text:
Jianjun and Wang, Zhengwei and Tan, Ken and Qu, Yufeng and Nieh,
   James C.},
Title = {{Effects of natural and synthetic alarm pheromone and individual
   pheromone components on foraging behavior of the giant Asian honey bee,
   Apis dorsata}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{217}},
Number = {{19}},
Pages = {{3512-3518}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Social pollinators such as honey bees face attacks from predators not
   only at the nest, but also during foraging. Pollinating honey bees can
   therefore release alarm pheromones that deter conspecifics from visiting
   dangerous inflorescences. However, the effect of alarm pheromone and its
   chemical components upon bee avoidance of dangerous food sources remains
   unclear. We tested the responses of giant honey bee foragers, Apis
   dorsata, presented with alarm pheromone at a floral array. Foragers
   investigated the inflorescence with natural alarm pheromone, but
   3.3-fold more foragers preferred to land on the `safe' inflorescence
   without alarm pheromone. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
   analysis, we identified eight chemical components in the alarm
   pheromone, of which three components (1-octanol, decanal and
   gamma-octanoic lactone) have not previously been reported in this
   species. We bioassayed six major compounds and found that a synthetic
   mixture of these compounds elicited behaviors statistically
   indistinguishable from responses to natural alarm pheromone. By testing
   each compound separately, we show that gamma-octanoic lactone, isopentyl
   acetate and (E)-2-decen-1-yl acetate are active compounds that elicit
   significant alarm responses. Gamma-octanoic lactone elicited the
   strongest response to a single compound and has not been previously
   reported in honey bee alarm pheromone. Isopentyl acetate is widely found
   in the alarm pheromones of sympatric Asian honey bee species, and thus
   alarmed A. dorsata foragers may produce information useful for
   conspecifics and heterospecifics, thereby broadening the effects of
   alarm information on plant pollination.}},
Publisher = {{COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD}},
Address = {{BIDDER BUILDING, STATION RD, HISTON, CAMBRIDGE CB24 9LF, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Tan, K (Corresponding Author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Kunming 650223, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China.
   Li, Jianjun; Wang, Zhengwei; Tan, Ken; Qu, Yufeng, Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Kunming 650223, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China.
   Tan, Ken, Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming 650201, Peoples R China.
   Nieh, James C., Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Ecol Behav \& Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1242/jeb.110171}},
ISSN = {{0022-0949}},
EISSN = {{1477-9145}},
Keywords = {{Alarm pheromone; Foraging; Honey bee; Information flow; Predator attack}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SOLITARY BEES; HYMENOPTERA; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; FLOWERS;
   (Z)-11-EICOSEN-1-OL; PREDATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Life Sciences \& Biomedicine - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biology}},
Author-Email = {{kentan@xtbg.ac.cn}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Nieh, James/H-8705-2014}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Nieh, James/0000-0001-6237-0726}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical
   Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences; CAS 135 program (XTBGT01)
   of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Research Fund
   {[}31260585]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest
   Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, and the CAS 135
   program (XTBGT01) of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National
   Research Fund (31260585) to K.T.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
Times-Cited = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{49}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Exp. Biol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ0XT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342506700022}},
OA = {{Bronze, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000342616500011,
Author = {Aizen, Marcelo A. and Morales, Carolina L. and Vazquez, Diego P. and
   Garibaldi, Lucas A. and Saez, Agustin and Harder, Lawrence D.},
Title = {{When mutualism goes bad: density-dependent impacts of introduced bees on
   plant reproduction}},
Journal = {{NEW PHYTOLOGIST}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{204}},
Number = {{2, SI}},
Pages = {{322-328}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Invasive, alien plants and pollinators have varying effects on their
   interaction partners, ranging from highly beneficial to strongly
   detrimental. To understand these contrasting impacts, we review the
   benefits and costs associated with plant-pollinator interactions and
   enquire as to how the presence of abundant invaders affects the
   benefit-cost balance. We provide a conceptual framework that predicts
   that mutualism shifts to antagonism when invaders increase
   disproportionally in abundance relative to their interaction partners.
