text:
metasystem transition is derived from the law of requisite variety and the principle of hierarchy. It is defined as the increase of variety at the object level, accompanied by the emergence of a situation-dependent control at a metalevel. It produces a new level of evolution, with a much higher capacity for adaptation. The most important levels are discussed, with an emphasis on the level characterizing man as distinct from the animals. An analysis of the shortcomings of this "rational" system of cognition leads to a first sketch of how the next higher "meta-rational" level would look like.},
	booktitle = {in {The} {Cybernetics} of {Complex} {Systems} – {Self}-organisation, {Evolution} and {Social} {Change}},
	author = {Heylighen, Francis},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {vveitas:cognitive\_development},
	pages = {75--91},
	file = {Heylighen.1991.CognitiveLevelsOfEvolution.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Heylighen.1991.CognitiveLevelsOfEvolution.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@misc{crick_towards_1990,
	type = {Articles},
	title = {Towards a {Neurobiological} {Theory} of {Consciousness}},
	copyright = {Reprinted from Seminars in the Neurosciences, vol. 2, Crick, Francis, and Christof Koch, "Towards a Neurobiological Theory    of Consciousness," pp. 263-275, Copyright 1990, with permission from Elsevier.},
	url = {http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/ResourceMetadata/SCBCFD},
	abstract = {Item is a photocopy.},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2013-12-02},
	journal = {Crick, Francis, and Christof Koch. "Towards a Neurobiological Theory of Consciousness." Seminars in the Neurosciences    2, (1990): 263-275. Article. 13 Images.},
	author = {Crick, Francis and Koch, Christof},
	year = {1990},
	file = {Crick.Koch.1990.TowardsANeurobiologicalTheroyOfConsciousness.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Crick.Koch.1990.TowardsANeurobiologicalTheroyOfConsciousness.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@misc{goertzel_relationship_2013,
	type = {Blog},
	title = {The {Relationship} {Between} {PLN} {Inference} and {Gibbs} {Sampling} ({Some} {Thought}-{Experiments})},
	url = {http://blog.opencog.org/2013/09/14/a-possible-connection-between-pln-and-markov-logic-networks/},
	urldate = {2013-02-12},
	journal = {OpenCog Brainware},
	author = {Goertzel, Ben},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	file = {Goertzel.2013.TheRelationshipBetweenPLNINferenceAndGibbsSampling_BlogPost.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Goertzel.2013.TheRelationshipBetweenPLNINferenceAndGibbsSampling_BlogPost.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{resnik_gibbs_2010,
	title = {Gibbs {Sampling} for the {Uninitiated}},
	url = {http://drum.lib.umd.edu//handle/1903/10058},
	abstract = {This document is intended for computer scientists who would like to try out a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, particularly in order to do inference with Bayesian models on problems related to text processing. We try to keep theory to the absolute minimum needed, though we work through the details much more explicitly than you usually see even in "introductory" explanations. That means we've attempted to be ridiculously explicit in our exposition and notation. After providing the reasons and reasoning behind Gibbs sampling (and at least nodding our heads in the direction of theory), we work through an example application in detail{\textbar}the derivation of a Gibbs sampler for a Naive Bayes model. Along with the example, we discuss some practical implementation issues, including the integrating out of continuous parameters when possible. We conclude with some pointers to literature that we've found to be somewhat more friendly to uninitiated readers.},
	language = {en\_US},
	urldate = {2013-12-02},
	author = {Resnik, Philip and Hardisty, Eric},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	file = {Resnik.Hardisty.2010.GibbsSamplingForUninitiated.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Resnik.Hardisty.2010.GibbsSamplingForUninitiated.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{singh_examining_2004,
	title = {Examining the {Society} of {Mind}},
	volume = {22},
	abstract = {This article examines Marvin Minsky's Society of Mind theory of human cognition. We describe some of the history behind the theory, review several of the specific mechanisms and representations that Minsky proposes, and consider related developments in Artificial Intelligence since the theory's publication.},
	journal = {Computing and Informatics},
	author = {Singh, Push},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {521--543},
	file = {Singh.2004.ExaminingTheSocietyOfMind.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Singh.2004.ExaminingTheSocietyOfMind.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@techreport{voorhees_population_2008,
	address = {Rochester, NY},
	type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},
	title = {A {Population} {Model} of the {Stability}-{Flexibility} {Tradeoff}},
	url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1505289},
	abstract = {We present a population model illustrating the concept of virtual stability, i.e. the idea that complex adaptive systems with the capacity for self-monitoring and adaptive control are able to maintain themselves in states that would otherwise be unstable. The advantage gained from this is increased behavioral flexibility in the face of random environmental perturbations. In the model presented, transition probabilities between three population types are used to emulate stability: stable types have low probabilities of making transitions to other types, and unstable types have high transition probabilities. The model itself consists of two stable types and one unstable type, and conditions are explored that lead to dominance by the unstable type. Under certain conditions the unstable type can defeat a stable type, even in an environment that always favors the stable type.},
	number = {ID 1505289},
	urldate = {2013-11-27},
	institution = {Social Science Research Network},
	author = {Voorhees, Burton},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	file = {Voorhees.2008.APopulationModelOfTheStabilityStabilityFlexibilityTradeoff.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Voorhees.2008.APopulationModelOfTheStabilityStabilityFlexibilityTradeoff.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{voorhees_two_2014,
	series = {Emergence, {Complexity} and {Computation}},
	title = {Two {Conceptual} {Models} for {Aspects} of {Complex} {Systems} {Behavior}},
	copyright = {©2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland},
	isbn = {978-3-319-00253-8 978-3-319-00254-5},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-00254-5_6},
	abstract = {This chapter presents two toy models dealing with trade-off issues arising in complex systems research. After comparison of modeling in classical physics and complex systems theorizing these models are discussed in detail. The first examines the trade-off between stability and flexibility in an environment subject to random fluctuations. The second compares possible response strategies in cases of potential risk and reward. The first model illustrates the general complex systems concept of virtual stability, defined as a condition in which a system maintains itself in an unstable state between attracting response states in order to gain flexibility in the face of random environmental fluctuations. The second model considers the trade-off between quickness and accuracy in cases of bounded decision time and information. Both models relate to decision processes in complex adaptive systems and some of their implications in this regard are discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2013-11-27},
	booktitle = {How {Nature} {Works}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Voorhees, Burton},
	editor = {Zelinka, Ivan and Sanayei, Ali and Zenil, Hector and Rössler, Otto E.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	pages = {101--130},
	file = {Voorhees.2014.ToyModelsForComplexSystemsTheorizing.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Voorhees.2014.ToyModelsForComplexSystemsTheorizing.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{vlassis_concise_2007,
	title = {A {Concise} {Introduction} to {Multiagent} {Systems} and {Distributed} {Artificial} {Intelligence}},
	isbn = {978-1-59829-526-9},
	abstract = {Multiagent systems is an expanding field that blends classical fields like game theory and decentralized control with modern fields like computer science and machine learning. This monograph provides a concise introduction to the subject, covering the theoretical foundations as well as more recent developments in a coherent and readable manner. The text is centered on the concept of an agent as decision maker. Chapter 1 is a short introduction to the field of multiagent systems. Chapter 2 covers the basic theory of singleagent decision making under uncertainty. Chapter 3 is a brief introduction to game theory, explaining classical concepts like Nash equilibrium. Chapter 4 deals with the fundamental problem of coordinating a team of collaborative agents. Chapter 5 studies the problem of multiagent reasoning and decision making under partial observability. Chapter 6 focuses on the design of protocols that are stable against manipulations by self-interested agents. Chapter 7 provides a short introduction to the rapidly expanding field of multiagent reinforcement learning. The material can be used for teaching a half-semester course on multiagent systems covering, roughly, one chapter per lecture.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Morgan \& Claypool Publishers},
	author = {Vlassis, Nikos},
	year = {2007},
	file = {Vlassis.2007.AConciseIntroductionToMultiagentSystemsAndDistributedArtificialIntelligence.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Vlassis.2007.AConciseIntroductionToMultiagentSystemsAndDistributedArtificialIntelligence.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@techreport{veitas_software_2012,
	title = {Software architecture of the challenge propagation model},
	url = {http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/GBI/vveitas.SoftwareArchitecture.pdf},
	number = {2012-06},
	urldate = {2013-01-14},
	author = {Veitas, V.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {vveitas:challprop\_roadmap, vveitas:challprop\_presentation},
	file = {[PDF] from vub.ac.be:/home/kabir/Zotero/storage/T95D2JWD/Veitas - 2012 - Software architecture of the challenge propagation.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{mayer-kress_global_1995,
	title = {The global brain as an emergent structure from the {Worldwide} {Computing} {Network}, and its implications for modeling},
	volume = {11},
	url = {http://www.ccsr.uiuc.edu/web/Techreports/1990-94/CCSR-94-22.pdf},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The information society},
	author = {Mayer-Kress, G. and Barczys, C.},
	year = {1995},
	keywords = {vveitas:challprop\_presentation},
	pages = {1--27},
	file = {Google Scholar Linked Page:/home/kabir/Zotero/storage/495X3QJS/01972243.1995.html:text/html}
}

@techreport{heylighen_distributed_2013,
	type = {{GBI} {Working} {Paper}},
	title = {Distributed {Intelligence} {Technologies}: a survey of future applications and implications of the {Global} {Brain}, rev1},
	author = {Heylighen, Francis},
	month = nov,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {vveitas:challprop\_presentation},
	file = {Heylighen.2013.ver1.DistributedIntelligenceTechnologies.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Heylighen.2013.ver1.DistributedIntelligenceTechnologies.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{levy_semantic_2013,
	title = {The {Semantic} {Sphere} 1: {Computation}, {Cognition} and {Information} {Economy}},
	isbn = {978-1-118-60151-8},
	shorttitle = {The {Semantic} {Sphere} 1},
	abstract = {The new digital media offers us an unprecedented memory capacity, an ubiquitous communication channel and a growing computing power. How can we exploit this medium to augment our personal and social cognitive processes at the service of human development? Combining a deep knowledge of humanities and social sciences as well as a real familiarity with computer science issues, this book explains the collaborative construction of a global hypercortex coordinated by a computable metalanguage. By recognizing fully the symbolic and social nature of human cognition, we could transform our current opaque global brain into a reflexive collective intelligence.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	author = {Levy, Pierre},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	file = {Levy.2011.TheSemanticSphere1ComputationCognitionAndInformationEconomy.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Levy.2011.TheSemanticSphere1ComputationCognitionAndInformationEconomy.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{surowiecki_wisdom_2005,
	title = {The {Wisdom} of {Crowds}},
	isbn = {978-0-307-27505-9},
	abstract = {In this fascinating book, New Yorker business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliant–better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future. With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world.From the Trade Paperback edition.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Random House LLC},
	author = {Surowiecki, James},
	month = aug,
	year = {2005},
	file = {Surowiecki.2005.TheWisdomOfCrowds.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Surowiecki.2005.TheWisdomOfCrowds.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{alag_collective_2008,
	title = {Collective {Intelligence} in {Action}},
	isbn = {978-1-933988-31-3},
	abstract = {There's a great deal of wisdom in a crowd, but how do you listen to a thousand people talking at once? Identifying the wants, needs, and knowledge of internet users can be like listening to a mob. In the Web 2.0 era, leveraging the collective power of user contributions, interactions, and feedback is the key to market dominance. A new category of powerful programming techniques lets you discover the patterns, inter-relationships, and individual profiles-the collective intelligence--locked in the data people leave behind as they surf websites, post blogs, and interact with other users. Collective Intelligence in Action is a hands-on guidebook for implementing collective intelligence concepts using Java. It is the first Java-based book to emphasize the underlying algorithms and technical implementation of vital data gathering and mining techniques like analyzing trends, discovering relationships, and making predictions. It provides a pragmatic approach to personalization by combining content-based analysis with collaborative approaches. This book is for Java developers implementing Collective Intelligence in real, high-use applications. Following a running example in which you harvest and use information from blogs, you learn to develop software that you can embed in your own applications. The code examples are immediately reusable and give the Java developer a working collective intelligence toolkit. Along the way, you work with, a number of APIs and open-source toolkits including text analysis and search using Lucene, web-crawling using Nutch, and applying machine learning algorithms using WEKA and the Java Data Mining (JDM) standard. Purchase of the print book comes with an offer of a free PDF, ePub, and Kindle eBook from Manning. Also available is all code from the book.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Manning Publications Company},
	author = {Alag, Satnam},
	year = {2008},
