alabama hoping to avoid a similar fate. Pernilla Lindberg won the year's first major at the ANA Inspiration, the 11th consecutive women's major with a different winner. The LPGA Tour has had a multiple winner through 13 tournaments this season. Korean Sung Hyun Park won last year at Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, by two strokes over amateur Hye-Jin Choi. Some players, including Inbee Park, Karrie Webb and No. 3-ranked Lexi Thompson, got a full 18 holes in Monday. Thompson said some parts of fairways were \"a little muddy and a little patchy.\" After that experience, she was hoping to play", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00769", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00114", "text": "JERUSALEM (AP) — Israeli leaders angrily criticized pending legislation in Poland that would outlaw blaming Poles for the crimes of the Holocaust, with some accusing the Polish government of outright denial Saturday as the world marked International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called the proposed law \"baseless\" and ordered his country's ambassador to Poland to meet with Polish leaders to express his strong opposition. \"One can change history, and the Holocaust can be denied,\" he said. The lower house of the Polish parliament on Friday passed the bill, which prescribes prison time for using phrases such as \"Polish death camps\" to refer to the killing sites Nazi Germany operated in occupied Poland during World War II. Many Poles fear such phrasing makes some people incorrectly conclude that Poles had a role in running the camps. But critics say the legislation could have a chilling effect on debating history, harming freedom of expression and opening a window to Holocaust denial. The bill still needs approval from Poland's Senate and president. However, it marks a dramatic step by the country's current nationalist government to target anyone who tries to undermine its official stance that Poles only were heroes during the war, Nazi collaborators who committed heinous crimes. Netanyahu's government generally has had good relations with Poland, which has been recently voting with Israel in international organizations. At Auschwitz on Saturday evening, Israel's ambassador to Poland, Anna Azari, abandoned a prepared speech to criticize the bill, saying that \"everyone in Israel was revolted at this news.\" In Israel, which was established three years after the Holocaust and is home to the world's largest community of survivors, the legislation provoked outrage. Israeli President Reuven Rivlin, noting that exactly 73 years had passed since the Auschwitz death camp on Polish soil was liberated, cited the words of a former Polish president about how history could be faked and the truth could be hidden. \"The Jewish people, the State of Israel, and the entire world must ensure that the Holocaust is recognized for its horrors and atrocities,\" Rivlin said. \"Also among the Polish people, there were those who aided the Nazis in their crimes. Every crime, every offense, must be condemned. They must be examined and revealed.\" Today's Poles have been raised on stories of their people's wartime suffering and heroism. Many react viscerally when confronted with the growing body of scholarship about Polish involvement in the killing of Jews. In a sign of the sensitivities on", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00828", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00115", "text": "For a finite triangulation of the plane with faces properly coloured white and black, let A be the abelian group constructed by labelling the vertices with commuting indeterminates and adding relations which say that the labels around each white triangle add to the identity. We show that A has free rank exactly two. Let A* be the torsion subgroup of A, and B* the corresponding group for the black triangles. We show that A* and B* have the same order, and conjecture that they are isomorphic. For each spherical latin trade W, we show there is a unique disjoint mate B such that (W,B) is a connected and separated bitrade. The bitrade (W,B) is associated with a two-colourable planar triangulation and we show that W can be embedded in A*, thereby proving a conjecture due to Cavenagh and Drapal. The proof involves constructing a (0,1) presentation matrix whose permanent and determinant agree up to sign. The Smith Normal Form of this matrix determines A*, so there is an efficient algorithm to construct the embedding. Contrasting with the spherical case, for each genus g>0 we construct a latin trade which is embeddable in any group and another that is embeddable in a cyclic group. We construct a sequence of spherical latin trades which can be embedded in any family of abelian groups whose torsion ranks are bounded. Also, we show that any trade that can be embedded in a finitely generated abelian group can be embedded in a finite abelian group. As a corollary, trade can be embedded in a free abelian group.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00468", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00116", "text": "We show that one can find two nonisomorphic curves over a field K that become isomorphic to one another over two finite extensions of K whose degrees over K are coprime to one another. More specifically, let K_0 be an arbitrary prime field and let r and s be integers greater than 1 that are coprime to one another. We show that one can find a finite extension K of K_0, a degree-r extension L of K, a degree-s extension M of K, and two curves C and D over K such that C and D become isomorphic to one another over L and over M, but over any proper subextensions of L/K or M/K. We show that such C and D can have genus 0, and that if K is finite, C and D can have genus 1 if and only if {r,s} = {2,3} and K is an odd-degree extension of F_3. On the other hand, when {r,s}={2,3} we show that genus-2 examples occur in every characteristic other than 3. Our detailed analysis of the case {r,s} = {2,3} shows that over every finite field K there exist nonisomorphic curves C and D that become isomorphic to one another over the quadratic and cubic extensions of K. Most of our proofs rely on Galois cohomology. with using Galois cohomology, we show that two nonisomorphic genus-0 curves over an arbitrary field remain nonisomorphic over every odd-degree extension of the base field.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 323, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00307", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00117", "text": "Agencies, Lucknow Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav, facing a ‘political coup” by his son and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav, has rushed to Delhi to meet the Election Commission (EC) for derailing the efforts of Akhilesh to get the cycle election symbol. Mulayam Singh Yadav, accompanied by his younger brother Shivpal Yadav and friend Amar Singh, have reached Delhi to meet Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) Nasim Zaidi at 1400 hrs. Before leaving for New Delhi, Mulayam ruled out his health woes. “You see, I am fit” The SP chief further claimed that the party’s election symbol was his signature, hence there is question of anyone getting it by holding an illegal meeting and toppling. “I have made this party with strong dedication and hard work, but now some people are trying to throw me out. “Media ne hamesha mera sath diya hai, maine koi bhrashtachar ya galat kaam nahi kiya. Ilzaam laga bhi toh SC ne mujhe bari kiya hai (Media has always supported me. I have done any corruption or wrong thing. Once an allegation was made against me, but the Supreme Court had given me a clean chit),” he said. Earlier, Mulayam had also cancelled his proposed national convention here on January 5, after his son and UP CM put all spanners to give permission to hold any meeting at the government venue. The meeting was slated to be held at the Janeshwar Mishra Park, where a meeting was held yesterday to declare Akhilesh as the party’s national president, removing Mulayam. Shivpal Singh Yadav, who was ousted by Akhilesh as the state party chief, today informed the media that the January 5 meet has been cancelled. However, he did give any concrete reason for the cancellation. The January 5 was called after Akhilesh was declared the SP’s national president, in place of Mulayam. There were also reports that the state government had refused to give permission to hold a meeting at the Janeshwar Mishra Park. It seems that the rift is still bridged as last night, even after Mulayam complained of high blood pressure, Akhilesh who stays at the adjoining bungalow", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00660", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00118", "text": "171 of title 28, United States Code (commonly known as the ``Federal Tort Claims Act''), shall apply to an eligible organization or individual carrying out a privately requested good Samaritan search-and-recovery mission under this section; and (D) chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the ``Federal Employees Compensation Act''), shall apply to an eligible organization or individual conducting a good Samaritan search-and- recovery mission under this section, and the conduct of the good Samaritan search-and-recovery mission shall constitute civilian employment. (c) Release of Federal Government From Liability.--The Secretary shall require an eligible organization or individual to have liability insurance as a condition of accessing Federal land under this section, if the eligible organization or individual-- (1) acknowledges and consents, in writing, to the provisions described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of subsection (b)(2); and (2) signs a waiver releasing the Federal Government from all liability relating to the access granted under this section. (d) Approval and Denial of Requests.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary shall notify an eligible organization or individual of the approval or denial of a request by the eligible organization or individual to carry out a good Samaritan search-and-recovery mission under this section by later than 48 hours after the request is made. (2) Denials.--If the Secretary denies a request from an eligible organization or individual to carry out a good Samaritan search-and-recovery mission under this section, the Secretary shall notify the eligible organization or individual of-- (A) the reason for the denial of the request; and (B) any actions that the eligible organization or individual can take to meet the requirements for the request to be approved. (e) Partnerships.--Each Secretary shall develop search-and- recovery-focused partnerships with search-and-recovery organizations-- (1) to coordinate good Samaritan search-and-recovery missions on Federal land under the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary; and (2) to expedite and accelerate good Samaritan search-and- recovery mission efforts for missing individuals on Federal land under the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary. (f) Report.--later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretaries shall submit to Congress a joint report describing-- (1) plans to develop partnerships described in subsection (e)(1); and (2) efforts carried out to exped", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00993", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00119", "text": "In the currently accepted models of the nonlinear optics, the nonlinear radiation was treated as the result of an infinitesimally thin polarization sheet layer, and a three layer model was generally employed. The direct consequence of this approach is that an apriori dielectric constant, which still does have a clear definition, has to be assigned to this polarization layer. Because the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and the Sum-Frequency Generation vibrational Spectroscopy (SFG-VS) have been proven as the sensitive probes for interfaces with the submonolayer coverage, the treatment based on the more realistic discrete induced dipole model needs to be developed. Here we show that following the molecular optics theory approach the SHG, as well as the SFG-VS, radiation from the monolayer or submonolayer at an interface can be rigorously treated as the radiation from an induced dipole lattice at the interface. In this approach, the introduction of the polarization sheet is longer necessary. Therefore, the ambiguity of the unaccounted dielectric constant of the polarization layer is longer an issue. Moreover, the anisotropic two dimensional microscopic local field factors can be explicitly expressed with the linear polarizability tensors of the interfacial molecules. Based on the planewise dipole sum rule in the molecular monolayer, crucial experimental tests of this microscopic treatment with SHG and SFG-VS are discussed. Many puzzles in the literature of surface SHG and SFG spectroscopy studies can also be understood or resolved in this framework. This new treatment may provide a solid basis for the quantitative analysis in the surface SHG and SFG studies.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00134", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00120", "text": "The globular clusters (GC) of our Galaxy have been found to lie close to a plane in the log(R_e), log(sigma), SB_e space, on the continuation of the Fundamental Plane (FP) known to characterize the properties of early-type galaxies. We reexamine the issue on a sample of 48 GCs selected in terms of homogeneity criteria for the photometric data available from the literature and perform a model-independent analysis of surface brightness profiles (SBP) and distance moduli, estimating error bars and studying selection effects with non-parametric statistical tests. We determine the coefficients of the FP and their error bars. The scatter from the FP relation is likely to be intrinsic, i.e. due to measurement errors only. We find that in the standard FP coordinates our sample occupies a slim, axisymmetric region of parameter space, suggesting that the scaling relation might be around a Fundamental Line, rather than a plane, confirming a result noted earlier. This is likely to be the origin of the difficulties in the fit by a plane mentioned in previous investigations. Such FL relation would imply a pure photometric scaling law, which might be tested on wider samples and on extra-galactic GC systems. We find a correlation of the residuals from the FP relation with the central slope of the SBP. other correlations are found. Finally, we reconstruct the distribution of the values of the quantity log(K_V/(M/L)) (virial coefficient divided by the mass-to-light ratio) through kernel density estimation and find evidence for bimodality, which suggests that the galactic GC system may be composed of at least two dynamically different populations. Yet, these populations do reflect the standard dichotomy between disk and halo clusters. (abridged).", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00405", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00121", "text": "section any property as follows: ``(1) Weapons, weapon parts, and weapon components, including camouflage and deception equipment, and optical sights. ``(2) Weapon system specific vehicular accessories. ``(3) Demolition materials. ``(4) Explosive ordinance. ``(5) Night vision equipment. ``(6) Tactical clothing, including uniform clothing and footwear items, special purpose clothing items, and specialized flight clothing and accessories. ``(7) Drones. ``(8) Combat, assault, and tactical vehicles, including Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles. ``(9) Training aids and devices. ``(e) Approval by Law Required for Transfer of Property Previously Transferrable.--(1) In the event the Secretary of Defense proposes to make available for transfer under this section any property of the Department of Defense previously made available for transfer under this section, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report setting forth the following: ``(A) A description of the property proposed to be made available for transfer. ``(B) A description of the conditions, if any, to be imposed on use of the property after transfer. ``(C) A certification that transfer of the property would violate a provision of this section or any other provision of law. ``(2) The Secretary may transfer any property covered by a report under this subsection unless authorized by a law enacted by Congress after the date of the receipt of the report by Congress. ``(f) Annual Certification Accounting for Transferred Property.-- (1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress each year a certification in writing that each recipient to which the Secretary has transferred property under this section during the preceding fiscal year-- ``(A) has provided to the Secretary documentation accounting for all property the Secretary has previously transferred to such recipient under this section; and ``(B) has complied with paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (b) with respect to the property so transferred during such fiscal year. ``(2) If the Secretary can provide a certification under paragraph (1) for a recipient, the Secretary may transfer additional property to such recipient under this section, effective as of the date on which the Secretary would otherwise make the certification under this subsection, and such recipient shall be suspended or terminated from further receipt of property under this section. ``(g) Conditions for Extension of Program.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for any", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00907", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00122", "text": "In an effort to probe the globular cluster (GC) system of an isolated elliptical galaxy, a comprehensive analysis of the NGC 821 GC system was performed. New imaging from the WIYN Mini-Mosaic imager, supplemented with Hubbl e Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 images reveals a GC system similar to those found in counterpart ellipticals located in high-density environments. To put these results into the context of galaxy formation, a robustly-determined census of GC systems is presented and analysed for galaxies spanning a wide range of masses (> M_star), morphologies and environments. Results from this meta-study: (1) confirm previous findings that the number of GCs normalized by host galaxy stellar mass increases with host stellar mass. Spiral galaxies in the sample show smaller relative GC numbers than those of massive ellipticals, suggesting the GC systems of massive ellipticals were formed from major spiral-spiral mergers; (2) indicate that GC system numbers per unit galaxy baryon mass increases with host baryon mass and that GC formation efficiency may be universal as previously thought; (3) suggest previously reported trends with environment may be incorrect due to sample bias or the use of galaxy stellar masses to normalize GC numbers. Thus claims for environmentally dependent GC formation efficiencies should be revisited; (4) in combination with weak-lensing halo mass estimates, suggest that GCs formed in direct proportion to the halo mass; (5) are consistent with theoretical predictions whereby the local epoch of re-ionization did vary significantly with environment or host galaxy type.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00244", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00123", "text": "receipt of a certification under subsection (a)(1), if the Senate has adjourned or recessed for more than 2 days, the majority leader of the Senate, after consultation with the minority leader of the Senate, shall notify the Members of the Senate that, pursuant to this section, the Senate shall convene later than the second calendar day after receipt of such message. ``(2) Placement on calendar.--Upon introduction in the Senate, a joint resolution shall be immediately placed on the calendar. ``(3) Floor consideration.-- ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order at any time during the period beginning on the day after the date on which Congress receives a certification under subsection (a)(1) and ending on the sixth day after the date of introduction of a joint resolution (even though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the joint resolution, and all points of order against the joint resolution (and against consideration of the joint resolution) are waived. The motion to proceed is debatable. The motion is subject to a motion to postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall be in order. If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the resolution is agreed to, the joint resolution shall remain the unfinished business until disposed of. ``(B) Consideration.--Consideration of the joint resolution, and on all debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited to more than 10 hours, which shall be divided equally between the majority and minority leaders or their designees. A motion further to limit debate is in order and debatable. An amendment to, or a motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the joint resolution is in order. ``(C) Vote on passage.--If the Senate has voted to proceed to a joint resolution, the vote on passage of the joint resolution shall occur immediately following the conclusion of consideration of the joint resolution, and a single quorum call at the conclusion of the debate if requested in accordance with the rules of the Senate. ``(D) Rulings of the chair on procedure.--Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules of the Senate, as the case may be, to the procedure relating to a joint resolution shall be", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01146", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00124", "text": "the city manager that the petition for sanctuary status is \"legally impermissible.\" \"It demands that the council break state law. If the petition were adopted, a court could fine the city for breaking the law, and the attorney general could seek forfeiture of state-shared revenue,\" Holm wrote. Stanton last week blasted the Trump administration over the deportation of 35-year-old Guadalupe Garcia de Rayos, a Phoenix-area woman who until now had been granted leniency by Obama policies that aimed to protect immigrants with violent pasts and who have ties to the community. Garcia de Rayos was arrested in Phoenix during a routine check-in with U.S. Immigration Customs Enforcement and was deported the next day to Nogales, Mexico. \"Rather than tracking down violent criminals and drug dealers, ICE is spending its energy deporting a woman with two American children who has lived here for more than two decades and poses a threat to nobody,\" Stanton wrote on Twitter. Stanton denounced Garcia de Rayos' deportation, but immigration activists called on him to use his power and just his voice. \"If there was ever a time when we need your courage and we need you to stand up and we need you to put actions behind saying that Phoenix PD is gonna become a mass deportation machine, it's now,\" said Francisca Porchas, of Puente Arizona, an immigrant rights group. \"This is when we need Mayor Stanton, the city council, the state, everybody who is of conscience to stand up and defy this racist law.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 307, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00733", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00125", "text": ".--Each of the 50 designs required under this subsection for quarter dollars shall be-- ``(i) selected by the Secretary after consultation with-- ``(I) the Governor of the State being commemorated, or such other State officials or group as the State may designate for such purpose; and ``(II) the Commission of Fine Arts; and ``(ii) reviewed by the Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee. ``(B) Selection and approval process.--Designs for quarter dollars may be submitted in accordance with the design selection and approval process developed by the Secretary in the sole discretion of the Secretary. ``(C) Participation.--The Secretary may include participation by State officials, artists from the States, engravers of the United States Mint, and members of the general public. ``(D) Standards.--Because it is important that the Nation's coinage and currency bear dignified designs of which the citizens of the United States can be proud, the Secretary shall select any frivolous or inappropriate design for any quarter dollar minted under this subsection. ``(E) Prohibition on certain representations.--head and shoulders portrait or bust of any person, living or dead, and portrait of a living person may be included in the design of any quarter dollar under this subsection. ``(5) Treatment as numismatic items.--For purposes of sections 5134 and 5136, all coins minted under this subsection shall be considered to be numismatic items. ``(6) Numismatic items.-- ``(A) Quality of coins.--The Secretary may mint and issue such number of quarter dollars of each design selected under paragraph (4) in uncirculated and proof qualities as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. ``(B) Silver coins.--Notwithstanding subsection (b), the Secretary may mint and issue such number of quarter dollars of each design selected under paragraph (4) as the Secretary determines to be appropriate with a content of 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. ``(C) Sources of bullion.--The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting coins under subparagraph (B) from available resources, including stockpiles established under the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act. ``(7) Application in event of the admission of additional states.--If any additional State is admitted into the Union before the end of the 10-year period referred to in paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Treasury may issue quarter dollar coins, in accordance with this subsection, with a design which is emblematic of such State during any", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00960", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00126", "text": "in paragraph (1); or (B) in violation of the agreement under paragraph (2). (d) Use of Facilities by Secretary.--The Secretary may-- (1) subject to the availability of funding, enter into an agreement to occupy facilities constructed by the University on property made available under this section; and (2) participate with the University in collaborative research at, or administered through, such facilities. (e) Conveyance of Title.--This section shall be construed to convey or authorize conveyance of any interest of the United States in title to property made available under this section. SEC. 202. CONVEYANCE OF NOAA VESSEL WHITING. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Commerce shall convey to the Government of Mexico, with consideration, all right, title, and interest of the United States in and to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration vessel WHITING-- (1) for use as a hydrographic survey platform in support of activities of the United States-Mexico Charting Advisors Committee; and (2) to enhance coordination and cooperation between the United States and Mexico regarding hydrographic surveying and nautical charting activities in the border waters of both countries in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Pacific Ocean. (b) Operation and Maintenance.--The Government of the United States shall be responsible or liable for any remediation, maintenance, or operation of a vessel conveyed under this section after the date of the delivery of the vessel to the Government of Mexico. (c) Deadline.--The Secretary shall seek to complete the conveyance by as soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act. (d) Delivery of Vessel.--The Secretary shall deliver the vessel WHITING pursuant to this section at the vessel's homeport location of Norfolk, Virginia, at additional cost to the United States. Speaker of the House of Representatives. Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 393, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01134", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00127", "text": "The collisionally pumped, ground-state 1720 MHz maser line of OH is widely recognized as a tracer for shocked regions and observed in star forming regions and supernova remnants. Whereas some lines of excited states of OH have been detected and studied in star forming regions, the subject of excited-state OH in supernova remnants -- where high collision rates are to be expected -- is only recently being addressed. Modeling of collisional excitation of OH demonstrates that 1720, 4765 and 6049 MHz masers can occur under similar conditions in regions of shocked gas. In particular, the 6049 and 4765 MHz masers become more significant at increased OH column densities where the 1720 MHz masers begin to be quenched. In supernova remnants, the detection of excited-state OH line maser emission could therefore serve as a probe of regions of higher column densities. Using the Very Large Array, we searched for excited-state OH in the 4.7, 7.8, 8.2 and 23.8 GHz lines in four well studied supernova remnants with strong 1720 MHz maser emission (SgrAEast, W28, W44 and IC443). detections were made, at typical detection limits of around 10 mJy/beam. The search for the 6 GHz lines were done using Effelsberg since the VLA receivers did cover those frequencies, and are reported on in an accompanying letter (Fish, Sjouwerman & Pihlstrom 2007). We also cross-correlated the positions of known supernova remnants with the positions of 1612 MHz maser emission obtained from blind surveys. probable associations were found, perhaps except in the SgrAEast region. The lack of detections of excited-state OH indicates that the OH column densities suffice for 1720 MHz inversion but for inversion of excited-state transitions, consistent with the expected results for C-type shocks.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 394, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00267", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00128", "text": ".S.C. 1440-1). (e) Adjustment of Status.--Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (c) of section 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1255), an alien physically present in the United States who is the beneficiary of a petition under paragraph (1), (2)(B), or (3)(B) of subsection (a), paragraph (1)(B) or (2) of subsection (c), or subsection (d)(1) of this section, may apply to the Secretary of Homeland Security for adjustment of status to that of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence. (f) Waiver of Certain Grounds of Inadmissibility.--In determining the admissibility of any alien accorded an immigration benefit under this section, the grounds for inadmissibility specified in paragraphs (4), (6), (7), and (9) of section 212(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)) shall apply. (g) Inapplicability of Prohibition on Benefits to Survivors.-- Section 329A(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1440- 1) shall apply to the benefits granted under this Act to relatives of a person granted posthumous citizenship by reason of service in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps (including reserve components), or in the Coast Guard or Coast Guard Reserve, in a combat zone designated in connection with Operation Iraqi Freedom. (h) Naturalization of Survivors.--Any person who is the surviving spouse, child, or parent of a United States citizen, whose citizen spouse, parent, or child dies during a period of honorable service in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps (including reserve components), or in the Coast Guard or Coast Guard Reserve, in a combat zone designated in connection with Operation Iraqi Freedom, and who, in the case of a surviving spouse, was living in marital union with the citizen spouse at the time of death, may be naturalized upon compliance with all the requirements of title III of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.) except that prior residence or specified physical presence within the United States, or within a State or a district of the Service in the United States shall be required. SEC. 4. PRIORITY FOR", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01049", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00129", "text": "According to software rating and review site Capterra, there are over 600 project management solutions. However, all PM software will work in every industry, company, or project size and type. Here are three steps to help your company select the right software to suit your project needs. 1. Evaluate your internal environment. Gather all the details about your business and how it operates. Factor in company size, hierarchy, how departments and units are structured, and how they interact. Also, analyze products or services, culture, and the available internal and outsourced talent. Some other factors to consider include internal policies, technology, internal views, project methodologies, long-term goals, and finances. These have the potential to create alignment issues with the way your business operates or manage projects. Before choosing PM software, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of your business. This in-depth analysis may slow the selection process down, and take time and effort, but it is an essential exercise that will help all stakeholders avoid disappointment, wasted time, and potentially unnecessary costs. Having a big-picture view can reduce the risk of selecting a solution that does align well with the long-term strategy or the unique inner workings of your business. SEE: Managing vendor relationships: Time commitment, benefits, and pain points (Tech Pro Research) 2. Identify projects and confirm PM software will sufficiently support all aspects. Work with business leaders to identify and document high-level details about upcoming projects, both short and long-term. Record as much detail as possible; this information will be required when sending requests for information (RFIs), requests for proposals(RFPs), or requests for quotes (RFQs) to software vendors. To ensure the a particular solution can meet your short and long-term goals, pay close attention to the details provided to make sure project requirements are properly and fully addressed in vendor documents. Look for features that work for your specific project needs. Just because a vendor offers more features than other vendors does make it the best choice for your company's projects. Make sure the solution can accommodate your key processes and methodologies and that it is scalable and customizable. Also take the time to make sure the vendor can complete onboarding within your company's budget and schedule. SEE: How to build a successful project manager career (free PDF) (TechRepublic) 3. Do a trial run. Whenever possible, take the opportunity to do a trial run of the fully-working version of the software your company intends to implement. Again", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00535", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00130", "text": "per capita outside of New Hampshire and the most elected state officials outside of South Carolina. So there is room for a lot of reinventing, but the governor should be forewarned that the holder of every public office will fight him to the death. That's one reason we pretty much have the same government we started with in 1889. What this tells us is that North Dakotans like access, even when it means throwing efficiency under the bus. People want a role—a big role—in government. Having many points at which citizens can be a part of government implements the cultural idea that everybody is important and should \"have a say.\" If we have dissuaded the governor from reinventing, he would be well advised to choose only those entities that have constituencies, because constituencies rise up with a wrath when abolition or consolidation of their entity is proposed. For example, if he told the barbers he was going to mess with their licensing board, he would have to go out-of-state for a haircut. While the office holders, agencies and their constituencies will be arrayed against him, the governor will be spending lot of political capital on something about which the citizenry does care a hoot, meaning that the governor will have citizen uprising on behalf of reinventing. He'll be out there alone. Reinventing North Dakota state and local governments would require the effort of a mountain to produce a molehill. As a recovering government reinventor, I wish the governor well but will just sit this one out. On the other hand, it has been said that those who say it can be done are sometimes interrupted by somebody doing it. Omdahl is a retired professor of political science at UND and a former lieutenant governor of North Dakota.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00578", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00131", "text": "asserted their longstanding resistance to Confederate monuments on public land, promising again to fight for those statues' removal. State lawmakers have required that these memorials could only be moved with a waiver from the Tennessee Historical Commission, which has previously rejected the city's attempts to remove a statue of Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest. \"What Nathan Bedford Forrest stood for does express the views of this community at this time,\" City Attorney Bruce McMullen told the local Commercial Appeal, \"and it's counterproductive to what we want this community to be, and that is an inclusive community working together.\" Along with the still-pending waiver application to have Forrest's statue removed, McMullen told the paper the city plans to apply for a waiver to pull a monument to Confederate President Jefferson Davis from a park. In Baltimore, too, Mayor Catherine Pugh said Monday that she had reached out to contractors to discuss relocating the city's four monuments to the Confederacy, according to The Baltimore Sun. The city council president in Jacksonville, Fla., said Monday she is preparing a plan to relocate its Confederate monuments \"from public property to museums and educational institutions where they can be respectfully preserved and historically contextualized.\" Elsewhere in Florida, in Gainesville, construction workers took down a 113-year-old Confederate statue Monday morning. \"There was riot. protesters showed up,\" The Gainesville Sun reported. Some protesters did even wait for city leaders. In Durham, N.C., shouting demonstrators pulled down a monument to Confederate soldiers, kicking it after it fell to the ground. In all, \"at least 1,500 symbols of the Confederacy can be found in public spaces across the country, mostly in the Deep South,\" the Southern Poverty Law Center noted in a report last year. \"Most were put in place during the early decades of Jim Crow or in reaction to the civil rights movement.\" And many of them remain flashpoints of controversy between those who wish to see them removed and those who see them as crucial markers of their community's past. As for Lexington, Gray said the relocation of his city's monuments would enable residents to \"tell the story accurately and share a truthful history.\" \"It's true that hiding our history will allow our future generations to learn and avoid the same mistakes,\" Gray said. \"But keeping monuments to those who fought to preserve slavery on this hallowed ground is simply right.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 476, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00597", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00132", "text": "Photo via Getty Images. Here is a break with the British monarchy’s stiff-upper-lip tradition, in the name of destigmatizating mental health struggles: Prince Harry has given an interview about his long-running emotional struggles in the wake of his mother’s very public death, culminating in finally getting some help in his late 20s. Advertisement He spoke to the Telegraph, admitting, “I can safely say that losing my mom at the age of 12 and therefore shutting down all of my emotions for the last 20 years has had quite a serious effect on only my personal life but also my work as well.” He explained: “My way of dealing with it was sticking my head in the sand, refusing to ever think about my mum, because why would that help? “[I thought] it’s only going to make you sad, it’s going to bring her back. “So from an emotional side, I was like ‘right, don’t ever let your emotions be part of anything’. “So I was a typical 20, 25, 28-year-old running around going ‘life is great’, or ‘life is fine’ and that was exactly it. “And then [I] started to have a few conversations and actually all of a sudden, all of this grief that I have processed started to come to the forefront and I was like, there is actually a lot of stuff here that I need to deal with.” “I have probably been very close to a complete breakdown on numerous occasions when all sorts of grief and sort of lies and misconceptions and everything are coming to you from every angle,” he admitted, explaining that his brother finally convinced him he needed to speak to a professional. Advertisement The context for this is that the trio of young royals have made mental health, especially for young people, a major part of their philanthropic efforts. He said he wanted to make a difference while he and the rest of his generation of the family are “still interesting” to the public, which frankly shows more self-awareness than one would expect from a literal prince. Good for Harry.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 425, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00673", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00133", "text": "to 15 percent of the risk- based capital of the institution; or (2) such greater amount, as established by the appropriate Federal banking agency by regulation or order. (e) Institutions That Cease To Be Qualified or Exceed Aggregate Limits.--If an insured depository institution ceases to be a qualified insured depository institution or exceeds the limits under subsection (d), this section shall remain applicable to any transfer of mortgage loans that occurred at a time when the institution was qualified and had exceeded such limit. (f) Prompt Corrective Action Affected.--The capital of an insured depository institution shall be computed with regard to this section in determining whether the institution is less than well capitalized. (g) Regulations Required.--Before the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, each appropriate Federal banking agency shall prescribe final regulations implementing this section. (h) Alternative System Permitted.-- (1) In general.--At the discretion of the appropriate Federal banking agency, this section shall apply if the regulations of the agency provide that the aggregate amount of capital and reserves required with respect to the transfer of mortgage loans with recourse does exceed the aggregate amount of capital and reserves that would be required under subsection (b). (2) Existing transactions affected.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), this section shall remain in effect with respect to transfers of mortgage loans with recourse by qualified insured depository institutions occurring before the effective date of regulations referred to in paragraph (1). (i) Definitions.--The following definitions apply for purposes of this section: (1) Adequately capitalized.--The term ``adequately capitalized'' has the same meaning as in section 38(b) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. (2) Appropriate federal banking agency.--The term ``appropriate Federal banking agency'' has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. (3) Capital standards.--The term ``capital standards'' has the same meaning as in section 38(c) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. (4) Federal banking agencies.--The term ``Federal banking agencies'' has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. (5) Insured depository institution.--The term ``insured depository institution'' has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. (6) Other capital measures.--The term ``other capital measures'' has the same meaning as in", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01104", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00134", "text": "We present results from the first robust investigation of galaxy morphology as a function of environment at z>1.5. Our study is motivated by the fact that star-forming galaxies contained within a protocluster at z=2.3 in the HS1700+64 field have significantly older ages and larger stellar masses on average than those at similar redshifts but more typical environmental densities. In the analysis of HST/ACS images, we apply non-parametric statistics to characterize the rest-frame UV morphologies of a sample of 85 UV-selected star-forming galaxies at z=1.7-2.9, 22 of which are contained in the protocluster. The remaining 63 control-sample galaxies are in the protocluster but have a similar mean redshift of ~2.3. We find environmental dependence for the distributions of morphological properties. Combining the measured morphologies with the results of population synthesis modeling, we find only weak correlations, if any, between morphological and stellar population properties such as stellar mass, age, extinction and star-formation rate. Given the incomplete census of the protocluster galaxy population, and the lack of correlation between rest-frame UV morphology and star-formation history at z~2 within our sample, the absence of environmental trends in the distribution of morphological properties is surprising. Additionally, using a larger sample of photometric candidates, we compare morphological distributions for 282 UV-selected and 43 near-IR-selected galaxies. While the difference in the degree of nebulosity between the two samples appears to be a byproduct of the fainter average rest-frame UV surface brightness of the near-IR-selected galaxies, we find that, among the lowest surface brightness galaxies, the near-IR-selected objects have significantly smaller angular sizes (abridged).", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00083", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00135", "text": "A nonprofit organization that has orchestrated a wide-reaching campaign against foreign drug imports has deep ties to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, or PhRMA, the powerful lobbying group that includes Eli Lilly, Pfizer and Bayer. The nonprofit, called the Partnership for Safe Medicines, has recently emerged as a leading voice against Senate bills that would allow drugs to be imported from Canada. Both the lobbying group and the nonprofit partnership have gone to great lengths to show that drugmakers are driving what they describe as a grass-roots effort to fight imports, including an expensive advertising blitz and an event last week that featured high-profile former FBI officials and a former Food and Drug Administration commissioner. However, a Kaiser Health News analysis of groups involved in the partnership shows more than one-third have received PhRMA funding or are local chapters of groups that have received PhRMA funding, according to PhRMA tax disclosures from 2013 to 2015. Forty-seven of the organizations listed in the ads appear to be advocacy organizations that received money from PhRMA in those years. A PhRMA senior vice president, Scott LaGanga, previously led the Partnership for Safe Medicines for 10 years. At PhRMA, LaGanga was responsible for the lobbying group's alliances with patient advocacy groups, and he was simultaneously listed as the executive director of the Partnership for Safe Medicines on each of that group's annual tax filings since 2007, the earliest year for which they are available from ProPublica's Nonprofit Explorer. LaGanga wrote a 2011 article about the partnership's origins. Published in the Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, it described \"public-private partnerships in addressing counterfeit medicines.