text:
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhou, Weijian/T-1412-2019
   Zhou, Weijian/D-3393-2015
   AN, Zhisheng/F-8834-2012
   Zhou, Weijian/I-8953-2014
   Liu, Xiaodong/E-9512-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Liu, Xiaodong/0000-0003-0355-5610
   an, zhi sheng/0000-0002-9538-9826}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
Times-Cited = {{52}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
Journal-ISO = {{Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{479AV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171382500006}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000171035000010,
Author = {Moore, GWK and Holdsworth, G and Alverson, K},
Title = {{Extra-tropical response to ENSO as Expressed in an ice core from the
   Saint Elias Mountain range}},
Journal = {{GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{28}},
Number = {{18}},
Pages = {{3457-3460}},
Month = {{SEP 15}},
Abstract = {{The El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of
   inter-annual variability of the atmosphere-ocean system in the tropical
   Pacific and exerts its influence in the extra-tropics through persistent
   large-scale wave-like patterns in the atmosphere known as
   teleconnections. Although the physics of ENSO in the tropics is
   relatively well understood, our knowledge of its extra-tropical response
   is based on teleconnection patterns that are statistical in origin and
   derived from relatively short time series. In this paper we analyze the
   ENSO signal in an annually resolved record of snow accumulation covering
   the period 1736-1985 from an ice core obtained in the Saint Elias
   Mountains of the Yukon. This region is located in the center of an area
   with one of the most significant teleconnection signatures associated
   with ENSO. The high elevation of the site where the ice core was
   obtained allows it to sample the mid and upper-tropspheric flow where
   the extra-tropical response to ENSO has its largest amplitude. As we
   show these characteristics of the site result in a significant ENSO
   signal in the snow accumulation time series.}},
Publisher = {{AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION}},
Address = {{2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Moore, GWK (Corresponding Author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
   PAGES Int Project Off, CH-3011 Bern, Switzerland.
   Univ Calgary, Arctic Inst N Amer, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1029/2000GL012397}},
ISSN = {{0094-8276}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO;
   PACIFIC; TELECONNECTIONS; MODULATION; RECORD}},
Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Moore, Kent/D-8518-2011}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Moore, Kent/0000-0002-3986-5605}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
Times-Cited = {{27}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
Journal-ISO = {{Geophys. Res. Lett.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{473HN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171035000010}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000170950000004,
Author = {Pan, XM and Kraines, S},
Title = {{Environmental input-output models for life-cycle analysis}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL \& RESOURCE ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{20}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{61-72}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{The Leontief input-output model has been applied for macro environmental
   analysis since 1970, and life cycle analysis has been used in industrial
   design over the last decade. This paper presents two extended
   environmental input-output models for life cycle analysis in pollutant
   abatement and towards resource recycling. It is demonstrated that the
   suggested models are systematic tools that can be used for integrated
   environmental analysis and planning.}},
Publisher = {{KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL}},
Address = {{SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Pan, XM (Corresponding Author), Stanford Univ, Asia Pacific Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Asia Pacific Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Syst Sci, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
   Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem Syst Engn, Tokyo, Japan.}},
DOI = {{10.1023/A:1017990818839}},
ISSN = {{0924-6460}},
Keywords = {{environmental input-output model; life cycle analysis; input-output
   analysis}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; Environmental Studies}},
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   UNO K, 1995, ENV OPTIONS ACCOUNTI.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Resour. Econ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{471VU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170950000004}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000171814400004,
Author = {Crowley, T and Ni Dhubhain, A and Moloney, R},
Title = {{The economic impact of forestry in the Ballyvourney area of County Cork,
   Ireland}},
Journal = {{FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{3}},
Number = {{1-2}},
Pages = {{31-43}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Little is known about the impact of forestry on local development in
   Ireland. This paper describes one of the first attempts to evaluate the
   economic activity and employment generated by forestry and to relate it
   to local development. The study determined the economic activity
   generated from plantation management and timber production from four
   forests owned by Coillte Teoranta (the State Forestry Board which is a
   commercial state-owned company established in 1988 to manage public
   forests) located in south-west Ireland. The technique used was
   input-output analysis with the data on the direct economic activities
   being sourced from Coillte's management information system and from
   surveys. The indirect economic activities were estimated using an
   existing input-output model of the region. The data on the direct
   employment generated were derived from the data collected on the
   economic activity with additional data being obtained from surveys. To
   link these data to the concept of local development, the location of the
   economic activity and employment was related to the centre of the study
   area. In this way it was possible to determine what areas and
   communities benefited from the operation of forestry within the study
   area and consequently to show the benefits that the community local to
   the forest were gaining from those forests. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science
   B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ni Dhubhain, A (Corresponding Author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Forestry, Dublin 4, Ireland.
   Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Forestry, Dublin 4, Ireland.
   Coillte Teo, Cork, Ireland.
   Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Econ, Cork, Ireland.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S1389-9341(01)00056-9}},
ISSN = {{1389-9341}},
EISSN = {{1872-7050}},
Keywords = {{forestry; economics; input-output analysis; rural development; Ireland}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Forestry}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; Environmental Studies; Forestry}},
Author-Email = {{aine.nidhubhain@ucd.ie}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{Forest Policy Econ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{486JJ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171814400004}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000171695200006,
Author = {Semazzi, FHM and Song, Y},
Title = {{A GCM study of climate change induced by deforestation in Africa}},
Journal = {{CLIMATE RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{2, SI}},
Pages = {{169-182}},
Month = {{AUG 15}},
Abstract = {{In this modeling study we investigated the potential climate change
   which would result from totally clearing the tropical rain forests in
   Africa. The primary research vehicle in our investigation was the
   standard version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
   CCM3 global climate model (GCM), with a horizontal resolution of
   triangular spectral truncation T42 (approximately 2.8 degrees x 2.8
   degrees). Two separate 10 yr simulations were performed; for each of
   these the global climatological sea surface temperature field was
   prescribed. The purpose of the 10 yr simulations was to provide a
   sufficiently large ensemble whose average minimizes model noise errors.
   In the control simulation normal vegetation was prescribed. The design
   of the anomaly experiment was similar to the control run except that the
   tropical rainforest regions in Africa were replaced by savanna grassland
   vegetation. The CCM3 GCM successfully simulated the primary features of
   the seasonal mean climate conditions over Africa. The model results show
   that replacement of tropical rain forest vegetation with savanna
   grassland vegetation produces the following climate changes over Africa:
   (1) Over the deforested region, the model results indicate a significant
   reduction in area-averaged rainfall throughout the year. The decrease
   ranges between 2 to 3 mm d(-1) during the northern hemispheric summer
   months, when the region experiences the driest conditions (July to
   September), and less than 1 mm d(-1) during the wettest months (autumn
   and spring). (2) Over southern Africa deforestation results in
   substantial rainfall reduction over Mozambique and rainfall increase
   over Botswana, Zambia, the southern region of the Democratic Republic of
   the Congo, and parts of South Africa. Changes in the trapped Rossby wave
   train activity generated by the mid-tropospheric latent heating over the
   tropical forest region are responsible for the continental-scale
   teleconnection climate response. (3) Over Eastern and Western Africa the
   impact of deforestation is primarily characterized by a reduction in
   rainfall, however the adopted GCM T42 resolution may not have been
   adequate to resolve the large contrasts in terrain and vegetation types.
