text:
Bommarco, Riccardo/0000-0001-8888-0476
   Yourstone, Johanna/0000-0002-5667-1538
   Klatt, Bjorn/0000-0001-8241-6445
   Rundlof, Maj/0000-0003-3014-1544
   Andersson, Georg/0000-0002-9669-6895}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency; Carl Tryggers Foundation for
   Scientific Research; Royal Physiographic Society; Swedish Research
   CouncilSwedish Research Council {[}330-2014-6439]; FormasSwedish
   Research Council Formas}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank the farmers for collaboration, the project group for feedback,
   A. Gunnarson for farmer contacts and seeds, M. Ahlstrom Olsson and
   Lindesro AB for bumblebee colonies, A. Andersson and C. Du Rietz for
   examining bumblebee colonies, B. Andreasson, T. Carling and A. Andersson
   for producing and assessing honeybee colonies, J. Kreuger for
   discussions on pesticide quantification, and M. Stjernman for extracting
   land use information. Funding was provided by the Swedish Civil
   Contingencies Agency to R.B., I.F., T.R.P. and H.G.S., by the Carl
   Tryggers Foundation for Scientific Research, the Royal Physiographic
   Society, and the Swedish Research Council (330-2014-6439) to M.R, and by
   Formas to H.G.S. and R.B.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
Times-Cited = {{431}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{33}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{861}},
Journal-ISO = {{Nature}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CH4YS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000354040900036}},
ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000354134900002,
Author = {Minarro, Marcos and Twizell, Kent W.},
Title = {{Pollination services provided by wild insects to kiwifruit (Actinidia
   deliciosa)}},
Journal = {{APIDOLOGIE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{46}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{276-285}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Managed bees are used to transfer pollen from male to female flowers in
   kiwifruit, but the contribution of wild insects has been long
   overlooked. We approached such contribution with multiple criteria
   (pollinator abundance, foraging behavior, pollinating efficiency, and
   response to weather conditions) in the absence of imported colonies. An
   abundant and rich community of pollinators (57 \% were non-Apis insects)
   visited kiwifruit flowers and assured a fruit set and size not different
   from those obtained by optimal hand pollination. Honeybees were more
   abundant and visited more flowers per time but bumblebees were more
   efficient on a per-visit basis. Other taxa are expected to contribute
   less because of their lower numbers (hoverflies, wild bees, butterflies,
   beetles) or their passive behavior (non-syrphid flies). Visitation
   patterns of pollinators were complementary. Our results highlight the
   important contribution of wild insects to the pollination of kiwifruit.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER FRANCE}},
Address = {{22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Minarro, M (Corresponding Author), Serv Reg Invest \& Desarrollo Agroalimentario SERI, Apdo 13, Villaviciosa 33300, Asturias, Spain.
   Minarro, Marcos; Twizell, Kent W., Serv Reg Invest \& Desarrollo Agroalimentario SERI, Villaviciosa 33300, Asturias, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s13592-014-0321-2}},
ISSN = {{0044-8435}},
EISSN = {{1297-9678}},
Keywords = {{activity patterns; foraging behavior; pollination efficiency; pollinator
   complementarity; weather effect}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; HONEY-BEES; FRUIT-SET; APPLE ORCHARDS;
   OSMIA-CORNUTA; APIDAE; MEGACHILIDAE; CROPS; PERFORMANCE; LANDSCAPES}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{mminarro@serida.org}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{DOC-INIA Program}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Jordi Bosch and Shelley Rogers for their helpful comments on an
   earlier draft. MM was supported through the DOC-INIA Program.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
Times-Cited = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{79}},
Journal-ISO = {{Apidologie}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CH6GP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000354134900002}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000354119300019,
Author = {Riedinger, Verena and Mitesser, Oliver and Hovestadt, Thomas and
   Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Holzschuh, Andrea},
Title = {{Annual dynamics of wild bee densities: attractiveness and productivity
   effects of oilseed rape}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{96}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{1351-1360}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Mass-flowering crops may affect long-term population dynamics, but
   effects on pollinators have never been studied across several years. We
   monitored wild bees in oilseed rape fields in 16 landscapes in Germany
   in two consecutive years. Effects on bee densities of landscape oilseed
   rape cover in the years of monitoring and in the previous years were
   evaluated with landscape data from three consecutive years. We fit
   empirical data to a mechanistic model to provide estimates for oilseed
   rape attractiveness and its effect on bee productivity in comparison to
   the rest of the landscape, and we evaluated consequences for pollinator
   densities in consecutive years. Our results show that high oilseed rape
   cover in the previous year enhances current densities of wild bees
   (except for bumble bees). Moreover, we show a strong attractiveness of
   and dilution on (i.e., decreasing bee densities with increasing
   landscape oilseed rape cover) oilseed rape for bees during flowering in
   the current year, modifying the effect of the previous year's oilseed
   rape cover in the case ofwild bees (excluding Bombus). As long as other
   factors such as nesting sites or natural enemies do not limit bee
   reproduction, our findings suggest long-term positive effects of
   mass-flowering crops on bee populations, at least for non-Bombus
   generalists, which possibly help to maintain crop pollination services
   even when crop area increases. Similar effects are conceivable for other
   organisms providing ecosystem services in annual crops and should be
   considered in future studies.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Riedinger, V (Corresponding Author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Anim Ecol \& Trop Biol, Bioctr, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.
