text:
date = {2014},
  pages = {155--160},
  author = {Bittner, Rachel M. and Salamon, Justin and Tierney, Mike and Mauch, Matthias and Cannam, Chris and Bello, Juan Pablo},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\7BKBN3ZV\\Bittner et al. - 2014 - MedleyDB A Multitrack Dataset for Annotation-Inte.pdf}
}

@article{selfridge-fieldConceptualRepresentationalIssues1998,
  title = {Conceptual and Representational Issues in Melodic Comparison},
  number = {11},
  journaltitle = {Computing in musicology: a directory of research},
  date = {1998},
  pages = {3--64},
  author = {Selfridge-Field, Eleanor}
}

@book{rycroftNewGroveDictionary1983,
  eprinttype = {jstor},
  eprint = {30249775},
  title = {The {{New Grove Dictionary}} of {{Music}} and {{Musicians}}},
  publisher = {{JSTOR}},
  date = {1983},
  author = {Rycroft, David K. and Sadie, Stanley}
}

@book{tochMelodielehreBeitragZur1923,
  langid = {german},
  location = {{Berlin}},
  title = {Melodielehre: ein Beitrag zur Musiktheorie},
  shorttitle = {Melodielehre},
  publisher = {{Max Hesse}},
  date = {1923},
  author = {Toch, Ernst},
  note = {OCLC: 23833156}
}

@book{poncedeleonamadorMiningDigitalMusic2008,
  title = {Mining Digital Music Score Collections: Melody Extraction and Genre Recognition},
  url = {http://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/16184},
  shorttitle = {Mining Digital Music Score Collections},
  publisher = {{Intech}},
  urldate = {2017-04-18},
  date = {2008},
  author = {Ponce de León Amador, Pedro José and Iñesta Quereda, José Manuel and Rizo Valero, David},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\X8KAHSSG\\Ponce de León Amador et al. - 2008 - Mining digital music score collections melody ext.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MXMNI4AI\\16184.html}
}

@article{boschComparisonMelodyExtraction2016,
  title = {A Comparison of Melody Extraction Methods Based on Source-Filter Modelling},
  url = {http://m.mr-pc.org/ismir16/website/articles/256_Paper.pdf},
  journaltitle = {Proc. ISMIR, New York},
  urldate = {2017-03-02},
  date = {2016},
  author = {Bosch, Juan J. and Bittner, Rachel M. and Salamon, Justin and Gómez, Emilia},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\7NWK9XQB\\Bosch et al. - 2016 - A comparison of melody extraction methods based on.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\RMIITFMQ\\Bosch et al. - 2016 - A comparison of melody extraction methods based on.pdf}
}

@book{fantAcousticTheorySpeech1971,
  title = {Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: With Calculations Based on {{X}}-Ray Studies of {{Russian}} Articulations},
  volume = {2},
  url = {https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=UY0iAAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&dq=G.+Fant,+Acoustic+Theory+of+Speech+Production.&ots=4eAVWbeB-U&sig=E3RAvCvFzzqV-7-5L3dlYYhfJlk},
  shorttitle = {Acoustic Theory of Speech Production},
  publisher = {{Walter de Gruyter}},
  urldate = {2017-03-30},
  date = {1971},
  author = {Fant, Gunnar},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\JAFPPUQ6\\books.html}
}

@inproceedings{herreraVibratoExtractionParameterization1998,
  title = {Vibrato Extraction and Parameterization in the Spectral Modeling Synthesis Framework},
  volume = {99},
  url = {http://www.academia.edu/download/34327454/dafx98-perfe.pdf},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {{Digital Audio Effects Workshop}} ({{DAFX98}})},
  urldate = {2017-03-30},
  date = {1998},
  author = {Herrera, Perfecto and Bonada, Jordi}
}

@inproceedings{bittnerMelodyExtractionContour2015,
  title = {Melody {{Extraction}} by {{Contour Classification}}.},
  url = {http://ai2-s2-pdfs.s3.amazonaws.com/03e6/8704aea0929e217e0f99449f458ba85d7c44.pdf},
  booktitle = {{{ISMIR}}},
  urldate = {2017-03-30},
  date = {2015},
  pages = {500--506},
  author = {Bittner, Rachel M. and Salamon, Justin and Essid, Slim and Bello, Juan Pablo},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\S2ME7E85\\Bittner et al. - 2015 - Melody Extraction by Contour Classification..pdf}
}

@inproceedings{salamonCurrentChallengesEvaluation2012,
  title = {Current {{Challenges}} in the {{Evaluation}} of {{Predominant Melody Extraction Algorithms}}.},
  volume = {12},
  url = {http://julian-urbano.info/files/publications/040-current-challenges-evaluation-predominant-melody-extraction-algorithms.pdf},
  booktitle = {{{ISMIR}}},
  urldate = {2017-03-30},
  date = {2012},
  pages = {289--294},
  author = {Salamon, Justin and Urbano, Julián},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\D43AA6EW\\Salamon and Urbano - 2012 - Current Challenges in the Evaluation of Predominan.pdf}
}

@article{polinerMelodyTranscriptionMusic2007,
  title = {Melody Transcription from Music Audio: {{Approaches}} and Evaluation},
  volume = {15},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4156215/},
  shorttitle = {Melody Transcription from Music Audio},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
  urldate = {2017-03-30},
  date = {2007},
  pages = {1247--1256},
  author = {Poliner, Graham E. and Ellis, Daniel PW and Ehmann, Andreas F. and Gómez, Emilia and Streich, Sebastian and Ong, Beesuan},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\AUSCTDFC\\4156215.html}
}

@article{gomezTonalDescriptionPolyphonic2006,
  title = {Tonal Description of Polyphonic Audio for Music Content Processing},
  volume = {18},
  url = {http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/ijoc.1040.0126},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {INFORMS Journal on Computing},
  urldate = {2017-03-30},
  date = {2006},
  pages = {294--304},
  author = {Gómez, Emilia},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\AVJPFUXK\\Gómez - 2006 - Tonal description of polyphonic audio for music co.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\TBFNRRPT\\ijoc.1040.html}
}

@article{gomezMelodyDescriptionExtraction2003,
  title = {Melody Description and Extraction in the Context of Music Content Processing},
  volume = {32},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1076/jnmr.32.1.23.16799},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Journal of New Music Research},
  urldate = {2017-03-30},
  date = {2003},
  pages = {23--40},
  author = {Gómez, Emilia and Klapuri, Anssi and Meudic, Benoît},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\4DKS45N9\\Gómez et al. - 2003 - Melody description and extraction in the context o.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VHBH5BZ6\\jnmr.32.1.23.html}
}

@article{habibiMusicFeelingsHuman2014,
  title = {Music, Feelings, and the Human Brain.},
  volume = {24},
  url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/pmu/24/1/92/},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain},
  urldate = {2017-03-20},
  date = {2014},
  pages = {92},
  author = {Habibi, Assal and Damasio, Antonio},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\WSJTEHBF\\Habibi and Damasio - 2014 - Music, feelings, and the human brain..pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\W66SUPGS\\92.html}
}

@incollection{juslinHowDoesMusic2011,
  title = {How Does Music Evoke Emotions? {{Exploring}} the Underlying Mechanisms},
  url = {https://philpapers.org/rec/JUSHDM},
  shorttitle = {How Does Music Evoke Emotions?},
  booktitle = {Handbook of {{Music}} and {{Emotion}}},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
  urldate = {2017-03-20},
  date = {2011},
  author = {Juslin, Patrik N. and Liljeström, Simon and Västfjäll, Daniel and Lundqvist, Lars-Olov},
  editor = {Juslin, Patrik N. and Sloboda, John},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MUCWAFQ4\\JUSHDM.html}
}

@article{barnivAuditoryStreamingOnline2015,
  title = {Auditory {{Streaming}} as an {{Online Classification Process}} with {{Evidence Accumulation}}},
  volume = {10},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0144788},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0144788},
  abstract = {When human subjects hear a sequence of two alternating pure tones, they often perceive it in one of two ways: as one integrated sequence (a single "stream" consisting of the two tones), or as two segregated sequences, one sequence of low tones perceived separately from another sequence of high tones (two "streams"). Perception of this stimulus is thus bistable. Moreover, subjects report on-going switching between the two percepts: unless the frequency separation is large, initial perception tends to be of integration, followed by toggling between integration and segregation phases. The process of stream formation is loosely named “auditory streaming”. Auditory streaming is believed to be a manifestation of human ability to analyze an auditory scene, i.e. to attribute portions of the incoming sound sequence to distinct sound generating entities. Previous studies suggested that the durations of the successive integration and segregation phases are statistically independent. This independence plays an important role in current models of bistability. Contrary to this, we show here, by analyzing a large set of data, that subsequent phase durations are positively correlated. To account together for bistability and positive correlation between subsequent durations, we suggest that streaming is a consequence of an evidence accumulation process. Evidence for segregation is accumulated during the integration phase and vice versa; a switch to the opposite percept occurs stochastically based on this evidence. During a long phase, a large amount of evidence for the opposite percept is accumulated, resulting in a long subsequent phase. In contrast, a short phase is followed by another short phase. We implement these concepts using a probabilistic model that shows both bistability and correlations similar to those observed experimentally.},
  number = {12},
  journaltitle = {PLOS ONE},
  shortjournal = {PLOS ONE},
  urldate = {2017-03-09},
  date = {2015-12-15},
  pages = {e0144788},
  keywords = {Perception,Algorithms,Normal distribution,Sensory perception,Sequence analysis,Simulation and modeling,Solid-phase extraction,Vision},
  author = {Barniv, Dana and Nelken, Israel},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MTC8GEIE\\Barniv and Nelken - 2015 - Auditory Streaming as an Online Classification Pro.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\2PZ32DQN\\article.html}
}

@article{salamonMelodyExtractionPolyphonic2012,
  title = {Melody {{Extraction From Polyphonic Music Signals Using Pitch Contour Characteristics}}},
  volume = {20},
  issn = {1558-7916},
  doi = {10.1109/TASL.2012.2188515},
  abstract = {We present a novel system for the automatic extraction of the main melody from polyphonic music recordings. Our approach is based on the creation and characterization of pitch contours, time continuous sequences of pitch candidates grouped using auditory streaming cues. We define a set of contour characteristics and show that by studying their distributions we can devise rules to distinguish between melodic and non-melodic contours. This leads to the development of new voicing detection, octave error minimization and melody selection techniques. A comparative evaluation of the proposed approach shows that it outperforms current state-of-the-art melody extraction systems in terms of overall accuracy. Further evaluation of the algorithm is provided in the form of a qualitative error analysis and the study of the effect of key parameters and algorithmic components on system performance. Finally, we conduct a glass ceiling analysis to study the current limitations of the method, and possible directions for future work are proposed.},
  number = {6},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
  date = {2012-08},
  pages = {1759-1770},
  keywords = {Music,humans,speech,music information retrieval,acoustic signal detection,Algorithm design and analysis,Audio content description,audio recording,auditory streaming cues,automatic melody extraction,ceilings,error analysis,error statistics,feature extraction,glass ceiling analysis,Instruments,key parameters components,Materials,melodic contours,melody selection techniques,multi-pitch estimation,Multiple signal classification,nonmelodic contours,octave error minimization,pitch contour,pitch contour characteristics,polyphonic music recording,polyphonic music signals,predominant melody estimation,qualitative error analysis,sequences,Speech processing,state-of-the-art melody extraction systems,time continuous pitch sequences,voice detection},
  author = {Salamon, J. and Gomez, E.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\2SZCEZVI\\Salamon and Gomez - 2012 - Melody Extraction From Polyphonic Music Signals Us.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\XWTZ7GKT\\Salamon and Gómez - 2012 - Melody extraction from polyphonic music signals us.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\ETEHFBSU\\6155601.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\FJXWU3CT\\6155601.html}
}

