text:
}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-1814-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262404501228}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000262404502145,
Author = {Tsipouras, Markos G. and Exarchos, Themis P. and Fotiadis, Dimitrios I.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Automated creation of transparent fuzzy models based on decision trees -
   application to diabetes diagnosis}},
Booktitle = {{2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
   Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-8}},
Series = {{IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings}},
Year = {{2008}},
Pages = {{3799-3802}},
Note = {{30th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, Vancouver, CANADA, AUG
   20-24, 2008}},
Organization = {{DEVICIX; Green Coll; Natl Inst Hlth; NIBIB; NSF; PLEXON Inc; UBC Engn
   Biomed Engn; Univ Washington, Coll Engn; Bentham Sci Publ Ltd; Recent
   Patents Biomed Engn; Recent Patents Engn}},
Abstract = {{In this paper we propose a novel approach for the simplification of a
   fuzzy model. Initially, we employ a methodology for the automated
   generation of fuzzy models based on decision trees. The methodology is
   realized in three stages. Initially, a crisp model is created from a
   decision tree, induced from the data. Then, the crisp model it is
   transformed to a fuzzy one. Finally, in the third stage, all parameters
   entering the fuzzy model are optimized. The simplification technique is
   based on the pruning of the initial decision tree. The proposed approach
   is applied for diabetes diagnosis and the obtained results indicate its
   efficiency and effectiveness.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4650036}},
ISSN = {{1557-170X}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-1814-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262404502145}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000262404503167,
Author = {Markakis, Mihalis G. and Mitsis, Georglos D. and Papavassilopoulos,
   George P. and Marmarelis, Vasilis Z.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Model Predictive Control of Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes: the
   Principal Dynamic Modes approach}},
Booktitle = {{2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
   Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-8}},
Series = {{IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings}},
Year = {{2008}},
Pages = {{5466-5469}},
Note = {{30th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, Vancouver, CANADA, AUG
   20-24, 2008}},
Organization = {{DEVICIX; Green Coll; Natl Inst Hlth; NIBIB; NSF; PLEXON Inc; UBC Engn
   Biomed Engn; Univ Washington, Coll Engn; Bentham Sci Publ Ltd; Recent
   Patents Biomed Engn; Recent Patents Engn}},
Abstract = {{This computational study demonstrates the efficacy of regulating blood
   glucose in Type I diabetics with a Model Predictive Control strategy,
   utilizing a nonparametric/Principal Dynamic Modes model. For this
   purpose, a stochastic glucose disturbance signal is introduced and a
   simple methodology for predicting its future values is developed. The
   results of our simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm achieves
   very good performance, is computationally efficient and avoids
   hypoglycaemic events.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4650451}},
ISSN = {{1557-170X}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-1814-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262404503167}},
}

@article{ ISI:000251859500007,
Author = {Ciechanowska, Anna and Ladyzynski, Piotr and Wojcicki, Jan M. and
   Sabalinska, Stanislawa and Krzymien, Janusz and Pulawska, Elzbieta and
   Karnafel, Waldemar and Foltynski, Piotr and Kawiak, Jerzy},
Title = {{Microdialysis technique as a monitoring system for acute complications
   of diabetes}},
Journal = {{ARTIFICIAL ORGANS}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{32}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{45-51}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{The objective of the study was to establish the quasi-continuous
   courses, using microdialysis technique, of glucose, lactate, and
   glycerol concentrations in interstitial fluid of abdominal adipose
   tissue during the standard treatment of acute diabetes complications.
   Clinical studies were carried out on 31 diabetic patients during the
   initial 48 h of the treatment. In all but two obese female patients with
   hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) did glucose concentration in
   perfusion fluid (PF) reflect concentration in capillary blood. The
   recovery of glucose correlated with patients' body mass index (r =
   0.55). It was significantly higher in lean and overweight patients (91
   +/- 15\%) than in obese patients (55 +/- 31\%). The course of lactate
   concentration in PF coincided with the course in venous blood (2.1 +/-
   0.3 mmol/L vs. 2.0 +/- 0.5 mmol/L, P = 0.35). Glycerol concentration was
   267 +/- 41 mu mol/L and 133 +/- 40 mu mol/L in PF and venous blood,
   respectively (P = 0.004). The study indicated that microdialysis may be
   an effective tool to monitor concentration of different metabolites in
   interstitial fluid of the adipose tissue during treatment of the acute
   complications of diabetes. Applicability of the technique in the
   monitoring of HHS, especially in obese female patients, needs further
   investigation.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00450.x}},
ISSN = {{0160-564X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251859500007}},
}

@article{ ISI:000250295300048,
Author = {Polat, Kemal and Guenes, Salih and Arslan, Ahmet},
Title = {{A cascade learning system for classification of diabetes disease:
   Generalized discriminant analysis and least square support vector
   machine}},
Journal = {{EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{34}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{482-487}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{The aim of this study is to diagnosis of diabetes disease, which is one
   of the most important diseases in medical field using Generalized
   Discriminant Analysis (GDA) and Least Square Support Vector Machine
   (LS-SVM). Also, we proposed a new cascade learning system based on
   Generalized Discriminant Analysis and Least Square Support Vector
   Machine. The proposed system consists of two stages. The first stage, we
   have used Generalized Discriminant Analysis to discriminant feature
   variables between healthy and patient (diabetes) data as pre-processing
   process. The second stage, we have used LS-SVM in order to
   classification of diabetes dataset. While LS-SVM obtained 78.21\%
   classification accuracy using 10-fold cross validation, the proposed
   system called GDA-LS-SVM obtained 82.05\% classification accuracy using
   10-fold cross validation. The robustness of the proposed system is
   examined using classification accuracy, k-fold cross-validation method
   and confusion matrix. The obtained classification accuracy is 82.05\%
   and it is very promising compared to the previously reported
   classification techniques. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.eswa.2006.09.012}},
ISSN = {{0957-4174}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250295300048}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000265567100224,
Author = {Han, Jianchao and Rodriguze, Juan C. and Beheshti, Mohsen},
Title = {{Diabetes Data Analysis and Prediction Model Discovery Using RapidMiner}},
Booktitle = {{FGCN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2008 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURE
   GENERATION COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING, VOLS 1 AND 2}},
Year = {{2008}},
Pages = {{1048-1051}},
Note = {{2nd International Conference on Future Generation Communications and
   Networking, Hainan, PEOPLES R CHINA, DEC 13-15, 2008}},
Organization = {{IEEE}},
Abstract = {{Data mining techniques have been extensively applied in bioinformatics
   to analyze biomedical data. In this paper, we choose the Rapid-I's
   RapidMiner as our tool to analyze a Pima Indians Diabetes Data Set,
   which collects the information of patients with and without developing
   diabetes. The discussion follows the data mining process. The focus will
   be on the data preprocessing, including attribute identification and
   selection, outlier removal, data normalization and numerical
   discretization, visual data analysis, hidden relationships discovery,
   and a diabetes prediction model construction.}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-4008-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265567100224}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000256697800048,
Author = {Kim, Dan Bi and Lee, Ju-young and Jang, Eun-jung and Lee, Ji-young and
   Kim, Taek},
Editor = {{Azevedo, L and Londral, AR}},
Title = {{Implementation of EPS\_T2DM - Implementation of early prediction system
   for Type 2 diabetes Mellitus}},
Booktitle = {{HEALTHINF 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
   HEALTH INFORMATICS, VOL 1}},
Year = {{2008}},
Pages = {{254-257}},
Note = {{1st International Conference on Health Informatics (HEALTHINF 2008),
   Funchal, PORTUGAL, JAN 28-31, 2008}},
Organization = {{Inst Syst \& Technol Informat, Control \& Commun; Univ Madeira; IEEE
   EMB; Workflow Management Coalit; Assoc Advancement Artificial
   Intelligence}},
Abstract = {{This paper describes the implementation of an early prediction system
   for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a
   multifactorial disease. It is not only associated with an unhealthy
   lifestyle but also has a strong genetic component. Accordingly, in order
   to decrease an incidence rate of T2DM, it is important to predict T2DM
   risk with using multifactors which are supposed to affect T2DM. We have
   implemented a prediction system for T2DM, and it employs several
   statistical prediction models. These models are produced by statistical
   analysis about cohort data of Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
   (KoGES), and include risk factors which are adequate for preventing T2DM
   in Korean populations. The prediction system is written in JSF and Java,
   and developed into web application which is designed through object
   oriented modeling. Web application of this system offers user interfaces
   in order to input data which is needed for predicting risk group, select
   predefined prediction models, and so on. The system provides the results
   which are predicted by selected models using inputted information.}},
ISBN = {{978-989-8111-16-6}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000256697800048}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000262400400001,
Author = {Rewers, Marian and Teddy Study Grp},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Schatz, DA and Atkinson, A}},
Title = {{The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
   TEDDY Study Group}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES V: FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE}},
Series = {{Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{1150}},
Pages = {{1-13}},
Note = {{9th International Congress of the
   Immunology-of-Diabeties-Society/American-Diabeties-Association-Research
   Symposium, Miami Beach, FL, NOV 14-18, 2007}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc; Amer Diabet Assoc Res}},
Abstract = {{The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown, but a growing
   body of evidence points to infectious agents and/or components of early
   childhood diet. The National Institutes of Health has established the
   TEDDY Study consortium of six clinical centers in the United States and
   Europe and a data coordinating center to identify environmental factors
   predisposing to, or protective against, islet autoimmunity and T1D. From
   20042009, TEDDY will screen more than 360,000 newborns from both the
   general population and families already affected by T1D to identify an
   estimated 17,804 children with high-risk HLA-DR, DQ genotypes. Of those,
   7,801 (788 first-degree relatives and 7,013 newborns with no family
   history of T1D) will be enrolled in prospective follow-up beginning
   before the age of 4.5 months. As of May 2008, TEDDY has screened more
   than 250,000 newborns and enrolled nearly 5,000 infants-approximately
   70\% of the final cohort. Participants are seen every 3 months up to 4
   years of age, with subsequent visits every 6 months until the subject is
   15 years of age. Blood samples are collected at each visit for detection
   of candidate infectious agents and nutritional biomarkers; monthly stool
   samples are collected for infectious agents. These samples are saved in
   a central repository. Primary endpoints include (1) appearance of one or
   more islet autoantibodies (to insulin, GAD65 or IA-2) confirmed at two
   consecutive visits; (2) development of T1D. By age 15, an estimated 800
   children will develop islet autoimmunity and 400 will progress to T1D;
   67 and 27 children have already reached these endpoints.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1447.062}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-733-7}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lu, Chin-Li/C-3832-2012}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262400400001}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000262400400006,
Author = {King, Marie and Pearson, Todd and Rossini, Aldo A. and Shultz, Leonard
   D. and Greiner, Dale L.},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Schatz, DA and Atkinson, A}},
Title = {{Humanized Mice for the Study of Type 1 Diabetes and Beta Cell Function}},
Booktitle = {{Immunology of Diabetes V: From Bench to Bedside}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{1150}},
Pages = {{46-53}},
Note = {{9th International Congress of the
   Immunology-of-Diabeties-Society/American-Diabeties-Association-Research
   Symposium, Miami Beach, FL, NOV 14-18, 2007}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc; Amer Diabet Assoc Res}},
Abstract = {{Our understanding of the basic biology of diabetes has been guided by
   observations made using animal models, particularly rodents. However,
   humans are not mice, and outcomes predicted by murine studies are not
   always representative of actual outcomes in the clinic. In particular,
   investigators studying diabetes have relied heavily on mouse and rat
   models of autoimmune type 1-like diabetes, and experimental results
   using these models have not been representative of many of the clinical
   trials in type 1 diabetes. In this article, we describe the availability
   of new models of humanized mice for the study of three areas of
   diabetes. These include the use of humanized mice for the study of (1)
   human islet stem and progenitor cells, (2) human islet allograft
   rejection, and (3) human immunity and autoimmunity. These humanized
   mouse models provide an important preclinical bridge between in vitro
   studies and rodent models and the translation of discoveries in these
   model systems to the clinic.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1447.009}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-733-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262400400006}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000262400400019,
Author = {Bortell, Rita and Pino, Steven C. and Greiner, Dale L. and Zipris, Danny
   and Rossini, Aldo A.},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Schatz, DA and Atkinson, A}},
Title = {{Closing the Circle between the Bedside and the Bench Toll-Like Receptors
   in Models of Virally Induced Diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{Immunology of Diabetes V: From Bench to Bedside}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{1150}},
Pages = {{112-122}},
Note = {{9th International Congress of the
   Immunology-of-Diabeties-Society/American-Diabeties-Association-Research
   Symposium, Miami Beach, FL, NOV 14-18, 2007}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc; Amer Diabet Assoc Res}},
Abstract = {{Animal models provide many strategies to unravel the complex interplay
   of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors involved in the
   pathogenesis of type 1A (autoimmune) diabetes. Diabetes can be studied
   at multiple levels, and new technological advancements provide insights
   into the functioning of organelle and cellular structures. The role of
   innate immunity in the response to environmental pathogens has provided
   possible biochemical and molecular mechanisms which can explain certain
   clinical events in diabetes. These investigations may uncover new
   therapies and strategies to prevent type 1A diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1447.025}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-733-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262400400019}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000262400400034,
Author = {Johansson, AnnaKarin and Hermansson, Goeran and Ludvigsson, Johnny and
   ABIS Study Grp},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Schatz, DA and Atkinson, A}},
Title = {{Tobacco Exposure and Diabetes-Related Autoantibodies in Children Results
   from the ABIS Study}},
Booktitle = {{Immunology of Diabetes V: From Bench to Bedside}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{1150}},
Pages = {{197-199}},
Note = {{9th International Congress of the
   Immunology-of-Diabeties-Society/American-Diabeties-Association-Research
   Symposium, Miami Beach, FL, NOV 14-18, 2007}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc; Amer Diabet Assoc Res}},
Abstract = {{Passive smoking has decreased in recent years ({''}increased
   hygiene{''}). Less environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) gives increased
   hygiene that, if the hygiene hypothesis is true, in turn might give more
   autoimmune diseases. The presence of auto antibodies is considered to be
   an early indicator of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Because tobacco exposure
   may influence the immune system, we analyzed the relation between
   passive smoking and development of autoantibodies. A subsample (n =
   8794) of the children in the ABIS study was used for this analysis. The
   parents answered questionnaires on smoking from pregnancy and onwards,
   and blood samples from the children aged 2.5-3 years were analyzed for
   GADA and IA-2A. Results showed that there was no significant difference
   in the prevalence of GADA or IA-2A (> 95 percentile) between
   tobacco-exposed and nonexposed children. It was concluded that passive
   smoking does not seem to influence development of diabetes-related
   autoantibodies early in life.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1447.023}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-733-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262400400034}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000262400400043,
Author = {Unnikrishnan, A. G. and Bhatia, Eesh and Bhatia, Vijayalakshmi and
   Bhadada, Sanjay Kumar and Sahay, Rakesh Kumar and Kannan, Arun and
   Kumaravel, V. and Sarma, Dipti and Ganapathy, Bantwal and Thomas, Nihal
   and John, Mathew and Jayakumar, R. V. and Kumar, Harish and Nair,
   Vasantha and Sanjeevi, Carani B.},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Schatz, DA and Atkinson, A}},
Title = {{Type 1 Diabetes versus Type 2 Diabetes with Onset in Persons Younger
   than 20 Years of Age Results from an Indian Multicenter Study}},
Booktitle = {{Immunology of Diabetes V: From Bench to Bedside}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{1150}},
Pages = {{239-244}},
Note = {{9th International Congress of the
   Immunology-of-Diabeties-Society/American-Diabeties-Association-Research
   Symposium, Miami Beach, FL, NOV 14-18, 2007}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc; Amer Diabet Assoc Res}},
Abstract = {{Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common form of diabetes in children in
   Western countries. There have been no large studies of childhood
   diabetes from India. We undertook the MEDI study (Multicenter Survey of
   Early Onset Diabetes in India) to assess the proportion of various
   subtypes of diabetes among the young subjects presenting to the
   endocrinology divisions of seven large teaching hospitals in different
   regions of India. In addition, we compared the clinical features of T1D
   and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Indian subjects. Patients with onset of
   disease at younger than 20 years of age were included in this study. Six
   hundred and three subjects (603) were studied of whom 535 subjects
   (89\%) had T1D, 36 (6\%) had T2D, 18 (3\%) had diabetes related to
   tropical pancreatitis or other forms of chronic pancreatitis, while
   other subtypes accounted for the rest. Compared to those with T2D,
   subjects with T1D were younger, had a lower C-peptide level, higher
   prevalence of ketosis, lower prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, and
   lower LDL and triglyceride levels. When compared with that of T2D, a
   higher proportion of patients with T1D were positive for GAD-65 and IA-2
   antibodies, and this difference was statistically significant for GAD-65
   antibodies. Overall, this large multicenter study showed that T1D is the
   commonest form of diabetes in childhood. T2D is the next most common
   kind, while chronic pancreatitis-related diabetes is uncommon.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1447.056}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-733-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262400400043}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000255833300030,
Author = {Gaens, Katrien H. J. and van der Kallen, Carla J. H. and van
   Greevenbroek, Marleen M. J. and Feskens, Edith J. and Stehouwer, Coen D.
   A. and Schalkwijk, Casper G.},
Editor = {{Schleicher, E and Somoza, V and Shieberle, P}},
Title = {{Receptor for advanced glycation end product polymorphisms and type 2
   diabetes - The CODAM study}},
Booktitle = {{MAILLARD REACTION: RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{1126}},
Pages = {{162-165}},
Note = {{9th International Symposium on the Maillard Reaction, Munich, GERMANY,
   SEP, 2007}},
Abstract = {{Genetic variation in the receptor for advanced glycation end products
   (RAGE) gene may alter the expression and function of RAGE and affect
   disease development and outcome. We investigated whether single
   nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RAGE were associated with diabetes
   and parameters of glucose homeostasis. In total, nine SNPs of RAGE were
   analyzed in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes in CODAM: a
   cohort study of diabetes and atherosclerosis, Maastricht. A significant
   difference in genotype frequency of SNP rs3134945 was observed between
   the nondiabetic control subjects, subjects with impaired glucose
   metabolism, and diabetic patients. The C allele of this polymorphism was
   significantly associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations, 2-h
   postload glucose concentrations, insulin levels, and homeostasis model
   assessment of insulin resistance. These results indicate that SNP
   rs3134945 or a locus in linkage disequilibrium with this polymorphism
   may be involved in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
   Because the functionality of this polymorphism is not known, the
   mechanism whereby this polymorphism contributes to the development of
   insulin resistance and diabetes has to be further elucidated.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1433.013}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-719-1}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Feskens, Edith/A-3757-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Feskens, Edith/0000-0001-5819-2488}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255833300030}},
}