   (4) Over the rest of Africa the response is relatively weak.}},
Publisher = {{INTER-RESEARCH}},
Address = {{NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Semazzi, FHM (Corresponding Author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth \& Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth \& Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.3354/cr017169}},
ISSN = {{0936-577X}},
Keywords = {{climate change; deforestation; climate of Africa; climate modelling}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; SAHELIAN CLIMATE;
   EASTERN AFRICA; SHORT RAINS; MODEL; CIRCULATION; IMPACTS; VEGETATION;
   SIMULATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
Times-Cited = {{43}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
Journal-ISO = {{Clim. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{484MY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171695200006}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000172582700007,
Author = {Moron, V and Navarra, A and Ward, MN and Folland, CK and Friederichs, P
   and Maynard, K and Polcher, J},
Title = {{Analysing and combining atmospheric general circulation model
   simulations forced by prescribed SST: tropical response}},
Journal = {{ANNALI DI GEOFISICA}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{44}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{755-780}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{The ECHAM 3.2 (T21), ECHAM 4 (T30) and LMD (version 6, grid-point
   resolution with 96 longitudes X 72 latitudes) atmospheric general
   circulation models were integrated through the period 1961 to 1993
   forced with the same observed Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) as
   compiled at the Hadley Centre. Three runs were made for each model
   starting from different initial conditions, The large-scale tropical
   inter-annual variability is analysed to give a picture of the skill of
   each model and of some sort of combination of the three models. To
   analyse the similarity of model response averaged over the same key
   regions, several widely-used indices are calculated: Southern
   Oscillation Index (SOI), large-scale wind shear indices of the boreal
   summer monsoon in Asia and West Africa and rainfall indices for NE
   Brazil, Sahel and India. Even for the indices where internal noise is
   large. some years are consistent amongst all the runs, suggesting
   inter-annual variability of the strength of SST forcing. Averaging the
   ensemble mean of the three models (the super-ensemble mean) yields
   improved skill. When each run is weighted according to its skill, taking
   three runs from different models instead of three runs of the same model
   improves the mean skill. There is also some indication that one run of a
   given model could be better than another, suggesting that persistent
   anomalies could change its sensitivity to SST. The index approach lacks
   flexibility to assess whether a model's response to SST has been
   geographically displaced. We focus on the first mode in the global
   tropics, found through singular value decomposition analysis, which is
   clearly related to El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in all seasons.
   The Observed-Model and Model-Model analyses lead to almost the same
   patterns, suggesting that the dominant pattern of model response is also
   the most skilful mode. Seasonal modulation of both skill and spatial
   patterns (both model and observed) clearly exists with highest skill
   (between tropical Pacific SST and tropical rainfall) and reproducibility
   amongst the runs in December-February, and least skill/reproducibility
   in March-May and June-August. The differences between each model suggest
   that a simple linear regression combination of each GCM's prediction
   indices will be improved upon by combination methods that take account
   of the errors in the spatial teleconnection structures generated by the
   GCM.}},
Publisher = {{EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA}},
Address = {{VIA SAN QUIRICO 13/2, I-53100 SIENA, ITALY}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Navarra, A (Corresponding Author), Ist Nazl Geofis \& Vulcanol, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 8, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
   Ist Nazl Geofis \& Vulcanol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
   Univ Aix Marseille 1, UFR Sci Geog \& Amenagement, Aix En Provence, France.
   CNRS, UMR CEREGE, Aix En Provence, France.
   Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict \& Res, Bracknell RB12 2SZ, Berks, England.
   Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany.
   Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LMD, Paris, France.}},
ISSN = {{1590-1815}},
Keywords = {{atmospheric general circulation model; inter-comparison; tropical
   circulation; seasonal rainfall; tropical Pacific SST}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GCM SIMULATIONS;
   SEASONAL PREDICTABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY;
   WIDE TELECONNECTION; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR; WEST-AFRICA; CLIMATE}},
Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Folland, Chris K/I-2524-2013
   Friederichs, Petra/F-3344-2011
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Friederichs, Petra/0000-0003-4566-572X
   polcher, Jan/0000-0001-9020-5795}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
Times-Cited = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ann. Geofis.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{499QW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000172582700007}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000171301200003,
Author = {Kawamura, R and Matsuura, T and Iizuka, S},
Title = {{Interannual atmosphere-ocean variations in the tropical western North
   Pacific relevant to the Asian summer monsoon-ENSO coupling}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{79}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{883-898}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Using an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) forced by daily mean
   wind stresses and heat fluxes derived from the bulk formulation with the
   NCEP/NCAR reanalysis of 1973-1995, we examined interannual
   atmosphere-ocean variations in the tropical western North Pacific
   related to the Asian summer monsoon-ENSO coupling.