@article{salamonMelodyExtractionPolyphonic2014,
  title = {Melody {{Extraction}} from {{Polyphonic Music Signals}}: {{Approaches}}, Applications, and Challenges},
  volume = {31},
  issn = {1053-5888},
  doi = {10.1109/MSP.2013.2271648},
  shorttitle = {Melody {{Extraction}} from {{Polyphonic Music Signals}}},
  abstract = {Melody extraction algorithms aim to produce a sequence of frequency values corresponding to the pitch of the dominant melody from a musical recording. Over the past decade, melody extraction has emerged as an active research topic, comprising a large variety of proposed algorithms spanning a wide range of techniques. This article provides an overview of these techniques, the applications for which melody extraction is useful, and the challenges that remain. We start with a discussion of ?melody? from both musical and signal processing perspectives and provide a case study that interprets the output of a melody extraction algorithm for specific excerpts. We then provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of melody extraction algorithms based on the results of an international evaluation campaign. We discuss issues of algorithm design, evaluation, and applications that build upon melody extraction. Finally, we discuss some of the remaining challenges in melody extraction research in terms of algorithmic performance, development, and evaluation methodology.},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Signal Processing Magazine},
  date = {2014-03},
  pages = {118-134},
  keywords = {Music,INFORMATION retrieval,music information retrieval,Instruments,Multiple signal classification,polyphonic music signals,algorithm design,algorithm evaluation,audio signal processing,Data mining,dominant melody pitch,frequency value sequence,Harmonic analysis,international evaluation campaign,melody extraction algorithms,musical processing perspectives,musical recording,Signal processing algorithms,Time-frequency analysis},
  author = {Salamon, J. and Gomez, E. and Ellis, D. P. W. and Richard, G.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\3MUEC9JH\\Salamon et al. - 2014 - Melody extraction from polyphonic music signals A.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\DFWZZQ9G\\Salamon et al. - 2014 - Melody Extraction from Polyphonic Music Signals A.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\EFJP74CX\\6739213.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\KP2DGT2A\\6739213.html}
}

@inproceedings{jordanousVoiceSeparationPolyphonic2008,
  title = {Voice Separation in {{Polyphonic Music}}: A {{Data}}-{{Driven Approach}}.},
  url = {http://www.academia.edu/download/6249561/cr1582.pdf},
  shorttitle = {Voice Separation in {{Polyphonic Music}}},
  booktitle = {{{ICMC}}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2008},
  author = {Jordanous, Anna}
}

@inproceedings{kilianVoiceSeparationALocal2002,
  location = {{Paris: IRCAM - Centre Pompidou}},
  title = {Voice {{Separation}}-{{A Local Optimization Approach}}.},
  url = {http://www-devel.cs.ubc.ca/~hoos/Publ/KilHoo02.pdf},
  eventtitle = {{{ISMIR}}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {{Third International Conference}} on {{Music Information Retrieval}}},
  urldate = {2017-01-12},
  date = {2002},
  pages = {39-46},
  author = {Kilian, Jürgen and Hoos, Holger H.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\GHVP67QS\\Kilian and Hoos - 2002 - Voice Separation-A Local Optimization Approach..pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\TXX5FGXA\\Kilian and Hoos - Voice Separation-A Local Optimization Approach..pdf}
}

@article{boschMelodyExtractionMeans2015,
  title = {Melody Extraction by Means of a Source-Filter Model and Pitch Contour Characterization ({{MIREX}} 2015)},
  url = {http://www.mtg.upf.edu/system/files/publications/Bosch%20MIREX%202015.pdf},
  journaltitle = {11th Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX), extended abstract, Málaga, Spain},
  urldate = {2017-03-02},
  date = {2015},
  author = {Bosch, J. and Gómez, Emilia},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MCZZVZA9\\Bosch and Gómez - 2015 - Melody extraction by means of a source-filter mode.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{boschMelodyExtractionSymphonic2014,
  title = {Melody Extraction in Symphonic Classical Music: A Comparative Study of Mutual Agreement between Humans and Algorithms},
  url = {http://phenicx.upf.edu/system/files/publications/cim14_submission_114_ready.pdf},
  shorttitle = {Melody Extraction in Symphonic Classical Music},
  booktitle = {Proc. 9th {{Conference}} on {{Interdisciplinary Musicology}}–{{CIM14}}, {{Berlin}}, {{Germany}}},
  urldate = {2017-03-02},
  date = {2014},
  author = {Bosch, J. and Gómez, Emilia},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\D87ZVG5U\\Bosch and Gómez - 2014 - Melody extraction in symphonic classical music a .pdf}
}

@inproceedings{boschScoreinformedTimbreIndependent2012,
  title = {Score-Informed and Timbre Independent Lead Instrument Separation in Real-World Scenarios},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6334320/},
  booktitle = {Signal {{Processing Conference}} ({{EUSIPCO}}), 2012 {{Proceedings}} of the 20th {{European}}},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  urldate = {2017-03-02},
  date = {2012},
  pages = {2417--2421},
  author = {Bosch, Juan J. and Kondo, Kazunobu and Marxer, Ricard and Janer, Jordi},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\2TN64QJN\\Bosch et al. - 2012 - Score-informed and timbre independent lead instrum.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\PSTA635I\\6334320.html}
}

@article{boschEvaluationCombinationPitch2016,
  title = {Evaluation and Combination of Pitch Estimation Methods for Melody Extraction in Symphonic Classical Music},
  volume = {45},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09298215.2016.1182191},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09298215.2016.1182191},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Journal of New Music Research},
  urldate = {2017-03-02},
  date = {2016},
  pages = {101--117},
  author = {Bosch, Juan J. and Marxer, Ricard and Gómez, Emilia},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\V3KYQKF5\\Bosch et al. - 2016 - Evaluation and combination of pitch estimation met.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\9MBRCKP8\\09298215.2016.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\FXYB62ND\\09298215.2016.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\S47WRHX5\\09298215.2016.html}
}

@article{rafiiRepeatingPatternExtraction2013,
  title = {Repeating Pattern Extraction Technique ({{REPET}}): {{A}} Simple Method for Music/Voice Separation},
  volume = {21},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6269059/},
  shorttitle = {Repeating Pattern Extraction Technique ({{REPET}})},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {IEEE transactions on audio, speech, and language processing},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2013},
  pages = {73--84},
  author = {Rafii, Zafar and Pardo, Bryan},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VHEG6IJW\\Rafii and Pardo - 2013 - Repeating pattern extraction technique (REPET) A .pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\AAZMHEUD\\6269059.html}
}

@article{durrieuMusicallyMotivatedMidlevel2011,
  title = {A Musically Motivated Mid-Level Representation for Pitch Estimation and Musical Audio Source Separation},
  volume = {5},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5784290/},
  number = {6},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2011},
  pages = {1180--1191},
  author = {Durrieu, J. and David, Bertrand and Richard, Gaël},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\5KXGBT7W\\5784290.html}
}

@article{paivaMelodyDetectionPolyphonic2006,
  title = {Melody Detection in Polyphonic Musical Signals: {{Exploiting}} Perceptual Rules, Note Salience, and Melodic Smoothness},
  volume = {30},
  url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/comj.2006.30.4.80},
  shorttitle = {Melody Detection in Polyphonic Musical Signals},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {Computer Music Journal},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2006},
  pages = {80--98},
  author = {Paiva, Rui Pedro and Mendes, Teresa and Cardoso, Amílcar},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VHTD9JTT\\comj.2006.30.4.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\ZJ5CQD7E\\206774.html}
}

@inproceedings{tachibanaMelodyLineEstimation2010,
  title = {Melody Line Estimation in Homophonic Music Audio Signals Based on Temporal-Variability of Melodic Source},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5495764/},
  booktitle = {Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (Icassp), 2010 Ieee International Conference On},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2010},
  pages = {425--428},
  author = {Tachibana, Hideyuki and Ono, Takuma and Ono, Nobutaka and Sagayama, Shigeki},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\CZ9VUQFA\\Tachibana et al. - 2010 - Melody line estimation in homophonic music audio s.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\W24G54XE\\5495764.html}
}

@incollection{weydeChordandNoteBasedApproaches2016,
  title = {Chord-and {{Note}}-{{Based Approaches}} to {{Voice Separation}}},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-319-25931-4.pdf#page=148},
  booktitle = {Computational {{Music Analysis}}},
  publisher = {{Springer}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2016},
  pages = {137--154},
  author = {Weyde, Tillman and de Valk, Reinier},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\XG6PK94B\\Weyde and de Valk - 2016 - Chord-and Note-Based Approaches to Voice Separatio.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\94KW8PXS\\978-3-319-25931-4.html}
}

@article{mcleodHMMbasedVoiceSeparation2016,
  title = {{{HMM}}-Based Voice Separation of {{MIDI}} Performance},
  volume = {45},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09298215.2015.1136650},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Journal of New Music Research},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2016},
  pages = {17--26},
  author = {McLeod, Andrew and Steedman, Mark},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\4QISRXUB\\09298215.2015.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\KPKNTDJZ\\09298215.2015.html}
}

@inproceedings{guiomard-kaganComparingVoiceStream2015,
  title = {Comparing Voice and Stream Segmentation Algorithms},
  url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01246693/},
  booktitle = {International {{Society}} for {{Music Information Retrieval Conference}} ({{ISMIR}} 2015)},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2015},
  pages = {493--499},
  author = {Guiomard-Kagan, Nicolas and Giraud, Mathieu and Groult, Richard and Levé, Florence},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\RDDREHJF\\Guiomard-Kagan et al. - 2015 - Comparing voice and stream segmentation algorithms.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\6V8ZUBGS\\hal-01246693.html}
}

@inproceedings{ishigakiPrioritizedContigCombining2011,
  title = {Prioritized Contig Combining to Segregate Voices in Polyphonic Music},
  volume = {119},
  url = {http://www.smc-conference.org/smc11/papers/smc2011_119.pdf},
  booktitle = {Sound and {{Music Computing Conference}} ({{SMC}} 2011)},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2011},
  author = {Ishigaki, Asako and Matsubara, Masaki and Saito, Hiroaki},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VUVDUF8Q\\Ishigaki et al. - 2011 - Prioritized contig combining to segregate voices i.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{cambouropoulosVoiceSeparationTheoretical2006,
  title = {Voice Separation: Theoretical, Perceptual and Computational Perspectives},
  url = {http://users.auth.gr/~emilios/papers/icmpc2006.pdf},
  shorttitle = {Voice Separation},
  booktitle = {Int. {{Conf}}. on {{Music Perception}} and {{Cognition}} ({{ICMPC}})},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2006},
  author = {Cambouropoulos, Emilios},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\V99Z8BTX\\Cambouropoulos - 2006 - Voice separation theoretical, perceptual and comp.pdf}
}