@article{ ISI:000262520700001,
Author = {Ubeyli, Elif Derya},
Title = {{USE OF THE INTERNET IN MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING: A MODEL DEVELOPED FOR
   DIABETES PREDICTION}},
Journal = {{NEURAL NETWORK WORLD}},
Year = {{2008}},
Volume = {{18}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{427-436}},
Abstract = {{The Internet has become an important source of information for
   physicians seeking immediate data for the management of patients and for
   those developing decision-making methodologies and guidelines for
   clinical practice. In this study; components and subsystems of a medical
   decision support system are presented. An artificial neural network
   model, which is one of the subsystems of the differential diagnosis
   component, has been proposed as a. reasoning tool to support medical
   diagnosis. The input data of artificial neural network models used in
   different medical diagnosis can be obtained via the Internet. The
   present study is concerned with the application of artificial neural
   network model to diabetes prediction. Demographic and medical data of
   diabetics and non-diabetics obtained via the Internet were used as the
   artificial neural network inputs. The accuracy of the neural network's
   results has shown that the diabetes prediction is feasible by the neural
   network described in this study.}},
ISSN = {{1210-0552}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000262520700001}},
}

@article{ ISI:000207730900018,
Author = {Bott, Oliver J. and Hoffmann, Ina and Bergmann, Joachim and Gusew,
   Nathalie and Schnell, Oliver and Gomez, Enrique J. and Hernando, M.
   Elena and Kosche, Patrick and von Ahn, Christian and Mattfeld, Dirk C.
   and Pretschner, Dietrich P.},
Title = {{HIS modelling and simulation based cost-benefit analysis of a
   telemedical system for closed-loop diabetes therapy}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{76}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{S447-S455}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Objectives: INCA (Intelligent Control Assistant for Diabetes) is an EU
   funded project aimed at improving diabetes therapy by creating a
   personal closed-loop system interacting with telemedical remote control.
   This study aims at identifying and applying suitable methods for a
   cost-benefit analysis from the perspective of the payor for health
   services.
   Methods: For cost analysis MOSAIK-M was used, a method and tool for
   health information systems analysis and design. Two MOSAIK-M models were
   created describing conventional insulin pump based diabetes care (CSII),
   and INCA based diabetes care. Both models were parameterised with costs
   and simulated to determine yearly costs of diabetes management and
   treatment for a patient with no diabetes related complications.
   Probability of developing complications and their duration were
   determined based on the Archimedes model. It was parameterised with
   results of a clinical study concerning HbA1c-value changes using the
   INCA system compared with conventional CSII. The simulation results in
   form of years of disease within a 30-year time frame were multiplied
   with corresponding treatment costs.
   Results: Yearly costs of conventional insulin CSII for a diabetes type 1
   patient are D 5908 (German health care system). Using INCA based on the
   clinical study setting would raise yearly costs by (sic)2233. 24\% of
   the INCA costs are generated by the continuous blood glucose measurement
   device, 5\% by IT devices and services. Considering also diabetes
   related complications in a 30-year time frame and HbA1c value reductions
   from 7.9 and 7.6\% (conventional CSII) to 7.5 and 7.3\% (INCA) reduces
   the additional costs of INCA to D 2102 and (sic)2162.
   Conclusions: The approach produces an estimation of a lower bound for
   cost savings concerning the treatment of diabetes related complications
   in a 30-year time frame. These savings alone do not prove cost
   efficiency of the INCA approach. Further work is needed to improve the
   approximation and to include indirect and intangible costs. (C) 2007
   Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2007.06.002}},
ISSN = {{1386-5056}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hernando, M. Elena/A-9575-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hernando, M. Elena/0000-0001-6182-313X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000207730900018}},
}

@article{ ISI:000251498700041,
Author = {Emre, Yalin and Hurtaud, Corinne and Karaca, Melis and Nubel, Tobias and
   Zavala, Flora and Ricquier, Daniel},
Title = {{Role of uncoupling protein UCP2 in cell-mediated immunity: How
   macrophage-mediated insulitis is accelerated in a model of autoimmune
   diabetes}},
Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{104}},
Number = {{48}},
Pages = {{19085-19090}},
Month = {{NOV 27}},
Abstract = {{Infiltration of inflammatory cells into pancreatic islets of Langerhans
   and selective destruction of insulin-secreting beta-cells are
   characteristics of type 1 diabetes. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a
   mitochondrial protein expressed in immune cells. UCP2 controls
   macrophage activation by modulating the production of mitochondrial
   reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPK signaling. We investigated the
   role of UCP2 on immune cell activity in type 1 diabetes in
   Ucp2-deficient mice. Using the model of multiple low-dose streptozotocin
   (STZ)-induced diabetes, we found that autoimmune diabetes was strongly
   accelerated in Ucp2-KO mice, compared with Ucp2-WT mice with increased
   intraislet lymphocytic infiltration. Macrophages from STZ-treated
   Ucp2-KO mice had increased IL-1 beta and nitric oxide (NO) production,
   compared with WT macrophages. Moreover, more macrophages were recruited
   in islets of STZ-treated Ucp2-KO mice, compared with Ucp2-WT mice. This
   finding also was accompanied by increased NO/ROS-induced damage.
   Altogether, our data show that inflammation is stronger in Ucp2-KO mice
   and islets, leading to the exacerbated disease in these mice. Our
   results highlight the mitochondrial protein UCP2 as a new player in
   autoimmune diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1073/pnas.0709557104}},
ISSN = {{0027-8424}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251498700041}},
}