\" His PhRMA job was disclosed in the article. From 2010 to 2014, the organization hosted a conference called the Partnership for Safe Medicines Interchange. In a video from a 2013 event, LaGanga thanks pharmaceutical companies, most of them PhRMA members, for sponsoring the event. In February, LaGanga moved to a senior role at PhRMA and stepped down as executive director of the Partnership for Safe Medicines, just as the group's campaign to stop import legislation was revving up. The partnership's new executive director, Shabbir Safdar, said LaGanga resigned from the group to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest. \"That's why Scott's executive director anymore,\" he said. Ph", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00634", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00136", "text": "We have observed several emission lines of two Nitrogen-bearing (C2H5CN and C2H3CN) and two Oxygen-bearing (CH3OCH3 and HCOOCH3) molecules towards a sample of well-known hot molecular cores (HMCs) in order to check whether the chemical differentiation seen in the Orion-HMC and W3(H_2O) between O- and N-bearing molecules is a general property of HMCs. With the IRAM-30m telescope we have observed 12 HMCs in 21 bands, centered at frequencies from 86250 to 258280 MHz. The rotational temperatures obtained range from ~100 to ~150 K in these HMCs. Single Gaussian fits performed to unblended lines show a marginal difference in the line peak velocities of the C2H5CN and CH3OCH3 lines, indicating a possible spatial separation between the region traced by the two molecules. On the other hand, the linewidths or the rotational temperatures and column densities confirm such a result. By comparing the abundance ratio of the pair C2H5CN/C2H3CN with the predictions of theoretical models, we derive that the age of our cores ranges between 3.7 and 5.9x10^{4} yrs. The abundances of C2H5CN and C2H3CN are strongly correlated, as expected from theory which predicts that C2H3CN is formed through gas phase reactions involving C2H5CN. A correlation is also found between the abundances of C2H3CN and CH3OCH3, and C2H5CN and CH3OCH3. In all tracers the fractional abundances increase with the H_2 column density while they are correlated with the gas temperature.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 368, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00040", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00137", "text": "In a neighborhood of Istanbul that's plastered with Arabic signs, a Syrian refugee whips up his specialty — avocado cream smoothies — at the small, colorful cafe where he works. Majd al-Hassan has been in Turkey for two years, but has yet to learn much Turkish. He does need to. This area is filled with fellow Syrians. He's paid in cash, under the table, and has yet to really integrate into Turkish society, he acknowledges. \"We've got Syrian supermarkets, Syrian restaurants — just like back home,\" says Hassan, 26. \"I have even applied for a Turkish ID card. If peace comes to Syria, I'll go home tomorrow.\" Nearby, a resident who describes herself as one of the last Turks living on this street near Istanbul's Fatih Mosque says she longer recognizes her neighborhood. \"Before, this area was only Turkish people, mostly. But now, here, there, everywhere, it's all Syrian people,\" says Tulay Suleyman, who was born here. \"Some Turkish people, they do like these [new] people. Their culture is a little bit different than ours. [They're] mostly ignorant people — homeless people, low-class.\" Xenophobia has flared with the arrival of migrants in parts of Europe. That has been as big a problem in Turkey, even though there are some 3 million Syrians here — more than in all of Europe combined. As in Europe, many of the Syrians in Turkey are educated professionals who are under-employed, working off the books for low pay — part of Turkey's swelling black-market economy. At first, when Syrian refugees began streaming over the Turkish border in 2011, the Turkish government granted them a special protected status — but work permits. Many thought the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad would fall quickly — another domino in the Arab Spring — and that Syrian refugees would be able to cross back over the border and return home swiftly. With the Syrian war now in its seventh year, Turkey has opened a path to Syrians for official employment. But few have taken it. One of the government's motives in trying to regularize Syrians is that Turks have been worried about having their wages undercut. \"There was a public concern that Turkish people would be unemployed because of the Syrians being employed with lower fees [wages],\" says labor lawyer Mehmet Ata Sarikaripoglu. \"We see what happened in Europe, and", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00608", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00138", "text": "of evidence in the hearing shall apply in the same manner in which such rules would apply in a removal proceeding before a United States immigration judge under section 240 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. (c) Hearings, Findings and Conclusions, and Order.-- (1) Findings and conclusions.--Within 60 days after the end of a hearing conducted under this section, the immigration judge shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect to whether the respondent has been a participant in Nazi persecution (within the meaning of section 2 of this Act). (2) Order.-- (A) Finding that respondent has been a participant in nazi persecution.--If the immigration judge finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the respondent has been a participant in Nazi persecution (within the meaning of section 2 of this Act), the immigration judge shall promptly issue an order declaring the respondent to be ineligible for any Federal public benefit, and prohibiting any person from providing such a benefit, directly or indirectly, to the respondent, and shall transmit a copy of the order to any governmental entity or person known to be so providing such a benefit. (B) Finding that respondent has been a participant in nazi persecution.--If the immigration judge finds that there is insufficient evidence for a finding under subparagraph (A) that a respondent has been a participant in Nazi persecution (within the meaning of section 2 of this Act), the immigration judge shall issue an order dismissing the proceeding. (C) Effective date; limitation of liability.-- (i) Effective date.--An order issued pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be effective on the date of issuance. (ii) Limitation of liability.-- Notwithstanding clause (i), a person or entity shall be found to have provided a benefit to an individual in violation of this Act until the person or entity has received actual notice of the issuance of an order under subparagraph (A) with respect to the individual and has had a reasonable opportunity to comply with the order. (d) Review by Attorney General; Service of Final Order.-- (1) Review by attorney general.--The Attorney General may, in her discretion, review any finding or conclusion made, or order issued, under subsection (c), and shall complete the review later than 30 days after the finding or conclusion is so made, or order is so issued. Otherwise, the finding, conclusion, or order shall be final. (2) Service of final order.--The Attorney", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01115", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00139", "text": "Fractions of asteroidal particles, particles originating beyond Jupiter's orbit (including trans-Neptunian particles), and cometary particles originating inside Jupiter's orbit among zodiacal dust are estimated to be about 1/3 each, with a possible deviation from 1/3 up to 0.1-0.2. These estimates were based on the comparison of our models of the zodiacal cloud that use results of numerical integration of the orbital evolution of dust particles produced by asteroids, comets, and trans-Neptunian objects with different observations (e.g., WHAM [Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper spectrometer] observations of spectra of zodiacal light, the number density at different distances from the Sun). The fraction of particles produced by Encke-type comets (with e~0.8-0.9) does exceed 0.15 of the overall population. The estimated fraction of particles produced by long-period and Halley-type comets among zodiacal dust also does exceed 0.1-0.15. Though trans-Neptunian particles fit different observations of dust inside Jupiter's orbit, they can be dominant in the zodiacal cloud because studies of the distribution of number density with a distance from the Sun shows that trans-Neptunian particles can be dominant between orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. Mean eccentricities of zodiacal particles that better fit the WHAM observations were about 0.2-0.5, with a more probable value of about 0.3.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00252", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00140", "text": "Since 2012, the CDC, which sets public health standards for exposure to lead, has used a blood lead threshold of 5 micrograms per deciliter for children under age 6. While level of lead exposure is safe for children, those who test at or above that level warrant a public health response, the agency says. Based on new data from a national health survey, the CDC may lower its reference level to 3.5 micrograms per deciliter in the coming months, according to six people briefed by the agency. The measure will come up for discussion at a CDC meeting January 17 in Atlanta. But the step, which has been under consideration for months, could prove controversial. One concern: Lowering the threshold could drain sparse resources from the public health response to children who need the most help—those with far higher lead levels. The CDC did respond to a request for comment. Exposure to lead—typically in peeling old paint, tainted water or contaminated soil—can cause cognitive impairment and other irreversible health impacts. The CDC adjusts its threshold periodically as nationwide average levels drop. The threshold value is meant to identify children whose blood lead levels put them among the 2.5 percent of those with the heaviest exposure. \"Lead has biological function in the body, and so the less there is of it in the body the better,\" Bernard M Y Cheung, a University of Hong Kong professor who studies lead data, told Reuters. \"The revision in the blood lead reference level is to push local governments to tighten the regulations on lead in the environment.\" The federal agency is talking with state health officials, laboratory operators, medical device makers and public housing authorities about how and when to implement a new threshold. Since lead was banned in paint and phased out of gasoline nearly 40 years ago, average childhood blood lead levels have fallen more than 90 percent. The average is now around 1 microgram per deciliter. Yet progress has been uneven, and lead poisoning remains an urgent problem in many U.S. communities. A Reuters investigation published this month found nearly 3,000 areas with recently recorded lead poisoning rates of at least 10 percent, or double those in Flint, Michigan, during that city's water crisis. More than 1,100 of these communities had a rate of elevated blood tests at least four times higher than in Flint. In the worst-affected urban areas, up to 50 percent of children tested in recent", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00583", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00141", "text": "A Kuranishi space is a topological space with a Kuranishi structure, defined by Fukaya and Ono. Kuranishi structures occur naturally on moduli spaces of J-holomorphic curves in symplectic geometry. Let Y be an orbifold and R a commutative ring or Q-algebra. We define two kinds of Kuranishi homology KH_*(Y;R). The chain complex KC_*(Y;R) defining KH_*(Y;R) is spanned over R by [X,f,G], for X a compact oriented Kuranishi space with corners, f : X --> Y smooth, and G \"gauge-fixing data\" which makes Aut(X,f,G) finite. Our main result is that these are isomorphic to singular homology. We define Poincare dual Kuranishi cohomology, isomorphic to compactly-supported cohomology. We define five kinds of Kuranishi (co)bordism spanned by isomorphism classes[X,f] for X a compact oriented Kuranishi space with boundary and f : X --> Y smooth. They are new topological invariants, and we show they are very large. These theories are powerful new tools in symplectic geometry. Defining virtual cycles and chains for moduli spaces of J-holomorphic curves is trivial in Kuranishi (co)homology. There is need to perturb moduli spaces, and problems with transversality. This gives major simplifications in Lagrangian Floer cohomology. We define new Gromov-Witten type invariants in Kuranishi bordism, over Z Q. We sketch how these may be used to prove the integrality conjecture for Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. This paper is surveyed in arXiv:0710.5634.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00122", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00142", "text": "(abridged) Aims: Three-dimensional numerical simulations of penetrative compressible convection with uniform horizontal shear are used to study dynamo action and the generation of large-scale magnetic fields. Methods: We consider cases where the magnetic Reynolds number is either marginal or moderately supercritical with respect to small-scale dynamo action in the absence of shear and rotation. The effects of magnetic helicity fluxes are studied by comparing results for the magnetic field with open and closed boundaries. Results: with shear large-scale dynamos are found even if the ingredients necessary for the alpha-effect (rotation and stratification) are present in the system. When uniform horizontal shear is added, a large-scale magnetic field develops, provided the boundaries are open. In this case the mean magnetic field contains a significant fraction of the total field. For those runs where the magnetic Reynolds number is between 60 and 250, small-scale dynamo is expected to be excited, but the field distribution is found to be similar to cases with smaller magnetic Reynolds number where the small-scale dynamo is excited. In the case of closed (perfectly conducting) boundaries, magnetic helicity fluxes are suppressed and large-scale fields are found. Similarly, poor large-scale field development is seen when vertical shear is used in combination with periodic boundary conditions in the horizontal directions. If, however, open (normal-field) boundary conditions are used in the x-direction, a large-scale field develops. These results support the notion that shear only helps to generate the field, but it also plays a crucial role in driving magnetic helicity fluxes out of the system along the isocontours of shear, thereby allowing efficient dynamo action.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00413", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00143", "text": "A variety of physical heating mechanisms are combined with radiative cooling to explore, via one dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, the expected thermal properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) in the context of the cooling flow problem. Energy injection from type Ia supernovae, thermal conduction, and dynamical friction (DF) from orbiting satellite galaxies are considered. The novel feature of this work is the exploration of a wide range of efficiencies of each heating process. While the latter two can provide a substantial amount of energy, mechanism operating alone can produce or maintain an ICM in thermal balance over cosmological timescales, in stark contrast with observations. For simulated clusters with initially isothermal temperature profiles, both mechanisms acting in combination result in long-term thermal balance for a range of ICM temperatures and for central electron densities less than n_e~0.02 cm^-3; at greater densities catastrophic cooling invariably occurs. Furthermore, these heating mechanisms can produce or maintain clusters with a declining temperature profile in the central regions, implying that the observed \"cooling-core'' clusters, which have such declining temperature profiles, can be maintained with these mechanisms alone. Thus, while there appears to be an abundant supply of energy capable of heating the ICM in clusters, it is extremely difficult for the energy deposition to occur in such a way that the ICM remains in thermal balance over cosmological time-scales. These results strongly suggest that a more dynamic heating process such as feedback from a central black hole is required to generate the properties of observed intracluster media. (ABRIDGED)", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00240", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00144", "text": "HARARE, Zimbabwe (AP) — Pakistan had five balls to spare when it beat Zimbabwe by seven wickets on Wednesday and eliminated the African host from the Twenty20 tri-series tournament. Solomon Mire missed out on the chance to become Zimbabwe's first century-maker in a T20 international as his 94-run knock carried Zimbabwe to 162-4 after captain Hamilton Masakadza lost his first toss in the tri-series and his team was put in to bat. Opener Fakhar Zaman (47) and Hussain Talat (44) led Pakistan to 163-3 in 19.1 overs against an inexperienced bowling attack as Pakistan registered its second win against Zimbabwe. It was Zimbabwe's third straight loss. Australia plays against Pakistan on Thursday before both teams meet in Sunday's final. Mire stood tall against Pakistan's full-strength attack as left-arm fast bowler Mohammad Amir (1-25) got his first game of the series and replaced Usman Khan. Mire and Cephas Zhuwao (24) provided a solid opening partnership of 49 runs before Tarisai Musakanda (33) added 64 runs for the third wicket with Mire. Mire, who hit six sixes and six fours, reached his half-century off 32 balls when he hoisted left-arm spinner Mohammad Nawaz for a six over long off in the 11th over. Pakistan struggled for wickets despite seamer Faheem Ashraf (1-24) and leg-spinner Shadab Khan (1-28) bowling a decent four overs each in the middle overs. Mire looked set to become the first Zimbabwe batsman to score a century in a Twenty20 before he holed out at deep mid-wicket off seamer Talat in the 18th over — only a ball after Asif Ali missed a sitter at deep square leg. Mire also featured in two dismissals during Pakistan's innings as he took a fine catch in the deep to dismiss Haris Sohail. He then denied Zaman a half century through his medium pace when the left-hander was caught at mid-on. Captain Sarfraz Ahmed (38 out) and experienced Shoaib Malik (12 out) kept their composure and carried Pakistan home. Ahmed was happy with his bowlers, saying it \"was up to the mark, they have to work hard.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 485, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00691", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00145", "text": "know specifically what it received for most of the $1,200,000,000 in expenditures under its DynCorp Contract for the Iraqi Police Training Program''. (22) Congress does have complete access to information about all security contracts, the number of armed private security contractors working in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other combat zones, the number of contractors who have died, and any disciplinary actions taken against contract personnel or companies. SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Mission critical or emergency essential functions.--The term ``mission critical or emergency essential functions''-- (A) means-- (i) activities for which continued performance is considered essential to support combat systems and operational activities; or (ii) activities whose delay, absence, or failure of performance would significantly affect the broader success or failure of a military operation; and (B) includes-- (i) the provision of protective services; (ii) the provision of security advice and planning; (iii) military and police training; (iv) repair and maintenance for weapons systems; (v) prison administration; (vi) interrogation; and (vii) intelligence. (2) Specified congressional committees.--The term ``specified congressional committees'' means the following committees: (A) The Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. (B) The Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. SEC. 4. REQUIREMENT FOR GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL TO PERFORM DIPLOMATIC SECURITY IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN. later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall ensure that all personnel at any United States diplomatic or consular mission in Iraq or Afghanistan are provided security services only by United States Government personnel. SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO CONTRACTORS PERFORMING MISSION CRITICAL OR EMERGENCY ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS IN ALL CONFLICT ZONES IN WHICH CONGRESS HAS AUTHORIZED THE USE OF FORCE. (a) Report by President.-- (1) Requirement.--later than June 1, 2010, the President shall submit to the specified congressional committees a report on the status of planning for", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01012", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00146", "text": ", Yahiya Osman helps Syrians register for ID cards and health care. He's a Syrian refugee himself, and has worked here for four years — even though he only got a work permit two weeks ago. \"It makes me eligible for private health insurance, a pension and worker's compensation,\" says Osman, 33. \"You've got to think ahead. We're sure what's going to happen in Syria. We might have to stay here in Turkey forever.\" But Turkish government statistics show out of the 3 million Syrians here, fewer than 14,000 had work permits by January — a year into the program. \"It's a very exhausting procedure,\" says Sule Akarsu, who manages a charity that teaches Syrian refugees how to do bricklaying and other construction work. Her work is dedicated to helping Syrian refugees. Yet even she has applied for work permits for her Syrian staff. \"It takes nearly three months to get permission for the Syrians,\" she says. \"It's also difficult for Turkish industry, doing all these procedures.\" Only companies can apply for these permits, employees, and they must pay monthly social security for each worker — even if it's a Syrian who does plan to stay in Turkey long-term. Some employers say it's worth the hassle and expense. There are questions about how much Turkey's government really wants to implement this policy. It has threatened to fine companies that hire Syrians with permits. But the fines are rarely enforced. At an Istanbul cafe, Adnan Hadad, another Syrian, says it's just the bureaucracy that slows things down. He's dragged his feet too. When he arrived four years ago, he thought he'd be in Turkey \"a couple of years,\" he says. \"But the Syrian war, and how it eventually evolved, made me realize I'll be here a lot longer,\" Hadad says. He still dreams of growing old back home in Syria. But for now, he's starting in on some Turkish paperwork.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 400, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00609", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00147", "text": "LOT PROGRAM TO LEASE STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE FACILITIES. (a) In General.--Part B of title I of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 170. PILOT PROGRAM TO LEASE STORAGE AND RELATED FACILITIES. ``(a) Establishment.--later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Reform Act, as part of the program established under section 168, the Secretary shall establish a pilot program (referred to in this section as the `pilot program') to make available for lease-- ``(1) capacity for storage of more than 200,000,000 barrels of petroleum products at storage facilities of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve; and ``(2) related facilities. ``(b) Contents.--In carrying out the pilot program, the Secretary shall-- ``(1) identify appropriate storage facilities and related facilities of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to lease, to make maximum use of those facilities; ``(2) identify and implement any changes to facilities or facility operations necessary to lease the facilities identified under paragraph (1), including any changes necessary to ensure the long-term structural viability and use of the facilities for purposes of this part and part C; ``(3) make the facilities identified under paragraph (1) available for lease; and ``(4) identify environmental effects, including benefits, of leasing storage facilities and related facilities of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. ``(c) Report.--later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Reform Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the status of the pilot program.''. (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents for the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. prec. 6201) is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to part B of title I the following: ``Sec. 170. Pilot program to lease storage and related facilities.''.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 407, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01021", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00148", "text": "(Shortened) Thermal instability of partially ionized plasma is investigated by linear perturbation analysis. According to the previous studies under the one fluid approach, the thermal instability is suppressed due to the magnetic pressure. However, the previous studies did precisely consider the effect of the ion-neutral friction, since they did treat the flow as two fluid which is composed of ions and neutrals. Then, we revisit the effect of the ion-neutral friction of the two fluid to the growth of the thermal instability. According to our study, (1) The instability which is characterized by the mean molecular weight of neutrals is suppressed via the ion-neutral friction only when the magnetic field and the friction are sufficiently strong. The suppression owing to the friction occurs even along the field line. If the magnetic field and the friction are so strong, the instability is stabilized. (2) The effect of the friction and the magnetic field is mainly reduction of the growth rate of the thermal instability of weakly ionized plasma. (3) The effect of friction does affect the critical wavelength lambdaF for the thermal instability. This yields that lambdaF of the weakly ionized plasma is enlarged even when the magnetic field exists. We insist that the thermal instability of the weakly ionized plasma in the magnetic field can grow up even at the small length scale where the instability under the assumption of the one fluid plasma can grow owing to the stabilization by the magnetic field. (4) The wavelength of the maximum growth rate of the instability shifts shortward according to the decrement of the growth rate, because the friction is effective at rather larger scale. Therefore, smaller structures are expected to appear than those with the ion-neutral friction.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00190", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00149", "text": "Here we apply the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics (GSL) to black holes accreting and emitting in the present Universe and derive upper limits on the variation in the gravitational constant G. The limits depend on how the gravitational mass M varies with G. Parameterizing M goes as G^n, if n > -1/2 (including n = 0), the GSL applied to the full range of black holes theoretically allowed in the present Universe does constrain an increase in G but any decrease must be less than about |(1/G) dG/dt| = 10^-52 per second. If n < -1/2, the GSL does constrain a decrease in G but any increase must be less than about |(1/G) dG/dt| = 10^-52 per second. At earlier redshifts, these constraints weaken as z^3. If n = -1/2, the GSL does constrain a decrease but any increase must be less than about |(1/G) dG/dt| = (1/t). If the mass range is restricted to those black holes which have been astronomically observed, the present constraints on n > -1/2 and n < -1/2 are only weakened by a factor of about 10^8 with the tightest constraints coming from stellar mass black holes and the n = -1/2 bound does change. The stellar mass black hole limits should constrain the variation of G in Standard Model physics and all extension models which approximate classical physics on astronomical scales.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00082", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00150", "text": ", and decrypts data at the file level, partition, or for the entire disk. EncFS is an encrypted filesystem that runs in the user-space, using the FUSE library. The FUSE library acts as an interface for filesystems in user-space that allows users to mount and use filesystems natively supported by the host OS. FUSE/EncFS are open source releases and support Linux, BSD, Windows, Android devices, and macOS. It is also available in a number of languages, as it has been translated by community members. With active community support on GitHub and regular updates, EncFS offers users the ability to create a filesystem that can be mounted and used to store secure data files, and then it may be unmounted to protect against offline attacks and unauthorized user access. Additional resources How can I get FileVault 2? FileVault 2 is in all versions of OS X from 10.7 through macOS 10.13—it just needs to be enabled, as the service is turned off by default to allow end users to perform the initial setup process, which allows them to create a master recovery key. This key will act as a backup in the event that they become locked out of their account and must recover data via an alternate path. Users of OS X prior to 10.7 may use Legacy FileVault, or FileVault 1 (the initial offering of the encryption application), which only encrypts a user's home folder and the entire disk. This must be enabled per user on that device and will still leave any data stored within an encrypted home folder available to unauthorized access. The good news is that as long as your Apple computer supports a recent version of OS X or the modern releases of macOS, you can upgrade your Mac's operating system at anytime to a newer version to enjoy the benefits of FileVault 2's enhanced security. Additional resources For the latest IT security news, tips, and downloads, subscribe to our Cybersecurity Insider newsletter. Subscribe", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 400, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00520", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00151", "text": "performance of the functions of the advisory council, compensation at rates to exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate in effect for an individual at grade GS-18 of the General Schedule. ``(c) Terms.-- ``(1) In general.--The term of office of an individual appointed to the advisory council under subsection (b)(3) shall be 4 years, except that any individual appointed to fill a vacancy on the advisory council shall serve for the remainder of the unexpired term. A member may serve after the expiration of the member's term until a successor has been appointed. ``(2) Reappointments.--A member of the advisory council who has been appointed under subsection (b)(3) for a term of 4 years may be reappointed to the advisory council prior to the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date on which the prior term expired. ``(3) Vacancy.--If a vacancy occurs on the advisory council among the members under subsection (b)(3), the Secretary shall make an appointment to fill that vacancy later than 90 days after the date on which the vacancy occurs. ``(d) Chairperson.--The chairperson of the advisory council shall be selected by the Secretary from among the members appointed under subsection (b)(3), except that the Secretary may select the Director of the Center to be the chairperson of the advisory council. The term of office of the chairperson shall be 2 years. ``(e) Meetings.--The advisory council shall meet at the call of the chairperson or upon the request of the Director of the Center, but less than 3 times each fiscal year. The location of the meetings of the advisory council shall be subject to the approval of the Director of the Center. ``(f) Administrative Provisions.--The Director of the Center shall designate a member of the staff of the Center to serve as the executive secretary of the advisory council. The Director of the Center shall make available to the advisory council such staff, information, and other assistance as the council may require to carry out its functions. The Director of the Center shall provide orientation and training for new members of the advisory council to provide such members with such information and training as may be appropriate for their effective participation in the functions of the advisory council. ``(g) Comments and Recommendations.--The advisory council may prepare, for inclusion in the biennial report under section 485M-- ``(1) comments with respect to the activities of the advisory council in the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00858", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00152", "text": "of a tax return which is prepared by the refund anticipation loan provider or the income tax return preparer which does include the refund anticipation loan provider's or the income tax return preparer's registration number. (B) disciplinary action.--The regulations shall require that an applicant for registration must have demonstrated any conduct that would warrant disciplinary action under part 10 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations. (C) Burden of registration.--In promulgating the regulations, the Secretary shall minimize the burden and cost on the registrant. (2) Rules of conduct.--All registrants shall be subject to rules of conduct that are consistent with the rules that govern federally authorized tax practitioners. (3) Reasonable fees and interest rates.--The Secretary, after consultation with any expert as the Secretary deems appropriate, shall include in the regulations guidance on reasonable fees and interest rates charged to taxpayers in connection with loans to taxpayers made by refund anticipation loan providers. (4) Renewal of registration.--The regulations shall determine the time frame required for renewal of registration and the manner in which a registered income tax return preparer or a registered refund anticipation loan provider must renew such registration. (5) Fees.-- (A) In general.--The Secretary may require the payment of reasonable fees for registration and for renewal of registration under the regulations. (B) Purpose of fees.--Any fees required under this paragraph shall inure to the Secretary for the purpose of reimbursement of the costs of administering the requirements of the regulations. (c) Prohibition.--Section 6695 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to other assessable penalties with respect to the preparation of income tax returns for other persons) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(h) Actions on a Taxpayer's Behalf by a Non-Registered Person.-- Any person registered pursuant to the regulations promulgated by the Secretary under the Low Income Taxpayer Protection Act of 2001 who-- ``(1) prepares a tax return for another taxpayer for compensation, or ``(2) provides a loan to a taxpayer that is linked to or in anticipation of a tax refund for the taxpayer, shall be subject to a $500 penalty for each incident of noncompliance.''. (d) Coordination with Section 6060(a).--The Secretary shall determine whether the registration required under the regulations issued pursuant to this section should be in lieu of the return requirements of section 6060. (", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01045", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00153", "text": "The First Amendment gives Americans freedom of speech, however, it does give citizens freedom from consequences of their speech, says tech author and BlogHer co-founder Elisa Camahort Page. Recently, a Google engineer was fired after releasing a controversial memo stating women do advance in the tech industry because of biological differences. Page uses this issue to shed light on how companies can manage free expression in the workplace. SEE: Employee political activity policy (Tech Pro Research) In the situation of the Google memo, the employee was fired because he broke a law, but because he broke a company policy. \"When people talk about having open discourse and people being able to be free to express their opinions, what they mean is about 'how to develop a product' or 'how to address company services,' Page said. \"They want to have alternative points of view around making the best possible product.\" This freedom of expression in the workplace is an excuse to get into political debates, and most companies do want you to do that, she said. It also becomes a liability issue for a company when its employees make derogatory comments about their colleagues—especially in an environment where collaboration is critical—because it affects employees' comfort levels and deters the best talent. SEE: Hostile workplace prevention policy (Tech Pro Research) Page suggested that companies of every size should have a code of conduct about internal and external communications. Companies need have policies in place about the type of speech that's appropriate for their employees about their colleagues. Employees should also know that they represent the company when talking about anything relevant to their industry. \"This should be normal for companies and employees to understand,\" she said. Page said that all companies with over 50 employees should have an HR manager. Once a company reaches that size, there are a lot more policies and regulations that need to be put in place. \"There are baseline HR things that you should do at every company, that's the biggest lesson, and if you're doing them, you're missing out.\" Discover the secrets to IT leadership success with these tips on project management, budgets, and dealing with day-to-day challenges. Subscribe to TechRepublic's Executive Briefing newsletter. Subscribe See also:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 442, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00543", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00154", "text": "(16 U.S.C. 1533(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(6) Additional data.-- ``(A) Identification.--The Secretary shall-- ``(i) identify and publish in the Federal Register with the notice of a proposed regulation published pursuant to subsection (b)(5)(A)(i), and with notice of any final regulation published pursuant to subsection (b)(6), a description of additional scientific and commercial data that would assist in the preparation of a recovery plan; ``(ii) invite any person to submit such data to the Secretary; and ``(iii) describe the steps that the Secretary plans to take to acquire additional data. ``(B) Consideration.--Data identified and obtained under subparagraph (A) shall be considered by the recovery team and the Secretary in the preparation of the recovery plan in accordance with section 5.''. SEC. 3. PEER REVIEW. Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(j) Independent Scientific Review Requirements.-- ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection: ``(A) Covered action.--The term `covered action' means-- ``(i) a proposed determination under subsection (a)(1) that a species is an endangered species or a threatened species under subsection (a)(1); ``(ii) a proposed determination under subsection (a)(1) that would change the status of a species as an endangered species or a threatened species or would remove such a species from any list published under subsection (c)(1); ``(iii) the development of a recovery plan for a threatened species or endangered species under subsection (f); and ``(iv) the determination that a proposed action is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species, including the proposal of any reasonable and prudent alternatives by the Secretary under section 7(b)(3). ``(B) Qualified individual.--The term `qualified individual' means an individual-- ``(i) who through publication of peer- reviewed scientific literature or other means, has demonstrated scientific expertise on the species or a similar species or other scientific expertise relevant to the covered action; ``(ii) who does have, or represent any person with, a conflict of interest with respect to the covered action that is the subject of the review; and ``(iii) who has advocated a position, and is employed by a person who has advocated a position, with respect to the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01057", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00155", "text": "Recently, a few peculiar Type Ia supernovae (SNe) that show exceptionally large peak luminosity have been discovered. Their luminosity requires more than 1 Msun of 56Ni ejected during the explosion, suggesting that they might have originated from super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs. However, the nature of these objects is yet well understood. In particular, data have been taken at late phases, about one year after the explosion. We report on Subaru and Keck optical spectroscopic and photometric observations of the SN Ia 2006gz, which had been classified as being one of these \"overluminous\" SNe Ia. The late-time behavior is distinctly different from that of normal SNe Ia, reinforcing the argument that SN 2006gz belongs to a different subclass than normal SNe Ia. However, the peculiar features found at late times are readily connected to a large amount of 56Ni; the SN is faint, and it lacks [Fe II] and [Fe III] emission. If the bulk of the radioactive energy escapes the SN ejecta as visual light, as is the case in normal SNe Ia, the mass of 56Ni does exceed ~ 0.3 Msun. We discuss several possibilities to remedy the problem. With the limited observations, however, we are unable to conclusively identify which process is responsible. An interesting possibility is that the bulk of the emission might be shifted to longer wavelengths, unlike the case in other SNe Ia, which might be related to dense C-rich regions as indicated by the early-phase data. Alternatively, it might be the case that SN 2006gz, though peculiar, was actually substantially overluminous at early times.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00488", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00156", "text": "The Daily Stormer, a Neo-Nazi website that promoted the \"Unite the Right\" rally in Charlottesville, Va., will longer be hosted by GoDaddy, after the service received calls to ban the site over its hate-filled stories. The Daily Stormer is now seen as trying to spin the threat of being taken down, with the site posting a story that claims to be written by hackers affiliated with the activist group Anonymous. That story includes a threat to delete the site within 24 hours. But a main source of news about Anonymous says the group does seem to be involved. The dispute over the website comes after a violent weekend in Charlottesville culminated in the killing of Heather Heyer, 32, an anti-white nationalist protester. Police say James Alex Fields Jr., 20, killed Heyer when he drove his car into a crowd of people. The Daily Stormer then published a story mocking Heyer and making light of the events in Virginia, prompting calls for GoDaddy, which hosts the site, to be taken down. Posting a link to the offending story, women's rights advocate Amy Siskind‏ wrote via Twitter, \"@GoDaddy you host The Daily Stormer - they posted this on their site. Please retweet if you think this hate should be taken down & banned.\" More than 6,500 people retweeted that message, and the web service replied late Sunday night, \"We informed The Daily Stormer that they have 24 hours to move the domain to another provider, as they have violated our terms of service.\" In the story on the Daily Stormer, the purported hackers say they'll delete the site by the same deadline set by GoDaddy. But in a break with notable hacking takeovers, the story does appear as a message plastered on the front of the site; instead, it's published alongside other pieces, including the one about Heyer. The Daily Stormer is published by Andrew Anglin, who also writes much of its most high-profile content; the site is supported by reader donations rather than by advertising. The alleged hackers' message included the hashtag #TANGODOWN — a term that was quickly used by opponents of the site's views to celebrate its seeming demise. News organizations around the world ran stories about the apparent takeover, which had included the explanation, \"this evil can be allowed to stand.\" But a Twitter account that often relays news about Anonymous states, \"We have confirmation that", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00598", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00157", "text": "the State at the same time as a timely paid payment, with respect to such wages, of contributions into an unemployment fund maintained under the unemployment compensation law of such State. ``(c) Exception for Payments Timely Paid.--Subsection (a) shall apply to any payment of the tax imposed by this chapter which is paid by an employer on or before the last date on which such payment would be treated as timely paid under subsection (b). ``(d) Federal Tax Transferred to Secretary.--Each State making an election under subsection (a) shall transmit to the Secretary, at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Secretary, the amount of the tax imposed by this chapter which is submitted to such State under subsection (a) and a copy of the State tax return of each employer making such a submission. The Secretary may, after consultation with such organizations or other entities as the Secretary considers appropriate, prescribe regulations requiring that additional information be submitted by such State with respect to the amount of such tax payable by such employer.'' (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 23 of such Code is amended by striking the item relating to section 3311 and inserting the following new items: ``Sec. 3311. State collection of tax. ``Sec. 3312. Short title.'' (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003. SEC. 303. REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION OF STATE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION PACKETS. (a) In General.