text:
mongrel dogs
                 underwent insertion of a transvenous lead at the right
                 atrial appendage that was continuously paced at 400
                 beats per minute for 6 weeks. Two-dimensional
                 echocardiography was performed in 11 dogs to assess the
                 effects of rapid atrial pacing on atrial size. Marked
                 biatrial enlargement was documented; after 6 weeks of
                 continuous rapid atrial pacing, the left atrium was 7.8
                 +/- 1 cm2 at baseline versus 11.3 +/- 1 cm2 after
                 pacing, and the right atrium was 4.3 +/- 0.7 cm2 at
                 baseline versus 7.2 +/- 1.3 cm2 after pacing. An
                 increase in atrial area of at least 40\% was necessary
                 to induce sustained AF and was strongly correlated with
                 the inducibility of AF (r =.87). Electron microscopy of
                 atrial tissue demonstrated structural changes that were
                 characterized by an increase in mitochondrial size and
                 number and by disruption of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
                 After 6 weeks of continuous rapid atrial pacing,
                 sustained AF was induced in 18 dogs (82\%) and
                 nonsustained AF was induced in 2 dogs (9\%). AF
                 occurred spontaneously in 4 dogs (18\%). Right atrial
                 ERP, measured at cycle lengths of 400 and 300
                 milliseconds at baseline, was significantly shortened
                 after pacing, from 150 +/- 8 to 127 +/- 10 milliseconds
                 and from 147 +/- 11 to 123 +/- 12 milliseconds,
                 respectively (P <.001). This finding was highly
                 predictive of inducibility of AF (90\%). Increased
                 atrial area (40\%) and ERP shortening were highly
                 predictive for the induction of sustained AF (88\%).
                 Local epicardial ERP correlated well with local AFCL
                 (R2 =.93). Mean AFCL was significantly shorter in the
                 left atrium (81 +/- 8 milliseconds) compared with the
                 right atrium 94 +/- 9 milliseconds (P <.05). An area in
                 the posterior left atrium was consistently found to
                 have a shorter AFCL (74 +/- 5 milliseconds).
                 Cryoablation of this area was attempted in 11 dogs. In
                 9 dogs (82\%; mean, 9.0 +/- 4.0; range, 5 to 14), AF
                 was terminated and no longer induced after serial
                 cryoablation. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained AF was readily
                 inducible in most dogs (82\%) after rapid atrial
                 pacing. This model was consistently associated with
                 biatrial myopathy and marked changes in atrial
                 vulnerability. An area in the posterior left atrium was
                 uniformly shown to have the shortest AFCL. The results
                 of restoration of sinus rhythm and prevention of
                 inducibility of AF after cryoablation of this area of
                 the left atrium suggest that this area may be critical
                 in the maintenance of AF in this model.",
  keywords =     "Animals Atrial
                 Fibrillation/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology
                 Baroreflex/physiology *Cardiac Pacing, Artificial
                 Disease Models, Animal Dogs Echocardiography
                 Electrocardiography Electrophysiology Heart
                 Atria/ultrasonography Microscopy, Electron
                 Myocardium/pathology Time Factors",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{RSM:Mor96,
  author =       "F. Morady and S. A. Strickerberger and K. Ching Man
                 and E. Daoud and M. Nieber and R. Goyal and M. Harvey
                 and F. Bogun",
  title =        "Reasons for Prolonged or Failed Attempts at
                 Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Accessory
                 Pathways.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "683--689",
  key =          "ablation",
  annote =       "RF Ablation, failure or prolonged. ROK-thesis",
}

@Article{RSM:Mos86,
  author =       "Moshier S.L.",
  title =        "Computer Approximations: {O}ptimizing speed and
                 precision in computations",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "161--178",
  robnote =      "A bit of info about the errors made in computers due
                 to their inherent inaccuracies, limited bit length,
                 etc. A couple of programs are supplied to evaluate the
                 accuracy of a microcomputer., CompSoft020",
}

@Article{RSM:Mos92,
  author =       "J.C Mosher and P.S. Lewis and R.M. Leahy",
  title =        "Multiple dipole modeling and localization from
                 spatio-temporal {MEG} data",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "541--557",
  robnote =      "Very nice paper in which they lay out a common
                 structure with which to analyze a host of inverse
                 dipole source location methods in MEG, then come up
                 with their own approach. inverse problems, brain
                 mapping,",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 15 13:45:17 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Mos93,
  author =       "J.C. Mosher and M.E. Spencer and R.M. Leahy and P.S.
                 Lewis",
  title =        "Error bounds for {EEG} and {MEG} dipole source
                 localization.",
  journal =      "Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol",
  year =         "1993",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "303--321",
  robnote =      "General formulas are presented for computing a lower
                 bound on localization and moment error for
                 electroencephalographic (EEG) or
                 magnetoencephalographic (MEG) current source dipole
                 models with arbitrary sensor array geometry. The
                 results show a strong dependence on absolute dipole
                 location and orientation. The results also show that
                 fusion of the EEG and MEG measurements into a combined
                 model reduces the lower bound. A Monte Carlo simulation
                 was performed to check the tightness of the bounds for
                 a selected case. The simple head model, the low power
                 noise and the few strong dipoles were all selected in
                 this study as optimistic conditions to establish
                 possibly fundamental resolution limits for any
                 localization effort. Results, under these favorable
                 assumptions, show comparable resolutions between the
                 EEG and the MEG models, but accuracy for a single
                 dipole, in either case, appears limited to several
                 millimeters for a single time slice. The lower bounds
                 increase markedly with just 2 dipoles. Observations are
                 given to support the need for full spatiotemporal
                 modeling to improve these lower bounds.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 23 10:02:52 2000",
}
@Article{RSM:Mos95,
  author =       "A.J. Moss and W. Zareba and J. Benhorin and E.H.
                 Locati and W. Jackson and J.L. Robinson and P.J.
                 Schwartz and J.A. Towbin and G.M. Vincent and M.H.
                 Lehmann and M.T. Keating and J.W. MacCluer and K.W.
                 Timothy",
  title =        "{ECG} {T}-wave patterns in genetically distinct forms
                 of the hereditary long {QT} syndrome",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "92",
  pages =        "2929--2934",
  robnote =      "LQTS analysis using a set of distinct T wave shapes.
                 SCOR",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 06 01:18:40 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Mos97,
  author =       "J.C. Mosher and R.M. Leahey and M. Huang and M.E.
                 Spencer",
  title =        "Modeling versus accuracy in {EEG} and {MEG} data",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "5--8",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 12 15:51:15 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Mos98,
  author =       "J.C. Mosher and R.M. Leahy",
  title =        "Recursive {MUSIC}: {A} framework for {EEG} and {MEG}
                 source localization",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "45",
  thenumber =    "11",
  thwpages =     "1342--1354",
  robnote =      "brain mapping, inverse problems, EEG",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 21 23:52:44 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Mos99,
  author =       "J.C. Mosher and S. Baillet and R.M. Leahy",
  title =        "{EEG} source localization and imaging using multiple
                 signal classification approaches.",
  journal =      "J Clin Neurophysiol",
  year =         "1999",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "225--238",
  robnote =      "The existence of multiple local minima in the dipole
                 source localization error function can result in gross
                 errors in the computed source locations. The problem is
                 further compounded by the requirement that the model
                 order, i.e. the number of dipoles, be determined before
                 error minimization can be performed. Both of these
                 problems can be avoided using alternative search
                 strategies based on the MUSIC (multiple signal
                 classification) algorithm. Here the authors review the
                 MUSIC approach and demonstrate its application to the
                 localization of multiple current dipoles from EEG data.
                 The authors also show that the number of detectable
                 sources can be determined in a recursive manner from
                 the data. Also, in contrast to least-squares, the
                 method can find dipolar sources in the presence of
                 additional non-dipolar sources. Finally, extensions of
                 the MUSIC approach to allow the modeling of distributed
                 sources are discussed. No hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 23 10:02:52 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Mos99b,
  author =       "J.C. Mosher and R.M. Leahy and P.S. Lewis",
  title =        "{EEG} and {MEG}: forward solutions for inverse
                 methods.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1999",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "245--259",
  robnote =      "We present a unified treatment of analytical and
                 numerical solutions of the forward problem in a form
                 suitable for use in inverse methods. This formulation
                 is achieved through factorization of the lead field
                 into the product of the moment of the elemental current
                 dipole source with a kernel matrix that depends on the
                 head geometry and source and sensor locations, and a
                 sensor matrix that models sensor orientation and
                 gradiometer effects in MEG and differential
                 measurements in EEG. Using this formulation and a
                 recently developed approximation formula for EEG, based
                 on the Berg parameters, we present novel reformulations
                 of the basic EEG and MEG kernels that dispel the myth
                 that EEG is inherently more complicated to calculate
                 than MEG. We also present novel investigations of
                 different boundary element methods (BEM's) and present
                 evidence that improvements over currently published BEM
                 methods can be realized using alternative
                 error-weighting methods. Explicit expressions for the
                 matrix kernels for MEG and EEG for spherical and
                 realistic head geometries are included. no hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 23 10:02:52 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Mro82,
  author =       "D. Mrowinski and R. Bauer and T. Blum",
  title =        "Registrierung akustisch evozierter Hirn-Magnetfelder
                 in ungeschirmter Umgebung",
  journal =      "Biomedizinische Technik",
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "197--203",
  robnote =      "Measurement of auditory evoked cortical magnetic
                 fields in unshielded rooms, evoked potentials, EMG,
                 biomagnetic fields, SQUID gradiometer, auditory evoked
                 fields, GenPhysiol008",
}

@Article{RSM:Mue2002,
  author =       "J.L. Mueller and S. Siltanen and D. Isaacson",
  title =        "A direct reconstruction algorithm for electrical
                 impedance tomography.",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
  year =         "2002",
  month =        jun,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "555--509",
  robnote =      "A direct (noniterative) reconstruction algorithm for
                 electrical impedance tomography in the two-dimensional
                 (2-D), cross-sectional geometry is reviewed. New
                 results of a reconstruction of a numerically simulated
                 phantom chest are presented. The algorithm is based on
                 the mathematical uniqueness proof by A. I. Nachman
                 [1996] for the 2-D inverse conductivity problem. In
                 this geometry, several of the clinical applications
                 include monitoring heart and lung function, diagnosis
                 of pulmonary embolus, diagnosis of pulmonary edema,
                 monitoring for internal bleeding, and the early
                 detection of breast cancer. No hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 31 01:53:51 2003",
}

@Article{RSM:Mue86,
  author =       "W. M{\"u}ller and H. Windisch and H.A. Tritthart",
  title =        "Fluorescent Styryl Dyes Applied as Fast Optical Probes
                 of Cardiac Action Potential",
  journal =      "Eur. Biophys. J",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "103--111",
  robnote =      ", CellPhysiol008",
}

@Article{RSM:Mue87,
  author =       "P. Mueller and A. Kl\'{e}ber and R. Weingart and C.
                 McCBrooks",
  title =        "Cardiac Electrophysiology: Past, Present and Future",
  journal =      "Experientia",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "1039--1044",
  robnote =      "The first of a series of articles about cardiac
                 electrophysiology in tribute to Silvio Weidmann, on the
                 occasion of his 65th birthday in Berne., CardCell004",
}