   This outcome is illustrated by an empirical example of a crop in which
   flower damage and an associated reduction in fruit quality represent
   interaction costs of intense visitation by invasive bees. More
   generally, the extremely high density of invasive flower visitors, such
   as Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris, might have population- and
   community-level consequences by hampering reproduction of native plants
   while promoting reproduction of alien plants. Furthermore, modification
   of the structure of pollination networks resulting from intense
   visitation of native plants by superabundant alien flower visitors in
   highly invaded communities could predict accentuated interaction costs
   for many native plants. Owing to their high density and the exclusion of
   native pollinators, invasive bees, originally introduced for honey
   production and crop pollination, may negatively impact both the native
   biota and agriculture.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Aizen, MA (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Comahue, Lab Ecotono CRUB, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
   Aizen, Marcelo A.; Morales, Carolina L.; Saez, Agustin, Univ Nacl Comahue, Lab Ecotono CRUB, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
   Aizen, Marcelo A.; Morales, Carolina L.; Saez, Agustin, INIBIOMA CONICET, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
   Vazquez, Diego P., Consejo Nacl Invest Cient \& Tecn, Inst Argentino Invest Zonas Aridas, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
   Vazquez, Diego P., Univ Nacl Cuyo, Fac Ciencias Exactas \& Nat, RA-5502 Mendoza, Argentina.
   Garibaldi, Lucas A., Univ Nacl Rio Negro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
   Garibaldi, Lucas A., Consejo Nacl Invest Cient \& Tecn, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
   Harder, Lawrence D., Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/nph.12924}},
ISSN = {{0028-646X}},
EISSN = {{1469-8137}},
Keywords = {{antagonism; Apis mellifera; benefit-cost balance; Bombus terrestris;
   density dependence; invasions; mutualism; pollination}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POLLINATOR VISITATION; FLORAL NECTAR; HONEY-BEES; BUMBLE BEE; FRUIT-SET;
   POLLEN; NETWORKS; COSTS; HYMENOPTERA; INTEGRATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Plant Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Plant Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{maizen@comahue-conicet.gob.ar}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Garibaldi, Lucas A/D-7302-2013
   Harder, Lawrence/H-9715-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro/0000-0003-0725-4049
   Aizen, Marcelo/0000-0001-9079-9749
   Harder, Lawrence/0000-0002-2303-5076
   Vazquez, Diego P./0000-0002-3449-5748}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Research Council of ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de
   Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) {[}PIP 01623]; National
   Fund for Scientific and Technological Research {[}PICT 2007-01300, PICT
   2007-01464, PICT 2012-3015, PICT 2010-2779]; Universidad Nacional de Rio
   Negro {[}UNRN -PI 40-B-259]; Rufford Small Grant; Discovery Grant from
   the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNatural
   Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors thank editor Amy Austin, Martin Nunez, and three anonymous
   reviewers for useful comments and suggestions. This work was supported
   by the National Research Council of Argentina (PIP 01623 to M. A. A.),
   the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Research (PICT
   2007-01300, PICT 2007-01464, and PICT 2012-3015 to M. A. A. and C. L.
   M., and PICT 2010-2779 to D. P. V.), the Universidad Nacional de Rio
   Negro (UNRN -PI 40-B-259 to L. A. G.), a Rufford Small Grant to C. L.
   M., and a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering
   Research Council of Canada to L.D.H.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
Times-Cited = {{48}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{173}},
Journal-ISO = {{New Phytol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ2LC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342616500011}},
OA = {{Green Published, Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000342445800011,
Author = {Wang, Hui and Xiao, Chang-Long and Gituru, Robert W. and Xiong, Zheng
   and Yu, Dan and Guo, You-Hao and Yang, Chun-Feng},
Title = {{Change of floral orientation affects pollinator diversity and their
   relative importance in an alpine plant with generalized pollination
   system, Geranium refractum (Geraniaceae)}},
Journal = {{PLANT ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{215}},
Number = {{10}},
Pages = {{1211-1219}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Floral orientation may affect pollinator attraction and pollination
   effectiveness, and its influences may differ among pollinator species.
   We, therefore, hypothesized that, for plant species with a generalized
   pollination system, changes in floral orientation would affect the
   composition of pollinators and their relative contribution to
   pollination. Geranium refractum, an alpine plant with downward floral
   orientation was used in this study. We created upward-facing flowers by
   altering the flower angle. We compared the pollinator diversity,
   pollination effectiveness, and pollinator importance, as well as female
   reproductive success between flowers with downward- and upward-facing
   orientation. Results indicated that the upward-facing flowers were
   visited by a wider spectrum of pollinators (classified into functional
   groups), with higher pollinator diversity than natural flowers.