@article{wieringCognitionbasedSegmentationMusic2009,
  title = {Cognition-Based Segmentation for Music Information Retrieval Systems},
  volume = {38},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09298210903171145},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Journal of New Music Research},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2009},
  pages = {139--154},
  author = {Wiering, Frans and de Nooijer, Justin and Volk, Anja and Tabachneck-Schijf, Hermi JM},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\6HXT284M\\09298210903171145.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\KXFXI5NS\\09298210903171145.html}
}

@inproceedings{karydisHorizontalVerticalIntegration2007,
  title = {Horizontal and Vertical Integration/Segregation in Auditory Streaming: A Voice Separation Algorithm for Symbolic Musical Data},
  url = {http://smc-conference.org/smc07/SMC07%20Proceedings/SMC07%20Paper%2050.pdf},
  shorttitle = {Horizontal and Vertical Integration/Segregation in Auditory Streaming},
  booktitle = {Proceedings 4th {{Sound}} and {{Music Computing Conference}} ({{SMC}}’2007)},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2007},
  author = {Karydis, Ioannis and Nanopoulos, Alexandros and Papadopoulos, Apostolos and Cambouropoulos, Emilios and Manolopoulos, Yannis},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\SHKSS5EN\\Karydis et al. - 2007 - Horizontal and vertical integrationsegregation in.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{kirlinVOISELearningSegregate2005,
  title = {{{VOISE}}: {{Learning}} to {{Segregate Voices}} in {{Explicit}} and {{Implicit Polyphony}}.},
  url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.74.1474&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
  shorttitle = {{{VOISE}}},
  booktitle = {{{ISMIR}}},
  publisher = {{Citeseer}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2005},
  pages = {552--557},
  author = {Kirlin, Phillip B. and Utgoff, Paul E.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\USVC5FT2\\Kirlin and Utgoff - 2005 - VOISE Learning to Segregate Voices in Explicit an.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{uitdenbogerdManipulationMusicMelody1998,
  title = {Manipulation of Music for Melody Matching},
  url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=290776},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {{ACM}} International Conference on {{Multimedia}}},
  publisher = {{ACM}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {1998},
  pages = {235--240},
  author = {Uitdenbogerd, Alexandra L. and Zobel, Justin},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\SIQD56FN\\citation.html}
}

@inproceedings{rizoPatternRecognitionApproach2006,
  title = {A {{Pattern Recognition Approach}} for {{Melody Track Selection}} in {{MIDI Files}}.},
  url = {http://www.academia.edu/download/32238952/ismir2006.pdf},
  booktitle = {{{ISMIR}}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2006},
  pages = {61--66},
  author = {Rizo, David and De León, Pedro J. Ponce and Pérez-Sancho, Carlos and Pertusa, Antonio and Quereda, José Manuel Iñesta}
}

@inproceedings{rizoMelodyTrackIdentification2006,
  title = {Melody {{Track Identification}} in {{Music Symbolic Files}}.},
  url = {https://vvvvw.aaai.org/Papers/FLAIRS/2006/Flairs06-049.pdf},
  booktitle = {{{FLAIRS Conference}}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2006},
  pages = {254--259},
  author = {Rizo, David and De León, Pedro J. Ponce and Pertusa, Antonio and Pérez-Sancho, Carlos and Quereda, José Manuel Iñesta}
}

@inproceedings{madsenComputationalModelMelody2007,
  title = {Towards a {{Computational Model}} of {{Melody Identification}} in {{Polyphonic Music}}.},
  url = {http://www.aaai.org/Papers/IJCAI/2007/IJCAI07-072.pdf},
  booktitle = {{{IJCAI}}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2007},
  pages = {459--464},
  author = {Madsen, Søren Tjagvad and Widmer, Gerhard},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\3UWA4XGV\\Madsen and Widmer - 2007 - Towards a Computational Model of Melody Identifica.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{madsenSeparatingVoicesMIDI2006,
  title = {Separating Voices in {{MIDI}}.},
  url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0510/f591c6ae52bd412ef65684af5e7a2764bd15.pdf},
  booktitle = {{{ISMIR}}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2006},
  pages = {57--60},
  author = {Madsen, Søren Tjagvad and Widmer, Gerhard},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\G4X5T6NU\\Madsen and Widmer - 2006 - Separating voices in MIDI..pdf}
}

@article{duaneAgencyInformationContent2012,
  title = {Agency and Information Content in Eighteenth-and Early Nineteenth-Century String-Quartet Expositions},
  volume = {56},
  url = {http://jmt.dukejournals.org/content/56/1/87.short},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Music Theory},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2012},
  pages = {87--120},
  author = {Duane, Ben},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\ZXSV6GKG\\87.html}
}

@inproceedings{madsenComplexitybasedApproachMelody2007,
  location = {{Hyderabad, India}},
  title = {A {{Complexity}}-Based {{Approach}} to {{Melody Track Identification}} in {{MIDI Files}}},
  url = {http://ai2-s2-pdfs.s3.amazonaws.com/6f0d/b229f11dd8596cfbbf31bbd1218a34f3612a.pdf},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {{International Workshop}} on {{Artificial Intelligence}} and {{Music}}},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2007},
  author = {Madsen, Søren Tjagvad and Widmer, Gerhard},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VFDVQWF6\\Madsen and Widmer - A Complexity-based Approach to Melody Track Identi.pdf}
}

@article{fribergRecognitionMainMelody2009,
  title = {Recognition of the Main Melody in a Polyphonic Symbolic Score Using Perceptual Knowledge},
  volume = {38},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09298210903215900},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Journal of New Music Research},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {2009},
  pages = {155--169},
  author = {Friberg, Anders and Ahlbäck, Sven},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\C4F76RG6\\09298210903215900.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\CQAWSEGU\\09298210903215900.html}
}

@article{mccabeModelAuditoryStreaming1997,
  title = {A Model of Auditory Streaming},
  volume = {101},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  doi = {10.1121/1.418176},
  abstract = {Describes a model of streaming that focuses primarily on the formation of sequential associations and suggests a spectral account of streaming rather than one which depends on temporal fine structure. This model demonstrates how streaming might result from interactions between the tonotopic patterns of activity of incoming signals and traces of previous activity that feed back and influence the way in which subsequent signals are processed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  shortjournal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  date = {1997-03},
  pages = {1611-1621},
  keywords = {Auditory Perception,Models,model of auditory streaming},
  author = {McCabe, Susan L. and Denham, Michael J.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\4PJXN4C2\\McCabe and Denham - 1997 - A model of auditory streaming.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\ICB3ZPD4\\1.html}
}

@article{deutschTwoChannelListening1975,
  title = {Two‐channel Listening to Musical Scales},
  volume = {57},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.380573},
  doi = {10.1121/1.380573},
  abstract = {Ss listened to a dichotic tonal sequence consisting of the repetitive presentation of the C major scale with successive tones alternating from ear to ear. The scale was presented simultaneously in both ascending and descending form, such that when a component of the ascending scale was in one ear, a component of the descending scale was in the other, and vice versa. All Ss channeled this sequence by frequency range: no S channeled by ear of input, and none reported a full ascending or descending scale. Various illusory percepts were obtained, which varied in correlation with the handedness of the listener. Right‐handers tended to perceive the upper tones of the dichotic sequence as emanating from the right earphone and the lower tones from the left, and to maintain this percept when the earphones were places in reverse position. Left‐handers as a group did not display the same localization tendency.Subject Classification: 65.22, 65.54, 65.62; 75.10.},
  number = {5},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  shortjournal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {1975-05-01},
  pages = {1156-1160},
  author = {Deutsch, Diana},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\Q42XVS6Q\\1975 - Two‐channel listening to musical scales.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\FNB6ZREB\\1.html}
}

@article{tougasAuditoryStreamingContinuity1990,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Auditory Streaming and the Continuity Illusion},
  volume = {47},
  issn = {0031-5117, 1532-5962},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03205976},
  doi = {10.3758/BF03205976},
  abstract = {In the present experiment, auditory stream organization was investigated in the presence of perceptually restored continuity. It was found that auditory streaming processes tend to yield the same perceptual organization independently of the presence or absence of perceptual restoration. Other observations include the dominance of frequency proximity over trajectory as a perceptual organization principle, and the effect of harmonic enrichment on perceptual grouping.},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Perception \& Psychophysics},
  shortjournal = {Perception \& Psychophysics},
  urldate = {2017-02-16},
  date = {1990-03-01},
  pages = {121-126},
  author = {Tougas, Yves and Bregman, Albert S.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\EJZQB733\\Tougas and Bregman - 1990 - Auditory streaming and the continuity illusion.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\PI56DMG4\\BF03205976.html}
}

@article{durrieuSourceFilterModel2010,
  title = {Source/{{Filter Model}} for {{Unsupervised Main Melody Extraction From Polyphonic Audio Signals}}},
  volume = {18},
  issn = {1558-7916},
  doi = {10.1109/TASL.2010.2041114},
  abstract = {Extracting the main melody from a polyphonic music recording seems natural even to untrained human listeners. To a certain extent it is related to the concept of source separation, with the human ability of focusing on a specific source in order to extract relevant information. In this paper, we propose a new approach for the estimation and extraction of the main melody (and in particular the leading vocal part) from polyphonic audio signals. To that aim, we propose a new signal model where the leading vocal part is explicitly represented by a specific source/filter model. The proposed representation is investigated in the framework of two statistical models: a Gaussian Scaled Mixture Model (GSMM) and an extended Instantaneous Mixture Model (IMM). For both models, the estimation of the different parameters is done within a maximum-likelihood framework adapted from single-channel source separation techniques. The desired sequence of fundamental frequencies is then inferred from the estimated parameters. The results obtained in a recent evaluation campaign (MIREX08) show that the proposed approaches are very promising and reach state-of-the-art performances on all test sets.},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
  date = {2010-03},
  pages = {564-575},
  keywords = {Music,humans,PERFORMANCE evaluation,audio recording,polyphonic music recording,audio signal processing,Data mining,Blind audio source separation,Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm,extended instantaneous mixture model,filtering theory,Filters,Frequency estimation,Gaussian processes,Gaussian scaled mixture model,Gaussian scaled mixture model (GSMM),main melody extraction,maximum likelihood,maximum likelihood estimation,maximum-likelihood framework,non-negative matrix factorization (NMF),Parameter estimation,polyphonic audio signals,signal model,single-channel source separation,source separation,source/filter model,spectral analysis,statistical model,Testing,unsupervised main melody extraction},
  author = {Durrieu, J. L. and Richard, G. and David, B. and Fevotte, C.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\RFKKJF3M\\Durrieu et al. - 2010 - SourceFilter Model for Unsupervised Main Melody E.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\3SPGD3BG\\5410055.html}
}