	file = {Alag.2008.CollectiveIntelligenceInAction.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Alag.2008.CollectiveIntelligenceInAction.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@misc{lizier_jidt:_2013,
	title = {{JIDT}: {An} information-thoeretic toolkit for studying the dynamics of complex systems},
	url = {https://code.google.com/p/information-dynamics-toolkit/},
	author = {Lizier, Jozeph T.},
	year = {2013},
	file = {Lizier.2013.JIDTAnInformationTheoreticToolkitForStudyingTheDynamicsOfComplexSystems.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Lizier.2013.JIDTAnInformationTheoreticToolkitForStudyingTheDynamicsOfComplexSystems.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{heaton_introduction_2008,
	address = {St. Louis},
	title = {Introduction to neural networks with {Java}},
	isbn = {978-1-60439-008-7 1-60439-008-5},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Heaton Research},
	author = {Heaton, Jeff},
	year = {2008}
}

@book{heaton_programming_2011,
	title = {Programming neural networks with {Encog}3 in {Java}},
	isbn = {1-60439-021-2 978-1-60439-021-6},
	language = {English},
	author = {Heaton, Jeff},
	year = {2011}
}

@techreport{schreiber_measuring_2000,
	type = {{arXiv} e-print},
	title = {Measuring {Information} {Transfer}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0001042},
	abstract = {An information theoretic measure is derived that quantifies the statistical coherence between systems evolving in time. The standard time delayed mutual information fails to distinguish information that is actually exchanged from shared information due to common history and input signals. In our new approach, these influences are excluded by appropriate conditioning of transition probabilities. The resulting transfer entropy is able to distinguish driving and responding elements and to detect asymmetry in the coupling of subsystems.},
	number = {nlin/0001042},
	urldate = {2013-09-22},
	author = {Schreiber, Thomas},
	month = jan,
	year = {2000},
	note = {Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 461},
	file = {Schreiber.2000.MeasuringInformationTransfer.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Schreiber.2000.MeasuringInformationTransfer.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@techreport{baronchelli_networks_2013,
	type = {{arXiv} e-print},
	title = {Networks in {Cognitive} {Science}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6736},
	abstract = {Networks of interconnected nodes have long played a key role in Cognitive Science, from artificial neural net- works to spreading activation models of semantic mem- ory. Recently, however, a new Network Science has been developed, providing insights into the emergence of global, system-scale properties in contexts as diverse as the Internet, metabolic reactions, and collaborations among scientists. Today, the inclusion of network theory into Cognitive Sciences, and the expansion of complex- systems science, promises to significantly change the way in which the organization and dynamics of cognitive and behavioral processes are understood. In this paper, we review recent contributions of network theory at different levels and domains within the Cognitive Sciences.},
	number = {1304.6736},
	urldate = {2013-09-22},
	author = {Baronchelli, Andrea and Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon and Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo and Chater, Nick and Christiansen, Morten H.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Trends in Cognitive Science 17(7), 348-360 (2013)},
	file = {BaronchelliEtAl.2013.NetworksInCogitiveScience.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/BaronchelliEtAl.2013.NetworksInCogitiveScience.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{weber_evolution_2003,
	title = {Evolution and {Learning}: {The} {Baldwin} {Effect} {Reconsidered}},
	isbn = {978-0-262-23229-6},
	shorttitle = {Evolution and {Learning}},
	abstract = {The role of genetic inheritance dominates current evolutionary theory. At the end of the nineteenth century, however, several evolutionary theorists independently speculated that learned behaviors could also affect the direction and rate of evolutionary change. This notion was called the Baldwin effect, after the psychologist James Mark Baldwin. In recent years, philosophers and theorists of a variety of ontological and epistemological backgrounds have begun to employ the Baldwin effect in their accounts of the evolutionary emergence of mind and of how mind, through behavior, might affect evolution.The essays in this book discuss the originally proposed Baldwin effect, how it was modified over time, and its possible contribution to contemporary empirical and theoretical evolutionary studies. The topics include the effect of the modern evolutionary synthesis on the notion of the Baldwin effect, the nature and role of niche construction in contemporary evolutionary theory, the Baldwin effect in the context of developmental systems theory, the possible role of the Baldwin effect in computational cognitive science biosemiotics, and the emergence of consciousness and language.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Weber, Bruce H. and Depew, David J.},
	year = {2003},
	file = {WeberDepew.2003.EvolutionAndLearningTheBaldwinEffectReconsidered.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/WeberDepew.2003.EvolutionAndLearningTheBaldwinEffectReconsidered.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{christiansen_language_2008,
	title = {Language as shaped by the brain},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0140-525X, 1469-1825},
	url = {http://groups.lis.illinois.edu/amag/langev/paper/christiansen07languageBrain.html},
	doi = {10.1017/S0140525X08004998},
	number = {05},
	urldate = {2013-09-22},
	journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
	author = {Christiansen, Morten H. and Chater, Nick},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	file = {ChristiansenChater.2008.LanguageASShapedByTheBrain.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/ChristiansenChater.2008.LanguageASShapedByTheBrain.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{rabinovich_principles_2012,
	title = {Principles of {Brain} {Dynamics}: {Global} {State} {Interactions}},
	isbn = {978-0-262-01764-0},
	shorttitle = {Principles of {Brain} {Dynamics}},
	abstract = {The consideration of time or dynamics is fundamental for all aspects of mental activity -- perception, cognition, and emotion -- because the main feature of brain activity is the continuous change of the underlying brain states even in a constant environment. The application of nonlinear dynamics to the study of brain activity began to flourish in the 1990s when combined with empirical observations from modern morphological and physiological observations. This book offers perspectives on brain dynamics that draw on the latest advances in research in the field. It includes contributions from both theoreticians and experimentalists, offering an eclectic treatment of fundamental issues. Topics addressed range from experimental and computational approaches to transient brain dynamics to the free-energy principle as a global brain theory. The book concludes with a short but rigorous guide to modern nonlinear dynamics and their application to neural dynamics.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Rabinovich, Mikhail I. and Friston, Karl J. and Varona, Pablo},
	year = {2012}
}

@article{markram_human_2012,
	title = {The {Human} {Brain} {Project}},
	volume = {306},
	copyright = {© 2012 Nature Publishing Group},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v306/n6/full/scientificamerican0612-50.html},
	doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0612-50},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2013-09-22},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	author = {Markram, Henry},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {50--55},
	file = {Markram.2012.TheHumanBrainProject.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Markram.2012.TheHumanBrainProject.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{deco_ongoing_2012,
	title = {Ongoing {Cortical} {Activity} at {Rest}: {Criticality}, {Multistability}, and {Ghost} {Attractors}},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401},
	shorttitle = {Ongoing {Cortical} {Activity} at {Rest}},
	url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/10/3366},
	doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2523-11.2012},
	abstract = {The ongoing activity of the brain at rest, i.e., under no stimulation and in absence of any task, is astonishingly highly structured into spatiotemporal patterns. These spatiotemporal patterns, called resting state networks, display low-frequency characteristics ({\textless}0.1 Hz) observed typically in the BOLD-fMRI signal of human subjects. We aim here to understand the origins of resting state activity through modeling via a global spiking attractor network of the brain. This approach offers a realistic mechanistic model at the level of each single brain area based on spiking neurons and realistic AMPA, NMDA, and GABA synapses. Integrating the biologically realistic diffusion tensor imaging/diffusion spectrum imaging-based neuroanatomical connectivity into the brain model, the resultant emerging resting state functional connectivity of the brain network fits quantitatively best the experimentally observed functional connectivity in humans when the brain network operates at the edge of instability. Under these conditions, the slow fluctuating ({\textless}0.1 Hz) resting state networks emerge as structured noise fluctuations around a stable low firing activity equilibrium state in the presence of latent “ghost” multistable attractors. The multistable attractor landscape defines a functionally meaningful dynamic repertoire of the brain network that is inherently present in the neuroanatomical connectivity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2013-09-22},
	journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
	author = {Deco, Gustavo and Jirsa, Viktor K.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22399758},
	pages = {3366--3375},
	file = {DecoJirsa.2012.OngoingCorticalActivityAtRestCriticalityMultistabilityAndGhostAttractors.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/DecoJirsa.2012.OngoingCorticalActivityAtRestCriticalityMultistabilityAndGhostAttractors.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{vincent_intrinsic_2007,
	title = {Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain},
	volume = {447},
	copyright = {© 2007 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v447/n7140/full/nature05758.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nature05758},
	abstract = {The traditional approach to studying brain function is to measure physiological responses to controlled sensory, motor and cognitive paradigms. However, most of the brain’s energy consumption is devoted to ongoing metabolic activity not clearly associated with any particular stimulus or behaviour. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in humans aimed at understanding this ongoing activity have shown that spontaneous fluctuations of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal occur continuously in the resting state. In humans, these fluctuations are temporally coherent within widely distributed cortical systems that recapitulate the functional architecture of responses evoked by experimentally administered tasks. Here, we show that the same phenomenon is present in anaesthetized monkeys even at anaesthetic levels known to induce profound loss of consciousness. We specifically demonstrate coherent spontaneous fluctuations within three well known systems (oculomotor, somatomotor and visual) and the ‘default’ system, a set of brain regions thought by some to support uniquely human capabilities. Our results indicate that coherent system fluctuations probably reflect an evolutionarily conserved aspect of brain functional organization that transcends levels of consciousness.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7140},
	urldate = {2013-09-22},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Vincent, J. L. and Patel, G. H. and Fox, M. D. and Snyder, A. Z. and Baker, J. T. and Van Essen, D. C. and Zempel, J. M. and Snyder, L. H. and Corbetta, M. and Raichle, M. E.},
	month = may,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {83--86},
	file = {VincentEtAl.2007.IntrinsicFunctionalArchitectureInTheAnaesthtizedMonkeyBrain.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/VincentEtAl.2007.IntrinsicFunctionalArchitectureInTheAnaesthtizedMonkeyBrain.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{fox_human_2005,
	title = {The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks},
	volume = {102},
	issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/102/27/9673},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0504136102},
	abstract = {During performance of attention-demanding cognitive tasks, certain regions of the brain routinely increase activity, whereas others routinely decrease activity. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this task-related dichotomy is represented intrinsically in the resting human brain through examination of spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent signal. We identify two diametrically opposed, widely distributed brain networks on the basis of both spontaneous correlations within each network and anticorrelations between networks. One network consists of regions routinely exhibiting task-related activations and the other of regions routinely exhibiting task-related deactivations. This intrinsic organization, featuring the presence of anticorrelated networks in the absence of overt task performance, provides a critical context in which to understand brain function. We suggest that both task-driven neuronal responses and behavior are reflections of this dynamic, ongoing, functional organization of the brain.},
	language = {en},
	number = {27},
	urldate = {2013-09-22},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	author = {Fox, Michael D. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Vincent, Justin L. and Corbetta, Maurizio and Essen, David C. Van and Raichle, Marcus E.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {15976020},
	pages = {9673--9678},
	file = {Fox.EtAl.2005.TheHumanBrainIsIntrincisallyOrganizedIntoDynamicAnticorrelatedFunctionalNetworks.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Fox.EtAl.2005.TheHumanBrainIsIntrincisallyOrganizedIntoDynamicAnticorrelatedFunctionalNetworks.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{ghrab_analytics-aware_2013,
	series = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}},
	title = {An {Analytics}-{Aware} {Conceptual} {Model} for {Evolving} {Graphs}},
	copyright = {©2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
	isbn = {978-3-642-40130-5 978-3-642-40131-2},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-40131-2_1},
	abstract = {Graphs are ubiquitous data structures commonly used to represent highly connected data. Many real-world applications, such as social and biological networks, are modeled as graphs. To answer the surge for graph data management, many graph database solutions were developed. These databases are commonly classified as NoSQL graph databases, and they provide better support for graph data management than their relational counterparts. However, each of these databases implement their own operational graph data model, which differ among the products. Further, there is no commonly agreed conceptual model for graph databases. In this paper, we introduce a novel conceptual model for graph databases. The aim of our model is to provide analysts with a set of simple, well-defined, and adaptable conceptual components to perform rich analysis tasks. These components take into account the evolving aspect of the graph. Our model is analytics-oriented, flexible and incremental, enabling analysis over evolving graph data. The proposed model provides a typing mechanism for the underlying graph, and formally defines the minimal set of data structures and operators needed to analyze the graph.},