@Article{RSM:Mue89,
  author =       "W. M{\"u}ller and H. Windisch and H.A. Tritthart",
  title =        "Fast optical monitoring of microscopic patterns in
                 cardiac muscle",
  journal =      j-BJ,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "56",
  pages =        "623--629",
  robnote =      "Wolfram and Herbert's paper on spread of excitation in
                 papillary muscle, voltage-sensitive dyes,
                 fluourescence",
}

@Article{RSM:Muh2001,
  author =       "O. M. Muhling and M. E. Dickson and A. Zenovich and Y.
                 Huang and B. V. Wilson and R. F. Wilson and I. S. Anand
                 and R. T. Seethamraju and M. Jerosch-Herold and N. M.
                 Wilke",
  title =        "Quantitative magnetic resonance first-pass perfusion
                 analysis: inter- and intraobserver agreement",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Magn Reson",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "247--56",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Muh92,
  author =       "J.B. Muhlestein and P.J. Quigley and E.M. Ohman and
                 R.P. Bauman and M.H. Sketch and J.E. Tcheng and C.J.
                 Davidson and R.H. Peter and V.S. Behar and M.W. Krucoff
                 and Y. Kong and H.R. Phillips",
  title =        "Prospective analysis of possible myocardial damage or
                 hemolysis occurring as a result of prolonged
                 autoperfusion angioplasty in humans",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "594--598",
  robnote =      "Describes the use of a PTCA catheter which allows
                 perfusion through the center, thus eliminting (they
                 say) any sign of ischemia.",
}

@Article{RSM:Mul75,
  author =       "J.E. Muller and P.R. Maroko and E. Braunwald",
  title =        "Evaluation of Precordial Electrographic Mapping as a
                 Means of Assessing Changes in Myocardial Ischemic
                 Injury",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "16--27",
  robnote =      "An early work which doesn't say a whole lot about the
                 connection between infarct and electrographic changes
                 but it perhaps set the tone for later work.,
                 Ischemia027",
}

@Article{RSM:Mul79,
  author =       "L.J. Mullins",
  title =        "The Generation of Electric Currents in Cardiac Fibres
                 by Na/Ca Exchange",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "C103--C110",
  robnote =      "membrane potential, cardiac action potential, squid
                 axon, CellPhysiol049",
}

@Article{RSM:Mur2004,
  author =       "E. Murphy",
  title =        "Primary and secondary signaling pathways in early
                 preconditioning that converge on the mitochondria to
                 produce cardioprotection",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "2004",
  volume =       "94",
  pages =        "7--16",
}

@Article{RSM:Mur79,
  author =       "P.A. Murray and F.L. Belloni and H.V. Sparks",
  title =        "The Role of Potassium in the Metabolic Control of
                 Coronary Vascular Resistance of the Dog",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "44",
  pages =        "767--780",
  robnote =      "Role of potassium in local control of coronary
                 circulation., Ischemia052",
}

@Article{RSM:Mur86,
  author =       "C.E. Murry and R.B. Jennings and K.A. Reimer",
  title =        "Preconditioning with ischemia: {A} delay of lethal
                 cell injury in ischemic myocardium",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "1124--1136",
  robnote =      "First of many papers by RB Jennings/KA Reimer group in
                 Duke on preconditioning. This paper was the first study
                 that observed decrease in infarct size by
                 preconditioning",
}

@Article{RSM:Mur91,
  author =       "C.E. Murry and R.B. Jennings and K.A. Reimer",
  title =        "New insights into potential mechanisms of ischemic
                 preconditioning",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "84",
  pages =        "442--445",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mur94,
  author =       "R. Murray and S. Kadambe and G.F. Boudreaux-Bartels",
  title =        "Extensive analysis of a {QRS} detector based on the
                 Dyadic Wavelet Transform",
  pages =        "540--543",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the~IEEE Symposium on Time-Frequency
                 and Time-Scale",
  year =         "1994",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "detecting fiducials in the ECG, don't have this one,
                 but Dana does.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mus2008,
  author =       "M. Mustra and K. Delac and M. Grgic",
  booktitle =    "ELMAR, 2008. 50th International Symposium",
  title =        "Overview of the {DICOM} standard",
  year =         "2008",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "39--44",
  keywords =     "biomedical equipment;biomedical imaging;DICOM
                 standard;Digital Imaging and Communication in
                 Medicine;digital technology;medical equipment
                 manufacturers;noninvasive medical imaging
                 equipment;Biomedical equipment;Biomedical
                 imaging;Communication standards;Computer
                 displays;DICOM;Image
                 storage;Mammography;Manufacturing;Medical diagnostic
                 imaging;Standards development;DICOM;Mammography;Medical
                 Imaging",
  ISSN =         "1334-2630",
  month =        sep,
}

@Article{RSM:Mus84,
  author =       "M. Muskal",
  title =        "A Computerized Notebook for Scientists",
  journal =      "PC Mag",
  year =         "1984",
  month =        aug,
  pages =        "135--141",
  robnote =      "Labtech Notebook, a program for scientists with
                 graphs, analysis, and more, a review., CompSoft104",
}

@Article{RSM:Mus87,
  author =       "E. Musso and D. Stilli and E. Macchi and G. Regoliosi
                 and C. Brambilla and P. Francescon and M. Bo and A.
                 Rolli and G. Botti and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Body Surface Maps in Left Bundle Branch Block
                 Uncomplicated or Complicated by Myocardial Infarction,
                 Left Ventricular Hypertrophy or Myocardial Ischemia",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "1--20",
  robnote =      "A whole set of BSPM maps for an array of clinical
                 cases,complicated by concurrent presence of several
                 conditions. read it., BSPM014",
}

@Article{RSM:Muz97,
  author =       "A.L. Muzikant and C.S. Henriquez",
  title =        "Paced Activation Mapping Reveals Organization of
                 Myocardial Fibers: {A} Simulation Study.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "281--294",
  robnote =      "Elliptical fitting and Fiber direction",
}

@Article{RSM:Muz98,
  author =       "A.L. Muzikant and C.S. Henriquez",
  title =        "Bipolar stimulation of a three-dimensional bidomain
                 incorporating rotational anisotropy.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1998",
  month =        apr,
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "449--462",
  robnote =      "A bidomain model of cardiac tissue was used to examine
                 the effect of transmural fiber rotation during bipolar
                 stimulation in three-dimensional (3-D) myocardium. A
                 3-D tissue block with unequal anisotropy and two types
                 of fiber rotation (none and moderate) was stimulated
                 along and across fibers via bipolar electrodes on the
                 epicardial surface, and the resulting steady-state
                 interstitial (phi e) and transmembrane (Vm) potentials
                 were computed. Results demonstrate that the presence of
                 rotated fibers does not change the amount of tissue
                 polarized by the point surface stimuli, but does cause
                 changes in the orientation of phi e and Vm in the depth
                 of the tissue, away from the epicardium. Further
                 analysis revealed a relationship between the Laplacian
                 of phi e, regions of virtual electrodes, and fiber
                 orientation that was dependent upon adequacy of spatial
                 sampling and the interstitial anisotropy. These
                 findings help to understand the role of fiber
                 architecture during extracellular stimulation of
                 cardiac muscle.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 15 14:37:31 2001",
}

@Book{RSM:Mye95,
  author    = "R.H. Myers and D.C. Montgomery",
  title     = "Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product in
               Optimization Using Designed Experiments",
  publisher = "John Wiley and Sons, Inc.",
  address   = "New York, NY, USA",
  year      = "1995"
}

@Book{RSM:NAG89,
  author =       "NAG",
  title =        "{NAG} {L}ibrary {M}ark 13",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "The Numerical Algorithms Group Inc.",
  address =      "Downers Grove, Il",
  year =         "1989",
  robnote =      "The manuals for the NAG library. thesis, NumMath026",
}

@Article{RSM:NDi2004,
  author =       "K. N'Diaye and R. Ragot and L. Garnero and V. Pouthas",
  title =        "What is common to brain activity evoked by the perception
                 of visual and auditory filled durations? A study with MEG
                 and EEG co-recordings.",
  journal =      "Brain Res Cogn Brain Res",
  year =         "2004",
  month =        "Oct",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "250--268",
  robnote =      "EEG and MEG scalp data were simultaneously recorded while
                 human participants were performing a duration
                 discrimination task in visual and auditory modality,
                 separately. Short durations were used ranging from 500 to
                 900 ms, among which participants had to discriminate a
                 previously memorized 700-ms standard duration. Behavioral
                 results show accurate but variable performance within and
                 between participants with expected modality effects: the
                 percentage of responses was greater and the mean response
                 time was shorter for auditory than for visual signals.
                 Sustained electric and magnetic activities were obtained
                 correlatively to duration estimation, but with distinct
                 spatiotemporal properties. Electric CNV-like potentials
                 showed fronto-central negativity in both modalities,
                 whereas magnetic sustained fields were distributed with
                 respect to the modality of the interval to be timed. Time
                 courses of these slow brain activities were found to be
                 dependent on stimulus duration but not on its modality nor
                 on the recording signal (EEG or MEG). Source
                 reconstruction demonstrated that these sustained
                 potentials/fields were generated by superimposed
                 contributions from visual and auditory cortices (sustained
                 sensory responses, SSR) and from prefrontal and parietal
                 regions. By using these two complementary techniques, we
                 thus demonstrated the involvement of frontal and parietal
                 cerebral cortex in human timing.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 6 22:27:10 2008",
}

@Misc{RSM:NIH2003,
  author =       "National Institutes of Health",
  title =        "{RFA}-{RM}-04-003, National Centers for Biomedical
                 Computing",
  year =         "2003",
  note =         "http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-RM-04-003.html",
  robnote =      "NIH RFA for NCBC",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 09 00:21:27 2004",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Nad90,
  author =       "M. Nadi and G. Prieur and C. Marchal",
  title =        "Development of a gelatin water phantom used for
                 simulation of biological tissues in the 20-110 {MH}z
                 band",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS90,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "2099--2100",
  robnote =      "Idea here was to create a tissue phantom so that the
                 effects of conductivity could be studied. Would be very
                 useful for us, but the frequency range they used was in
                 the MHz range. inverse solution, torso tank,",
}

@Article{RSM:Nag60,
  author =       "J. Nagumo and S. Arimoto and S. Yoshizawa",
  title =        "An active pulse transmission line simulating nerve
                 axons",
  journal =      "Proc. IRL",
  year =         "1960",
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "2061--2070",
  robnote =      "Fithugh Nagumo ref",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 08 17:50:18 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Nag70,
  author =       "Y. Nagata",
  title =        "The electrocardiographic leads for telemetering as
                 evaluated from the view point of the transfer impedance
                 vector",
  journal =      j-JHJ,
  year =         "1970",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "183--194",
  month =       "Mar.",
  robnote =      "use a 3D torso tank to locate best leads for telemetry
                 of ECG. The only earlier ref they give is in another
                 Japanese circulation journal. Uses a dipole mounted on
                 a stage to set up different sources.",
}

@Article{RSM:Nag70b,
  author =       "Y. Nagata",
  title =        "The influence of the inhomogeneities of electrical
                 conductance within the torso on the electrocardiogram
                 as evaluated from the view point of the transfer
                 impedance vector",
  journal =      j-JHJ,
  year =         "1970",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "489--505",
  robnote =      "earliest ref I have on using a 3D torso tank for
                 examining effects of inhomogeneities. They mount a
                 dipole on an arm and move it locations that are where
                 the ventricles would be, then insert both a set of dog
                 lungs, and a phantom made of agar. electrolytic torso
                 tank, fowrard solution",
}