--Subsection (a) of section 3304 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to approval of State laws) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (18), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (19) and inserting ``; and'', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(20) the State will distribute to unemployed individuals State-specific information packets explaining unemployment insurance eligibility conditions.'' (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to certifications of States for 2003, except that section 3304(a)(20) of such Code, as added by subsection (a), shall be a requirement for the State law of any State prior to July 1, 2004, if the legislature of such State does meet in a regular session which closes during the calendar year 2003. TITLE", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00954", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00158", "text": "Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a possible way to explain the flat galaxy rotation curves with invoking the existence of dark matter. It is however quite difficult to predict such a phenomenology in a consistent field theory, free of instabilities and admitting a well-posed Cauchy problem. We examine critically various proposals of the literature, and underline their successes and failures both from the experimental and the field-theoretical viewpoints. We exhibit new difficulties in both cases, and point out the hidden fine tuning of some models. On the other hand, we show that several published no-go theorems are based on hypotheses which may be unnecessary, so that the space of possible models is a priori larger. We examine a new route to reproduce the MOND physics, in which the field equations are particularly simple outside matter. However, the analysis of the field equations within matter (a crucial point which is often forgotten in the literature) exhibits a deadly problem, namely that they do remain always hyperbolic. Incidentally, we prove that the same theoretical framework provides a stable and well-posed model able to reproduce the Pioneer anomaly with spoiling any of the precision tests of general relativity. Our conclusion is that all MOND-like models proposed in the literature, including the new ones examined in this paper, present serious difficulties: only they are unnaturally fine tuned, but they also fail to reproduce some experimental facts or are unstable or inconsistent as field theories. However, some frameworks, notably the tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) one of Bekenstein and Sanders, seem more promising than others, and our discussion underlines in which directions one should try to improve them.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00058", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00159", "text": "We report on the pressure-induced unconventional superconductivity in the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CeIn3 by means of nuclear-quadrupole-resonance (NQR) studies conducted under a high pressure. The temperature and pressure dependences of the NQR spectra have revealed a first-order quantum-phase transition (QPT) from an AFM to PM at a critical pressure Pc=2.46 GPa. Despite the lack of an AFM quantum critical point in the P-T phase diagram, we highlight the fact that the unconventional SC occurs in both phases of the AFM and PM. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 in the AFM phase have provided evidence for the uniformly coexisting AFM+SC phase. In the HF-PM phase where AFM fluctuations are developed, 1/T1 decreases with the coherence peak just below Tc, followed by a power-law like T dependence that indicates an unconventional SC with a line-node gap. Remarkably, Tc has a peak around Pc in the HF-PM phase as well as in the AFM phase. In other words, an SC dome exists with a maximum value of Tc = 230 mK around Pc, indicating that the origin of the pressure-induced HF SC in CeIn3 is relevant to AFM spin fluctuations but to the emergence of the first-order QPT in CeIn3. When the AFM critical temperature is suppressed at the termination point of the first-order QPT, Pc = 2.46 GPa, the diverging AFM spin-density fluctuations emerge at the critical point from the AFM to PM. The results with CeIn3 leading to a new type of quantum criticality deserve further theoretical investigations.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 351, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00321", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00160", "text": "accompanied alien child. (10) Other information in the Secretary's discretion. SEC. 8. CLARIFICATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS. If a child is separated from a parent or legal guardian, and a State court has made a determination that the parental rights have been terminated, there is a presumption that-- (1) the parental rights remain intact; and (2) the separation does constitute an affirmative determination of abuse or neglect under Federal or State law. SEC. 9. CLARIFICATION OF EXISTING LAW. (a) Federal Law.--Nothing in this Act shall be interpreted to supersede or modify Federal child welfare law, where applicable, including the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Public Law 105- 89). (b) State Law.--Nothing in this Act shall be interpreted to supersede or modify State child welfare laws where applicable. SEC. 10. LIMITATION ON THE PROSECUTION OF ASYLUM SEEKERS. (a) In General.--An alien who has expressed a credible or reasonable fear of persecution, filed an application for asylum or withholding of removal, or expressed an intent to file such an application, may be prosecuted under section 275(a) or 276(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1325(a), 1326(a)) until the date on which any such application has been finally adjudicated, including any appeals thereto. (b) Affirmative Defense.--In the case that an alien is prosecuted under section 275(a) or 276(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1325(a), 1326(a)) in violation of subsection (a), it shall be a defense that the alien has expressed a credible or reasonable fear of persecution, filed an application for asylum or withholding of removal, or expressed an intent to file such an application, and that such application has been finally adjudicated, including any appeals thereto. (c) Treaty Obligations.--In accordance with the treaty obligations of the United States under Article 31 of the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, alien who has been granted asylum or withholding of removal in the United States may be prosecuted under section 275(a) or 276(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1325(a), 1326(a)). SEC.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01037", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00161", "text": ")(A)(i)), for purposes of this paragraph, a citizen described in subparagraph (A) does have to be 21 years of age for a parent to benefit under this paragraph. (b) Applications for Adjustment of Status by Surviving Spouses, Children, and Parents.-- (1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (c) of section 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1255), any alien who was the spouse, child, or parent of an alien described in paragraph (2), and who applied for adjustment of status prior to the death described in paragraph (2)(B), may have such application adjudicated as if such death had occurred. (2) Alien described.--An alien is described in this paragraph if the alien-- (A) served honorably for any period of time in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps (including reserve components), or in the Coast Guard or Coast Guard Reserve, in a combat zone designated in connection with Operation Iraqi Freedom; (B) died as a result of injury or disease incurred in or aggravated by that service; and (C) was granted posthumous citizenship under section 329A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1440-1). (c) Spouses and Children of Lawful Permanent Resident Aliens.-- (1) Treatment as immediate relatives.-- (A) In general.--A spouse or child of an alien described in paragraph (3) who is included in a petition for classification as a family-sponsored immigrant under section 203(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1153(a)(2)) that was filed by such alien, shall be considered (if the spouse or child has been admitted or approved for lawful permanent residence by such date) a valid petitioner for immediate relative status under section 201(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1151(b)(2)(A)(i)). Such spouse or child shall be eligible for deferred action, advance parole, and work authorization. (B) Petitions.--An alien spouse or child described in subparagraph (A) may file a petition with the Secretary of Homeland Security for classification of the alien under section 201(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 115", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01048", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00162", "text": "worse results. Figure D A search on contract returns a lot of files. Okay, I confess: The above search is unnecessarily complicated—I did that on purpose. If you see a lot of files you can identify, check the Advanced Options dropdown and make sure System Files is unchecked (unless you're looking for system files). Doing so will improve most search tasks, with or with Tags. However, thanks to Tags, you do have to second guess, remember every related file you've generated or updated, or wade through busy search results. Even if the search includes system files (as above), you will see a lot of unexpected files. You'll see only the files you've tagged accordingly. To pinpoint just the files you want to see related to your plant sale, open File Explorer and click This PC (or a folder, a server drive, or OneDrive). Enter a search string in the following form: Tags: search string As you can see in Figure E, the search on Tags: plant sale matches only two files: the plant list in Excel and the vendor contract in Word. If you know where the files are, you can run a quicker search by selecting that folder before executing the search. If you're like me, some folders contain a lot of files and a Tags search is often easier and quicker than a normal alphabetical list. Figure E Using the plant sale Tags keyword reduces the number of files returned. all formats are equal all software allows you to add Tags when saving a file, but that's a problem. You can use File Explorer to add Tags: Open File Explorer and select the file you want to tag. On the View tab, click Details in the Panes group to open the Details pane. Enter the appropriate Tags (Figure F). Click Save. Figure F Enter your Tags. Now when you run the same search, Tags: plant sale, File Explorer returns the first two files and the.jpg, as shown in Figure G. Figure G This time, the search found three tagged files. Using File Explorer, you can sort and group a folder's contents using Tags. Simply click the View tab and choose Tags from the Sort By or Group By dropdown. Or right-click the background and choose Tags from the Sort By or Group By options. In addition, you can filter for Tags. As Figure H shows, you can filter for specific Tags if you're using the Details view. This is great when you know all your files are", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00555", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00163", "text": "to fill in the gap with him. Bennett signed with Green Bay in the offseason, before being released by the Packers in November. He then re-signed with the Patriots, but only appeared in two games before being placed on season-ending injured reserve. Brady said he wants to spend the rest of the time leading up to the Super Bowl avoiding all possible distractions. That includes talking about a new series that debuted on Facebook recently and provides viewers a rare glimpse at his life off the field. \"What? Let's talk about distractions,\" Brady joked when he was asked about the series Saturday. \"We'll stick to football this week, too. I like that distractions part.\" Though this will be Brady's eighth trip to the Super Bowl, the 40-year-old said he still has an appreciation for what it takes to be playing at this point of the season. \"I've taken anything like this for granted, and I think we're all very fortunate to be in this game,\" he said. \"Being a part of a couple of these losses, those are pretty tough to swallow, but I think you realize how much effort you have to put in to prepare. It's a very unique environment, unique game, and you have to be at your best. But in order to do that, you have to prepare as well as you possibly can.\" ___ More AP NFL: http://www.pro32.ap.org and http://www.twitter.com/AP_NFL ___ Follow Kyle Hightower on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/khightower", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00753", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00164", "text": "meet some of Portugal's remaining drug users. The hillside is littered with needles, and bursting with wildflowers. The sky rumbles with airliners landing at the international airport nearby. There's a philosophy book on a cement stoop next to a middle-aged man who's smoking crack cocaine. He gives his name as Rui, and says the stigma against addicts has eased since decriminalization. \"Now, so much. It's less, because the methadone is coming, and people are treating this problem,\" he says. \"They see the drugs with another perspective.\" Every day, a government van pulls up and gives him a dose of methadone, an opioid that helps wean people off of heroin. It's a step toward harm-reduction. He still does cocaine, but longer shoots up. Drug-related HIV infections in Portugal have dropped 95 percent. Drug workers hand out packets with clean needles and condoms, and listen to another addict, Antonio, describe his anxiety. \"If the drugs hurt too much my body, I escape a little, and then I come back again,\" he says. \"But it's a world I can escape! If I turn there, it's there — it's everywhere. I can escape.\" For every person in Portugal who can escape addiction, there's daily methadone, counseling and free treatment. A generation ago, these addicts were put in jail. Now they're on the street. But polls show the Portuguese — having lived through the ravages of a heroin epidemic — overwhelmingly support this policy.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00593", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00165", "text": "A first principles analysis of order-disorder transition in alloys shows that ordering energy is a function of temperature due to thermal vibrations. The inter-nuclear potential energy term converges if zero point vibrations are incorporated and this method can replace the Ewald sum method. Core energy contributions to the ordering energy are stored exclusively in superlattice lines. The effect of electron-phonon interactions on ordering energy is of the same order of magnitude as ordering energy near transition temperatures and can be ignored. Ising model and variants are incorrect in explaining alloy phase transitions as they ignore the role of electron-phonon interactions with justification. A theoretical formalism that incorporates the Debye-Waller Factor component of electron-phonon interactions in electronic structure calculations already exists and must be adopted when modeling temperature dependent phenomena. It is suggested that DWF correction will account substantially for the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical ordering energy in Ni3V. Thermal vibrations alter magnetic ordering energy at finite temperatures. The role of electron-phonon interactions in alloy and magnetic phase transitions can be ignored and must be incorporated in all models. This will also ensure consistency with x-ray and electron diffraction (alloy transitions) and neutron diffraction (magnetic transitions) results. An isotope effect is predicted for (magnetic) phase transitions if the transition temperature is below Debye temperature. Recent observations of an isotope effect in magnetic phase transitions confirm our above conclusions and imply that the role of electron-phonon interactions must be incorporated in all theories and models of magnetism to avoid contradictions.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00059", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00166", "text": "On the cosmological length scale, recent measurements by WMAP have validated $\\Lambda$CDM to a precision see before in cosmology. Such is the case on galactic length scales, however, where the `cuspy-core' problem has demonstrated our lack of understanding of structure formation. Here, we propose a solution to the 'cuspy-core' problem based on the observation that with the discovery of Dark Energy, $\\Lambda_{DE}$, there is now a universal length scale, $\\lambda_{DE}=c/(\\Lambda_{DE} G)^{1/2}$, associated with the universe. This length scale allows for an extension of the geodesic equations of motion that affects only the motion of massive test particles; the motion of massless test particles are affected, and such phenomenon as gravitational lensing remain unchanged. An evolution equation for the density profile is derived, and an effective free energy density functional for it is constructed. We conjecture that the pseudoisothermal profile is preferred over the cusp-like profile because it has a lower effective free energy. A cosmological check of the theory is made using the observed rotational velocities and core sizes of 1393 spiral galaxies. We calculate $\\sigma_8$ to be $0.68_{\\pm0.11}$; this is within experimental error of the WMAP value $0.761_{-0.048}^{+0.049}$. We then calculate $R_{200}=270_{\\pm 130}$ kpc, which is in agreement with observations. We estimate the fractional density of matter that can be determined through gravity to be $0.197_{\\pm 0.017}$; this is nearly equal to the WMAP value for the fractional density of nonbaryonic matter $0.196^{+0.025}_{-0.026}$. The fractional density of matter that can be determined through gravity is then calculated to be $0.041_{-0.031}^{+0.030}$; this is nearly equal to $\\Omega_B=0.0416_{-0.0039}^{+0.0038}$.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 437, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00222", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00167", "text": "Divergence functions of a metric space estimate the length of a path connecting two points $A$, $B$ at distance $\\le n$ avoiding a large enough ball around a third point $C$. We characterize groups with non-linear divergence functions as groups having cut-points in their asymptotic cones. By Olshanskii-Osin-Sapir, that property is weaker than the property of having Morse (rank 1) quasi-geodesics. Using our characterization of Morse quasi-geodesics, we give a new proof of the theorem of Farb-Kaimanovich-Masur that states that mapping class groups can contain copies of irreducible lattices in semi-simple Lie groups of higher ranks. It also gives a generalization of the result of Birman-Lubotzky-McCarthy about solvable subgroups of mapping class groups covered by the Tits alternative of Ivanov and McCarthy. We show that any group acting acylindrically on a simplicial tree or a locally compact hyperbolic graph always has \"many\" periodic Morse quasi-geodesics (i.e. Morse elements), so its divergence functions are linear. We also show that the same result holds in many cases when the hyperbolic graph satisfies Bowditch's properties that are weaker than local compactness. This gives a new proof of Behrstock's result that every pseudo-Anosov element in a mapping class group is Morse. On the other hand, we conjecture that lattices in semi-simple Lie groups of higher rank always have linear divergence. We prove it in the case when the $\\mathbb{Q}$-rank is 1 and when the lattice is $SL_n(\\mathcal{O}_S)$ where $n\\ge 3$, $S$ is a finite set of valuations of a number field $K$ including all infinite valuations, and $\\mathcal{O}_S$ is the corresponding ring of $S$-integers.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 405, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00303", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00168", "text": "Survey of insurer's investments and strategies and its role is premium rate setting for medical malpractice insurance. (7) Role of jury awards in premium rate setting for medical malpractice insurance. (8) Relationship of medical malpractice premium rates and overall medical practice costs SEC. 4. FINAL REPORT; CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS. (a) Final Report.-- (1) In general.--later than 16 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to the President and Congress a final report which contains-- (A) the findings and conclusions of the Commission described in section 3; (B) a detailed plan for comprehensive strategy to combat the consequences of skyrocketing medical malpractice liability insurance rates; and (C) any recommendations for administrative and legislative actions necessary to achieve such reductions. (2) Separate views.--Any member of the Commission may submit additional findings and recommendations as part of the final report. (b) Congressional Hearings.--later than 6 months after the final report described in subsection (a) is submitted, the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions of the Senate shall hold hearings on the report. SEC. 5. POWERS OF COMMISSION. (a) Hearings.--The Commission may hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as the Commission may find advisable to fulfill the requirements of this Act. The Commission shall hold at least 7 public hearings, 1 or more in Washington, D.C. and 4 in different regions of the United States. (b) Information From Federal Agencies.--The Commission may secure directly from any Federal department or agency such information as the Commission considers necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Commission, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission. (c) Postal Services.--The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the Federal Government. SEC. 6. COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS. (a) Compensation of Members.-- Each member of the Commission who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00920", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00169", "text": "We investigate the origin of the soft X-ray excess emission from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies Akn564 and Mrk1044 using XMM-Newton observations. We find clear evidence for time delays between the soft and hard X-ray emission from Akn564 based on a 100ks long observation. The variations in the 4-10keV band lag behind that in the 0.2-0.5keV band by 1768+/-122s. The full band power density spectrum (PDS) of Akn~564 has a break at ~1.2e-3Hz with power-law indices of ~1 and ~3 below and above the break. The hard (3-10keV) band PDS is stronger and flatter than that in the soft (0.2-0.5keV) band. Based on a short observation of Mrk1044, we find correlation between the 0.2-0.3keV and 5-10keV bands at zero lag. These observations imply that the soft excess is the reprocessed hard X-ray emission. The high resolution spectrum of Akn564 obtained with the RGS shows evidence for a highly ionized and another weakly ionized warm absorber medium. The smeared wind and blurred ionized reflection models do describe the pn data adequately. The spectrum is consistent with a complex model consisting of optically thick Comptonization in a cool plasma for the soft excess and a steep power-law, modified by two warm absorber media as inferred from the RGS data and the foreground Galactic absorption. The smeared wind and optically thick Comptonization models both describe the spectrum of Mrk1044 satisfactorily, but the ionized reflection model requires extreme parameters. The data suggest two component corona -- a cool, optically thick corona for the soft excess and a hot corona for the power-law component. The existence of a break in the soft band PDS suggests a compact cool corona that can either be an ionized surface of the inner disk or an inner optically thick region coupled to a truncated disk.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 437, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00158", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00170", "text": "We present Spitzer infrared (IR) photometry and spectroscopy of the lensed Lyman break galaxy (LBG), MS1512-cB58 at z=2.73. The large (factor ~30) magnification allows for the most detailed infrared study of an L*_UV(z=3) LBG to date. Broadband photometry with IRAC (3-10 micron), IRS (16 micron), and MIPS (24, 70 & 160 micron) was obtained as well as IRS spectroscopy spanning 5.5-35 microns. A fit of stellar population models to the optical/near-IR/IRAC photometry gives a young age (~9 Myr), forming stars at ~98 M_sun/yr, with a total stellar mass of ~10^9 M_sun formed thus far. The existence of an old stellar population with twice the stellar mass can be ruled out. IR spectral energy distribution fits to the 24 and 70 micron photometry, as well as previously obtained submm/mm, data give an intrinsic IR luminosity L_IR = 1-2 x10^11 L_sun and a star formation rate, SFR ~20-40 M_sun/yr. The UV derived star formation rate (SFR) is ~3-5 times higher than the SFR determined using L_IR or L_Halpha because the red UV spectral slope is significantly over predicting the level of dust extinction. This suggests that the assumed Calzetti starburst obscuration law may be valid for young LBGs. We detect strong line emission from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at 6.2, 7.7, and 8.6 microns. The line ratios are consistent with ratios observed in both local and high redshift starbursts. Both the PAH and rest-frame 8 micron luminosities predict the total L_IR based on previously measured relations in starbursts. Finally, we do detect the 3.3 micron PAH feature. This is marginally inconsistent with some PAH emission models, but still consistent with PAH ratios measured in many local star-forming galaxies.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 443, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00498", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00171", "text": "use of automated train control technology that is available on that date. (2) Regulations to cover practicability of satellite-based train control systems.-- (A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), if upon completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, determines that the installation of an effective satellite-based train control system referred to in subsection (a) could be accomplished practicably by January 1, 2001, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall promulgate regulations to require, as soon as practicable after the date of promulgation of the regulations, the use of automated train control technology that is available on that date. (B) Waivers.--If the appropriate official of a railroad system establishes, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, and in a manner specified by the Secretary, that the railroad system will have in operation a satellite-based train control system by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall issue a waiver for that railroad system to waive the application of the regulations promulgated under subparagraph (A) for that railroad system, subject to terms and conditions established by the Secretary. (3) Conditions.--In promulgating regulations under this subsection, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall provide for any exceptions or conditions that the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, determines to be necessary. (4) Monitoring.-- (A) In general.--If the Secretary issues a waiver for a railroad system under paragraph (2)(B), the railroad system shall, during the period that the waiver is in effect, provide such information to the Secretary as the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, determines to be necessary to monitor the compliance of the railroad system with the conditions of the waiver, including information concerning the progress of the railroad system in achieving an operational satellite-based train control system. (B) Revocation of waivers.--If, at any time during the period that a waiver issued under paragraph (2)(B) is in effect, the Secretary determines that the railroad system issued the waiver is meeting the terms or conditions of the waiver, or is likely to have in operation a satellite-based train control system by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall revoke the waiver. SEC. 5. AUTOMATIC TRAIN ESCAPE DEVICE STUDY. (a) Study.--later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01130", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00172", "text": "Photo Credit: Warner Bros. Pictures Yes, you read that correctly. Harry Potter! Arrested! Weed! Advertisement But no, I’m elliptically referring to Daniel Radcliffe. And I’m operating under some delusion that Harry Potter and his lot exist—although, in the midst of our current national nightmare, I have often fantasized about Hogwarts. I’m referring to Harry Potter, a 19-year-old from York, England, who was found in possession of marijuana, as well as cash presumably earned from selling it. There are of course many dumb, wizard-related jokes to make, but I’m afraid I’m a spoilsport. That said, I invite the rest of you to bask in the possibilities. Advertisement According to USA Today, Potter was riding his moped—go ahead, pause to make a broomstick joke—when a police officer stopped him, alerted by “a strong smell of cannabis.” After discovering the weed and cash, the officer arrested Potter, and his case was sent to trial. Apparently Potter’s lawyer argued that his client wasn’t really dealing, just procuring extra pot for his friends and charging the same price he had paid. But I don’t think anyone is especially invested in the nitty-gritty details of Potter’s legal troubles—he just has an unfortunate name. Or perhaps it has worked to his benefit! If he began a weed delivery service, he’d have plenty of options for a logo, and of course Potter offers some wordplay opportunities. In any case, I release you to the comments, where you may make merry with this information. I think we can all agree, however, that wizards probably have far better drugs than muggles. Sponsored (Oh, and for what it’s worth: multiple sorting hat quizzes, including the Pottermore one, have told me that I’m a Ravenclaw.)", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00677", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00173", "text": ".--Section 1847(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-3(a)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (3)(B), by inserting ``of at least 10 percent'' after ``significant savings''; and (2) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: ``(D) Requirement for significant savings.--The Secretary shall implement a program under this section with respect to an item or service unless the Secretary demonstrates a probability of achieving significant savings of at least 10 percent, compared to the fee schedule in effect on January 1, 2006, by including the item or service in the program.''. (d) Comparability Analysis.--Section 1834(a)(1) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(a)(1)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (F), by inserting ``subject to subparagraph (G),'' after ``2009,''; and (2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs: ``(G) Requirement for comparability analysis before implementation.--The Secretary may implement subparagraph (F) with respect to the application of rates in an area that is a competitive acquisition area under section 1847 unless the Secretary has completed and published in the Federal Register a comparability analysis to ensure the application is appropriate. The comparability analysis shall include at least an analysis of the relative costs of providing the particular items and services in the respective metropolitan statistical areas and an assessment of whether application of the bid rate in an area that is a competitive acquisition area would adversely impact beneficiary access to quality items and services. ``(H) Application of comparability analysis requirement to certain other part b items and services.--Subparagraph (G) shall also apply to the implementation of section 1847(a) with respect to items described in paragraph (2)(B) or (2)(C) of such section that are furnished on or after January 1, 2009.''. (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall be effective as if included in the enactment of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-173).", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 450, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01110", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00174", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Medicare Enhancements for Needed Drugs Act of 2005''. SEC. 2. GAO STUDIES AND REPORTS ON PRICES OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS. (a) Review and Reports on Retail Prices of Prescription Drugs.-- (1) Initial review.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a review of the retail cost of prescription drugs in the United States during 2000 through 2003, with an emphasis on the prescription drugs most utilized for individuals age 65 or older. (2) Subsequent review.--After conducting the review under paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall continuously review the retail cost of such drugs through April 1, 2006, to determine the changes in such costs. (3) Reports.-- (A) Initial review.--later than September 1, 2005, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the initial review conducted under paragraph (1). (B) Subsequent review.--later than July 1, 2006, January 1, 2007, and July 1, 2007, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the subsequent review conducted under paragraph (2). (b) Annual GAO Study and Report on Retail and Acquisition Prices of Certain Prescription Drugs.-- (1) Ongoing study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an ongoing study that compares the average retail cost in the United States for each of the 20 most utilized prescription drugs for individuals age 65 or older with-- (A) the average price at which private health plans acquire each such drug; (B) the average price at which the Department of Defense under the Defense Health Program acquires each such drug; (C) the average price at which the Department of Veterans Affairs under the laws administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs acquires each such drug; and (D) the average negotiated price for each such drug that eligible beneficiaries enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part D of title XVIII of the Social Security Act, as added by section 101 of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-173), that provides only basic prescription drug coverage have access to under such plans. (2) Annual report.--later than December 1, 2007, and annually thereafter", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00881", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00175", "text": "is a little nervous. Strange, who now works for Fox Sports as the on-course analyst, won the 1989 U.S. Open at Oak Hill to become the first player since Ben Hogan (1950-51) to win the U.S. Open in consecutive years. \"Move over, Ben,\" Strange famously said after his second title. \"I've got to tell you, it's tailor-made for Dustin Johnson,\" Strange said after his first look at the course. The Masters (three times) and the PGA Championship in stroke play (twice, by Tiger Woods) have fewer back-to-back winners than the U.S. Open, but it's the major that has gone the longest with a repeat winner. The closest call for Strange was in 2005 when defending champion Retief Goosen had a three-shot lead at Pinehurst No. 2. He shot 81 in the final round. Four-time champion Jack Nicklaus went back-to-back. did Woods. \"You've got to be lucky, have it be the right time,\" Strange said. \"Dustin is more dominant than anybody who has ever done it back-to-back because of his length and the whole bit. But you still have to do it.\" Johnson starts out Thursday morning with the last two U.S. Open champions, Martin Kaymer and Jordan Spieth. It's a comfortable group, especially with Spieth, a close friend, his partner from the Presidents Cup and his regular pro partner in recent years at the AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am. Plus, he has the personality for the U.S. Open. It's a mental test, and Johnson's brain is very cluttered. Paulina Gretzky gave birth to their second child on Monday in Los Angeles. He flew to Wisconsin on Tuesday and got in 18 holes. He played nine holes Wednesday. Asked how he handled the range of emotions for such a whirlwind week, Johnson shrugged. \"You just do it,\" he said. \"I wish I had an explanation on how I do it, but I do.... But now I've got to play golf. This is why I'm here. I'm here to play golf. I'm here to compete.\"", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 448, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00748", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00176", "text": "ray reviewed the memo over the weekend. Rep. Trey Gowdy, R-S.C., who was with Wray when he reviewed the memo, said the FBI director did raise any national security concerns with him. Gowdy said the memo does reveal any intelligence methods but it does reveal \"one source.\" But Rep. Adam Schiff of California, the ranking Democrat on the committee, said Wray told him Monday that the review did satisfy his concerns about the memo's release. Wray wanted to brief the committee about FBI and Justice Department concerns ahead of any release, a request committee Republicans blocked, Schiff said. On Tuesday, White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders pushed back on reports that the release was imminent, saying the White House has no \"current plans\" to do so. \"The President has seen or been briefed on the memo or reviewed its contents,\" she said. A senior White House official said the National Security Council is leading an interagency review of the memo. If Trump decides to release the memo, it could be made public as early as Wednesday afternoon, said the official who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss confidential internal deliberations. So far, the official said, the Justice Department is the only agency opposing its release. Asked Tuesday about the department's position on the memo's release, Justice Department spokeswoman Sarah Isgur Flores declined comment. Republicans said they are confident the release will harm national security. They also said they would release the underlying intelligence that informed the memo. \"You'll see for yourself that it's necessary,\" said Texas Rep. Mike Conaway of Texas, who's leading the House's Russia investigation. But Schiff said the memo's release could compromise intelligence sources and methods. Some Republican senators have also said they do want to release the memo, and Democrats have pushed back on Republican criticism of the FBI, saying it is an attempt to discredit Mueller's investigation. The probe has already resulted in charges against four of Trump's former campaign advisers and has recently moved closer to Trump's inner circle. In response, Democrats on the panel have put together their own memo. On Monday, the committee voted to make the Democratic memo available to all House members — but the public. Conaway said he was open to making it public after House members have a chance to review it. Separately Tuesday, the House committee's interview with former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon was delayed, according to two people familiar with the decision. The people spoke", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00713", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00177", "text": "applicant will eventually assume responsibility for all of the costs for such officers;''; and (2) by striking subsection (d). (c) Renewal of Grants.--Section 1703 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796dd-2) is amended to read as follows: ``SEC. 1703. RENEWAL OF GRANTS. ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), a grant made under this part may be renewed, with limitations on the duration of such renewal, to provide additional funds if the Attorney General determines that the funds made available to the recipient were used in a manner required under an approved application and if the recipient can demonstrate significant progress in achieving the objectives of the initial application. ``(b) Grants for Hiring.--Grants made under this part for hiring or rehiring additional career law enforcement officers may be renewed for up to 5 years, except that the Attorney General may waive such 5-year limitation for good cause. ``(c) Cost Extensions.--Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), the Attorney General may extend a grant period, with limitations as to the duration of such extension, to provide additional time to complete the objectives of the initial grant award.''. (d) Limitation on Use of Funds.--Section 1704 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796dd-3) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) by striking ``that would, in the absence of Federal funds received under this part, be made available from State or local sources'' and inserting ``that the Attorney General determines would, in the absence of Federal funds received under this part, be made available for the purpose of the grant under this part from State or local sources''; and (B) by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``The preceding sentence shall apply with respect to funds made available under this part by a grant made pursuant to subsection (a) for the purposes described in subsection (b)(4).''; and (2) by striking subsection (c). (e) Study of Program Effectiveness.--Section 1705 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796dd-4) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01080", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00178", "text": "following: ``(4) Exclusivity.--The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services shall be the exclusive component of the Department of Justice to perform the functions and activities specified in this part.''; (8) in subsection (g), as so redesignated, by striking ``may utilize any component'', and all that follows and inserting ``shall use the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services of the Department of Justice in carrying out this part.''; (9) in subsection (h), as so redesignated-- (A) by striking ``subsection (a)'' the first place that term appears and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b)''; and (B) by striking ``in each fiscal year pursuant to subsection (a)'' and inserting ``in each fiscal year for purposes described in paragraph (1) and (2) of subsection (b)''; (10) in subsection (i), as so redesignated-- (A) by striking ``the Federal share shall decrease from year to year for up to 5 years'' and inserting ``unless the Attorney General waives the non-Federal contribution requirement as described in the preceding sentence, the non-Federal share of the costs of hiring or rehiring such officers may be less than 25 percent of such costs for any year during the grant period, provided that the non-Federal share of such costs shall be less than 25 percent in the aggregate for the entire grant period, but the State or local government should make an effort to increase the non-Federal share of such costs during the grant period''; and (B) by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``The preceding sentences shall apply with respect to any program, project, or activity provided by a grant made pursuant to subsection (b)(4).''; and (11) by adding at the end the following: ``(j) Retention of Additional Officer Positions.--For any grant under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) for hiring or rehiring career law enforcement officers, a grant recipient shall retain each additional law enforcement officer position created under that grant for less than 12 months after the end of the period of that grant, unless the Attorney General waives, wholly or in part, the retention requirement of such grant. ``(k) Treatment of Grant for Hiring Civilian Forensic Analysts and Laboratory Personnel.--A grant awarded under this section for hiring and", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01079", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00179", "text": "The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory (LIGO) has recently reached the end of its fifth science run (S5), having collected more than a year worth of data. Analysis of the data is still ongoing but a positive detection of gravitational waves, while possible, is realistically expected for most likely sources. This is particularly true for what concerns gravitational waves from known pulsars. In fact, even under the most optimistic (and very realistic) assumption that all the pulsar's observed spin-down is due to gravitational waves, the gravitational wave strain at earth from all the known isolated pulsars (with the only notable exception of the Crab pulsar) would be strong enough to be detectable by existing detectors. By August 2006, LIGO had produced enough data for a coherent integration capable to extract signal from noise that was weaker than the one expected from the Crab pulsar's spin-down limit. signal was detected, but beating the spin-down limit is a considerable achievement for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC). It is customary to translate the upper limit on strain from a pulsar into a more astrophysically significant upper limit on ellipticity. Once the spin-down limit has been beaten, it is possible to release the constraint that all the spin-down is due to gravitational wave emission. A more complete model with diverse braking mechanisms can be used to set limits on several astrophysical parameters of the pulsar. This paper shows possible values of such parameters for the Crab pulsar given the current limit on gravitational waves from this neutron star.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00465", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00180", "text": "National Affordable Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 5306 note) is amended by striking ``Act shall apply only with respect to fiscal years 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994'' and inserting ``section shall apply to fiscal years after fiscal year 1995''. (b) CDBG Public Services Limitations.--Section 105(a)(8) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5305(a)(8)) is amended-- (1) by striking ``and'' after ``under this paragraph,''; (2) by striking ``fiscal year 1994'' and inserting ``fiscal years 1994 and 1995''; and (3) by inserting before the semicolon at the end the following: ``, and except that of any amount of assistance under this title (including program income) to the Cities of Fairfield, Vallejo, Napa, and Vacaville, in California, such cities may use more than 20 percent in fiscal year 1995 for activities under this paragraph''; (c) Use of Grant Amounts.-- (1) Pittsburgh, pennsylvania.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, may retain any amounts provided under an urban development action grant for Project No. B-86-AA-42-0275 and use such funds for the Central Pittsburgh Plaza project, if such project is commenced later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) Wilkes-barre, pennsylvania.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the city of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, may retain any amounts provided under an urban development action grant for Project No. B-87-AA-42-1211 and use such funds for the Northeastern Pennsylvania Economic Development project, if such project is commenced later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act. (3) Richmond, virginia.--The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall cancel the indebtedness of the city of Richmond, Virginia, relating to the categorical program settlement grant provided to the city to settle four urban renewal programs (Project No. B-78-UR-51-0019). The city of Richmond, Virginia, is hereby relieved of all liability to the Federal Government for such grant and any fees and charges payable in connection with such grant. (4) Lockport township,", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00949", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00181", "text": ", her longtime attorney James Wright filed an emergency petition seeking to be named successor trustee to all of her trust assets, saying in court documents that Kawananakoa is \"impaired as a result of an acute stroke.