@article{fristonPerceptionsHypothesesSaccades2012,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Perceptions as {{Hypotheses}}: {{Saccades}} as {{Experiments}}},
  volume = {3},
  issn = {1664-1078},
  url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00151/abstract},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00151},
  shorttitle = {Perceptions as {{Hypotheses}}},
  abstract = {If perception corresponds to hypothesis testing (Gregory, 1980); then visual searches might be construed as experiments that generate sensory data. In this work, we explore the idea that saccadic eye movements are optimal experiments, in which data are gathered to test hypotheses or beliefs about how those data are caused. This provides a plausible model of visual search that can be motivated from the basic principles of self-organised behaviour: namely, the imperative to minimise the entropy of hidden states of the world and their sensory consequences. This imperative is met if agents sample hidden states of the world efficiently. This efficient sampling of salient information can be derived in a fairly straightforward way, using approximate Bayesian inference and variational free energy minimisation. Simulations of the resulting active inference scheme reproduce sequential eye movements that are reminiscent of empirically observed saccades and provide some counterintuitive insights into the way that sensory evidence is accumulated or simulated into beliefs about the world.},
  journaltitle = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  shortjournal = {Front. Psychol.},
  urldate = {2017-02-02},
  date = {2012},
  keywords = {Salience,Prediction,free energy,Visual search,active inference,Bayesian,exploration,surprise},
  author = {Friston, Karl and Adams, Rick and Perrinet, Laurent and Breakspear, Michael},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\2S5JANEI\\Friston et al. - 2012 - Perceptions as Hypotheses Saccades as Experiments.pdf}
}

@article{patonSkullboundPerceptionPrecision2013,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Skull-Bound Perception and Precision Optimization through Culture},
  volume = {36},
  issn = {1469-1825},
  doi = {10.1017/S0140525X12002191},
  abstract = {Clark acknowledges but resists the indirect mind-world relation inherent in prediction error minimization (PEM). But directness should also be resisted. This creates a puzzle, which calls for reconceptualization of the relation. We suggest that a causal conception captures both aspects. With this conception, aspects of situated cognition, social interaction and culture can be understood as emerging through precision optimization.},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  shortjournal = {Behav Brain Sci},
  date = {2013-06},
  pages = {222},
  keywords = {Attention,brain,cognition,humans,Perception,Cognitive Science},
  author = {Paton, Bryan and Skewes, Josh and Frith, Chris and Hohwy, Jakob},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {23663524}
}

@article{sethExtendingPredictiveProcessing2013,
  title = {Extending Predictive Processing to the Body: {{Emotion}} as Interoceptive Inference},
  volume = {36},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236689214_Extending_predictive_processing_to_the_body_Emotion_as_interoceptive_inference},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12002270},
  shorttitle = {Extending Predictive Processing to the Body},
  abstract = {Extending predictive processing to the body: Emotion as interoceptive inference on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  urldate = {2017-02-02},
  date = {2013},
  pages = {47-58},
  author = {Seth, Anil K. and Critchley, Hugo},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\ZPG2AWT3\\236689214_Extending_predictive_processing_to_the_body_Emotion_as_interoceptive_inference.html}
}

@article{fristonTheoryCorticalResponses2005,
  langid = {english},
  title = {A Theory of Cortical Responses},
  volume = {360},
  issn = {0962-8436},
  doi = {10.1098/rstb.2005.1622},
  abstract = {This article concerns the nature of evoked brain responses and the principles underlying their generation. We start with the premise that the sensory brain has evolved to represent or infer the causes of changes in its sensory inputs. The problem of inference is well formulated in statistical terms. The statistical fundaments of inference may therefore afford important constraints on neuronal implementation. By formulating the original ideas of Helmholtz on perception, in terms of modern-day statistical theories, one arrives at a model of perceptual inference and learning that can explain a remarkable range of neurobiological facts.It turns out that the problems of inferring the causes of sensory input (perceptual inference) and learning the relationship between input and cause (perceptual learning) can be resolved using exactly the same principle. Specifically, both inference and learning rest on minimizing the brain's free energy, as defined in statistical physics. Furthermore, inference and learning can proceed in a biologically plausible fashion. Cortical responses can be seen as the brain's attempt to minimize the free energy induced by a stimulus and thereby encode the most likely cause of that stimulus. Similarly, learning emerges from changes in synaptic efficacy that minimize the free energy, averaged over all stimuli encountered. The underlying scheme rests on empirical Bayes and hierarchical models of how sensory input is caused. The use of hierarchical models enables the brain to construct prior expectations in a dynamic and context-sensitive fashion. This scheme provides a principled way to understand many aspects of cortical organization and responses. The aim of this article is to encompass many apparently unrelated anatomical, physiological and psychophysical attributes of the brain within a single theoretical perspective. In terms of cortical architectures, the theoretical treatment predicts that sensory cortex should be arranged hierarchically, that connections should be reciprocal and that forward and backward connections should show a functional asymmetry (forward connections are driving, whereas backward connections are both driving and modulatory). In terms of synaptic physiology, it predicts associative plasticity and, for dynamic models, spike-timing-dependent plasticity. In terms of electrophysiology, it accounts for classical and extra classical receptive field effects and long-latency or endogenous components of evoked cortical responses. It predicts the attenuation of responses encoding prediction error with perceptual learning and explains many phenomena such as repetition suppression, mismatch negativity (MMN) and the P300 in electroencephalography. In psychophysical terms, it accounts for the behavioural correlates of these physiological phenomena, for example, priming and global precedence. The final focus of this article is on perceptual learning as measured with the MMN and the implications for empirical studies of coupling among cortical areas using evoked sensory responses.},
  number = {1456},
  journaltitle = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences},
  shortjournal = {Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci.},
  date = {2005-04-29},
  pages = {815-836},
  keywords = {humans,electrophysiology,Learning,Perception,Models; Neurological,Cerebral Cortex,Biophysical Phenomena,Biophysics,Interneurons,Models; Statistical,Synapses},
  author = {Friston, Karl},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {15937014},
  pmcid = {PMC1569488}
}

@article{fristonFreeenergyPrincipleRough2009,
  langid = {english},
  title = {The Free-Energy Principle: A Rough Guide to the Brain?},
  volume = {13},
  issn = {1364-6613},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005},
  shorttitle = {The Free-Energy Principle},
  abstract = {This article reviews a free-energy formulation that advances Helmholtz's agenda to find principles of brain function based on conservation laws and neuronal energy. It rests on advances in statistical physics, theoretical biology and machine learning to explain a remarkable range of facts about brain structure and function. We could have just scratched the surface of what this formulation offers; for example, it is becoming clear that the Bayesian brain is just one facet of the free-energy principle and that perception is an inevitable consequence of active exchange with the environment. Furthermore, one can see easily how constructs like memory, attention, value, reinforcement and salience might disclose their simple relationships within this framework.},
  number = {7},
  journaltitle = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  shortjournal = {Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.)},
  date = {2009-07},
  pages = {293-301},
  keywords = {brain,Neural Pathways,humans,Learning,entropy,Recognition (Psychology),Models; Neurological,Environment,Quantum Theory},
  author = {Friston, Karl},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {19559644}
}

@article{toussaintProbabilisticInferenceModel2009,
  title = {Probabilistic Inference as a Model of Planned Behavior},
  volume = {3},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251685706_Probabilistic_inference_as_a_model_of_planned_behavior},
  abstract = {Official Full-Text Publication: Probabilistic inference as a model of planned behavior on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.},
  journaltitle = {ResearchGate},
  urldate = {2017-01-19},
  date = {2009-01-01},
  author = {Toussaint, Marc},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\SERKCAJC\\251685706_Probabilistic_inference_as_a_model_of_planned_behavior.html}
}

@article{fristonLearningInferenceBrain2003,
  title = {Learning and Inference in the Brain},
  volume = {16},
  issn = {0893-6080},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608003002454},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2003.06.005},
  abstract = {This article is about how the brain data mines its sensory inputs. There are several architectural principles of functional brain anatomy that have emerged from careful anatomic and physiologic studies over the past century. These principles are considered in the light of representational learning to see if they could have been predicted a priori on the basis of purely theoretical considerations. We first review the organisation of hierarchical sensory cortices, paying special attention to the distinction between forward and backward connections. We then review various approaches to representational learning as special cases of generative models, starting with supervised learning and ending with learning based upon empirical Bayes. The latter predicts many features, such as a hierarchical cortical system, prevalent top-down backward influences and functional asymmetries between forward and backward connections that are seen in the real brain.

The key points made in this article are: (i) hierarchical generative models enable the learning of empirical priors and eschew prior assumptions about the causes of sensory input that are inherent in non-hierarchical models. These assumptions are necessary for learning schemes based on information theory and efficient or sparse coding, but are not necessary in a hierarchical context. Critically, the anatomical infrastructure that may implement generative models in the brain is hierarchical. Furthermore, learning based on empirical Bayes can proceed in a biologically plausible way. (ii) The second point is that backward connections are essential if the processes generating inputs cannot be inverted, or the inversion cannot be parameterised. Because these processes involve many-to-one mappings, are non-linear and dynamic in nature, they are generally non-invertible. This enforces an explicit parameterisation of generative models (i.e. backward connections) to afford recognition and suggests that forward architectures, on their own, are not sufficient for perception. (iii) Finally, non-linearities in generative models, mediated by backward connections, require these connections to be modulatory, so that representations in higher cortical levels can interact to predict responses in lower levels. This is important in relation to functional asymmetries in forward and backward connections that have been demonstrated empirically.},
  number = {9},
  journaltitle = {Neural Networks},
  shortjournal = {Neural Networks},
  series = {Neuroinformatics},
  urldate = {2017-01-19},
  date = {2003-11},
  pages = {1325-1352},
  keywords = {predictive coding,inference,information theory,Bayesian,Generative models},
  author = {Friston, Karl},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\6MHFHSPV\\Friston - 2003 - Learning and inference in the brain.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MJPXRDQX\\S0893608003002454.html}
}

@article{slaterEffectTactileCues2016,
  langid = {english},
  title = {The Effect of Tactile Cues on Auditory Stream Segregation Ability of Musicians and Nonmusicians},
  volume = {26},
  issn = {2162-1535 0275-3987},
  doi = {10.1037/pmu0000143},
  abstract = {Difficulty perceiving music is often cited as one of the main problems facing hearing-impaired listeners. It has been suggested that musical enjoyment could be enhanced if sound information absent due to impairment is transmitted via other sensory modalities such as vision or touch. In this study, we test whether tactile cues can be used to segregate 2 interleaved melodies. Twelve musicians and 12 nonmusicians were asked to detect changes in a 4-note repeated melody interleaved with a random melody. In order to perform this task, the listener must be able to segregate the target melody from the random melody. Tactile cues were applied to the listener’s fingers on half of the blocks. Results showed that tactile cues can significantly improve the melodic segregation ability in both musician and nonmusician groups in challenging listening conditions. Overall, the musician group performance was always better; however, the magnitude of improvement with the introduction of tactile cues was similar in both groups. This study suggests that hearing-impaired listeners could potentially benefit from a system transmitting such information via a tactile modality.},
  number = {2},
  journaltitle = {Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain},
  date = {2016},
  pages = {162-166},
  keywords = {Auditory Perception,*Musical Ability,*Cues,*Music Perception,*Musicians,Tactual Perception},
  author = {Slater, Kyle D. and Marozeau, Jeremy},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MT9ADRAE\\Slater and Marozeau - 2016 - The effect of tactile cues on auditory stream segr.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\6E4E532Q\\2016-22732-001.html}
}