@Article{RSM:Nah43,
  author =       "L.H. Nahum and W.F. Hamilton and H.E. Heff",
  title =        "Injury Current in the Electrocardiogram",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1943",
  volume =       "139",
  pages =        "202",
  robnote =      "A paper refered to in a number of others as one of the
                 first, the first perhaps to coin the ``current of
                 injury'' phrase. These workers believed that the injury
                 current flowed only during diastole, or so I read in
                 other papers. As is obvious from all of this, I don't
                 have a copy of this one. See Ischemia53 for reference.
                 Thesis., Ischemia149",
}

@Article{RSM:Nak71,
  author =       "F.K. Nakhjavan and R. Parameswaran and C.Y. Lu and
                 N.V. Spinivasan and H. Goldberg",
  title =        "Effects of hypoxia, reoxygenation, and temperature on
                 cat papillary muscle",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1971",
  volume =       "220",
  pages =        "1289--1293",
  robnote =      "Not wildly interesting since it looks only at anoxia
                 and not ischemia and also at temprature. Found expected
                 reduction in tension, which recovered with
                 reoxegenation., Ischemia124",
}

@Article{RSM:Nan88,
  author =       "M. Nanna and D.T. Kawanishi and C.R. McKay and S.H.
                 Rahimtoola and A. Nimalasuriya and P.A.N.
                 Chandraratna",
  title =        "Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitoring During Exercise
                 Stress Test",
  journal =      j-CJC,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "4",
  month =        may,
  pages =        "165--168",
  robnote =      "A little paper about using Doppler echo to monitor
                 cardiac output in patients during exercise testing.,
                 Cardiol009",
}

@Article{RSM:Nas2003,
  author =       "C.P. Bradley M.P. Nash and D.J. Paterson",
  title =        "Imaging electrocardiographic dispersion of
                 depolarization and repolarization during ischemia:
                 simultaneous body surface and epicardial mapping",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2003",
  OPTvolume =    "107",
  OPTnumber =    "17",
  OPTpages =     "2257--2263",
  OPTmonth =     "",
  OPTnote =      "",
  robnote =      "used the pig model along with occlusion of LAD to look
                 at dispserion of repolarization with ARI. They
                 concluded that mapping was necessary to identify some
                 markers of ischemia",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 30 07:00:38 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Nas2005,
  author =       "A.J. Pullan M.P. Nash",
  title =        "Challenges facing validation of noninvasive electrical
                 imaging of the heart",
  journal =      "Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol.",
  year =         "2005",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--82",
  robnote =      "review of inverse problem validations",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 29 17:49:51 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Nas85,
  author =       "J.C. Nash",
  title =        "Scientific Applications Software",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1985",
  month =        dec,
  pages =        "145--150",
  robnote =      "How to find and select suitable scientific software,
                 includes a list of sources of scientific software and
                 even some online databases., CompSoft047",
}

@Article{RSM:Nas85b,
  author =       "J.C. Nash",
  title =        "The Birth of a Computer",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1985",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "177--194",
  robnote =      "An interview with James H. Wilkinson on the building
                 of a computer designed by Alan Turing, Comphard004",
}

@Article{RSM:Nas93,
  author =       "G. Nassif and S.M. Dillion and S. Rayhill and A.L.
                 Wit",
  title =        "Reentrant Circuits and the Effects of Heptanol in a
                 Rabbit Model of Infarction with a Uniform Anisotropic
                 Epicardial Border Zone.",
  journal =      "j-JCE",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "112--122",
  robnote =      "Reentrant, aniosotropic epicardium",
}

@Article{RSM:Nas93a,
  author =       "U. Naslund and S. Haggmark and G. Johansson and S.
                 Reiz",
  title =        "Quantification of myocardium at risk and detection of
                 reperfusion by dynamic vectorcardiographic {ST} segment
                 monitoring in a pig occlusion-reperfusion model",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "27",
  pages =        "2170--2178",
  robnote =      "Have not yet read this one closely, but they suggest
                 that VCG ST segment monitoring does actually predict
                 extent of ischemia fairly well after all.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 31 16:23:58 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat2005,
  author =       "S. Nattel and A. Shiroshita-Takeshita and B.J. Brundel
                 and L. Rivard",
  title =        "Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: lessons from animal
                 models.",
  journal =      "Prog Cardiovasc Dis",
  year =         "2005",
  month =        jul # "-" # aug,
  volume =       "48",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--28",
  robnote =      "Studies in animal models have provided extremely
                 important insights about atrial fibrillation (AF). The
                 classic mechanisms that still form the framework for
                 our understanding of AF (focal activity, single-circuit
                 or mother wave reentry, and multiple circuit reentry)
                 were established based on animal studies almost 100
                 years ago. The past 10 years have witnessed a
                 tremendous acceleration of animal work in this area,
                 including the development of a range of AF models in
                 clinically relevant pathological substrates (eg, atrial
                 tachycardia remodeling, congestive heart failure,
                 pericarditis, ischemic heart disease, mitral valve
                 disease, volume overload states, respiratory failure)
                 and the establishment of an increasing number of
                 genetically defined transgenic mouse models. This
                 article reviews the contribution of animal models to
                 our knowledge about AF mechanisms and to clinical
                 management, dealing with such issues as the theory of
                 reentry; the specific applications of various animal
                 models and their contribution to our understanding of
                 electrophysiologic, ionic, and molecular mechanisms;
                 the role of the autonomic nervous system and regional
                 factors; and the development of novel therapeutic
                 approaches. The complementary nature of animal research
                 and clinical investigation is emphasized and the
                 clinical relevance of findings in experimental models
                 is highlighted.",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 23 13:06:33 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat2005a,
  author =       "S. Nattel and A. Shiroshita-Takeshita and S. Cardin
                 and P. Pelletier",
  title =        "Mechanisms of atrial remodeling and clinical
                 relevance",
  journal =      "Curr Opin Cardiol",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--5",
  abstract =     "This paper reviews recent progress in understanding
                 atrial remodeling, as well as the consequent clinical
                 insights into atrial fibrillation pathophysiology and
                 treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Two principal forms of
                 remodeling have been described in animal models of
                 atrial fibrillation: ionic remodeling, which affects
                 cellular electrical properties, and structural
                 remodeling, which alters atrial tissue architecture.
                 Atrial tachycardias (particularly rapid
                 tachyarrhythmias such as atrial flutter and atrial
                 fibrillation) cause ionic remodeling, which decreases
                 the atrial refractory period and promotes atrial
                 reentry. Congestive heart failure produces atrial
                 interstitial fibrosis, which promotes arrhythmogenesis
                 by interfering with atrial conduction properties.
                 Recent animal studies have provided insights into the
                 pathways involved in remodeling, and have indicated the
                 pathophysiological role of remodeling in specific
                 contexts. In addition, work in animal models has
                 provided information about pharmacological
                 interventions that can prevent the development of
                 remodeling. Clinical studies have shown that novel
                 approaches to remodeling prevention identified in
                 animal work have potential therapeutic value in man.
                 SUMMARY: Understanding atrial remodeling has the
                 potential to improve our appreciation of the
                 pathophysiology of clinical atrial fibrillation and to
                 allow for the development of useful new therapeutic
                 approaches.",
  year =         "2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat2008,
  author =       "S. Nattel and B. Burstein and D. Dobrev",
  title =        "Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: mechanisms and
                 implications.",
  journal =      "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2008",
  month =        "Apr",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--73",
  robnote =       "",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 29 09:09:32 2010",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat90,
  author =       "S. Nattel and S. Ranger and M. Talajic and R. Lemery
                 and D. Roy",
  title =        "Erythromycin-induced long {QT} syndrome: {C}oncordance
                 with quinidine and underlying cellular
                 electrophysiologic mechanism.",
  journal =      j-AJM,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "235--8",
  robnote =      "LQTS, No hard copy",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Nat94,
  author =       "S. Nath and J. P. DiMarco",
  title =        "Postinfartion Arrythmias: Identification and Treatment
                 of High Risk Patients",
  key =          "VT causes",
  booktitle =    "Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Perioperative
                 Considerations",
  publisher =    pub-JB,
  year =         "1994",
  editor =       "Carl Lynch III",
  chapter =      "7",
  pages =        "205--217",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat94a,
  author =       "S. Nath and J. A. Redick and J. G. Whayne and D. E.
                 Haines",
  title =        "Ultrastructural observations in the myocardium beyond
                 the region of acute coagulation necrosis following
                 radiofrequency catheter ablation",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "838--45",
  year =         "1994",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat95,
  author =       "A. Natale and Tomassoni G. and M. Brandon and M.
                 Kearney and M. Brandon and M. Geiger and H. Barold and
                 K. Newby",
  title =        "Catheter ablation approach on the right side only for
                 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation therapy.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "I-266",
  robnote =      "atrial fibrillation, catheter abalation",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat98,
  author =       "S. Nattel and L. Liu and D. St-Georges",
  title =        "Effects of the novel antiarrhythmic agent azimilide on
                 experimental atrial fibrillation and atrial
                 electrophysiologic properties.",
  journal =      j-CAR,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "627--35",
  robnote =      "This study was designed to evaluate how the atrial
                 electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of
                 azimilide compare with those of the specific rapid
                 delayed rectifier (IKr) blocker dofetilide. Dose
                 regimens producing stable effects over time were
                 developed, and two dose levels of azimilide (10 and
                 then 20 mg/kg) or dofetilide (0.08 and then 0.16 mg/kg)
                 were administered to morphine/chloralose-anesthetized
                 dogs during sustained vagal atrial fibrillation (AF).
                 Epicardial mapping was used to measure conduction
                 velocity and AF cycle length. While dofetilide had
                 strong reverse use-dependent effects on atrial ERP
                 (e.g. at lower doses, dofetilide increased ERP by 51
                 +/- 3\% at a basic cycle length, BCL, of 400 ms and by
                 17 +/- 3\% at a BCL of 200 ms), LQTS, No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Nat99,
  author =       "S. Nattel",
  title =        "Atrial electrophysiological remodeling caused by rapid
                 atrial activation: underlying mechanisms and clinical
                 relevance to atrial fibrillation",
  journal =      "Cardiovasc Res",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "298--308",
  abstract =     "One of the most exciting developments in our
                 understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) over the last
                 several years has been the recognition that AF itself
                 modifies atrial electrical properties in a way that
                 promotes the occurrence and maintenance of the
                 arrhythmia, a process termed 'atrial remodeling'. The
                 principle stimulus for AF-induced atrial remodeling is
                 the rapid atrial rate that results: rapid regular
                 atrial pacing produces changes similar to those caused
                 by AF in animal models. The mechanisms of atrial
                 tachycardia-induced remodeling have been extensively
                 explored, and involve changes in atrial
                 electrophysiology associated with altered ion channel
                 function. The most important ionic change is a
                 reduction in L-type Ca2+ current, which reduces action
                 potential duration (APD) and APD adaptation to rate.
                 AF-induced changes in ion channel function appear to be
                 due both to rapid voltage- and time-dependent
                 alterations in channel availability caused by
                 tachycardia and to slower downregulation of messenger
                 RNA concentrations encoding alpha-subunits of specific
                 ion channels. Atrial remodeling likely contributes
                 importantly to a wide variety of clinical phenomena of
                 previously unrecognized mechanism, including atrial
                 dysfunction after cardioversion of AF, the increasing
                 resistance to therapy of longer-standing AF, the
                 association of AF with other forms of supraventricular
                 tachyarrhythmia and the tendency of paroxysmal AF to
                 become chronic. The present paper reviews the state of
                 knowledge regarding the mechanisms and clinical
                 consequences for AF of atrial remodeling caused by
                 rapid atrial activation.",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Ndr95,
  author =       "G. Ndrepepa and E.B. Caref and H Yin and N. El-Sherif
                 and M. Restivo",
  title =        "Activation time determination by high-resolution
                 unipolar and bipolar extracellulcar electrograms",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "174--188",
  robnote =      "A very nice study into the relationship between
                 activation, fiber orientation, and electrode locations
                 in determining activation times. There are no
                 biophysical models for evaluating bipolar electrograms
                 and so the authors take an experimental approach and
                 compare activation by unipolar recordings (the gold
                 standard) to a variety of different bipolar
                 measurements. They show that which feature of the
                 bipolar signal best indicates activation depends on
                 nature of propagation, waveform morphology and
                 orientation of bipolar relatvie to fiber direction and
                 direction of propagation. They suggest that the reason
                 unipolar recordings are not always the best practical
                 tool is that they are so effected by remote events in
                 cases of poor local conduction.",
}