	number = {8057},
	urldate = {2013-09-12},
	booktitle = {Data {Warehousing} and {Knowledge} {Discovery}},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Ghrab, Amine and Skhiri, Sabri and Jouili, Salim and Zimányi, Esteban},
	editor = {Bellatreche, Ladjel and Mohania, Mukesh K.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1--12},
	file = {Ghrab.EtAl.2013.AnAnalyticsAwareConceptualModelForEvolvingGraphs.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Ghrab.EtAl.2013.AnAnalyticsAwareConceptualModelForEvolvingGraphs.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@techreport{lagi_food_2011,
	address = {Rochester, NY},
	type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},
	title = {The {Food} {Crises}: {A} {Quantitative} {Model} of {Food} {Prices} {Including} {Speculators} and {Ethanol} {Conversion}},
	shorttitle = {The {Food} {Crises}},
	url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1932247},
	abstract = {Recent increases in basic food prices are severely impacting vulnerable populations worldwide. Proposed causes such as shortages of grain due to adverse weather, increasing meat consumption in China and India, conversion of corn to ethanol in the US, and investor speculation on commodity markets lead to widely diring implications for policy. A lack of clarity about which factors are responsible reinforces policy inaction. Here, for the first time, we construct a dynamic model that quantitatively agrees with food prices. The results show that the dominant causes of price increases are investor speculation and ethanol conversion. Models that just treat supply and demand are not consistent with the actual price dynamics. The two sharp peaks in 2007/2008 and 2010/2011 are specifically due to investor speculation, while an underlying trend is due to increasing demand from ethanol conversion. The model includes investor trend-following as well as shifting between commodities, equities and bonds to take advantage of increased expected returns. Claims that speculators cannot influence grain prices are shown to be invalid by direct analysis of price setting practices of granaries. Both causes of price increase, speculative investment and ethanol conversion, are promoted by recent regulatory changes - deregulation of the commodity markets, and policies promoting the conversion of corn to ethanol. Rapid action is needed to reduce the impacts of the price increases on global hunger.},
	number = {ID 1932247},
	urldate = {2013-09-01},
	institution = {Social Science Research Network},
	author = {Lagi, Marco and Bar-Yam, Yavni and Bertrand, Karla Z. and Bar-Yam, Yaneer},
	month = sep,
	year = {2011},
	file = {Lagi.EtAl.2012.TheFoodCrisesPredictiveValidatoinOfAQuantitativeModel.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Lagi.EtAl.2012.TheFoodCrisesPredictiveValidatoinOfAQuantitativeModel.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@techreport{lagi_food_2011-1,
	address = {Rochester, NY},
	type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},
	title = {The {Food} {Crises} and {Political} {Instability} in {North} {Africa} and the {Middle} {East}},
	url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1910031},
	abstract = {Social unrest may reflect a variety of factors such as poverty, unemployment, and social injustice. Despite the many possible contributing factors, the timing of violent protests in North Africa and the Middle East in 2011 as well as earlier riots in 2008 coincides with large peaks in global food prices. We identify a specific food price threshold above which protests become likely. These observations suggest that protests may reflect not only long-standing political failings of governments, but also the sudden desperate straits of vulnerable populations. If food prices remain high, there is likely to be persistent and increasing global social disruption. Underlying the food price peaks we also find an ongoing trend of increasing prices. We extrapolate these trends and identify a crossing point to the domain of high impacts, even without price peaks, in 2012-2013. This implies that avoiding global food crises and associated social unrest requires rapid and concerted action.},
	number = {ID 1910031},
	urldate = {2013-09-01},
	institution = {Social Science Research Network},
	author = {Lagi, Marco and Bertrand, Karla Z. and Bar-Yam, Yaneer},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	file = {Lagi.EtAl.2011.TheFoodCrisisAndPoliticalInstability.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Lagi.EtAl.2011.TheFoodCrisisAndPoliticalInstability.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{darwin_origin_2008,
	title = {On the {Origin} of {Species}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-156882-4},
	abstract = {'can we doubt ... that individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance of surviving and of procreating their kind?' In the Origin of Species (1859) Darwin challenged many of the most deeply held beliefs of the Western world. His insistence on the immense length of the past and on the abundance of life-forms, present and extinct, dislodged man from his central position in creation and called into question the role of the Creator. He showed that new species are achieved by natural selection, and that absence of plan is an inherent part of the evolutionary process. Darwin's prodigious reading, experimentation, and observations on his travels fed into his great work, which draws on material from the Galapagos Islands to rural Staffordshire, from English back gardens to colonial encounters. The present edition provides a detailed and accessible discussion of his theories and adds an account of the immediate responses to the book on publication. The resistances as well as the enthusiasms of the first readers cast light on recent controversies, particularly concerning questions of design and descent.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {OUP Oxford},
	author = {Darwin, Charles},
	month = nov,
	year = {2008},
	file = {Darwin.2009.TheOriginOfSpecies.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Darwin.2009.TheOriginOfSpecies.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{dennett_evolution_2001,
	title = {The {Evolution} of {Culture}},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {00269662},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=afh&AN=5105463&site=ehost-live},
	abstract = {Discusses the relevance of Richard Dawkins' meme's-eye point of view on explaining cultural evolution.   Scientific and narrative patterns in cultural evolution; Memes and cultural viruses; Charles Darwin's path to memetic engineering; Natural selection of musical memes; Unconscious and methodical selection of memes.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-08-31},
	journal = {Monist},
	author = {Dennett, Daniel C.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2001},
	pages = {305},
	file = {Dennet.2001.TheEvolutionOfCulture.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Dennet.2001.TheEvolutionOfCulture.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{gray_integrated_2007,
	title = {Integrated {Models} of {Cognitive} {Systems}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-804077-4},
	abstract = {The field of cognitive modeling has progressed beyond modeling cognition in the context of simple laboratory tasks and begun to attack the problem of modeling it in more complex, realistic environments, such as those studied by researchers in the field of human factors. The problems that the cognitive modeling community is tackling focus on modeling certain problems of communication and control that arise when integrating with the external environment factors such as implicit and explicit knowledge, emotion, cognition, and the cognitive system. These problems must be solved in order to produce integrated cognitive models of moderately complex tasks. Architectures of cognition in these tasks focus on the control of a central system, which includes control of the central processor itself, initiation of functional processes, such as visual search and memory retrieval, and harvesting the results of these functional processes. Because the control of the central system is conceptually different from the internal control required by individual functional processes, a complete architecture of cognition must incorporate two types of theories of control: Type 1 theories of the structure, functionality, and operation of the controller, and type 2 theories of the internal control of functional processes, including how and what they communicate to the controller. This book presents the current state of the art for both types of theories, as well as contrasts among current approaches to human-performance models. It will be an important resource for professional and student researchers in cognitive science, cognitive-engineering, and human-factors. Contributors: Kevin A. Gluck, Jerry T. Ball, Michael A. Krusmark, Richard W. Pew, Chris R. Sims, Vladislav D. Veksler, John R. Anderson, Ron Sun, Nicholas L. Cassimatis, Randy J. Brou, Andrew D. Egerton, Stephanie M. Doane, Christopher W. Myers, Hansjorg Neth, Jeremy M Wolfe, Marc Pomplun, Ronald A. Rensink, Hansjorg Neth, Chris R. Sims, Peter M. Todd, Lael J. Schooler, Wai-Tat Fu, Michael C. Mozer, Sachiko Kinoshita, Michael Shettel, Alex Kirlik, Vladislav D. Veksler, Michael J. Schoelles, Jerome R. Busemeyer, Eric Dimperio, Ryan K. Jessup, Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Glenn Gunzelmann, Kevin A. Gluck, Scott Price, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, David F. Dinges, Frank E. Ritter, Andrew L. Reifers, Laura Cousino Klein, Michael J. Schoelles, Eva Hudlicka, Hansjorg Neth, Christopher W. Myers, Dana Ballard, Nathan Sprague, Laurence T. Maloney, Julia Trommershauser, Michael S. Landy, A. Hornof, Michael J. Schoelles, David Kieras, Dario D. Salvucci, Niels Taatgen, Erik M. Altmann, Richard A. Carlson, Andrew Howes, Richard L. Lewis, Alonso Vera, Richard P. Cooper, and Michael D. Byrne},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	editor = {Gray, Wayne D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2007},
	file = {Gray(Ed).2007.IntegratedModelsOfCognitiveSystems.pdf:/media/vveitas/LibraryKing/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Gray(Ed).2007.IntegratedModelsOfCognitiveSystems.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{quirk_erasing_2010,
	title = {Erasing {Fear} {Memories} with {Extinction} {Training}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {0270-6474, 1529-2401},
	url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/45/14993},
	doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4268-10.2010},
	abstract = {Decades of behavioral studies have confirmed that extinction does not erase classically conditioned fear memories. For this reason, research efforts have focused on the mechanisms underlying the development of extinction-induced inhibition within fear circuits. However, recent studies in rodents have uncovered mechanisms that stabilize and destabilize fear memories, opening the possibility that extinction might be used to erase fear memories. This symposium focuses on several of these new developments, which involve the timing of extinction training. Extinction-induced erasure of fear occurs in very young rats, but is lost with the development of perineuronal nets in the amygdala that render fear memories impervious to extinction. Moreover, extinction administered during the reconsolidation phase, when fear memory is destabilized, updates the fear association as safe, thereby preventing the return of fear, in both rats and humans. The use of modified extinction protocols to eliminate fear memories complements existing pharmacological strategies for strengthening extinction.},
	language = {English},
	number = {45},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
	author = {Quirk, Gregory J. and Paré, Denis and Richardson, Rick and Herry, Cyril and Monfils, Marie H. and Schiller, Daniela and Vicentic, Aleksandra},
	month = nov,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {21068303},
	pages = {14993--14997},
	file = {Quirk.EtAl.2010.ErasingFearMemoriesWithExtinctionTraining.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Quirk.EtAl.2010.ErasingFearMemoriesWithExtinctionTraining.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{lio_artificial_2008,
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	title = {An {Artificial} {Chemistry} for {Networking}},
	volume = {5151},
	isbn = {978-3-540-92190-5 978-3-540-92191-2},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-540-92191-2_5.pdf},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	booktitle = {Bio-{Inspired} {Computing} and {Communication}},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Meyer, Thomas and Yamamoto, Lidia and Tschudin, Christian},
	editor = {Liò, Pietro and Yoneki, Eiko and Crowcroft, Jon and Verma, Dinesh C.},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {45--57},
	file = {Meyer.2008.AnArtificialChemistryForNetworking.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Meyer.2008.AnArtificialChemistryForNetworking.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@misc{maira_engineering_2013,
	title = {Engineering a governance system},
	url = {http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/P60bMAPHm6UHSDfafpUWNO/Engineering-a-governance-system.html},
	abstract = {Policymakers need a new theory to manage the dynamics of national and international economies},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {http://www.livemint.com/},
	author = {Maira, Arun},
	month = apr,
	year = {2013},
	file = {Maira.2013.EngineeringAGovernanceSystem.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Maira.2013.EngineeringAGovernanceSystem.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@misc{price_cambridge_2013,
	title = {Cambridge, {Cabs} and {Copenhagen}: {My} {Route} to {Existential} {Risk}},
	shorttitle = {Cambridge, {Cabs} and {Copenhagen}},
	url = {http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/27/cambridge-cabs-and-copenhagen-my-route-to-existential-risk/},
	abstract = {The fear that technology might threaten our survival is is often dismissed as outlandish. But it is cause for concern.},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {Opinionator},
	author = {Price, Hew},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	file = {Price.2013Jan-27.MyRouteToExistentialRisk.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Price.2013Jan-27.MyRouteToExistentialRisk.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@misc{pontin_why_2012,
	title = {Why {We} {Can}'t {Solve} {Big} {Problems} {\textbar} {MIT} {Technology} {Review}},
	url = {http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/429690/why-we-cant-solve-big-problems/},
	abstract = {Has technology failed us?},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {MIT Technology Review},
	author = {Pontin, Jason},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	file = {Pontin.2012.WhyCantWeSolveBigProblems.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Pontin.2012.WhyCantWeSolveBigProblems.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{prigogine_is_2003,
	title = {Is {Future} {Given}?},