   Riedinger, Verena; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Holzschuh, Andrea, Univ Wurzburg, Dept Anim Ecol \& Trop Biol, Bioctr, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.
   Mitesser, Oliver; Hovestadt, Thomas, Univ Wurzburg, Field Stn Fabrikschleichach, Dept Anim Ecol \& Trop Biol, D-97074 Rauhenebrach, Germany.
   Hovestadt, Thomas, Univ Ghent, Dept Biol TEREC, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.}},
DOI = {{10.1890/14-1124.1}},
ISSN = {{0012-9658}},
EISSN = {{1939-9170}},
Keywords = {{agricultural landscapes; bee productivity; crop pollination services;
   landscape modeling; mass-flowering crops; oilseed rape; population
   dynamics; temporal spillover; Wurzburg, Germany}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MASS-FLOWERING CROPS; POLLINATOR DILUTION; NATURAL ENEMIES; COLONY
   GROWTH; RESOURCES; ABUNDANCE; INSECT; PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY; RICHNESS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{verena.riedinger@uni-wuerzburg.de}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mitesser, Oliver/B-8500-2008
   Holzschuh, Andrea/X-8989-2018
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Holzschuh, Andrea/0000-0002-5235-4746
   Hovestadt, Thomas/0000-0001-7368-6013
   Mitesser, Oliver/0000-0002-3607-877X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European CommissionEuropean CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research
   Centre {[}244090-STEP-CP-FP]; DFG-Collaborative Research CenterGerman
   Research Foundation (DFG) {[}1047]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank the ``Bayerischem Staatsministerium fur Ernahrung,
   Landwirtschaft und Forsten{''} for providing us with the landscape data.
   The study was funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework
   Programme for Research and Technological Development. Grant agreement
   number: 244090-STEP-CP-FP. V. Riedinger and O. Mitesser received funding
   from DFG-Collaborative Research Center 1047, Insect Timing.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
Times-Cited = {{41}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{104}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecology}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CH6BB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000354119300019}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000354134900014,
Author = {Hinson, Eloise M. and Duncan, Michael and Lim, Julianne and Arundel,
   Jonathan and Oldroyd, Benjamin P.},
Title = {{The density of feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in South East
   Australia is greater in undisturbed than in disturbed habitats}},
Journal = {{APIDOLOGIE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{46}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{403-413}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Apis mellifera is an important pollinator but is sometimes associated
   with adverse effects on natural ecosystems. We surveyed pairs of
   disturbed and undisturbed sites across three biomes in South East
   Australia. We used pheromone lures to trap drones, genotyped the drones
   to infer the number of colonies within flight range and then estimated
   colony densities using synthetic sampling distributions. Estimated
   colony densities ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 colonies km(-2) and
   significantly lower in agricultural land relative to national parks. We
   suggest that colony density may be lower in disturbed than `natural'
   areas due to the reduced availability of nest sites and possibly
   pesticide usage. Because the number of colonies recommended for adequate
   pollination is 100-1000 colonies km(-2), there are insufficient bees to
   provide optimal crop pollination in the areas we surveyed.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER FRANCE}},
Address = {{22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Oldroyd, BP (Corresponding Author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A12, Behav \& Genet Social Insects Lab, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   Hinson, Eloise M.; Lim, Julianne; Oldroyd, Benjamin P., Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A12, Behav \& Genet Social Insects Lab, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   Duncan, Michael, Univ Western Sydney, Sch Sci \& Hlth, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