\" Two days later, a judge granted the request. In August, attorney Michael Lilly wrote a letter to the judge saying he now represents Kawananakoa and he strongly contests any contention she is incompetent. Lawyers for the heiress dispute she had a stroke, saying in court papers it was a transient ischemic attack, which has similar symptoms but caused permanent damage. Wright's court filings also raise allegations that Veronica Gail Worth, Kawananakoa's 64-year-old wife, physically abused her. Kawananakoa or Worth responded to requests for comment from The Associated Press. However, Kawananakoa's attorney said in court papers the abuse claims are false and that Kawananakoa fell and \"struck furniture, which caused the bruising, which is uncommon at someone her age.\" A judge in September appointed a special master to independently investigate the heiress's mental capacity and the abuse allegations. Kawananakoa largely avoids airing her personal life, and some who know her say even her Oct. 1 wedding at the home of a retired state Supreme Court justice came as a surprise. But she has occasionally drawn attention over the years, including in 1993, when one of her horses won $1 million in New Mexico's All American Futurity. Five years later, furor erupted after Kawananakoa sat on a palace throne for a Life magazine photo shoot. She damaged some of its fragile threads, but repairs were made and the throne was returned to the palace throne room. Still, the uproar led to Kawananakoa's ouster as president of Friends of Iolani Palace, a position she held for more than 25 years. Some Hawaiians, such as well-known activist Walter Ritte, are interested in revering her genealogy or wealth. Hawaiians, especially those who live in poverty, can relate to her, Ritte said. \"She has given some money here and there,\" he said. \"She could have done a lot more for Hawaiians.\" The court battle focusing on Kawananakoa's age and health has others reflecting on her as a final living reminder of Hawaii's monarchy and as a symbol of a proud Hawaiian national identity that has endured. \"It is fair to", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00802", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00182", "text": "paragraph (2) as paragraph (4); and (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following: ``(2) Minimum amounts.--The minimum amount of the grant a State is entitled to receive under this section is-- ``(A) the number of children with disabilities in the State who are receiving special education and related services-- ``(i) aged 3 through 5 if the State is eligible for a grant under section 619; and ``(ii) aged 6 through 21; multiplied by ``(B) the following percentages of the average current per-pupil expenditure in public elementary and secondary schools in the United States for the following fiscal years: ``(i) 20 percent for fiscal year 2002. ``(ii) 22 percent for fiscal year 2003. ``(iii) 24 percent for fiscal year 2004. ``(iv) 26 percent for fiscal year 2005. ``(v) 28 percent for fiscal year 2006. ``(vi) 30 percent for fiscal year 2007. ``(vii) 32 percent for fiscal year 2008. ``(viii) 34 percent for fiscal year 2009. ``(ix) 37 percent for fiscal year 2010. ``(x) 40 percent for fiscal year 2011 and each subsequent fiscal year. ``(3) individual entitlement.--Paragraph (2) shall be interpreted to entitle any individual to assistance under any State program, project, or activity funded under this part.''. (b) Conforming Amendments.--(1) Section 611 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1411) is amended by striking subsection (j). (2) Section 611 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1411), as amended by paragraph (1), is further amended-- (A) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``From the amount appropriated for any fiscal year under subsection (j), the Secretary shall reserve more than one percent, which shall be used'' and inserting ``From the amount available for any fiscal year to carry out this part (other than section 619), the Secretary shall use more than one percent''; (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``From the amount appropriated for any fiscal year under subsection (j), the Secretary shall reserve'' and inserting ``From the amount available for any fiscal year to carry out this part (other", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01009", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00183", "text": "This work discusses the possible empirical verification of the geometrical concept of homogeneity of the standard relativistic cosmology considering its various definitions of distance. We study the physical consequences of the distinction between the usual concept of spatial homogeneity (SH), as defined by the Cosmological Principle, and the concept of observational homogeneity (OH), arguing that OH is in principle falsifiable by means of astronomical observations, whereas verifying SH is only possible indirectly. Simulated counts of cosmological sources are produced by means of a generalized number-distance expression that can be specialized to produce either the counts of the Einstein-de Sitter (EdS) cosmology, which has SH by construction, or other types of counts, which do, or do not, have OH by construction. Expressions for observational volumes and differential densities are derived with the various cosmological distance definitions in the EdS model. Simulated counts that have OH by construction do always exhibit SH features. The reverse situation is also true. Besides, simulated counts with OH features at low redshift start showing OH characteristics at high redshift. The comoving distance seems to be the only distance definition where both SH and OH appear simultaneously. The results show that observations indicating possible lack of OH do necessarily falsify the standard Friedmannian cosmology, meaning that this cosmology will necessarily always produce observable homogeneous densities. The general conclusion is that the use of different cosmological distances in the characterization of the galaxy distribution lead to significant ambiguities in reaching conclusions about the behavior of the large-scale galaxy distribution in the Universe.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 310, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00399", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00184", "text": "Aiming at a better understand of the physical and chemical processes in the hot molecular core stage of high-mass star formation, we observed the prototypical hot core G29.96-0.02 in the 862mu band with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at sub-arcsecond spatial resolution. The observations resolved the hot molecular core into six submm continuum sources with the finest spatial resolution of 0.36''x0.25'' (~1800AU) achieved so far. Four of them located within 7800(AU)^2 comprise a proto-Trapezium system with estimated protostellar densities of 1.4x0^5 protostars/pc^3. The plethora of ~80 spectral lines allows us to study the molecular outflow(s), the core kinematics, the temperature structure of the region as well as chemical effects. The derived hot core temperatures are of the order 300K. We find interesting chemical spatial differentiations, e.g., C34S is deficient toward the hot core and is enhanced at the UCHII/hot core interface, which may be explained by temperature sensitive desorption from grains and following gas phase chemistry. The SiO(8-7) emission outlines likely two molecular outflows emanating from this hot core region. Emission from most other molecules peaks centrally on the hot core and is dominated by any individual submm peak. Potential reasons for that are discussed. A few spectral lines that are associated with the main submm continuum source, show a velocity gradient perpendicular to the large-scale outflow. Since this velocity structure comprises three of the central protostellar sources, this is a Keplerian disk. While the data are consistent with a gas core that may rotate and/or collapse, we can exclude the outflow(s) and/or nearby expanding UCHII region as possible alternative causes of this velocity pattern.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 383, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00002", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00185", "text": "Millisecond dips in the RXTE/PCA archival data of Sco X-1 taken from 1996 to 2002 were reported recently. Those dips were found to be most likely caused by instrumental dead time but may also contain some true astronomical events, which were interpreted as the occultation of X-rays from Sco X-1 by Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNO) of 100-m size. Here we report the results of search for millisecond dip events with the new RXTE/PCA data of Sco X-1 taken in year 2007. Adopting the same selection criteria as that in the previous study, we found only 3 dip events in 72-ks data, much fewer than the 107 events found in the 560-ks data taken from 1996 to 2002 reported earlier. The new data provides more detailed information of individual `very large events' (VLEs), which is available in the old archival data. Although the number of VLEs does obviously increase during the occurrence of dip events, all the 3 dip events are coincident in time with VLEs that have flags set for any of the propane or the 6 main xenon anodes. It is a strong indication of instrumental effects. significant dips which might be real occultation by 60 -- 100 m TNOs were observed. With only 72-ks data, however, the previously proposed possibility that about 10 percent of the dip events might be instrumental still can be strictly excluded. Using the absence of those anomalous VLEs as the criterion for identifying non-instrumental dip events, we found, at a lower confidence level, 4 dip events of duration 8 - 10 ms in the 72-ks data. Upper limits to the size distribution of TNOs at the small size end are suggested.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 380, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00388", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00186", "text": "In the theory of operator quantum error correction (OQEC), the notion of correctability is defined under the assumption that states are perfectly initialized inside a particular subspace, a factor of which (a subsystem) contains the protected information. If the initial state of the system does belong entirely to the subspace in question, the restriction of the state to the otherwise correctable subsystem may remain invariant after the application of noise and error correction. It is known that in the case of decoherence-free subspaces and subsystems (DFSs) the condition for perfect unitary evolution inside the code imposes more restrictive conditions on the noise process if one allows imperfect initialization. It was believed that these conditions are necessary if DFSs are to be able to protect imperfectly encoded states from subsequent errors. By a similar argument, general OQEC codes would also require more restrictive error-correction conditions for the case of imperfect initialization. In this study, we examine this requirement by looking at the errors on the encoded state. In order to quantitatively analyze the errors in an OQEC code, we introduce a measure of the fidelity between the encoded information in two states for the case of subsystem encoding. A major part of the paper concerns the definition of the measure and the derivation of its properties. In contrast to what was previously believed, we obtain that more restrictive conditions are necessary for DFSs or for general OQEC codes. This is because the effective noise that can arise inside the code as a result of imperfect initialization is such that it can only increase the fidelity of an imperfectly encoded state with a perfectly encoded one.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 322, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00168", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00187", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Domestic Energy Promotion Act of 2011''. SEC. 2. VARIABLE VEETC RATE BASED ON PRICE OF CRUDE OIL. (a) Excise Tax Credit.-- (1) In general.--Subparagraph (A) of section 6426(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended-- (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of clause (i), (B) by inserting ``and before 2012'' after ``2008'' in clause (ii), (C) by striking the period at the end of clause (ii) and inserting ``, and'', and (D) by adding at the end the following new clauses: ``(iii) in the case of calendar year 2012, 20 cents, ``(iv) in the case of calendar year 2013, 15 cents, and ``(v) in the case of calendar quarters beginning after 2013, the applicable rate determined in accordance with the following table: ``If the average price of crude oil The applicable rate for during the preceding calendar the calendar quarter is: quarter is: more than $50/barrel........................... 30 cents More than $50 but more than $60/barrel......... 24 cents More than $60 but more than $70/barrel......... 18 cents More than $70 but more than $80/barrel......... 12 cents More than $80 but more than $90/barrel......... 6 cents More than $90/barrel............................... 0 cents. For purposes of the preceding table, the average price of crude oil for any calendar quarter shall be the average 3-month futures price on the New York Mercantile Exchange for light sweet crude oil for such calendar quarter.''. (2) Extension of tax credit or payment.--Sections 6426(b)(6) and 6427(e)(6)(A) of such Code are each amended by striking ``2011'' and inserting ``2016''. (b) Income Tax Credit.-- (1) In general.--The table contained in section 40(h)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended-- (A) by striking ``calendar year'' in the heading for the first column, (B) by inserting ``Calendar year'' before ``2001'', (C) by inserting ``Calendar year'' before", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00971", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00188", "text": "A selection of ultracool dwarfs are known to be radio active, with both gyrosynchrotron emission and the electron cyclotron maser instability being given as likely emission mechanisms. To explore whether ultracool dwarfs previously undetected at 8.5 GHz may be detectable at a lower frequency. We select a sample of fast rotating ultracool dwarfs with detectable radio activity at 8.5 GHz, observing each of them at 4.9 GHz. From the 8 dwarfs in our sample, we detect emission from 2MASS J07464256+2000321, with a mean flux level of 286 $\\pm$ 24 $\\mu Jy$. The light-curve of 2MASS J07464256+2000321, is dominated towards the end of the observation by a very bright, $\\approx $100 % left circularly polarized burst during which the flux reached 2.4 mJy. The burst was preceded by a raise in the level of activity, with the average flux being $\\approx$ 160 $\\mu Jy$ in the first hour of observation rising to $\\approx$ 400 $\\mu Jy$ in the 40 minutes before the burst. During both periods, there is significant variability. The detection of 100% circular polarization in the emission at 4.9 GHz points towards the electron cyclotron maser as the emission mechanism. However, the observations at 4.9 GHz and 8.5 GHz were simultaneous, thus the actual fraction of dwarfs capable of producing radio emission, as well as the fraction of those that show periodic pulsations is still unclear, as indeed are the relative roles played by the electron cyclotron maser instability versus gyrosynchrotron emission, therefore we can assert if the previous non-detection at 8.5 GHz was due to a cut-off in emission between 4.9 and 8.4 GHz, or due to long term variability.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 408, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00410", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00189", "text": "such plan shall, in connection with such negotiations, be exempt from the Federal antitrust laws. (b) Limitation.-- (1) new right for collective cessation of service.--The exemption provided in subsection (a) shall confer any new right to participate in any collective cessation of service to patients already permitted by existing law. (2) change in national labor relations act.--This section applies only to health care professionals excluded from the National Labor Relations Act. Nothing in this section shall be construed as changing or amending any provision of the National Labor Relations Act, or as affecting the status of any group of persons under that Act. (c) Application to Federal Programs.--Nothing in this section shall apply to negotiations between health care professionals and health plans pertaining to benefits provided under any of the following: (1) The medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.). (2) The medicaid program under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.). (3) The SCHIP program under title XXI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397aa et seq.). (4) Chapter 55 of title 10, United States Code (relating to medical and dental care for members of the uniformed services). (5) Chapter 17 of title 38, United States Code (relating to Veterans' medical care). (6) Chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code (relating to the Federal employees' health benefits program). (7) The Indian Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.). (d) Definitions.--For purposes of this section: (1) Federal antitrust laws.--The term ``Federal antitrust laws'' has the meaning the term ``antitrust laws'' in subsection (a) of the first section of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12(a)), except that such term includes section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent such section 5 applies to unfair methods of competition. (2) Health plan and related terms.-- (A) In general.--The term ``health plan'' means a group health plan or a health insurance issuer that is offering health insurance coverage. (B) Health insurance coverage; health insurance issuer.--The terms ``health insurance", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00885", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00190", "text": "We study the effects of box size on ENZO simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z = 2. We follow statistics of the cold dark matter (CDM) and the Lya absorption. We find that the larger boxes have fewer pixels with significant absorption (flux < 0.96) and more pixels in longer stretches with little or absorption, and they have wider Lya lines. We trace these effect back to the additional power in larger boxes from longer wavelength modes. The IGM in our larger boxes is hotter, from increased pressure heating due to faster hydrodynamical infall. When we increase the photoheating in smaller boxes to compensate, their Lya statistics change to mimic those of a box of twice the size. Statistics converge towards their value in the largest (76.8 Mpc) box, except for the most common value of the CDM density which continues to rise. When we compare to errors with data, we find that our 76.8 Mpc box is larger than we need for the mean flux, barely large enough for the column density distribution and the power spectrum of the flux, and too small for the line widths. This box with 75 kpc cells has approximately the same mean flux as QSO spectra, but the Lya lines are too wide by 2.6 km/s, there are too few lines with log H I column densities > 10^17 cm^-2, and the power of the flux is too low by 20 - 50%, from small to large scales. Four times smaller cell size does resolve these differences, or do simple changes to the ultraviolet background that drives the H and He II ionization. It is hard to see how simulations using popular cosmological and astrophysical parameters can match Lyman-alpha forest data at z=2.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 374, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00218", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00191", "text": "We have used spectra of hot stars from the RAVE Survey in order to investigate the visibility and properties of five diffuse interstellar bands previously reported in the literature. The RAVE spectroscopic survey for Galactic structure and kinematics records CCD spectra covering the 8400-8800 Ang wavelength region at 7500 resolving power. The spectra are obtained with the UK Schmidt at the AAO, equipped with the 6dF multi-fiber positioner. The DIB at 8620.4 Ang is by far the strongest and cleanest of all DIBs occurring within the RAVE wavelength range, with interference by underlying absorption stellar lines in hot stars. It correlates so tightly with reddening that it turns out to be a reliable tool to measure it, following the relation E(B-V) = 2.72 (+/- 0.03) x E.W.(Ang), valid throughout the general interstellar medium of our Galaxy. The presence of a DIB at 8648 Ang is confirmed. Its intensity appears unrelated to reddening, in agreement with scanty and preliminary reports available in the literature, and its measurability is strongly compromised by severe blending with underlying stellar HeI doublet at 8649 Ang. The two weak DIBS at 8531 and 8572 Ang do appear real and should actually be blends of underlying stellar lines. The very weak DIB at 8439 Ang can be resolved within the profile of the much stronger underlying hydrogen Paschen 18 stellar line.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 305, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00492", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00192", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Domestic Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act of 2001''. SEC. 2. BENEFITS TO DOMESTIC PARTNERS OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES. (a) In General.--A domestic partner of an employee shall be entitled to benefits available to and obligations imposed upon a spouse of an employee. (b) Certification of Eligibility.--In order to obtain benefits under this Act, an employee shall file an affidavit of eligibility for benefits with the Office of Personnel Management certifying that the employee and the domestic partner of the employee-- (1) are each other's sole domestic partner and intend to remain so indefinitely; (2) have a common residence, and intend to continue the arrangement; (3) are at least 18 years of age and mentally competent to consent to contract; (4) share responsibility for a significant measure of each other's common welfare and financial obligations; (5) are married to or domestic partners with anyone else; (6) understand that willful falsification of information within the affidavit may lead to disciplinary action and the recovery of the cost of benefits received related to such falsification; and (7)(A) are same sex domestic partners, and related in a way that, if the 2 were of opposite sex, would prohibit legal marriage in the state in which they reside; or (B) are opposite sex domestic partners, and are related in a way that would prohibit legal marriage in the state in which they reside. (c) Dissolution of Partnership.-- (1) In general.--An employee or domestic partner of an employee who obtains benefits under this Act shall file a statement of dissolution of the domestic partnership with the Office of Personnel Management later than 30 days after the death of the employee or the domestic partner or the date of dissolution of the domestic partnership. (2) Death of employee.--In a case in which an employee dies, the domestic partner of the employee at the time of death shall be deemed a spouse of the employee for the purpose of receiving benefits under this Act. (3) Other dissolution of partnership.-- (A) In general.--In a case in which a domestic partnership dissolves by a method other than death of the employee or domestic partner of the employee, any benefits received by the domestic partner as a result of this Act shall terminate. (B) Exception.--In a case in which a domestic", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00959", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00193", "text": "itation of proposals for projects eligible for financial assistance under section 5; (2) encourage submission of proposals for projects eligible for financial assistance under section 5, particularly proposals from relevant wildlife management authorities; (3) select proposals for financial assistance that satisfy the requirements of section 5, giving priority to proposals that address conservation needs adequately addressed by existing efforts and that are supported by relevant wildlife management authorities; and (4) generally implement this Act in accordance with its purposes. SEC. 7. COOPERATION. (a) In General.--In carrying out this Act, the Secretary shall-- (1) support and coordinate existing efforts to conserve neotropical migratory bird species, through-- (A) facilitating meetings among persons involved in such efforts; (B) promoting the exchange of information among such persons; (C) developing and entering into agreements with other Federal agencies, foreign, State, and local governmental agencies, and nongovernmental organizations; and (D) conducting such other activities as the Secretary considers to be appropriate; and (2) coordinate activities and projects under this Act with existing efforts in order to enhance conservation of neotropical migratory bird species. (b) Advisory Group.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary may establish an advisory group in accordance with this subsection to advise the Secretary regarding the implementation of this Act. (2) Membership.--An advisory group established under this subsection shall consist of individuals who represent public and private organizations that are actively involved in the conservation of neotropical migratory birds. (3) Public participation.-- (A) Meetings.--An advisory group established under this subsection shall-- (i) ensure that each meeting of the advisory group is open to the public; and (ii) provide, at each meeting of the advisory group, an opportunity for interested persons to present oral or written statements concerning items on the agenda for the meeting. (B) Notice.--The Secretary shall provide to the public timely notice of each meeting of the advisory group. (C) Minutes.--The Secretary shall keep and make available to the public minutes of each meeting of the advisory group. (4) Exemption.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C.) shall apply to the establishment and activities of an advisory group in accordance with this subsection. SEC. 8. REPORT TO CONGRESS. later than October 1, 2002, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the results and effectiveness of the program", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01097", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00194", "text": "We present observations of rotational lines of H2S, SO and CS performed in comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) in March 1997 with the Plateau de Bure interferometer (IRAM). The observations provide informations on the spatial and velocity distributions of these molecules. They can be used to constrain their photodissociation rate and their origin. We use a radiative transfer code which allows us to compute synthetic line profiles and interferometric maps, to be compared to the observations. Both single-dish spectra and interferometric spectral maps show a day/night asymmetry in the outgassing. From the analysis of the spectral maps, including the astrometry, we show that SO and CS present in addition a jet-like structure that may be the gaseous counterpart of the dust high-latitude jet observed in optical images. A CS rotating jet is also observed. Using the astrometry provided by continuum radio maps obtained in parallel, we conclude that there is need to invoke of nongravitational forces acting on this comet, and provide an updated orbit. The radial extension of H2S is found to be consistent with direct release from the nucleus. SO displays an extended radial distribution. Assuming that SO2 is the parent of SO, the photodissociation rate of SO is measured to be 1.5 E-4 s-1 at 1 AU from the Sun. This is lower than most laboratory-based estimates and may suggest that SO is solely produced by SO2 photolysis. From the observations of J(2-1) and J(5-4) CS lines, we deduce a CS photodissociation rate of 1 to 5 E-5 s-1. The photodissociation rate of CS2, the likely parent of CS, can be constrained due to insufficient resolution, but our data are consistent with published values. These observations illustrate the cometary science that will be performed with the future ALMA interferometer.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 410, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00170", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00195", "text": "Evidence is growing for a class of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) characterized by an initial ~0.1-1 s spike of hard radiation followed, after a ~3-10 s lull in emission, by a softer period of extended emission lasting ~10-100 s. In a few well-studied cases, these ``short GRBs with extended emission'' show evidence for a bright associated supernova (SN). We propose that these events are produced by the formation and early evolution of a highly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star (a ``proto-magnetar'') which is formed from the accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of a white dwarf (WD), the merger and collapse of a WD-WD binary, or, perhaps, the merger of a double neutron star binary. The initial emission spike is powered by accretion onto the proto-magnetar from a small disk that is formed during the AIC or merger event. The extended emission is produced by a relativistic wind that extracts the rotational energy of the proto-magnetar on a timescale ~10-100 s. The ~3-10 s delay between the prompt and extended emission is the time required for the newly-formed proto-magnetar to cool sufficiently that the neutrino-heated wind from its surface becomes ultra-relativistic. Because a proto-magnetar ejects little or Ni56 (< 1e-3 M_sun), these events should produce a bright SN-like transient. We model the extended emission from GRB060614 using spin-down calculations of a cooling proto-magnetar, finding reasonable agreement with observations for a magnetar with an initial rotation period of ~1 ms and a surface dipole field of ~3e15 G. If GRBs are indeed produced by AIC or WD-WD mergers, they should occur within a mixture of both early and late-type galaxies and should produce strong gravitational wave emission. An additional consequence of our model is the existence of X-ray flashes unaccompanied by a bright SN.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 411, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00242", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00196", "text": ", and maintain the new domain in accordance with this subsection; and (B) provide for the creation of an independent board, with diverse membership, which shall be responsible for-- (i) establishing written criteria for accepting registrants for the new domain and for any limitations applicable to the new domain; and (ii) ensuring that subscription rates or fees for obtaining a name for the new domain are as minimal as possible. (3) Other requirements.--The plan developed under section 102 may include such other requirements with respect to the new domain as the National Telecommunications and Information Administration and ICANN jointly consider appropriate. SEC. 102. SELECTION OF OPERATOR OF NEW DOMAIN. (a) Application Process.--The plan under this section shall establish a process for soliciting applications for the establishment of the new domain, which process shall-- (1) commence and complete later than 60 days after the expiration of the 30-day period referred to in section 101(a); (2) provide adequate notice to prospective applicants of-- (A) the opportunity to submit an application; and (B) the criteria for selection under subsection (b)(1); (3) include a fee for filing an application that does exceed the minimum amount reasonably estimated by ICANN to be necessary to recover its expenses under section 101 and this section; and (4) provide for reimbursement to applicants of any amounts collected in filing fees that exceed the actual amount of expenses of ICANN under section 101 and this section. (b) Selection Process.--The plan under this section shall establish a process for selection, from applications submitted pursuant to subsection (a), of an application for the establishment of the new domain meeting the requirements under section 101(b). Such selection process shall comply with the following requirements: (1) Criteria.--The selection shall be made pursuant to written, objective criteria designed to ensure that-- (A) the new domain is established, operated, and maintained in accordance with the requirements under section 101(b); and (B) the entity selected to establish, operate, and maintain the new domain is the applicant most capable and qualified to do so. (2) Initial review.--later than 60 days after the completion of the application period under subsection (a)(1), ICANN shall-- (A) review and apply the selection criteria established under paragraph (1) to each application submitted; and (B) based upon such criteria, select an application and award to the applicant a", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00869", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00197", "text": "It's set up for us to. But when we do win, and there is that little success that we have for ourselves, then we need to show it. Like, 'Look! Take that!'\" Players on both sides of the ball say the physical and mental back-and-forth both contribute to bad feelings. \"There's a lot that goes out there on the field that's behind the scenes,\" Raiders cornerback TJ Carrie said. \"You really do pay attention to it until there's an altercation.\" Whether it's a cornerback constantly jamming a receiver off the line, or a run-blocking wideout doing the shoving, those plays add up. That's aside from when a receiver is getting his catches, or even his targets. Or a DB keeps giving up gains. It all can lead to frustration — and lashing out. \"It's been going on for centuries,\" Cardinals receiver Larry Fitzgerald said. He knows some defenders will \"try to add unnecessary brutality to the game,\" he said, and there's way to avoid that. But when it comes to trash talk, Fitzgerald said: \"I'm about that. If you call out my name, I'm even going to acknowledge you. I just walk away.\" Certainly, these conflicts happen at other positions. Still, as Redskins cornerback-turned-safety DeAngelo Hall noted, it's harder to notice individual matchups along the line of scrimmage. \"We are kind of out there by ourselves, so when we're talking or battling, you can really see two guys face to face — as opposed to five vs. five, having the whole O-line and whole D-line there. I do know if there's more confrontation there than a defensive end and a left tackle, for example, but it's definitely more noticeable when receivers and DBs get to chirpin', because we're isolated,\" Hall said. \"At the end of the day, it's me vs. you on that island.\" Hall, whose 43 career interceptions lead active players, remembers when he was with the Falcons and faced the division-rival Panthers and now-retired receiver Steve Smith. \"Me and Steve had to be separated a couple of times,\" Hall said. \"It was always almost to blows. Then, after or before the game, it was all cordial. Just that competitiveness of me and him wanting to beat each other down sparked those intense exchanges.\" As for some of his other past foes? \"Me", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00771", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00198", "text": "We discuss the results of continued spectroscopic monitoring of the variable intermediate-velocity (IV) absorption at v = -38 km/s toward HD 219188. After reaching maxima in mid-2000, the column densities of both Na I and Ca II in that IV component declined by factors >= 2 by the end of 2006. Comparisons between HST/STIS echelle spectra obtained in 2001, 2003, and 2004 and HST/GHRS echelle spectra obtained in 1994--1995 indicate the following: (1) The absorption from the dominant species S II, O I, Si II, and Fe II is roughly constant in all four sets of spectra -- suggesting that the total N(H) and the (mild) depletions have changed significantly over a period of nearly ten years. (2) The column densities of the trace species C I (both ground and excited fine-structure states) and of the excited state C II* all increased by factors of 2--5 between 1995 and 2001 -- implying increases in the hydrogen density n_H (from about 20 cm^{-3} to about 45 cm^{-3}) and in the electron density n_e (by a factor >= 3) over that 6-year period. (3) The column densities of C I and C II* -- and the corresponding inferred n_H and n_e -- then decreased slightly between 2001 and 2004. (4) The changes in C I and C II* are very similar to those seen for Na I and Ca II. The relatively low total N(H) and the modest n_H suggest that the -38 km/s cloud toward HD 219188 is a very dense knot or filament. Partial ionization of hydrogen appears to be responsible for the enhanced abundances of Na I, C I, Ca II, and C II*. In this case, the variations in those species appear to reflect differences in density and ionization [and N(H)] over scales of tens of AU.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 421, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00095", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00199", "text": "We quantify the effect of supernova Type Ia peculiar velocities on the derivation of cosmological parameters. The published distant and local Ia SNe used for the Supernova Legacy Survey first-year cosmology report form the sample for this study. While previous work has assumed that the local SNe are at rest in the CMB frame (the Flow assumption), we test this assumption by applying peculiar velocity corrections to the local SNe using three different flow models. The models are based on the IRAS PSCz galaxy redshift survey, have varying beta = Omega_m^0.6/b, and reproduce the Local Group motion in the CMB frame. These datasets are then fit for w, Omega_m, and Omega_Lambda using flatness or LambdaCDM and a BAO prior. The chi^2 statistic is used to examine the effect of the velocity corrections on the quality of the fits. The most favored model is the beta=0.5 model, which produces a fit significantly better than the Flow assumption, consistent with previous peculiar velocity studies. By comparing the Flow assumption with the favored models we derive the largest potential systematic error in w caused by ignoring peculiar velocities to be Delta w = +0.04. For Omega_Lambda, the potential error is Delta Omega_Lambda = -0.04 and for Omega_m, the potential error is Delta Omega_m < +0.01. The favored flow model (beta=0.5) produces the following cosmological parameters: w = -1.08 (+0.09,-0.08), Omega_m = 0.27 (+0.02,-0.02) assuming a flat cosmology, and Omega_Lambda = 0.80 (+0.08,-0.07) and Omega_m = 0.27 (+0.02,-0.02) for a w = -1 (LambdaCDM) cosmology.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 385, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00015", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00200", "text": "3. INDIAN TRIBAL NEEDS ASSESSMENT. (a) Indian Tribal Needs Assessments.-- (1) Immediate assessment.-- (A) In general.--later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior shall contract with an appropriate entity, in consultation and coordination with the Indian tribes, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Attorney General, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the heads of any other relevant Federal departments or agencies, for the development of a uniform method and criteria, and uniform procedures for determining, analyzing, and compiling the program and service assistance needs of Indian tribes and Indians by each such department or agency. The needs assessment shall address, but be limited to, the following: (i) The location of the service area of each program. (ii) The size of the service area of each program. (iii) The total population of each tribe located in the service area. (iv) The total population of members of other tribes located in the service area. (v) The availability of similar programs within the geographical area to tribes or tribal members. (vi) The socio-economic conditions that exist within the service area. (B) Consultation.--The contractor shall consult with tribal governments in establishing and conducting the needs assessment required under subparagraph (A). (2) Ongoing federal needs assessments.-- (A) In general.--later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 5 years thereafter, each Federal department or agency, in coordination with the Secretary of the Interior, shall conduct an Indian Needs Assessment (in this Act referred to as the ``INA'') aimed at determining the actual needs of Indian tribes and Indians eligible for programs and services administered by such department or agency. (B) Submission to congress.--later than February 1 of any year in which an INA is required to be conducted under subparagraph (A), a copy of the INA shall be submitted to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate. (b) Federal Agency Indian Tribal Program Evaluation.-- (1) In", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00856", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00201", "text": "Sometimes you do know you need a feature until you discover it and put it to use for a bit. Then you wonder how you ever got your work done with it! That's how you might feel about Windows Tags. Yes, it's a Windows feature, but you can use Tags to manage Office files—and other file types as well. Whether you work alone or share files via a server or even OneDrive for Business, you can benefit from Tags. In this article, I'll show you how to add Tags to Office and non-Office files and how to search using those Tags. I'm working with Office 2016 (desktop) on a Windows 10 64-bit system. The Windows Tags property is available in older versions, back to Windows Vista. In Office, they've been available since at least Office 2007 (but maybe longer). There's downloadable demonstration file. You will need one. What are Tags? do confuse Office Smart Tags and Windows Tags; they are the same thing. Windows Tags are keywords used for organizing (searching) files. How you use them will depend on your needs, but anytime you're working with bulk files or sharing files for the same purpose, Tags can help. do limit their use to simply describing the file's contents, either. You can use Tags to describe how you use the file. For instance, you might use terms such as complete and complete to describe status. Or you might use the term upload to group files you need to upload to an external service such as OneDrive. Add a tag to an Office file Tags are a Windows file property, but you can add them when saving an Office file. During the save process, you'll see an Options link. It's quite possible that you've explored this link before. Let's take a look: With any Office file open, click the File tab and choose Save As in the left pane. Below the Filename and Location controls, click the More Options link (Figure A). In the bottom-right corner of the resulting dialog, look for the Tags control (Figure B). Click the Add A Tag Link and supply a keyword (Figure C). To add more than one, separate the keywords with a semicolon. Once you add a Tags keyword, Office will display it in an AutoComplete list when you tag subsequent files, making it easier to use Tags consistently. Click Save and continue as you normally would. Figure A Click the More", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 492, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00553", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00202", "text": "! But, that’s excuse. Wrong is wrong. Emotional abuse is serious. It’s just lying or the regular ways we can disappoint or even hurt our partners. It’s continual manipulation when you specifically want to hurt someone. Like, that’s the goal. And you’re dealing with this? Yeah. Actually, I have to check myself about the ways I’m conditioned to expect the worse in a relationship. Are you catching these signs? Sometimes. But even when I do catch it. I don’t always do something about it. Like, when people plays those games with contacting. Like texting and stuff. Can that be considered emotional abuse? Maybe at first. But if you’re dating someone who plays that stupid I’ll-wait-this-long before calling or texting—they’re showing you who they are. I need to walk away from dudes who are into that stuff. But sometimes I still make that call or send that text…. This sounds like Derrick. Oh god, please. Now, I’m seeing a place where I could have possibly had these conversations with you. I think you did actually. I know you hated Derrick. Mom and Dad did too. He was emotionally abusive to you. In freaking middle school. He was young and stupid! He knew how you felt about him. He would do exactly what you describe with gaslighting. One minute he was into you—the next minute not. Did you know I lost my virginity to him? I know. I also know that you were in some kind of Thing and then suddenly he was dating your best friend. Yeah. They were both wrong for that. I mean, I didn’t like it but it was cool. it wasn’t. But is that emotional abuse though? Good question. I do know that I am going to talk to your sister a lot more about relationships in general. She should know by middle school that if something doesn’t feel good—bail. It doesn’t have to fit the traditional definition of “violence” to be violent. Advertisement Right, because social media makes it so easy to be super emotionally abusive. You can unfollow and block people. You can Like or Unlike posts. I met a guy who consistently engaged on all my IG posts. As then as soon as we started dating—nothing. a single Like and a single Comment. Well maybe, he just wanted to separate— No. We’re twenty year olds. We don’t separate. We speak", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00667", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00203", "text": "to State or local taxes related to the sale of products or services; or (4) exercising authority over matters of interstate commerce. (e) New Taxes.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed as encouraging a State to impose sales and use taxes on any products or services subject to taxation prior to the date of the enactment of this Act. (f) Effect on Intrastate Sales.--The provisions of this Act shall apply only to remote sales and shall apply to intrastate sales or intrastate sourcing rules. States granted authority under section 2(a) shall comply with all intrastate provisions of the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement. (g) Effect on Mobile Telecommunications Sourcing Act.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed as altering in any manner or preempting the Mobile Telecommunications Sourcing Act (4 U.S.C. 116-126). SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES. In this Act: (1) Certified software provider.--The term ``certified software provider'' means a person that-- (A) provides software to remote sellers to facilitate State and local sales and use tax compliance pursuant to section 2(b)(2)(D)(ii); and (B) is certified by a State to so provide such software. (2) Locality; local.--The terms ``locality'' and ``local'' refer to any political subdivision of a State. (3) Member state.--The term ``Member State''-- (A) means a Member State as that term is used under the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act; and (B) does include any associate member under the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement. (4) Person.