@article{boroujeniComparisonAuditoryStream2017,
  title = {Comparison of Auditory Stream Segregation in Sighted and Early Blind Individuals},
  volume = {638},
  issn = {0304-3940},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304394016309570},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.022},
  abstract = {An important characteristic of the auditory system is the capacity to analyze complex sounds and make decisions on the source of the constituent parts of these sounds. Blind individuals compensate for the lack of visual information by an increase input from other sensory modalities, including increased auditory information. The purpose of the current study was to compare the fission boundary (FB) threshold of sighted and early blind individuals through spectral aspects using a psychoacoustic auditory stream segregation (ASS) test. This study was conducted on 16 sighted and 16 early blind adult individuals. The applied stimuli were presented sequentially as the pure tones A and B and as a triplet ABA–ABA pattern at the intensity of 40 dBSL. The A tone frequency was selected as the basis at values of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. The B tone was presented with the difference of a 4–100\% above the basis tone frequency. Blind individuals had significantly lower FB thresholds than sighted people. FB was independent of the frequency of the tone A when expressed as the difference in the number of equivalent rectangular bandwidths (ERBs). Early blindness may increase perceptual separation of the acoustic stimuli to form accurate representations of the world.},
  journaltitle = {Neuroscience Letters},
  shortjournal = {Neuroscience Letters},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2017-01-18},
  pages = {218-221},
  keywords = {plasticity,auditory stream segregation,Blindness,Compensation,Equivalent rectangular bandwidths,Fission boundary threshold},
  author = {Boroujeni, Fatemeh Moghadasi and Heidari, Fatemeh and Rouzbahani, Masoumeh and Kamali, Mohammad},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\39TX9RKM\\Boroujeni et al. - 2017 - Comparison of auditory stream segregation in sight.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\SVBAEDP6\\S0304394016309570.html}
}

@article{szaboComputationalModelsAuditory2016,
  title = {Computational {{Models}} of {{Auditory Scene Analysis}}: {{A Review}}},
  volume = {10},
  issn = {1662-4548},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5108797/},
  doi = {10.3389/fnins.2016.00524},
  shorttitle = {Computational {{Models}} of {{Auditory Scene Analysis}}},
  abstract = {Auditory scene analysis (ASA) refers to the process (es) of parsing the complex acoustic input into auditory perceptual objects representing either physical sources or temporal sound patterns, such as melodies, which contributed to the sound waves reaching the ears. A number of new computational models accounting for some of the perceptual phenomena of ASA have been published recently. Here we provide a theoretically motivated review of these computational models, aiming to relate their guiding principles to the central issues of the theoretical framework of ASA. Specifically, we ask how they achieve the grouping and separation of sound elements and whether they implement some form of competition between alternative interpretations of the sound input. We consider the extent to which they include predictive processes, as important current theories suggest that perception is inherently predictive, and also how they have been evaluated. We conclude that current computational models of ASA are fragmentary in the sense that rather than providing general competing interpretations of ASA, they focus on assessing the utility of specific processes (or algorithms) for finding the causes of the complex acoustic signal. This leaves open the possibility for integrating complementary aspects of the models into a more comprehensive theory of ASA.},
  journaltitle = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
  shortjournal = {Front Neurosci},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2016-11-15},
  author = {Szabó, Beáta T. and Denham, Susan L. and Winkler, István},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\8Q35XASS\\Szabó et al. - 2016 - Computational Models of Auditory Scene Analysis A.pdf},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {27895552},
  pmcid = {PMC5108797}
}

@article{deikeProbingNeuralMechanisms2016,
  title = {Probing Neural Mechanisms Underlying Auditory Stream Segregation in Humans by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ({{tDCS}})},
  volume = {91},
  issn = {0028-3932},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393216303098},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.017},
  abstract = {One hypothesis concerning the neural underpinnings of auditory streaming states that frequency tuning of tonotopically organized neurons in primary auditory fields in combination with physiological forward suppression is necessary for the separation of representations of high-frequency A and low-frequency B tones. The extent of spatial overlap between the tonotopic activations of A and B tones is thought to underlie the perceptual organization of streaming sequences into one coherent or two separate streams. The present study attempts to interfere with these mechanisms by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and to probe behavioral outcomes reflecting the perception of ABAB streaming sequences. We hypothesized that tDCS by modulating cortical excitability causes a change in the separateness of the representations of A and B tones, which leads to a change in the proportions of one-stream and two-stream percepts. To test this, 22 subjects were presented with ambiguous ABAB sequences of three different frequency separations (∆F) and had to decide on their current percept after receiving sham, anodal, or cathodal tDCS over the left auditory cortex. We could confirm our hypothesis at the most ambiguous ∆F condition of 6 semitones. For anodal compared with sham and cathodal stimulation, we found a significant decrease in the proportion of two-stream perception and an increase in the proportion of one-stream perception. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using tDCS to probe mechanisms underlying auditory streaming through the use of various behavioral measures. Moreover, this approach allows one to probe the functions of auditory regions and their interactions with other processing stages.},
  journaltitle = {Neuropsychologia},
  shortjournal = {Neuropsychologia},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2016-10},
  pages = {262-267},
  keywords = {auditory stream segregation,Perception,Frequency representation; forward suppression,tDCS},
  author = {Deike, Susann and Deliano, Matthias and Brechmann, André},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\T9TAZA8E\\Deike et al. - 2016 - Probing neural mechanisms underlying auditory stre.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VN3A7XZI\\S0028393216303098.html}
}

@article{changDetectiontheoreticAnalysisRelation2016,
  title = {A Detection-Theoretic Analysis of the Relation between Multitone Auditory Streaming and Masking},
  volume = {139},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302070239_A_detection-theoretic_analysis_of_the_relation_between_multitone_auditory_streaming_and_masking},
  doi = {10.1121/1.4949820},
  abstract = {Official Full-Text Publication: A detection-theoretic analysis of the relation between multitone auditory streaming and masking on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {ResearchGate},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2016-04-01},
  pages = {1990-1990},
  author = {Chang, An-chieh and Lutfi, Robert A. and Lee, Jungmee},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\768NG4K5\\302070239_A_detection-theoretic_analysis_of_the_relation_between_multitone_auditory_streaming_a.html}
}

@thesis{changExaminingRelationAuditory2016,
  title = {Examining the Relation between Auditory Streaming and Masking Using a Detection-Theoretic Approach},
  url = {http://gradworks.umi.com/10/25/10250965.html},
  institution = {{THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON}},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2016},
  author = {Chang, An-chieh},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\J4TXPFJV\\10250965.html}
}

@article{mehtaNeuralCorrelatesAttention2016,
  title = {Neural Correlates of Attention and Streaming in a Perceptually Multistable Auditory Illusion},
  volume = {140},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.4963902},
  doi = {10.1121/1.4963902},
  abstract = {In a complex acoustic environment, acoustic cues and attention interact in the formation of streams within the auditory scene. In this study, a variant of the “octave illusion” [Deutsch (1974). Nature 251, 307–309] was used to investigate the neural correlates of auditory streaming, and to elucidate the effects of attention on the interaction between sequential and concurrent sound segregation in humans. By directing subjects' attention to different frequencies and ears, it was possible to elicit several different illusory percepts with the identical stimulus. The first experiment tested the hypothesis that the illusion depends on the ability of listeners to perceptually stream the target tones from within the alternating sound sequences. In the second experiment, concurrent psychophysical measures and electroencephalography recordings provided neural correlates of the various percepts elicited by the multistable stimulus. The results show that the perception and neural correlates of the auditory illusion can be manipulated robustly by attentional focus and that the illusion is constrained in much the same way as auditory stream segregation, suggesting common underlying mechanisms.},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  shortjournal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2016-10-01},
  pages = {2225-2233},
  author = {Mehta, Anahita H. and Yasin, Ifat and Oxenham, Andrew J. and Shamma, Shihab},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\WMKVB6S3\\Mehta et al. - 2016 - Neural correlates of attention and streaming in a .pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\M4V2QMRI\\1.html}
}

@article{farkasAssessingValiditySubjective2016,
  title = {Assessing the Validity of Subjective Reports in the Auditory Streaming Paradigm},
  volume = {139},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1121/1.4945720},
  doi = {10.1121/1.4945720},
  abstract = {While subjective reports provide a direct measure of perception, their validity is not self-evident. Here, the authors tested three possible biasing effects on perceptual reports in the auditory streaming paradigm: errors due to imperfect understanding of the instructions, voluntary perceptual biasing, and susceptibility to implicit expectations. (1) Analysis of the responses to catch trials separately promoting each of the possible percepts allowed the authors to exclude participants who likely have not fully understood the instructions. (2) Explicit biasing instructions led to markedly different behavior than the conventional neutral-instruction condition, suggesting that listeners did not voluntarily bias their perception in a systematic way under the neutral instructions. Comparison with a random response condition further supported this conclusion. (3) No significant relationship was found between social desirability, a scale-based measure of susceptibility to implicit social expectations, and any of the perceptual measures extracted from the subjective reports. This suggests that listeners did not significantly bias their perceptual reports due to possible implicit expectations present in the experimental context. In sum, these results suggest that valid perceptual data can be obtained from subjective reports in the auditory streaming paradigm.},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  shortjournal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2016-04-01},
  pages = {1762-1772},
  author = {Farkas, Dávid and Denham, Susan L. and Bendixen, Alexandra and Winkler, István},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\4QNE5Q6T\\Farkas et al. - 2016 - Assessing the validity of subjective reports in th.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\5GC2Q2JH\\1.html}
}

@article{luTemporalCoherenceStructure2017,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Temporal Coherence Structure Rapidly Shapes Neuronal Interactions},
  volume = {8},
  issn = {2041-1723},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2017/170105/ncomms13900/full/ncomms13900.html},
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms13900},
  abstract = {One can easily identify if multiple sounds are originating from a single source yet the neural mechanisms underlying this process are unknown. Here the authors show that temporally coherent sounds elicit changes in receptive field dynamics of auditory cortical neurons in ferrets only when paying attention.},
  journaltitle = {Nature Communications},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2017-01-05},
  pages = {13900},
  author = {Lu, Kai and Xu, Yanbo and Yin, Pingbo and Oxenham, Andrew J. and Fritz, Jonathan B. and Shamma, Shihab A.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\8I9D4VKD\\ncomms13900.html}
}