@Article{RSM:Nee2005,
  author =       "S. Neeper",
  title =        "Packing it all in: curricul for biomedical computing",
  journal =      "Biomed. Computation Rev.",
  year =         "2005",
  pages =        "7--13",
  robnote =      "review article of biomedical computing programs
                 www.biomedicalcomputationreivew.org",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 30 11:48:07 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Neh76,
  author =       "E. Neher and B. Sakmann",
  title =        "Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of
                 denervated frog muscle fibres.",
  journal =      "Nature",
  year =         "1976",
  month =        "Apr",
  volume =       "260",
  number =       "5554",
  pages =        "799--802",
  robnote =       "The 1991 Nobel prize winners",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 21 15:04:14 2012",
}

@Article{RSM:Neh78,
  author =       "E. Neher and B. Sakmann and J.H. Steinbach",
  title =        "The Extracellular Patch Clamp: {A} Method for
                 Resolving Currents through Individual Open Channels in
                 Biological Membranes",
  journal =      j-PAP,
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "37",
  pages =        "219--228",
  robnote =      ", CellPhysiol017",
}

@Article{RSM:Nel90,
  author =       "C.V. Nelson and E.T. Angelakos and A. Bonner and B.C.
                 Hodgkin",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic effects of experimental
                 myocardial infarction in pigs",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "137--145",
  robnote =      "A look at the effects of 10-day old infarcts on VCG
                 parameters in pigs. They see changes, then speculate on
                 the anatomical links based on classic VCG analysis.",
}

@Article{RSM:Nen2001,
  author =       "J. Nenonen and K. Pesola and H. H{\"a}nninen and K.
                 Lauerma and P. Takala and T. M{\"a}kel{\"a} and M.
                 M{\"a}kij{\"a}rvi and J. Knuuti and L. Toivonen and T.
                 Katila",
  title =        "Current-density estimation of exercise-induced
                 ischemia in patients with multivessel coronary artery
                 disease",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "(suppl)",
  pages =        "(in press)",
  robnote =         "Jukka's isce paper",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 29 16:59:23 2001",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Nen90,
  author =       "J. Nenonen",
  title =        "{3D} {L}aplacian Interpolation",
  robnote =         "internal report",
  year =         "1990",
  scimonth =     "Jukka's testing of the 3D interpolation scheme
                 proposed by Oostendorp and Co",
}

@Article{RSM:Nen91,
  author =       "J. Nenonen and T. Katila and M. Leinio and M.
                 Makijarvi and P. Siltanen",
  title =        "Magnetocardiographic functional localization using a
                 current dipole in a realistic torso",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "",
}

@Article{RSM:Nes2014,
  author =       "K.A. Nestor and J.D. Jones and C.R. Butson and T.
                 Morishita and 4th Jacobson CE and D.A. Peace and D. Chen
                 and K.D. Foote and M.S. Okun",
  title =        "Coordinate-based lead location does not predict
                 Parkinson's disease deep brain stimulation outcome.",
  journal =      "PLoS One",
  year =         "2014",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "e93524",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Effective target regions for deep brain
                 stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been
                 well characterized. We sought to study whether the
                 measured Cartesian coordinates of an implanted DBS lead
                 are predictive of motor outcome(s). We tested the
                 hypothesis that the position and trajectory of the DBS
                 lead relative to the mid-commissural point (MCP) are
                 significant predictors of clinical outcomes.
                 The results of the study showed that
                 a simple measure of the position of the DBS lead relative
                 to the MCP is not significantly correlated with PD motor
                 outcomes, presumably because this method fails to account
                 for individual neuroanatomical variability. However, there
                 is broad agreement that motor outcomes depend strongly on
                 lead location. The results suggest the need for more
                 detailed identification of stimulation location relative
                 to anatomical targets. ",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 25 06:53:32 2014",
  pmcid =        "PMC3972103",
}

@Article{RSM:New88,
  author =       "J.C. Newell and D.G. Gisser and D. Isaacson",
  title =        "An electric current tomograph",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "828--823",
  robnote =      "electric impedance tomography",
}

@Article{RSM:New88b,
  author =       "J. Newcombe and M.L. Cuzner",
  title =        "Monoclonal Antibody 14{E} Identifies the
                 Oligodendrocyte Cell Body in Normal Adult Human and Rat
                 White Matter",
  journal =      "J Neuroimmunol.",
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "11--20",
  robnote =      "Another of Louise's papers., GenPhysiol030",
}

@Book{RSM:New99,
  author = "M.E.J. Newman and G.T. Barkema",
  title = "Monte Carlo Methods in Statistical Physics",
  publisher = "Oxford University Press",
  address = "New York",
  year = "1999"
}

@Article{RSM:Ngu2003,
  author =       "T. D. Nguyen and A. Nuval and S. Mulukutla and Y.
                 Wang",
  title =        "Direct monitoring of coronary artery motion with
                 cardiac fat navigator echoes",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Med",
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "235--41",
  year =         "2003",
}

@Article{RSM:Ngu86,
  author =       "T.V. Nguyen and J. Sklansky",
  title =        "Computing the Skeleton of Coronary Arteries in
                 Cineangiograms",
  journal =      j-CBR,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "428--444",
  robnote =      "Another paper about using computers to track the
                 outline of coronary arteries from the angiograms
                 recorded from them. Digital image processing, digital
                 angiography., Ischemia075",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Ni2000,
  author =       "Quan Ni",
  title =        "Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Information in
                 Electric Activity of the Heart",
  school =       "University of Utah",
  year =         "2000",
  robnote =      "Quan's thesis",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 18 12:24:16 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Ni2000b,
  author =       "Q. Ni and R.S. MacLeod and B.B. Punske and B.
                 Taccardi",
  title =        "Computing and Visualizing Electric Potentials and
                 Current Pathways in the Thorax",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2000",
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "189--198",
  robnote =      "2000 ISCE (Yosemite) paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Ni97,
  author =       "Q. Ni and R.S. MacLeod and R.L. Lux and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Interpolation of cardiac electric potentials",
  volume =       "25",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "61",
  note =         "Biomed. Eng. Soc. Annual Fall Meeting",
  year =         "1997",
  publisher =    "Blackwell Science, Inc.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 22 14:43:28 1997",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Ni97b,
  author =       "Q. Ni.",
  title =        "Interpolation and approximation of scattered data",
  note =         "Technical report",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 25 00:13:36 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Ni98,
  author =       "Q. Ni and R.S. MacLeod and R.L. Lux and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "A novel interpolation method for electric potential
                 fields in the heart during excitation",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "597--607",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 22 14:41:57 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Ni99,
  author =       "Q. Ni and R.S. MacLeod and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Three-Dimensional Activation Mapping in Canine
                 Ventricles: Interpolation and Approximation of
                 Activation Times",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "617--626",
  robnote =      "Quan's second paper on the activation time
                 interpolation.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 10 23:07:38 1999",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ni99b,
  author =       "Q. Ni and R.S. Mac{L}eod and R.L. Lux and B.
                 Taccardi",
  title =        "Estimation of Three Dimensional Electric Potential
                 Fields in the Heart",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "1190",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS99,
  year =         "1999",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "Atlanta, GA, USA",
}

@Article{RSM:Nic87,
  author =       "M. Nichols",
  title =        "A Laser to Lighten the Heart",
  journal =      "MacLean's",
  year =         "1987",
  month =        aug,
  pages =        "45--45",
  robnote =      "The MacLean's article describing the project with
                 Laser angioplasty, the excimer laser, and Dr. Wilbert
                 J. Keon and Dr. Lyall Higginson. Ottawa Heart Institute
                 and NRC worked together to develop a new pulsed laser
                 system which is supposed to work better than earlier
                 laser systems and even the balloon. PTCA.,
                 Ischemia048",
}

@Article{RSM:Nic89,
  author =       "P. Nicolas and M. Kouwenhoven",
  title =        "Spatial Filtering in Multichannel
                 Magnetoencephalography",
  journal =      "??",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "??",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =      "Has some general equations on volume conductor
                 problems but it bogs down pretty quickly and I doubt
                 will be of much use. BSPM074",
}

@Article{RSM:Nie2007,
  author =       "S. Nielles-Vallespin and M. A. Weber and M. Bock and
                 A. Bongers and P. Speier and S. E. Combs and J. Wohrle
                 and F. Lehmann-Horn and M. Essig and L. R. Schad",
  title =        "3{D} radial projection technique with ultrashort echo
                 times for sodium {MRI}: clinical applications in human
                 brain and skeletal muscle",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Med",
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--81",
  year =         "2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Nie2007b,
  author =       "B.F. Nielsen and X. Cai and M. Lysaker",
  title =        "On the possibility for computing the transmembrane
                 potential in the heart with a one shot method: An
                 inverse problem",
  journal =      "Mathematical Biosciences",
  year =         "2007",
  volume =       "210",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "523--553",
  month =        dec,
  doi =          "10.1016/j.mbs.2007.06.003",
  language =     "English",
  date-added =   "2011-10-18T02:23:34GMT+00:00",
}