   The OGCM simulation was successful in reproducing the east-west gradient
   of summertime SST anomalies between the South China Sea and the tropical
   western Pacific east of the Philippines that is linked with anomalous
   tropical convection in that vicinity. A heat budget analysis shows that
   a longitudinal asymmetry of surface latent heat flux anomalies is
   crucially responsible for the reinforcement and persistence of the
   east-west gradient of SST anomalies between the two regions.
   It is also found that the transition from premonsoon regime to monsoon
   regime in the tropical Indian Ocean affects the interannual
   atmosphere-ocean variations in the tropical western North Pacific during
   the period from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. In the spring before
   strong Asian summer monsoon, an equatorially asymmetric air-sea coupled
   mode tends to appear in the tropical Indian Ocean. Simultaneously with
   the beginning of the strong monsoon regime, the northern Indian Ocean
   and South China Sea are covered by cool SST anomalies due to enhanced
   wind speed and evaporation, whereas warm anomalies relevant to a cold
   episode of ENSO are still maintained in the warm pool region east of the
   Philippines. The latitudinally asymmetric anomalies of tropical
   convection and SST become dissipated and convection over the warm pool
   region of the western North Pacific becomes localized and enhanced with
   the establishment of east-west gradient of SST anomalies. Due to
   enhanced convective heating, equatorially asymmetric atmospheric Rossby
   waves are excited to the west of anomalous convection, wh-ich induce
   low-level westerly anomalies. This dynamic process further facilitates
   the localization of intense convection through the change in surface
   latent heat flux and SST. While such a positive atmosphere-ocean
   feedback system persists in boreal summer, the Pacific and Japan (PJ)
   teleconnection pattern in response to enhanced convection prevails and
   brings about unusually hot summers in recent years especially in the
   vicinity of Japan.}},
Publisher = {{METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN}},
Address = {{C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
   100-0004, JAPAN}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Kawamura, R (Corresponding Author), Toyama Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 9308555, Japan.
   Toyama Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Toyama 9308555, Japan.}},
DOI = {{10.2151/jmsj.79.883}},
ISSN = {{0026-1165}},
EISSN = {{2186-9057}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EASTERN PACIFIC;
   RAINFALL; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM; INDIA}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{kawamura@sci.toyama-u.ac.jp}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kawamura, Ryuichi/Q-6161-2019
   IIZUKA, Satoshi/S-3290-2019
   Kawamura, Ryuichi/D-2434-2010
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{IIZUKA, Satoshi/0000-0002-9412-472X
   Kawamura, Ryuichi/0000-0002-6783-1496}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
Times-Cited = {{32}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{477TW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171301200003}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000170065800005,
Author = {Ye, HC},
Title = {{Characteristics of winter precipitation variation over northern central
   eurasia and their connections to sea surface temperatures over the
   Atlantic and Pacific Oceans}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{14}},
Pages = {{3140-3155}},
Month = {{JUL 15}},
Abstract = {{This study reveals spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation
   variability and their teleconnections to sea surface temperatures (SSTs)
   over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by analyzing 68 yr of recent
   precipitation records over the former Soviet Union. In addition to a
   general increasing trend of about 0.4 mm yr(-1) or 6\% decade(-1) over
   much of the study region, three major modes of precipitation variation
   are identified. A quasibiennial variation of 2-3 yr is found over the
   region surrounding the Caspian and Aral Seas. An El Nino timescale
   precipitation variation of 4-5 yr is present over southern central
   Siberia and is associated with eastern tropical Pacific SSTs. A
   quasi-decadal timescale variation of about 11-12 yr is evident over
   central European Russia. This quasi-decadal precipitation variation is
   closely linked to a major SST anomaly pattern of alternating latitudinal
   belts over the Atlantic and SST variations over the equatorial Pacific
   Ocean. These associations to SSTs are stronger at the timescales
   identified in this study than at an interannual timescale.