   Moreover, due to influences on visitation number and pollen removal, the
   pollinator importance exhibited by the main pollinator groups differed
   between flower types. Compared with natural flowers, the pollination
   contribution of principal pollinators (i.e., bumblebees) decreased in
   upward-facing flowers and other infrequent pollinators, such as solitary
   bees and muscoid flies, removed more pollen. Consequently, stigmatic
   pollen loads were lower in upward- than in downward-facing flowers.
   These findings reveal that floral orientation may affect the level of
   generalization of a pollination system and the relative importance of
   diverse pollinators. In this species, the natural downward-facing floral
   orientation may increase pollen transfer by effective pollinators and
   reduce interference by inferior pollinators.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Guo, YH (Corresponding Author), Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Lab Plant Systemat \& Evolutionary Biol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
   Wang, Hui; Xiao, Chang-Long; Xiong, Zheng; Yu, Dan; Guo, You-Hao, Wuhan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Lab Plant Systemat \& Evolutionary Biol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
   Gituru, Robert W., Jomo Kenyatta Univ Agr \& Technol, Sino African Biodivers Resource Conservat Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya.
   Yang, Chun-Feng, Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Aquat Bot \& Watershed Ecol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s11258-014-0379-y}},
ISSN = {{1385-0237}},
EISSN = {{1573-5052}},
Keywords = {{Floral orientation; Geranium refractum; Pollination effectiveness;
   Pollinator diversity; Pollinator importance}},
Keywords-Plus = {{AQUILEGIA-PUBESCENS; FLOWER HELIOTROPISM; VISITORS; POLLEN;
   SPECIALIZATION; RANUNCULACEAE; EVOLUTION; INSECTS; TRAITS; HUMMINGBIRDS}},
Research-Areas = {{Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Forestry}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry}},
Author-Email = {{yhguo@whu.edu.cn
   cfyang@wbgcas.cn}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science
   Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}31170214, 31070206]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank two anonymous reviewers for their detailed and constructive
   comments, Xue-Gang Zhu and Shuang Tie for their help in field work,
   Xiao-Xia Li, Kuo Liao and Charles B. Fenster for the helpful comments
   and suggestions. This study was supported by grants from the National
   Natural Science Foundation of China (31170214 to YHG and 31070206 to
   CFY).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{60}},
Journal-ISO = {{Plant Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ0BH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342445800011}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000342205600015,
Author = {Bruckman, Daniela and Campbell, Diane R.},
Title = {{Floral neighborhood influences pollinator assemblages and effective
   pollination in a native plant}},
Journal = {{OECOLOGIA}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{176}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{465-476}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Pollinators represent an important intermediary by which different plant
   species can influence each other's reproductive fitness. Floral
   neighbors can modify the quantity of pollinator visits to a focal
   species but may also influence the composition of visitor assemblages
   that plants receive leading to potential changes in the average
   effectiveness of floral visits. We explored how the heterospecific
   floral neighborhood (abundance of native and non-native heterospecific
   plants within 2 m x 2 m) affects pollinator visitation and composition
   of pollinator assemblages for a native plant, Phacelia parryi. The
   relative effectiveness of different insect visitors was also assessed to
   interpret the potential effects on plant fitness of shifts in pollinator
   assemblage composition. Although the common non-native Brassica nigra
   did not have a significant effect on overall pollinator visitation rate
   to P. parryi, the proportion of flower visits that were made by native
   pollinators increased with increasing abundance of heterospecific plant
   species in the floral neighborhood other than B. nigra. Furthermore,
   native pollinators deposited twice as many P. parryi pollen grains per
   visit as did the nonnative Apis mellifera, and visits by native bees
   also resulted in more seeds than visits by A. mellifera. These results
   indicate that the floral neighborhood can influence the composition of
   pollinator assemblages that visit a native plant and that changes in
   local flower communities have the potential to affect plant reproductive
   success through shifts in these assemblages towards less effective
   pollinators.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bruckman, D (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol \& Evolutionary Biol, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   Bruckman, Daniela; Campbell, Diane R., Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol \& Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00442-014-3023-6}},
ISSN = {{0029-8549}},
EISSN = {{1432-1939}},
Keywords = {{Pollinator visitation; Honeybees; Invasive species; Native bees;