@Article{RSM:Nie2018,
  author =       "J.D. Nielsen and K.H. Madsen and O. Puonti and H.R.
                 Siebner and C. Bauer and C.G. Madsen and G.B. Saturnino
                 and A. Thielscher",
  title =        "Automatic skull segmentation from MR images for
                 realistic volume conductor models of the head:
                 Assessment of the state-of-the-art.",
  journal =      "Neuroimage",
  year =         "2018",
  month =        jul,
  volume =       "174",
  pages =        "587--598",
  robnote =      "Anatomically realistic volume conductor models of the
                 human head are important for accurate forward modeling
                 of the electric field during transcranial brain
                 stimulation (TBS), electro- (EEG) and
                 magnetoencephalography (MEG). In particular, the skull
                 compartment exerts a strong influence on the field
                 distribution due to its low conductivity, suggesting
                 the need to represent its geometry accurately. However,
                 automatic skull reconstruction from structural magnetic
                 resonance (MR) images is difficult, as compact bone has
                 a very low signal in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
                 Here, we evaluate three methods for skull segmentation,
                 namely FSL BET2, the unified segmentation routine of
                 SPM12 with extended spatial tissue priors, and the
                 skullfinder tool of BrainSuite. To our knowledge, this
                 study is the first to rigorously assess the accuracy of
                 these state-of-the-art tools by comparison with
                 CT-based skull segmentations on a group of ten
                 subjects. We demonstrate several key factors that
                 improve the segmentation quality, including the use of
                 multi-contrast MRI data, the optimization of the MR
                 sequences and the adaptation of the parameters of the
                 segmentation methods. We conclude that FSL and SPM12
                 achieve better skull segmentations than BrainSuite. The
                 former methods obtain reasonable results for the upper
                 part of the skull when a combination of T1- and
                 T2-weighted images is used as input. The SPM12-based
                 results can be improved slightly further by means of
                 simple morphological operations to fix local defects.
                 In contrast to FSL BET2, the SPM12-based segmentation
                 with extended spatial tissue priors and the
                 BrainSuite-based segmentation provide coarse
                 reconstructions of the vertebrae, enabling the
                 construction of volume conductor models that include
                 the neck. We exemplarily demonstrate that the extended
                 models enable a more accurate estimation of the
                 electric field distribution during transcranial direct
                 current stimulation (tDCS) for montages that involve
                 extraencephalic electrodes. The methods provided by FSL
                 and SPM12 are integrated into pipelines for the
                 automatic generation of realistic head models based on
                 tetrahedral meshes, which are distributed as part of
                 the open-source software package SimNIBS for field
                 calculations for transcranial brain stimulation.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 13 21:04:40 2019",
}

@Article{RSM:Nie91,
  author =       "G.M. Nielson and T.A. Foley and B. Hamann and D.
                 Lane",
  title =        "Visualizing and Modelling Scattered Multivariate
                 Data",
  journal =      j-CGA,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47--55",
  month =        may,
  robnote =      "A paper from the Arizona State graphics group,
                 scientific visualization of three-dimensional data",
}

@Article{RSM:Nie91b,
  author =       "P.M.F Nielsen and I.J. Le Grice and B.H. Smaill and
                 P.J. Hunter",
  title =        "Mathematical Model of geometry and fibrous structure
                 of the heart",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "260",
  pages =        "H1365--H1378",
  robnote =      "the original Hunter heart reference, propagation,
                 modeling, finite elements",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Nie91c,
  author =       "G.M. Nielson and B. Hamann",
  title =        "The asymptotic decider: {R}esolving the ambiguity in
                 marching cubes",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IEEE Visualization 91",
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "83--90",
  publisher =    "IEEE CS Press",
  address =      "Los Alamitos, Calif.",
  robnote =      "A look at some details of the marching cube algorithm,
                 used to extract contours or isosurfaces from data.",
}

@Article{RSM:Nik86,
  author =       "C.L. Nikias and M.R. Raghuveer and J.H. Siegel and M.
                 Fabian",
  title =        "The Zero-Delay Wavenumber Spectrum Estimation for the
                 Analysis of Array {ECG} Signals --- An Alternative to
                 Isopotential Mapping",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "33",
  pages =        "435--452",
  robnote =      "thesis, zdws BSPM002",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Nik86b,
  author =       "C.L. Nikias and T.Y. Shen and J.H. Siegel",
  title =        "Frequency-Wavenumber Inverse Model for
                 Electrocardiography",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 8th
                 Annual International Conference",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "307--310",
  robnote =      "The paper I saw present in Fort Worth on the inverse
                 solution in the frequency domain. thesis,
                 TorsoModel066",
}

@Book{RSM:Nob75,
  author =       "D. Noble",
  title =        "The Initiation of the Heartbeat",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Clarendon Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1975",
  robnote =      "A basic book which really must be read if one wants to
                 look at cellular electrophysiology of the heart. It
                 covers some of the early models, has a bit of info on
                 voltage clamp and other techniques and, while a bit
                 dated now, is simply too important not to read.,
                 CellPhysiol084",
}

@Article{RSM:Nob84,
  author =       "D. Noble",
  title =        "The Surprising Heart: {A} Review of Recent Progress in
                 Cardiac Electrophysiology",
  journal =      j-JP,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "35",
  pages =        "1--50",
  robnote =      "no comment necessary, CellPhysiol044",
}

@Article{RSM:Nob87,
  author =       "D. Noble",
  title =        "Experimental and Theoretical Work on Excitation and
                 Excitation- Contraction Coupling in the Heart",
  journal =      "Experientia",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "1146--1150",
  robnote =      "sodium/calcium exchange, excitation contraction
                 coupling, cardiac modelling. A Denis Noble review of
                 some interesting topics., CardCell012",
}

@Article{RSM:Noo9?,
  author =       "D. Noonan",
  title =        "The heart of the matter",
  journal =      "Sports Illustrated?",
  year =         "??",
  robnote =      "Not sure of the source of this one, but it is lay
                 article on athletes hearts and heart disease,
                 infract,",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 12 22:03:24 1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Nor2007,
  author =       "R.A. Normann",
  title =        "Technology insight: future neuroprosthetic therapies for
                 disorders of the nervous system.",
  journal =      "Nat Clin Pract Neurol",
  year =         "2007",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "444--452",
  robnote =      "The active tips of these microelectrode arrays
                 penetrate the nervous tissues and abut against small
                 populations of neurons or nerve fibers, thereby providing
                 selective access to these cells. These electrode arrays
                 are not only beginning to provide researchers with the
                 ability to better study the spatiotemporal information
                 processing performed by the nervous system, they can also
                 form the basis for new therapies for disorders of the
                 nervous system. In this Review, three examples of this new
                 generation of microelectrode arrays are described, as are
                 potential therapeutic applications in blindness and spinal
                 cord injury, and for the control of prosthetic limbs.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 25 21:02:04 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Nor2009,
  author =       "D. Nori and G. Raff and V. Gupta and R. Gentry and J.
                 Boura and D.E. Haines",
  title =        "Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging assessment of regional
                 and global left atrial function before and after catheter
                 ablation for atrial fibrillation.",
  journal =      "J Interv Card Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Jul",
  pages =        "21",
  robnote =      "We sought to evaluate the
                 effect that AF ablation procedures has on global and
                 regional wall motion as assessed by cardiovascular
                 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
		 Imaging revealed a significant reduction in
                 LA volumes in AF patients post-PVAI. In the subset of
                 patients with persistent AF, post-PVAI improvements were
                 seen in global (p < 0.01) and regional LA functions (p =
                 0.01). In the paroxysmal AF patients, post-PVAI
                 measurements revealed decreases in LA transport function
                 (p = 0.02) as well as diminished regional function in the
                 LA lateral wall (p = 0.02). The paroxysmal AF patients had
                 global and regional LA functions comparable to the normal
                 volunteers prior to ablation; however, these were
                 significantly diminished post ablation. CONCLUSION:
                 Extensive ablation during PVAI causes mild deterioration
                 in LA function. However, in patients with a high burden of
                 AF, it appears that the positive remodeling that occurs
                 with rhythm restoration outweighs any negative effects of
                 ablation.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 5 05:20:20 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Nor2011,
  author =       "P. Nordbeck and K.H. Hiller and F. Fidler and M. Warmuth
                 and N. Burkard and M. Nahrendorf and P.M. Jakob and H.H.
                 Quick and G. Ertl and W.R. Bauer and O. Ritter",
  title =        "Feasibility of contrast enhanced and non-enhanced {MRI}
                 for intra- and postprocedural lesion visualization in
                 interventional electrophysiology: animal studies and
                 early delineation of isthmus ablation lesions in
                 patients with typical atrial flutter",
  journal =      j-CCI,
  year =         "2011",
  month =        mar,
}

@Article{RSM:Nor85,
  author =       "P.S. Norman",
  title =        "Newer antihistaminic agents.",
  journal =      "J Allergy Clin Immunol",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "76",
  number =       "2 Pt 2",
  pages =        "366--8",
  robnote =      "Two new antihistamines with properties different from
                 those of currently available drugs are nearing
                 licensure. Named terfenidine and astemizole, they are
                 almost exclusively H1- antagonists, lacking
                 anticholinergic and sympathetic activity. They fail to
                 penetrate the central nervous system and lack sedative
                 effects. They are long-acting and require less frequent
                 doses. Thus they allow sustained antihistaminic action
                 without the usual side effects. Mike suggested
                 something like this to combine with MK-499 to induce
                 TdP. LQTS, No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Nor95,
  author =       "R.A. Normann",
  title =        "Visual Neuroprosthetics - Functional Vision for the
                 Blind",
  journal =      "IEEE Eng. in Med. \& Biol. Mag.",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "77",
  robnote =      "Dick Normann's article about his research on vision",
}

@Article{RSM:Nos2012,
  author = 	 "B.A. Nosek and Y. Bar-Anan",
  title = 	 "Scientific Utopia: I. Opening Scientific Communication",
  journal = 	 "Psychological Inquiry",
  year = 	 2012,
  volume = 	 23,
  number = 	 3,
  pages = 	 "217--243",
  Robnote = 	 "An article about open science concepts."
}

@Article{RSM:Nov2008,
  author =       "I.L. Novak and B.M. Slepchenko and A. Mogilner",
  title =        "Quantitative analysis of G-actin transport in motile
                 cells.",
  journal =      j-BJ,
  year =         "2008",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1627--1638",
  robnote =      "Cell migration is based on an actin treadmill, which in
                 turn depends on recycling of G-actin across the cell, from
                 the rear where F-actin disassembles, to the front, where
                 F-actin polymerizes. To analyze the rates of the actin
                 transport, we used the Virtual Cell software to solve the
                 diffusion-drift-reaction equations for the G-actin
                 concentration in a realistic three-dimensional geometry of
                 the motile cell. ",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 14 14:51:09 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Nun94,
  author =       "P.L. Nunez and A.F. Westdorp",
  title =        "The surface {L}aplacian, high resolution {EEG} and
                 controversies",
  journal =      "Brain Tomography",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "221--226",
  robnote =      "nice overview of the practical and theoretical aspects
                 of EEG mapping and the use of laplacian and gradient
                 mapping, brain mapping",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 12 11:21:18 1998",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Nys86,
  author =       "E. Nyssen",
  title =        "Body surface potential mapping: {I}n search for
                 techniques improving its clinical application",
  school =       "unkown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1986",
  robnote =      "BSPM",
}

@Article{RSM:OBr89,
  author =       "K.M. O'Brien and A.F. Gmitro and G.R. Gindi and M.L.
                 Stetz and F.W. Cutruzzola and L.I. Laifer and L.I.
                 Deckelbaum",
  title =        "Development and Evaluation of Spectral Classification
                 Algorithms for Fluorescence Guided Laser Angioplasty",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "36",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "424--431",
  robnote =      "A way to guide the catheter in and position it for
                 laser angioplasty. The system is still preliminary but
                 could be interesting., PTCA017",
}

@Article{RSM:ONe88,
  author =       "M.A. O'Neill",
  title =        "Faster Than Fast Fourier",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1988",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "293--300",
  robnote =      "A neat system of performing signal transformation,
                 supposedly faster than the FFT, although a follow up
                 letter places that in some doubt. Hartley transform.
                 Includes also a letter in response to the article from
                 a later edition of Byte., SigProc001",
}

@Article{RSM:ORe91,
  author =       "B. O'Reilly",
  title =        "How to have a heart attack",
  journal =      "Fortune",
  year =         "1991",
  month =        dec,
  robnote =      "A practical article on heart attacks, what they are
                 and how to avoid them, MI, ischemia, infarct",
}