@article{southwellPredictabilitySalientStudy2017,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Is Predictability Salient? {{A}} Study of Attentional Capture by Auditory Patterns},
  volume = {372},
  issn = {0962-8436, 1471-2970},
  url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/372/1714/20160105},
  doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0105},
  shorttitle = {Is Predictability Salient?},
  abstract = {In this series of behavioural and electroencephalography (EEG) experiments, we investigate the extent to which repeating patterns of sounds capture attention. Work in the visual domain has revealed attentional capture by statistically predictable stimuli, consistent with predictive coding accounts which suggest that attention is drawn to sensory regularities. Here, stimuli comprised rapid sequences of tone pips, arranged in regular (REG) or random (RAND) patterns. EEG data demonstrate that the brain rapidly recognizes predictable patterns manifested as a rapid increase in responses to REG relative to RAND sequences. This increase is reminiscent of the increase in gain on neural responses to attended stimuli often seen in the neuroimaging literature, and thus consistent with the hypothesis that predictable sequences draw attention. To study potential attentional capture by auditory regularities, we used REG and RAND sequences in two different behavioural tasks designed to reveal effects of attentional capture by regularity. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that regularity does not capture attention.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Auditory and visual scene analysis’.},
  number = {1714},
  journaltitle = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B},
  shortjournal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2017-02-19},
  pages = {20160105},
  author = {Southwell, Rosy and Baumann, Anna and Gal, Cécile and Barascud, Nicolas and Friston, Karl and Chait, Maria},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\QCCZKB7J\\Southwell et al. - 2017 - Is predictability salient A study of attentional .pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\BXVUP8AK\\20160105.html},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {28044016}
}

@article{denhamPerceptualBistabilityAuditory2013,
  title = {Perceptual Bistability in Auditory Streaming: {{How}} Much Do Stimulus Features Matter?},
  volume = {5},
  issn = {1789-3186},
  url = {http://www.akademiai.com/doi/abs/10.1556/LP.5.2013.Suppl2.6},
  doi = {10.1556/LP.5.2013.Suppl2.6},
  shorttitle = {Perceptual Bistability in Auditory Streaming},
  abstract = {The auditory two-tone streaming paradigm has been used extensively to study the mechanisms that underlie the decomposition of the auditory input into coherent sound sequences. Using longer tone sequences than usual in the literature, we show that listeners hold their first percept of the sound sequence for a relatively long period, after which perception switches between two or more alternative sound organizations, each held on average for a much shorter duration. The first percept also differs from subsequent ones in that stimulus parameters influence its quality and duration to a far greater degree than the subsequent ones. We propose an account of auditory streaming in terms of rivalry between competing temporal associations based on two sets of processes. The formation of associations (discovery of alternative interpretations) mainly affects the first percept by determining which sound group is discovered first and how long it takes for alternative groups to be established. In contrast, subsequent percepts arise from stochastic switching between the alternatives, the dynamics of which are determined by competitive interactions between the set of coexisting interpretations.},
  issue = {Supplement 2},
  journaltitle = {Learning \& Perception},
  shortjournal = {Learning \& Perception},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2013-06-01},
  pages = {73-100},
  author = {Denham, Susan L. and Gyimesi, Kinga and Stefanics, Gábor and Winkler, István},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\K3JCJPTZ\\LP.5.2013.Suppl2.html}
}

@article{rankinNeuromechanisticModelAuditory2015,
  title = {Neuromechanistic {{Model}} of {{Auditory Bistability}}},
  volume = {11},
  issn = {1553-7358},
  url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004555},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004555},
  abstract = {Author Summary Humans have an astonishing ability to separate out different sound sources in a busy room: think of how we can hear individual voices in a bustling coffee shop. Rather than voices, we use sound stimuli in the lab: repeating patterns of high and low tones. The tone sequences are ambiguous and can be interpreted in different ways—either grouped into a single stream, or separated out into different streams. When listening for a long time, one’s perception switches every few seconds, a phenomenon called auditory bistability. Based on knowledge of the organization of brain areas involved in separating out different sound sources and how neurons in these areas respond to the ambiguous sequences, we developed a computational model of auditory bistabilty. Our model is less abstract than existing models and shows how groups of neurons may compete in order to dictate what you perceive. We predict how the difference between the two tone sequences affects what you hear over time and we performed an experiment with human listeners to confirm our prediction. The model provides groundwork to further explore the way the brain deals with the busy and often ambiguous world of sound.},
  number = {11},
  journaltitle = {PLOS Computational Biology},
  shortjournal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2015-11-12},
  pages = {e1004555},
  keywords = {Attention,Perception,Psychoacoustics,Sensory perception,Simulation and modeling,Vision,Inhibitions,Statistical distributions},
  author = {Rankin, James and Sussman, Elyse and Rinzel, John},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\SUEDH4KJ\\Rankin et al. - 2015 - Neuromechanistic Model of Auditory Bistability.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\KZFAGGAZ\\article.html}
}

@article{millModellingEmergenceDynamics2013,
  title = {Modelling the {{Emergence}} and {{Dynamics}} of {{Perceptual Organisation}} in {{Auditory Streaming}}},
  volume = {9},
  issn = {1553-7358},
  url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002925},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002925},
  abstract = {Author Summary The sound waves produced by objects in the environment mix together before reaching the ears. Before we can make sense of an auditory scene, our brains must solve the puzzle of how to disassemble the sound waveform into groupings that correspond to the original source signals. How is this feat accomplished? We propose that the auditory system continually scans the structure of incoming signals in search of clues to indicate which pieces belong together. For instance, sound events may belong together if they have similar features, or form part of a clear temporal pattern. However this process is complicated by lack of knowledge of future events and the many possible ways in which even a simple sound sequence can be decomposed. The biological solution is multistability: one possible interpretation of a sound is perceived initially, which then gives way to another interpretation, and so on. We propose a model of auditory multistability, in which fragmental descriptions of the signal compete and cooperate to explain the sound scene. We demonstrate, using simplified experimental stimuli, that the model can account for both the contents (perceptual organisations) and the dynamics of human perception in auditory streaming.},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {PLOS Computational Biology},
  shortjournal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2013-03-14},
  pages = {e1002925},
  keywords = {HEARING,Perception,Sensory perception,Simulation and modeling,Vision,Behavior,Dynamical systems,Phase determination},
  author = {Mill, Robert W. and Bőhm, Tamás M. and Bendixen, Alexandra and Winkler, István and Denham, Susan L.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\U6NR4Z4P\\Mill et al. - 2013 - Modelling the Emergence and Dynamics of Perceptual.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\5A2SCS34\\article.html}
}

@article{changAuditoryStreamingTones2015,
  title = {Auditory Streaming of Tones of Uncertain Frequency, Level, and Duration},
  volume = {138},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1121/1.4936981},
  doi = {10.1121/1.4936981},
  abstract = {Stimulus uncertainty is known to critically affect auditory masking, but its influence on auditory streaming has been largely ignored. Standard ABA-ABA tone sequences were made increasingly uncertain by increasing the sigma of normal distributions from which the frequency, level, or duration of tones were randomly drawn. Consistent with predictions based on a model of masking by Lutfi, Gilbertson, Chang, and Stamas [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 2160–2170 (2013)], the frequency difference for which A and B tones formed separate streams increased as a linear function of sigma in tone frequency but was much less affected by sigma in tone level or duration.},
  number = {6},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  shortjournal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  urldate = {2017-01-16},
  date = {2015-12-01},
  pages = {EL504-EL508},
  author = {Chang, An-Chieh and Lutfi, Robert A. and Lee, Jungmee},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\7DWZ4CSK\\Chang et al. - 2015 - Auditory streaming of tones of uncertain frequency.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\9WZG7WNV\\1.html}
}

@article{bregmanAuditorySegregationStream1975,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Auditory Segregation: Stream or Streams?},
  volume = {1},
  issn = {0096-1523},
  shorttitle = {Auditory Segregation},
  abstract = {When auditory material segregates into "streams," is the unattended stream actually organized as an entity? An affirmative answer is suggested by the observation that the organizational structure of the unattended material interacts with the structure of material to which the subject is trying to attend. Specificially, a to-be-rejected stream can, because of its structure, capture from a to-be-judged stream elements that would otherwiise be acceptable members of the to-be-judged stream.},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance},
  shortjournal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
  date = {1975-08},
  pages = {263-267},
  keywords = {Attention,Auditory Perception,humans,Adult,Adolescent,Judgment},
  author = {Bregman, A. S. and Rudnicky, A. I.},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {1202149}
}

@article{vondermalsburgNeuralCocktailpartyProcessor1986,
  langid = {english},
  title = {A Neural Cocktail-Party Processor},
  volume = {54},
  issn = {0340-1200},
  abstract = {Sensory segmentation is an outstanding unsolved problem of theoretical, practical and technical importance. The basic idea of a solution is described in the form of a model. The response of "neurons" within the sensory field is temporally unstable. Segmentation is expressed by synchronization within segments and desynchronization between segments. Correlations are generated by an autonomous pattern formation process. Neuronal coupling is the result both of peripheral evidence (similarity of local quality) and of central evidence (common membership in a stored pattern). The model is consistent with known anatomy and physiology. However, a new physiological function, synaptic modulation, has to be postulated. The present paper restricts explicit treatment to the peripheral evidence represented by amplitude modulations globally present in all components of a sound spectrum. Generalization to arbitrary sensory qualities will be the subject of a later paper. The model is an application and illustration of the Correlation Theory of brain function.},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Biological Cybernetics},
  shortjournal = {Biol Cybern},
  date = {1986},
  pages = {29-40},
  keywords = {Auditory Perception,animals,humans,Models; Neurological,Neuronal Plasticity,Synapses,Action Potentials,Mathematics,Neural Conduction,Neural Inhibition,Neurons; Afferent,Pattern Recognition; Automated},
  author = {von der Malsburg, C. and Schneider, W.},
  options = {useprefix=true},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {3719028}
}

@article{ragertSegregationIntegrationAuditory2014,
  title = {Segregation and {{Integration}} of {{Auditory Streams}} When {{Listening}} to {{Multi}}-{{Part Music}}},
  volume = {9},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084085},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0084085},
  abstract = {In our daily lives, auditory stream segregation allows us to differentiate concurrent sound sources and to make sense of the scene we are experiencing. However, a combination of segregation and the concurrent integration of auditory streams is necessary in order to analyze the relationship between streams and thus perceive a coherent auditory scene. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigates the relative role and neural underpinnings of these listening strategies in multi-part musical stimuli. We compare a real human performance of a piano duet and a synthetic stimulus of the same duet in a prioritized integrative attention paradigm that required the simultaneous segregation and integration of auditory streams. In so doing, we manipulate the degree to which the attended part of the duet led either structurally (attend melody vs. attend accompaniment) or temporally (asynchronies vs. no asynchronies between parts), and thus the relative contributions of integration and segregation used to make an assessment of the leader-follower relationship. We show that perceptually the relationship between parts is biased towards the conventional structural hierarchy in western music in which the melody generally dominates (leads) the accompaniment. Moreover, the assessment varies as a function of both cognitive load, as shown through difficulty ratings and the interaction of the temporal and the structural relationship factors. Neurally, we see that the temporal relationship between parts, as one important cue for stream segregation, revealed distinct neural activity in the planum temporale. By contrast, integration used when listening to both the temporally separated performance stimulus and the temporally fused synthetic stimulus resulted in activation of the intraparietal sulcus. These results support the hypothesis that the planum temporale and IPS are key structures underlying the mechanisms of segregation and integration of auditory streams, respectively.},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {PLOS ONE},
  shortjournal = {PLOS ONE},
  urldate = {2017-01-13},
  date = {2014-01-24},
  pages = {e84085},
  keywords = {Attention,music perception,pitch perception,Bioacoustics,Prefrontal cortex,Sensory perception,Vision,Neuroimaging},
  author = {Ragert, Marie and Fairhurst, Merle T. and Keller, Peter E.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\ETNRIIKU\\Ragert et al. - 2014 - Segregation and Integration of Auditory Streams wh.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\Q4U643WP\\article.html}
}