   Arundel, Jonathan, Univ Melbourne, Dept Infrastruct Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s13592-014-0334-x}},
ISSN = {{0044-8435}},
EISSN = {{1297-9678}},
Keywords = {{feral honey bees; colony density; microsatellite haplotypes; population
   size}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NATIVE BEE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EUROPEAN HONEYBEES; NEST SITES;
   POLLINATION; POPULATION; CONGREGATION; HYMENOPTERA; FLOODPLAIN; MARKERS}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{boldroyd@bio.usyd.edu.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Oldroyd, Benjamin/A-4800-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Oldroyd, Benjamin/0000-0001-6831-3677}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{University of SydneyUniversity of Sydney; RIRDC}},
Funding-Text = {{This project was funded by a University of Sydney Sustainable Futures
   grant to Ben Oldroyd and by a RIRDC grant to Jonathan Arundel.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{51}},
Journal-ISO = {{Apidologie}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CH6GP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000354134900014}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000353405300004,
Author = {McMahon, Dino P. and Fuerst, Matthias A. and Caspar, Jesicca and
   Theodorou, Panagiotis and Brown, Mark J. F. and Paxton, Robert J.},
Title = {{A sting in the spit: widespread cross-infection of multiple RNA viruses
   across wild and managed bees}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{84}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{615-624}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Declining populations of bee pollinators are a cause of concern, with
   major repercussions for biodiversity loss and food security. RNA viruses
   associated with honeybees represent a potential threat to other insect
   pollinators, but the extent of this threat is poorly understood. This
   study aims to attain a detailed understanding of the current and ongoing
   risk of emerging infectious disease (EID) transmission between managed
   and wild pollinator species across a wide range of RNA viruses. Within a
   structured large-scale national survey across 26 independent sites, we
   quantify the prevalence and pathogen loads of multiple RNA viruses in
   co-occurring managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and wild bumblebee
   (Bombus spp.) populations. We then construct models that compare virus
   prevalence between wild and managed pollinators. Multiple RNA viruses
   associated with honeybees are widespread in sympatric wild bumblebee
   populations. Virus prevalence in honeybees is a significant predictor of
   virus prevalence in bumblebees, but we remain cautious in speculating
   over the principle direction of pathogen transmission. We demonstrate
   species-specific differences in prevalence, indicating significant
   variation in disease susceptibility or tolerance. Pathogen loads within
   individual bumblebees may be high and in the case of at least one RNA
   virus, prevalence is higher in wild bumblebees than in managed honeybee
   populations. Our findings indicate widespread transmission of RNA
   viruses between managed and wild bee pollinators, pointing to an
   interconnected network of potential disease pressures within and among
   pollinator species. In the context of the biodiversity crisis, our study
   emphasizes the importance of targeting a wide range of pathogens and
   defining host associations when considering potential drivers of
   population decline.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{McMahon, DP (Corresponding Author), Queens Univ Belfast, MBC, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland.
   McMahon, Dino P.; Paxton, Robert J., Queens Univ Belfast, MBC, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland.
   McMahon, Dino P., Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
   McMahon, Dino P., BAM Fed Inst Mat Res \& Testing, Dept Mat \& Environm, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
   Fuerst, Matthias A.; Brown, Mark J. F., Royal Holloway Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20, Surrey, England.
   Fuerst, Matthias A., IST Austria, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
   Caspar, Jesicca; Theodorou, Panagiotis; Paxton, Robert J., Univ Halle Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany.