@Article{RSM:Oak2009,
  author =       "R.S. Oakes and T.J. Badger and E.G. Kholmovski and N.M.
                 Segerson and N.S. Burgon and E.N. Fish and J.E. Blauer
                 and S.N. Rao and E.V.R. DiBella and and N. Akoum M.
                 Daccarett and J. Winfelder and C.J. McGann and D.
                 Parker and R.S. MacLeod and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Detection and Quantification of Left Atrial Structural
                 Remodeling Using Delayed Enhancement {MRI} in Patients
                 with Atrial Fibrillation",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         2009,
  volume =       "119",
  number =	 "13",
  pages =	 "1758--1767",
  robnote =      "afib big paper on fibrosis detection with DE-MRI",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 25 08:51:53 2008",
  pmcid =        "PMC2725019",
}

@TechReport{RSM:Obe2003,
  author =       "W.L. Oberkampf and T.G. Trucano and C. Hirsch",
  title =        "Verification, Validation, and Predictive Capability in
                 Computational Engineering and Physics",
  institution =  "Sandia National Labs",
  year =         "2003",
  number =       "SAND2003-3769",
  robnote =      "verification and validation strategies
                 www.osti.gov/gpo/servlets/purl/809603-5drfgj/native/",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 15 08:12:57 2005",
}

@Book{RSM:Obe2010,
  author = 	 "W.L. Oberkamp and C.J. Roy",
  title = 	 "Verification and Validation in Scientific Computing",
  publisher = 	 "Cambridge University Press",
  year = 	 2010}

@InProceedings{RSM:Obe98,
  author =       "W.L. Oberkampf and K.V. Diegert and K.F. Alvin and
                 B.M. Rutherford",
  title =        "Uncertainty and error in computational simulations",
  booktitle =    "ASME/AIAA Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer
                 Conference",
  year =         "1998",
  robnote =      "verification and validation strategies",
  bibdate =      "Thu Feb 03 12:16:12 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Odw97,
  author =       "J. O'Dwyer and P. Evans",
  title =        "Triangular Element Refinement in Automatic Adaptive
                 Mesh Generation",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans. Mag..",
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "1740",
  robnote =      "tesellation mesh refinement",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 29 23:03:24 1998",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Ogd87,
  author =       "D.C. Ogden and P.R. Stanfield",
  title =        "Introduction to Single Channel Recordinmg",
  booktitle =    "Microelectrode Techniques: The Plymouth Workshop
                 Handbook",
  editor =       "N.B. Standen and P.T.A. Gray and M.J. Whitaker",
  publisher =    "Company of Biologists Ltd.",
  address =      "Dept of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
                 England.",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "63--82",
  robnote =      "A chapter on single channel, patch clamp recording.
                 Again, a good balance of theory and practice to make
                 the whole thing readable and enjoyable.,
                 CellPhysiol087",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Ogd87b,
  author =       "D.C. Ogden",
  title =        "Microelectrode Electronics",
  booktitle =    "Microelectrode Techniques: The Plymouth Workshop
                 Handbook",
  editor =       "N.B. Standen and P.T.A. Gray and M.J. Whitaker",
  publisher =    "Company of Biologists Ltd.",
  address =      "Dept of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
                 England.",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "199--228",
  robnote =      "This chapter is on the electronics in the lab and is
                 so simply written as to be understandable by almost
                 anyone. Goes through op- amps, and all the components
                 of a modern voltage clamp setup. Located as
                 CellPhysiol088., Electronics029",
}

@article{RSM:Ogu2016,
  title =       {Entropy-based particle correspondence for shape populations},
  author=       {Oguz, Ipek and Cates, Josh and Datar, Manasi and Paniagua,
                  Beatriz and Fletcher, Thomas and Vachet, Clement and Styner,
                  Martin and Whitaker, Ross},
  journal=       "Int. J Comp. Assist.  Radiol. \& Surg.",
  volume =       {11},
  number =       {7},
  pages =        {1221--1232},
  year =        {2016},
  publisher =   {Springer},
  robnote =     "Shapeworks reference"
}

@Article{RSM:Oh2006,
  author =       "S. Oh and Y. Zhang and S. Bibevski and N.F. Marrouche
                 and A. Natale and T.N. Mazgalev",
  title =        "Vagal denervation and atrial fibrillation
                 inducibility: epicardial fat pad ablation does not have
                 long-term effects.",
  journal =      j-HR,
  year =         "2006",
  month =        jun,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "701--708",
  robnote =      "afib, BACKGROUND: Major epicardial fat pads contain
                 cardiac ganglionated plexi of the autonomic,
                 predominantly vagal nerves. Vagal denervation may
                 improve the success rate of atrial fibrillation (AF)
                 treatment. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to
                 elucidate the long-term effects of fat pad ablation on
                 the electrophysiologic characteristics of the atrium
                 and AF inducibility. METHODS: Six mongrel dogs were
                 studied. Cervical vagal stimulation was applied to
                 determine effects on the sinus node, AV node, atrial
                 effective refractory period (AERP), and AF
                 inducibility. AERP and AF inducibility were evaluated
                 at both the right atrial and left atrial appendages and
                 at the right atrial and left atrial free walls.
                 Radiofrequency energy was delivered epicardially to the
                 entire areas of two major fat pads: right pulmonary
                 vein fat pad and inferior vena cava-left atrium fat
                 pad. Cervical vagal stimulation then was applied to
                 confirm the acute effects of fat pad ablation. The same
                 evaluation was repeated 4 weeks later. RESULTS: The
                 effects of vagal stimulation on the sinus node, AV
                 node, and AERP were significantly eliminated
                 immediately after fat pad ablation. However, these
                 denervation effects disappeared after 4 weeks. At
                 baseline, AF inducibility was increased by vagal
                 stimulation (right atrial appendage: 72\% +/- 31\% vs
                 4.8\% +/- 12\%; right atrial free wall: 75\% +/- 31\%
                 vs 0.0\% +/- 0.0\%; left atrial appendage: 60\% +/-
                 29\% vs 0.0\% +/- 0.0\%; left atrial free wall: 65\%
                 +/- 42\% vs 0.0\% +/- 0.0\%). Fat pad ablation
                 significantly reduced this vagal stimulation effect
                 (8.3\% +/- 20\%, 10\% +/- 22\%, 17\% +/- 29\%, and 25\%
                 +/- 29\%, respectively). However, similar to baseline,
                 AF inducibility was strongly augmented by vagal
                 stimulation 4 weeks after fat pad ablation (96\% +/-
                 10\%, 100\% +/- 0.0\%, 100\% +/- 0.0\%, and 95\% +/-
                 11\%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency fat pad
                 ablation may not achieve long-term suppression of AF
                 induction in this canine model.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 12 12:01:02 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Oka56,
  author =       "R.H. Okada",
  title =        "Potentials produced by an eccentric current dipole in
                 a finite-length circular conducting cylinder",
  journal =      "IRE Trans. Med. Electron.",
  year =         "1956",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "14--19",
  robnote =      "no hard copy. reference to early dipole source forward
                 solutions.",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 30 08:00:03 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Oka68,
  author =       "M. Okajima and T. Fujino and T. Kobayashi and K.
                 Yamada",
  title =        "Computer simulation of the propagation process in
                 excitation of the ventricles.",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1968",
  month =        aug,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "203--211",
  robnote =      "",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 8 18:24:04 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Oke92,
  author =       "B. O'Kelly and W.S. Browner and B. Massie and J. Tubau
                 and L. Ngo and D.T. Mangano",
  title =        "Ventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing
                 noncardiac surgery",
  journal =      j-JAMA,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "268",
  pages =        "217--221",
  robnote =      "Part 2 of a pair on this topic, perioperative
                 ischemia",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 31 16:18:37 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Oki95,
  author =       "P.M. Okin and P. Kligfield",
  title =        "Heart rate adjustment of {ST} segment depression and
                 performance of the exercise electrocardiogram: a
                 critical evaluation.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1995",
  month =        jun,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1726--1735",
  robnote =      "Analysis of the rate-related change in
                 exercise-induced ST segment depression using the
                 exercise ST segment/heart rate slope and ST
                 segment/heart rate index can improve the accuracy of
                 the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) for the
                 identification of patients with coronary artery
                 disease, recognition of patients with anatomically or
                 functionally severe coronary obstruction and detection
                 of patients at increased risk for future coronary
                 events. These methods provide a more physiologic
                 approach to analysis of the ST segment response to
                 exercise by adjusting the apparent severity of ischemia
                 for the corresponding increase in myocardial oxygen
                 demand, which in turn can be linearly related to
                 increasing heart rate. Solid-angle theory provides a
                 model for the linear relation of ST segment depression
                 to heart rate during exercise and a framework for
                 understanding the relation of the ST segment/heart rate
                 slope to the presence and extent of coronary artery
                 disease. False positive and false negative test results
                 of the heart rate-adjusted methods are well known in
                 selected populations and require further clarification.
                 Application of these methods is also highly dependent
                 on the type of exercise protocol, number of ECG leads
                 examined, timing of ST segment measurement relative to
                 the J point and accuracy and precision of ST segment
                 measurement. These methodologic details have been an
                 important limitation to test application when
                 traditional protocols and measurement procedures are
                 required. When applied with attention to required
                 details, the heart rate-adjusted methods can improve
                 the usefulness of the exercise ECG in a range of
                 clinically relevant populations.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 20 12:27:47 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Oki96,
  author =       "P.M. Okin and G. Grandits and P.M. Rautaharju and R.J.
                 Prineas and J.D. Cohen and R.S. Crow and P. Kligfield",
  title =        "Prognostic value of heart rate adjustment of
                 exercise-induced {ST} segment depression in the
                 multiple risk factor intervention trial.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1996",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1437--1443",
  robnote =      "OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the effect of heart
                 rate adjustment of ST segment depression on risk
                 stratification for the prediction of death from
                 coronary artery disease. BACKGROUND: Standard analysis
                 of the ST segment response to exercise based on a fixed
                 magnitude of horizontal or downsloping ST segment
                 depression has demonstrated only limited diagnostic
                 sensitivity for the detection of coronary artery
                 disease and has variable test performance in predicting
                 coronary artery disease mortality. Heart rate
                 adjustment of the magnitude of ST segment depression
                 has been proposed as an alternative approach to
                 increase the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of the
                 exercise electrocardiogram (ECG). METHODS: Exercise
                 ECGs were performed in 5,940 men from the Usual Care
                 Group of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial at
                 entry into the study. An abnormal ST segment response
                 to exercise was defined according to standard criteria
                 as > or = 100 micro V of additional horizontal or
                 downsloping ST segment depression at peak exercise. The
                 ST segment/heart rate index was calculated by dividing
                 the change in ST segment depression from rest to peak
                 exercise by the exercise-induced change in heart rate.
                 An abnormal ST segment/heart rate index was defined as
                 >1.60 micro V/beats per min. RESULTS: After a mean
                 follow-up of 7 years there were 109 coronary artery
                 disease deaths. Using a Cox proportional hazards model,
                 a positive exercise ECG by standard criteria was not
                 predictive of coronary mortality",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 00:46:29 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Oki96a,
  author =       "K. Okishige and K. Yamashita and H. Yoshinaga and K.
                 Azegami and T. Satoh and Y. Goseki and S. Fujii and H.
                 Ohira and S. Satake",
  title =        "Electrophysiologic effects of ischemic preconditioning
                 on {QT} dispersion during coronary angioplasty",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "70--73",
}