   Pollinator effectiveness}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BRASSICA-NIGRA; HONEY-BEES; FLOWER CONSTANCY; MIMULUS-RINGENS; FORAGING
   RANGES; COMPETITION; COMMUNITY; MUTUALISMS; EFFICIENCY; DIVERSITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{dbruckma@uci.edu}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Campbell, Diane/A-1653-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Campbell, Diane/0000-0002-1147-846X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{University of California Irvine's Center for Environmental Biology}},
Funding-Text = {{This research was funded by University of California Irvine's Center for
   Environmental Biology. We thank the Irvine Ranch Conservancy and OC
   Parks for granting access to field sites. We are also grateful to our
   undergraduate assistants, Grace Yu, Rachel Finer and Kenneth Chang, and
   to Steve Weller, Kailen Mooney, and two anonymous reviewers for
   providing feedback on manuscript drafts.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{83}},
Times-Cited = {{22}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{160}},
Journal-ISO = {{Oecologia}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AP6RP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342205600015}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000341081400011,
Author = {Lowenstein, David M. and Matteson, Kevin C. and Xiao, Iyan and Silva,
   Alexandra M. and Minor, Emily S.},
Title = {{Humans, bees, and pollination services in the city: the case of Chicago,
   IL (USA)}},
Journal = {{BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{11}},
Pages = {{2857-2874}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Despite the global trend in urbanization, little is known about patterns
   of biodiversity or provisioning of ecosystem services in urban areas.
   Bee communities and the pollination services they provide are important
   in cities, both for small-scale urban agriculture and native gardens. To
   better understand this important ecological issue, we examined bee
   communities, their response to novel floral resources, and their
   potential to provide pollination services in 25 neighborhoods across
   Chicago, IL (USA). In these neighborhoods, we evaluated how local floral
   resources, socioeconomic factors, and surrounding land cover affected
   abundance, richness, and community composition of bees active in summer.
   We also quantified species-specific body pollen loads and visitation
   frequencies to potted flowering purple coneflower plants (Echinacea
   purpurea) to estimate potential pollination services in each
   neighborhood. We documented 37 bee species and 79 flowering plant genera
   across all neighborhoods, with 8 bee species and 14 flowering plant
   genera observed on average along each neighborhood block. We found that
   both bee abundance and richness increased in neighborhoods with higher
   human population density, as did visitation to purple coneflower flower
   heads. In more densely populated neighborhoods, bee communities shifted
   to a suite of species that carry more pollen and are more active
   pollinators in this system, including the European honey bee (Apis
   mellifera) and native species such as Agapostemon virescens. More
   densely populated neighborhoods also had a greater diversity of
   flowering plants, suggesting that the positive relationship between
   people and bees was mediated by the effect of people on floral
   resources. Other environmental variables that were important for bee
   communities included the amount of grass/herbaceous cover and solar
   radiation in the surrounding area. Our results indicate that bee
   communities and pollination services can be maintained in dense urban
   neighborhoods with single-family and multi-family homes, as long as
   those neighborhoods contain diverse and abundant floral resources.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Minor, ES (Corresponding Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, 845 W Taylor St M-C 066, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
   Lowenstein, David M.; Matteson, Kevin C.; Silva, Alexandra M.; Minor, Emily S., Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
   Xiao, Iyan, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat \& Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
   Minor, Emily S., Univ Illinois, Inst Environm Sci \& Policy, Chicago, IL USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10531-014-0752-0}},
ISSN = {{0960-3115}},
EISSN = {{1572-9710}},
Keywords = {{Pollinators; Human-environment interactions; Urban; Floral visitation;
   Floral resources; Ecosystem service}},
Keywords-Plus = {{REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CROP POLLINATION;
   APIS-MELLIFERA; LAND-USE; DIVERSITY; PLANTS; BIODIVERSITY; HYMENOPTERA;
   PATTERNS}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{eminor@uic.edu}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Minor, Emily/0000-0003-3906-3044}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) {[}DEB-1120376]}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors thank the staff at UIC's plant research laboratory for
   assisting with care for Echinacea and John Ascher for bee
   identification. Thanks to Amelie Davis for thoughtful comments on an
   earlier version of this manuscript and Eric Lonsdorf for help with the
   solar radiation calculations. We also thank two anonymous reviewers,
   whose suggestions improved the manuscript. This work was funded by NSF