@article{ ISI:000251077000052,
Author = {Feuerer, Markus and Jiang, Wenyu and Holler, Phillip D. and Satpathy,
   Ansuman and Campbell, Christopher and Bogue, Molly and Mathis, Diane and
   Benoist, Christophe},
Title = {{Enhanced thymic selection of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in the NOD
   mouse model of autoimmune diabetes}},
Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{104}},
Number = {{46}},
Pages = {{18181-18186}},
Month = {{NOV 13}},
Abstract = {{FoxP3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the
   maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance, and it has been suggested that
   diabetes-susceptible nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are defective in the
   generation and numbers of Tregs. We found thymic selection of Tregs to
   be under genetic control. Fetal thymic organ cultures on the NOD
   background required 3- to 10-fold more antigen than corresponding
   cultures on the B6 background for optimal induction of Tregs, but once
   the threshold for induction was reached the NOD background yielded close
   to 10-fold more Tregs. This increased selection of Tregs was also found
   in non-transgenic NOD mice in fetal through adult stages. This trait did
   not map to the MHC, idd3, or the chromosome 3 (Chr3) regions that
   control clonal deletion, but mainly to two regions on Chr1 and Chr11.
   Thus, NOD mice do not have a global defect in the generation or
   maintenance of Tregs; if anything, they show the opposite.}},
DOI = {{10.1073/pnas.0708899104}},
ISSN = {{0027-8424}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251077000052}},
}

@article{ ISI:000249914800017,
Author = {Rosenstock, Julio and Muchmore, Douglas and Swanson, Diana and Schmitke,
   Jennifer},
Title = {{AIR((R)) inhaled insulin system: a novel insulin-delivery system for
   patients with diabetes}},
Journal = {{EXPERT REVIEW OF MEDICAL DEVICES}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{4}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{683-692}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Over time, most patients with Type 2 diabetes require
   insulin-replacement therapy to attain and sustain the increasingly
   stringent glycemic goals. Initiation of subcutaneous insulin may be
   delayed due to patient or provider resistance. This delay may increase
   the risk of complications from long-term hyperglycemia. The development
   of inhaled insulin-delivery systems has been pursued to facilitate
   earlier initiation and optimization of insulin therapy to achieve better
   treatment outcomes. The AIR(R) Inhaled Insulin System utilizes
   relatively large, low-density particles, allowing efficient drug
   delivery to the deep lung from a simple inhaler. In clinical studies it
   has provided similar postprandial glycemic control compared with
   subcutaneously injected, short-acting insulin, and was preferred by more
   patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the AIR Inhaled
   Insulin System, provide an overview of other insulin-delivery systems
   and discuss future strategies for the treatment of diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1586/17434440.4.5.683}},
ISSN = {{1743-4440}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000249914800017}},
}

@article{ ISI:000248936700003,
Author = {Lee, Ting-I and Yeh, Yu-Ting and Liu, Chien-Tsai and Chen, Ping-Ling},
Title = {{Development and evaluation of a patient-oriented education system for
   diabetes management}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{76}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{655-663}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Purpose: To develop and evaluate a Web-based, p atient- orientated
   diabetic education management (POEM) system.
   Methods: The POEM system has been developed to extend hospital patient
   education by integrating patients' medical care data into their
   education program components and presenting them on the Web. Since most
   patients are concerned about their medical care data, the POEM system
   can provide the incentives for patients to continuously and persistently
   log in and learn the required knowledge and skills, improving their
   clinical outcomes. A quasi- experimental method that uses control groups
   and pretests was used to evaluate the outcomes of the system
   intervention. We recruited patients with type-2 diabetes and
   alternatively assigned them to intervention and control groups. We
   compared laboratory test results including fasting blood glucose, HbAlc,
   total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and HDI. between the two groups
   from the first visit through each follow-up visit. The study period
   progressed from September 2003 to May 2004 at the Metabolism Center of a
   medical teaching hospital in Taipei.
   Results: In this study, we recruited 274 participants: 134 (S7\% males
   and 43\% females) in the intervention group and 140 (46\% males and 54\%
   females) in the control group. The patients' laboratory test results
   from the first visit for fasting blood glucose, HbAlc, total cholesterol
   level, TG, and HDL in the intervention and control groups were
   respec.tively 187.54 +/- 77.10 and 189.99 +/- 73.49 mg/dl, 9.03 +/-
   2.79\% and 8.9 +/- 2.23\%, 193.29 +/- 47.93 and 202.52 +/- 58.45mg/dl,
   152.48 +/- 70.85 and 157.37 +/- 74.88mg/dI, and 44.97 +/- 12.09 and
   45.32 +/- 12.08 mg/dI. There were three follow-up visits during the
   study period. We collected laboratory test results of the two groups
   through each of the following visits and analyzed them using ANCOVA. We
   discovered a significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels
   between intervention and control group as early as the first follow-up.
   At the second follow-up, both fasting blood glucose and HBAlc levels
   were significantly different between intervention and control group. At
   the third follow-up, there was a significant difference in fasting blood
   glucose, HBA1c, and total cholesterol between intervention and control
   group. We also monitored the number of logins for the patients in the
   intervention group during the follow-up period. The result showed the
   patients had consistently logged into the POEM system (about 8.5 +/- 3.7
   logins per person per month after 3 months enrollment). Thus, the
   patients in the intervention group had better control of their fasting
   blood glucose, HbAlc and total cholesterol levels than those in the
   control group due to the assistance of the system.
   Conclusions: The POEM system can help patients control their glucose,
   HbAlc and total cholesterol levels to manage their diabetes, providing
   an easy and inexpensive way to extend hospital-based patient education
   services for community-based continuous patient education.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.05.030}},
ISSN = {{1386-5056}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000248936700003}},
}

@article{ ISI:000248446700043,
Author = {Hakonarson, Hakon and Grant, Struan F. A. and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and
   Marchand, Luc and Kim, Cecilia E. and Glessner, Joseph T. and Grabs,
   Rosemarie and Casalunovo, Tracy and Taback, Shayne P. and Frackelton,
   Edward C. and Lawson, Margaret L. and Robinson, Luke J. and Skraban,
   Robert and Lu, Yang and Chiavacci, Rosetta M. and Stanley, Charles A.
   and Kirsch, Susan E. and Rappaport, Eric F. and Orange, Jordan S. and
   Monos, Dimitri S. and Devoto, Marcella and Qu, Hui-Qi and Polychronakos,
   Constantin},
Title = {{A genome-wide association study identifies KIAA0350 as a type 1 diabetes
   gene}},
Journal = {{NATURE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{448}},
Number = {{7153}},
Pages = {{591-U7}},
Month = {{AUG 2}},
Abstract = {{Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children results from autoimmune destruction of
   pancreatic beta cells, leading to insufficient production of insulin(1).
   A number of genetic determinants of T1D have already been established
   through candidate gene studies, primarily within the major
   histocompatibility complex(2-4) but also within other loci(5-12). To
   identify new genetic factors that increase the risk of T1D, we performed
   a genome-wide association study in a large paediatric cohort of European
   descent. In addition to confirming previously identified loci(2-9), we
   found that T1D was significantly associated with variation within a
   233-kb linkage disequilibrium block on chromosome 16p13. This region
   contains KIAA0350, the gene product of which is predicted to be a
   sugar-binding, C-type lectin. Three common non-coding variants of the
   gene (rs2903692, rs725613 and rs17673553) in strong linkage
   disequilibrium reached genome-wide significance for association with
   T1D. A subsequent transmission disequilibrium test replication study in
   an independent cohort confirmed the association. These results indicate
   that KIAA0350 might be involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and
   demonstrate the utility of the genome-wide association approach in the
   identification of previously unsuspected genetic determinants of complex
   traits.}},
DOI = {{10.1038/nature06010}},
ISSN = {{0028-0836}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Polychronakos, Constantin/B-8151-2008
   Qu, Hui-Qi/B-4719-2009
   Orange, Jordan/D-5239-2009
   Lawson, Margaret/M-6969-2015}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Qu, Hui-Qi/0000-0001-9317-4488
   orange, jordan/0000-0001-7117-7725
   Polychronakos, Constantin/0000-0002-7624-6635
   STANLEY, CHARLES/0000-0003-4881-9392
   Lawson, Margaret/0000-0002-2370-9552}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000248446700043}},
}

@article{ ISI:000246885600051,
Author = {Scott, Laura J. and Mohlke, Karen L. and Bonnycastle, Lori L. and
   Willer, Cristen J. and Li, Yun and Duren, William L. and Erdos, Michael
   R. and Stringham, Heather M. and Chines, Peter S. and Jackson, Anne U.
   and Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila and Ding, Chia-Jen and Swift, Amy J. and
   Narisu, Narisu and Hu, Tianle and Pruim, Randall and Xiao, Rui and Li,
   Xiao-Yi and Conneely, Karen N. and Riebow, Nancy L. and Sprau, Andrew G.
   and Tong, Maurine and White, Peggy P. and Hetrick, Kurt N. and Barnhart,
   Michael W. and Bark, Craig W. and Goldstein, Janet L. and Watkins, Lee
   and Xiang, Fang and Saramies, Jouko and Buchanan, Thomas A. and
   Watanabe, Richard M. and Valle, Timo T. and Kinnunen, Leena and
   Abecasis, Gonalo R. and Pugh, Elizabeth W. and Doheny, Kimberly F. and
   Bergman, Richard N. and Tuomilehto, Jaakko and Collins, Francis S. and
   Boehnke, Michael},
Title = {{A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects
   multiple susceptibility variants}},
Journal = {{SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{316}},
Number = {{5829}},
Pages = {{1341-1345}},
Month = {{JUN 1}},
Abstract = {{Identifying the genetic variants that increase the risk of type 2
   diabetes (T2D) in humans has been a formidable challenge. Adopting a
   genome-wide association strategy, we genotyped 1161 Finnish T2D cases
   and 1174 Finnish normal glucose tolerant (NGT) controls with >315,000
   single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed genotypes for an
   additional >2 million autosomal SNPs. We carried out association
   analysis with these SNPs to identify genetic variants that predispose to
   T2D, compared our T2D association results with the results of two
   similar studies, and genotyped 80 SNPs in an additional 1215 Finnish T2D
   cases and 1258 Finnish NGT controls. We identify T2D-associated variants
   in an intergenic region of chromosome 11p12, contribute to the
   identification of T2D-associated variants near the genes IGF2BP2 and
   CDKAL1 and the region of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and confirm that variants
   near TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, FTO, PPARG, and KCNJ11 are associated with
   T2D risk. This brings the number of T2D loci now confidently identified
   to at least 10.}},
DOI = {{10.1126/science.1142382}},
ISSN = {{0036-8075}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abecasis, Goncalo/B-7840-2010
   Hu, Tianle/H-9105-2012
   kinnunen, leena/B-7059-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{kinnunen, leena/0000-0001-8739-4812
   Willer, Cristen/0000-0001-5645-4966
   Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila/0000-0002-9622-2091
   Abecasis, Goncalo/0000-0003-1509-1825}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246885600051}},
}