	isbn = {978-981-238-508-6},
	abstract = {In this book, after discussing the fundamental problems of current science and other philosophic concepts, beginning with controversies between Heraclitus and Parmenides, Ilya Prigogine launches into a message of great hope: the future has not been determined. Contrary to globalisation and the apparent contemporary mass culture society, individual behaviour is beginning to increasingly become the key factor which governs the evolution of both the world and society as a whole. It is a message that challenges existing widespread views, implicitly or explicitly, through mass communication; moreover the importance of the individual's actions implies a reflection of each person on the responsibilities that each one assumes when taking or acting upon a decision. This responsibility is associated with the freedom of thought as well as a critical analysis of fashions, customs, preconceived ideas, and ideologies, externally imposed: exactly contrary to the ideas of those who wish us to be "perfect consumers" in a world dominated only by monetary wealth. Challenging this drive towards the elimination of freedom of thought in the individual is now imperative if we are to save man and his planet from catastrophe, which seems to be ever imminent and (unfortunately) irreversible. This last book of Ilya Prigogine provides a small, disputable, but nonetheless valuable contribution towards that end.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {World Scientific},
	author = {Prigogine, Ilya},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	file = {Prigogine.2003.IsFutureGiven.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Prigogine.2003.IsFutureGiven.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{pothos_formal_2011,
	title = {Formal {Approaches} in {Categorization}},
	isbn = {978-1-139-49397-0},
	abstract = {The process of constructing concepts underpins our capacity to encode information in an efficient and competent manner and also, ultimately, our ability to think in terms of abstract ideas such as justice, love and happiness. But what are the mechanisms which correspond to psychological categorization processes? This book unites many prominent approaches in modelling categorization. Each chapter focuses on a particular formal approach to categorization, presented by the proponent(s) or advocate(s) of that approach, and the authors consider the relation of this approach to other models and the ultimate objectives in their research programmes. The volume evaluates progress that has been made in the field and potential future developments. This is an essential companion to any scientist interested in the formal description of categorization and, more generally, in formal approaches to cognition. It will be the definitive guide to formal approaches in categorization research for years to come.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Pothos, Emmanuel M. and Wills, Andy J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2011},
	file = {Pothos.Wills.(Eds).2011.FormalApproachesInCategorization.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Pothos.Wills.(Eds).2011.FormalApproachesInCategorization.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{pothos_simplicity_2002,
	title = {A simplicity principle in unsupervised human categorization},
	volume = {26},
	copyright = {© 2002 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.},
	issn = {1551-6709},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog2603_6/abstract},
	doi = {10.1207/s15516709cog2603_6},
	abstract = {We address the problem of predicting how people will spontaneously divide into groups a set of novel items. This is a process akin to perceptual organization. We therefore employ the simplicity principle from perceptual organization to propose a simplicity model of unconstrained spontaneous grouping. The simplicity model predicts that people would prefer the categories for a set of novel items that provide the simplest encoding of these items. Classification predictions are derived from the model without information either about the number of categories sought or information about the distributional properties of the objects to be classified. These features of the simplicity model distinguish it from other models in unsupervised categorization (where, for example, the number of categories sought is determined via a free parameter), and we discuss how these computational differences are related to differences in modeling objectives. The predictions of the simplicity model are validated in four experiments. We also discuss the significance of simplicity in cognitive modeling more generally.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {Cognitive Science},
	author = {Pothos, Emmanuel M. and Chater, Nick},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {303--343},
	file = {Pothos.Chater.2002.ASimplicityPrincipleInUnsupervisedHumanCategorization.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Pothos.Chater.2002.ASimplicityPrincipleInUnsupervisedHumanCategorization.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{perugini_recommender_2004,
	title = {Recommender {Systems} {Research}: {A} {Connection}-{Centric} {Survey}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0925-9902, 1573-7675},
	shorttitle = {Recommender {Systems} {Research}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B%3AJIIS.0000039532.05533.99},
	doi = {10.1023/B:JIIS.0000039532.05533.99},
	abstract = {Recommender systems attempt to reduce information overload and retain customers by selecting a subset of items from a universal set based on user preferences. While research in recommender systems grew out of information retrieval and filtering, the topic has steadily advanced into a legitimate and challenging research area of its own. Recommender systems have traditionally been studied from a content-based filtering vs. collaborative design perspective. Recommendations, however, are not delivered within a vacuum, but rather cast within an informal community of users and social context. Therefore, ultimately all recommender systems make connections among people and thus should be surveyed from such a perspective. This viewpoint is under-emphasized in the recommender systems literature. We therefore take a connection-oriented perspective toward recommender systems research. We posit that recommendation has an inherently social element and is ultimately intended to connect people either directly as a result of explicit user modeling or indirectly through the discovery of relationships implicit in extant data. Thus, recommender systems are characterized by how they model users to bring people together: explicitly or implicitly. Finally, user modeling and the connection-centric viewpoint raise broadening and social issues—such as evaluation, targeting, and privacy and trust—which we also briefly address.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {Journal of Intelligent Information Systems},
	author = {Perugini, Saverio and Gonçalves, Marcos André and Fox, Edward A.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2004},
	pages = {107--143},
	file = {PeruginiEtAl.2004.RecommenderSystemResearchAConnectionCentricSurvey.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/PeruginiEtAl.2004.RecommenderSystemResearchAConnectionCentricSurvey.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{paixao_neuronastrocyte_2010,
	title = {Neuron–astrocyte communication and synaptic plasticity},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0959-4388},
	shorttitle = {Signalling mechanisms},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438810000590},
	doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2010.04.008},
	abstract = {By forming close contacts with synapses, astrocytes secrete neuroactive substances and remove neurotransmitters, thus influencing the processing of information by the nervous system. Here, we review recent work on astrocytes and their roles in regulating neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes are organized as networks and communicate with each other, thereby affecting larger neural circuits. They also provide a link between neurons and the vasculature, potentially changing the cerebral microcirculation. Recent work has provided insights into the relative contributions of specific astrocytic cues and transporters to synaptic transmission, plasticity, and animal behavior.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
	author = {Paixão, Sónia and Klein, Rüdiger},
	month = aug,
	year = {2010},
	pages = {466--473},
	file = {PaixaoKlein.2010.Neuron-AstrocyteCommunicationAndSynapticPlasticity.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/PaixaoKlein.2010.Neuron-AstrocyteCommunicationAndSynapticPlasticity.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{osherson_category-based_1990,
	title = {Category-based induction},
	volume = {97},
	copyright = {(c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved},
	issn = {1939-1471(Electronic);0033-295X(Print)},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.97.2.185},
	abstract = {An argument is categorical if its premises and conclusion are of the form All members of C have property P, where C is a natural category like FALCON or BIRD, and P remains the same across premises and conclusion. An example is Grizzly bears love onions. Therefore, all bears love onions. Such an argument is psychologically strong to the extent that belief in its premises engenders belief in its conclusion. A subclass of categorical arguments is examined, and the following hypothesis is advanced: The strength of a categorical argument increases with (a) the degree to which the premise categories are similar to the conclusion category and (b) the degree to which the premise categories are similar to members of the lowest level category that includes both the premise and the conclusion categories. A model based on this hypothesis accounts for 13 qualitative phenomena and the quantitative results of several experiments.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	author = {Osherson, Daniel N. and Smith, Edward E. and Wilkie, Ormond and López, Alejandro and Shafir, Eldar},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {185--200},
	file = {Osherson.Etal.1990.CategoryBasedInduction.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Osherson.Etal.1990.CategoryBasedInduction.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{odling-smee_niche_2013,
	title = {Niche {Construction}: {The} {Neglected} {Process} in {Evolution} ({MPB}-37)},
	isbn = {1-4008-4726-5},
	shorttitle = {Niche {Construction}},
	abstract = {The seemingly innocent observation that the activities of organisms bring about changes in environments is so obvious that it seems an unlikely focus for a new line of thinking about evolution. Yet niche construction--as this process of organism-driven environmental modification is known--has hidden complexities. By transforming biotic and abiotic sources of natural selection in external environments, niche construction generates feedback in evolution on a scale hitherto underestimated--and in a manner that transforms the evolutionary dynamic. It also plays a critical role in ecology, supporting ecosystem engineering and influencing the flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems. Despite this, niche construction has been given short shrift in theoretical biology, in part because it cannot be fully understood within the framework of standard evolutionary theory.Wedding evolution and ecology, this book extends evolutionary theory by formally including niche construction and ecological inheritance as additional evolutionary processes. The authors support their historic move with empirical data, theoretical population genetics, and conceptual models. They also describe new research methods capable of testing the theory. They demonstrate how their theory can resolve long-standing problems in ecology, particularly by advancing the sorely needed synthesis of ecology and evolution, and how it offers an evolutionary basis for the human sciences.Already hailed as a pioneering work by some of the world's most influential biologists, this is a rare, potentially field-changing contribution to the biological sciences.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	author = {Odling-Smee, F. John and Laland, Kevin N. and Feldman, Marcus W.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2013},
	file = {Odling-Smee.EtAl.2003.NicheConstructionTheNeglectedProcessInEvolution.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Odling-Smee.EtAl.2003.NicheConstructionTheNeglectedProcessInEvolution.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{oconnor_companion_2012,
	title = {A {Companion} to the {Philosophy} of {Action}},
	isbn = {978-1-118-39424-3},
	abstract = {A Companion to the Philosophy of Action offers a comprehensive overview of the issues and problems central to the philosophy of action. The first volume to survey the entire field of philosophy of action (the central issues and processes relating to human actions) Brings together specially commissioned chapters from international experts Discusses a range of ideas and doctrines, including rationality, free will and determinism, virtuous action, criminal responsibility, Attribution Theory, and rational agency in evolutionary perspective Individual chapters also cover prominent historic figures from Plato to Ricoeur Can be approached as a complete narrative, but also serves as a work of reference Offers rich insights into an area of philosophical thought that has attracted thinkers since the time of the ancient Greeks},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	author = {O'Connor, Timothy and Sandis, Constantine},
	month = aug,
	year = {2012},
	file = {OConnor.Sandis.Eds.2010.ACompanionToThePhilosophyOfAction.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/OConnor.Sandis.Eds.2010.ACompanionToThePhilosophyOfAction.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{ober_earthing:_2010,
	title = {Earthing: {The} {Most} {Important} {Health} {Discovery} {Ever}?},
	isbn = {978-1-59120-283-7},
	shorttitle = {Earthing},
	abstract = {The solution for chronic inflammation, regarded as the cause of most common modern diseases, has been identified! And it is not blueberries. It is something right beneath our feet-the Earth itself!Throughout most of evolution humans walked barefoot and slept on the ground, largely oblivious that the surface of the Earth contains limitless healing energy. Science has discovered this energy as free-flowing electrons constantly replenished by solar radiation and lightning. Few people know it, but the ground provides a subtle electric signal that maintains health and governs the intricate mechanisms that make our bodies work-just like plugging a lamp into a power socket makes it light up. Modern lifestyle, including the widespread use of insulative rubber or plastic-soled shoes, has disconnected us from this energy and, of course, we no longer sleep on the ground as we did in times past.Earthing introduces the planet's powerful, amazing, and overlooked natural healing energy and how people anywhere can readily connect to it. This eye-opening book describes how the physical disconnect with the Earth creates abnormal physiology and contributes to inflammation, pain, fatigue, stress, and poor sleep. By reconnecting to the Earth, symptoms are rapidly relieved and even eliminated and recovery from surgery, injury, and athletic overexertion is accelerated.This never-before-told story-filled with fascinating research and real-life testimonials- chronicles a discovery with the potential to create a global health revolution.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Basic Health Publications, Inc.},