   Proposal Number: DEB-1120376.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
Times-Cited = {{53}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{357}},
Journal-ISO = {{Biodivers. Conserv.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AO1OB}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000341081400011}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000340312100035,
Author = {Ricou, Charles and Schneller, Chloe and Amiaud, Bernard and Plantureux,
   Sylvain and Bockstaller, Christian},
Title = {{A vegetation-based indicator to assess the pollination value of field
   margin flora}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{45}},
Pages = {{320-331}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Conservation of pollinator abundance and diversity is an important issue
   because it contributes to maintaining a diverse community of plant
   species in agroecosystems. The presence of semi-natural areas favorable
   to pollination is a key factor for achieving this objective of
   sustainability. Sowing mixtures of dicotyledonous plants that are rich
   in pollen and nectar as flower strips along field margins is an
   efficient solution to attract pollinators and to support their foraging
   activity on arable land. The enhancement of agroecosystems requires
   operational methods that make it possible to assess the impact of
   existing and sown semi-natural areas on pollination. We developed here a
   new predictive indicator that can be used at the field margin and floral
   levels, which predicts the pollination value of floral diversity and
   abundance of field margins on arable land.
   We based the predictive indicator on decision trees using ``if-then{''}
   linguistic rules because of the lack of sufficient quantitative
   knowledge about the relationships between floral traits and pollination.
   This approach makes it possible to use quantitative and qualitative
   information. We associated fuzzy subsets to the decision trees and the
   classes of variables in order to avoid the knife-edge effect of class
   limits. At the species level, the indicator depends on three criteria:
   (i) visual attractiveness in terms of flower size, color and UV
   reflection; (ii) flower accessibility according to the botanical family,
   the symmetry and the shape of the flower; and (iii) the reward linked to
   pollen and nectar quantity and quality. An aggregation procedure allows
   us to obtain a value at the field margin level for each month as a
   function of the flowering period and pollination activity. Examples of
   calculations for honeybees, wild bees, bumblebees and hoverflies are
   shown.
   The evaluation of the predictive quality yielded significant
   correlations between pollinator abundance and the indicator value. The
   level of correlation is satisfying for this type of indicator, which
   might be further improved with additional data on plant traits. Coupling
   this indicator with a model that assesses the impact of management on
   plant diversity and abundance will be a further step to help agronomists
   who work on the improvement of arable farming management in order to
   lower its negative impact on pollination. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All
   rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bockstaller, C (Corresponding Author), INRA, UMR Agron \& Environm 1121, BP 20507, F-68021 Colmar, France.
   Ricou, Charles; Schneller, Chloe; Plantureux, Sylvain; Bockstaller, Christian, INRA, UMR Agron \& Environm 1121, F-68021 Colmar, France.
   Ricou, Charles; Schneller, Chloe; Plantureux, Sylvain; Bockstaller, Christian, Univ Lorraine, UMR Agron \& Environm 1121, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
   Amiaud, Bernard, Univ Lorraine, UMR Ecol \& Ecophysiol Forestieres 1137, Nancy, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.022}},
ISSN = {{1470-160X}},
EISSN = {{1872-7034}},
Keywords = {{Fuzzy logic; Predictive quality; Bees; Bumblebees; Hoverflies;
   Semi-natural habitat; Ecosystem services}},
Keywords-Plus = {{AGRI-ENVIRONMENT SCHEMES; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; HONEY-BEES; POLLEN QUALITY;
   AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; FORAGING BUMBLEBEES; SPECIES RICHNESS;
   ARABLE FARMLAND; FLOWER CHOICE; BIODIVERSITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{christian.bockstaller@colmar.inra.fr}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{ANR (The French National Research Agency)French National Research Agency
   (ANR) {[}ANR-STRA-08-02]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the ANR (The French National Research
   Agency): ANR-STRA-08-02 Advherb project. We are grateful to S. Gaba and
   B. Chauvel for their help in selecting fields in the Dijon region, in
   identifying floral species and for the protocol to assess floral
   abundance. Thanks also to the Agronomy and Viticulture Experimentation
   Unit (SEAV) of INRA Colmar for the management of flower strip
   experiments, as well as to Diego Cuenca, Marie Vanschepdael and Margot
   Brunias for their contribution to database filling and the discussion on
   indicators.}},
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Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{222}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecol. Indic.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AN0ZI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000340312100035}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000343726300011,