@article{ ISI:000246166500004,
Author = {Fernandez, Margarita and Villasana, Minaya and Streja, Dan},
Title = {{Glucose dynamics in Type I diabetes: Insights from the classic and
   linear minimal models}},
Journal = {{COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{37}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{611-627}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{This study demonstrates that the classic minimal model (MM) and the
   linear minimal model (LMM) are able to follow the dynamics of glucose in
   Type I diabetes. LMM precision is better than the MM with systematic
   lower mean values for the coefficient of variation (CV) in all
   characteristic model parameters. LMM S-I(L) = 7.40 is not significantly
   different from MM S-I = 10.71 (units 1/min per mu U/ml, alpha = 0.001)
   with a strong correlation (R-S = 0.83, alpha = 0.01). LMM S-G(L) =
   0.0407 appears to be significantly different to S-G = 0.0266 (units
   1/min, alpha = 0.001) but correlates very well (R-S = 0.91, alpha =
   0.01). Since residuals appear to be heteroscedastic, further work is
   required to address the effect of modeling and signal processing on
   them. For the data under study, the models are not able to fit
   two-thirds of the data windows available. This is because none of the
   models are able to follow complex situations such as the presence of
   several bolus injections, the absence of insulin supply or inappropriate
   insulin dosage. A synthesis of the patterns found in these windows is
   presented which would be useful for the development of new models for
   fitting these data. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.compbiomed.2006.05.008}},
ISSN = {{0010-4825}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246166500004}},
}

@article{ ISI:000244341200041,
Author = {Sladek, Robert and Rocheleau, Ghislain and Rung, Johan and Dina,
   Christian and Shen, Lishuang and Serre, David and Boutin, Philippe and
   Vincent, Daniel and Belisle, Alexandre and Hadjadj, Samy and Balkau,
   Beverley and Heude, Barbara and Charpentier, Guillaume and Hudson,
   Thomas J. and Montpetit, Alexandre and Pshezhetsky, Alexey V. and
   Prentki, Marc and Posner, Barry I. and Balding, David J. and Meyre,
   David and Polychronakos, Constantin and Froguel, Philippe},
Title = {{A genome-wide association study identifies novel risk loci for type 2
   diabetes}},
Journal = {{NATURE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{445}},
Number = {{7130}},
Pages = {{881-885}},
Month = {{FEB 22}},
Abstract = {{Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from the interaction of environmental
   factors with a combination of genetic variants, most of which were
   hitherto unknown. A systematic search for these variants was recently
   made possible by the development of high-density arrays that permit the
   genotyping of hundreds of thousands of polymorphisms. We tested 392,935
   single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a French case - control cohort.
   Markers with the most significant difference in genotype frequencies
   between cases of type 2 diabetes and controls were fast-tracked for
   testing in a second cohort. This identified four loci containing
   variants that confer type 2 diabetes risk, in addition to confirming the
   known association with the TCF7L2 gene. These loci include a
   non-synonymous polymorphism in the zinc transporter SLC30A8, which is
   expressed exclusively in insulin-producing beta-cells, and two linkage
   disequilibrium blocks that contain genes potentially involved in
   beta-cell development or function (IDE - KIF11 - HHEX and EXT2 - ALX4).
   These associations explain a substantial portion of disease risk and
   constitute proof of principle for the genome-wide approach to the
   elucidation of complex genetic traits.}},
DOI = {{10.1038/nature05616}},
ISSN = {{0028-0836}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Posner, Barry/B-6733-2008
   Polychronakos, Constantin/B-8151-2008
   Meyre, David/D-7315-2011
   Balding, David/G-9898-2011
   Shen, Lishuang/B-3040-2013
   Dina, Christian/D-3535-2015
   Heude, Barbara/G-3095-2016
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Balding, David/0000-0002-1480-6115
   Dina, Christian/0000-0002-7722-7348
   A, Pshezhetsky/0000-0002-6612-1062
   Sladek, Robert/0000-0002-2730-1204
   Hudson, Thomas/0000-0002-1376-4849
   Polychronakos, Constantin/0000-0002-7624-6635}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244341200041}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000253467001128,
Author = {Calm, R. and Garcia-Jaramillo, M. and Vehi, J. and Bondia, J. and Tarin,
   C. and Garcia-Gabin, W.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Prediction of glucose excursions under uncertain parameters and food
   intake in intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus}},
Booktitle = {{2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE
   AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16}},
Series = {{PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING
   IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2007}},
Pages = {{1770-1773}},
Note = {{29th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, Lyon, FRANCE, AUG
   22-26, 2007}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc}},
Abstract = {{Considering the difficulty in the insulin dosage selection and the
   problem of hyper- and hypoglycaemia episodes in type 1 diabetes,
   dosage-aid systems appear as tremendously helpful for these patients. A
   model-based approach to this problem must unavoidably consider
   uncertainty sources such as the large intra-patient variability and food
   intake. This work addresses the prediction of glycaemia for a given
   insulin therapy face to parametric and input uncertainty, by means of
   modal interval analysis. As result, a band containing all possible
   glucose excursions suffered by the patient for the given uncertainty is
   obtained. From it, a safer prediction of possible hyper- and
   hypoglycaemia episodes can be calculated.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4352654}},
ISSN = {{1094-687X}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-0787-3}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vehi, Josep/D-6602-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Vehi, Josep/0000-0001-6884-9789
   Calm, Remei/0000-0002-2756-9315}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253467001128}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000253467005016,
Author = {Zarkogianni, Konstantia and Mougiakakou, Stavroula G. and Prountzou,
   Aikaterini and Vazeou, Andriani and Bartsocas, Christos S. and Nikita,
   Konstantina S.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{An insulin infusion advisory system for type 1 diabetes patients based
   on non-linear model predictive control methods}},
Booktitle = {{2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE
   AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16}},
Series = {{PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING
   IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2007}},
Pages = {{5972-5975}},
Note = {{29th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, Lyon, FRANCE, AUG
   22-26, 2007}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc}},
Abstract = {{In this paper, an Insulin Infusion Advisory System (IIAS) for Type 1
   diabetes patients, which use insulin pumps for the Continuous
   Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) is presented. The purpose of the
   system is to estimate the appropriate insulin infusion rates. The system
   is based on a Non-Linear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) which uses a
   hybrid model. The model comprises a Compartmental Model (04), which
   simulates the absorption of the glucose to the blood due to meal
   intakes, and a Neural Network (NN), which simulates the glucose-insulin
   kinetics. The NN is a Recurrent NN (RNN) trained with the Real Time
   Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm. The output of the model consists of
   short term glucose predictions and provides input to the NMPC, in order
   for the latter to estimate the optimum insulin infusion rates. For the
   development and the evaluation of the HAS, data generated from a
   Mathematical Model (MM) of a Type 1 diabetes patient have been used. The
   proposed control strategy is evaluated at multiple meal disturbances,
   various noise levels and additional time delays. The results indicate
   that the implemented IIAS is capable of handling multiple meals, which
   correspond to realistic meal profiles, large noise levels and time
   delays.}},
ISSN = {{1094-687X}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-0787-3}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253467005016}},
}

@incollection{ ISI:000271195900002,
Author = {Sordo, Margarita and Hongsermeier, Tonya and Kashyap, Vipul and Greenes,
   Robert A.},
Editor = {{Yoshida, H and Jain, A and Ichalkaranje, A}},
Title = {{A State-Based Model for Management of Type II Diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PARADIGMS IN HEALTHCARE - 1}},
Series = {{Studies in Computational Intelligence}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{48}},
Pages = {{27-61}},
Abstract = {{The Decision Systems Group at the Brigham \& Women's Hospital, Boston,
   USA and the Clinical Knowledge Management Group at Partners HealthCare
   Systems, Inc. have developed a computational model that encompasses
   strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of type II
   diabetes and associated complications. This effort is part of an
   on-going, enterprise-wide strategy to improve the quality, safety, and
   efficiency of provided care, by maximizing the use of new clinical
   information technology in key issues such as complex clinical workflows,
   usability, controlled terminology, knowledge management, and clinical
   decision support carried out by Partners HealthCare System. The proposed
   model is a disease state management system for the continuum of diabetes
   care that synergistically integrates patient care and education
   protocols at all levels of disease management, and supports the
   integration of evidence-based personalized care. Our approach could be
   easily adapted to managing other chronic conditions e.g., hypertension,
   asthma, and coronary artery disease.}},
ISSN = {{1860-949X}},
ISBN = {{978-3-540-47523-1}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000271195900002}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000248944300039,
Author = {Haase, Claus and Markholst, Helle},
Editor = {{Shoenfeld, Y and Gershwin, ME}},
Title = {{CD40 is required for development of islet inflammation in the RIP-CD154
   transgenic mouse model of type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{AUTOIMMUNITY, PT C: THE MOSAIC OF AUTOIMMUNITY}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{1107}},
Pages = {{373-379}},
Note = {{5th International Congress on Autoimmunity, Sorrento, ITALY, NOV 29-DEC
   03, 2006}},
Abstract = {{Type 1 diabetes is believed to be an autoimmune disease where cells of
   the immune system destroy the insulin-producing 0 cells in the islets of
   Langerhans, The trigger(s) of the inflammatory reaction is yet unknown,
   but both genetic and environmental factors, including viruses or other
   pathogens, are thought to play a role. We have recently described a
   transgenic mouse model-the RIP-CD154 mouse-in which P-cell-specific
   expression of CD154 (CD40 ligand) mediates immune activation, insulitis,
   and diabetes on a non-diabetes-prone background. By the use of bone
   marrow chimeric mice, we now demonstrate that a functional Cd40 gene is
   necessary for islet inflammation and we show that CD40 expression on
   bone marrow-derived cells is sufficient to trigger activation of the
   immune system and development of insulitis.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1381.039}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-662-0}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000248944300039}},
}

@article{ ISI:000245667000006,
Author = {Carroll, Aaron E. and Downs, Stephen M. and Marrero, David G.},
Title = {{What adolescents with type I diabetes and their parents want from
   testing technology - A qualitative study}},
Journal = {{CIN-COMPUTERS INFORMATICS NURSING}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{25}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{23-29}},
Month = {{JAN-FEB}},
Abstract = {{The presence of diabetes in an adolescent can significantly affect
   his/her normal development Mobile technology may offer the ability to
   lessen this negative impact. We wished to learn from adolescents with
   diabetes and their parents how monitoring systems that incorporated
   mobile communication technology could potentially help to reduce hassles
   associated with testing, improve compliance, and ease adolescent-parent
   conflict about testing behavior. We recruited adolescents between the
   ages of 13 and 18 years, living with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their
   parents for focus groups. Qualitative analysis of the focus group data
   followed a set procedure. From the discussions, the following themes
   were identified: issues with blood glucose monitoring and desired
   technology. Elements of desired technology included hardware
   requirements, software requirements, communication, and miscellaneous
   requirements. The reported needs of this end user group can help others
   to leverage maximally the capabilities of new and existing technology to
   care for children managing chronic disease.}},
DOI = {{10.1097/00024665-200701000-00009}},
ISSN = {{1538-2931}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000245667000006}},
}

@article{ ISI:000243680700009,
Author = {Hsu, Chih-Chin and Tsai, Wen-Chung and Shau, Yio-Wha and Lee, Kay-Lun
   and Hu, Ching-Fang},
Title = {{Altered energy dissipation ratio of the plantar soft tissues under the
   metatarsal heads in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot
   study}},
Journal = {{CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{67-73}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{Background. Foot ulceration occurs frequently on the plantar aspect of
   the metatarsal head region, in which the altered foot biomechanics has
   been mentioned as a contributor. This study attempted to compare the
   energy dissipation in the plantar soft tissue under the metatarsal head
   between type 2 diabetic patients and age-matched healthy subjects in
   vivo.
   Methods. The plantar soft tissues under the metatarsal heads in each
   left foot of 13 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and eight
   age-matched healthy subjects were measured with a loading-unloading
   device. The system comprised a 5-12 MHz linear-array ultrasound
   transducer and a load cell that operated at an impact velocity of about
   5 cm/s. The stress-strain plot was derived by simultaneously recording
   the stress response and tissue deformation during a loading-unloading
   cycle. The energy dissipation ratio in all subjects could then be
   analyzed.
   Findings. Although only the plantar soft tissue under the fourth
   metatarsal head in the diabetic patients endured significantly greater
   energy (P = 0.035) than the healthy subjects, a trend of an increased
   energy dissipation ratio for the metatarsals in the diabetic patients
   was observed.
   Interpretation. The plantar soft tissue under the metatarsal head in the
   diabetic patients endures high dissipated energy during a simulating
   walking status in the study. The increased dissipated energy in the
   tissue may be responsible for the tissue breakdown in the diabetic
   patients. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.06.009}},
ISSN = {{0268-0033}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243680700009}},
}