   The atmospheric west Atlantic pattern and atmospheric anomalies over the
   eastern tropical Pacific bridge the teleconnection between precipitation
   over central European Russia and both oceans at quasi-decadal
   timescales. The atmospheric anomalies over the eastern Pacific coupled
   with eastern tropical SST anomalies are teleconnected to those over
   northern Asia and, thus, are responsible for the precipitation variation
   over southern central Siberia at an El Nino timescale.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ye, HC (Corresponding Author), Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
   Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3140:COWPVO>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0894-8755}},
Keywords-Plus = {{EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; SINGULAR-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; SCALE
   CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; DECADAL
   VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; LEVEL PRESSURE;
   EL-NINO}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{92}},
Times-Cited = {{28}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{456CP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170065800005}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000170065800006,
Author = {Hu, Q and Feng, S},
Title = {{Climatic role of the southerly flow from the Gulf of Mexico in
   interannual variations in summer rainfall in the central United States}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{14}},
Pages = {{3156-3170}},
Month = {{JUL 15}},
Abstract = {{This study continues the investigation of causes of the interannual
   variations in summer rainfall in the central United States. A previous
   study by the authors showed that the ENSO teleconnection significantly
   affected the interannual variations in summer rainfall in the central
   United States in two epochs, 1871-1916 and 1949-78. The teleconnection
   effect weakened in the epochs 1917-48 and 1979-97. The current study
   partially answers the question: What affected the interannual summer
   rainfall variations in the two epochs when the ENSO teleconnection
   weakened? Its results showed that the low-level southerly flow from the
   Gulf of Mexico was another source of interannual summer rainfall
   variations. The southerly flow possessed significant interannual
   variations independent of the ENSO variation. In the epochs when the
   ENSO teleconnection broke down, the variations of the southerly flow
   amplified. In the meantime, the circulation anomalies in the lower
   troposphere in the central United States favored a convergence and an
   unstable thermal profile. They helped to engage the variations in the
   southerly flow and the summer rainfall variation in the central United
   States and to maintain the interannual summer rainfall variation. A
   coherent variation of this source and ENSO teleconnection in different
   epochs sustained the observed interannual variations of the summer
   rainfall in the central United States. The coherent variation of the
   role of these two different sources was in accord with the multidecadal
   variation in SST in the mid- and high-latitude North Pacific Ocean,
   supporting the notion that the multidecadal variation in the SST may
   have facilitated the coherent variation.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hu, Q (Corresponding Author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Climate \& Bioatmospher Sci Grp, 237 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
   Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Climate \& Bioatmospher Sci Grp, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3156:CROTSF>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0894-8755}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; FLOODS; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS;
   REANALYSIS}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
Times-Cited = {{26}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{0}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{456CP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170065800006}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000169493700043,
Author = {Ellis, AW and Hawkins, TW},
Title = {{An apparent atmospheric teleconnection between snow cover and the North
   American monsoon}},
Journal = {{GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{28}},
Number = {{13}},
Pages = {{2653-2656}},
Month = {{JUL 1}},
Abstract = {{Snow cover has been shown to reduce lower-atmospheric temperatures
   thereby modifying atmospheric circulation patterns over time scales of
   days to months. Over the past three decades an inverse relationship
   between Eurasian winter snow cover extent and subsequent summer rainfall
   across India has been studied. Very little research has addressed the
   potential relationship between North American snow cover and the North
   American monsoon. The work presented here identifies an apparent inverse
   relationship between July and August snow cover across western North
   America and August precipitation across a portion of the southwestern
   U.S, that is susceptible to an annual monsoon circulation. Results
   suggest that during a summer season characterized by low snow cover
   across western North America, the typical subtropical ridge across the
   southern U.S. intensifies. The product appears to be an atmosphere that
   is conducive to advection of low-level moisture northward across areas
   of the southwestern U.S.}},
Publisher = {{AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION}},
Address = {{2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ellis, AW (Corresponding Author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Box 0104, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1029/2000GL006125}},
ISSN = {{0094-8276}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SUMMER MONSOON; INDIAN MONSOON; RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE}},
Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
Times-Cited = {{15}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
Journal-ISO = {{Geophys. Res. Lett.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{446BU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000169493700043}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000170391100011,
Author = {Rowell, DP},
Title = {{Teleconnections between the tropical Pacific and the Sahel}},
Journal = {{QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{127}},
Number = {{575, A}},
Pages = {{1683-1706}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{A greater understanding of equatorial teleconnections is a key aspect of
   research into seasonal prediction and future climate change for tropical
   regions. Here the impact of Pacific sea surface temperature (SST)
   anomalies on rainfall fluctuations over the semi-arid Sahel is explored,
   using a combination of observed and model data.