@article{robertsEffectsBuildupResetting2008,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Effects of the Build-up and Resetting of Auditory Stream Segregation on Temporal Discrimination},
  volume = {34},
  issn = {0096-1523},
  doi = {10.1037/0096-1523.34.4.992},
  abstract = {The tendency to hear a tone sequence as 2 or more streams (segregated) builds up, but a sudden change in properties can reset the percept to 1 stream (integrated). This effect has not hitherto been explored using an objective measure of streaming. Stimuli comprised a 2.0-s fixed-frequency inducer followed by a 0.6-s test sequence of alternating pure tones (3 low [L]-high [H] cycles). Listeners compared intervals for which the test sequence was either isochronous or the H tones were slightly delayed. Resetting of segregation should make identifying the anisochronous interval easier. The HL frequency separation was varied (0-12 semitones), and properties of the inducer and test sequence were set to the same or different values. Inducer properties manipulated were frequency, number of onsets (several short bursts vs. one continuous tone), tone:silence ratio (short vs. extended bursts), level, and lateralization. All differences between the inducer and the L tones reduced temporal discrimination thresholds toward those for the no-inducer case, including properties shown previously not to affect segregation greatly. Overall, it is concluded that abrupt changes in a sequence cause resetting and improve subsequent temporal discrimination.},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance},
  shortjournal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
  date = {2008-08},
  pages = {992-1006},
  keywords = {Auditory Perception,Music,Pitch Discrimination,time perception,Acoustic Stimulation,humans,Auditory Threshold,Psychoacoustics,Discrimination (Psychology),Perceptual Masking,Audiometry,Differential Threshold,Models; Psychological},
  author = {Roberts, Brian and Glasberg, Brian R. and Moore, Brian C. J.},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {18665740}
}

@article{micheylAuditoryStreamSegregation2010,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Auditory Stream Segregation and the Perception of Across-Frequency Synchrony},
  volume = {36},
  issn = {1939-1277},
  doi = {10.1037/a0017601},
  abstract = {This study explored the extent to which sequential auditory grouping affects the perception of temporal synchrony. In Experiment 1, listeners discriminated between 2 pairs of asynchronous "target" tones at different frequencies, A and B, in which the B tone either led or lagged. Thresholds were markedly higher when the target tones were temporally surrounded by "captor tones" at the A frequency than when the captor tones were absent or at a remote frequency. Experiment 2 extended these findings to asynchrony detection, revealing that the perception of synchrony, one of the most potent cues for simultaneous auditory grouping, is not immune to competing effects of sequential grouping. Experiment 3 examined the influence of ear separation on the interactions between sequential and simultaneous grouping cues. The results showed that, although ear separation could facilitate perceptual segregation and impair asynchrony detection, it did not prevent the perceptual integration of simultaneous sounds.},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance},
  shortjournal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
  date = {2010-08},
  pages = {1029-1039},
  keywords = {Attention,Pitch Discrimination,Cues,time perception,Acoustic Stimulation,humans,Adult,Auditory Threshold,Female,Male,Psychoacoustics,Recognition (Psychology),Young Adult,Adolescent,Sound Spectrography},
  author = {Micheyl, Christophe and Hunter, Cynthia and Oxenham, Andrew J.},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {20695716},
  pmcid = {PMC4315665}
}

@article{pressnitzerTemporalDynamicsAuditory2006,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Temporal Dynamics of Auditory and Visual Bistability Reveal Common Principles of Perceptual Organization},
  volume = {16},
  issn = {0960-9822},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.054},
  abstract = {When dealing with natural scenes, sensory systems have to process an often messy and ambiguous flow of information. A stable perceptual organization nevertheless has to be achieved in order to guide behavior. The neural mechanisms involved can be highlighted by intrinsically ambiguous situations. In such cases, bistable perception occurs: distinct interpretations of the unchanging stimulus alternate spontaneously in the mind of the observer. Bistable stimuli have been used extensively for more than two centuries to study visual perception. Here we demonstrate that bistable perception also occurs in the auditory modality. We compared the temporal dynamics of percept alternations observed during auditory streaming with those observed for visual plaids and the susceptibilities of both modalities to volitional control. Strong similarities indicate that auditory and visual alternations share common principles of perceptual bistability. The absence of correlation across modalities for subject-specific biases, however, suggests that these common principles are implemented at least partly independently across sensory modalities. We propose that visual and auditory perceptual organization could rely on distributed but functionally similar neural competition mechanisms aimed at resolving sensory ambiguities.},
  number = {13},
  journaltitle = {Current biology: CB},
  shortjournal = {Curr. Biol.},
  date = {2006-07-11},
  pages = {1351-1357},
  keywords = {Auditory Perception,VISUAL perception,Acoustic Stimulation,humans,Adult,SYSNEURO,Photic Stimulation,Volition},
  author = {Pressnitzer, Daniel and Hupé, Jean-Michel},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\U3J29SD8\\Pressnitzer and Hupé - 2006 - Temporal Dynamics of Auditory and Visual Bistabili.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\ARQLAWF4\\S0960-9822(06)01637-X.html},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {16824924}
}

@article{micheylTemporalCoherenceHarmonicity2013,
  title = {Temporal Coherence versus Harmonicity in Auditory Stream Formation},
  volume = {133},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.4789866},
  doi = {10.1121/1.4789866},
  abstract = {This study sought to investigate the influence of temporal incoherence and inharmonicity on concurrent stream segregation, using performance-based measures. Subjects discriminated frequency shifts in a temporally regular sequence of target pure tones, embedded in a constant or randomly varying multi-tone background. Depending on the condition tested, the target tones were either temporally coherent or incoherent with, and either harmonically or inharmonically related to, the background tones. The results provide further evidence that temporal incoherence facilitates stream segregation and they suggest that deviations from harmonicity can cause similar facilitation effects, even when the targets and the maskers are temporally coherent.},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  shortjournal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  urldate = {2017-01-13},
  date = {2013-02-06},
  pages = {EL188-EL194},
  author = {Micheyl, Christophe and Kreft, Heather and Shamma, Shihab and Oxenham, Andrew J.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MX77S7WT\\1.html}
}

@book{mitchellAttentionAssociativeLearning2010,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Attention and {{Associative Learning}}: {{From Brain}} to {{Behaviour}}},
  isbn = {978-0-19-955053-1},
  shorttitle = {Attention and {{Associative Learning}}},
  abstract = {Attention and learning are two of the most important topics in contemporary cognitive psychology and behavioural neuroscience. Of even more interest is how the two interact. Meaningful stimuli and their meaningful effects are invariably embedded in a complex background of meaningless information. Yet, in order to learn about meaningful relationships between events, an organism needs to be able to extract the relevant from the irrelevant. The ability to direct attention selectively to some stimuli and away from others is one fundamental mechanism by which this filtering of information can occur. But what controls this selective attention? Why are certain stimuli selected and others rejected? What are the neural mechanisms underlying this ability? Are they the same in humans as in other animals? And what are the consequences of damage to this attentional system? These are the questions that this book aims to answer.  The idea of an interaction between attention and learning has experienced a huge surge of interest in recent years. Advances in behavioural neuroscience have made it possible to investigate the neural basis of attention mechanisms; advances in connectionist modelling techniques have allowed us to implement and test more complex computational models of the operation of these mechanisms; and recent studies have implicated impairments in the ability to deploy selective attention appropriately in disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's Disease.  This book brings together leading international learning and attention researchers to provide both a comprehensive and wide-ranging overview of the current state of knowledge of this area as well as new perspectives and directions for the future. There are coherent themes that run throughout the book, but there are also, inevitably, fundamental disagreements between contributors on the role of attention in learning. Together, the views expressed in this book paint a picture of a vibrant and exciting area of psychological research, and will be essential reading for researchers of learning and attention.},
  pagetotal = {423},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
  date = {2010},
  keywords = {Psychology / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition},
  author = {Mitchell, Chris J. and Pelley, Mike E. Le}
}

@article{millerTrillThreshold1950,
  title = {The Trill Threshold},
  volume = {22},
  issn = {0001-4966},
  doi = {10.1121/1.1906663},
  abstract = {"Two tones of different frequencies alternated successively five times per second. When the difference in frequency was small, the alternation sounded like a continuous up-and-down movement of the pitch. When the difference in frequency was large, the alternation sounded like two unrelated, interrupted tones. The transition point between these two perceptual organizations is called the trill threshold. The trill threshold was measured as a function of frequency for 14 subjects." The median frequency difference (ΔF) at the trill threshold increases as a function of frequency. The ratio [Equation omitted] stays, however, nearly constant at about 0.15 up to frequencies of about 2000 cps; then it decreases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
  journaltitle = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  shortjournal = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  date = {1950},
  pages = {637-638},
  keywords = {HEARING,AUDITION,No terms assigned,TRILL THRESHOLD},
  author = {Miller, George A. and Heise, George A.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\M6VXSIVR\\1.html}
}

@article{szetoStreamSegregationAlgorithm2006,
  title = {Stream Segregation Algorithm for Pattern Matching in Polyphonic Music Databases},
  volume = {30},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-006-0011-9},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Multimedia Tools and Applications},
  urldate = {2017-01-12},
  date = {2006},
  pages = {109--127},
  author = {Szeto, Wai Man and Wong, Man Hon},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VMK7X56U\\s11042-006-0011-9.html}
}

@inproceedings{szetoStreamSegregationAlgorithm2003,
  title = {A Stream Segregation Algorithm for Polyphonic Music Databases},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1214920},
  booktitle = {Database {{Engineering}} and {{Applications Symposium}}, 2003. {{Proceedings}}. {{Seventh International}}},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  urldate = {2017-01-12},
  date = {2003},
  pages = {130--138},
  author = {Szeto, Wai Man and Wong, Man Hon},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\6Z3CD8GF\\1214920.html}
}

@article{marsdenModellingPerceptionMusical1992,
  title = {Modelling the Perception of Musical Voices: A Case Study in Rule-Based Systems},
  shorttitle = {Modelling the Perception of Musical Voices},
  journaltitle = {Computer representations and models in music},
  date = {1992},
  pages = {239--263},
  author = {Marsden, Alan}
}

@inproceedings{chewSeparatingVoicesPolyphonic2004,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Separating {{Voices}} in {{Polyphonic Music}}: {{A Contig Mapping Approach}}},
  isbn = {978-3-540-24458-5 978-3-540-31807-1},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-31807-1_1},
  shorttitle = {Separating {{Voices}} in {{Polyphonic Music}}},
  abstract = {Voice separation is a critical component of music information retrieval, music analysis and automated transcription systems. We present a contig mapping approach to voice separation based on perceptual principles. The algorithm runs in O(n 2) time, uses only pitch height and event boundaries, and requires no user-defined parameters. The method segments a piece into contigs according to voice count, then reconnects fragments in adjacent contigs using a shortest distance strategy. The order of connection is by distance from maximal voice contigs, where the voice ordering is known. This contig-mapping algorithm has been implemented in VoSA, a Java-based voice separation analyzer software. The algorithm performed well when applied to J. S. Bach’s Two- and Three-Part Inventions and the forty-eight Fugues from the Well-Tempered Clavier. We report an overall average fragment consistency of 99.75\%, correct fragment connection rate of 94.50\% and average voice consistency of 88.98\%, metrics which we propose to measure voice separation performance.},
  eventtitle = {International {{Symposium}} on {{Computer Music Modeling}} and {{Retrieval}}},
  booktitle = {Computer {{Music Modeling}} and {{Retrieval}}},
  series = {Lecture {{Notes}} in {{Computer Science}}},
  publisher = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}},
  urldate = {2017-01-12},
  date = {2004-05-26},
  pages = {1-20},
  keywords = {Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics),Database Management,Information Storage and Retrieval,Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet),Multimedia Information Systems,Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems},
  author = {Chew, Elaine and Wu, Xiaodan},
  editor = {Wiil, Uffe Kock},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\BUIBPUTC\\10.html},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-31807-1_1}
}