@article{ ISI:000252634200016,
Author = {Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora and Boyadjieva, Nadka},
Title = {{Experimental study on the effect of two (low and high glycemic index)
   diets on the epididymal fat pad in obese rats}},
Journal = {{COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE BULGARE DES SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{60}},
Number = {{12}},
Pages = {{1343-1346}},
Abstract = {{Clinical studies suggest a role for dietary glycemic index (GI) in body
   weight regulation and diabetes risk. However, partly because
   manipulation of GI can produce changes in different biochemical
   parameters and on appetite regulation, its relevance to human health
   remains controversial. Studies on the effect of low vs. high glycemic
   index foods on the different metabolism parameters in rats are still not
   enough.
   Therefore, in the present study we examined the role of glycemic index
   and its effect on cholesterol levels in blood and the change in
   epididymal fat mass in obese rats. We demonstrate that rats on a high
   glycemic index (HGI) diet have higher plasma cholesterol levels compared
   with the control group. Moreover, the group on HGI food shows a
   significant increase in the epididymal fat pad.}},
ISSN = {{1310-1331}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000252634200016}},
}

@incollection{ ISI:000269523100073,
Author = {Verhoosel, Jack and Stap, Roel},
Editor = {{Cunningham, P and Cunningham, M}},
Title = {{Health Care Information Modelling with Archetypes in a Diabetes
   Integrated Care Protocol}},
Booktitle = {{EXPANDING THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: ISSUES, APPLICATIONS, CASE STUDIES, PTS
   1 AND 2}},
Series = {{Information and Communication Technologies and the Knowledge Economy}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{4}},
Number = {{1-2}},
Pages = {{607-614}},
Abstract = {{This paper describes the lessons learned front an archetype
   specification process for the development of a common information model
   for a Dutch diabetes integrated care protocol. Due to the two-level
   modelling approach that separates clinical knowledge from information in
   software systems, archetypes promise to be very well suited for the
   common definition of health-care information models. Our main
   observation during our specification process was that archetypes indeed
   fulfil this promise. However, the different steps to be taken must be
   supported by a more structured method. That method should include
   support for proper selection between types of archetypes, such as
   observation versus evaluation. In addition, the method adopted should
   support a proper domain and system analysis to derive archetypes from
   the knowledge base instead of graphical user interfaces. Current and
   future research work focuses on this method.}},
ISSN = {{1574-1230}},
ISBN = {{978-1-58603-801-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000269523100073}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000246646400006,
Author = {Gadkar, Kapil G. and Shoda, Lisl K. M. and Kreuwel, Huub T. C. and
   Ramanujan, Saroja and Zheng, Yanan and Whiting, Chan C. and Young,
   Daniel L.},
Editor = {{VonHerrath, M and Atkinson, M}},
Title = {{Dosing and timing effects of anti-CD40L therapy - Predictions from a
   mathematical model of type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{HOW DO WE BEST EMPLOY ANIMAL MODELS FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES AND MULTIPLE
   SCLEROSIS?}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{1103}},
Pages = {{63-68}},
Note = {{Conference on How Do We Best Employ Animal Models for Type 1 Diabetes
   and Multiple Sclerosis, San Francisco, CA, NOV 08-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{Amer Autoimmune Dis Assoc; Autoimmune Dis Res Fdn; Becton Dickinson;
   Diamyd; Genetech; Juvenile Diabet Res Fdn; Natl Multiple Sclerosis Soc;
   Thomas Lincoln Casey Fund; Natl Inst Diabet \& Digest \& Kidney Dis;
   NIAID; NINDS}},
Abstract = {{Several publications describing the use of anti-CD40L monoclonal
   antibodies (anti-CD40L) for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in
   non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice have reported different treatment
   responses to similar protocols. The Entelos (R) Type 1 Diabetes
   PhysioLab (R) platform, a dynamic large-scale mathematical model of the
   pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, was used to study the effects of
   anti-CD40L therapy in silico. An examination of the impact of
   pharmacokinetic variability and the heterogeneity of disease progression
   rate on therapeutic outcome provided insights that could reconcile the
   apparently conflicting data. Optimal treatment protocols were identified
   by exploring the dynamics of key pathophysiological pathways.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1394.013}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-678-1}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246646400006}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000246646400016,
Author = {Tracy, Steven and Drescher, Kristen M.},
Editor = {{VonHerrath, M and Atkinson, M}},
Title = {{Coxsackievirus infections and NOD mice relevant models of protection
   from, and induction of, type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{HOW DO WE BEST EMPLOY ANIMAL MODELS FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES AND MULTIPLE
   SCLEROSIS?}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{1103}},
Pages = {{143-151}},
Note = {{Conference on How Do We Best Employ Animal Models for Type 1 Diabetes
   and Multiple Sclerosis, San Francisco, CA, NOV 08-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{Amer Autoimmune Dis Assoc; Autoimmune Dis Res Fdn; Becton Dickinson;
   Diamyd; Genetech; Juvenile Diabet Res Fdn; Natl Multiple Sclerosis Soc;
   Thomas Lincoln Casey Fund; Natl Inst Diabet \& Digest \& Kidney Dis;
   NIAID; NINDS}},
Abstract = {{Human enteroviruses (HEVs) like the group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are
   prime candidates for infectious, environmental causes of human type 1
   diabetes (T1D). Non-obese diabetic (NOD) female mice are well protected
   from T1D onset if inoculated with CVB when young. Older, prediabetic NOD
   mice can rapidly develop T1D following inoculation with CVB, mimicking
   clinical reports of disease-associated T1D onset. The ability to induce
   rapid T1D in NOD mice is linked to the rate of replication of the CVB
   strain in P cell cultures and pancreatic tissue, indicating that any CVB
   strain is potentially diabetogenic under the correct conditions. Rapid
   T1D onset is preceded by CVB replication in islet cells including beta
   cells. Although CVB strains do not productively infect healthy islets of
   young mice, CVBs can replicate in healthy islets in the presence of
   murine IL-4. These models expand much of what is known or suspected
   regarding the etiologic role of HEVs in human T1D.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1394.009}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-678-1}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246646400016}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000246646400023,
Author = {Shen, Xia and Bornfeldt, Karin E.},
Editor = {{VonHerrath, M and Atkinson, M}},
Title = {{Mouse models for studies of cardiovascular complications of type 1
   diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{HOW DO WE BEST EMPLOY ANIMAL MODELS FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES AND MULTIPLE
   SCLEROSIS?}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{1103}},
Pages = {{202-217}},
Note = {{Conference on How Do We Best Employ Animal Models for Type 1 Diabetes
   and Multiple Sclerosis, San Francisco, CA, NOV 08-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{Amer Autoimmune Dis Assoc; Autoimmune Dis Res Fdn; Becton Dickinson;
   Diamyd; Genetech; Juvenile Diabet Res Fdn; Natl Multiple Sclerosis Soc;
   Thomas Lincoln Casey Fund; Natl Inst Diabet \& Digest \& Kidney Dis;
   NIAID; NINDS}},
Abstract = {{Mouse models represent a powerful tool for investigating the underlying
   mechanisms of disease. Type 1 diabetes results in a markedly increased
   risk of cardiovascular disease. The cardiovascular complications are
   manifested primarily as ischemic heart disease caused by accelerated
   atherosclerosis, but also as cardiomyopathy, defined as ventricular
   dysfunction in the absence of clear ischemic heart disease. Several
   mouse models are now available to study atherosclerosis and
   cardiomyopathy associated with type 1 diabetes. For studies of
   diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, these models include low-density
   lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
   in which diabetes is induced by streptozotocin or viral infection. In
   these mouse models, type I diabetes can be induced without marked
   changes in plasma lipid levels, thereby mimicking the accelerated
   atherosclerosis seen in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, mouse
   models that exhibit thrombotic events and myocardial infarctions as a
   result of diabetes still need to be developed. Conversely,
   cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes has now been extensively
   evaluated in streptozotocin-treated C57BL/6 mice, and in transgenic mice
   expressing calmodulin under a beta-cell-specific promoter. These mouse
   models have given significant insight into the molecular mechanisms
   causing cardiomyopathy, and indicate that increased oxidative stress
   contributes to diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy. In this review, we
   will discuss the available mouse models for studies of cardiovascular
   complications of type 1 diabetes, the potential mechanisms underlying
   these complications, and the need for new and improved mouse models.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1394.004}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-678-1}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246646400023}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000250338500097,
Author = {Koleszynska, Joanna},
Editor = {{Apolloni, B and Howlett, RJ and Jain, L}},
Title = {{GIGISim - The intelligent telehealth system: Computer aided diabetes
   management - A new review}},
Booktitle = {{Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: KES
   2007 - WIRN 2007, Pt I, Proceedings}},
Series = {{LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{4692}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{789-796}},
Note = {{11th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent
   Informational and Engineering Systems/17th Italian Workshop on Neural
   Networks, Vietri sul Mare, ITALY, SEP 12-14, 2007}},
Organization = {{Univ Degli Studi, Milano; Second Univ Naples; Comune Vietri Mare; Comune
   Salerno; Reg Campania; Minist Riforme Innovaz nella P A; Ctr Reg
   Informat Commun Technol}},
Abstract = {{The projected epidemic of diabetes will emerge as a major threat to the
   public health. This paper concludes a review of the contribution of the
   IT to the diabetes management. As the design and development of a
   computer-aided system for the education of diabetes, have been described
   previously in various papers, this one presents the analysis of
   clinicians and diabetes requirements. Software implementation of newly
   proposed innovations is presented together with effectiveness and
   suitability rate of systems, prior to the identified requirements. The
   second aim of this paper was to present a complex web system: the
   GIGISim developed to facilitate the management of Diabetes mellitus
   through the co-ordination of multiple healthcare tools available
   directly in Internet.}},
ISSN = {{0302-9743}},
ISBN = {{978-3-540-74817-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250338500097}},
}

@article{ ISI:000250337000009,
Author = {Kildegaard, J. and Randlov, J. and Poulsen, J. U. and Hejlesen, O.},
Title = {{A study of trained clinicians' blood glucose predictions based on
   diaries of people with type 1 diabetes}},
Journal = {{METHODS OF INFORMATION IN MEDICINE}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{46}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{553-557}},
Abstract = {{Objectives. How accurate can trained clinicians predict blood glucose
   concentrations? Good clinical treatment is, among other things, related
   to understanding the factors influencing blood glucose level. We analyze
   trained clinician's prediction accuracy in comparison with selected
   computer-implemented prediction algorithms and models.
   Methods: We have in this study included diaries of 12 people with type 1
   diabetes. This test group consists of seven males and five females, ages
   24 to 60, HbA(1c) 6.0 to 8.9 and a BMI between 20 and 28 kg/m(2). Eight
   experienced clinicians tried to predict the blood glucose measurements
   based on minimum three days of diary history. Selected prediction
   algorithms and models were used for comparison. The reason we focus on
   type I diabetes is that it has the most critical insulin requirement, so
   accurate prediction can be more critical than for type 2.
   Results: An accuracy of 28.5\% and an error of 26.7\% were found from
   predictions made by the clinicians. A physiological model and an
   artificial intelligence model showed higher accuracy of 32.2\% and
   34.2\% in comparison with the clinicians (p < 0.05). A simple predictor
   algorithm based on the mean blood glucose history showed significant (p
   < 0.05) lower total root mean square error compared to predictions made
   by the clinicians.
   Conclusion: To predict blood glucose level from diaries has shown to be
   profoundly difficult even for experienced clinicians in comparison with
   predictions from computer algorithms and models. This suggests that
   computer-based systems incorporating predicting algorithms and models
   are likely to contribute positively to the day-to-day treatment of
   people with diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1160/ME041}},
ISSN = {{0026-1270}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250337000009}},
}