   The first key topic of this study is the identification of those aspects
   of anomalous Pacific SST variability that are most strongly linked to
   the Sahel. One of these, also illuminated by earlier studies, is similar
   to the classic El Nino Southern Oscillation pattern in the central and
   east Pacific, which in its El Nino phase increases the likelihood of
   Sahel drought. It is shown here that, although a part of this link is
   indirect (operating via Atlantic SSTs), its main effect appears to be
   through a direct atmospheric teleconnection. The other critical pattern,
   of equal importance and revealed here by a novel analysis technique, is
   the large-scale zonal gradient of SSTs from the west Pacific to the cast
   Indian Ocean. If weakened, this too enhances the likelihood of Sahel
   drought. Atmospheric general circulation model experiments, forced
   either by observed or idealized SSTs, are used to confirm these two
   influences on the Sahel. Crucially, their Sahelian impact is
   substantially reinforced when both are present and, additionally,
   further empirical analysis shows them to be largely independent.
   The second key topic is an investigation of the mechanisms for this
   Pacific-Sahel teleconnection. These appear to involve anomalous
   stationary equatorial waves, with communication occurring in both the
   eastward and westward directions. In El Nino years (for example), a
   Kelvin wave emanates across the Atlantic from east Pacific convective
   heating anomalies, and an equatorial Rossby wave appears over the Indian
   Ocean in response to the anomalous west Pacific-Indian Ocean SST
   gradients via convective heating anomalies over the Indian Ocean. These
   interact over Africa to enhance large-scale subsidence over the Sahel,
   thus reducing seasonal rainfall totals. Interannual changes in
   propagating equatorial waves or in the residence of subseasonal regimes
   appear not to play a substantial role.}},
Publisher = {{ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rowell, DP (Corresponding Author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, London Rd, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England.
   Met Off Hadley Ctr, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1256/smsqj.57511}},
ISSN = {{0035-9009}},
Keywords = {{climate modelling; ENSO; Sahel; SST gradient; tropical teleconnection;
   equatorial waves}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-AFRICA 1906-92; SUMMER RAINFALL;
   INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INDIAN OCEANS; SQUALL LINES; CIRCULATION;
   ATLANTIC; PREDICTION; PATTERNS}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rowell, David P/AAF-3674-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Rowell, David P/0000-0002-6727-1732}},
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Times-Cited = {{123}},
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}

@article{ ISI:000169831700004,
Author = {Camberlin, P and Janicot, S and Poccard, I},
Title = {{Seasonality and atmospheric dynamics of the teleconnection between
   African rainfall and tropical sea-surface temperature: Atlantic vs. ENSO}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}},
Year = {{2001}},
Volume = {{21}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{973-1005}},
Month = {{JUN 30}},
Abstract = {{A 47-year record (1951-1997) of gridded data covering Africa south of
   the Sahara was used to document the spatial and seasonal patterns of the
   correlation between precipitation and sea-surface temperatures (SST) in
   key tropical areas, as depicted by the NINO3, South Atlantic and North
   Atlantic indices. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is confirmed as
   playing a dominant part in northeastern, eastern and southern Africa.