	author = {Ober, Clinton and Sinatra, Stephen T. and Zucker, Martin},
	year = {2010},
	file = {Ober.Sinatra.Zucker.2010.Earthing\:TheMOstImportantDiscoveryEver?.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Ober.Sinatra.Zucker.2010.Earthing\:TheMOstImportantDiscoveryEver?.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{norvig_paradigms_1992,
	title = {Paradigms of {Artificial} {Intelligence} {Programming}: {Case} {Studies} in {Common} {LISP}},
	isbn = {978-1-55860-191-8},
	shorttitle = {Paradigms of {Artificial} {Intelligence} {Programming}},
	abstract = {Paradigms of AI Programming is the first text to teach advanced Common Lisp techniques in the context of building major AI systems. By reconstructing authentic, complex AI programs using state-of-the-art Common Lisp, the book teaches students and professionals how to build and debug robust practical programs, while demonstrating superior programming style and important AI concepts. The author strongly emphasizes the practical performance issues involved in writing real working programs of significant size. Chapters on troubleshooting and efficiency are included, along with a discussion of the fundamentals of object-oriented programming and a description of the main CLOS functions. This volume is an excellent text for a course on AI programming, a useful supplement for general AI courses and an indispensable reference for the professional programmer.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
	author = {Norvig, Peter},
	year = {1992},
	file = {Norvig.1992.ParadigmsOfAIProgramming.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Norvig.1992.ParadigmsOfAIProgramming.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{nonaka_knowledge_2000,
	title = {Knowledge {Emergence} : {Social}, {Technical}, and {Evolutionary} {Dimensions} of {Knowledge} {Creation}: {Social}, {Technical}, and {Evolutionary} {Dimensions} of {Knowledge} {Creation}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-802999-1},
	shorttitle = {Knowledge {Emergence}},
	abstract = {This book brings together the research of a number of scholars in the field of knowledge creation and imparts a sense of order to the field. The chapters share three characteristics: they are all grounded in extensive qualitative and/or quantitative research; they all go beyond the mere description of the knowledge-creation process and offer both theoretical and strategic implications; they share a view of knowledge creation and knowledge transfer as delicate processes, necessitating particular forms of support from managers.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Nonaka, Ikujiro and Nishiguchi, Toshihiro},
	month = dec,
	year = {2000},
	file = {Nonaka.2001.KnowledgeEmergenceSocialTechnicalAndEvolutionaryDimensionsOfKnowledgeCreation.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Nonaka.2001.KnowledgeEmergenceSocialTechnicalAndEvolutionaryDimensionsOfKnowledgeCreation.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{nolan_human_2010,
	title = {Human {Societies}: {An} {Introduction} to {Macrosociology}},
	isbn = {978-1-59451-880-5},
	shorttitle = {Human {Societies}},
	abstract = {This new supplemented edition offers instructors and students an exiting new pedagogical tool for Human Societies , the classic textbook now in its 40th year of service to social science. While previous editions have continually updated the text, this supplemented edition is the first to offer a featured section about the future. Teachers and students can now use the long-term conceptual tools introduced in Human Societies to assess future world developments in demography, culture, politics, economies, and even on such specific topics as terrorism. New readings from sociologist Jack Goldstone and scientist Joel E. Cohen are coupled with assignments for classroom discussion, paper assignments, and focus groups. The supplemented edition also incorporates redesigned charts, tables, and figures for easier reading. A companion student study guide , Studying Human Societies , by Patrick Nolan is available. An Instructor "s Manual is made available electronically to professors adopting the text. Perfect for your courses in: Introduction to Sociology Social Change Comparative and International Sociology New to the Supplemented Eleventh Edition},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Paradigm Publishers},
	author = {Nolan, Patrick and Lenski, Gerhard},
	month = jul,
	year = {2010},
	file = {Nolan.2008.HumanSocieties\:AnIntroductionToMacrosociology.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Nolan.2008.HumanSocieties\:AnIntroductionToMacrosociology.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{noe_varieties_2012,
	title = {Varieties of {Presence}},
	isbn = {978-0-674-06214-6},
	abstract = {The world shows up for us—it is present in our thought and perception. But, as Alva Noë contends in his latest exploration of the problem of consciousness, it doesn’t show up for free. The world is not simply available; it is achieved rather than given. As with a painting in a gallery, the world has no meaning—no presence to be experienced—apart from our able engagement with it. We must show up, too, and bring along what knowledge and skills we’ve cultivated. This means that education, skills acquisition, and technology can expand the world’s availability to us and transform our consciousness. Although deeply philosophical, Varieties of Presence is nurtured by collaboration with scientists and artists. Cognitive science, dance, and performance art as well as Kant and Wittgenstein inform this literary and personal work of scholarship intended no less for artists and art theorists, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and anthropologists than for philosophers. Noë rejects the traditional representational theory of mind and its companion internalism, dismissing outright the notion that conceptual knowledge is radically distinct from other forms of practical ability or know-how. For him, perceptual presence and thought presence are species of the same genus. Both are varieties of exploration through which we achieve contact with the world. Forceful reflections on the nature of understanding, as well as substantial examination of the perceptual experience of pictures and what they depict or model are included in this far-ranging discussion.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	author = {Noë, Alva},
	month = feb,
	year = {2012},
	file = {Noe.2012.VarietiesOfPresence.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Noe.2012.VarietiesOfPresence.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{noe_out_2010,
	title = {Out of {Our} {Heads}: {Why} {You} {Are} {Not} {Your} {Brain}, and {Other} {Lessons} from the {Biology} of {Consciousness}},
	isbn = {978-1-4299-5719-9},
	shorttitle = {Out of {Our} {Heads}},
	abstract = {Alva Noë is one of a new breed—part philosopher, part cognitive scientist, part neuroscientist—who are radically altering the study of consciousness by asking difficult questions and pointing out obvious flaws in the current science. In Out of Our Heads, he restates and reexamines the problem of consciousness, and then proposes a startling solution: Do away with the two hundred-year-old paradigm that places consciousness within the confines of the brain. Our culture is obsessed with the brain—how it perceives; how it remembers; how it determines our intelligence, our morality, our likes and our dislikes. It’s widely believed that consciousness itself, that Holy Grail of science and philosophy, will soon be given a neural explanation. And yet, after decades of research, only one proposition about how the brain makes us conscious—how it gives rise to sensation, feeling, and subjectivity—has emerged unchallenged: We don’t have a clue. In this inventive work, Noë suggests that rather than being something that happens inside us, consciousness is something we do. Debunking an outmoded philosophy that holds the scientific study of consciousness captive, Out of Our Heads is a fresh attempt at understanding our minds and how we interact with the world around us.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Macmillan},
	author = {Noë, Alva},
	month = feb,
	year = {2010},
	file = {Noe.2009.OutOfOurHeadsWhyYouAreNotYourBrainAndOtherLessonsFromTheBiologyOfConsciousness.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Noe.2009.OutOfOurHeadsWhyYouAreNotYourBrainAndOtherLessonsFromTheBiologyOfConsciousness.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{noe_action_2004,
	title = {Action in {Perception}},
	isbn = {978-0-262-14088-1},
	abstract = {Honorable Mention, 2007 Book Prize presented by the American Philosophical Association."Perception is not something that happens to us, or in us," writes Alva Noe. "It is something we do." In "Action in Perception," Noe argues that perception and perceptual consciousness depend on capacities for action and thought--that perception is a kind of thoughtful activity. Touch, not vision, should be our model for perception. Perception is not a process in the brain, but a kind of skillful activity of the body as a whole. We enact our perceptual experience.To perceive, according to this enactive approach to perception, is not merely to have sensations; it is to have sensations that we understand. In "Action in Perception," Noe investigates the forms this understanding can take. He begins by arguing, on both phenomenological and empirical grounds, that the content of perception is not like the content of a picture; the world is not given to consciousness all at once but is gained gradually by active inquiry and exploration. Noe then argues that perceptual experience acquires content thanks to our possession and exercise of practical bodily knowledge, and examines, among other topics, the problems posed by spatial content and the experience of color. He considers the perspectival aspect of the representational content of experience and assesses the place of thought and understanding in experience. Finally, he explores the implications of the enactive approach for our understanding of the neuroscience of perception.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Noë, Alva},
	year = {2004},
	file = {Noe.2009.ActionInPerceptionRepresentationAndMind.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Noe.2009.ActionInPerceptionRepresentationAndMind.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{nietzsche_case_2011,
	address = {[Gloucestershire]},
	title = {The case of {Wagner}, {Nietzsche} contra {Wagner}, and selected aphorisms},
	isbn = {978-1-4065-9940-4 1-4065-9940-9},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Dodo Press},
	author = {Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm},
	year = {2011},
	file = {Nietszche.1888.NietszcheCopntraWagner.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Nietszche.1888.NietszcheCopntraWagner.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{savage_perceiving_1978,
	title = {Perceiving, {Anticipating}, and {Imagining}},
	volume = {9},
	isbn = {978-0-8166-0841-6},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Perception and {Cognition}: {Issues} in the {Foundations} of {Psychology}},
	publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
	author = {Neisser, Ulric},
	editor = {Savage, Clarence W.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1978},
	file = {Neisser.1975.PerceivingAnticipatingImagining.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Neisser.1975.PerceivingAnticipatingImagining.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{murphy_downward_2009,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Downward causation and the neurobiology of free will},
	isbn = {978-3-642-03205-9 3-642-03205-2},
	url = {http://site.ebrary.com/id/10338315},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Murphy, Nancey C and Ellis, George F. R and O'Connor, Timothy},
	year = {2009},
	file = {MurphyEtAl.2009DownwardCausationAndTheNeurobiologyOfFreeWill.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/MurphyEtAl.2009DownwardCausationAndTheNeurobiologyOfFreeWill.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@inproceedings{mouret_evolving_2009,
	title = {Evolving modular neural-networks through exaptation},
	doi = {10.1109/CEC.2009.4983129},
	abstract = {Despite their success as optimization methods, evolutionary algorithms face many difficulties to design artifacts with complex structures. According to paleontologists, living organisms evolved by opportunistically co-opting characters adapted to a function to solve new problems, a phenomenon called exaptation. In this paper, we draw the hypotheses (1) that exaptation requires the presence of multiple selection pressures, (2) that Pareto-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) can create such pressures and (3) that the modularity of the genotype is a key to enable exaptation. To explore these hypotheses, we designed an evolutionary process to find the structure and the parameters of neural networks to compute a Boolean function with a modular structure. We then analyzed the role of each component using a Shapley value analysis. Our results show that: (1) the proposed method is efficient to evolve neural networks to solve this task; (2) genotypic modules and multiple selections gradients needed to be aligned to converge faster than the control experiments. This prominent role of multiple selection pressures contradicts the basic assumption that underlies most published modular methods for the evolution of neural networks, in which only the modularity of the genotype is considered.},
	booktitle = {{IEEE} {Congress} on {Evolutionary} {Computation}, 2009. {CEC} '09},
	author = {Mouret, J. and Doncieux, S.},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1570--1577},
	file = {Mouret.Doncieaux.2009.EvolvingModular.Neural-networksTrhoughExaptation.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Mouret.Doncieaux.2009.EvolvingModular.Neural-networksTrhoughExaptation.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{morrison_flow-based_2010,
	address = {[Unionville, Ont.]},
	title = {Flow-based programming: a new approach to application development},
	isbn = {978-1-4515-4232-5 1-4515-4232-1},
	shorttitle = {Flow-based programming},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {J.P. Morrison Enterprises},
	author = {Morrison, J. Paul},
	year = {2010},
	file = {Morrison.1994.FlowBasedProgramming.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Morrison.1994.FlowBasedProgramming.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{mitleton-kelly_identifying_2011,
	title = {Identifying the multi-dimensional problem space \& co-creating an enabling environment},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1521-3250},
	url = {http://emergentpublications.com/ECO/about_eco.aspx},
	abstract = {The paper was written for the 1st international workshop on complexity and real world applications focusing on using the tools and concepts from the complexity sciences to support real world decision-making activities, Held at Southampton, Uk,in july 2010. what the paper wished to demonstrate was that tools and methods by themselves are necessary but not sufficient either to support decision making or to make fundamental change in an organization. By contrast understanding organizations as complex social systems and co-creating enabling environments using the principles of complexity can bring about fundamental change. There is no 'black box' or magic in this process; It is simply a matter of addressing complex challenges in an appropriate way. However to do this effectively implies a shift in perspective and a different way of thinking. This is what can bring about changes in relationships, In behavior, and in organizational culture. The paper uses five different studies to argue that such understanding is essential; While at the same time illustrating some tools and methods used to identify the problem-space And that complex problems can only be addressed effectively by creating multi-dimensional enabling environments, Which address all the inter-related dimensions at the same time.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	journal = {Emergence: Complexity \& Organization},