--The term ``person'' means an individual, trust, estate, fiduciary, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, or other legal entity, and a State or local government. (5) Remote sale.--The term ``remote sale'' means a sale into a State, as determined under the sourcing rules under paragraph (7), in which the seller would legally be required to pay, collect, or remit State or local sales and use taxes unless provided by this Act. (6) Remote seller.--The term ``remote seller'' means a person that makes remote sales in the State. (7) Sourced.--For purposes of a State granted authority under section 2", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 492, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01164", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00204", "text": "shall be an eligible three- share program under paragraph (1) if any individual can be excluded from coverage under such program because of a preexisting health condition. ``(d) Grants for Existing Three-Share Programs To Meet Certification Requirements.-- ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may award grants to three-share programs that are operating on the date of enactment of this section. ``(2) Application.--Each eligible entity desiring a grant under this subsection shall submit an application to the Administrator at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Administrator may require. ``(e) Application of State Laws.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to preempt State law. ``(f) Distressed Business Formula.-- ``(1) In general.--later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration shall develop a formula to determine which businesses qualify as distressed businesses for purposes of this section. ``(2) Effect on insurance market.--Granting eligibility to a distressed business using the formula under paragraph (1) shall interfere with the insurance market. Any business found to have reduced benefits to qualify as a distressed business under the formula under paragraph (1) shall be eligible to be a three-share program for purposes of this section. ``(g) Definitions.--In this section: ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration. ``(2) Covered individual.--The term `covered individual' means-- ``(A) a qualified employee; or ``(B) a child under the age of 23 or a spouse of such qualified employee who-- ``(i) lacks access to health care coverage through their employment or employer; ``(ii) lacks access to health coverage through a family member; ``(iii) is eligible for coverage under the medicare program under title XVIII or the medicaid program under title XIX; and ``(iv) does qualify for benefits under the State Children's Health Insurance Program under title XXI. ``(3) Distressed business.--The term `distressed business' means a business that-- ``(A) in light of economic hardship and rising health care premiums may be forced to discontinue or scale back its health care coverage; and ``(B) qualifies as a distressed business according to the formula under subsection (g). ``(4) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means an entity that meets the requirements of subsection (a)(2)(A", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00930", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00205", "text": "and use taxes under this Act only if the remote seller has gross annual receipts in total remote sales in the United States in the preceding calendar year exceeding $1,000,000. For purposes of determining whether the threshold in this section is met, the gross annual receipts from remote sales of 2 or more persons shall be aggregated if-- (1) such persons are related to the remote seller within the meaning of subsections (b) and (c) of section 267 or section 707(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or (2) such persons have 1 or more ownership relationships and such relationships were designed with a principal purpose of avoiding the application of these rules. SEC. 3. LIMITATIONS. (a) In General.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed as-- (1) subjecting a seller or any other person to franchise, income, occupation, or any other type of taxes, other than sales and use taxes; (2) affecting the application of such taxes; or (3) enlarging or reducing State authority to impose such taxes. (b) Effect on Nexus.--This Act shall be construed to create any nexus or alter the standards for determining nexus between a person and a State or locality. (c) Effect on Seller Choice.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to deny the ability of a remote seller to deploy and utilize a certified software provider of the seller's choice. (d) Licensing and Regulatory Requirements.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed as permitting or prohibiting a State from-- (1) licensing or regulating any person; (2) requiring any person to qualify to transact intrastate business; (3) subjecting any person to State or local taxes related to the sale of products or services; or (4) exercising authority over matters of interstate commerce. (e) New Taxes.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed as encouraging a State to impose sales and use taxes on any products or services subject to taxation prior to the date of the enactment of this Act. (f) Effect on Intrastate Sales.--The provisions of this Act shall apply only to remote sales and shall apply to intrastate sales or intrastate sourcing rules. States granted authority under section 2(a) shall comply with all intrastate provisions of the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement. (g) Effect on Mobile Telecommunications Sourcing Act.--Nothing", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01163", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00206", "text": ", imprisonment for more three years, or both, in the case of an offense under paragraph (1) of that subsection; and ``(2) a fine under this title, imprisonment for more than ten years, or both, in the case of an offense under paragraph (2) of that subsection. ``(e) Seal or Destruction of Images.--The court may, upon its own motion or the motion of the Attorney General, order the following: ``(1) The seal of any images introduced as evidence in a trial for an offense under this section. ``(2) The destruction of any images held by the United States for purposes of a prosecution under this section in the event of an acquittal, dismissal, plea agreement, or decision to prosecute. ``(3) The destruction of any images held by the United States for purposes of a prosecution under this section if prosecution is commenced within the statute of limitations for the offense. ``(4) The destruction of any images introduced as evidence in a trial for an offense under this section that are held by the United States after conviction upon the release of the offender from incarceration for the offense.''. (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 71 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 201(b) of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following new item: ``1472. Video voyeurism.''. SEC. 203. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of an amendment made by this title, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the provisions of the amendments made by this title, and the applications of such provisions to other persons similarly situated or to other circumstances, shall be affected thereby.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00876", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00207", "text": "The United States Fish and Wildlife Service. ``(v) Any other Federal agency or instrumentality that expends $1,000,000 or more for a fiscal year on Great Lakes research. ``(vi) Any other Federal agency or instrumentality that a majority of the Council membership determines should be represented on the Council. ``(B) Nonvoting members.--At the request of a majority of the Council membership, any person who is a representative of a Federal agency or instrumentality described in subparagraph (A) or any person who is a Federal employee may serve as a nonvoting member of the Council. ``(4) Chairperson.--The chairperson of the Council shall be a member of the Council from an agency specified in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of paragraph (3)(A) who is elected by a majority vote of the members of the Council. The chairperson shall serve as chairperson for a period of 2 years. A member of the Council may serve as chairperson for more than 2 consecutive terms. ``(5) Expenses.--While performing official duties as a member of the Council, a member shall be allowed travel or transportation expenses under section 5703 of title 5, United States Code. ``(6) Interagency cooperation.--The head of each Federal agency or instrumentality that is represented on the Council-- ``(A) shall cooperate with the Council in implementing the recommendations developed under paragraph (2); ``(B) may, on written request of the chairperson of the Council, make available, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, such personnel, services, or facilities as may be necessary to assist the Council in carrying out the duties of the Council under this section; and ``(C) shall, on written request from the chairperson, furnish data or information necessary to carry out the duties of the Council under this section. ``(7) International cooperation.--The Council shall cooperate, to the maximum extent practicable, with the research coordination efforts of the Council of Great Lakes Research Managers of the International Joint Commission. ``(8) Reimbursement for requested activities.--Each Federal agency or instrumentality represented on the Council may reimburse another Federal agency or instrumentality or a non- Federal entity for costs associated with activities authorized under this subsection that are carried out by the other agency, instrumentality, or entity at the request of the Council. ``(9) Federal advisory committee act.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00924", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00208", "text": ", a 2,000-yard season and seven consecutive playoff wins in which he topped 100 yards rushing. Davis, who will be inducted into the Hall of Fame this summer, said he uses that rags-to-riches anecdote all the time. \"Because it goes to show you that my thing is if you quit, the result is always failure,\" said Davis, now an analyst for the NFL Network. \"But if you do quit, you know what the outcome could be. So, quitting on yourself should be an option, which I almost did. \"And for anybody that's out there struggling... I try to tell them even if your situation seems dire, do give up. Just keep fighting, keep fighting, keep fighting. You know. The only thing you can control is the effort. You can control the outcome or the results, but just keep going at it and you know how that plays out.\" Sticking it out landed Davis with football immortality. \"I think what's great about it is the story behind it, it's (one of) a typical, first-round selection, big school, all-time leading rusher. I was totally sort of opposite of all those things and yet I was still able to make it to the Hall of Fame,\" Davis said. \"So, what does that tell a kid right now who is struggling and is maybe first team or at the school that he wants to be at, or whatever the situation may be?\" ___ For more NFL coverage: http://www.pro32.ap.org and http://www.twitter.com/AP_NFL ___ Follow Arnie Melendrez Stapleton on Twitter: http://twitter.com/arniestapleton", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00827", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00209", "text": "We use high spatial resolution observations of CO to systematically measure the resolved size-line width, luminosity-line width, luminosity-size, and the mass-luminosity relations of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in a variety of extragalactic systems. Although the data are heterogeneous we analyze them in a consistent manner to remove the biases introduced by limited sensitivity and resolution, thus obtaining reliable sizes, velocity dispersions, and luminosities. We compare the results obtained in dwarf galaxies with those from the Local Group spiral galaxies. We find that extragalactic GMC properties measured across a wide range of environments are very much compatible with those in the Galaxy. We use these results to investigate metallicity trends in the cloud average column density and virial CO-to-H2 factor. We find that these measurements do accord with simple predictions from photoionization-regulated star formation theory, although this could be due to the fact that we do sample small enough spatial scales or the full gravitational potential of the molecular cloud. We also find that the virial CO-to-H2 conversion factor in CO-bright GMCs is very similar to Galactic, and that the excursions do show a measurable metallicity trend. We contrast these results with estimates of molecular mass based on far-infrared measurements obtained for the Small Magellanic Cloud, which systematically yield larger masses, and interpret this discrepancy as arising from large H2 envelopes that surround the CO-bright cores. We conclude that GMCs identified on the basis of their CO emission are a unique class of object that exhibit a remarkably uniform set of properties from galaxy to galaxy (abridged).", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 323, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00453", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00210", "text": "The decomposition of a signal on the sphere with the steerable wavelet constructed from the second Gaussian derivative gives access to the orientation, signed-intensity, and elongation of the signal's local features. In the present work, the non-Gaussianity of the WMAP temperature data of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is analyzed in terms of the first four moments of the statistically isotropic random fields associated with these local morphological measures, at wavelet scales corresponding to angular sizes between 27.5 arcminutes and 30 degrees on the celestial sphere. While detection is made in the orientation analysis or in the elongation analysis, a strong detection is made in the excess kurtosis of the signed-intensity of the WMAP data. The non-Gaussianity is observed with a significance level below 0.5% at a wavelet scale corresponding to an angular size around 10 degrees, and confirmed at neighbour scales. This supports a previous detection of an excess of kurtosis in the wavelet coefficient of the WMAP data with the axisymmetric Mexican hat wavelet (Vielva et al. 2004). Instrumental noise and foreground emissions are likely to be at the origin of the excess of kurtosis. Large-scale modulations of the CMB related to some unknown systematics are rejected as possible origins of the detection. The observed non-Gaussianity may therefore probably be imputed to the CMB itself, thereby questioning the basic inflationary scenario upon which the present concordance cosmological model relies. Taking the CMB temperature angular power spectrum of the concordance cosmological model at face value, further analysis also suggests that this non-Gaussianity is confined to the directions on the celestial sphere with an anomalous signed-intensity.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 357, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00077", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00211", "text": "Commission. The members may be from the public or private sector, and may include Federal, State, local, or employees, members of academia, nonprofit organizations, or industry, or other interested individuals. (B) Diversity.--It is the intent of Congress that persons appointed to the Commission under paragraph (1) be persons who represent diverse economic, professional, and cultural backgrounds. (3) Consultation and appointment.-- (A) In general.--The President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, minority leader of the House of Representatives, majority leader of the Senate, and minority leader of the Senate shall consult among themselves before appointing the members of the Commission in order to achieve, to the maximum extent practicable, fair and equitable representation of various points of view with respect to the matters to be studied by the Commission. (B) Completion of appointments; vacancies.--The President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, minority leader of the House of Representatives, majority leader of the Senate, and minority leader of the Senate shall conduct the consultation under subparagraph (3) and make their respective appointments later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act. (4) Vacancies.-- A vacancy in the membership of the Commission shall affect the powers of the Commission and shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment later than 30 days after the vacancy occurs. (c) Meetings.-- (1) Initial meeting.--later than 30 days after the date on which all members of the Commission have been appointed, the Commission shall hold its first meeting. (2) Subsequent meetings.--After the initial meeting, the Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson. (d) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a lesser number of members may hold hearings. (e) Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.--The Commission shall select a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson from among its members. SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. later than 1 year after the initial meeting of the Commission, the Commission, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior and other appropriate Federal, State, and local public and private entities, shall prepare and submit to the Secretary of the Interior a report that-- (1) identifies sites of historical significance to the women's movement; and (2) recommends actions, under the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00895", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00212", "text": ") of this section, later than the expiration of the 12-month period that begins on the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 3. MONTHLY INSTALLMENT PAYMENT OF PREMIUMS. (a) Authority.--Subsection (g) of section 1308 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4015(g)) is amended-- (1) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through ``With respect'' and inserting the following: ``(g) Frequency of Premium Collection.-- ``(1) Options.--With respect''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(2) Monthly installment payment of premiums.-- ``(A) Exemption from rulemaking.--Until such time as the Administrator promulgates regulations implementing paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Administrator may adopt policies and procedures, notwithstanding any other provisions of law and in alignment and consistent with existing industry escrow and servicing standards, necessary to implement such paragraph with undergoing notice and comment rulemaking and with conducting regulatory analyses otherwise required by statute, regulation, or Executive order. ``(B) Pilot program.--The Administrator may initially implement paragraph (1) of this subsection as a pilot program that provides for a gradual phase-in of implementation. ``(C) Policyholder protection.--The Administrator may-- ``(i) during the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this subparagraph, charge policyholders choosing to pay premiums in monthly installments a fee for the total cost of the monthly collection of premiums to exceed $25 annually; and ``(ii) after the expiration of the 12-month period referred to in clause (i), adjust the fee charged annually to cover the total cost of the monthly collection of premiums as determined by the report submitted pursuant to subparagraph (D). ``(D) Report.--later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit a report to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, that sets forth all of the costs associated with the monthly payment of premiums, including any up- front costs associated with infrastructure development, the impact on all policyholders including those that exercise the option to pay monthly and those that do not, options for minimizing the costs, particularly the costs to policyholders, and the feasibility of adopting practices that serve to minimize costs to policyholders such as", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01124", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00213", "text": "The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of plantar-flexor muscles fatigue on postural control during quiet standing under normal, altered and improved vestibular and neck somatosensory conditions. To address this objective, young male university students were asked to stand upright as still as possible with their eyes closed in two conditions of Fatigue and Fatigue of the plantar-flexor muscles. In Experiment 1 (n=15), the postural task was executed in two Neutral head and Head tilted backward postures, recognized to degrade vestibular and neck somatosensory information. In Experiment 2 (n=15), the postural task was executed in two conditions of tactile and Tactile stimulation of the neck provided by the application of strips of adhesive bandage to the skin over and around the neck. Centre of foot pressure displacements were recorded using a force platform. Results showed that (1) the Fatigue condition yielded increased CoP displacements relative to the Fatigue condition (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2), (2) this destabilizing effect was more accentuated in the Head tilted backward posture than Neutral head posture (Experiment 1) and (3) this destabilizing effect was less accentuated in the condition of Tactile stimulation than that of tactile stimulation of the neck (Experiment 2). In the context of the multisensory control of balance, these results suggest an increased reliance on vestibular and neck somatosensory information for controlling posture during quiet standing in condition of altered ankle neuromuscular function.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00473", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00214", "text": "received under this section to-- (1) develop standard education programs; (2) develop standard patient management protocols for commonly encountered toxic exposures; (3) improve and expand the poison control data collection systems; (4) improve national toxic exposure surveillance; and (5) expand the physician/medical toxicologist supervision of poison control centers. (c) Certification.--Except as provided in subsection (d), the Secretary may make a grant to a center under subsection (a) only if-- (1) the center has been certified by a professional organization in the field of poison control, and the Secretary has approved the organization as having in effect standards for certification that reasonably provide for the protection of the public health with respect to poisoning; or (2) the center has been certified by a State government, and the Secretary has approved the State government as having in effect standards for certification that reasonably provide for the protection of the public health with respect to poisoning. (d) Waiver of Certification Requirements.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary may grant a waiver of the certification requirement of subsection (c) with respect to a noncertified poison control center or a newly established center that applies for a grant under this section if such center can reasonably demonstrate that the center will obtain such a certification within a reasonable period of time as determined appropriate by the Secretary. (2) Renewal.--The Secretary may only renew a waiver under paragraph (1) for a period of 3 years. (e) Supplement Supplant.--Amounts made available to a poison control center under this section shall be used to supplement and supplant other Federal, State, or local funds provided for such center. (f) Maintenance of Effort.--A poison control center, in utilizing the proceeds of a grant under this section, shall maintain the expenditures of the center for activities of the center at a level that is less than the level of such expenditures maintained by the center for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the grant is received. (g) Matching Requirement.--The Secretary may impose a matching requirement with respect to amounts provided under a grant under this section if the Secretary determines appropriate. (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2000 through 2004. Speaker of the House of Representatives. Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00961", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00215", "text": "Luminous red galaxies (LRGs) are much rarer and more massive than L* galaxies. Coupled with their extreme colours, LRGs therefore provide a demanding testing ground for the physics of massive galaxy formation. We present the first self-consistent predictions for the abundance and properties of LRGs in hierarchical structure formation models. We test two published models which use quite different mechanisms to suppress the formation of massive galaxies: the Bower et al. (2006) model, which invokes ``AGN-feedback'' to prevent gas from cooling in massive haloes, and the Baugh et al. (2005) model which relies upon a ``superwind'' to eject gas before it is turned into stars. with adjusting any parameters, the Bower et al. model gives an excellent match to the observed luminosity function of LRGs in the SDSS (with a median redshift of z=0.24) and to their clustering; the Baugh et al. model is less successful in these respects. Both models fail to match the observed abundance of LRGs at z=0.5 to better than a factor of ~2. In the models, LRGs are typically bulge dominated systems with M* of ~2x10^11 h^{-1} M_sun and velocity dispersions of ~250 km s^{-1}. Around half of the stellar mass in the model LRGs is already formed by z~2.2 and is assembled into one main progenitor by z~1.5; on average, only 25% of the mass of the main progenitor is added after z~1. LRGs are predicted to be found in a wide range of halo masses, a conclusion which relies on properly taking into account the scatter in the formation histories of haloes. Remarkably, we find that the correlation function of LRGs is predicted to be a power law down to small pair separations, in excellent agreement with observational estimates. the Bower et al. or the Baugh et al. model is able to reproduce the observed radii of LRGs.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 429, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00187", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00216", "text": "release requirements, gear adaptations, and closed seasons. (7) A clear policy is required to demonstrate to recreational anglers that recreational fishing can be managed with unnecessarily prohibiting such fishing. (8) A comprehensive policy on the implementation, use, and monitoring of marine protected areas is required to maintain the optimum balance between recreational fishing and sustaining recreational fishery resources. SEC. 3. POLICY. It is the policy of the United States to promote sound conservation of fishery resources by ensuring that-- (1) Federal regulations promote access to fishing areas by recreational anglers to the maximum extent practicable; (2) recreational anglers are actively involved in the formulation of any regulatory procedure that contemplates imposing restrictions on access to a fishing area; and (3) limitations on access to fishing areas by recreational anglers are imposed unless such limitations are scientifically necessary to provide for the conservation of a fishery resource. SEC. 4. MAGNUSON-STEVENS FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ACT AMENDMENTS. (a) Limitation on Closures.--Section 303(a) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1853(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(15) establish geographic areas where recreational fishing is prohibited unless-- ``(A) clear indication exists that recreational fishing in such area is the cause of a specific conservation problem in the fishery; ``(B) alternative conservation measures related to recreational fishing, such as gear restrictions, quotas, or closed seasons will adequately provide for conservation and management of the fishery; ``(C) the management plan-- ``(i) provides for specific measurable criteria to assess whether the prohibition provides conservation benefits to the fishery; and ``(ii) requires a periodic review to assess the continued need for the prohibition less than once every 3 years; ``(D) the best available scientific information supports the need to close the area to recreational fishing; and ``(E) the prohibition is terminated as soon as the condition in subparagraph (A) that was the basis of the prohibition longer exists.''. (b) Technical Amendments.--Such section is further amended-- (1) in paragraph (13), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon; and (2) in paragraph (14), by striking ``fishery.'' and inserting ``fishery; and''. SEC. 5. NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES ACT AM", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01085", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00217", "text": "Our knowledge of the intrinsic properties of short duration Gamma-Ray Bursts has relied, so far, only upon a few cases for which the estimate of the distance and an extended, multiwavelength monitoring of the afterglow have been obtained. We carried out multiwavelength observations of the short GRB 061201 aimed at estimating its distance and studying its properties. We performed a spectral and timing analysis of the prompt and afterglow emission and discuss the results in the context of the standard fireball model. A clear temporal break was observed in the X-ray light curve about 40 minutes after the burst trigger. We find that the spectral and timing behaviour of the X-ray afterglow is consistent with a jet origin of the observed break, although the optical data can definitively confirm this and other scenarios are possible. underlying host galaxy down to R~26 mag was found after fading of the optical afterglow. Thus, secure redshift could be measured for this burst. The nearest galaxy is at z=0.111 and shows evidence of star formation activity. We discuss the association of GRB 061201 with this galaxy and with the ACO S 995 galaxy cluster, from which the source is at an angular distance of 17'' and 8.5', respectively. We also test the association with a possible undetected, positionally consistent galaxy at z~1. In all these cases, in the jet interpretation, we find a jet opening angle of 1-2 degrees.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 303, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00143", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00218", "text": "We analyze mass linear functions $H$ on simple polytopes $\\De$, where a mass linear function is an affine function on $\\De$ whose value on the center of mass depends linearly on the positions of the supporting hyperplanes. We show that certain types of symmetries of $\\De$ give rise to nonconstant mass linear functions on $\\De$. These are called inessential; the others are essential. We also show that most polytopes do admit any nonconstant mass linear functions. Our main result shows that there is only one family of smooth polytopes of dimension $\\leq 3$ which admit essential mass linear functions. These results have geometric implications. Fix a symplectic toric manifold $(M,\\om,T,\\Phi)$ with moment polytope $\\De = \\Phi(M)$; let $\\Symp(M,\\om)$ be its group of symplectomorphisms. Any linear function $H$ on $\\De$ generates a Hamiltonian $\\R$ action on $M$ whose closure is a subtorus $T_H$ of $T$. We show that if the map $\\pi_1(T_H)\\to \\pi_1(\\Symp(M,\\om))$ has finite image, then $H$ is mass linear. Therefore, in most cases the induced map $\\pi_1(T) \\to \\pi_1(\\Symp(M,\\om))$ is an injection. We also show that this map does have finite image unless $M$ is a product of projective spaces. Moreover, the inessential $H$ correspond to elements in the kernel of the map $\\pi_1(T)\\to \\Isom(M)$, where the Kahler isometry group $\\Isom(M)\\subset \\Symp(M,\\om)$ consists of elements that also preserve the natural compatible complex structure on $M$. Therefore if $\\De$ supports nonconstant essential mass linear $H$, the map $\\pi_1(\\Isom(M))\\to pi_1(\\Symp(M,\\om)$ is injective.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 420, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00459", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00219", "text": "The tech talent shortage is requiring many companies to think outside the box when it comes to finding employees to fill tech roles. This means looking beyond standard computer science graduates and expanding your search pool to include some nontraditional candidates, including those for whom tech is a second career, those with disabilities, and those from a variety of unrelated backgrounds. \"There are more positions open seeking computer science degrees than there are computer science degree graduates right now,\" said Blake Angove, director of technology services at LaSalle Network. \"So if you want to get your position filled in a timely manner and get the work done, you have to look at more nontraditional degrees.\" Often, other degrees include skills that can relate to IT roles, Angove said. For example, LaSalle Network recently placed an IT project manager with a history degree at a company. \"They had strong writing skills, they had analytical skills, so those relate well to a project management position,\" he said. \"So even though it's a technical role, the person is doing well on the job.\" Here are some tips for finding and interviewing candidates who could make a difference at your company. SEE: Interviewing guidelines policy (Tech Pro Research) Revamping job postings Finding a candidate who can do the job often means rewriting job descriptions, said Mel Hennigan, talent expertise panelist for the Society for Human Resource Management. \"When you start to reverse engineer the position and you can base the requirements on what outcomes you need to achieve, you start to realize you can broaden your pool,\" Hennigan said. \"You longer have to say, 'You must have this degree to qualify for this position.' Instead, it's 'You must meet these objectives,' and that opens the spectrum up a lot.\" Many companies require a bachelor's degree for every position, even administrative ones, Hennigan said. \"You should really break it down into what tasks have to be performed in order to achieve success, and then let the best candidate win based on their skills and abilities rather than on their credentials,\" she added. For positions such as programmers, it's easy to set up an online test that allows you to objectively judge whether or they have the abilities to complete the job. \"A recruiter longer has to pick up the phone for the initial screen, when a recruiting tool can provide the candidate with a set of questions that will help qualify them or disqualify them, and it can do so based on their", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00549", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00220", "text": "section 922(t)(1), of any receipt by the licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer of a notification from the national instant criminal background check system that the transfer would violate section 922 or would violate State law; ``(4) later than 10 days after the date on which the transfer occurs, submit to the Secretary a report of the transfer, which report-- ``(A) shall be on a form specified by the Secretary by regulation; and ``(B) shall include the name of or other identifying information relating to any person involved in the transfer who is licensed under this chapter; ``(5) if the licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer assists a person other than a licensee in transferring, at 1 time or during any 5 consecutive business days, 2 or more pistols or revolvers, or any combination of pistols and revolvers totaling 2 or more, to the same nonlicensed person, in addition to the reports required under paragraph (4), prepare a report of the multiple transfers, which report shall be-- ``(A) prepared on a form specified by the Secretary; and ``(B) later than the close of business on the date on which the transfer occurs, forwarded to-- ``(i) the office specified on the form described in subparagraph (A); and ``(ii) the appropriate State law enforcement agency of the jurisdiction in which the transfer occurs; and ``(6) retain a record of the transfer as part of the permanent business records of the licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer. ``(f) Records of Licensee Transfers.--If any part of a firearm transaction takes place at a gun show, each licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, and licensed dealer who transfers 1 or more firearms to a person who is licensed under this chapter shall, later than 10 days after the date on which the transfer occurs, submit to the Secretary a report of the transfer, which report-- ``(1) shall be in a form specified by the Secretary by regulation; ``(2) shall include the name of or other identifying information relating to the transferee; and ``(3) shall duplicate information provided in any report required under subsection (c)(4). ``(g) Firearm Transaction Defined.--In this section, the term `firearm transaction'-- ``(1) includes the offer for sale, sale, transfer, or exchange of a firearm; and ``(2) does include the mere exhibition of a firearm.''.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00945", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00221", "text": "AIMS: The properties of the very high energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the high-frequency peaked BL Lac PG 1553+113 are investigated. An attempt is made to measure the currently unknown redshift of this object. METHODS: VHE Observations of PG 1553+113 were made with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in 2005 and 2006. H+K (1.45-2.45 micron) spectroscopy of PG 1553+113 was performed in March 2006 with SINFONI, an integral field spectrometer of the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. RESULTS: A VHE signal, ~10 standard deviations, is detected by HESS during the 2 years of observations (24.8 hours live time). The integral flux above 300 GeV is (4.6 +- 0.6{stat} +- 0.9{syst}) x 10^{-12} cm^{-2} s^{-1}, corresponding to ~3.4% of the flux from the Crab Nebula above the same threshold. The time-averaged energy spectrum is measured from 225 GeV to ~1.3 TeV, and is characterized by a very soft power law (photon index of Gamma = 4.5 +- 0.3{stat} +- 0.1{syst}). evidence for any flux or spectral variations is found on any sampled time scale within the VHE data. The redshift of PG 1553+113 could be determined. Indeed, even though the measured SINFONI spectrum is the most sensitive ever reported for this object at near infrared wavelengths, and the sensitivity is comparable to the best spectroscopy at other wavelengths, absorption or emission lines were found in the H+K spectrum presented here.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 385, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00196", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00222", "text": "We describe a new form of small-scale magnetic flux emergence in the quiet Sun. This process seems to take vertical magnetic fields from the solar interior to the photosphere, where they appear above granular convection cells. High-cadence time series of spectropolarimetric measurements obtained by Hinode in a quiet region near disk center are analyzed. We extract line parameters from the observed Stokes profiles and study their evolution with time. The circular polarization maps derived from the observed \\ion{Fe}{i} 630 nm lines show clear magnetic signals emerging at the center of granular cells. We do find any evidence for linear polarization signals associated with these events. The magnetic flux patches grow with time, occupying a significant fraction of the granular area. The signals then fade until they disappear completely. The typical lifetime of these events is of the order of 20 minutes. significant changes in the chromosphere seem to occur in response to the emergence, as revealed by co-spatial \\ion{Ca}{ii} H filtergrams. The Stokes I and V profiles measured in the emerging flux concentrations show strong asymmetries and Doppler shifts. The origin of these events is unclear at present, but we suggest that they may represent the emergence of vertical fields lines from the bottom of the photosphere, possibly dragged by the convective upflows of granules. Preliminary inversions of the Stokes spectra indicate that this scenario is compatible with the observations. The emergence of vertical field lines is free from conceptual problems, though.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 303, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00254", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00223", "text": "We present results from Chandra and XMM-Newton spectroscopic observations of the nuclei of z<0.5 radio galaxies and quasars from the 3CRR catalog, and examine in detail the dichotomy in the properties of low- and high-excitation radio galaxies. The X-ray spectra of low-excitation sources (those with weak or absent optical emission lines) are dominated by unabsorbed emission from a parsec-scale jet, with contribution from accretion-related emission. These sources show evidence for an obscuring torus, and are likely to accrete in a radiatively inefficient manner. High-excitation sources (those with prominent optical emission lines), on the other hand, show a significant contribution from a radiatively efficient accretion disk, which is heavily absorbed in the X-ray when they are oriented close to edge-on with respect to the observer. However, the low-excitation/high-excitation division does correspond to the FRI/FRII division: thus the Fanaroff-Riley dichotomy remains a consequence of the interaction between the jet and the hot-gas environment through which it propagates. Finally, we suggest that accretion of the hot phase of the IGM is sufficient to power all low-excitation radio sources, while high-excitation sources require an additional contribution from cold gas that in turn forms the cold disk and torus. This model explains a number of properties of the radio-loud active galaxy population, and has important implications for AGN feedback mechanisms.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 304, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00111", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00224", "text": "(B) the average price at which the Department of Defense under the Defense Health Program acquires each such drug; (C) the average price at which the Department of Veterans Affairs under the laws administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs acquires each such drug; and (D) the average negotiated price for each such drug that eligible beneficiaries enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part D of title XVIII of the Social Security Act, as added by section 101 of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-173), that provides only basic prescription drug coverage have access to under such plans. (2) Annual report.--later than December 1, 2007, and annually thereafter, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the study conducted under paragraph (1), together with such recommendations as the Comptroller General determines appropriate. SEC. 3. INCLUSION OF AVERAGE AGGREGATE BENEFICIARY COSTS AND SAVINGS IN COMPARATIVE INFORMATION FOR BASIC MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG PLANS. Section 1860D-1(c)(3) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w- 101(c)(3)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (A)-- (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking ``subparagraph (B)'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (B) and (C)''; and (B) by adding at the end the following new clause: ``(vi) Average aggregate beneficiary costs and savings.--With respect to plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2007, the average aggregate costs, including deductibles and other cost-sharing, that a beneficiary will incur for covered part D drugs in the year under the plan compared to the average aggregate costs that an eligible beneficiary with prescription drug coverage will incur for covered part D drugs in the year.''; and (2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: ``(C) Average aggregate beneficiary costs and savings information only for basic prescription drug plans.--The Secretary shall provide comparative information under subparagraph (A)(vi) with respect to-- ``(i) a prescription drug plan that provides supplemental prescription drug coverage; or ``(ii) a Medicare Advantage plan.''. SEC. 4. NEGOTIATING FAIR PRICES FOR MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUGS. (a)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00882", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00225", "text": "within the embassy itself.\" Colby advised them in a flash return message that the Communications Center should button up its steel doors. Colby was a former CIA station chief in Saigon, a confidant of the slain President Ngo Dinh Diem, and a proponent of a counter insurgency strategy that relied less on American combat troops. Within days, he would be on his way to South Vietnam to help pick up the pieces of a crumbling policy. As the 3 million people of Saigon became abruptly aware of the brutal enemy intrusion in their Tet holiday celebrations, there was confusion within the South Vietnamese security ranks. Many of the military police primarily responsible for city protection were at home celebrating with their families. President Nguyen Van Thieu, who was also the commander of Vietnam's armed forces, was on a Tet holiday with his family and could be immediately located. A month earlier, the American military command had handed over the security of the nation's capital entirely to the Vietnamese paramilitary police forces, and Thieu's authority was necessary to facilitate supporting troop movements from outside. Vice President Nguyen Cao Ky complained later, \"Catastrophe loomed. In expectation of the usual Tet truce, half of our armed forces had gone on leave. To make things worse, most of our army's combat forces were deployed in or near big cities.\" General Westmoreland was particularly unhappy about President Thieu, who had been informed of security concerns in the northern region and had agreed to cancel the Tet cease-fire there a day earlier. The day passed with notice of the cancellation, and according to Westmoreland, \"I telephoned the American Embassy to find that the South Vietnamese government had provided its press officer with a release but that the press office was shut tight, closed for Tet. President Thieu had departed to pass the holidays in My Tho, his wife's hometown in the Mekong Delta. Such a lackadaisical attitude on the part of the government was shocking and frustrating yet indicative of the state of mind, to near euphoria, that envelops the Vietnamese at Tet.