@article{ ISI:000244181600041,
Author = {Lieb, Wolfgang and Voss, Christian and Ortak, Jasmin and Barantke,
   Melanie and Hengstenberg, Christian and Loewel, Hannelore and Holmer,
   Stephan and Erdmann, Jeanette and Schunkert, Heribert and Bonnemeier,
   Hendrik},
Title = {{Impact of diabetes on QT dynamicity in patients with and without
   myocardial infarction: The KORA Family Heart Study}},
Journal = {{PACE-PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{30}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{S183-S187}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Note = {{15th World Congress in Cardiac Electrophysiology (CARDIOSTIM 2006),
   Nice, FRANCE, JUN 14-17, 2006}},
Abstract = {{Introduction: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an unfavorable
   prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI), partially due to a higher
   risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). QT dynamicity is an independent
   predictor of SCD in post-MI patients. However, the effects of diabetes
   on QT dynamicity in patients with MI have not been described.
   Methods: We studied 468 survivors of MI (67 with DM) from the
   population-based MONICA registry (KORA Family Heart Study), Augsburg,
   Germany, by standardized questionnaire, anthropometry, electrocardiogram
   (ECG), 30-minute-Holter-ECG-recordings and echocardiography. In
   addition, 422 siblings without prior MI (22 with DM) were studied by the
   same protocol.
   Results: Among post-MI patients, the QT/RR slope was significantly
   steeper in diabetics than in nondiabetics (0.096 +/- 0.057 vs 0.077 +/-
   0.045; P = 0.002). Likewise, among siblings without MI, the QT/RR slope
   was steeper in diabetics than in nondiabetics (0.104 +/- 0.053 vs 0.080
   +/- 0.042; P = 0.008). The association of DM with steeper QT/RR slope
   remained significant in multivariate models in post-MI patients (beta:
   -0.14; P = 0.004) as well as in individuals without MI (beta -0.10; P =
   0.047).
   Conclusions: In a large population of survivors of MI and unaffected
   siblings, patients and siblings presenting with DM exhibited an abnormal
   QT rate-dependence, compared with individuals without DM in both groups.
   Thus, diabetes itself maybe a major determinant of ventricular
   arrhythmias, independently of a previous MI. These observations might in
   part explain the higher incidence of sudden cardiac death and
   ventricular arrhythmias in patients with DM.}},
ISSN = {{0147-8389}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lieb, Wolfgang/C-1990-2012
   Erdmann, Jeanette/A-4417-2009}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244181600041}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000252105700058,
Author = {Alexandra, Oliveros V. and Vehi, Josep and Gutierrez, Alfredo and
   Garcia-Gabin, Winston},
Book-Group-Author = {{ASME}},
Title = {{Closed loop glycemic control in critically ill patients: Feasibillity
   study and experimental design}},
Booktitle = {{PROCEEDING OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2007}},
Year = {{2007}},
Pages = {{115-116}},
Note = {{ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, Keystone, CO, JUN 24-28, 2007}},
Organization = {{ASME, Bioengn Div}},
ISBN = {{978-0-7918-4798-5}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vehi, Josep/D-6602-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Vehi, Josep/0000-0001-6884-9789}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000252105700058}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000252223600121,
Author = {Li, Jiansheng and Shen, Jianjing and Yue, Caiqing and Hu, Jinliang},
Editor = {{Mourelle, LD and Nedjah, N and Kacprzyk, J and Abraham, A}},
Title = {{Standard model establishment of TCM syndrome differentiation of Type 2
   diabetes based on data-mining}},
Booktitle = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
   DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS}},
Year = {{2007}},
Pages = {{747-751}},
Note = {{7th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and
   Applications (ISDA 2007), Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
   BRAZIL, OCT 22-24, 2007}},
Organization = {{FAPERJ; Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc; Brazilian Comp Soc; Brazilian Soc Automat;
   IEEE Syst Man \& Cybernet Soc; European Neural Network Soc; European Soc
   Fuzzy Log \& Technol; World Federat Soft Comp}},
Abstract = {{This paper explores a method for establishing diagnostic criterion of
   TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) syndrome differentiation by; studying
   the set-up of diagnostic standard model of syndrome differentiation of
   Type 2 diabetes. We present, based on dynamic Kohonen network, the
   artificial neural net (ANN), fuzzy system (FS) that were used to build
   up adaptive fuzzy inference system model. The system was tested for its
   reliability via fisher-iris determination. Then with the help of this
   model the clinical data was studied, simultaneously, according to TCM
   basic theories. We obtained the diagnostic, criterion of commonly-seen
   syndrome of Type 2 diabetes, whose rationality was verified by data
   check-up.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/ISDA.2007.36}},
ISBN = {{978-0-7695-2976-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000252223600121}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000260855900114,
Author = {Wang, H. C. and Yang, P. C. and Hu, L. C.},
Editor = {{Kim, SI and Suh, TS}},
Title = {{Learner Behavior Prediction for Diabetes Health Education Based on
   Sequence Learning Algorithm}},
Booktitle = {{WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICAL PHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2006, VOL
   14, PTS 1-6}},
Series = {{IFMBE Proceedings}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{1-6}},
Pages = {{464-465}},
Note = {{World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul,
   SOUTH KOREA, AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006}},
Organization = {{IUPSEM; IFMBE; IOMP; KSMP; KSMBE; AAPM; AFOMP; BMES; EFOMP; IAEA; AIMBE;
   IEEE EMB; WHO; SIEMENS; TomoTherapy; Philips; iba; Varian; CIVCO;
   elekta; Samsung}},
Abstract = {{Patients suffer from chronic disease have cost considerable social and
   medical expanse, it is necessary to provide them with health education
   both on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Nowadays,
   digital learning platform is an excellent channel for convey multimedia
   enriched content to the people. This research builds a web-based
   diabetes health education platform and conduct further study on the
   learner behaviors in this platform. The proposed digital learning
   platform can log, analyze, predicate, and retrieve the learner behavior.
   The learner behavior sequence is logged and then analyzed using a
   sequence learning algorithm. When a new learner enter the platform, it
   is possible to predict the intention of the learner and thus provide the
   interested content to him immediately. The proposed architecture had
   been tested on the diabetes health education for 150 people. The
   experimental result showed that users were satisfied with the platform
   and the learning effect improved significantly. With the encouraging
   results, it will be feasible to apply proposed methodology to other
   learning courses for a better achievement of popular health.}},
ISSN = {{1680-0737}},
ISBN = {{978-3-540-36839-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000260855900114}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000260855901504,
Author = {Kim, KwanYoo and Kim, KyeHyun and Han, SeHyun and Lee, SangKyung and
   Kim, JinTae and Ahn, HyunSoon},
Editor = {{Kim, SI and Suh, TS}},
Title = {{MDoctor for DM: Development of Ubiquitous Healthcare System for Diabetes
   Self-Management}},
Booktitle = {{WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICAL PHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2006, VOL
   14, PTS 1-6}},
Series = {{IFMBE Proceedings}},
Year = {{2007}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{1-6}},
Pages = {{4035-4038}},
Note = {{World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul,
   SOUTH KOREA, AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006}},
Organization = {{IUPSEM; IFMBE; IOMP; KSMP; KSMBE; AAPM; AFOMP; BMES; EFOMP; IAEA; AIMBE;
   IEEE EMB; WHO; SIEMENS; TomoTherapy; Philips; iba; Varian; CIVCO;
   Elekta; Samsung}},
Abstract = {{In recent years, the medical cost of managing individuals with diabetes
   has been increased, and it has become one of the socio-national issues.
   Diabetes self-management includes blood glucose monitoring, physical
   activity management, nutritional management, and medications for his
   whole lifetime. And also it needs continuous communication between
   patient and his doctor for usual life style as well clinical treatment;
   it's the key to successful self-management of diabetes. We have
   developed a ubiquitous healthcare system for diabetes self-management,
   so called ``MDoctor for DM{''} in anytime and anywhere manner. This
   system is effective for managing blood glucose, nutrition, physical
   activity, and medication using a cellular phone. Blood glucose and
   physical activity can be monitored by a small device attachable to a
   cellular phone. The measured data is stored in the cellular phone and
   transferred to a remote health-log server via wireless internet, finally
   reviewed by the primary physician of the patient. ``MDoctor for DM{''}
   consists of three subsystem; MDoctor mobile system, MyHealth system, and
   U-Clinic system. MDoctor mobile system is a mobile device for monitoring
   bio-signals including blood glucose and physical activity; MyHealth
   system is a web-based system to store and transfer the monitored data
   via internet; U-Clinic System enables the primary physician to review
   the patient's health condition and to support the physician to guide his
   patient with knowledge-based clinical support system. Physician using
   the U-Clinic System can provide the self-management supporting service
   to the patients apart, and the integrated diabetic care based on both
   in-house clinical data and self-monitored data from the outpatients.
   ``MDoctor for DM{''} is designed to do self-management of blood glucose,
   physical activity, nutrition, and medication using a cell phone, and
   this study evaluates this system is efficient to both patients and
   physicians.}},
ISSN = {{1680-0737}},
ISBN = {{978-3-540-36839-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000260855901504}},
}

@article{ ISI:000243192000001,
Author = {Mo, Frank and Morrison, Howard and Choi, Bernard C. K. and Vardy, Lianne},
Title = {{Evaluation and measurement of health-related quality of life for
   individuals with diabetes mellitus by health utilities index mark 3
   (HUI3) system}},
Journal = {{THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{6}},
Pages = {{1412-1423}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{The Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) is an important indicator when
   measuring the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and assessing the
   burden of disease, especially for chronic conditions such as diabetes
   mellitus (DM). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the scores
   of HRQOL for respondents with DM to examine associations between overall
   HUI3 scores and eight component attributes, and various sociodemographic
   and lifestyle attributes, and by doing so, provide information to
   improve the HRQOL of individuals with diabetes. The study was based on
   the Canadian National Population Survey (NPHS) longitudinal data, from
   1994-1995 to 2002-2003. We evaluated overall HUI3 scores and eight
   attributes (vision, hearing, speech, ambulation, dexterity, emotion,
   cognition, and pain) between respondents with and without diabetes in
   relation to demographic characteristics (age, sex, lifestyle, and
   socioeconomic status using ANCOVA{[}analysis of covariance]). Awareness
   of diabetes appeared to affect the HRQOL of older age groups more so
   than younger age groups (p < 0.01). Diabetes also appeared to have a
   greater impact on males' quality of life compared to females', and among
   individuals with single marital status and low socioeconomic status (p <
   0.01). These findings add to what is known about cognitive
   representations and the self-regulation of diabetes as well as the
   relationships between cognitive representations of diabetes, HRQOL, and
   behavioral factors. In particular, results from this study suggest the
   need to address ways of reducing the burden of diabetes associated with
   health behaviours, and increasing the quality of life for the
   individuals with diabetes in Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1100/tsw.2006.253}},
ISSN = {{1537-744X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243192000001}},
}