   Theodorou, Panagiotis; Paxton, Robert J., Halle Jena Leipzig, German Ctr integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2656.12345}},
ISSN = {{0021-8790}},
EISSN = {{1365-2656}},
Keywords = {{Apis; Bombus; decline; pathogen; spillover}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; BUMBLE BEES; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; PARALYSIS VIRUS;
   APIS-MELLIFERA; VIRAL PATHOGEN; DECLINE; TRANSMISSION; CONSERVATION;
   POLLINATORS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Zoology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Zoology}},
Author-Email = {{dino.mcmahon@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Theodorou, Panagiotis/D-4906-2015
   McMahon, Dino/S-2620-2019
   McMahon, Dino/F-7006-2012
   Paxton, Robert/D-7082-2015
   Furst, Matthias/J-8479-2014}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Theodorou, Panagiotis/0000-0002-4056-5300
   McMahon, Dino/0000-0003-1119-5299
   McMahon, Dino/0000-0003-1119-5299
   Paxton, Robert/0000-0003-2517-1351
   Furst, Matthias/0000-0002-3712-925X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Insect Pollinators Initiative (IPI) {[}BB/1000100/1, BB/I000151/1];
   Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and
   Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Department for
   Environment, Food and Rural AffairsDepartment for Environment, Food \&
   Rural Affairs (DEFRA); Natural Environment Research CouncilNERC Natural
   Environment Research Council; Scottish Government; Wellcome Trust, under
   the Living with Environmental Change PartnershipWellcome Trust;
   Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and
   Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) {[}BB/I000151/1,
   BB/I000100/1] Funding Source: Researchfish}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank J.R. de Miranda, L. De Smet and D. de Graaf for supplying
   qRT-PCR and MLPA positive controls, respectively, in the form of
   plasmids. This work was supported by the Insect Pollinators Initiative
   (IPI grants BB/1000100/1 and BB/I000151/1). The IPI is funded jointly by
   the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the
   Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Natural
   Environment Research Council, The Scottish Government and The Wellcome
   Trust, under the Living with Environmental Change Partnership.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
Times-Cited = {{116}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{141}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Anim. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG6JD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353405300004}},
OA = {{Other Gold, Green Published, Green Accepted}},
ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000353730200027,
Author = {Tschoeke, Paulo Henrique and Oliveira, Eugenio E. and Dalcin, Mateus S.
   and Silveira-Tschoeke, Marcela Cristina A. C. and Santos, Gil Rodrigues},
Title = {{Diversity and flower-visiting rates of bee species as potential
   pollinators of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in the Brazilian Cerrado}},
Journal = {{SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{186}},
Pages = {{207-216}},
Month = {{APR 21}},
Abstract = {{Although bees are important pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide,
   studies on bee diversity and their contribution to pollination of
   commercial plants in the Brazilian Cerrado (savannah-like biome) are
   scarce. The Cerrado biome covers approximately 23\% of Brazil and is one
   of the world's most important agricultural frontiers. Here, we conducted
   field experiments in the Brazilian Cerrado to evaluate the diversity of
   bees, their foraging behaviors and flower visiting periods, and their
   potential contribution to the performance of six melon (Cucumis melo L.)
   cultivars. Five bee species (Apis mellifera, Halictus sp., Plebeia sp.,
   Trigona pallens, and T. spinipes) were recorded visiting both male and
   hermaphrodite flower types of all C melo cultivars. Whereas A. mellifera
   showed two peaks of flower visitation (an intense first one between 8:00
   a.m. and 11 :00 a.m. and a second less intense one after 4:00 p.m.), all
   other bee species visited the C melo flowers only in the morning, with
   intensities and visitation peaks similar to those of A. mellifera. All
   of these bees collected nectar and pollen. Our results also indicated a
   moderate correlation between the intensity of bee visitation and fruit
   weight, demonstrating that all of these bees had the potential to
   pollinate C. melo and to influence its productivity. Except for the
   cultivar `Hibrix', all the other cultivars showed economic feasibility
   and produced fruits of marketable sizes, with an estimated yield (over
   25 tons/ha) in the range registered in other Brazilian regions. (C) 2015
   Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Oliveira, EE (Corresponding Author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Entomol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil.
   Tschoeke, Paulo Henrique; Dalcin, Mateus S.; Silveira-Tschoeke, Marcela Cristina A. C.; Santos, Gil Rodrigues, Univ Fed Tocantins, BR-77410530 Gurupi, TO, Brazil.
   Oliveira, Eugenio E., Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Entomol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.scienta.2015.02.027}},
ISSN = {{0304-4238}},
EISSN = {{1879-1018}},
Keywords = {{Wild bees; Halictus sp.; Plebeia sp.; Trigona sp.; Melon production}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APIS-MELLIFERA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYMENOPTERA;
   HONEYBEES; BIOLOGY}},
Research-Areas = {{Agriculture}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Horticulture}},
Author-Email = {{eugenio@ufv.br}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Santos, Gil Rodrigues/G-3274-2012
   de Oliveira, Eugenio Eduardo/F-4045-2016}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Secretaria do Desenvolvimento Economic, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao
   do Estado do Tocantins; CAPES FoundationCAPES; National Council of
   Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Council for
   Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Minas Gerais State
   Foundation for Research Aid (FAPEMIG)Minas Gerais State Research
   Foundation (FAPEMIG); Arthur Bernardes Foundation (FUNARBE)}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Dr. Khalid Haddi for a critical review of the manuscript.