	author = {Mitleton-Kelly, Eve},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {3--25},
	file = {Mitleton-Kelly.2011.IdentifyingTheMulti-dimensionalProblemSpace&Co-creatingAnEE.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Mitleton-Kelly.2011.IdentifyingTheMulti-dimensionalProblemSpace&Co-creatingAnEE.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{mitchell_introduction_1998,
	title = {An {Introduction} to {Genetic} {Algorithms}},
	isbn = {978-0-262-63185-3},
	abstract = {Genetic algorithms have been used in science and engineering as adaptive algorithmsfor solving practical problems and as computational models of natural evolutionary systems. Thisbrief, accessible introduction describes some of the most interesting research in the field and alsoenables readers to implement and experiment with genetic algorithms on their own. It focuses indepth on a small set of important and interesting topics -- particularly in machine learning,scientific modeling, and artificial life -- and reviews a broad span of research, including the workof Mitchell and her colleagues.The descriptions of applications and modeling projects stretch beyondthe strict boundaries of computer science to include dynamical systems theory, game theory,molecular biology, ecology, evolutionary biology, and population genetics, underscoring the exciting"general purpose" nature of genetic algorithms as search methods that can be employed acrossdisciplines.An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms is accessible to students and researchers in anyscientific discipline. It includes many thought and computer exercises that build on and reinforcethe reader's understanding of the text.The first chapter introduces genetic algorithms and theirterminology and describes two provocative applications in detail. The second and third chapters lookat the use of genetic algorithms in machine learning (computer programs, data analysis andprediction, neural networks) and in scientific models (interactions among learning, evolution, andculture; sexual selection; ecosystems; evolutionary activity). Several approaches to the theory ofgenetic algorithms are discussed in depth in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter takes upimplementation, and the last chapter poses some currently unanswered questions and surveys prospectsfor the future of evolutionary computation.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Mitchell, Melanie},
	year = {1998},
	file = {Mitchell1998.AnIntroductionToGeneticAlgorithms.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Mitchell1998.AnIntroductionToGeneticAlgorithms.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{miller_social_2012,
	edition = {Fall 2012},
	title = {Social {Institutions}},
	url = {http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2012/entries/social-institutions/},
	booktitle = {The {Stanford} {Encyclopedia} of {Philosophy}},
	author = {Miller, Seumas},
	editor = {Zalta, Edward N.},
	year = {2012},
	file = {Miller.Fall2012.SocialInstitutions.Plato.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Miller.Fall2012.SocialInstitutions.Plato.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@techreport{merelli_multi-level_2012,
	type = {{arXiv} e-print},
	title = {A multi-level model for self-adaptive systems},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1209.1628},
	abstract = {This work introduces a general multi-level model for self-adaptive systems. A self-adaptive system is seen as composed by two levels: the lower level describing the actual behaviour of the system and the upper level accounting for the dynamically changing environmental constraints on the system. In order to keep our description as general as possible, the lower level is modelled as a state machine and the upper level as a second-order state machine whose states have associated formulas over observable variables of the lower level. Thus, each state of the second-order machine identifies the set of lower-level states satisfying the constraints. Adaptation is triggered when a second-order transition is performed; this means that the current system no longer can satisfy the current high-level constraints and, thus, it has to adapt its behaviour by reaching a state that meets the new constraints. The semantics of the multi-level system is given by a flattened transition system that can be statically checked in order to prove the correctness of the adaptation model. To this aim we formalize two concepts of weak and strong adaptability providing both a relational and a logical characterization. We report that this work gives a formal computational characterization of multi-level self-adaptive systems, evidencing the important role that (theoretical) computer science could play in the emerging science of complex systems.},
	number = {1209.1628},
	urldate = {2013-08-09},
	author = {Merelli, Emanuela and Paoletti, Nicola and Tesei, Luca},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	note = {EPTCS 91, 2012, pp. 112-126},
	file = {MerelliEtAl.2012.AMulti-LevelModelForSelf-AdaptiveSystems.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/MerelliEtAl.2012.AMulti-LevelModelForSelf-AdaptiveSystems.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{maturana_tree_1992,
	title = {The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding},
	isbn = {978-0-87773-642-4},
	shorttitle = {The tree of knowledge},
	abstract = {"Knowing how we know" is the subject of this book. Its authors present a new view of cognition that has important social and ethical implications, for, they assert, the only world we humans can have is the one we create together through the actions of our coexistence. Written for a general audience as well as for students, scholars, and scientists and abundantly illustrated with examples from biology, linguistics, and new social and cultural phenomena, this revised edition includes a new afterword by Dr. Varela, in which he discusses the effect the book has had in the years since its first publication.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Shambhala},
	author = {Maturana, Humberto R. and Varela, Francisco J.},
	year = {1992},
	file = {Maturana.Varela.1992.TheTreeOfKnowledgeTheBiologicalRootsOfHumanUnderstanding.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Maturana.Varela.1992.TheTreeOfKnowledgeTheBiologicalRootsOfHumanUnderstanding.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{markley_changing_1981,
	title = {Changing {Images} of {Man}},
	isbn = {0-08-024313-4},
	publisher = {Pergamon Press},
	editor = {Markley, O. W. and Harman, Willis W.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1981},
	keywords = {vveitas:social\_cognition, vveitas:world\_of\_views},
	file = {Markley.Harman.1982.ChangingImagesOfMan.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Markley.Harman.1982.ChangingImagesOfMan.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{mandelbrot_mild_2010,
	title = {Mild vs. wild randomness: {Focusing} on those risks that matter},
	shorttitle = {Mild vs. wild randomness},
	journal = {The Known, the Unknown and the Unknowable in Financial Risk Management: Measurement and Theory Advancing Practice", Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA},
	author = {Mandelbrot, Benoit and Taleb, Nassim Nicholas and Diebold, F. X.},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {vveitas:world\_of\_views},
	pages = {443--473},
	file = {MandelbrotTaleb.2010.MildVsWildRandomnessFocusingOnThoseRisksThatMatter.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/MandelbrotTaleb.2010.MildVsWildRandomnessFocusingOnThoseRisksThatMatter.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{hey_fourth_2009,
	address = {Redmond (Wash.)},
	title = {The {Fourth} {Paradigm}: {Data}-{Intensive} {Scientific} {Discovery}},
	isbn = {978-0-9825442-0-4},
	shorttitle = {The {Fourth} {Paradigm}},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Microsoft Research},
	author = {Hey, Tony},
	month = oct,
	year = {2009},
	file = {Hey.EtAl(Eds).2009.TheFourthParadigmDataIntensiveScientificDiscovery.pdf:/media/vveitas/LibraryKing/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Hey.EtAl(Eds).2009.TheFourthParadigmDataIntensiveScientificDiscovery.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{ohara_web_2013,
	title = {Web {Science}: {Understanding} the {Emergence} of {Macro}-{Level} {Features} on the {World} {Wide} {Web}},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1555-077X, 1555-0788},
	shorttitle = {Web {Science}},
	url = {http://www.nowpublishers.com/articles/foundations-and-trends-in-web-science/WEB-017},
	doi = {10.1561/1800000017},
	language = {en},
	number = {2–3},
	urldate = {2014-07-08},
	journal = {Foundations and Trends® in Web Science},
	author = {O'Hara, Kieron},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {103--267},
	file = {OHara.EtAl.2012.WebScienceUnderstandingTheEmergenceOfMacroLevelFeaturesOnTheWWW.pdf:/media/vveitas/LibraryKing/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/OHara.EtAl.2012.WebScienceUnderstandingTheEmergenceOfMacroLevelFeaturesOnTheWWW.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{bullmore_brain_2011,
	title = {Brain graphs: graphical models of the human brain connectome},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1548-5951},
	shorttitle = {Brain graphs},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-040510-143934},
	abstract = {Brain graphs provide a relatively simple and increasingly popular way of modeling the human brain connectome, using graph theory to abstractly define a nervous system as a set of nodes (denoting anatomical regions or recording electrodes) and interconnecting edges (denoting structural or functional connections). Topological and geometrical properties of these graphs can be measured and compared to random graphs and to graphs derived from other neuroscience data or other (nonneural) complex systems. Both structural and functional human brain graphs have consistently demonstrated key topological properties such as small-worldness, modularity, and heterogeneous degree distributions. Brain graphs are also physically embedded so as to nearly minimize wiring cost, a key geometric property. Here we offer a conceptual review and methodological guide to graphical analysis of human neuroimaging data, with an emphasis on some of the key assumptions, issues, and trade-offs facing the investigator.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Annual Review of Clinical Psychology},
	author = {Bullmore, Edward T. and Bassett, Danielle S.},
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21128784},
	pages = {113--140},
	file = {Bullmore.Bassett.2011.BrainGraphsGraphicalModelsOfTheHumanBrainConnectome.pdf:/media/vveitas/LibraryKing/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Bullmore.Bassett.2011.BrainGraphsGraphicalModelsOfTheHumanBrainConnectome.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{yong_he_graph_2010,
	title = {Graph theoretical modeling of brain connectivity.},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1473-6551},
	doi = {10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833aa567},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Current opinion in neurology},
	author = {Yong He, Alan Evans},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {341--50},
	file = {He.Evans2010.GraphTheoreticalModelingOfBrainConnectivity.pdf:/media/vveitas/LibraryKing/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/He.Evans2010.GraphTheoreticalModelingOfBrainConnectivity.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{wickham_ggplot2:_2009,
	title = {Ggplot2: {Elegant} {Graphics} for {Data} {Analysis}},
	isbn = {978-0-387-98140-6},
	shorttitle = {Ggplot2},
	abstract = {This book describes ggplot2, a new data visualization package for R that uses the insights from Leland Wilkison's Grammar of Graphics to create a powerful and flexible system for creating data graphics. With ggplot2, it's easy to: produce handsome, publication-quality plots, with automatic legends created from the plot specification superpose multiple layers (points, lines, maps, tiles, box plots to name a few) from different data sources, with automatically adjusted common scales add customisable smoothers that use the powerful modelling capabilities of R, such as loess, linear models, generalised additive models and robust regression save any ggplot2 plot (or part thereof) for later modification or reuse create custom themes that capture in-house or journal style requirements, and that can easily be applied to multiple plots approach your graph from a visual perspective, thinking about how each component of the data is represented on the final plot This book will be useful to everyone who has struggled with displaying their data in an informative and attractive way. You will need some basic knowledge of R (i.e. you should be able to get your data into R), but ggplot2 is a mini-language specifically tailored for producing graphics, and you'll learn everything you need in the book. After reading this book you'll be able to produce graphics customized precisely for your problems, and you'll find it easy to get graphics out of your head and on to the screen or page. Hadley Wickham is an Assistant Professor of Statistics at Rice University, and is interested in developing computational and cognitive tools for making data preparation, visualization, and analysis easier. He has developed 15 R packages and in 2006 he won the John Chambers Award for Statistical Computing for his work on the ggplot and reshape R packages.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Wickham, Hadley},
	month = aug,
	year = {2009},
	file = {Wickham.2009.GGplot2ElegantGraphicsForDataAnalysis.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Wickham.2009.GGplot2ElegantGraphicsForDataAnalysis.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{ramezani_causal_2014,
	title = {Causal {Event} {Networks}: {Cognition}, {Complexity} and {Physical} {Laws}},
	shorttitle = {Causal {Event} {Networks}},
	url = {http://xxx.tau.ac.il/abs/1402.7038},
	urldate = {2014-07-02},
	author = {Ramezani, Vahid R.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2014},
	file = {Ramezani.2014.CausalEventNetworksCognitionComplexityAndPhysicalLaws.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Ramezani.2014.CausalEventNetworksCognitionComplexityAndPhysicalLaws.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{menon_testng_2013,
	address = {Birmingham},
	title = {{TestNG} {Beginner}'s {Guide}},
	isbn = {978-1-78216-600-9},