@article{ ISI:000240082100006,
Author = {Wong, X. W. and Chase, J. G. and Shaw, G. M. and Hann, C. E. and Lotz,
   T. and Lin, J. and Singh-Levett, I. and Hollingsworth, L. J. and Wong,
   O. S. W. and Andreassen, S.},
Title = {{Model predictive glycaemic regulation in critical illness using insulin
   and nutrition input: A pilot study}},
Journal = {{MEDICAL ENGINEERING \& PHYSICS}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{28}},
Number = {{7}},
Pages = {{665-681}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Stress-induced hyperglycaemia is prevalent in intensive care, impairing
   the immune response. Nutritional support regimes with high glucose
   content further exacerbate the problem. Tight glucose control has been
   shown to reduce mortality by up to 43\% if levels are kept below 6.1
   mmol/L. This research develops a control algorithm with insulin and
   nutritional inputs for targeted glucose control in the critically ill.
   Ethics approval for this research was granted by the Canterbury Ethics
   Committee. Proof-of-concept clinical pilot trials were conducted on
   intubated, insulin-dependent Christchurch ICU patients (n=7) on constant
   nutritional support. A target 10-15\% reduction in glucose level per
   hour for a desired glucose level of 4-6 mmol/L was set. 43\% and 91 \%
   of glucose targets were achieved within +/- 5 and +/- 20\%,
   respectively. The mean error was 8.9\% (0.5 mmol/L), with an absolute
   range {[}0, 2.9] mmol/L. End glucose levels were 40\% lower compared to
   initial values. All large target errors are attributable to sudden
   changes in patient physiology at low glucose values, rather than
   systemic deficiencies. Target errors are consistent with and explainable
   by published sensor error distributions. The results show that intensive
   model-based glucose management with nutrition control reduced absolute
   glucose levels progressively while reducing the severity of glycaemic
   fluctuation even with significant inter-patient variability and
   time-varying physiological condition. Trials spanning longer periods of
   time are in development to verify the short-term pilot studies performed
   and to test the adaptability of the controller. Clinically, these
   results indicate potential in clinical use to reduce ICU mortality as
   well as reduce risk of severe complications. (c) 2005 IPEM. Published by
   Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.medengphy.2005.10.015}},
ISSN = {{1350-4533}},
EISSN = {{1873-4030}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chase, James/B-1584-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Chase, James/0000-0001-9989-4849}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000240082100006}},
}

@article{ ISI:000239998200051,
Author = {Oezcan, Umut and Yilmaz, Erkan and Oezcan, Lale and Furuhashi, Masato
   and Vaillancourt, Eric and Smith, Ross O. and Goerguen, Cem Z. and
   Hotamisligil, Goekhan S.},
Title = {{Chemical chaperones reduce ER stress and restore glucose homeostasis in
   a mouse model of type 2 diabetes}},
Journal = {{SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{313}},
Number = {{5790}},
Pages = {{1137-1140}},
Month = {{AUG 25}},
Abstract = {{Endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) stress is a key link between obesity,
   insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide evidence that
   this mechanistic link can be exploited for therapeutic purposes with
   orally active chemical chaperones. 4-Phenyl butyric acid and
   taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid alleviated ER stress in cells
   and whole animals. Treatment of obese and diabetic mice with these
   compounds resulted in normalization of hyperglycemia, restoration of
   systemic insulin sensitivity, resolution of fatty liver disease, and
   enhancement of insulin action in liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Our
   results demonstrate that chemical chaperones enhance the adaptive
   capacity of the ER and act as potent antidiabetic modalities with
   potential application in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1126/science.1128294}},
ISSN = {{0036-8075}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{YILMAZ, ERKAN/O-1592-2014}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{YILMAZ, ERKAN/0000-0001-7355-3878}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239998200051}},
}

@article{ ISI:000239263400003,
Author = {Dua, Pinky and Doyle, III, Francis J. and Pistikopoulos, Efstratios N.},
Title = {{Model-based blood glucose control for Type 1 diabetes via parametric
   programming}},
Journal = {{IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{53}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{1478-1491}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{An advanced model-based control technique for regulating the blood
   glucose for patients with Type 1 diabetes is presented. The optimal
   insulin delivery rate is obtained off-line as an explicit function of
   the current blood glucose concentration of the patient by using novel
   parametric programming algorithms, developed at Imperial College London.
   The implementation of the optimal insulin delivery rate, therefore,
   requires simple function evaluation and minimal on-line computations.
   The proposed framework also addresses the uncertainty in the model due
   to interpatient and intrapatient variability by identifying the model
   parameters which ensure that a feasible control law can be obtained. The
   developments reported in this paper are expected to simplify the insulin
   delivery mechanism, thereby enhancing the quality of life of the
   patient.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/TBME.2006.878075}},
ISSN = {{0018-9294}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239263400003}},
}

@article{ ISI:000237189500010,
Author = {Maree, AFM and Kublik, R and Finegood, DT and Edelstein-Keshet, L},
Title = {{Modelling the onset of Type 1 diabetes: can impaired macrophage
   phagocytosis make the difference between health and disease?}},
Journal = {{PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL
   AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{364}},
Number = {{1842}},
Pages = {{1267-1282}},
Month = {{MAY 15}},
Abstract = {{A wave of apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs normally in
   pancreatic beta-cclls of newborn mice. We previously showed that
   macrophages from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice become activated more
   slowly and engulf apoptotic cells at a lower rate than macrophages from
   control (Balb/c) mice. It has been hypothesized that this low clearance
   could result in secondary necrosis, escalating inflammation and
   self-antigen presentation that later triggers autoimmune, Type 1
   diabetes (TID). We here investigate whether this hypothesis could offer
   a reasonable and parsimonious explanation for onset of T1D in NOD mice.
   We quantify variants of the Copenhagen model (Freiesleben De Blasio et
   al. 1999 Diabetes 48, 1677), based on parameters from NOD and Balb/c
   experimental data. We show that the original Copenhagen model fails to
   explain observed phenomena within a reasonable range of parameter
   values, predicting an unrealistic-or-none disease occurrence for both
   strains. However, if we take into account that, in general, activated
   macrophages produce harmful cytokines only when engulfing necrotic (but
   not apoptotic) cells, then the revised model becomes qualitatively and
   quantitatively reasonable. Further, we show that known differences
   between NOD and Balb/c mouse macrophage kinetics are large enough to
   account for the fact that an apoptotic wave can trigger escalating
   inflammatory response in NOD, but not Balb/c mice. In Balb/c mice,
   macrophages clear the apoptotic wave so efficiently, that chronic
   inflammation is prevented.}},
DOI = {{10.1098/rsta.2006.1769}},
ISSN = {{1364-503X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000237189500010}},
}