   Grants from the Secretaria do Desenvolvimento Economic, Ciencia,
   Tecnologia e Inovacao do Estado do Tocantins, the CAPES Foundation, the
   National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the
   Minas Gerais State Foundation for Research Aid (FAPEMIG), and the Arthur
   Bernardes Foundation (FUNARBE) supported this work.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
Times-Cited = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{40}},
Journal-ISO = {{Sci. Hortic.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CH0RN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353730200027}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000353017000147,
Author = {Maxfield-Taylor, Sarah A. and Mujic, Alija B. and Rao, Sujaya},
Title = {{First Detection of the Larval Chalkbrood Disease Pathogen Ascosphaera
   apis (Ascomycota: Eurotiomycetes: Ascosphaerales) in Adult Bumble Bees}},
Journal = {{PLOS ONE}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{10}},
Number = {{4}},
Month = {{APR 17}},
Abstract = {{Fungi in the genus Ascosphaera (Ascomycota: Eurotiomycetes:
   Ascosphaerales) cause chalkbrood disease in larvae of bees. Here, we
   report the first-ever detection of the fungus in adult bumble bees that
   were raised in captivity for studies on colony development. Wild queens
   of Bombus griseocollis, B. nevadensis and B. vosnesenskii were collected
   and maintained for establishment of nests. Queens that died during
   rearing or that did not lay eggs within one month of capture were
   dissected, and tissues were examined microscopically for the presence of
   pathogens. Filamentous fungi that were detected were plated on
   artificial media containing broad spectrum antibiotics for isolation and
   identification. Based on morphological characters, the fungus was
   identified as Ascosphaera apis (Maasen ex Claussen) Olive and Spiltoir,
   a species that has been reported earlier only from larvae of the
   European honey bee, Apis mellifera, the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana,
   and the carpenter bee Xylocopa californica arizonensis. The identity of
   the fungus was confirmed using molecular markers and phylogenetic
   analysis. Ascosphaera apis was detected in queens of all three bumble
   bee species examined. Of 150 queens dissected, 12 (8\%) contained
   vegetative and reproductive stages of the fungus. Both fungal stages
   were also detected in two workers collected from colonies with
   Ascosphaera-infected B. nevadensis queens. In this study, wild bees
   could have been infected prior to capture for rearing, or, the A. apis
   infection could have originated via contaminated European honey bee
   pollen fed to the bumble bees in captivity. Thus, the discovery of A.
   apis in adult bumble bees in the current study has important
   implications for commercial production of bumble bee colonies and
   highlights potential risks to native bees via pathogen spillover from
   infected bees and infected pollen.}},
Publisher = {{PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}},
Address = {{1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rao, S (Corresponding Author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop \& Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   Maxfield-Taylor, Sarah A.; Rao, Sujaya, Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop \& Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   Mujic, Alija B., Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot \& Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0124868}},
Article-Number = {{e0124868}},
ISSN = {{1932-6203}},
Keywords-Plus = {{AGRI-ENVIRONMENT SCHEMES; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; WILD POLLINATORS;
   DNA-SEQUENCES; MIXED MODELS; SOLITARY BEE; DECLINE; FUNGUS;
   CONSERVATION; HYMENOPTERA}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{sujaya@oregonstate.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Agricultural Research Foundation; Oregon State University {[}3958]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Foundation
   (http://agresearchfoundation.oregonstate.edu/), Oregon State University,
   Grant \# 3958 received by SR. The funder had no role in study design,
   data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
   manuscript.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
Times-Cited = {{19}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
Journal-ISO = {{PLoS One}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG1EX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353017000147}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000356078800015,
Author = {Faria, Rogerio Rodrigues and Araujo, Andrea Cardoso},
Title = {{Fruit set of distylous Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae)
   mediated by Apis mellifera (Apidae) and species of Augochloropsis
   (Halictidae)}},
Journal = {{ACTA BOTANICA BRASILICA}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{29}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{278-281}},
Month = {{APR-JUN}},
Abstract = {{Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism consisting in the presence of two
   morphs in the population that differ reciprocally in the position of
   their sexual organs. Heterostylous species depend on visitors to produce
   fruits, but the efficiency of insect species as pollinators greatly
   varies and depends on the morph visited. The aim of the present study
   was to determine the effect of a single visit by the bees Apis mellifera
   and species of Augochloropsis on the fruit set of the distylous species
   Psychotria carthagenensis. After a single visit from each bee species,
   flowers were bagged to monitor the fruit set. Pollination effectiveness
   between pollinators and morphs was compared. The results of the
   experiments were compared with data from manual intermorph
   cross-pollination using the G test. There were no significant
   differences in the fruit set between treatments (insect visit and
   cross-pollination), and between flowers visited by Augochloropsis spp.