@Article{RSM:Oki97,
  author =       "P.M. Okin and R.J. Prineas and G. Grandits and P.M.
                 Rautaharju and J.D. Cohen and R.S. Crow and P.
                 Kligfield",
  title =        "Heart rate adjustment of exercise-induced {ST}-segment
                 depression identifies men who benefit from a risk
                 factor reduction program.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2899--3704",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Whether subjects identified as being at
                 increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death by
                 heart rate adjustment of exercise-induced ST-segment
                 depression will benefit from therapy aimed at reducing
                 risk factors has not been examined. METHODS AND
                 RESULTS: Exercise ECGs were performed in 11,880 men
                 from the Usual Care (UC) and Special Intervention (SI)
                 groups of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
                 UC men were referred to customary sources of care in
                 the community; SI men received counseling on smoking
                 cessation and dietary reduction of cholesterol, and
                 stepped-care therapy for hypertension. An abnormal
                 ST-segment response to exercise was defined according
                 to standard criteria as > or = 100 microV of additional
                 horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression and by
                 an ST-segment/heart rate (ST/HR) index >1.60
                 microV/bpm. After 7 years of follow-up, CHD mortality
                 was significantly lower in SI than UC men with an
                 abnormal ST/HR index (2.4\%, 19/786 versus 5.3\%,
                 39/729, P=.005) but was comparable in SI and UC men
                 with a normal ST/HR index (1.6\%, 84/5154 versus 1.3\%,
                 70/5211, P=NS). Risk reduction in SI men with an
                 abnormal ST/HR index was independent of age and other
                 cardiac risk factors. In contrast, there was no
                 significant difference in CHD death rate between the
                 smaller groups of SI and UC men with an abnormal test
                 by standard criteria (3.6\%, 7/192 versus 2.7\%, 5/186,
                 P=NS). CONCLUSIONS: An abnormal ST/HR index identifies
                 men in whom therapy aimed at reducing CHD risk factors
                 reduces the risk of CHD death by 61\%. These findings
                 support the application of heart rate adjustment of ST
                 depression for screening of asymptomatic subjects at
                 increased risk of CHD to identify those who will
                 benefit most from risk factor-reduction programs.",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 00:46:29 2001",
}

@MastersThesis{RSM:Ola2004,
  author =       "H. Olafsdottir",
  title =        "Registration and Analysis of Myocardial Perfusion
                 Magnetic Resonance Images",
  school =       "Section for Image Analysis - Informatics and
                 Mathematical Modelling, IMM - Technical University of
                 Denmark, DTU",
  year =         "2004",
  month =        feb,
}

@Article{RSM:Olb53,
  author =       "O. Olbrich and E. Woodford-Williams",
  title =        "The effect of change of body position on the
                 precordial electrocardiogram in young and aged
                 subjects",
  journal =      "J. Gerontol",
  year =         "1953",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "56--62",
  robnote =      "another early ref to the effect of changing position
                 on the ECG",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 24 21:33:27 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Olg96,
  author =       "J. Olgin and J. Kalman and M. Maguire and M. Chin and
                 C. Stillson and M.D. Lesh",
  title =        "Electrophysiologic effects of long linear atrial
                 lesions placed under intracardiac echo guidance",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4, Part II",
  pages =        "581",
  robnote =      "atrial fibrillation, ablation, echocardiography",
}

@Article{RSM:Ols82,
  author =       "K. v. Olshausen and Ch. Leitl and W. Kuebler",
  title =        "{u}er das {P}athfinder {L}angzeit-{EKG-S}ystem",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "272--279",
  robnote =      "longterm ECG, computer processing, arrhythmias,
                 ECG011",
}

@TechReport{RSM:Ols9?,
  author =       "B. Olsson and R. Montoye and P. Markstein and M.
                 NguyenPhu",
  title =        "{RISC} system/6000 floating-point unit",
  institution =  "??",
  year =         "??",
  robnote =      "A description of the RS6000 FPU and why it is so fast.
                 From Nelson's class",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:On94,
  author =       "H. On and D.H. Brooks and R.S. MacLeod and H. Krim",
  title =        "Multiresolution analysis of {PTCA} isopotential maps",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the20th N.E. Bioengineering
                 Conference",
  year =         "1994",
  pages =        "3--6",
  address =      "Springfield, MA",
  month =        mar,
  robnote =      "Hanson's paper on the use of DWT to analyse maps
                 (BSPM) during PTCA,",
}

@Article{RSM:Ona86,
  author =       "T. Ona and Y. Shimohara and K. Okada and S. Irino",
  title =        "Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on Microvascular
                 Architecture of Human Coronary Vessels by Corrosion
                 Casts: Normal and Focal Necrosis",
  journal =      "Scan. Electron Microscopy",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "263--270",
  robnote =      "A paper on fibre direction for the heart model
                 geometry, scanning electron microscopy, human coronary
                 vessels, microvascular architecture, focal necrosis.
                 read it, Prop012",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos2000,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and J. Delbeke and D.F. Stegeman",
  title =        "The conductivity of the human skull: results of in
                 vivo and in vitro measurements.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1487--1492",
  robnote =      "measurements revealed a skull conductivity of about
                 0.015 siemens/m. For the conductivities of the brain,
                 the skull and the scalp a ratio of 1:1/15:1 was found.
                 This is consistent with some of the reports on
                 conductivities found in the literature, but differs
                 considerably from the ratio 1:1/80:1 commonly used in
                 neural source localization.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Feb 22 16:16:12 2002",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos2001,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Genesis of the {T}-wave as based on an Equivalent
                 Surface Source Model.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "34(suppl)",
  pages =        "217--227",
  robnote =      "ECGSim reference",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 24 07:17:45 2003",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos2002,
  author =       "T. Oostendorp and J. Nenonen and P. Korhonen",
  title =        "Noninvasive determination of the activation sequence
                 of the heart: application to patients with previous
                 myocardial infarctions.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "35 Suppl",
  pages =        "75--80",
  robnote =      "This paper reports on the results of experiments to
                 validate the UDL-based method in patients who underwent
                 open-chest surgery. The patients had previously
                 suffered from ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial
                 infarction. Prior to surgery, the ECG was recorded in
                 123 leads on the body surface at Helsinki University
                 Central Hospital (HUCH). Based on MR images an
                 individual volume conductor model was constructed for
                 each patient. During surgery at HUCH, potentials were
                 recorded invasively in 102 bipolar leads on the
                 epicardium. Based on these data, activation maps were
                 constructed. These maps were compared to the activation
                 maps obtained by the UDL based inverse applied to the",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 11 06:37:42 2004",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos2004,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom and T.F. Oostendorp",
  title =        "{ECGSIM}: an interactive tool for studying the genesis
                 of {QRST} waveforms.",
  journal =      "Heart",
  year =         "2004",
  month =        feb,
  volume =       "90",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "165--168",
  robnote =      "DESIGN: A numerical method was developed for computing
                 ECG signals on the thorax, as well as electrograms on
                 both endocardium and epicardium. The source
                 representation of the myocardial electric activity is
                 the equivalent double layer. The transfer factors
                 between the electric sources and the resulting
                 potentials on the heart surface as well as on the body
                 surface were computed using a realistic thorax model.
                 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The resulting transfer factors
                 were implemented in a simulation program. The program
                 allows the user to make interactive changes in the
                 timing of depolarisation and repolarisation on the
                 ventricular surface, as well as changing the local
                 source strength, and to inspect or document the effect
                 of such changes instantaneously on electrograms and
                 body surface potentials, visualised by waveforms as
                 well as by potential maps and movies. The entire
                 simulation package can be installed free of charge from
                 www.ecgsim.org.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 11 06:37:42 2004",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos2011,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and P.F. van Dessel and R. Coronel and C.
                 Belterman and A.C. Linnenbank and I.H. van Schie and A.
                 van Oosterom and P. Oosterhoff and P.M. van Dam and J.M.
                 de Bakker",
  title =        "Noninvasive detection of epicardial and endocardial
                 activity of the heart.",
  journal =      "Neth Heart J",
  year =         "2011",
  month =        "Nov",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "488--491",
  robnote =      "Determining electrical activation of the heart in a
                 noninvasive way is one of the challenges in cardiac
                 electrophysiology. The ECG provides some, but limited
                 information about the electrical status of the heart. This
                 article describes a method to determine both endocardial
                 and epicardial activation of the heart of an individual
                 patient from 64 electrograms recorded from the body
                 surface. Information obtained in this way might be helpful
                 for the treatment of arrhythmias, to assess the effect of
                 drugs on conduction in the heart and to assess electrical
                 stability of the heart.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 21 22:42:36 2014",
  pmcid =        "PMC3203979",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos78,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Triangulating the Human Torso",
  journal =      "Computer J.",
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "253--258",
  robnote =      "A description of how the torso was triangularized
                 using a 2-dimensional Fourier transform representation.
                 Haven't quite figured it out yet but I hope to.
                 Thesis., TorsoModel013",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos89,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom and G.J.M. Huiskamp",
  title =        "The effect of torso inhomogeneities on body surface
                 potentials using ``tailored geometry''",
  journal =      "Journal of Electrocardiology",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--72",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos89a,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Source Parameter Estimation in Inhomogeneous Volume
                 Conductors of Arbitrary Shape",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "36",
  pages =        "382--391",
  robnote =      "Another article by van Oosterom's group and
                 interesting as always, this time especially because of
                 a refence to a paper on ``Interpolation on a
                 triangularized 3-D Surface'', which is to be published
                 in J. Comput. Phy. but no date set as yet. thesis,
                 TorsoModel028",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos89b,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom and G.J. Huiskamp",
  title =        "The Effect of Torso Inhomogeneities on Body Surface
                 Potentials Quantified Using ``Tailored'' Geometry",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "53--72",
  robnote =      "thesis, TorsoModel037",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos89c,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom and G.J.
                 Huiskamp",
  title =        "Interpolation on a Triangulated 3{D} Surface",
  journal =      "J. Comp. Physics",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "80",
  pages =        "331--343",
  robnote =      "A neat paper on how to perform interpolation not just
                 over a 2D surface but over the triangulated 3D surface
                 of the torso. The use is obvious; to generate all the
                 node potentials from the limited number of electrode
                 voltages which we collect. thesis, Laplacian smoothing.
                 TorsoModel039",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos89d,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom and H.W. Jongsma",
  title =        "Electrical properties of tissues involved in the
                 conduction of fetal {ECG}.",
  journal =      "Med Biol Eng Comput",
  year =         "1989",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "322--304",
  robnote =      "Another paper from Thom's thesis",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 22:40:53 2001",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Oos89e,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Interactive simulation of the {QRS} wave forms",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS89,
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "Y. Kim and F.A. Spielman",
  pages =        "183--184",
  robnote =      "ECGSim reference",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 24 07:05:11 2003",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos90,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom and T.F. Oostendorp and G.J. Huiskamp
                 and H.J.M. ten Brake",
  title =        "The magnetocardiogram as derived from
                 electrocardiographic data",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1503--1509",
  robnote =      "In which Adriaan shows that the MCG contains nothing
                 that the ECG doesn't already possess. The basis of the
                 model is the uniform double layer and they compute
                 first an inverse solution to get activation times, then
                 the forward MCG soluiton to generate fields. They then
                 compare the results with measured MCG and find good
                 agreement.",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos91,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "The potential distribution generated by surface
                 electrodes in inhomogeneous volume conductors of
                 arbitrary shape",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "409--417",
  robnote =      "Very nice paper showing: a) mixed bondary conditions
                 exist for surface electrodes since potentials are known
                 for some subset of surface points (Dirichlet) while
                 other points have unknown potentials, but may have
                 dV/dn=0 on at least the outer surface (Neumann); b)
                 Solutions using BEM can be found for such mixed
                 boundary conditions; c) Constant potential over the
                 electrode is a good BC -- constant J (a la Claydon) is
                 a bad one!",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos91b,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom and R. Plonsey",
  title =        "The Brody effect revisited",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "339--348",
  robnote =      "No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos91c,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Modelling the fetal magnetocardiogram.",
  journal =      "Clin Phys Physiol Meas",
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "12 Suppl A",
  pages =        "15--8",
  robnote =      "During gestation the abdominally recorded fetal ECG
                 (FECG) changes as a result of changes in the conductive
                 medium. In particular, a minimum occurs in the FECG
                 amplitude around 30 weeks of gestation. Based on the
                 results of an extensive FECG study, the effect of these
                 changes on the fetal MCG are simulated. It is shown
                 that the FMCG amplitude is not greatly affected by the
                 changes in the conductive medium. The FMCG waveform,
                 however, is. From Thom's thesis.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 15 22:40:53 2001",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Oos94,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom and G. Windau and G.J.M Huiskamp:",
  title =        "Simulation on a {PC} of the {QRS}-{T} wave forms",
  booktitle =    "Electrocardiology '93",
  publisher =    "World Scientific",
  year =         "1994",
  editor =       "P.W. Macfarlane and P. Rautaharju",
  pages =        "97--100",
  robnote =      "ECGSim reference",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 24 07:08:20 2003",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos96,
  author =       "T.F. Oostendorp and A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "The surface {L}aplacian of the potential: {T}heory and
                 applications",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "394--405",
  robnote =      "A paper looking pretty thoroughly at the work that Bin
                 He has done, showing its limitations and strengths.
                 Looks at the co-ax electrode, the field sensitivity of
                 the Laplacian, and its utility in a couple of
                 application cases. The bottom line is not a single
                 line, but a series of results that show the technique
                 to be limited to only sources close to the sensing
                 electrode.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Oos97,
  author =       "T. Oostendorp and R.S. Macleod and A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Non-invasive determination of the activation sequence
                 of the heart: {V}alidation with invasive data",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS97,
  year =         "1997",
  organization = "IEEE",
  robnote =      "Used tank data to validate temporal inverse
                 solution,",
  acknowledgement = ack-xxx,
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 20 17:26:36 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos97b,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Incorporation of the spatial covariance in the inverse
                 problem",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "43--52",
  robnote =      "Maximum apriori estimator approach to the inverse
                 solution in which we assume we know the covariance of
                 the epicardial potentials and see how this can be used
                 to improve the solution accuracy",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 13:55:33 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Oos99,
  author =       "A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "The use of spatial covariance in computing pericardial
                 potentials",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "46",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "778--787",
  robnote =      "inverse solution using spatial covariance as part of
                 regularization",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 09 09:18:07 2001",
}