\" all the Vietnamese, however, were euphoric celebrants, certainly the Vietcong who were violating their own announced seven-day Tet truce with surprise attacks across the country. We would soon learn that the Saigon attacks were just the point of the spear. The Vietcong and the North Vietnamese, who had until now avoided attacking major population centers, were", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00819", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00226", "text": "A simplicial complex K is called d-representable if it is the nerve of a collection of convex sets in R^d; K is d-collapsible if it can be reduced to an empty complex by repeatedly removing a face of dimension at most d-1 that is contained in a unique maximal face; and K is d-Leray if every induced subcomplex of K has vanishing homology of dimension d and larger. It is known that d-representable implies d-collapsible implies d-Leray, and two of these notions coincide for d greater or equal to 2. The famous Helly theorem and other important results in discrete geometry can be regarded as results about d-representable complexes, and in many of these results \"d-representable\" in the assumption can be replaced by \"d-collapsible\" or even \"d-Leray\". We investigate \"dimension gaps\" among these notions, and we construct, for all positive integers d, a 2d-Leray complex that is (3d-1)-collapsible and a d-collapsible complex that is (2d-2)-representable. In the proofs we obtain two results of independent interest: (i) The nerve of every finite family of sets, each of size at most d, is d-collapsible. (ii) If the nerve of a simplicial complex K is d-representable, then K embeds in R^d.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 300, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00347", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00227", "text": "complete and the delivery location has been registered, customers can shop on Amazon.com and select the “In-Car” delivery option at checkout. On delivery day, the Amazon Key App lets customers check if they’ve parked within range of the delivery location, and provides notifications with the expected 4-hour delivery time window. The App also notifies customers when the delivery is on its way, and the package has been delivered. Customers can track when their car was unlocked and relocked in the App’s activity feed, and rate their in-car delivery. “Since launching Amazon Key last November, we’ve safely delivered everything from cameras to collectable coins inside the home. Customers have also told us they love features like keyless guest access and being able to monitor their front door from anywhere with the Amazon Key App,” said Peter Larsen, Vice President of Delivery Technology, Amazon. “In-car delivery gives customers that same peace of mind and allows them to take the Amazon experience with them. And, with additional hardware or devices required, customers can start ordering in-car delivery today.” In-car delivery is available to customers with a compatible 2015 or newer Chevrolet, Buick, GMC or Cadillac vehicle with an active OnStar account, and customers with a 2015 or newer Volvo vehicle with an active Volvo On Call account. Support for even more vehicle makes and models will be added over time. “Unlocking Amazon Key In-Car delivery for more than 7 million Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac owners is another great example of how we are leveraging the embedded connectivity in our vehicles to provide our customers with services that make their ownership experience more valuable,” said Alan Batey, president, General Motors North America. Amazon uses multiple layers of verification to ensure the security of in-car deliveries. Each time a delivery driver requests access to a customer’s vehicle, Amazon verifies that an authorized driver is at the right location with the right package, through an encrypted authentication process. Once this process is successfully completed, the car is then unlocked. Customers receive a notification via the Amazon Key App after the delivery is completed and the vehicle is relocked. special codes or keys are ever provided to delivery drivers. For added peace of mind, in-car delivery is backed by Amazon’s Happiness Guarantee. “Simplification of experience for our consumers is central to Volvo’s digital vision. Receiving a package securely and reliably in your car, with you having to be there, is something we think many people will appreciate", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00745", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00228", "text": "(Abridged) With the goal of investigating the nature of OVI absorbers at high redshifts, we study the effects of proximity to the background quasar. In a sample of sixteen quasars at z(QSO) between 2.14 and 2.87 observed at 6.6 km/s resolution with VLT/UVES, we detect 35 OVI absorption-line systems lying within 8000 km/s of z(QSO). The systems can be categorized into 9 strong and 26 weak OVI absorbers. The strong absorbers are defined by the presence of either broad, fully saturated OVI absorption or partial coverage of the continuum source, and have log N(OVI)>~15.0; these systems are intrinsic to the AGN. The weak (narrow) systems show partial coverage or saturation, and are characterized by log N(OVI)<14.5 and have a median total velocity width of only 42 km/s. The incidence dN/dz of weak OVI systems within 2000 km/s of the quasar is 42+/-12. Between 2000 and 8000 km/s, dN/dz falls to 14+/-4, equal to the incidence of intervening OVI absorbers. Whereas the accompanying H I and C IV column densities are significantly lower (by a mean of ~1 dex) in the weak OVI absorbers within 2000 km/s of z(QSO) than in those at larger velocities, the OVI column densities display dependence on proximity. Furthermore, significant offsets between the HI and OVI centroids in ~50% of the weak absorbers imply that (at least in these cases) the HI and OVI are formed in the same phase of gas. In summary, we find firm evidence that quasar radiation influences the OVI-bearing gas, suggesting the OVI is collisionally ionized rather than photoionized, possibly in the multi-phase halos of foreground galaxies. Non-equilibrium collisional ionization models are needed to explain the low temperatures in the absorbing gas, which are implied by narrow line widths (b<14 km/s) in over half of the observed OVI components.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 448, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00412", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00229", "text": "We analyze the infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 10micron < lambda(rest) < 100micron for ~600 galaxies at z~0.7 in the extended Chandra Deep Field South by stacking their Spitzer 24, 70 and 160micron images. We place interesting constraints on the average IR SED shape in two bins: the brightest 25% of z~0.7 galaxies detected at 24micron, and the remaining 75% of individually-detected galaxies. Galaxies with individual detections at 24micron were well-detected at 70micron and 160micron even through stacking. We find that the average IR SEDs of z~0.7 star-forming galaxies fall within the diversity of z~0 templates. While dust obscuration Lir/Luv seems to be only a function of star formation rate (SFR; ~ Lir+Luv), of redshift, the dust temperature of star-forming galaxies (with SFR ~ 10 solar mass per year) at a given IR luminosity was lower at z~0.7 than today. We suggest an interpretation of this phenomenology in terms of dust geometry: intensely star-forming galaxies at z~0 are typically interacting, and host dense centrally-concentrated bursts of star formation and warm dust temperatures. At z~0.7, the bulk of intensely star-forming galaxies are relatively undisturbed spirals and irregulars, and we postulate that they have large amounts of widespread lower-density star formation, yielding lower dust temperatures for a given IR luminosity. We recommend what IR SEDs are most suitable for modeling intermediate redshift galaxies with different SFRs.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00062", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00230", "text": "Cold dark matter cosmogony predicts triaxial dark matter halos, whereas observations find quite round halos. This is most likely due to the condensation of baryons leading to rounder halos. We examine the halo phase space distribution basis for such shape changes. Triaxial halos are supported by box orbits, which pass arbitrarily close to the density center. The decrease in triaxiality caused by baryons is thought to be due to the scattering of these orbits. We test this hypothesis with simulations of disks grown inside triaxial halos. After the disks are grown we check whether the phase space structure has changed by evaporating the disks and comparing the initial and final states. While the halos are substantially rounder when the disk is at full mass, their final shape after the disk is evaporated is much different from the initial. Likewise, the halo becomes (more) radially anisotropic when the disk is grown, but the final anisotropy is consistent with the initial. Only if the baryons are unreasonably compact or massive does the halo change irreversibly. We show that the character of individual orbits is generally changed by the growing mass. Thus the central condensation of baryons does destroy enough box orbits to cause the shape change. Rather, box orbits merely become rounder along with the global potential. However, if angular momentum is transferred to the halo, either via satellites or via bars, a large irreversible change in the halo distribution occurs. The ability of satellites to alter the phase space distribution of the halo is of particular concern to galaxy formation simulations since halo triaxiality can profoundly influence the evolution of disks.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00100", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00231", "text": "Agencies, Bhopal Congress MP and ex-Union minister Jyotiraditya Scindia will sit on a ‘satyagraha’ in the Madhya Pradesh capital tomorrow in the support of farmers’ demand. Mr Scindia’s ‘satyagraha’ comes in the wake of Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan’s fast for restoration of peace in t he state. “Necessary arrangements for the ‘satyagraha’ have been completed at the Dussehra Ground here. Besides Mr Scindia, Leader of the Opposition Ajay Singh and the Congress’ state chief Arun Yadav would take part in the ‘satyagraha’. People from across the state would place their views during the ‘satyagraha’,” the Congress’ state spokesperson JP Dhaopiya said. Asked whether the party intended to bring the deceased peasants’ kin at the ‘satyagraha’ venue, he said Mr Scindia has gone to meet them in Mandsaur. Therefore, there is plan to call them here. Mr Scindia was on his way to meet the deceased ryots’ family members. However, the district administration has provided him requisite permission. “Madhya Pradesh’s farmers were agitating over their demands from June 1. On June 6, six peasants were killed in police firing in Mandsaur. Leader of the Opposition Ajay Singh and I rushed from Dindori to Mandsaur but were allowed to meet the peasants. Likewise, Congress Vice-President Rahul Gandhi tried to reach Mandsaur but was prevented,” Mr Yadav told media here.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00661", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00232", "text": "To my shock and mild horror, I became a Sephora VIB Rouge member this year—the highest level in Sephora’s rewards program. I qualified after spending $1,000 in a calendar year. Advertisement Am I proud of this? Unsure! But it happened and there’s nothing I can do about it. Let me now outline my journey to overspending on makeup and skincare products from Sephora in the year 2016. I won’t say this brush changed my life or even shifted it marginally. In retrospect, I’m completely sure why I bought it in the first place because I rarely put powder all over my face. Still, it’s a good brush and feels very nice and soft on my face. Do buy this eyeliner. I repeat: DO BUY THIS EYELINER. I remember the release of this product being a whole big thing because I had to be put on a wait list. I returned it. Technically, should I include returns on this list since they don’t count towards my rewards points? Don’t know. Doing it anyway as a public service. If you’ll remember, earlier this year I went through what I thought was a quarter life crisis and bought a ton of skincare products. Eyes creams seem like kind of a racket. If you use a good moisturizer, I’m convinced you need something specific for that two inches of space on your face. I still haven’t finished this small tube and likely won’t be re-buying. Another return. This was kind of a dumb purchase because you can buy much, much more shea butter for much, much less. But I liked the tiny tin and it’s a good base for matte lipstick. You could probably just put oatmeal on your face instead of spending $24 on this face mask. I wouldn’t. But someone could. I love a sheet mask. I also don’t like spending money on manicures and pedicures regularly so this is a nice in-between pick me up. Again, this is my attempt at a at-home manicure. Some good hand lotion probably would have done the trick just fine. A strong recommend for those with natural hair. My hair is fine and very dry and this is great because I like weighing it down a bit with a heavier butter moisturizer. This stuff is magic. It’s one of those products where, at $34, it’s definitely more expensive than it should be, but so exorbit", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00669", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00233", "text": "25 1984................................................... 20 1985................................................... 16 1986................................................... 10 1987................................................... 3 1988................................................... 5. ``(C) For purposes of subparagraph (B), the term `excess under former law' means, in the case of any individual, the excess of-- ``(i) the applicable former law primary insurance amount, over ``(ii) the amount which would be such individual's primary insurance amount if computed or recomputed under this section with regard to this paragraph and paragraphs (4), (5), and (6). ``(D) For purposes of subparagraph (C)(i), the term `applicable former law primary insurance amount' means, in the case of any individual, the amount which would be such individual's primary insurance amount if it were-- ``(i) computed or recomputed (pursuant to paragraph (4)(B)(i)) under section 215(a) as in effect in December 1978, or ``(ii) computed or recomputed (pursuant to paragraph (4)(B)(ii)) as provided by subsection (d), (as applicable) and modified as provided by subparagraph (E). ``(E) In determining the amount which would be an individual's primary insurance amount as provided in subparagraph (D)-- ``(i) subsection (b)(4) shall apply; ``(ii) section 215(b) as in effect in December 1978 shall apply, except that section 215(b)(2)(C) (as then in effect) shall be deemed to provide that an individual's `computation base years' may include only calendar years in the period after 1950 (or 1936 if applicable) and ending with the calendar year in which such individual attains age 61, plus the 3 calendar years after such period for which the total of such individual's wages and self-employment income is the largest; and ``(iii) subdivision (I) in the last sentence of paragraph (4) shall be applied as though the words `with regard to any increases in that table' in such subdivision read `including any increases in that table'. ``(F) This paragraph shall apply in the case of any individual only if such application results in a primary insurance amount for such individual that is greater than it would be if computed or recomputed under paragraph (4)(B) with regard to this paragraph. ``(G)(i)", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01135", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00234", "text": "Early measurements of SN 1987A indicate a beam/jet (BJ) which hit polar ejecta (PE) to produce the \"Mystery Spot\" (MS). The SN flash takes an extra 8 d to hit the MS, and this was confirmed at 2e39 ergs/s in the optical at day 8. A ramp in luminosity starting near day 10 indicates particles from the BJ hitting the PE, with the fastest particles traveling at 0.8 c, and an upper limit for the optical luminosity of the MS of 5e40 ergs/s at day 20. The details of SN 1987A strongly suggest that it resulted from a merger of 2 stellar cores of a common envelope (CE) binary, i.e. a \"double-degenerate\" (DD)-initiated SN, and is thus the Rosetta Stone for 99% of MSPs in the non-core-collapsed globular clusters, GRBs, and SNe, including all recent nearby SNe except SN 1986J and the more distant SN 2006gy. with having to blast through the CE of Sk -69 202, it is likely that the BJ would have caused a full, long-soft gamma-ray burst (lGRB) upon hitting the PE, thus DD can produce lGRBs. The typical 0.5 deg collimation of a GRB, over the 22 lt-d from SN 1987A to its PE, produces ~100 s of delay, MATCHING the observed delay of the non-prompt parts of lGRBs. Because DD must be the dominant SN mechanism in elliptical galaxies, where only short, hard GRBs (sGRBs) have been observed, DD with CE or PE must also make sGRBs, thus the initial photon spectrum of 99% of ALL GRBs is KNOWN, & neutron star (NS)-NS mergers may make GRBs as we know them. Observations of Ia's strongly suggest that these are also DD, implying another systematic effect in Ia Cosmology, as Ia's will appear to be Ic's when viewed from their DD merger poles, given sufficient matter above that lost to core- collapse (otherwise it would just beg the question of what ELSE they could possibly be). There is need to invent exotica, such as collapsars or hypernovae, to account for GRBs.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00055", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00235", "text": "ERIN, Wis. (AP) — Dustin Johnson wrapped up his final day practice round for the U.S. Open just as the sky began to rumble and the horn sounded to stop play at Erin Hills. The timing could have been better for the world's No. 1 player, as it has been the past two weeks. As much as he hates missing cuts, the Memorial two weeks ago was a good time for Johnson to have a weekend off. It allowed him to spend two days in Wisconsin getting to know the longest course in U.S. Open history, realizing that he would be a late arrival to Erin Hills because of some important family matters. River Jones Johnson, his second son, was born on Monday. He finds out Thursday whether his game is in shape for Johnson to become the first back-to-back U.S. Open champion in 28 years, but his mood could be better. About the only thing to fear, outside of the thick fescue that frames the fairways at Erin Hills, is the house where he is staying. It has a double-spiral staircase. \"I sit down when I go down the stairs now,\" Johnson said with a smile. \"I slide down on my butt.\" Stairs were the only thing that could stop him earlier this year. A winner of three straight tournaments — against the strongest fields of the year — Johnson slipped in his socks going downstairs to move his car in the rain on the eve of the Masters and bruised his back so badly that he had to withdraw the next day. He has won in four starts since then, and his game has looked as sharp as it once did. He concedes he lost some momentum. Even so, he is the betting favorite at the 117th U.S. Open on a course that would appear to suit his game perfectly, especially with more rain Wednesday afternoon and a forecast for occasional storms on Friday and Saturday. The greens are soft enough that Johnson is getting yardages to the hole, knowing his shots will bounce away too far. \"I hope they play it all the way back on every hole,\" he said. \"Why not? It's going to be soft. I hope it's windy. I hope it's long, but it does matter.\" Johnson is one to feel much pressure — he does show much, anyway — even playing his first major as the No. 1 player in the world. If anything, the", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 492, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00746", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00236", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Quality Health Care Coalition Act of 2005''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) According to a 2002 survey conducted by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 95 percent of the Americans who receive their health care coverage through their employer are enrolled in a managed health care plan, up from 27 percent in 1987. Serious questions have been raised about the quality of care patients are receiving under these plans. (2) Changes in the health care industry have led to an increased concentration of health care plans, including approximately 177 mergers in the last 13 years. This enhanced concentration has given health care plans significant leverage over health care providers and patients. (3) Antitrust laws which prohibit health care professionals from negotiating freely with health care plans infringe on the health care professionals' constitutionally-protected rights of freedom of association and contract. (4) Repealing Federal laws which prohibit medical professionals from negotiating collectively with health care plans will create a more equal balance of negotiating power, will promote cooperation, and will enhance the quality of patient care. (5) Repealing Federal laws which prohibit medical professionals from negotiating collectively with health care plans will change the professionals ethical duty to continue to provide medically necessary care to their patients. SEC. 3. APPLICATION OF THE FEDERAL ANTITRUST LAWS TO HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS NEGOTIATING WITH HEALTH PLANS. (a) In General.--Any health care professionals who are engaged in negotiations with a health plan regarding the terms of any contract under which the professionals provide health care items or services for which benefits are provided under such plan shall, in connection with such negotiations, be exempt from the Federal antitrust laws. (b) Limitation.-- (1) new right for collective cessation of service.--The exemption provided in subsection (a) shall confer any new right to participate in any collective cessation of service to patients already permitted by existing law. (2) change in national labor relations act.--This section applies only to health care professionals excluded from the National Labor Relations Act. Nothing in this section shall be construed as changing or amending any provision of the National Labor Relations Act, or as affecting the status of any group of persons under that Act. (c) Application to Federal Programs.--Nothing in this section shall apply to negotiations between health care", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00884", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00237", "text": "The Localized Waves are nondiffracting (\"soliton-like\") and self-reconstructing solutions to the wave equations, and are known to exist with subluminal, luminal and superluminal peak-velocities. The most studied ones are the \"X-shaped\" superluminal waves; which are associated with a cone, so that some authors [e.g., Walker and Kuperman, PRL 99 (Dec.2007) 244802] have been tempted to link them with Cherenkov radiation. However, the \"X-waves\" belong to a different realm, and exist even in the vacuum, independently of any media, as verified in a number of papers [listed e.g. in \"Localized Waves\" (J.Wiley; Jan.2008)]. We want to clarify the whole question on the basis of rigorous formalism and clear physical considerations. In particular, by explicit calculations based on Maxwell equations only, we show that: (i) the X-waves exist also inside both the front and the rear part of their double cone (that has nothing to do with Cherenkov's); (ii) they are to be found via ad hoc assumptions, but by use of strict mathematical (or experimental) procedures; (iii) the ideal X-waves possess infinite energy, but finite-energy X-waves can be easily constructed (even with space-time truncations): And we do construct exact finite-energy solutions (totally free from backward-traveling waves); (iv) an actual attempt at comparing Cherenkov radiation with X-waves would lead one to consider the very different situation of the (X-shaped, too) field generated by a superluminal point-charge, a question exploited in previous papers [Recami et al., PRE 69 (2004) 027602]: We show explicitly, here, that the point-charge would lose energy in the vacuum, and its field would need to be continuously feeded by incoming side-waves (as it is the case, indeed, for an ideal, ordinary X-wave).", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 420, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00478", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00238", "text": "Following an earlier analysis which examined the effect of the self-gravity of pressure on big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), we explore the effect of pressure's self-gravity on the structure of neutron stars. We construct an ad hoc modification of the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation wherein pressure's self-gravity is parameterized by a constant, $\\chi$, with $0 \\le \\chi \\le 1$. The full general relativistic contribution to the gravity of pressure is recovered with $\\chi = 1$, and is eliminated when $\\chi = 0$. This formulation is proposed as an alternative theory of gravity, but is merely used to quantify the extent to which the self-gravity of pressure contributes to the structure of dense objects. As can be surmised qualitatively, neutron star masses can be quite sensitive to $\\chi$, with higher values of neutron-star mass (by $\\sim$20--25%) allowed for smaller values of $\\chi$. However, for a given equation of state, the range of neutron star radii or the radii at fixed central density depend sensitively on $\\chi$. Over the neutron star mass range measured so far, the presence or absence of pressure's self-gravity yields a nearly immeasurable change in radius -- much smaller than the variations in radius due to the uncertainty in the equation of state. In contrast to the result for BBN, we thus find that neutron stars are likely to be useful testbeds for examining the self-gravity of pressure.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 309, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00420", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00239", "text": "the bill is passed, the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall cause the bill to be engrossed, certified, and transmitted to the Senate within one calendar day of the day on which the bill is passed. ``(2)(A) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed to the consideration of a bill under this section shall be highly privileged and debatable. An amendment to the motion shall be in order, or shall it be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to. ``(B) Debate in the House of Representatives on a bill under this section shall exceed 4 hours, which shall be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing the bill. A motion further to limit debate shall be debatable. It shall be in order to move to recommit a bill under this section or to move to reconsider the vote by which the bill is agreed to or disagreed to. ``(C) Appeals from decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the Rules of the House of Representatives to the procedure relating to a bill under this section shall be decided with debate. ``(3)(A) A bill transmitted to the Senate pursuant to paragraph (1)(C) shall be referred to its Committee on Appropriations. The committee shall report the bill with substantive revision and with or with recommendation. The bill shall be reported later than the seventh legislative day of the Senate after it receives the bill. A committee failing to report the bill within such period shall be automatically discharged from consideration of the bill, and the bill shall be placed upon the appropriate calendar. ``(B) A vote on final passage of a bill transmitted to the Senate shall be taken on or before the close of the 10th legislative day of the Senate after the date on which the bill is transmitted. ``(4)(A) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the consideration of a bill under this section shall be privileged and debatable. An amendment to the motion shall be in order, or shall it be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to. ``(B) Debate in the Senate on a bill under this section, and all debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall exceed 10 hours. The time shall be equally divided between, and controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader or their designees. ``(C) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01005", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00240", "text": "This paper is on beamforming in wireless relay networks with perfect channel information at relays, the receiver, and the transmitter if there is a direct link between the transmitter and receiver. It is assumed that every node in the network has its own power constraint. A two-step amplify-and-forward protocol is used, in which the transmitter and relays only use match filters to form a beam at the receiver but also adaptively adjust their transmit powers according to the channel strength information. For a network with any number of relays and direct link, the optimal power control is solved analytically. The complexity of finding the exact solution is linear in the number of relays. Our results show that the transmitter should always use its maximal power and the optimal power used at a relay is a binary function. It can take any value between zero and its maximum transmit power. Also, this value depends on the quality of all other channels in addition to the relay's own channels. Despite this coupling fact, distributive strategies are proposed in which, with the aid of a low-rate broadcast from the receiver, a relay needs only its own channel information to implement the optimal power control. Simulated performance shows that network beamforming achieves the maximal diversity and outperforms other existing schemes. Then, beamforming in networks with a direct link are considered. We show that when the direct link exists during the first step only, the optimal power control is the same as that of networks with direct link. For networks with a direct link during the second step, recursive numerical algorithms are proposed to solve the power control problem. Simulation shows that by adjusting the transmitter and relays' powers adaptively, network performance is significantly improved.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 338, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00362", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00241", "text": "Astrophysical constraints of new physics are often limited to weakly interacting light particles, such as axions, the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons from the ADD model, sterile neutrinos and unparticles. We discuss the possibility for an astrophysical scenario to (dis)confirm new physics for heavy particles beyond TeV energy scale. In our scenario, the KK protons (the KK excited quarks/gluons within protons) within the framework of universal extra dimensions (UEDs), are produced by high energy p + p collisions in Fermi accelerated environments, with protonic isotropic spectrum d N / d E \\propto E^-2 up to at least 10^18 eV. Thus, because they are also electrically charged, they should be re-accelerated by mechanism similar to normal protons. The KK states (matter whether they have already decayed to the lightest KK particle or not) should contaminate 10^-5 to 10^-2 of cosmic-ray events for some fixed energy E (within some suitable assumptions). Hence, if we have techniques to identify them from air shower data, we can constrain UEDs scenario. Our method is an \"existence proof\" that we can constrain new physics beyond TeV scale or much higher by classical astrophysical scenarios, which can also be generalized to supersymmetric models, the bulk Standard Model fields within the RS model, and the endlessly emerging new models. Moreover, it can exploit domains which have possibility to be studied in terrestrial experiments.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00441", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00242", "text": "Image via YouTube. Alex Jones, the radio personality and conspiracy theorist who may be wider than he is long, is currently involved in a child custody trial in Austin, Texas with his ex-wife Kelly Jones. In the trial, Jones has been forced to reckon with his career of dangerous misinformation and pseudo-cult leadership, and he has attempted to do so with the argument that his entire public persona is an act, and with that defense, he joins a host of famous men who want to be taken seriously until they don’t. Advertisement At a pretrial hearing, his attorney Randall Wilhite argued that to use Jones’s Infowars personality to judge Jones as a father would be, according to the Austin Statesman like “judging Jack Nicholson in a custody dispute based on his performance as the Joker in Batman.” “He’s playing a character,” Wilhite said. “He is a performance artist.” Advertisement Kelly Jones countered in her own testimony, “He is a stable person... He says he wants to break Alec Baldwin’s neck. He wants J. Lo to get raped.” “I’m concerned that he is engaged in felonious behavior, threatening a member of Congress... he broadcasts from home. The children are there, watching him broadcast.” The case now depends on a jury’s ability to distinguish between the public and private Alex Jones, and whether the purported difference between the two personas might make a difference with regard to his parenting. Sponsored It’s overly generous to take Alex Jones or his attorney at their word, but to indulge them briefly, any reasonable consumer of media would have valid reason to doubt that Jones believes what he preaches. Infowars purports to be a news-from-a-specific-deranged-viewpoint media company, and, in support of that role, has interviewed exactly one presidential candidate—the same one who later called Jones to thank him for his influence after he won the most recent election. Jones “reports” “facts” sold as absolute truth, even when there is evidence to support them (more likely, there’s hard evidence disproving them)—most recently, Jones promoted the Pizzagate scandal which alleged that Hillary Clinton and John Podesta ran a child sex-trafficking ring in the basement of a pizza-and-ping pong restaurant in Washington DC. Jones later apologized for his role in spreading the conspiracy, which influenced numerous “concerned citizens” to call the pizza place with death threats; one North Carolina man traveled to DC to “", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00674", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00243", "text": "We have re-analyzed FUSE data and obtained new Chandra observations of Haro 11, a local (D_L=88 Mpc) UV luminous galaxy. Haro 11 has a similar far-UV luminosity (10^10.3 L_\\odot), UV surface brightness (10^9.4 L_\\odot kpc^-2), SFR, and metallicity to that observed in Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs). We show that Haro 11 has extended, soft thermal (kT~0.68 keV) X-ray emission with a luminosity and size which scales with the physical properties (e.g. SFR, stellar mass) of the host galaxy. An enhanced alpha/Fe, ratio of ~4 relative to solar abundance suggests significant supernovae enrichment. These results are consistent with the X-ray emission being produced in a shock between a supernovae driven outflow and the ambient material. The FUV spectra show strong absorption lines similar to those observed in LBG spectra. A blueshifted absorption component is identified as a wind outflowing at ~200-280 km/s. OVI\\lambda\\lambda1032,1038 emission, the dominant cooling mechanism for coronal gas at T~10^5.5 K is also observed. If associated with the outflow, the luminosity of the OVI emission suggests that <20% of the total mechanical energy from the supernovae and solar winds is being radiated away. This implies that radiative cooling through OVI is significantly inhibiting the growth of the outflowing gas. In contradiction to the findings of Bergvall et al 2006, we find convincing evidence of Lyman continuum leakage in Haro 11. We conclude that the wind has created a `tunnel' allowing the escape of a significant fraction of Lyman continuum photons and place a limit on the escape fraction of f_{esc}<2%. Overall, both Haro 11 and a previously observed LBG analogue VV 114, provide an invaluable insight into the X-ray and FUV properties of high redshift LBGs.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 437, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00099", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00244", "text": "is engaged in oil price fixing to the detriment of the United States economy an explanation whether that determination rests on a finding that the country is engaged in oil price fixing, or a finding that it is engaged in oil price fixing but that price fixing is detrimental to the United States economy. SEC. 6. REDUCTION, SUSPENSION, OR TERMINATION OF UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE. later than 10 days after the date on which the President transmits to the Congress the report pursuant to section 4, the President shall reduce, suspend, or terminate assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control Act, including the license for export of defense articles or defense services under section 38 of such Act, to each country determined by the President pursuant to section 5 to be engaged in oil price fixing to the detriment of the United States economy. SEC. 7. DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS. (a) Efforts With Respect to Oil Exporting Countries.--It is the sense of the Congress that the United States should continue to undertake a concerted diplomatic campaign to convince all countries that are major net oil exporters that the current oil price levels are unsustainable and will negatively effect global economic growth rates in oil consuming and developing countries. (b) Efforts With Respect to Oil Importing Countries.--It is the sense of Congress that the United States should undertake a concerted diplomatic campaign to convince other countries that are major net oil importers to join in multilateral efforts to bring about the complete dismantlement of international oil price fixing arrangements. (c) Report on Diplomatic Efforts.--later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to the Congress a report describing the United States diplomatic efforts undertaken in accordance with subsection (a) and (b), and the results achieved by those efforts. SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Oil price fixing.--The term ``oil price fixing'' means participation in any agreement, arrangement, or understanding with other countries that are oil exporters to increase the price of oil or natural gas by means of, inter alia, limiting oil or gas production or establishing minimum prices for oil or gas. (2) OPEC.--The term ``OPEC'' means the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 470, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01066", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00245", "text": "Temperature anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) are affected by the late Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (lISW) effect caused by any time-variation of the gravitational potential on linear scales. Dark energy is the only source of lISW, since massive neutrinos induce a small decay of the potential on small scales during both matter and dark energy domination. In this work, we study the prospect of using the cross-correlation between CMB and galaxy density maps as a tool for constraining the neutrino mass. On the one hand massive neutrinos reduce the cross-correlation spectrum because free-streaming slows down structure formation; on the other hand, they enhance it through their change in the effective linear growth. We show that in the observable range of scales and redshifts, the first effect dominates, but the second one is negligible. We carry out an error forecast analysis by fitting some mock data inspired by the Planck satellite, Dark Energy Survey (DES) and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The inclusion of the cross-correlation data from Planck and LSST increases the sensitivity to the neutrino mass m_nu by 38% (and to the dark energy equation of state w by 83%) with respect to Planck alone. The correlation between Planck and DES brings a far less significant improvement. This method is potentially as good for detecting m_nu as the measurement of galaxy, cluster or cosmic shear power spectra, but since it is independent and affected by different systematics, it remains potentially interesting if the total neutrino mass is of the order of 0.2 eV; if instead it is close to the lower bound from atmospheric oscillations, m_nu ~ 0.05 eV, we do expect the ISW-galaxy correlation to be ever sensitive to m_nu.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00194", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00246", "text": "From extensive radiative transfer calculations we find that clumpy torus models with \\No \\about 5--15 dusty clouds along radial equatorial rays successfully explain AGN infrared observations. The dust has standard Galactic composition, with individual cloud optical depth \\tV \\about 30--100 at visual. The models naturally explain the observed behavior of the 10\\mic silicate feature, in particular the lack of deep absorption features in AGN of any type. The weak 10\\mic emission feature tentatively detected in type 2 QSO can be reproduced if in these sources \\drops to \\about 2 or \\tV exceeds \\about 100. The clouds angular distribution must have a soft-edge, e.g., Gaussian profile, the radial distribution should decrease as $1/r$ or $1/r^2$. Compact tori can explain all observations, in agreement with the recent interferometric evidence that the ratio of the torus outer to inner radius is perhaps as small as \\about 5--10. Clumpy torus models can produce nearly isotropic IR emission together with highly anisotropic obscuration, as required by observations. In contrast with strict variants of unification schemes where the viewing-angle uniquely determines the classification of an AGN into type 1 or 2, clumpiness implies that it is only a probabilistic effect; a source can display type 1 properties even from directions close to the equatorial plane. The fraction of obscured sources depends only on the torus angular thickness but also on the cloud number \\No. The observed decrease of this fraction at increasing luminosity can be explained with a decrease of either torus angular thickness or cloud number, but only the latter option explains also the possible emergence of a 10\\mic emission feature in QSO2.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 363, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00416", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00247", "text": "ENGLEWOOD, Colorado (AP) — Terrell Davis' first visit to Denver Broncos headquarters since being elected to the Hall of Fame brought back memories of his first training camp when he could see much of a future in football and came close to quitting. The Broncos were in Japan practicing for a preseason game against the San Francisco 49ers in the summer of 1995. \"Let's just say, if I spoke better Japanese I would be here,\" Davis said Wednesday. \"I'm telling you, I was this close to walking out of there because I looked at everything around me and I just had shot of making the team. I was a sixth-round draft pick, I was seventh on the depth chart, I wasn't getting any reps in practice, I had my coach constantly on me and it just did feel like there was any way of me making the team.\" Davis did figure he had much of a present in football, much less a future. \"And yeah, I had a moment, I had a weak moment where I thought after practice I'm out of here. I'm going to wait until we get back to Denver to get cut. I'm going to walk out of here,\" Davis said. \"Thank God I did. And then I made the big hit.\" In the preseason game against the 49ers, Davis delivered a crushing hit on kick returner Tyrone Drakeford that got the attention of the coaching staff and prompted fellow future Hall of Famer Shannon Sharpe to marvel, \"Who was that?\" That was the man who would go down in league history as the only running back to own back-to-back Super Bowl titles, an MVP trophy, a Super Bowl MVP honor, a 2,000-yard season and seven consecutive playoff wins in which he topped 100 yards rushing. Davis, who will be inducted into the Hall of Fame this summer, said he uses that rags-to-riches anecdote all the time. \"Because it goes to show you that my thing is if you quit, the result is always failure,\" said Davis, now an analyst for the NFL Network. \"But if you do quit, you know what the outcome could be. So, quitting on yourself should be an option, which I almost did. \"And for anybody that's out there struggling... I try to tell them even if your situation seems dire, do give up. Just keep fighting, keep fighting", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 489, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00826", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00248", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Full Disclosure Act''. SEC. 2. REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES. (a) Fannie Mae.-- (1) Mortgage-backed securities.--Section 304(d) of the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1719(d)) is amended by striking the fourth sentence and inserting the following new sentence: ``Securities issued by the corporation under this subsection shall be exempt securities within the meaning of the laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission.'' (2) Subordinate obligations.--Section 304(e) of the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1719(e)) is amended by striking the fourth sentence and inserting the following new sentence: ``Obligations issued by the corporation under this subsection shall be exempt securities within the meaning of the laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission.'' (3) Securities.--Section 311 of the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1723c) is amended-- (A) in the section header, by striking ``association''; (B) by inserting ``(a) in general.--'' after ``sec. 311.''; (C) in the second sentence, by inserting ``by the Association'' after ``issued''; and (D) by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(b) Treatment of Corporation Securities.-- ``(1) In general.--Any stock, obligations, securities, participations, or other instruments issued or guaranteed by the corporation pursuant to this title shall be exempt securities within the meaning of the laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. ``(2) Exemption for approved sellers.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this title or the Securities Act of 1933, transactions involving the initial disposition by an approved seller of pooled certificates that are acquired by that seller from the corporation upon the initial issuance of the pooled certificates shall be deemed to be transactions by a person other than an issuer, underwriter, or dealer within the meaning of the laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. ``(3) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection: ``(A) Approved seller.--The term `approved seller' means an institution approved by the corporation to sell mortgage loans to the corporation in exchange for pooled certificates. ``(B) Pooled certificates.