   and flowers visited by A. mellifera. Our results suggest that
   pollination effectiveness of the studied bees was not related to floral
   morph, and that both exotic and native bees showed similar performances
   on the fruit set of P. carthagenensis.}},
Publisher = {{SOC BOTANICA BRASIL}},
Address = {{CAIXA POSTAL 3005, SAO PAULO SP, 01061-970, BRAZIL}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Faria, RR (Corresponding Author), Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus Aquidauana Oscar Trindade Barros 740, BR-79200000 Aquidauana, MS, Brazil.
   Faria, Rogerio Rodrigues, Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Programa Posgrad Ecol \& Conservacao, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
   Araujo, Andrea Cardoso, Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Ctr Ciencias Biol \& Saude, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.}},
DOI = {{10.1590/0102-33062014abb0006}},
ISSN = {{0102-3306}},
EISSN = {{1677-941X}},
Keywords = {{Bee pollination; heterostyly; honeybees; pollination effectiveness;
   reproductive success}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POLLINATION NETWORKS; INTRODUCED BEES; CLOUD FOREST; HONEY-BEE; PLANT;
   MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; BUMBLEBEE; FREQUENCY; IMPACTS}},
Research-Areas = {{Plant Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Plant Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{roger.faria@yahoo.com.br}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Araujo, Andrea Cardoso/D-9439-2013
   Faria, Rogerio/U-5121-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Araujo, Andrea Cardoso/0000-0003-0394-2012
   Faria, Rogerio/0000-0003-0944-2190}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{FUNDECT/CAPES {[}41/100.271/2006]; FUNDECTFundect {[}23/200.288/2008]}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to V.J. Pott for plant identification; to P.
   Menezes and V.A. Laura for logistical support in the PSP and EMBRAPA
   reserves, respectively; to C.C. Castro, M.R. Sigrist, A.P.L. Lemke and
   two anonymous referees for helpful comments; to L. Navarro for comments
   on prior drafts of the manuscript; and to the Brazilian fostering
   agencies FUNDECT/CAPES for the doctoral grant awarded to R.R. Faria
   (41/100.271/2006) and to FUNDECT for financial support
   (23/200.288/2008).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
Journal-ISO = {{Acta Bot. Bras.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CK2XR}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000356078800015}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000354964800007,
Author = {Jongjitvimol, Touchkanin and Petchsri, Sahanat},
Title = {{Native Bee Pollinators and Pollen Sources of Apidae (Hymenoptera) in
   Four Forest Types of Lower Northern Thailand}},
Journal = {{SAINS MALAYSIANA}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{44}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{529-536}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Bee species diversity and pollen sources of Apidae (Hymenoptera) in
   Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, lower northern Thailand, were studied
   from 2011 to 2012. The forest types encountered were deciduous
   dipterocarp, deciduous with bamboo, seasonal evergreen and dipterocarp -
   pine forests. Sweep nets and honey bait traps were used to collect bee
   samples. The beta diversity of native bees was high with 22 recorded
   insect species from 12 genera and pollen grains collected by native bees
   were 62 plant species from 28 families. The plant family Fabaceae
   (Leguminosae) contained the greatest number of species (9 species). The
   main pollen source of native bees was Hopea odorata Roxb.