	abstract = {Write robust unit and functional tests with the power of TestNG  Overview  Step-by-step guide to learn and practise any given feature Detailed understanding of the features and core concepts Learn about writing custom reporting  In Detail Unit/Functional testing has now become part of every development life cycle. Junit was once the main framework that was used by developers for the purpose of Unit testing when it came to Java. But Junit had certain limitations in terms of execution and features. This book explains about the features and usage of TestNg, a new framework that overcomes Junit’s limitations and provides a lot of extra features. TestNg Beginner’s Guide is a practical, hands-on guide that aims to increase your knowledge of TestNg. This step-by-step guide will help you to learn and understand the different TestNg features, and you will learn about the advantages and how to use and configure each feature according to your needs. This book explains the various features of the TestNG testing framework. It provides a step-by-step guide that explains the different features with practical examples and sample programs.You will also learn about how to use and configure each feature based on different test scenarios. We will also take a look at extending TestNG to add custom logging and test-reports. If you are a beginner in TestNG or test frameworks, then this book will help you in learning, practising, and getting started with TestNg. What you will learn from this book  Learn about TestNG and its advantages over other frameworks Configure/write test-suites in TestNG Learn about different Before/After annotations and how to use each one of them Pass values to your tests at runtime and make Data-driven tests Run tests in parallel Define and configure test-suites at runtime Extend TestNG to handle test-execution and generate custom reports. Include and exclude tests based on the search criteria to your test-suite  Approach This book is written in a friendly, beginner’s guide style with plenty of step-by-step instructions with appropriate examples. Who this book is written for This book is great for developers and testers who are new to TestNg and want to learn how to use TestNG for writing their application as well as functional tests. This book assumes that you have experience in Java and OOPs concepts and have worked with certain IDE.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Packt Publishing},
	author = {Menon, Varun},
	month = jul,
	year = {2013},
	file = {Menon.2013.TestNGBeginnersGuide.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Menon.2013.TestNGBeginnersGuide.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{beust_next_2007,
	address = {Upper Saddle River, NJ},
	edition = {1 edition},
	title = {Next {Generation} {Java} {Testing}: {TestNG} and {Advanced} {Concepts}},
	isbn = {978-0-321-50310-7},
	shorttitle = {Next {Generation} {Java} {Testing}},
	abstract = {Enterprise Java developers must achieve broader, deeper test coverage, going beyond unit testing to implement functional and integration testing with systematic acceptance.  Next Generation Java™ Testing  introduces breakthrough Java testing techniques and TestNG, a powerful open source Java testing platform. Cédric Beust, TestNG's creator, and leading Java developer Hani Suleiman, present powerful, flexible testing patterns that will work with virtually any testing tool, framework, or language. They show how to leverage key Java platform improvements designed to facilitate effective testing, such as dependency injection and mock objects. They also thoroughly introduce TestNG, demonstrating how it overcomes the limitations of older frameworks and enables new techniques, making it far easier to test today's complex software systems. Pragmatic and results-focused,  Next Generation Java™ Testing  will help Java developers build more robust code for today's mission-critical environments. This book  Illuminates the tradeoffs associated with testing, so you can make better decisions about what and how to test Introduces TestNG, explains its goals and features, and shows how to apply them in real-world environments Shows how to integrate TestNG with your existing code, development frameworks, and software libraries  Demonstrates how to test crucial code features, such as encapsulation, state sharing, scopes, and thread safety Shows how to test application elements, including JavaEE APIs, databases, Web pages, and XML files  Presents advanced techniques: testing partial failures, factories, dependent testing, remote invocation, cluster-based test farms, and more Walks through installing and using TestNG plug-ins for Eclipse, and IDEA Contains extensive code examples  Whether you use TestNG, JUnit, or another testing framework, the testing design patterns presented in this book will show you how to improve your tests by giving you concrete advice on how to make your code and your design more testable.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Addison-Wesley Professional},
	author = {Beust, Cédric and Suleiman, Hani},
	month = oct,
	year = {2007},
	file = {Beust.Suleiman.2007.NextGenerationJavaTestingTestNGAndAdvancedConcepts.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Beust.Suleiman.2007.NextGenerationJavaTestingTestNGAndAdvancedConcepts.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{aulin-ahmavara_law_1979,
	title = {The {Law} {Of} {Requisite} {Hierarchy}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {0368-492X},
	url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1663506&show=abstract},
	doi = {10.1108/eb005528},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2014-06-26},
	journal = {Kybernetes},
	author = {Aulin-Ahmavara, A. Y.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1979},
	pages = {259--266}
}

@book{taleb_antifragile:_2012,
	title = {Antifragile: {Things} {That} {Gain} from {Disorder}},
	isbn = {1-4000-6782-0},
	shorttitle = {Antifragile},
	publisher = {Random House},
	author = {Taleb, Nassim Nicholas},
	month = nov,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {vveitas:life\_journeys}
}

@incollection{heylighen_return_2013,
	title = {Return to {Eden}? {Promises} and {Perils} on the {Road} to a {Global} {Superintelligence}},
	booktitle = {The {End} of the {Beginning}: {Life}, {Society} and {Economy} on the {Brink} of the {Singularity}},
	author = {Heylighen, Francis},
	editor = {Goertzel, Ben and Goertzel, Ted},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Accepted for publication.},
	file = {Heylighen.2013.ReturnToEden.Draft.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Heylighen.2013.ReturnToEden.Draft.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{sipser_introduction_2005,
	address = {Boston},
	edition = {2 edition},
	title = {Introduction to the {Theory} of {Computation}},
	isbn = {978-0-534-95097-2},
	abstract = {This highly anticipated revision builds upon the strengths of the previous edition. Sipser's candid, crystal-clear style allows students at every level to understand and enjoy this field. His innovative "proof idea" sections explain profound concepts in plain English. The new edition incorporates many improvements students and professors have suggested over the years, and offers updated, classroom-tested problem sets at the end of each chapter.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Cengage Learning},
	author = {Sipser, Michael},
	month = feb,
	year = {2005},
	file = {Sipser.2005.IntroductionToTheTheoryOfComputation.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Sipser.2005.IntroductionToTheTheoryOfComputation.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{cormen_introduction_2009,
	address = {Cambridge, Mass},
	edition = {third edition edition},
	title = {Introduction to {Algorithms}},
	isbn = {978-0-262-03384-8},
	abstract = {Some books on algorithms are rigorous but incomplete; others cover masses of material but lack rigor. Introduction to Algorithms uniquely combines rigor and comprehensiveness. The book covers a broad range of algorithms in depth, yet makes their design and analysis accessible to all levels of readers. Each chapter is relatively self-contained and can be used as a unit of study. The algorithms are described in English and in a pseudocode designed to be readable by anyone who has done a little programming. The explanations have been kept elementary without sacrificing depth of coverage or mathematical rigor.The first edition became a widely used text in universities worldwide as well as the standard reference for professionals. The second edition featured new chapters on the role of algorithms, probabilistic analysis and randomized algorithms, and linear programming. The third edition has been revised and updated throughout. It includes two completely new chapters, on van Emde Boas trees and multithreaded algorithms, substantial additions to the chapter on recurrence (now called "Divide-and-Conquer"), and an appendix on matrices. It features improved treatment of dynamic programming and greedy algorithms and a new notion of edge-based flow in the material on flow networks. Many new exercises and problems have been added for this edition. As of the third edition, this textbook is published exclusively by the MIT Press.The hardcover edition does not include a dust jacket.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {The MIT Press},
	author = {Cormen, Thomas H. and Leiserson, Charles E. and Rivest, Ronald L. and Stein, Clifford},
	month = jul,
	year = {2009},
	file = {Cormen.2009.IntroductionToAlgorithmsThirdEdition.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Cormen.2009.IntroductionToAlgorithmsThirdEdition.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@misc{pruyn_overview_2010,
	title = {An {Overview} of {Constructive} {Developmental} {Theory} ({CDT})},
	url = {http://developmentalobserver.blog.com/2010/06/09/an-overview-of-constructive-developmental-theory-cdt/},
	abstract = {A generation ago, developmental psychologists focused on infants, children and adolescents because it was assumed that by the time we reached our early twenties, the mind was fully developed.  Several ...},
	urldate = {2014-06-19},
	journal = {Developmental Observer},
	author = {Pruyn, Peter W.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2010},
	file = {Pruyn.2010.AnOverwiewOfConstructiveDevelopmentalTheory.BlogPost.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Pruyn.2010.AnOverwiewOfConstructiveDevelopmentalTheory.BlogPost.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{kegan_over_1995,
	address = {Cambridge, Mass.},
	edition = {Édition : Reprint},
	title = {In {Over} our {Heads} - {The} {Mental} {Demands} of {Modern} {Life}},
	isbn = {978-0-674-44588-8},
	language = {Anglais},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	author = {Kegan, Robert},
	month = sep,
	year = {1995},
	keywords = {vveitas:cognitive\_development},
	file = {Kegan.1994.InOverOurHeads.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Kegan.1994.InOverOurHeads.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{edelman_universe_2000,
	title = {A {Universe} of {Consciousness}: {How} {Matter} {Becomes} {Imagination}},
	isbn = {0-465-01377-5},
	shorttitle = {A {Universe} of {Consciousness}},
	abstract = {A Nobel Prize-winning scientist and a leading brain researcher show how the brain creates conscious experience. In A Universe of Consciousness, Gerald Edelman builds on the radical ideas he introduced in his monumental trilogy - Neural Darwinism, Topobiology, and The Remembered Present - to present for the first time an empirically supported full-scale theory of consciousness. He and the neurobiolgist Giulio Tononi show how they use ingenious technology to detect the most minute brain currents and to identify the specific brain waves that correlate with particular conscious experiences. The results of this pioneering work challenge the conventional wisdom about consciousness.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Basic Books},
	author = {Edelman, Gerald M. and Tononi, Giulio},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {vveitas:cognitive\_development},
	file = {EdelmanTononi.2000.AUniverseOfConsciousnessHowMatterBecomesImagination.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/EdelmanTononi.2000.AUniverseOfConsciousnessHowMatterBecomesImagination.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{fernando_design_2013,
	series = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}},
	title = {Design for a {Darwinian} {Brain}: {Part} 2. {Cognitive} {Architecture}},
	copyright = {©2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
	isbn = {978-3-642-39801-8 978-3-642-39802-5},
	shorttitle = {Design for a {Darwinian} {Brain}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39802-5_8},
	abstract = {The accumulation of adaptations in an open-ended manner during lifetime learning is a holy grail in reinforcement learning, intrinsic motivation, artificial curiosity, and developmental robotics. We present a design for a cognitive architecture that is capable of specifying an unlimited range of behaviors. We then give examples of how it can stochastically explore an interesting space of adjacent possible behaviors. There are two main novelties; the first is a proper definition of the fitness of self-generated games such that interesting games are expected to evolve. The second is a modular and evolvable behavior language that has systematicity, productivity, and compositionality, i.e. it is a physical symbol system. A part of the architecture has already been implemented on a humanoid robot.},
	number = {8064},
	urldate = {2014-06-19},
	booktitle = {Biomimetic and {Biohybrid} {Systems}},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Fernando, Chrisantha and Vasas, Vera and Churchill, Alexander W.},
	editor = {Lepora, Nathan F. and Mura, Anna and Krapp, Holger G. and Verschure, Paul F. M. J. and Prescott, Tony J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {83--95},
	file = {Fernando.2013.DesignForADarwinianBrainPart2CognitiveArchitecture.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Fernando.2013.DesignForADarwinianBrainPart2CognitiveArchitecture.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{fernando_design_2013-1,
	series = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}},
	title = {Design for a {Darwinian} {Brain}: {Part} 1. {Philosophy} and {Neuroscience}},
	copyright = {©2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
	isbn = {978-3-642-39801-8 978-3-642-39802-5},
	shorttitle = {Design for a {Darwinian} {Brain}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39802-5_7},
	abstract = {Fodor and Pylyshyn in their 1988 paper denounced the claims of the connectionists, claims that continue to percolate through neuroscience. In they proposed that a physical symbol system was necessary for open-ended cognition. What is a physical symbol system, and how can one be implemented in the brain? A way to understand them is by comparison of thought to chemistry. Both have systematicity, productivity and compositionality, elements lacking in most computational neuroscience models. To remedy this woeful situation, I examine cognitive architectures capable of open-ended cognition, and think how to implement them in a neuronal substrate. I motivate a cognitive architecture that evolves physical symbol systems in the brain. In Part 2 of this paper pair develops this architecture and proposes a possible neuronal implementation.},
	number = {8064},
	urldate = {2014-06-19},
	booktitle = {Biomimetic and {Biohybrid} {Systems}},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Fernando, Chrisantha},
	editor = {Lepora, Nathan F. and Mura, Anna and Krapp, Holger G. and Verschure, Paul F. M. J. and Prescott, Tony J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {71--82},
	file = {Fernando.2013.DesignForDarwinianBrainPart1PhilosophyAndNeuroscience.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Fernando.2013.DesignForDarwinianBrainPart1PhilosophyAndNeuroscience.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{stewart_direction_2014,
	title = {The direction of evolution: {The} rise of cooperative organization},
	issn = {0303-2647},
	shorttitle = {The direction of evolution},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030326471400080X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.05.006},