--The term `pooled certificates' means single class mortgage-backed securities guaranteed", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01002", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00249", "text": "ASPEN, Colo. (AP) — It certainly wasn't the first time Iouri Podladtchikov had elicited gasps from a halfpipe crowd. This time, though, there was nothing to celebrate. A mere two weeks before he was to defend his Olympic title, the snowboarder called I-Pod bashed his face against the halfpipe and skidded lifelessly to the bottom. Though he was diagnosed with a broken nose and brain or neck trauma, Sunday's injury at the Winter X Games still served as a stark reminder of the stakes involved in the beautiful, dangerous sport of professional snowboarding. \"There's doubt it's a risky game, especially at the highest level,\" said coach Bud Keene, who worked with Shaun White during the previous three Olympics. \"We watch people like Shaun and Ayumu (Hirano) execute amazing, acrobatic runs, flawlessly and seemingly effortlessly. The truth is, they're putting the pedal down, and when you're punching it, there's a certain amount of hope that things will work out. \"Modern halfpipe riding is a mixture of talent, strength and crazy.\" Seemingly big name in the sport, which has grown exponentially since it was introduced to the Olympics in 1998, is immune to torn-up knees, broken wrists, busted ankles and, in the worst-case scenario, trauma to the head and neck. White is coming back from a gruesome injury that occurred when he slammed his face on the wall of a halfpipe in New Zealand last October. Eight years ago at Winter X, he slammed his head into the halfpipe during a training run but was still allowed to compete; he won on the way to his second Olympic title. everyone escapes unharmed. The two most high-profile cases involved Kevin Pearce, who suffered a traumatic brain injury in a 2009 training accident, and halfpipe skier Sarah Burke, who was killed in a training accident in 2012. I-Pod's wreck stands out only because he is the defending Olympic champion who patented the Yolo Flip, which has become widely viewed as the toughest trick on the halfpipe, but because it came on a national telecast during the biggest contest this side of the Olympics, less than two weeks before the Pyeongchang Games are set to start. Podladtchikov laid motionless at the bottom of the nearly silent halfpipe for about 20", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00803", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00250", "text": "We present a detailed reconstruction of the star-formation history of the Constellation III region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, to constrain the formation mechanism of this enigmatic feature. Star formation in Constellation III seems to have taken place during two distinct epochs: there is the 8-15 Myr epoch that had previously been recognized, but we also see strong evidence for a separate \"burst\" of star formation 25-30 Myr ago. The \"super-supernova\" or GRB blast wave model for the formation of Constellation III is difficult to reconcile with such an extended, two-epoch star formation history, because the shock wave should have induced star formation throughout the structure simultaneously, and any unconsumed gas would quickly be dissipated, leaving nothing from which to form a subsequent burst of activity. We propose a \"truly stochastic\" self-propagating star formation model, distinct from the canonical model in which star formation proceeds in a radially-directed wave from the center of Constellation III to its perimeter. As others have noted, and we now confirm, the bulk age gradients demanded by such a model are simply present in Constellation III. In our scenario, the prestellar gas is somehow pushed into these large-scale arc structures, with simultaneously triggering immediate and violent star formation throughout the structure. Rather, star formation proceeds in the arc according to the local physical conditions of the gas. Self-propagating star formation is certainly possible, but in a truly stochastic manner, with a directed, large scale pattern.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00248", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00251", "text": "Parallaxes of W UMa stars in the Hipparcos catalogue have been analyzed. 31 W UMa stars, which have the most accurate parallaxes ($\\sigma_{\\pi}/\\pi<0.15$) which are associated with a photometric tertiary or with evidence of a visual companion, were selected for re-calibrating the Period--Luminosity--Color (PLC) relation of W UMa stars. Using the Lutz--Kelker (LK) bias corrected (most probable) parallaxes, periods ($0.26< P(day)< 0.87$), and colors (0.04<$(B-V)_{0}$<1.28) of the 31 selected W UMa, the PLC relation have been revised and re-calibrated. The difference between the old (revised but bias corrected) and the new (LK bias corrected) relations are almost negligible in predicting the distances of W UMa stars up to about 100 parsecs. But, it increases and may become intolerable as distances of stars increase. Additionally, using $(J-H)_{0}$ and $(H-K_{s})_{0}$ colors from 2MASS (Two Micron All Sky Survey) data, a PLC relation working with infrared data was derived. It can be used with infrared colors in the range $-0.01<(J-H)_{0}<0.58$, and $-0.10<(H-K_{s})_{0}<0.18$. Despite {\\em 2MASS} data are single epoch observations, which are guaranteed at maximum brightness of the W UMa stars, the established relation has been found surprisingly consistent and reliable in predicting LK corrected distances of W UMa stars.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00484", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00252", "text": "use social media, it's only the pastor communicating on behalf of the church, but Christians communicating among each other.\" Although such Twitter services are yet to catch on, embracing the latest media trend is nothing new for Protestants. Five-hundred years ago, when Martin Luther first protested against corruption in the Catholic Church, it was the then relatively new printing press that helped his challenge to papal authority to \"go viral.\" Luther's supporters printed his radical ideas in pamphlets. Cheap to produce and easy to distribute, these pamphlets fostered public debate. Ulrike Zitzlsperger, a professor of German studies at the University of Exeter in England, says the 16th century pamphlet was the social media of Luther's day. \"I think the parallels with the use of Twitter today are really strong,\" Zitzlsperger says. \"You've got a topic that engages just an educated public but really the wider public, the lay people. Everybody has a say.\" Luther's followers shared these pamphlets and responded to them by printing their own. These Twitter-like discussions spread so rapidly that the Catholic Church could do little to censor what it called heresy. Today though, it's longer dissent but disinterest that threatens the Christian church in Europe. Back in Magdeburg, the Twitter service is in full swing. Messages from around Germany, where dozens of others participated, are displayed on the church's interactive screen in front of the altar. Some posts are encouraging, like the one from a Twitter user who tweets in German, \"We all make mistakes. God will show us the right way.\" Some users share their private prayers, like one who posts: \"I pray for the unborn child in my belly and that it is blessed with good health.\" Other users are less convinced. \"Sorry, this is too hectic,\" one writes. \"I go to church to find inner peace. I'm signing off.\" It's also too much for 86-year-old Ingeborg Brunner, who tiptoes out of church before the Twitter service is over. Brunner does own a smartphone, so she feels somewhat left out. \"It was certainly interesting, but it's my cup of tea\" Brunner admits. \"I'm a little old for Twitter. I prefer a proper service, when we get to sing hymns.\" While Brunner says she's pleased the church is appealing to the digitally devout, regular churchgoers like her", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00590", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00253", "text": "that person who was safe to carry a gun when they were 21, or 31 or 41 still be totally completely together when they're 91?\" she asked. \"We have a serious issue with our aging population that is well-armed.\" Cornish dismissed concerns from Protect Minnesota, whom he called \"gun-haters.\" A former police officer who chairs the House Public Safety and Security Committee, Cornish said the initial training and background check would sufficiently vet applicants the first time. The lifetime permits holders, he said, could lose their permit if convicted of crimes that would bar them from carrying a handgun. Cornish's bill also aims to lower the cost of legally carrying a firearm by reducing the maximum permit fee counties can charge from $100 to $50. Applicants currently pay permit fees to counties in addition to the cost for permit to carry classes, which range from about $90 to $150. Although Protect Minnesota estimates the permit fees generate nearly $1 million for the state, Cornish said the process has become unduly expensive for applicants. \"There's a number of counties who've gotten more money in their pocket from that than they need,\" he said. \"It's that expensive to do background checks and issue these cards any more.\" From the other side of the aisle, two bills to be reintroduced by Sen. Ron Latz, D-St. Louis Park, and Rep. Dave Pinto, D-St. Paul, next week have gained support from Protect Minnesota. One bill would require background checks for any gun purchases made by private sellers in Minnesota. Only licensed retailers now are required to conduct background checks. The second Latz-Pinto bill would establish \"red flag laws\" allowing families and law enforcement officers to petition courts to have guns temporarily confiscated from people at risk of hurting themselves or other people. The third bill to receive support from Protect Minnesota would allocate state funding into gun violence prevention programs. Sen. Jeff Hayden, D-Minneapolis, will introduce the bill in memory of his sister, who was killed in the crossfire of an Atlanta shooting last summer. Other Gun bills • Permitless carry bills proposed in both the House and Senate would allow any citizen to carry \"any firearm or self-defense device\" with a permit. A carry permit would would be optional, but required to carry a handgun. Under this bill, any public official who \"interferes with the right to carry a pistol\" would be subject to misdemeanor charges. • A second set", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00584", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00254", "text": "the State of Hawaii. ``(6) Standard sales provisions.--Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the Secretary may require the State of Hawaii to comply with the standard sales provisions applicable to purchasers of petroleum product at competitive sales. ``(7) Eligible entities.-- ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C) and notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, if the Governor of the State of Hawaii certifies to the Secretary that the State has entered into an agreement with an eligible entity to carry out this Act, the eligible entity may act on behalf of the State of Hawaii to carry out this subsection. ``(B) Limitation.--The Governor of the State of Hawaii shall certify more than 1 eligible entity under this paragraph for each notice of sale. ``(C) Barred company.--If the Secretary has notified the Governor of the State of Hawaii that a company has been barred from bidding (either prior to, or at the time that a notice of sale is issued), the Governor shall certify the company under this paragraph. ``(7) Supplies of petroleum products.--At the request of the governor of an insular area, the Secretary shall, for a period to exceed 180 days following a drawdown of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, assist the insular area in its efforts to maintain adequate supplies of petroleum products from traditional and non-traditional suppliers.''. SEC. 3. REGULATIONS. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out the amendment made by section 2. (b) Administrative Procedure.--Regulations issued to carry out the amendment made by section 2 shall be subject to-- (1) section 523 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6393); or (2) section 501 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7191). SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE. The amendment made by section 2 takes effect on the earlier of-- (1) the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act; or (2) the date that final regulations are issued under section 3.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 444, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00903", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00255", "text": "Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on the day after the date of enactment of this Act. (c) Denial of Payments for Hospital Services or Ambulatory Surgical Center Services That Directly Harm Patients.-- (1) In general.--Section 1862(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395y(a)) is amended-- (A) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (21); (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (22) and inserting ``; or''; and (C) by inserting after paragraph (22) the following new paragraph: ``(23) which are inpatient or outpatient hospital services or facility services furnished in an ambulatory surgical facility if in the provision of such services there occurred a type of event (such as a surgical event, product or device event, patient protection event, care management event, environmental event, or criminal event) which the Secretary has determined, based on a consensus process involving clinicians, quality experts, health care providers, and patients, which should occur.''. (2) Potential application of nqf `` events'' lists.-- Nothing in section 1862(a)(23) of the Social Security Act, as inserted by paragraph (1), shall be construed as preventing the Secretary of Health and Human Services from applying all (or a subset of) the events that are listed and endorsed as ``serious reportable events'' (also known as `` events)'' by the National Quality Forum as of November 16, 2006, (or such subsequent, revised list of such events issued by such Forum as the Secretary may specify) as events described in such section. (3) Conforming amendments.-- (A) Section 1834(j)(4)(C) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(j)(4)(C)) is amended by striking ``or 1862(a)(23)'' after ``1862(a)(1)''. (B) Section 1842(l) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395u(l)) is amended-- (i) in paragraph (1)(A)(iii)-- (I) by striking ``or (II)'' and inserting ``, (II)''; and (II) by inserting ``, or (III) payment under this title is denied under section 1862(a)(23)'' after ``", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01120", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00256", "text": "is incorporated. SEC. 8. OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION. The officers of the corporation and the election of such officers shall be as provided in the articles of incorporation of the corporation and in conformity with the laws of the State in which it is incorporated. SEC. 9. RESTRICTIONS. (a) Use of Income and Assets.--part of the income or assets of the corporation shall inure to any member, officer, or director of the corporation or be distributed to any such person during the life of the charter under this Act. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the payment of reasonable compensation to the officers of the corporation or reimbursement for actual necessary expenses in amounts approved by the board of directors. (b) Loans.--The corporation shall make any loan to any officer, director, or employee of the corporation. (c) Political Activity.--The corporation, any officer, or any director of the corporation, acting as such officer or director, shall contribute to, support, or otherwise participate in any political activity or in any manner attempt to influence legislation. (d) Issuance of Stock and Payment of Dividends.--The corporation shall have power to issue any shares of stock or to declare or pay any dividends. (e) Claims of Federal Approval.--The corporation shall claim congressional approval or Federal Government authority for any of its activities. SEC. 10. LIABILITY. The corporation shall be liable for the acts of its officers and agents when acting within the scope of their authority. SEC. 11. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF BOOKS AND RECORDS. (a) Books and Records of Account.--The corporation shall keep correct and complete books and records of account and shall keep minutes of any proceeding of the corporation involving any of its members, the board of directors, or any committee having authority under the board of directors. (b) Names and Addresses of Members.--The corporation shall keep at its principal office a record of the names and addresses of all members having the right to vote in any proceeding of the corporation. (c) Right To Inspect Books and Records.--All books and records of the corporation may be inspected by any member having the right to vote, or by any agent or attorney of such member, for any proper purpose, at any reasonable time. (d) Application of State Law.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to contravene any applicable State law. SEC. 12.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01086", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00257", "text": "The Secretary shall ensure that any lease entered into under the program with a foreign government shall impair national security. ``(e) Deposits of Amounts Received.-- ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), amounts received from a lease entered into under the program shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury during the fiscal year in which the amounts are received. ``(2) Payment of costs.-- ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary, with further appropriation, may use amounts received from a lease entered into under the program for the costs described in subsection (b). ``(B) Exception.--The Secretary may use amounts received from a lease entered into under the program for any cost described in subsection (f). ``(f) Preparation of Facilities.--The Secretary may use amounts available in the Energy Security and Infrastructure Modernization Fund established by section 404 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6239 note; Public Law 114-74) for costs described in subsection (b) that relate to the addition of a facility or changes to a facility or facility operations necessary to lease the facility, including costs relating to-- ``(1) the acquisition of land; ``(2) the acquisition of any ancillary facility or equipment; ``(3) site development; and ``(4) other necessary costs relating to capital improvement.''. (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents for the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. prec. 6201) is amended by striking the item relating to section 168 and inserting the following: ``Sec. 168. Use of underused facilities.''. SEC. 3. PILOT PROGRAM TO LEASE STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE FACILITIES. (a) In General.--Part B of title I of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 170. PILOT PROGRAM TO LEASE STORAGE AND RELATED FACILITIES. ``(a) Establishment.--later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Reform Act, as part of the program established under section 168, the Secretary shall establish a pilot program (referred to in this section as the `pilot program') to make available for lease-- ``(1) capacity for storage of more than 200,000", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01020", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00258", "text": "We have developed a new extended replica exchange method to study thermodynamics of a system in the presence of external force. Our idea is based on the exchange between different force replicas to accelerate the equilibrium process. We have shown that the refolding pathways of single ubiquitin depend on which terminus is fixed. If the N-end is fixed then the folding pathways are different compared to the case when both termini are free, but fixing the C-terminal does change them. Surprisingly, we have found that the anchoring terminal does affect the pathways of individual secondary structures of three-domain ubiquitin, indicating the important role of the multi-domain construction. Therefore, force-clamp experiments, in which one end of a protein is kept fixed, can probe the refolding pathways of a single free-end ubiquitin if one uses either the poly-ubiquitin or a single domain with the C-terminus anchored. However, it is shown that anchoring one end does affect refolding pathways of the titin domain I27, and the force-clamp spectroscopy is always capable to predict folding sequencing of this protein. We have obtained the reasonable estimate for unfolding barrier of ubiqutin. The linkage between residue Lys48 and the C-terminal of ubiquitin is found to have the dramatic effect on the location of the transition state along the end-to-end distance reaction coordinate, but the multi-domain construction leaves the transition state almost unchanged. We have found that the maximum force in the force-extension profile from constant velocity force pulling simulations depends on temperature nonlinearly. However, for some narrow temperature interval this dependence becomes linear, as have been observed in recent experiments.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 328, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00219", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00259", "text": "We investigate the effect of dust on the scaling properties of galaxy clusters based on hydrodynamic N-body simulations of structure formation. We have simulated five dust models plus a radiative cooling and adiabatic models using the same initial conditions for all runs. The numerical implementation of dust was based on the analytical computations of Montier and Giard (2004). We set up dust simulations to cover different combinations of dust parameters that put in evidence the effects of size and abundance of dust grains. Comparing our radiative plus dust cooling runs to a purely radiative cooling simulation we find that dust has an impact on cluster scaling relations. It mainly affects the normalisation of the scalings (and their evolution), whereas it introduces significant differences on their slopes. The strength of the effect depends critically on the dust abundance and grain size parameters as well as on the cluster scaling. Indeed, cooling due to dust is effective at the cluster regime and has a stronger effect on the \"baryon driven\" statistical properties of clusters such as $L_{\\rm X}-M$, $Y- M$, $S-M$ scaling relations. Major differences, relative to the radiative cooling model, are as high as 25% for the $L_{\\rm X}-M$ normalisation, and about 10% for the $Y-M$ and $S-M$ normalisations at redshift zero. On the other hand, we find that dust has almost impact on the \"dark matter driven\" $T_{\\rm mw}-M$ scaling relation. The effects are found to be dependent in equal parts on both dust abundances and grain sizes distributions for the scalings investigated in this paper. Higher dust abundances and smaller grain sizes cause larger departures from the radiative cooling (i.e. with dust) model.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 364, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00497", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00260", "text": "MELCROFT, Pa. (AP) — In a story Jan. 29 about the shooting deaths of four people at a car wash, The Associated Press, relying on information from state police, misspelled the first name of one of the female victims. She was Cortney Snyder, Courtney. A corrected version of the story is below: The Latest: Cops look at phone records in car wash shooting Police are focusing on phone records to try to piece together how a group of friends wound up at a Pennsylvania self-serve car wash in the early morning hours, where a gunman lying in wait killed four and injured one who managed to hide MELCROFT, Pa. (AP) — The Latest on the deadly shooting at a Pennsylvania car wash (all times local): 3:15 p.m. Police are focusing on phone records to try to piece together how a group of friends wound up at a Pennsylvania self-serve car wash in the early morning hours, where a gunman lying in wait killed four and injured one who managed to hide. The shooter, 28-year-old Timothy Smith, suffered a gunshot wound to the head in the Sunday shooting at Ed's Car Wash in Melcroft, a rural town about 55 miles (89 kilometers) southeast of Pittsburgh. He is on life support and is expected to survive. Victim family members say Smith was a jealous ex-boyfriend of victim Chelsie Cline. Vicki Snyder says Smith was always polite. She says he lived at home and helped out with a sister who used a wheelchair after a car accident a few years ago. ___ 8 a.m. Family members of the victims of a shooting at a Pennsylvania car wash say the man suspected of gunning down four people was driven by jealousy. State police say 28-year-old Timothy Smith opened fire early Sunday morning at Ed's Car Wash in Saltlick Township, a rural town about 55 miles (89 kilometers) southeast of Pittsburgh. Twenty-seven-year-old William Porterfield, 25-year-old Chelsie Cline, 23-year-old Cortney Snyder and 21-year-old Seth Cline were all killed. Smith was on life support Sunday and expected to survive after suffering a gunshot wound to his head. State police say it's possible that the gunshot wound was self-inflicted. Authorities would reveal how Smith knew the victims, but Chelsie Cline's half-sister, Sierra Kolarik, told the Pittsburgh", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00685", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00261", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Reciprocal Market Access Act of 2007''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following: (1) A principal negotiating objective of the United States regarding trade barriers and other trade distortions must be to expand competitive market opportunities for United States exports and to obtain fairer and more open conditions of trade by reducing or eliminating tariff and nontariff barriers and policies and practices of foreign governments directly related to trade that hinders market opportunities for United States exports or otherwise distorts United States trade. (2) One of the fundamental tenets of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is reciprocal market access and, in fact, this principle is underscored in the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization which called for ``entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade relations''. (3) If negotiations between the United States and a foreign country do provide meaningful market access for products of United States domestic producers who have sought market access assistance from the United States Government, then the United States must reduce or eliminate tariffs for products of the foreign country, having the same physical characteristics and uses pursuant to any trade agreement entered into between the United States and the foreign country. (4) With each subsequent round of bilateral, regional, and multilateral trade negotiations, tariffs have been significantly reduced or eliminated for many manufactured goods, leaving nontariff barriers as the most pervasive, significant, and challenging barriers to United States exports and market opportunities. (5) The United States market is widely recognized as one of the most open markets in the world: average United States tariff rates are very low and the United States has limited, if any, nontariff barriers. (6) Consequently, the leverage the United States has to obtain removal of nontariff barriers of foreign countries is often tariffs on imports from foreign countries into the United States. (7) Under the current negotiating process, negotiations to reduce or eliminate tariff barriers and nontariff barriers are separate and self-contained, meaning that tradeoffs are tariff- for-tariff and nontariff-for-nontariff. As a result, a tariff can be reduced or eliminated with securing elimination of the real barrier or barriers that deny United States industry access to a foreign market", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01077", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00262", "text": "We analyze heartbeat interval recordings from two independent databases: (a) 19 healthy young (avg. age 25.7 years) and 16 healthy elderly subjects (avg. age 73.8 years) during 2h under resting conditions from the Fantasia database; and (b) 29 healthy elderly subjects (avg. age 75.9 years) during $\\approx{}8$h of sleep from the SHHS database, and the same subjects recorded 5 years later. We quantify: (1) The average heart rate ; (2) the SD $\\sigma_{RR}$ and $\\sigma_{\\Delta{}RR}$ of the heartbeat intervals RR and their increments $\\Delta{}RR$; (3) the long-range correlations in RR as measured by the scaling exponent $\\alpha_{RR}$ using the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis; (4) fractal linear and nonlinear properties as represented by the scaling exponents $\\alpha^{sign}$ and $\\alpha^{mag}$ for the time series of the sign and magnitude of $\\Delta{}RR$; (5) the nonlinear fractal dimension $D(k)$ of $RR$ using the Fractal Dimension Analysis. We find: (1) significant difference in $\\left$ (P>0.05); (2) a significant difference in $\\sigma_{RR}$ and $\\sigma_{\\Delta{}RR}$ for the Fantasia groups (P<10^{-4}) but significant change with age between the elderly SHHS groups (P>0.5); (3) significant change in the fractal measures $\\alpha_{RR}$ (P>0.15), $\\alpha^{sign}$ (P>0.2), $\\alpha^{mag}$ (P>0.3), and D(k) with age. Our findings do support the hypothesis that fractal linear and nonlinear characteristics of heartbeat dynamics break down with advanced age in healthy subjects. While our results indeed show a reduced SD of heartbeat fluctuations with advanced age, the inherent temporal fractal and nonlinear organization of these fluctuations remains stable.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 422, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00243", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00263", "text": "Why? Because there is much in the way of bad to be found. In fact, I have to trick myself into thinking \"Maybe photos are more important than I originally thought!\" before I can really come up with something negative of note to say about the PH-1. It has been well documented that the Essential Phone's camera is lackluster. The software is a bit slow, and the low-light photos are far from great. The selfie camera also suffers from the software issues that hinder the main camera. However, after four updates (that's right, four updates since I received the device, more on that in a bit), I've watched the camera app improve exponentially. It's still nearly as good as the Pixel 2 camera app for instance, but it's passible. For anyone that does consider photos to be a priority, the camera app will suffice. The only other nit to pick is that the gorgeous case is the biggest fingerprint magnet I've ever seen. I'm constantly wiping the back down. Had this phone been nearly as beautiful as it is, the fingerprints would concern me. But the PH-1 is one of the most elegant smartphones I have ever held in my hand, so my propensity is to keep it clean. Essential should be cleaning up in awards for hardware design—of that there is doubt. Finally, there is headphone jack. That's okay for two reasons: Bluetooth headphones have come a very long way, and Essential included the necessary dongle so users will have to toss their standard headphones or other devices that might make use of that common interface. And that's it for the bad. The good There is almost too much to say here, so I'm going to boil it down to a few \"essential\" items. First and foremost: the design. As I said, it's gorgeous. But even the titanium sides and ceramic back take a seat to the display. it's the most cutting edge (Essential went with an LCD display, instead of the more popular, flagship level, OLED option), but the edge to edge is absolutely beautiful. Essential essentially proved that a bezel-less device is very much possible and their home screen launcher makes perfect use of the screen real estate (Figure A). Figure A The one downfall is that every app found in the Google Play Store makes use of that full screen. To Essential's credit, so far I've only found one app that did—", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 488, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00526", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00264", "text": "ES. (a) In General.--All surcharges received by the Secretary from the sale of coins issued under this Act shall be promptly paid by the Secretary in equal portions to-- (1) the George C. Marshall Foundation for the purpose of supporting the Foundation's educational and outreach programs to promote the ideals and values of George C. Marshall; and (2) the Friends of George C. Marshall for the sole purpose of constructing and operating the George C. Marshall Memorial and Visitor Center in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. (b) Audits.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall have the right to examine such books, records, documents, and other data of the George C. Marshall Foundation and the Friends of George C. Marshall as may be related to the expenditures of amounts paid under subsection (a). SEC. 9. FINANCIAL ASSURANCES. (a) Net Cost to the Government.--The Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that minting and issuing coins under this Act will result in any net cost to the United States Government. (b) Payment for Coins.--A coin shall be issued under this Act unless the Secretary has received-- (1) full payment for the coin; (2) security satisfactory to the Secretary to indemnify the United States for full payment; or (3) a guarantee of full payment satisfactory to the Secretary from a depository institution whose deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Administration.", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 301, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00974", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00265", "text": "We present the results of the X-ray spectral analysis of an XMM-Newton-selected type II QSO sample with z>0.5 and 0.5-10 keV flux of 0.3-33 x 10^{-14} erg/s/cm^2. The distribution of absorbing column densities in type II QSOs is investigated and the dependence of absorption on X-ray luminosity and redshift is studied. We inspected 51 spectroscopically classified type II QSO candidates from the XMM-Newton Marano field survey, the XMM-Newton-2dF wide angle survey (XWAS), and the AXIS survey to set-up a well-defined sample with secure optical type II identifications. Fourteen type II QSOs were classified and an X-ray spectral analysis performed. Since most of our sources have only ~40 X-ray counts (PN-detector), we carefully studied the fit results of the simulated X-ray spectra as a function of fit statistic and binning method. We determined that fitting the spectra with the Cash-statistic and a binning of minimum one count per bin recovers the input values of the simulated X-ray spectra best. Above 100 PN counts, the free fits of the spectrum's slope and absorbing hydrogen column density are reliable. We find only moderate absorption (N_H=(2-10) x 10^22 cm^-2) and obvious trends with redshift and intrinsic X-ray luminosity. In a few cases a Compton-thick absorber can be excluded. Two type II objects with X-ray absorption were discovered. We find evidence for an intrinsic separation between type II AGN and high X-ray luminosity type II QSO in terms of absorption. The stacked X-ray spectrum of our 14 type II QSOs shows iron K-alpha line. In contrast, the stack of the 8 type II AGN reveals a very prominent iron K-alpha line at an energy of ~ 6.6 keV and an EW ~ 2 keV.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 410, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00338", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00266", "text": "D) Relocation of members of the armed forces.-- Paragraph (1) shall apply in the case of a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty who moves pursuant to a military order and incident to a permanent change of station. ``(3) Joint returns.--In the case of a credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to a joint return, half of such credit shall be treated as having been allowed to each individual filing such return for purposes of this subsection. ``(4) Return requirement.--If the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year is increased under this subsection, the taxpayer shall, notwithstanding section 6012, be required to file a return with respect to the taxes imposed under this subtitle. ``(d) Limitation Based on Amount of Tax.--In the case of a taxable year to which section 26(a)(2) does apply, the credit allowed under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall exceed the excess of-- ``(1) the sum of the regular tax liability (as defined in section 26(b)) plus the tax imposed by section 55, over ``(2) the sum of the credits allowable under this subpart (other than this section) for the taxable year. ``(e) Definitions and Special Rules.--For purposes of this section-- ``(1) Principal residence.--The term `principal residence' has the same meaning as when used in section 121. ``(2) Purchase.--In defining the purchase of a principal residence, rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 1400C(e) (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section) shall apply. ``(3) Reporting requirement.--Rules similar to the rules of section 1400C(f) (as so in effect) shall apply. ``(4) Denial of double benefit.-- ``(A) Coordination with other credits.--credit shall be allowed under this section for any purchase for which a credit is allowed under section 36 or section 1400C. ``(B) Basis adjustment.--For purposes of this subtitle, if a credit is allowed under this section with respect to the purchase of any residence, the basis of such residence shall be reduced by the amount of the credit so allowed. ``(f) Application of Section.--This section shall apply to residences purchased during the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this subsection.''. (b) Conforming", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00880", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00267", "text": "The physical characteristics of the Lyman-alpha forest cloud systems are combined with observations on the baryonic mass density of the Universe and constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis to set boundary conditions on the Intergalactic Medium (IGM) at the epoch of z=2.5. The Universe is considered a closed system and allowed to expand adiabatically from the epoch when QSOs first ionized the IGM (5 <= z_on <= 20). The average kinetic energy of a gas is calculated in the region where the gas transitions from relativistic to non-relativistic behavior. All of the above measurements are then used to determine the thermal history of the IGM in the redshift range 2.5 <= z <= z_on. The hot IGM is assumed to inverse Compton scatter photons from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMBR) and consequently distort the CMBR as seen at the present epoch. The temperature of the IGM at z=2.5 and the epoch z_on are adjusted, within the constraints defined above, to give the best overall agreement with published data on the temperature of the IGM. We find that the model of the IGM proposed here does grossly distort the CMBR, and in fact agrees quite closely with the preliminary results from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite. However, our model of the IGM can explain the observed cosmic x ray background. This paper was originally written in 1990. It was submitted for publication.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 306, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00032", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00268", "text": "to falsify, official identification cards or documents; and (3) to ensure that if such commission is considering permitting a boxer, promoter, manager, or other licensee to participate in a boxing event while the individual is under suspension from any State for reasons other than the reasons listed in paragraph (2), such commission shall notify and consult with the chief administrative officer of the State that ordered the suspension prior to the grant of approval for such individual to participate in such boxing event. SEC. 7. REPORTING. (a) Boxing Match Results.--later than 48 business hours (excluding Saturdays and Sundays) after the conclusion of a professional boxing match, the results of such match shall be reported to the professional boxing registries certified by the Association of Boxing Commissions (ABC) and to the Florida State Athletic Commission. (b) Suspensions.--later than 48 business hours (excluding Saturdays and Sundays) after a State boxing commission orders the suspension of a boxer, promoter, or manager, such suspension shall be reported to the professional boxing registries certified by the Association of Boxing Commissions (ABC) and to the Florida State Athletic Commission. (c) Alternate Reporting Entity.--If the State of Florida ceases, for any reason, to publish and circulate a national suspension list at cost to other States on a frequent basis, the Association of Boxing Commissions (ABC) shall select a different public or private entity to voluntarily undertake to compile and circulate a suspension list to all State commissions at cost. SEC. 8. ENFORCEMENT. (a) Injunctions.--Whenever the United States Attorney in a State has reasonable cause to believe that a person or entity is engaged in a violation of this Act in such State, the United States Attorney may bring a civil action in the appropriate district court of the United States requesting such relief, including a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order, against the person or entity, as the United States Attorney determines necessary to restrain the person or entity from continuing to engage in, or to sanction, a professional boxing match in violation of this Act. (b) Criminal Penalties.-- (1) Managers, promoters, matchmakers, and licensees.--Each manager, promoter, matchmaker, and licensee who knowingly and willfully violates any provision of this Act shall be imprisoned for more than 1 year or fined more than $20,000, or both. (2) Boxers.--Any professional boxer who", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00927", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00269", "text": "We present the results of a large-scale survey of neutron(n)-capture elements in Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe), undertaken to study enrichments from s-process nucleosynthesis in their progenitor stars. From new K band observations of over 100 PNe supplemented by data from the literature, we have detected the emission lines [Kr III] 2.199 and/or [Se IV] 2.287 $\\mu$m in 81 of 120 objects. We determine Se and Kr elemental abundances, employing ionization correction formulae derived in the first paper of this series. We find a significant range in Se and Kr abundances, from near solar (enrichment) to enhanced by >1.0 dex relative to solar, which we interpret as self-enrichment due to in situ s-process nucleosynthesis. Kr tends to be more strongly enriched than Se; in 18 objects exhibiting both Se and Kr emission, we find that [Kr/Se] = 0.5$\\pm$0.2. Our survey has increased the number of PNe with n-capture element abundance determinations by a factor of ten, enabling us for the first time to search for correlations with other nebular properties. As expected, we find a positive correlation between s-process enrichments and the C/O ratio. Type I and bipolar PNe, which arise from intermediate-mass progenitors (>3-4 solar masses), exhibit little to s-process enrichments. Finally, PNe with H-deficient Wolf-Rayet central stars do exhibit systematically larger s-process enrichments than objects with H-rich nuclei. Overall, 44% of the PNe in our sample display significant s-process enrichments (>0.3 dex). Using an empirical PN luminosity function to correct for incompleteness, we estimate that the true fraction of s-process enriched Galactic PNe is at least 20%.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 383, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00069", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00270", "text": "by adding at the end the following: ``(3) Exemptions from certain information requirements.-- The Secretary may exempt a person from any information requirement under paragraph (2), or under any other provision of this Act, if the Secretary determines that the information is necessary to facilitate the determinations of the Secretary under section 4.''. SEC. 5. ANTITRUST REVIEW. Section 7 of the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 (33 U.S.C. 1506) is amended-- (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b)(1); (2) by striking ``(2) Nothing'' and inserting the following: ``(a) Authority To Challenge Anti-Competitive Situations.-- Nothing''; (3) by striking ``(3) Nothing'' and inserting the following: ``(b) Effect on Antitrust Laws.--Nothing''; and (4) in subsections (a) and (b) (as so redesignated), by striking ``section'' each place it appears and inserting ``Act''. SEC. 6. COMMON CARRIER STATUS. Section 8 of the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 (33 U.S.C. 1507) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``and shall accept, transport, or convey with discrimination all oil delivered to the deepwater port with respect to which the license of the deepwater port is issued,'' before ``except as provided''; and (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``(b) A licensee'' and all that follows through ``However, a licensee is not'' and inserting the following: ``(b) Exceptions.--A licensee shall be considered to be discriminating for the purpose of subsection (a) and shall be''. SEC. 7. MARINE PROTECTION AND NAVIGATIONAL SAFETY. Section 10(a) of the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 (33 U.S.C. 1509(a)) is amended-- (1) by striking ``shall prescribe by regulation and enforce procedures with respect to any deepwater port, including, but limited to, rules'' and inserting ``, with respect to a deepwater port, shall prescribe and enforce procedures, by regulation or through the operations manual of a licensee,''; (2) by striking ``unloading procedures'' and inserting ``unloading''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ``Compliance by a", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01055", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00271", "text": "[abridged] We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of the recently discovered faint Milky Way satellites Boo, UMaI, UMaII and Wil1. Using the DEIMOS spectrograph on Keck, we have obtained samples that contain from 15 to 85 probable members of these satellites for which we derive radial velocities precise to a few km/s down to i~21-22. About half of these stars are observed with a high enough S/N to estimate their metallicity to within \\pm0.2 dex. From this dataset, we show that UMaII is the only object that does show a clear radial velocity peak. However, the measured systemic radial velocity (v_r=115\\pm5 km/s) is in good agreement with recent simulations in which this object is the progenitor of the recently discovered Orphan Stream. The three other satellites show velocity dispersions that make them highly dark-matter dominated systems. In particular the Willman 1 object is a globular cluster given its metallicity scatter over -2.0<[Fe/H]<-1.0 and is therefore almost certainly a dwarf galaxy or dwarf galaxy remnant. We measure a radial velocity dispersion of only 4.3_{-1.3}^{+2.3} km/s around a systemic velocity of -12.3\\pm2.3 km/s which implies a mass-to-light ratio of ~700 and a total mass of ~5x10^5 Msun for this satellite, making it the least massive satellite galaxy known to date. Such a low mass could mean that the 10^7 Msun limit that had until now been crossed for Milky Way and Andromeda satellite galaxies may only be an observational limit and that fainter, less massive systems exist within the Local Group. However, more modeling and an extended search for potential extra-tidal stars are required to rule out the possibility that these systems have been significantly heated by tidal interaction.