@article{ ISI:000235090100015,
Author = {Barma, P and Dey, D and Basu, D and Roy, SS and Bhattacharya, S},
Title = {{Nutritionally induced insulin resistance in an Indian perch: a possible
   model for type 2 diabetes}},
Journal = {{CURRENT SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{90}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{188-194}},
Month = {{JAN 25}},
Abstract = {{We have developed nutritionally induced, insulin-resistant Indian perch,
   Anabas testudineus, a freshwater teleost which showed all the
   characteristics found in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Free fatty acids
   (FFAs) are known to be the major players in implementing insulin
   resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, an epidemic disease threatening
   global health. Prolong feeding of a FFA, palmitic acid, to perch induced
   hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, loss of insulin sensitivity and
   increase in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1C)). Skeletal muscle cells
   from FFA-treated perch showed defects in insulin signalling molecules
   suggesting its link to the impairment of insulin action, a situation
   similar to that found in insulin-resistant mammalian species and human
   beings. Results indicate that this nutritionally induced
   insulin-resistant perch could be a convenient animal model to examine
   the potential of therapeutic compounds, addressing the problems of
   insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.}},
ISSN = {{0011-3891}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235090100015}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000240724000052,
Author = {Wahab, A. and Kong, Y. K. and Quek, C.},
Editor = {{Lee, DJ and Nutter, B and Antani, S and Mitra, S and Archibald, J}},
Title = {{Model reference adaptive control on glucose for the treatment of
   diabetes Mellitus}},
Booktitle = {{19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS,
   PROCEEDINGS}},
Series = {{COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL IEEE
   SYMPOSIUM}},
Year = {{2006}},
Pages = {{315-320}},
Note = {{19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, Salt Lake City,
   UT, JUN 22-23, 2006}},
Organization = {{IEEE Comp Soc, TCCM; Texas Tech Univ Coll Engn; Brigham Young Univ}},
Abstract = {{Diabetes mellitus is one of the top five killer among both man and woman
   world wide. Type I diabetes is caused by the failure to produce
   sufficient insulin which leads to an uncontrolled increase in blood
   glucose. Prolong elevated glucose level of above 150-160mg/dl poses
   significant health risk with possible long lasting effect. Human
   assisted insulin injection through compartmental model schedules are
   basically open loop system. This paper attempts to close the loop by
   employing model reference adaptive control on a controller to adaptively
   control the glucose level of the patient via an infusion pump.
   Simulation results show the potential of using fuzzy type controllers
   for finer regulation and its practical applications.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/CBMS.2006.117}},
ISSN = {{1063-7125}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000240724000052}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000247284703183,
Author = {Palerm, Cesar C. and Rodriguez-Fernandez, Maria and Bevier, Wendy C. and
   Zisser, Howard and Banga, Julio R. and Jovanovic, Lois and Doyle, III,
   Francis J.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Robust parameter estimation in a model for glucose kinetics in type 1
   diabetes subjects}},
Booktitle = {{2006 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
   Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-15}},
Year = {{2006}},
Pages = {{3257-3260}},
Note = {{28th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, New York, NY, AUG
   30-SEP 03, 2006}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Sci}},
Abstract = {{There is a significant push to develop closed-loop control systems to
   deliver insulin for type 1 diabetic subjects. As part of this process,
   mathematical models are required to test and validate the proposed
   algorithms. There are several published physiology-based models of
   glucose and insulin dynamics in the literature, however, all of them
   were derived using data from subjects without diabetes. For this
   particular study we have selected one of the recently published models,
   by Hovorka et al. {[}1], replacing the subcutaneous insulin infusion
   model with the one described by Wilinska et al. {[}2]. Five subjects
   with type 1 diabetes underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with
   a meal challenge and corresponding subcutaneous insulin bolus. The data
   collected were used to fit the model parameters using global
   optimization methods. Our results show that the model is capable of
   describing the observed dynamics for type 1 subjects under the
   experimental conditions, and as such can be used to simulate subject
   behavior under the experimental conditions.}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-0032-4}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{R. Banga, Julio/A-8388-2008
   Rodriguez-Fernandez, Maria/I-7193-2016}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{R. Banga, Julio/0000-0002-4245-0320
   Rodriguez-Fernandez, Maria/0000-0003-1966-2920}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247284703183}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000247284704057,
Author = {Chase, J. Geoffrey and Shaw, Geoffrey M. and Hann, Christopher E. and
   LeCompte, Aaron and Lonergan, Timothy and Willacy, Michael and Wong,
   Xing-Wei and Lin, Jessica and Lotz, Thomas},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Clinical validation of a model-based glycaemic control design approach
   and comparison to other clinical protocols}},
Booktitle = {{2006 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
   Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-15}},
Year = {{2006}},
Pages = {{3612-3615}},
Note = {{28th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, New York, NY, AUG
   30-SEP 03, 2006}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Sci}},
Abstract = {{Hyperglycaemia is prevalent in critical care and tight control can
   reduce mortality from 9-43\% depending on the level of control and the
   cohort. This research presents a table-based method that varies both
   insulin dose and nutritional input to achieve tight control. The system
   mimics a previously validated model-based system, but can be used for
   long term, large patient number clinical evaluation. This paper
   evaluates this method in simulation using retrospective data and then
   compares clinical measurements over 15,000 patient hours to validate the
   models and development approach. This validation thus also validates the
   in silica comparison to the landmark clinical tight glycaemic control
   protocols. Overall, an average clinical glucose level is 5.9 +/- 1.0
   mmol/L, matching simulation, however the overall clinical glucose
   distribution is slightly tighter than that obtained in simulation,
   indicating that the retrospective virtual trial design approach is
   slightly conservative. Finally, the model based approach is shown to
   have tighter control than existing, more ad-hoc clinical approaches
   based on the simulation results that qualitatively match reported
   clinical results, but also show significant variation around the average
   levels obtained in both the hypo-and hyper- glycaemic ranges.}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-0032-4}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chase, James/B-1584-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Chase, James/0000-0001-9989-4849}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247284704057}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000247284706204,
Author = {Mougiakakou, Stavroula G. and Prountzou, Aikaterini and Iliopoulou,
   Dimitra and Nikita, Konstantina S. and Vazeou, Andriani and Bartsocas,
   Christos S.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Neural network based glucose - Insulin metabolism models for children
   with type I diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{2006 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
   Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-15}},
Year = {{2006}},
Pages = {{5912-5915}},
Note = {{28th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, New York, NY, AUG
   30-SEP 03, 2006}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Sci}},
Abstract = {{In this paper two models for the simulation of glucose-insulin
   metabolism of children with Type 1 diabetes are presented. The models
   are based on the combined use of Compartmental Models (CMs) and
   artificial Neural Networks (N-Ns). Data from children with Type 1
   diabetes, stored in a database, have been used as input to the models.
   The data are taken from four children with Type 1 diabetes and contain
   information about glucose levels taken from continuous glucose
   monitoring system, insulin intake and food intake, along with
   corresponding time. The influences of taken insulin on plasma insulin
   concentration, as well as the effect of food intake on glucose input
   into the blood from the gut, are estimated from the CMs. The outputs of
   CMs, along with previous glucose measurements, are fed to a NN, which
   provides short-term prediction of glucose values. For comparative
   reasons two different NN architectures have been tested: a Feed-Forward
   NN (FFNN) trained with the back-propagation algorithm with adaptive
   learning rate and momentum, and a Recurrent NN (RNN), trained with the
   Real Time Recurrent Learning (RTR-L) algorithm. The results indicate
   that the best prediction performance can be achieved by the use of RNN.}},
ISBN = {{978-1-4244-0032-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247284706204}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000250420600123,
Author = {Rudi, Rudi and Celler, Branko G.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Design and implementation of expert-telemedicine system for diabetes
   management at home}},
Booktitle = {{2006 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
   Engineering, Vols 1 and 2}},
Year = {{2006}},
Pages = {{592-596}},
Note = {{International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering,
   Singapore, SINGAPORE, DEC 11-14, 2006}},
Abstract = {{This paper presents the design and implementation of the
   expert-telemedicine system, which is a system that is capable of storing
   clinical data in diabetes management, such as blood glucose
   measurements, insulin injection doses, hypoglycemic events, dietary
   intake and exercise activity. These stored records eventually will allow
   the doctors to monitor their patients remotely. Furthermore, based on
   these records and some expert knowledge, the system will give
   recommendations to the patients about insulin dose adjustment.}},
ISBN = {{978-981-05-7943-2}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250420600123}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000239519000193,
Author = {Fernandez-Luque, L. and Sevillano, J. L. and Hurtado-Nunez, F. J. and
   Moriana-Garcia, F. J. and Diaz-del-Rio, F. and Cascado, D.},
Editor = {{Miesenberger, K and Klaus, J and Zagler, W and Karshmer, A}},
Title = {{eDiab: A system for monitoring, assisting and educating people with
   diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{COMPUTERS HELPING PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS, PROCEEDINGS}},
Series = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{4061}},
Pages = {{1342-1349}},
Note = {{10th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special
   Needs, Linz, AUSTRIA, JUL 11-13, 2006}},
Organization = {{DG Informat Soc, European Commiss; Fed Minist Educ, Sci \& Culture; Fed
   Minist Transport, Innovat \& Technol; Reg Govt Upper Austria, Governor;
   Reg Govt Upper Austria, Dept Social Affairs; Austrian Comp Soc}},
Abstract = {{In this paper, a system developed for monitoring, assisting and
   educating people with diabetes, named eDiab, is described. A central
   node (PDA or mobile phone) is used at the patient's side for the
   transmission of medical information, health advices, alarms, reminders,
   etc. The software is adapted to blind users by using a screen reader
   called Mobile Speak Pocket/Phone. The glucose sensor is connected to the
   central node through wireless links (Zigbee/Bluetooth) and the
   communication between the central node and the server is established
   with a GPRS/GSM connection. Finally, a subsystem for health education
   (which sends medical information and advice like treatment reminder),
   still under development, is briefly described.}},
ISSN = {{0302-9743}},
ISBN = {{3-540-36020-4}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Fernandez-Luque, Luis/C-6723-2011
   Sevillano, Jose Luis/K-2484-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Fernandez-Luque, Luis/0000-0001-8165-9904
   Sevillano, Jose Luis/0000-0002-1392-1832}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239519000193}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000246181100035,
Author = {Yeh, Yu-Ting and Chin, Yuan-Ting and Liu, Chien-Tsai and Wu, Shwu-Jiuan
   and Lee, Ting-I},
Editor = {{Park, HA and Murray, P and Delaney, C}},
Title = {{Development and evaluation of an integrated patient-oriented education
   management system for diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{Consumer-Centered Computer-Suppported Care for Healthy People}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{122}},
Pages = {{172-175}},
Note = {{9th International Congress on Nursing Informatics, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA,
   2006}},
Organization = {{Korean Soc Med Informat}},
Abstract = {{This paper describes and evaluates a Patient- Oriented education
   management system for diabetes using the Internet (POEM). With this
   sYstem ot each patient visit, the system can automatically download a
   patient's medical services records, prescriptions, laboratory test
   results and hislher patient education materials, and organize them into
   a series of case folders based on hislher medical service history in a
   hospital. Thesystem can also provide patients with reminders to call
   fior return to their hospitals for further treatment under certain
   conditions, such as one week before their appointments, the period of
   their HbA1C test if it is more than three months away, and emergency
   calls for any anomaly in a laboratoy test result. We present them on the
   Web to support continued patient education at a low cost. The evaluation
   results showed that the system was able to help patients maintain better
   control of their glucose levels and better management of their diabetes
   condition as well. More importantly, the system supports routine
   hospital patient education services and assists patients to acquire the
   diabetes knowledge and skills for self care.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{978-1-58603-622-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246181100035}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000246181100283,
Author = {Park, Kyung-Soon and Kim, Nam-Jin and Hong, Joo-Hyun and Park, Mi-Sook
   and Cha, Eun-Jung and Lee, Tae-Soo},
Editor = {{Park, HA and Murray, P and Delaney, C}},
Title = {{Personal diabetes management system based on ubiquitous computing
   technology}},
Booktitle = {{Consumer-Centered Computer-Suppported Care for Healthy People}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{122}},
Pages = {{967-968}},
Note = {{9th International Congress on Nursing Informatics, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA,
   2006}},
Organization = {{Korean Soc Med Informat}},
Abstract = {{Assisting diabetes patients to self manage blood glucose test and
   insulin injection is of great importance for their healthcare. This
   study presented a PDA based system to manage the personal glucose level
   data interfaced with a small glucometer through a serial port. The data
   stored in the PDA can be transmitted by cradle or wireless communication
   to the remote web-server where further medical analysis and service is
   provided. This system enables more efficient and systematic management
   Of diabetes patients through self management and remote medical
   practice.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{978-1-58603-622-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246181100283}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000244105600009,
Author = {Liu, Xueliang and Suzuki, Hideaki and Sethi, Rajat and Tappia, Paramjit
   S. and Takeda, Nobuakira and Dhalla, Naranjan S.},
Editor = {{Adeghate, E and Saadi, H and Adem, A and Obineche, E}},
Title = {{Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system attenuates sarcolemma and
   sarcoplasmic reticulum remodeling in chronic diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS,
   EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL MEDICINE}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1084}},
Pages = {{141-154}},
Note = {{International Conference on Recent Advances in Diabetes Mellitus and Its
   Complications, Al Ain, U ARAB EMIRATES, MAR 06-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{UAE Univ, Fac Med \& Hlth Sci; Dept Hlth \& Med Serv, Dubai; Etihad
   Airways; Merck; Aventis; Servier; Life Scan, Johnson \& Johnson; Roche
   Diagnost}},
Abstract = {{Although the defects in the sarcolemma (SL) and sarcoplasmic reticulum
   (SR) membranes are known to be associated with cardiac dysfunction in
   chronic diabetes, very little information regarding the mechanisms of
   these membrane abnormalities is available in the literature. For this
   reason, rats were treated daily for 8 weeks with and without enalapril,
   an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, or losartan, an angiotensin
   receptor antagonist, 3 days after inducing diabetes with an injection of
   streptozocin. Treatment of diabetic animals with both enalapril and
   losartan attenuated alterations in cardiac function and the left
   ventricular redox potential without any changes in the increased plasma
   glucose or reduced plasma insulin levels. The SL Na+-K+ ATPase, Ca2+
   pump, Na+-dependent Ca2+-uptake, Ca2+-channel density, and low-affinity
   Ca2+-binding activities were depressed whereas Ca2+ ecto-ATPase activity
   was increased in the diabetic heart. Furthermore, the SR Ca2+-release
   and Ca2+-pump activities in the diabetic hearts were decreased without
   any changes in the Mg2+-ATPase activity. These alterations in SL and SR
   membranes in diabetic animals were partly prevented by treatments with
   enalapril and losartan. The results suggest that the activation of the
   renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in diabetes-induced
   changes in SL and SR membranes as well as cardiac function.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1372.003}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-635-4}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dhalla, Naranjan/C-8279-2014}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Dhalla, Naranjan/0000-0002-4894-4727}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244105600009}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000244105600013,
Author = {Sibal, Latika and Law, Huong Nai and Gebbie, Janice and Dashora, Umesh
   K. and Agarwal, Sharad C. and Home, Philip},
Editor = {{Adeghate, E and Saadi, H and Adem, A and Obineche, E}},
Title = {{Predicting the development of macrovascular disease in people with type
   1 diabetes - A 9-year follow-up study}},
Booktitle = {{DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS,
   EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL MEDICINE}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1084}},
Pages = {{191-207}},
Note = {{International Conference on Recent Advances in Diabetes Mellitus and Its
   Complications, Al Ain, U ARAB EMIRATES, MAR 06-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{UAE Univ, Fac Med \& Hlth Sci; Dept Hlth \& Med Serv, Dubai; Etihad
   Airways; Merck; Aventis; Servier; Life Scan, Johnson \& Johnson; Roche
   Diagnost}},
Abstract = {{The aim of the article was to use prospectively collected data on people
   with type I diabetes to assess which routinely collected clinical
   measures predict the development of macrovascular disease in people with
   type 1 diabetes. Data have been collected in a structured format at an
   annual review since 1985. For this study, all people with type 1
   diabetes in the database in both 1992 and 2001 were ascertained. Data
   were extracted for a diagnosis of coronary artery disease, stroke, and
   peripheral vascular disease (macrovascular complications). Presence of
   other microvascular complications was also ascertained. Forty-one of 404
   (10.1\%) people had macrovascular disease at the index visit in 1992 and
   61 others developed macrovascular complications during follow-up. People
   who developed macrovascular complications were older (48 12 versus 36
   +/- 11 {[}SD] years; P = 0.000), had longer duration of diabetes (28 +/-
   12 versus 18 +/- 11 years; P = 0.000), higher BMI (26.7 +/- 4.6 versus
   25.4 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2); P = 0.041), higher base line serum cholesterol
   (5.9 +/- 1.7 versus 5.2 +/- 1.1 mmol/L, P = 0.007), higher median base
   line triglyceride levels (1.5 {[}IQ range 0.9-2.6] versus 1.1
   {[}0.8-1.7] mmol/L; P = 0.002), higher systolic BP (145 +/- 21 versus
   129 +/- 20 mmHg; P = 0.000), and higher serum creatinine (102 +/- 57
   versus

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