Author = {Larson, Jonathan L. and Kesheimer, Adam J. and Potter, Daniel A.},
Title = {{Pollinator assemblages on dandelions and white clover in urban and
   suburban lawns}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{18}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{863-873}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Flowering weeds, though often deemed undesirable in turfgrass lawns,
   provide food resources for declining pollinator populations in urbanized
   landscapes. We sampled bees and other pollinators directly from
   flowering common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and white clover
   (Trifolium repens) in lawns of similar character in central Kentucky USA
   to identify species likely to be exposed if such weeds are inadvertently
   oversprayed during application of lawn insecticides. We also tested the
   hypothesis that pollinator assemblages visiting spring-blooming white
   clover in urban and suburban lawns are as species-rich and diverse as in
   more rural lawn settings. We collected about 50 different species of
   insect pollinators, including 37 species of bees, from the
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   flies (Syrphidae), honey bees (Apis mellifera), and non-Apid wild bees
   predominated on dandelions whereas proportionately fewer hover flies and
   more A. mellifera and Bombus spp. visited white clover, especially in
   summer. Species richness of bees visiting white clover was similar in
   urban, suburban or periurban-rural lawns, although A. mellifera were
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   public awareness of the diversity of bees and other pollinators that
   visit flowering lawn weeds might help nurture a sociocultural shift
   toward more pollinator-friendly lawn care practices.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Potter, DA (Corresponding Author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, S-225 Agr Sci Bldg N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
   Larson, Jonathan L.; Kesheimer, Adam J.; Potter, Daniel A., Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10841-014-9694-9}},
ISSN = {{1366-638X}},
EISSN = {{1572-9753}},
Keywords = {{Urbanization; Pollinators; Bees; Lawns; White clover; Dandelion}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BUMBLE BEES BOMBUS; TURF; CONSERVATION; HYMENOPTERA; PATTERNS;
   ABUNDANCE; DECLINES; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; NECTAR}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{jonathan.larson@unl.edu
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{74}},
Times-Cited = {{41}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{166}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Insect Conserv.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AR6YE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000343726300011}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000343348400012,
Author = {Ravoet, Jorgen and De Smet, Lina and Meeus, Ivan and Smagghe, Guy and
   Wenseleers, Tom and de Graaf, Dirk C.},
Title = {{Widespread occurrence of honey bee pathogens in solitary bees}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{122}},
Pages = {{55-58}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Solitary bees and honey bees from a neighbouring apiary were screened
   for a broad set of putative pathogens including protists, fungi,
   spiroplasmas and viruses. Most sampled bees appeared to be infected with
   multiple parasites. Interestingly, viruses exclusively known from honey
   bees such as Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus and Varroa destructor
   Macula-like Virus were also discovered in solitary bees. A
   microsporidium found in Andrena vaga showed most resemblance to Nosema
   thomsoni. Our results suggest that bee hives represent a putative source
   of pathogens for other pollinators. Similarly, solitary bees may act as
   a reservoir of honey bee pathogens. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE}},
Address = {{525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ravoet, J (Corresponding Author), Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   Ravoet, Jorgen; De Smet, Lina; de Graaf, Dirk C., Univ Ghent, Lab Zoophysiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   Meeus, Ivan; Smagghe, Guy, Univ Ghent, Lab Agrozool, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   Wenseleers, Tom, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Socioecol \& Social Evolut, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.jip.2014.08.007}},
ISSN = {{0022-2011}},
EISSN = {{1096-0805}},
Keywords = {{Pathogens; Honey bees; Lake Sinai Virus; Crithidia mellificae; Apis
   mellifera Filamentous Virus}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APIS; PARASITE; HYMENOPTERA; BUMBLEBEES; PROTOZOA; BOMBUS}},
Research-Areas = {{Zoology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Zoology}},
Author-Email = {{Jorgen.Ravoet@UGent.be}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Smagghe, Guy/AAE-8914-2019
   Wenseleers, Tom/J-3960-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Smagghe, Guy/0000-0001-8334-3313
   Wenseleers, Tom/0000-0002-1434-861X
   ravoet, Jorgen/0000-0002-2904-7342}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO)FWO {[}G.0628.11]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO,
   research Grant G.0628.11).}},
Cited-References = {{Anisimova M, 2006, SYST BIOL, V55, P539, DOI 10.1080/10635150600755453.