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 398, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00060", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00272", "text": "A) The Secretary shall seek to enter into an agreement with an appropriate non-governmental, not-for-profit entity with expertise in health information technology to independently validate and verify that the patient self- scheduling appointment system used in the pilot program under section 2, and any other patient self-scheduling appointment system developed or used by the Department of Veterans Affairs, includes the capabilities specified in subsection (a). (B) Each independent validation and verification conducted under subparagraph (A) shall be completed as follows: (i) With respect to the validation and verification of the patient self-scheduling appointment system used in the pilot program under section 2, by later than 60 days after the date on which such pilot program commences. (ii) With respect to any other patient self-scheduling appointment system developed or used by the Department of Veterans Affairs, by later than 60 days after the date on which such system is deployed, regardless of whether such deployment is on a limited basis, but including any deployments for testing purposes. (2) GAO evaluation.-- (A) The Comptroller General of the United States shall evaluate each validation and verification conducted under paragraph (1). (B) later than 30 days after the date on which the Comptroller General completes an evaluation under paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on such evaluation. (C) In this paragraph, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means-- (i) the Committees on Veterans' Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Senate; and (ii) the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate. (c) Certification.-- (1) Capabilities included.--later than December 31, 2017, the Secretary shall certify to the Committees on Veterans' Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Senate that the patient self-scheduling appointment system used in the pilot program under section 2, and any other patient self-scheduling appointment system developed or used by the Department of Veterans Affairs as of the date of the certification, includes the capabilities specified in subsection (a). (2) New systems.--If the Secretary develops or begins using a new patient self-scheduling appointment system that is covered by a certification made under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall certify to such committees that such new system includes the capabilities specified in subsection (a) by later than 30 days after the date on which the Secretary determines to replace", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 493, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01089", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00274", "text": "We show that despite the inherent non-locality of quantum field theories on the Groenewold-Moyal (GM) plane, one can find a class of ${\\bf C}$, ${\\bf P}$, ${\\bf T}$ and ${\\bf CPT}$ invariant theories. In particular, these are theories with gauge fields or with just gauge fields and matter fields. We also show that in the presence of gauge fields, one can have a field theory where the Hamiltonian is ${\\bf C}$ and ${\\bf T}$ invariant while the $S$-matrix violates ${\\bf P}$ and ${\\bf CPT}$. In non-abelian gauge theories with matter fields such as the electro-weak and $QCD$ sectors of the standard model of particle physics, ${\\bf C}$, ${\\bf P}$, ${\\bf T}$ and the product of any pair of them are broken while ${\\bf CPT}$ remains intact for the case $\\theta^{0i} =0$. (Here $x^{\\mu} \\star x^{\\nu} - x^{\\nu} \\star x^{\\mu} = i \\theta^{\\mu \\nu}$, $x^{\\mu}$: coordinate functions, $\\theta^{\\mu \\nu} = -\\theta^{\\nu \\mu}=$ constant.) When $\\theta^{0i} \\neq 0$, it contributes to breaking also ${\\bf P}$ and ${\\bf CPT}$. It is known that the $S$-matrix in a non-abelian theory depends on $\\theta^{\\mu \\nu}$ only through $\\theta^{0i}$. The $S$-matrix is frame dependent. It breaks (the identity component of the) Lorentz group. All the noncommutative effects vanish if the scattering takes place in the center-of-mass frame, or any frame where $\\theta^{0i}P^{\\textrm{in}}_{i} = 0$, but otherwise. ${\\bf P}$ and ${\\bf CPT}$ are good symmetries of the theory in this special case.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 446, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00072", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00275", "text": "The cosmological redshift phenomenon can be described by the dark matter field fluid model, the results deduced from this model agree very well with the observations. The observed cosmological redshift of light depends on both the speed of the emitter and the distance between the emitter and the observer. If the emitter moves away from us, a redshift is observed. If the emitter moves towards us, whether a redshift, a blueshift or shift is observed will depend on the speed vs. the distance. If the speed is in the range of c(exp[-beta*D]-1) < v < 0, a redshift is observed; if the speed equals c(exp[-beta*D]-1), shift is observed; if the speed v less than c(exp[-beta*D]-1), a blueshift is observed. A redshift will be always observed in all directions for any celestial objects as long as their distance from us is large enough. Therefore, many more redshifts than blueshifts should be observed for galaxies and supernovae, etc in the sky. This conclusion agrees with current observations. The estimated value of the redshift constant beta of the dark matter field fluid is in the range of 10^(-3) ~ 10^(-5)/Mpc. A large redshift value from a distant celestial object may necessarily indicate that it has a large receding speed. Based on the redshift effect of dark matter field fluid, it is concluded that at least in time average all photons have the same geometry (size and shape) in all inertial reference frames and do have length contraction effect.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 325, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00007", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00276", "text": "We aim to investigate the ability of simple spectral models to describe the GRB early afterglow emission. We performed a time resolved spectral analysis of a bright GRB sample detected by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and promptly observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope,with spectroscopically measured redshift in the period April 2005 -- January 2007. The sample consists of 22 GRBs and a total of 214 spectra. We restricted our analysis to the softest spectra sub--sample which consists of 13 spectra with photon index > 3. In this sample we found that four spectra, belonging to GRB060502A, GRB060729, GRB060904B, GRB061110A prompt--afterglow transition phase, can be modeled by a single power law or by the Band model. Instead we find that the data present high energy (> 3 keV, in the observer frame) excesses with respect to these models. We estimated the joint statistical significance of these excesses at the level of 4.3 sigma. In all four cases, the deviations can be modeled well by adding either a second power law or a blackbody component to the usual synchrotron power law spectrum. The additional power law would be explained by the emerging of the afterglow, while the blackbody could be interpreted as the photospheric emission from X-ray flares or as the shock breakout emission. In one case these models leave a 2.2 sigma excess which can be fit by a Gaussian line at the energy the highly ionized Nickel recombination. Although the data do allow an unequivocal interpretation, the importance of this analysis consists in the fact that we show that a simple power law model or a Band model are insufficient to describe the X-ray spectra of a small homogeneous sample of GRBs at the end of their prompt phase.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 378, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00225", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00277", "text": "of the Chairperson of the Commission, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission. (c) Postal Services.--The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the Federal Government. (d) Gifts.--The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services or property. SEC. 6. COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS. (a) Compensation of Members.--Each member of the Commission who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day (including travel time) during which such member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the Commission. All members of the Commission who are officers or employees of the United States shall serve with compensation in addition to that received for their services as officers or employees of the United States. (b) Travel Expenses.--The members of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Commission. (c) Staff.-- (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Commission may, with regard to the civil service laws and regulations, appoint and terminate an executive director and such other additional personnel as may be necessary to enable the Commission to perform its duties. The employment of an executive director shall be subject to confirmation by the Commission. (2) Compensation.--The Chairperson of the Commission may fix the compensation of the executive director and other personnel with regard to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that the rate of pay for the executive director and other personnel may exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of such title. (d) Detail of Government Employees.--Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Commission with reimbursement, and such detail shall be with interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege. (e) Procurement of Temporary and Intermittent Services.--The Chairperson of the Commission may", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00980", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00278", "text": "We develop an analytic theory for the redshift space bispectrum of dark matter, haloes and galaxies. This is done within the context of the halo model of structure formation, as this allows for the self-consistent inclusion of linear and non-linear redshift space distortions and also for the non-linearity of the halo bias. The model is applicable over a wide range of scales: on the largest scales the predictions reduce to those of the standard perturbation theory (PT); on smaller scales they are determined primarily by the nonlinear virial velocities of galaxies within haloes, and this gives rise to the U-shaped anisotropy in the reduced bispectrum -- a finger print of the Finger-Of-God distortions. We then confront the predictions with bispectrum measurements from an ensemble of numerical simulations. On very large scales, k=0.05 h/Mpc, we find reasonably good agreement between our Halo Model, PT and the data, to within the errors. On smaller scales, k=0.1 h/Mpc, the measured bispectra differ from the PT at the level of 10-20%, especially for colinear triangle configurations. The Halo Model predictions improve over PT, but are accurate to better than 10%. On smaller scales k=0.5-1.0 h/Mpc, our model provides a significant improvement over PT, which breaks down. This implies that studies which use the lowest order PT to extract galaxy bias information are robust on scales k>0.1 h/Mpc. The analytic and simulation results also indicate that there is observable scale for which the configuration dependence of the reduced bispectrum is constant--hierarchical models for the higher order correlation functions in redshift space are unlikely to be useful. It is hoped that our model will facilitate extraction of information from large-scale structure surveys of the Universe.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 371, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00235", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00279", "text": "\"That's a good first step,\" Perkins said. \"That was good to get out with probably a little more intensity than I imagined. To feel like I could push it is exciting.\" Set to take Wednesday off from throwing before long-tossing again on Thursday, Perkins had some anxious moments over the weekend after canceling a planned bullpen session on Feb. 10. He used air quotes around the word \"setback,\" but it wasn't ideal when he felt soreness in his teres minor, one of the rotator cuff muscles involved in the external rotation of the shoulder joint. \"I think it had been bugging me longer than I thought,\" Perkins said. \"I just thought it was part of rehabbing and a little discomfort, but I think it had been lingering for a while, a month or so maybe. I forgot what it was like to feel good.\" Having hit every marker on his rehab calendar since June 23 surgery to repair a torn labrum, Perkins figures it was inevitable he'd have to back off at some point. The good news is Tuesday's moderate-intensity throwing session presented challenges, physical or otherwise. \"They say that when you have the front of your shoulder fixed, eventually you're going to develop some sort of soreness or something in the back,\" Perkins said. \"It was bound to happen. It's just how your arm works. It was a matter of time before something happened.\" Perkins, who threw as usual under the eye of rehab coordinator Lanning Tucker, noted he was able to get about 7 months into an eight-month rehab schedule before he had to scale back a bit. \"I was lucky with that,\" he said. \"The whole thing had been laid out, and so you try to get through it that way and it does always work. I do think anyone's ever done that. I had a little soreness, and it went away in a couple days.\" A three-time all-star set to turn 34 on March 2, Perkins is entering the last guaranteed year of a contract extension he signed in the spring of 2014. He anticipates throwing his next bullpen session on Friday or Saturday but will be careful to look too far ahead. \"I'm taking it day by day. I'm getting that far ahead,\" he said. \"I got too far ahead last week. I was thinking about that bullpen a week before I threw it. You've got to focus on", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00567", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00280", "text": "A white nationalist rally planned on Texas A&M University's campus has been canceled, apparently out of concern for student safety, officials confirmed Monday. The school made the decision after consulting law enforcement and \"considerable study\" because of \"concerns about the safety of its students, faculty, staff and the public.\" \"Texas A&M's support of the First Amendment and the freedom of speech can be questioned,\" the university said in a statement Monday afternoon. \"However, in this case circumstances and information relating to the event have changed and the risks of threat to life and safety compel us to cancel the event.\" After the event was announced over the weekend, university and state leaders expressed strong objections, but legal experts and one A&M System regent had fretted that First Amendment protections made that impossible. Reached by phone while shopping at Walmart on Monday afternoon, Wiginton said he had heard the news. He said he had signed up to protest at a “free speech area” on campus on Sept. 11, but had heard from anyone at the school since he announced. His response: “I guess my lawyers will now be suing the state of Texas.” The news was first announced on the floor of the Texas House. The lawmaker who made the declaration was Rep. John Raney, R-College Station, whose district includes A&M. He said that A&M System Chancellor John Sharp had canceled the event to protect student safety. Raney said the event was axed \"because of concerns with hate messages that have been on Facebook, and people who’ve said they were coming and they were bringing their weapons.\" He added the local police department said they \"can handle that.\" Earlier in the afternoon, lawmakers had urged university administrators – and Sharp, in particular – to prevent the event from happening. Gov. Greg Abbott was also involved in the discussion, an Abbott spokesman said. “The Governor’s office has been working with Texas A&M University to prevent the type of hate-filled event that we saw in Charlottesville. Governor Abbott’s top goal is to ensure the safety and security of Texans and Texas A&M students,” said the spokesman, John Wittman. Patrick Svitek and Morgan Smith contributed to this report.", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 443, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00602", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00281", "text": "aims: Our aim is to determine Li abundances in TO stars of the Globular Cluster 47 Tuc and test theories about Li variations among TO stars. method: We make use of high resolution (R~ 43000), high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N=50--70) spectra of 4 turn off (TO) stars obtained with the UVES spectrograph at the 8.2m VLT Kueyen telescope. results: The four stars observed, span the range 1.6<~A(Li)} <~ 2.14, providing a mean A(Li) = 1.84 with a standard deviation of 0.25 dex. When coupled with data of other two TO stars of the cluster, available in the literature, the full range in Li abundances observed in this cluster is 1.6<~A(Li)<~ 2.3. The variation in A(Li) is at least 0.6 dex (0.7 dex considering also the data available in the literature) and the scatter is six times larger than what expected from the observational error. We claim that these variations are real. A(Li) seems to be anti-correlated with A(Na) exactly as observed in NGC 6752. systematic error in our analysis could produce such an anti-correlation. conclusions: Na production through p captures on 22Ne at temperatures in excess of 3x10^7 K and the contemporary Li destruction could result in this anti-correlation. However such nuclear processing can have taken place in the stars themselves, which do reach such high temperatures, even at their centre. This points towards the processing in a previous generation of stars. The low N/O ratios in the observed stars and the apparent lack of correlation between N an Li abundances, place a strong constraint on the properties of this previous generation. Our results indicate a different behaviour among the Globular Clusters so far studied as far as the abundance patterns are concerned.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 408, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00021", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00282", "text": "We investigate the future evolution of two extragalactic X-ray binaries: IC10 X-1 and NGC300 X-1. Each of them consists of a high mass BH ($\\sim 20-30 \\msun$) accreting from a massive WR star companion ($\\gtrsim 20 \\msun$), and both are located in low metallicity galaxies. We analyze the current state of the systems and demonstrate that both systems will very quickly ($\\lesssim 0.3$ Myr) form close BH-BH binaries with the short coalescence time ($\\sim 3$ Gyr) and large chirp mass ($\\sim 15 \\msun$). The formation of BH-BH system seems unavoidable, as {\\em (i)} WR companions are well within their Roche lobes and they do expand so Roche lobe overflow is expected, {\\em (ii)} even intense WR wind mass loss does remove sufficient mass to prohibit the formation of the second BH, {\\em (ii)} even if BH receives the large natal kick, the systems are very closely bound and are almost impossible to disrupt. As there are two such immediate BH-BH progenitor systems within 2 Mpc and as the current gravitational wave instruments LIGO/VIRGO (initial stage) can detect such massive BH-BH mergers out to $\\sim 200$ Mpc, the empirically estimated detection rate of such inspirals is $R=3.36^{+8.29}_{-2.92}$ at the 99% confidence level. If there is detection in the current LIGO/VIRGO data (unreleased year of $s6$ run), the existence of these two massive BH systems poses an interesting challenge. Either the gravitational radiation search is sensitive to massive inspirals or there is some fundamental misunderstanding of stellar evolution physics leading directly to the formation of BH-BH binaries.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00346", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00283", "text": "short title Section 1. This Act may be cited as the ``Government Shutdown Prevention Act''. continuing funding Sec. 2. (a) If any regular appropriation bill for fiscal year 1998 does become law prior to the beginning of fiscal year 1998 or a joint resolution making continuing appropriations is in effect, there is appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or other revenues, receipts, and funds, such sums as may be necessary to continue any program, project, or activity for which funds were provided in fiscal year 1997. (b) Appropriations and funds made available, and authority granted, for a program, project, or activity for fiscal year 1998 pursuant to this Act shall be at 100 per cent of the rate of operations that was provided for the program, project, or activity in fiscal year 1997 in the corresponding regular appropriation Act for fiscal year 1997. (c) Appropriations and funds made available, and authority granted, for fiscal year 1998 pursuant to this Act for a program, project, or activity shall be available for the period beginning with the first day of a lapse in appropriations and ending with the earlier of-- (1) the date on which the applicable regular appropriation bill for fiscal year 1998 becomes law (whether or that law provides for that program, project, or activity) or a continuing resolution making appropriations becomes law, as the case may be; or (2) the last day of fiscal year 1998. terms and conditions Sec. 3. (a) An appropriation of funds made available, or authority granted, for a program, project, or activity for fiscal year 1998 pursuant to this Act shall be made available to the extent and in the manner which would be provided by the pertinent appropriation Act for fiscal year 1997, including all of the terms and conditions and the apportionment schedule imposed with respect to the appropriation made or funds made available for fiscal year 1997 or authority granted for the program, project, or activity under current law. (b) Appropriations made by this Act shall be available to the extent and in the manner which would be provided by the pertinent appropriation Act. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the rate for operations for any continuing project or activity would result in a furlough or a reduction-in-force of Government employees, that rate for", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "negation_01090", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00284", "text": "It is known that ${\\cal B}(\\ell^p)$ is amenable for $p =1,2,\\infty$, but whether or ${\\cal B}(\\ell^p)$ is amenable for $p \\in (1,\\infty) \\setminus \\{2 \\}$ is an open problem. We show that, if ${\\cal B}(\\ell^p)$ is amenable for $p \\in (1,\\infty)$, then so are $\\ell^\\infty({\\cal B}(\\ell^p))$ and $\\ell^\\infty({\\cal K}(\\ell^p))$. Moreover, if $\\ell^\\infty({\\cal K}(\\ell^p))$ is amenable so is $\\ell^\\infty(\\mathbb{I},{\\cal K}(E))$ for any index set $\\mathbb I$ and for any infinite-dimensional ${\\cal L}^p$-space $E$; in particular, if $\\ell^\\infty({\\cal K}(\\ell^p))$ is amenable for $p \\in (1,\\infty)$, then so is $\\ell^\\infty({\\cal K}(\\ell^p \\oplus \\ell^2))$. We show that $\\ell^\\infty({\\cal K}(\\ell^p \\oplus \\ell^2))$ is amenable for $p =1,\\infty$, but also that our methods fail us if $p \\in (1,\\infty)$. Finally, for $p \\in (1,2)$ and a free ultrafilter $\\cal U$ over $\\posints$, we exhibit a closed left ideal of $({\\cal K}(\\ell^p))_{\\cal U}$ lacking a right approximate identity, but enjoying a certain, very weak complementation property.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00230", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00285", "text": "A set $X$ of vertices of an acyclic digraph $D$ is convex if $X\\neq \\emptyset$ and there is directed path between vertices of $X$ which contains a vertex in $X$. A set $X$ is connected if $X\\neq \\emptyset$ and the underlying undirected graph of the subgraph of $D$ induced by $X$ is connected. Connected convex sets and convex sets of acyclic digraphs are of interest in the area of modern embedded processor technology. We construct an algorithm $\\cal A$ for enumeration of all connected convex sets of an acyclic digraph $D$ of order $n$. The time complexity of $\\cal A$ is $O(n\\cdot cc(D))$, where $cc(D)$ is the number of connected convex sets in $D$. We also give an optimal algorithm for enumeration of all (just connected) convex sets of an acyclic digraph $D$ of order $n$. In computational experiments we demonstrate that our algorithms outperform the best algorithms in the literature. Using the same approach as for $\\cal A$, we design an algorithm for generating all connected sets of a connected undirected graph $G$. The complexity of the algorithm is $O(n\\cdot c(G)),$ where $n$ is the order of $G$ and $c(G)$ is the number of connected sets of $G.$ The previously reported algorithm for connected set enumeration is of running time $O(mn\\cdot c(G))$, where $m$ is the number of edges in $G.$", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00253", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00286", "text": "In colour-magnitude diagrams most galaxies fall in either the ``blue cloud'' or the ``red sequence'', with the red sequence extending to significantly brighter magnitudes than the blue cloud. The bright-end of the red sequence comprises elliptical galaxies (Es) with boxy isophotes and luminosity profiles with shallow central cores, while fainter Es have disky isophotes and power-law inner surface-brightness (SB) profiles. An analysis of published data reveals that the centres of galaxies with power-law central SB profiles have younger stellar populations than the centres of cored galaxies. We argue that thermal evaporation of cold gas by virial-temperature gas plays an important role in determining these phenomena. In less massive galaxies, thermal evaporation is very efficient, so significant amounts of cold gas can reach the galaxy centre and fill a central core with newly formed stars, consistent with the young stellar ages of the cusps of Es with power-law SB profiles. In more massive galaxies, cold gas is evaporated within a dynamical time, so star formation is inhibited, and a core in the stellar density profile produced by dissipationless dynamics can be refilled. The different observed properties of AGN in higher-mass and lower-mass ellipticals are also explained because in the former the central black holes invariably accrete hot gas, while in the latter they typically accrete cold gas. An important consequence of our results is that at the present time there can be blue, star-forming galaxies in the most massive galactic halos, consistent with the observed truncation of the blue cloud at L*. [abridged]", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00123", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00287", "text": "We report high spatial resolution 11.2 and 18.1 micron imaging of V838 Monocerotis obtained with Gemini Observatory's Michelle instrument in 2007 March. Strong emission is observed from the unresolved stellar core of V838 Mon in our Gemini imagery, and is confirmed by Spitzer MIPS 24 micron imaging obtained in 2007 April. The 2007 flux density of the unresolved mid-infrared emission component is 2 times brighter than that observed in 2004. clear change in the net amount of 24 micron extended emission is observed between the 2004 and 2007 epoch Spitzer imagery. We interpret these data as evidence that V838 Mon has experienced a new circumstellar dust creation event. We suggest that this newly created dust has condensed from the expanding ejecta produced from V838 Mon's 2002 outburst events, and is most likely clumpy. We speculate that one (or more) of these clumps might have passed through the line-of-sight in late 2006, producing the brief multi-wavelength photometric event reported by Bond (2006) and Munari et al (2007). We detect evidence of extended emission above a level of 1 mJy at 11.2 microns and 7 mJy at 18.1 microns over radial distances of 1860 - 93000 AU (0.3-15.0 arcsec) from the central source. Using the simple assumption that ejecta material expands at a constant velocity of 300-500 km/s, this gap of thermal emission suggests that significant prior circumstellar dust production events have occurred within the past 900-1500 years.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 343, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00462", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00288", "text": "problem exists. Using the sheet Each pay period, the user will open the template file and rename it to reflect the current pay period. It's the only way, of course, but it's the easiest way. Employees can submit a printed copy or the electronic file. Figure M shows hours accrued for the work week beginning March 25, 2018. Harkins worked a total of 44 hours; 31 in fixed categories and 13 on specific projects. As you can see, there's a problem on Thursday because Harkins is claiming 2 hours of overtime and 2 hours of sick time. The only way to resolve this error is to remove either the overtime or the sick time. Figure M Using the sheet. There's one limitation worth noting: If you work 10 hours on a single project in the same day, you can identify two of those hours as overtime. Enter 10 in the project row and let payroll staff work out the overtime when applying rates. Normally you'd protect the sheet before distributing the workbook, but you can easily protect a sheet with an expanding Table object. For better or worse, you'll have to trust users to be somewhat competent with this timesheet. They always have the template to start fresh, if the worst happens. Get more great Office tips and tricks delivered to your inbox. Sign up for TechRepublic's Microsoft Weekly newsletter. Subscribe Send me your question about Office I answer readers' questions when I can, but there's guarantee. do send files unless requested; initial requests for help that arrive with attached files will be deleted unread. You can send screenshots of your data to help clarify your question. When contacting me, be as specific as possible. For example, \"Please troubleshoot my workbook and fix what's wrong\" probably will get a response, but \"Can you tell me why this formula is returning the expected results?\" might. Please mention the app and version that you're using. I'm reimbursed by TechRepublic for my time or expertise when helping readers, or do I ask for a fee from readers I help. You can contact me at susansalesharkins@gmail.com. Also see:", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 438, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00529", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00289", "text": "any Federal department or agency such information as the Commission considers necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Commission, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission. (c) Postal Services.--The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the Federal Government. SEC. 6. COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS. (a) Compensation of Members.-- Each member of the Commission who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day (including travel time) during which such member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the Commission. All members of the Commission who are officers or employees of the United States shall serve with compensation in addition to that received for their services as officers or employees of the United States. (b) Travel Expenses.--The members of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Commission. (c) Staff.-- (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Commission may, with regard to the civil service laws and regulations, appoint and terminate an executive director and such other additional personnel as may be necessary to enable the Commission to perform its duties. The employment of an executive director shall be subject to confirmation by the Commission. (2) Compensation.--The Chairperson of the Commission may fix the compensation of the executive director and other personnel with regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that the rate of pay for the executive director and other personnel may exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of such title. (d) Detail of Government Employees.--Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Commission with reimbursement, and such detail shall be with interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege. (e) Procurement of Temporary and Intermittent Services.--The Chairperson of", "label": 0, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00921", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00290", "text": "We investigate the thermodynamics of the ISM and the formation of molecular hydrogen through numerical simulations of spiral galaxies. The model follows the chemical, thermal and dynamical response of the disc to an external spiral potential. Self-gravity and magnetic fields are included. The calculations demonstrate that gas can cool rapidly when subject to a spiral shock. Molecular clouds in the spiral arms arise through a combination of compression of the ISM by the spiral shock and orbit crowding. These results highlight that local self-gravity is required to form molecular clouds. Self-shielding provides a sharp transition density, below which gas is essentially atomic, and above which the molecular gas fraction is >0.001. The timescale for gas to move between these regimes is very rapid (<~1 Myr). From this stage, the majority of gas generally takes between 10 to 20 Myr to obtain high H$_{2}$ fractions (>50 %). Although our calculations are unable to resolve turbulent motions on scales smaller than the spiral arm and do include self-gravity. True cloud formation timescales are therefore expected to be even shorter. The mass budget of the disc is dominated by cold gas residing in the spiral arms. Between 50 and 75 % of this gas is in the atomic phase. When this gas leaves the spiral arm and drops below the self-shielding limit it is heated by the galactic radiation field. Consequently, most of the volume in the interarm regions is filled with warm atomic gas. However, some cold spurs and clumps can survive in interarm regions for periods comparable to the interarm passage timescale. Altogether between 7 and 40% of the gas in our disc is molecular, depending on the surface density of the calculation, with approximately 20% molecular for a surface density comparable to the solar neighbourhood.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00448", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00291", "text": "We discuss basic features of emergent complexity in dynamical systems far from equilibrium by focusing on the network structure of their state space. We start by measuring the distributions of avalanche and transient times in Random Boolean Networks (RBNs) and in the \\emph{Drosophila} polarity network by exact enumeration. A transient time is the duration of the transient from a starting state to an attractor. An avalanche is a special transient which starts as single Boolean element perturbation of an attractor state. Significant differences at short times between the avalanche and the transient times for RBNs with small connectivity $K$ -- compared to the number of elements $N$ -- indicate that attractors tend to cluster in configuration space. In addition, one bit flip has a non-negligible chance to put an attractor state directly onto another attractor. This clustering is also present in the segment polarity gene network of \\emph{Drosophila melanogaster}, suggesting that this may be a robust feature of biological regulatory networks. We also define and measure a branching ratio for the state space networks and find evidence for a new time scale that diverges roughly linearly with $N$ for $2\\leq K \\ll N$. Analytic arguments show that this time scale does appear in the random map or can the random map exhibit clustering of attractors. We further show that for K=2 the branching ratio exhibits the largest variation with distance from the attractor compared to other values of $K$ and that the avalanche durations exhibit characteristic scale within our statistical resolution. Hence, we propose that the branching ratio and the avalanche duration are new indicators for scale-free behavior that may or may be found simultaneously with other indicators of emergent complexity in extended, deterministic dynamical systems.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 359, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00382", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00292", "text": ". Which of course, is how that works. Exactly. I think it was based on assumption. Also, we talked about general Okay Abuse stuff. Like bullies and stuff. And you probably felt like domestic violence was in that category. Before we move on, do we need to break out physical abuse from emotional abuse? Well, we can’t privilege one over the other. But we can usually see physical abuse while it’s hard to gauge how impactful emotional stuff can be. Even when it’s your own self being abused. Have you ever been physically abused by a partner? Physically? No. . I’ve experienced emotional abuse. What about your friends—what you know, of course. I don’t think so. Wait. I do have two friends who were raped in a relationship. That’s physical abuse. And I know people in relationships where sexual things got out of hand in a physical way. All of that is abuse. Did these people leave the relationship? No. I think intentionality helps to classify this stuff. If you feel like this is something that could be discussed and you can figure out how and why it happened… Maybe… Advertisement One time, long long ago, your dad and I were sitting on the sofa about to eat dinner. He was being goofy and kept plucking me. I was amused and I asked him numerous times to stop. He kept laughing and plucking me. I was pissed. Now, this was by means a painful pluck. Right, this was Dad being Dad. And acting like a twelve year old. But I was still completely over it. So, I finally got fed up and jumped up off the couch to leave. He put his hand in the waistband of my jeans and yanked me back down to the couch. He said something like; Ha! You’re going anywhere! Now I feel like I can’t escape this stupid goofy shit. And I’m further pissed. And I specifically remember feeling like—fearful. But just incensed at being able to remove myself from the situation. I was physically strong enough to stand up and walk away! So I stood up quickly with my plate of my pasta—it was hot—and I smacked the plate into his face. Whoa. I heard him do this sort of half yell half growl and I hauled ass to the bathroom and he made it there right as I locked the door. He banged on the door and told", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 494, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00665", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00293", "text": "LAKELAND, Florida (AP) — Even for an accomplished veteran like Justin Verlander, the start of spring training can be special. \"I usually sleep pretty well. I woke up early today,\" the Detroit ace said Tuesday. \"On one hand, you want to appreciate everything as much as you can. It's such a whirlwind anymore — you kind of know what to expect. But in the same aspect, every day is pretty much the same thing I've done for 12 years, so it also starts going faster.\" Verlander's Tigers were among 15 teams with their first scheduled workouts for pitchers and catchers Tuesday. As major leaguers took the field in Florida and Arizona, that familiar sound of balls popping into mitts served as a reminder that in baseball at least, winter is finally over. While Verlander and the Tigers went through their routine at their newly renovated facility in Lakeland, the Boston Red Sox were about 115 miles to the south, holding their first workout of the post-Papi era. It's Boston's first season with David Ortiz since the Red Sox signed him in January 2003, but Big Papi's retirement may be too big a blow to a team that added star left-hander Chris Sale. Over in Arizona, the Cleveland Indians began preparing to defend their American League title. Cleveland won the AL Central comfortably last year and made it to the World Series before losing to the Chicago Cubs in seven games. \"This time of year, everyone is at glass half-full,\" Indians manager Terry Francona said. \"We have good reason to be.\" Hopes are always high at the start of spring training, but occasionally there's some injury news on the first day. Baltimore manager Buck Showalter said right-hander Chris Tillman had a platelet-rich plasma injection on his right shoulder and will start the season until April 7 at the earliest. The Kansas City Royals said left-hander Brian Flynn broke a rib and had three minor vertebrae fractures in a bizarre offseason injury. Flynn is expected to miss two months after falling through a barn roof at his Oklahoma residence. The Royals and Miami Marlins begin this season with heavy hearts following the deaths of pitchers Yordano Ventura last month and Jose Fernandez in September, and Tigers owner Mike Ilitch died Friday at age 87. \"I got to know him as best as an owner and player can know each other,\" said Detroit catcher Alex Avila, whose father", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00687", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00294", "text": "Using data of five clusters of galaxies within the redshift range 0.15 $\\leq$ z $\\leq$ 0.25, imaged with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) in the central $\\approx$ 1 Mpc$^2$ in very good seeing conditions, we have performed an exhaustive inspection of their bright galaxy population. That range of redshift, where only a small amount of data with the required resolution and quality is available, is particularly important for the understanding of the formation and evolution of clusters of galaxies. We have inspected the color-magnitude relation (CMR) for those clusters and measured the blue fraction of galaxies in their cores to check for evidence of evolution as found in other works. Moreover, the visual classification of the galaxy morphology has been performed and the morphology-radius relation has been examined We have found signs of evolution in the slope of the CMR or in the blue fraction of galaxies. A diversity of situations regarding those parameters and in the morphological mixing has been noticed, with two out of five clusters containing a dominant late-type core population. The cluster A1878 stands out as some of its properties differ from those of the other clusters in the sample. clear signs of evolution appear in our analysis. The data support the view that the morphology and the stellar content of the galaxies in our clusters have been already settled at z $\\sim$ 0.2. Only the fraction of interacting galaxies in the clusters appear to be larger than in clusters like Coma although the number of clusters in the sample is small to give a definitive conclusion.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00408", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00295", "text": "The formation of resonant pairs of planets in exoplanetary systems involves planetary migration in the protoplanetary disc. After a resonant capture, the subsequent migration in this configuration leads to a large increase of planetary eccentricities if damping mechanism is applied. This has led to the conclusion that the migration of resonant planetary systems can occur over large radial distances and has to be terminated sufficiently rapidly through disc dissipation. In this study, we investigate whether the presence of an inner disc might supply an eccentricity damping of the inner planet, and if this effect could explain the observed eccentricities in some systems. To investigate the influence of an inner disc, we first compute hydrodynamic simulations of giant planets orbiting with a given eccentricity around an inner gas disc, and measure the effect of the latter on the planetary orbital parameters. We then perform detailed long term calculations of the GJ 876 system. We also run N-body simulations with artificial forces on the planets mimicking the effects of the inner and outer discs. We find that the influence of the inner disc can be neglected, and that it might be responsible for the observed eccentricities. In particular, we reproduce quite well the orbital parameters of a few systems engaged in 2:1 mean motion resonances: GJ 876, HD 73526, HD 82943 and HD 128311. Finally, we derive analytically the effect that the inner disc should have on the inner planet to reach a specific orbital configuration with a given damping effect of the outer disc on the outer planet.", "label": 0, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00319", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00296", "text": "Dmitry Peskov said. \"There are athletes who are disputing their rights in a legal context. There are athletes who are appealing to public opinion. There are athletes who are appealing to the Olympic committee leadership. That is their right.\" The IOC has confirmed which Russians will be invited to compete in Pyeongchang, and has explained any individual decisions. However, it has said newly obtained records from the Moscow anti-doping laboratory played a role in the decision-making. Russia announced 169 athletes would represent the \"Olympic Athlete from Russia\" (OAR) team on Thursday. The list did contain Ahn or some other Russian medal contenders, including cross-country skiing world champion Sergei Ustyugov and biathlete Anton Shipulin. The IOC refusals for some are separate from the doping bans for 43 Russian athletes because of what the Olympic body ruled was a doping program and cover-up at the Sochi Games. Of those, 42 have launched appeals at the Court of Arbitration for Sport, and verdicts in 39 cases heard in Geneva are due to be published next week. Strict rules imposed on Russian medal winners in Pyeongchang were published in the IOC conduct guidelines Friday. The official Russian flag can be hung in an athlete's bedroom in Olympic villages, though with \"public visibility.\" Inside Olympic venues, athletes must accept the Russian flag from a spectator or sing the national anthem. \"Any 'alternate' victory ceremonies organized for OAR athletes and/or team officials are permitted.\" Also, the International Biathlon Union said it could cancel a World Cup in Russia in March in light of \"newly available information.\" The IBU did say what it received, though the IOC said on Wednesday it was sharing doping-related information from its vetting process with international sports federations. The World Cup in Tyumen is due to be the first in Russia since 2015. ___ AP Sports Writer Graham Dunbar in Geneva contributed to this report", "label": 0, "domain": "news", "token_count": 397, "matched_pair_id": "negation_00730", "split": "test"} +{"id": "negation_density_test_0_00297", "text": "We present a second catalog of HI sources detected in the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey. We report 488 detections over 135 square degrees, within the region of the sky having 22h6.5, where the reliability of the catalog is better than 95% or (b) 5.0