	abstract = {Two great trends are evident in the evolution of life on Earth: towards increasing diversification and towards increasing integration. Diversification has spread living processes across the planet, progressively increasing the range of environments and free energy sources exploited by life. Integration has proceeded through a stepwise process in which living entities at one level are integrated into cooperative groups that become larger-scale entities at the next level, and so on, producing cooperative organizations of increasing scale (for example, cooperative groups of simple cells gave rise to the more complex eukaryote cells, groups of these gave rise to multi-cellular organisms, and cooperative groups of these organisms produced animal societies). The trend towards increasing integration has continued during human evolution with the progressive increase in the scale of human groups and societies. The trends towards increasing diversification and integration are both driven by selection. An understanding of the trajectory and causal drivers of the trends suggests that they are likely to culminate in the emergence of a global entity. This entity would emerge from the integration of the living processes, matter, energy and technology of the planet into a global cooperative organization. Such an integration of the results of previous diversifications would enable the global entity to exploit the widest possible range of resources across the varied circumstances of the planet. This paper demonstrates that it's case for directionality meets the tests and criticisms that have proven fatal to previous claims for directionality in evolution.},
	urldate = {2014-06-18},
	journal = {Biosystems},
	author = {Stewart, John E.},
	year = {2014},
	file = {Stewart.2014.TheDirectionOfEvolutionTheRiseOfCooperativeOrganization.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Stewart.2014.TheDirectionOfEvolutionTheRiseOfCooperativeOrganization.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{weick_sensemaking_1995,
	title = {Sensemaking in {Organizations}},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-7177-6},
	abstract = {Finalist for the George Terry Award sponsored by the Academy of Management "This lovely and important book is the clearest, most complete, and interesting statement of sensemaking in organizations available. . . . It will have an impact on both new and experienced scholars." --Bob Sutton, Stanford University "Weick is artful. He masterfully constructs the sensemaking theoretical framework so that it can be better understood by the general scholar and in the process provides the reader with the sensemaking experience." -- Kathleen Sutcliffe, University of Minnesota The teaching of organization theory and the conduct of organizational research have been dominated by a focus on decision making and the conception of strategic rationality. The rational model, however, ignores the inherent complexity and ambiguity of real-world organizations and their environments. Karl E. Weick's new landmark volume, Sensemaking in Organizations, highlights how the "sensemaking" process--the creation of reality as an ongoing accomplishment that takes form when people make retrospective sense of the situations in which they find themselves--shapes organizational structure and behavior. Some of the topics Weick thoroughly covers are the concept, uniqueness, historical roots, varieties and occasions, general properties, and the future of sensemaking research and practice. Expertly written, Sensemaking in Organizations is the volume that students, scholars, and professors of organization and management studies must have.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {Weick, Karl E.},
	month = may,
	year = {1995}
}

@unpublished{hoffman_psychology_2005,
	address = {Pensacola},
	type = {Unpublished manuscript},
	title = {The {Psychology} of intelligence analysis revisited: an update from developments in cognitive science post-1980},
	url = {http://cmapsinternal.ihmc.us/rid=1K8YFYHFB-1CFHMNR-2RJW/Psychol%20of%20Intelligence%20Analysis%20Revisited-May2005.pdf},
	urldate = {2014-06-16},
	author = {Hoffman, R. Robert},
	year = {2005},
	file = {Hoffman.2005.PsychologyOfIntelligenceAnalysisRevisited.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Hoffman.2005.PsychologyOfIntelligenceAnalysisRevisited.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{klein_2._2006,
	title = {2. {Making} {Sense} of {Sensemaking} 2: {A} {Macrocognitive} {Model}},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1541-1672},
	shorttitle = {Making {Sense} of {Sensemaking} 2},
	doi = {10.1109/MIS.2006.100},
	abstract = {For pt.1 see ibid., vol.21, no.4, p. 70-73 (2006). In this paper, we have laid out a theory of sensemaking that might be useful for intelligent systems applications. It's a general, empirically grounded account of sensemaking that goes significantly beyond the myths and puts forward some nonobvious, testable hypotheses about the process. When people try to make sense of events, they begin with some perspective, viewpoint, or framework - however minimal. For now, let's use a metaphor and call this a frame. We can express frames in various meaningful forms, including stories, maps, organizational diagrams, or scripts, and can use them in subsequent and parallel processes. Even though frames define what count as data, they themselves actually shape the data Furthermore, frames change as we acquire data. In other words, this is a two-way street: Frames shape and define the relevant data, and data mandate that frames change in nontrivial ways. We examine five areas of empirical findings: causal reasoning, commitment to hypotheses, feedback and learning, sense-making as a skill, and confirmation bias. In each area the Data/Frame model, and the research it's based on, doesn't align with common beliefs. For that reason, the Data/Frame model cannot be considered a depiction of commonsense views},
	number = {5},
	journal = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
	author = {Klein, G. and Moon, B. and Hoffman, R.R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {vveitas:cognitive\_development},
	pages = {88--92},
	file = {Klein.2006.MakingSenseOfSensemaking2AMacrocognitiveModel.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Klein.2006.MakingSenseOfSensemaking2AMacrocognitiveModel.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{klein_1._2006,
	title = {1. {Making} {Sense} of {Sensemaking} 1: {Alternative} {Perspectives}},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1541-1672},
	shorttitle = {Making {Sense} of {Sensemaking} 1},
	doi = {10.1109/MIS.2006.75},
	abstract = {Sensemaking has become an umbrella term for efforts at building intelligent systems. This essay examines sensemaking from various perspectives to see if we can separate the things that are doable from the things that seem more like pie-in-the-sky},
	number = {4},
	journal = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
	author = {Klein, G. and Moon, B. and Hoffman, R.R.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {vveitas:cognitive\_development},
	pages = {70--73},
	file = {Klein.EtAl.2006.MakingSenseOfSensemaking1AlternativePerspectives.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Klein.EtAl.2006.MakingSenseOfSensemaking1AlternativePerspectives.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@book{piaget_understand_1973,
	title = {To understand is to invent: the future of education},
	shorttitle = {To understand is to invent},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Grossman Publishers},
	author = {Piaget, Jean},
	year = {1973},
	file = {Piaget.1973.ToUnderstantIsToInvent.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Piaget.1973.ToUnderstantIsToInvent.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@incollection{giere_critical_2001,
	title = {Critical {Hypothetical} {Evolutionary} {Naturalism}},
	isbn = {978-0-7914-9017-4},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Selection {Theory} and {Social} {Construct}: {The} {Evolutionary} {Naturalistic} {Epistemology} of {Donald} {T}. {Campbell}},
	publisher = {SUNY Press},
	author = {Giere, Ronald N.},
	editor = {Heyes, Cecilia M. and Hull, David L.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2001},
	lccn = {0000},
	keywords = {vveitas:world\_of\_views},
	pages = {53--70},
	file = {Heyes.Hull.2001.SelectionTheoryandSocialConstruct.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Heyes.Hull.2001.SelectionTheoryandSocialConstruct.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{tononi_information_2004,
	title = {An information integration theory of consciousness},
	volume = {5},
	copyright = {2004 Tononi; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
	issn = {1471-2202},
	url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/5/42/abstract},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2202-5-42},
	abstract = {Consciousness poses two main problems. The first is understanding the conditions that determine to what extent a system has conscious experience. For instance, why is our consciousness generated by certain parts of our brain, such as the thalamocortical system, and not by other parts, such as the cerebellum? And why are we conscious during wakefulness and much less so during dreamless sleep? The second problem is understanding the conditions that determine what kind of consciousness a system has. For example, why do specific parts of the brain contribute specific qualities to our conscious experience, such as vision and audition?
PMID: 15522121},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-06-11},
	journal = {BMC Neuroscience},
	author = {Tononi, Giulio},
	month = nov,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15522121},
	keywords = {vveitas:neuroscience},
	pages = {42},
	file = {Tononi.2004.AnInformationIntegrationTheoryOfConsciousness.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Tononi.2004.AnInformationIntegrationTheoryOfConsciousness.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{tononi_consciousness_2008,
	title = {Consciousness as {Integrated} {Information}: a {Provisional} {Manifesto}},
	volume = {215},
	issn = {0006-3185, 1939-8697},
	shorttitle = {Consciousness as {Integrated} {Information}},
	url = {http://www.biolbull.org/content/215/3/216},
	abstract = {The integrated information theory (IIT) starts from phenomenology and makes use of thought experiments to claim that consciousness is integrated information. Specifically: (i) the quantity of consciousness corresponds to the amount of integrated information generated by a complex of elements; (ii) the quality of experience is specified by the set of informational relationships generated within that complex. Integrated information (Φ) is defined as the amount of information generated by a complex of elements, above and beyond the information generated by its parts. Qualia space (Q) is a space where each axis represents a possible state of the complex, each point is a probability distribution of its states, and arrows between points represent the informational relationships among its elements generated by causal mechanisms (connections). Together, the set of informational relationships within a complex constitute a shape in Q that completely and univocally specifies a particular experience. Several observations concerning the neural substrate of consciousness fall naturally into place within the IIT framework. Among them are the association of consciousness with certain neural systems rather than with others; the fact that neural processes underlying consciousness can influence or be influenced by neural processes that remain unconscious; the reduction of consciousness during dreamless sleep and generalized seizures; and the distinct role of different cortical architectures in affecting the quality of experience. Equating consciousness with integrated information carries several implications for our view of nature.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-06-11},
	journal = {The Biological Bulletin},
	author = {Tononi, Giulio},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {19098144},
	pages = {216--242},
	file = {Tononi.2008.ConsciousnessAsIntegratedInformationAProvisionalManifesto.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Tononi.2008.ConsciousnessAsIntegratedInformationAProvisionalManifesto.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{burns_1._1998,
	title = {1. {The} social construction of consciousness. {Part} 1: collective consciousness and its socio-cultural foundations},
	volume = {5},
	shorttitle = {The social construction of consciousness. {Part} 1},
	abstract = {This paper outlines, from a sociological and social psychological perspective, a theoretical framework with which to define and analyse consciousness, emphasizing the importance of language, collective representations, conceptions of self, and self-reflectivity in understanding human consciousness. It argues that the shape and feel of consciousness is heavily social, and this is no less true of our experience of collective consciousness than it is of our experience of individual consciousness. The paper is divided into two parts. Part One argues that the problem of consciousness can be approached fruitfully by beginning with human group and collective phenomena: community, language, language-based communication, institutional and cultural arrangements, collective representations, self-conceptions, and self-referentiality. A collective is understood as a group or population of individuals (or collective agents as members) that possesses or develops collective representations of itself: its values and goals, its structure and modes of operating, its strategies, developments, strengths and weaknesses, etc. Collective reflectivity emerges as a function of an organization or group producing and making use of collective representations of the self (‘we’, our group, community, organization, nation) in its discussions, critical reflections, and planning. A collective monitors its activities, achievements and failures, and reflects on itself as a defined and on-going collective being. In this perspective, human consciousness is understood as a type of reflective activity: observing, monitoring, judging and re-orienting and re-organizing self; considering what characterizes the self, what self perceives, judges, could do, should do (or should not do). The reflectivity is encoded in language and developed in conversations about collective (as well as individual) selves. Part Two of the paper applies the framework to analysing the individual experience of consciousness, self-representation, self-reference, self-reflectivity and self-development.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Consciousness Studies},
	author = {Burns, T.R. and Engdahl, E.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {vveitas:cognitive\_development},
	pages = {67--85},
	file = {Burns.1998.TheSocialConstructionOfConsciousness.pdf:/media/data/vveitas/gdrive/vveitas@gmail.com/library/Burns.1998.TheSocialConstructionOfConsciousness.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{burns_2._1998,
	title = {2. {The} social construction of consciousness. {Part} 2: individual selves, self-awareness, and reflectivity},
	volume = {5},
	shorttitle = {The social construction of consciousness. {Part} 2},
	abstract = {From a sociological and social psychological perspective, this paper outlines and develops a theoretical framework with which to define and analyse consciousness, emphasizing the role of language, collective representations, conceptions of self, and self-reflectivity in human conscious phenomena. The paper focuses on the social origins of conscious phenomena, on collective as well as individual levels. Part 1 of the paper (Burns

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extension: bib