   (Dipterocarpaceae) which was collected by 19 bee species. The result
   from biodiversity indices i.e. species diversity (H'), species evenness
   (J'), similarity habitat (Ss) and species richness (D) indicated that
   this area has relatively high species diversity. In addition, the dwarf
   honey bees, Apis florea Fabricius, 1787, are the main pollinator at the
   study site with the highest number of pollinated plant species (46
   species). Thus, this bee could be used as a biological indicator for
   future studies.}},
Publisher = {{UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA}},
Address = {{FACULTY SCIENCE \& TECHNOLOGY, BANGI, SELANGOR, 43600, MALAYSIA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Jongjitvimol, T (Corresponding Author), Pibulsongkram Rajabhat Univ, Fac Sci \& Technol, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
   Jongjitvimol, Touchkanin, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat Univ, Fac Sci \& Technol, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
   Petchsri, Sahanat, Kasetsart Univ, Fac Liberal Arts \& Sci, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.}},
DOI = {{10.17576/jsm-2015-4404-07}},
ISSN = {{0126-6039}},
Keywords = {{Biodiversity; native bees; seasonal forests; Thailand; vegetation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DIVERSITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{touchkanin@psru.ac.th}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Biodiversity Research and Training Program {[}BRT R352045]; Higher
   Education Research Promotion - National Research Universities (HERP-NRU)
   {[}2555A14262043]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by grant from the Biodiversity Research and
   Training Program (BRT R352045) and the Higher Education Research
   Promotion - National Research Universities (HERP-NRU) budget under the
   biodiversity project (2555A14262043).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
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Journal-ISO = {{Sains Malays.}},
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}

@article{ ISI:000353007200023,
Author = {Rubene, Diana and Schroeder, Martin and Ranius, Thomas},
Title = {{Diversity patterns of wild bees and wasps in managed boreal forests:
   Effects of spatial structure, local habitat and surrounding landscape}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{184}},
Pages = {{201-208}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Understanding patterns of species diversity at different spatial scales
   is important for adapting management and conservation efforts. We have
   therefore studied wild bee and wasp (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) diversity
   structure in forest landscapes and evaluated the importance of
   conservation management at the local and landscape levels. Surveys were
   conducted at 32 clearcuts in eight landscapes in a managed boreal forest
   region. We assessed the influence of local habitat and landscape
   composition on species richness patterns and the effect of prescribed
   burning and landscape affinity on species composition for all bees and
   wasps as well as ecological and functional groups. The relative
   contribution of alpha and beta diversity on the regional level was
   assessed by diversity partitioning and the beta diversity between
   landscapes further partitioned into components of species turnover and
   nestedness. Bee and wasp species richness increased with high flower
   richness and clearcut size, and species composition differed between
   burned and unburned sites. Thus, flower-rich early-successional sites in
   boreal forest landscapes are important habitats for wild bees and wasps.
   To support this fauna, openness should be maintained for extended
   periods by delaying or avoiding tree plantation at flower-rich spots on
   clearcuts. Beta diversity between landscapes accounted for the greatest
   proportion of the total regional gamma diversity, and over 70\% of this
   diversity was due to species turnover. This implies that in order to
   maintain regional diversity, conservation efforts should be spatially
   dispersed, i.e. applied to every landscape of a few hundred square
   kilometers and adapted to the local species assemblages. (C) 2015
   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rubene, D (Corresponding Author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Box 7044, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
   Rubene, Diana; Schroeder, Martin; Ranius, Thomas, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.029}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
Keywords = {{Aculeata; Beta diversity; Clearcuts; Dead wood; Pollinators; Prescribed
   fire}},
Keywords-Plus = {{COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; BETA-DIVERSITY; TREE RETENTION;
   SAPROXYLIC BEETLES; NORTHERN EUROPE; ALPHA-DIVERSITY; CONTEXT AFFECTS;
   FIRE; CONSERVATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{Diana.Rubene@slu.se
   Martin.Schroeder@slu.se
   Thomas.Ranius@slu.se}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rubene, Diana/S-1720-2019}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swedish research council FORMASSwedish Research CouncilSwedish Research
   Council Formas {[}215-2009-569]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Sven Hellqvist and Erik Sjodin for species identification and
   together with Magnus Stenmark and Per Westerfeldt for advice on bee and
   wasp ecology and sampling. Thanks to Mikael Andersson for statistical
   support, Josefin Sundberg for help with the field work, Lisa Karlsson
   and Kerem Sancak for lab assistance, Milda Norkute and Magdalena Steiner
   for GIS collaboration and Matthew Hiron for useful comments on the
   manuscript. Thanks also to Bode Pettersson from Bergvik Skog AB for data
   on prescribed fires and clearcutting operations. Financial support was
   provided by the Swedish research council FORMAS (grant no 215-2009-569).}},
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