   CLARK TB, 1985, INT J SYST BACTERIOL, V35, P296, DOI 10.1099/00207713-35-3-296.
   Cornman SR, 2010, BMC GENOMICS, V11, DOI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-602.
   de Miranda JR, 2012, CONTEMP TOP ENTOMOL, P71.
   De Smet L, 2012, PLOS ONE, V7, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0047953.
   Evison SEF, 2012, PLOS ONE, V7, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0030641.
   Fries I, 1999, EUR J PROTISTOL, V35, P183, DOI 10.1016/S0932-4739(99)80036-4.
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   Le SQ, 2008, MOL BIOL EVOL, V25, P1307, DOI 10.1093/molbev/msn067.
   Levitt AL, 2013, VIRUS RES, V176, P232, DOI 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.06.013.
   Li JL, 2012, INT J PARASITOL, V42, P49, DOI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.10.005.
   Lipa JJ, 1996, APIDOLOGIE, V27, P29, DOI 10.1051/apido:19960104.
   Macfarlane RP, 1995, BEE WORLD, V76, P130, DOI 10.1080/0005772X.1995.11099259.
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   Westrich P, 1990, WILDBIENEN BADEN WUR.
   Wynns AA, 2013, PLOS ONE, V8, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073419.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
Times-Cited = {{90}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{109}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Invertebr. Pathol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AR1MD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000343348400012}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000340017700011,
Author = {Norfolk, Olivia and Gilbert, Francis},
Title = {{Insect visitation rates to wild flowers increase in the presence of arid
   agriculture in South Sinai, Egypt}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{109}},
Pages = {{83-87}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{In temperate and tropical environments agricultural intensification has
   primarily negative consequences for pollinator conservation. However, in
   arid environments agriculture is often highly dependent on irrigation
   and farms can offer higher availability of floral resources than the
   external environment.
   This study compares floral visitation rates to wild plants inside and
   outside 40 agricultural gardens in South Sinai, Egypt. The mean number
   of flower visitors per plant during a 30 min focal watch was
   significantly higher inside the gardens than outside, and this was true
   of orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera.
   In total, 23 insect families were recorded inside the garden and 17
   outside. The average family richness per plant was significantly higher
   inside the gardens, with higher rates of family accumulation across
   focal plants. Pollinating insects (hoverflies, solitary bees and
   honeybees) all had higher visitation rates inside the gardens.
   Seed set was assessed for two common pollinator-dependent plants,
   Stachys aegyptiaca and Alkanna orientalis. Neither species showed a
   significant difference in the seed set achieved inside and outside of
   the gardens, but S. aegyptiaca produced a higher number of seeds per
   plant inside the gardens because plants tended to be larger.
   In contrast to many other studies, the presence of agriculture appears
   to increase the abundance and diversity of flower visitors in this
   under-studied system, with no negative effect on the seed set of two
   common wild species. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
   All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Norfolk, O (Corresponding Author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
   Norfolk, Olivia; Gilbert, Francis, Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.05.002}},
ISSN = {{0140-1963}},
EISSN = {{1095-922X}},
Keywords = {{Agriculture; Arid; Egypt; Insect; Plant; Pollinator; Seed set;
   Visitation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BIODIVERSITY; POLLINATION; COFFEE; BEES; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; SYSTEM}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{olivia\_norfolk@hotmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Norfolk, Olivia/AAL-8310-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Gilbert, Francis/0000-0002-2727-4103
   Norfolk, Olivia/0000-0002-2909-304X}},
Cited-References = {{Altieri MA, 1999, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V74, P19, DOI 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00028-6.
   Ayyad MA, 2000, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V9, P265, DOI 10.1023/A:1008973906522.
   Bates D., 2005, R NEWS, V5, P27, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1523-1739

repository: lizlaw/flashLIT

repo_name: lizlaw/flashLIT

filename: savedrecs (2).bib