   However, its impact is also found over the Sahel during the northern
   summer, and other parts of the Gulf of Guinea region outside this
   season, a hitherto poorly documented feature. Over these two areas, ENSO
   and Atlantic SST (predominantly South Atlantic) contribute to different
   parts of the rainfall variance. The correlation with South Atlantic SST
   appears as a south-north dipole (positive/negative correlation) which
   shifts northward following the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
   translation between the northern low-sun and high-sun periods. A typing
   of the seasonal correlation patterns and a mapping of the multiple
   correlation coefficients are carried out in order to synthesize the
   space-time impacts of the three SST indices. Decadal-scale changes
   affect the strength of the teleconnections with both Atlantic and East
   Pacific SST, as reflected for instance by a small rise of the
   correlation with the NINO3 index since 1970-1975 in the Sahel and
   southern Africa, and additional shifts for the Atlantic Ocean, but the
   main patterns remain generally apparent over the whole period.
   The circulation anomalies associated with the teleconnections were
   assessed using National Center for Environmental Prediction/National
   Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data. A study of
   the dataset accuracy in depicting long-term climatic variations revealed
   that a major shift, mainly artificial, is found in 1967-1968 in the
   time-series of most of the variables. The rest of the work thus
   concentrated on the 1968-1997 period. A number of changes in east-west
   circulation patterns have been found to be associated to ENSO
   variations. Over West Africa, El Nino events tend to result in enhanced
   northeasterlies/reduced monsoon flow, coupled to weakened upper
   easterlies, and hence dry conditions over West Africa close to the
   surface position of the ITCZ, in July-September, as well as
   January-March. Over the southwestern Indian Ocean, the positive
   equatorial temperature/geopotential height anomalies, which at 200 hPa
   accompany El Nino events, are conducive to an eastward shift of the
   mid-latitude upper troughs, thus being detrimental to summer rainfall
   over South Africa. Abnormally wet `short rains' in East Africa can be
   accounted for by an ENSO-forced weakening of the equatorial Walker-type
   least-west) cell which is found over the Indian Ocean during that
   season. By contrast, the impact of South Atlantic warmings is mostly
   shown in low-level dynamics, as exemplified by the weakened trades and
   monsoon flow which directly result in a southward shift of the ITCZ. The
   combination of ENSO and Atlantic SST anomalies are found to give rise to
   complex wind flow changes in the near-equatorial Atlantic. In addition
   to large-scale SST-forced atmospheric dynamics, a few regional
   atmospheric signals are found to explain residual parts of rainfall
   variance. For instance, a strengthening of the African Easterly Jet, or
   northerly wind anomalies across the Sahara, are shown to be related to
   drought conditions in the Sahel (July-September) and the Gulf of Guinea
   area (January-March), once the remote effect of SST anomalies is
   removed. Copyright (C) 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.}},
Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
Address = {{BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Camberlin, P (Corresponding Author), Univ Bourgogne, Ctr Rech Climatol, CNRS, UMR 5080, Sci Gabriel,6 Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France.
   Univ Bourgogne, Ctr Rech Climatol, CNRS, UMR 5080, F-21000 Dijon, France.
   Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/joc.673}},
ISSN = {{0899-8418}},
Keywords = {{African rainfall; atmospheric circulation; composite analysis; ENSO;
   interannual variability; NCEP/NCAR reanalysis; seasonal patterns;
   tropical SST}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SAHARAN WEATHER ANOMALIES; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; JUNE-SEPTEMBER
   RAINFALL; SUMMER RAINFALL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EAST-AFRICA;
   EL-NINO; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; CLIMATE ANOMALIES; NORTH-AFRICA}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Janicot, Serge/E-8493-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Camberlin, Pierre/0000-0003-4896-2332}},
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