@Book{RSM:Ope92,
  key =          "OpenGL",
  author =       "{OpenGL} Architecture Review Board",
  title =        "{OpenGL} Reference Manual",
  publisher =    "Addison Wesley",
  year =         "1992",
  robnote =      "The official reference document for OpenGL, Release 1.
                 SGI, Silicon Graphics, scientific visualization.",
}

@Article{RSM:Ore99,
  author =       "T. O'Reilly",
  title =        "Lessons from open-source software development",
  journal =      "Commun. ACM",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  year =         "1999",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782",
  pages =        "32--37",
  doi =          "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/299157.299164",
  publisher =    "ACM",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  robnote =      "Article on advantages and experiences with open source
                 software.",
}

@Book{RSM:Oro2010,
  author =       "R. O'Rourke and P. O'Gara",
  publisher =    "New York: McGraw-Hill",
  title =        "Hurst's the {H}eart - {D}iagnosis and {M}anagement of
                 {P}atients with {CID}",
  year =         "2010",
  robnote =      "Kedar claims they quote poor performance numbers for stress
                  testing and emrergency room detection of infarction",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ost90,
  author =       "H. Oster and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "The use of temporal information in the regularization
                 of the inverse problem of electrocardiography",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS90,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1990",
  pages =        "599--600",
  robnote =      "nice paper on using temporal information from the ECG
                 to drive the regularization process of the inverse
                 solution",
}

@Article{RSM:Ost92,
  author =       "H.S. Oster and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "The use of temporal information in the regularization
                 of the inverse problem of electrocardiography.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--75",
  robnote =      "Howie's article about using time regularization in
                 inverse solution.",
}

@Article{RSM:Ost97,
  author =       "H.S. Oster and B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P.R.
                 Ershler and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging:
                 {R}econstruction of epicardial potentials,
                 electrograms, and isochrones and localization of single
                 and multiple electrocardiac events",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1012--1024",
  month =        "Aug.",
  robnote =      "Used tank data from andy2 and stimulation from one or
                 more sites to validate inverse solution",
}

@Article{RSM:Ost97b,
  author =       "H.S. Oster and B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P.R.
                 Ershler and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic Imaging: {N}oninvasive
                 characterization of intramural myocardial activation
                 from inverse-reconstructed epicardial potentials and
                 electrograms",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "96",
  pages =        "1496--1507",
  robnote =      "this is a combination of Howie's earlier paper and
                 Bruno and Watanabe's paper in wich they showed
                 epicardial maps from different pacing depths and with
                 infarcts. inverse problems, cardiac mapping",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 19 10:12:12 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Ost97c,
  author =       "H.S. Oster and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "Regional Regularization of the Electrocardiographic
                 Inverse Problem: {A} Model Study Using Spherical
                 Geometry",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "188--199",
  robnote =      "Local regularization, inverse problems, Tikhonov,",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 05 10:20:53 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Osu84,
  author =       "J. Osugi and T. Ohta and J. Toyama and F. Takatsu and
                 T. Nagaya and K. Yamada",
  title =        "Body surface isopotential maps in old inferior
                 myocardial infarction undetectable by 12 lead
                 electrocardiogram.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1984",
  month =        jan,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--62",
  robnote =      "The purpose of this study is to examine the value of
                 body surface isopotential maps in the diagnosis of old
                 inferior myocardial infarction that can not be
                 diagnosed by 12 lead ECG. Forty-three patients with a Q
                 wave of at least 0.02 sec but less than 0.04 sec in
                 width and also less than 25\% of the R wave in depth in
                 lead a VF of the 12 lead ECG were selected for this
                 study. The patients were divided into infarction and
                 noninfarction groups based on their clinical histories
                 and cardiac catheterization data. The infarction group
                 showed characteristic surface maps with a minimum which
                 moved from the left posterior chest to the lower back
                 or from the lower back to the right anterior lower
                 chest in the early phase of QRS. The noninfarction
                 group exhibited a minimum which shifted from the back
                 to the right upper chest or from the left anterior
                 chest to the lower back in the same phase. Thus, both
                 groups were clearly distinguishable from each other by
                 the positional change of the minimum in the early phase
                 of QRS. This study suggested that body surface maps
                 contain diagnostic information concerning the presence
                 or absence of inferior myocardial infarction which is
                 not easily available from the 12 lead ECG.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 27 14:18:44 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Owe2008,
  title =        "{GPU} Computing",
  author =       "J.D. Owens and M. Houston and D. Luebke and S. Green
                 and J.E. Stone J.C. Phillips",
  journal =      "Proc. of the IEEE",
  year =         "2008",
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "879--899",
}

@Article{RSM:Oxa83,
  author =       "J. Oxaal",
  title =        "Temporal Averaging Techniques Reduce Image Noise",
  journal =      "unknown",
  year =         "1983",
  robnote =      "Second in a series of design cookbooks for digital
                 signal prcessing hardware, this article explains three
                 methods for waveform and image noise reduction.,
                 SigProc003",
}

@Article{RSM:Ozk93,
  author =       "M. Ozkan and B.M. Dawant and R.J. MacIunas",
  title =        "Neural-Network-Based Segmentation of Multi-Modal
                 Medical Images: {A} Comparative and Prospective
                 Study.",
  journal =      j-TMI,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "534--544",
  robnote =      "no hardcopy, medical imaging. modeling",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 23:30:20 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Ozt2005,
  author =       "C. Ozturk and M. Guttman and E.R. McVeigh and R.J.
                 Lederman",
  title =        "Magnetic resonance imaging-guided vascular interventions.",
  journal =      "Top Magn Reson Imaging",
  year =         "2005",
  month =        "Oct",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "369--381",
  robnote =      "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provides superior
                 soft-tissue imaging and no known harmful effects, has the
                 potential as an alternative modality to guide various
                 medical interventions. This review will focus on MR-guided
                 endovascular interventions and present its current state
                 and future outlook. In the first technical part, enabling
                 technologies such as developments in fast imaging,
                 catheter devices, and visualization techniques are
                 examined. This is followed by a clinical survey that
                 includes proof-of-concept procedures in animals and
                 initial experience in human subjects. In preclinical
                 experiments, MRI has already proven to be valuable. For
                 example, MRI has been used to guide and track targeted
                 cell delivery into or around myocardial infarctions, to
                 guide atrial septal puncture, and to guide the connection
                 of portal and systemic venous circulations. Several
                 investigational MR-guided procedures have already been
                 reported in patients, such as MR-guided cardiac
                 catheterization, invasive imaging of peripheral artery
                 atheromata, selective intraarterial MR angiography, and
                 preliminary angioplasty and stent placement. In addition,
                 MR-assisted transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
                 procedures in patients have been shown in a novel hybrid
                 double-doughnut x-ray/MRI system. Numerous additional
                 investigational human MR-guided endovascular procedures
                 are now underway in several medical centers around the
                 world. There are also significant hurdles: availability of
                 clinical-grade devices, device-related safety issues,
                 challenges to patient monitoring, and acoustic noise
                 during imaging. The potential of endovascular
                 interventional MRI is great because as a single modality,
                 it combines 3-dimensional anatomic imaging, device
                 localization, hemodynamics, tissue composition, and
                 function.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 26 13:21:34 2009",
}

@Misc{RSM:PMI,
  title =        "{PMI} Toolbox",
  howpublished = "\texttt{http://rabi.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/DOT/resources.htm}",
  robnote =      "PMI Toolbox",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 31 00:09:06 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Pac2007,
  author =       "N. A. Pack and E. V. Dibella and B. D. Wilson and C.
                 J. McGann",
  title =        "Quantitative myocardial distribution volume from
                 dynamic contrast-enhanced {MRI}",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Imaging",
  year =         "2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Pag78,
  author =       "M. Pagain and S. Vatner and H. Brig and E. Braunwald",
  title =        "Initial Myocardial Adjustments to Brief Periods of
                 Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Conscious Dog",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "83--91",
  robnote =      "Haven't got this one yet but it is referred to in the
                 thesis. See PTCA1 for reference to it., PTCA018",
}

@Article{RSM:Pag86,
  author =       "M. Pagani and F. Lombardi and others",
  title =        "Power spectral analysis of heart rate and aterial
                 pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal
                 interaction in man and conscious dog",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "59",
  pages =        "178--19

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