@article{cambouropoulosMIDITraditionalMusical2000,
  title = {From {{MIDI}} to Traditional Musical Notation},
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228568548_From_MIDI_to_traditional_musical_notation},
  abstract = {Official Full-Text Publication: From MIDI to traditional musical notation on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.},
  journaltitle = {ResearchGate},
  urldate = {2017-01-12},
  date = {2000-01-01},
  author = {Cambouropoulos, Emilios},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\CXMFGTQA\\228568548_From_MIDI_to_traditional_musical_notation.html}
}

@article{boltzProcessingMelodicTemporal1999,
  title = {The Processing of Melodic and Temporal Information: Independent or Unified Dimensions?},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Journal of New Music Research},
  date = {1999},
  pages = {67-79},
  author = {Boltz, M. G.}
}

@article{hannonMetricalCategoriesInfancy2005a,
  title = {Metrical Categories in Infancy and Adulthood},
  volume = {16},
  journaltitle = {Psychological Science},
  year = {2005a},
  pages = {48-55},
  author = {Hannon, E. E. and Trehub, S. E.}
}

@article{hannonInfantsUseMeter2005,
  title = {Infants Use Meter to Categorize Rhythms and Melodies: {{Implications}} for Musical Structure Learning},
  volume = {50},
  journaltitle = {Cognitive Psychology},
  date = {2005},
  pages = {354-377},
  author = {Hannon, E. E. and Johnson, S. P.}
}

@article{hannonFamiliarityOverridesComplexity2012,
  title = {Familiarity {{Overrides Complexity}} in {{Rhythm Perception}}: {{A Cross}}-{{Cultural Comparison}} of {{American}} and {{Turkish Listeners}}},
  volume = {38},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
  date = {2012},
  pages = {543-548},
  author = {Hannon, E. E. and Soley, G. and Ullal, S.}
}

@book{lerdahlGenerativeTheoryTonal1983,
  langid = {english},
  location = {{Cambridge, MA}},
  title = {A {{Generative Theory}} of {{Tonal Music}}},
  isbn = {978-0-262-26091-6},
  pagetotal = {388},
  publisher = {{MIT Press}},
  date = {1983},
  author = {Lerdahl, Fred and Jackendoff, Ray}
}

@article{gingrasLinkingMelodicExpectation2016,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Linking Melodic Expectation to Expressive Performance Timing and Perceived Musical Tension},
  volume = {42},
  issn = {1939-1277},
  doi = {10.1037/xhp0000141},
  abstract = {This research explored the relations between the predictability of musical structure, expressive timing in performance, and listeners' perceived musical tension. Studies analyzing the influence of expressive timing on listeners' affective responses have been constrained by the fact that, in most pieces, the notated durations limit performers' interpretive freedom. To circumvent this issue, we focused on the unmeasured prelude, a semi-improvisatory genre without notated durations. In Experiment 1, 12 professional harpsichordists recorded an unmeasured prelude on a harpsichord equipped with a MIDI console. Melodic expectation was assessed using a probabilistic model (IDyOM [Information Dynamics of Music]) whose expectations have been previously shown to match closely those of human listeners. Performance timing information was extracted from the MIDI data using a score-performance matching algorithm. Time-series analyses showed that, in a piece with unspecified note durations, the predictability of melodic structure measurably influenced tempo fluctuations in performance. In Experiment 2, another 10 harpsichordists, 20 nonharpsichordist musicians, and 20 nonmusicians listened to the recordings from Experiment 1 and rated the perceived tension continuously. Granger causality analyses were conducted to investigate predictive relations among melodic expectation, expressive timing, and perceived tension. Although melodic expectation, as modeled by IDyOM, modestly predicted perceived tension for all participant groups, neither of its components, information content or entropy, was Granger causal. In contrast, expressive timing was a strong predictor and was Granger causal. However, because melodic expectation was also predictive of expressive timing, our results outline a complete chain of influence from predictability of melodic structure via expressive performance timing to perceived musical tension. (PsycINFO Database Record},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance},
  shortjournal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
  date = {2016-04},
  pages = {594-609},
  author = {Gingras, Bruno and Pearce, Marcus T. and Goodchild, Meghan and Dean, Roger T. and Wiggins, Geraint and McAdams, Stephen},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {26594881}
}

@article{sohogluDetectingRepresentingPredictable2016,
  langid = {english},
  title = {Detecting and Representing Predictable Structure during Auditory Scene Analysis},
  volume = {5},
  issn = {2050-084X},
  url = {https://elifesciences.org/content/5/e19113v1},
  doi = {10.7554/eLife.19113},
  abstract = {Everyday environments like a busy street bombard our ears with information. Yet most of the time, the human brain quickly and effortlessly makes sense of this information in a process known as auditory scene analysis. According to one popular theory, the brain is particularly sensitive to regularly repeating features in sensory signals, and uses those regularities to guide scene analysis. Indeed, many biological sounds contain such regularities, like the pitter-patter of footsteps or the fluttering of bird wings. In most previous studies that investigated whether regularity guides auditory scene analysis in humans, listeners attended to one sound stream that repeated slowly. Thus, it was unclear how regularity might benefit scene analysis in more realistic settings that feature many sounds that quickly change over time. Sohoglu and Chait presented listeners with cluttered, artificial auditory scenes comprised of several sources of sound. If the scenes contained regularly repeating sound sources, the listeners were better able to detect new sounds that appeared partway through the scenes. This shows that auditory scene analysis benefits from sound regularity. To understand the neurobiological basis of this effect, Sohoglu and Chait also recorded the brain activity of the listeners using a non-invasive technique called magnetoencephalography. This activity increased when the sound scenes featured regularly repeating sounds. It therefore appears that the brain prioritized the repeating sounds, and this improved the ability of the listeners to detect new sound sources. When the listeners actively focused on listening to the regular sounds, their brain response to new sounds occurred later than seen in volunteers who were not actively listening to the scene. This was unexpected as delayed brain responses are not usually associated with active focusing. However, this effect can be explained if active focusing increases the expectation of new sounds appearing, because previous research has shown that expectation reduces brain responses. The experiments performed by Sohoglu and Chait used a relatively simple form of sound regularity (tone pips repeating at equal time intervals). Future work will investigate more complex forms of regularity to understand the kinds of sensory patterns to which the brain is sensitive.},
  journaltitle = {eLife},
  urldate = {2016-09-28},
  date = {2016-09-07},
  pages = {e19113},
  keywords = {Attention,predictive coding,magnetoencephalography,surprise,change detection,Human,scene analysis},
  author = {Sohoglu, Ediz and Chait, Maria},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\4MSU6BCP\\Sohoglu and Chait - 2016 - Detecting and representing predictable structure d.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\5ZTB78QH\\e19113.html},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  eprint = {27602577}
}

@article{nixCombinedEstimationSpectral2007,
  title = {Combined Estimation of Spectral Envelopes and Sound Source Direction of Concurrent Voices by Multidimensional Statistical Filtering},
  volume = {15},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4100691/},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {IEEE transactions on audio, speech, and language processing},
  date = {2007},
  pages = {995--1008},
  author = {Nix, Johannes and Hohmann, Volker},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\MKIWEVPB\\4100691.html}
}

@thesis{maAuditoryStreamingBehavior2011,
  location = {{College Park, MD}},
  title = {Auditory {{Streaming}}: {{Behavior}}, {{Physiology}}, and {{Modeling}}.},
  institution = {{University of Maryland}},
  type = {doctoral},
  date = {2011},
  author = {Ma, L.}
}

@article{krishnanSegregatingComplexSound2014,
  title = {Segregating Complex Sound Sources through Temporal Coherence},
  volume = {10},
  url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003985},
  number = {12},
  journaltitle = {PLoS computational biology},
  date = {2014},
  pages = {e1003985},
  author = {Krishnan, Lakshmi and Elhilali, Mounya and Shamma, Shihab},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\VQWXNDGX\\article.html}
}

@article{wangOscillatoryCorrelationModel2008,
  title = {An Oscillatory Correlation Model of Auditory Streaming},
  volume = {2},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11571-007-9035-8},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Cognitive neurodynamics},
  date = {2008},
  pages = {7--19},
  author = {Wang, DeLiang and Chang, Peter},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\3RQPJQP7\\s11571-007-9035-8.html;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\B9TK52X3\\PMC2289253.html}
}

@article{wangPrimitiveAuditorySegregation1996,
  title = {Primitive Auditory Segregation Based on Oscillatory Correlation},
  volume = {20},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog2003_3/full},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {Cognitive Science},
  date = {1996},
  pages = {409--456},
  author = {Wang, DeLiang},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\8S5C975A\\full.html}
}

@article{wangSeparationSpeechInterfering1999,
  title = {Separation of Speech from Interfering Sounds Based on Oscillatory Correlation},
  volume = {10},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/761727/},
  number = {3},
  journaltitle = {IEEE transactions on neural networks},
  date = {1999},
  pages = {684--697},
  author = {Wang, DeLiang L. and Brown, Guy J.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\QS82MPXE\\Wang and Brown - 1999 - Separation of speech from interfering sounds based.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\SPMBBSTX\\761727.html}
}

@article{pichevarMonophonicSoundSource2007,
  title = {Monophonic Sound Source Separation with an Unsupervised Network of Spiking Neurones},
  volume = {71},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231207002226},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Neurocomputing},
  date = {2007},
  pages = {109--120},
  author = {Pichevar, Ramin and Rouat, Jean},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\A52AIWXN\\Pichevar and Rouat - 2007 - Monophonic sound source separation with an unsuper.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\JMXSAMPA\\S0925231207002226.html}
}

@article{hansenIfYouHave2016,
  title = {" {{If You Have}} to {{Ask}}, {{You}}'ll {{Never Know}}": {{Effects}} of {{Specialised Stylistic Expertise}} on {{Predictive Processing}} of {{Music}}},
  volume = {11},
  url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=info%3Adoi/10.1371/journal.pone.0163584},
  shorttitle = {" {{If You Have}} to {{Ask}}, {{You}}'ll {{Never Know}}"},
  number = {10},
  journaltitle = {PloS one},
  date = {2016},
  pages = {e0163584},
  author = {Hansen, Niels Chr and Vuust, Peter and Pearce, Marcus},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\RF99RX6N\\article.html}
}

@inproceedings{sauveEffectMusicalTraining2014,
  location = {{London}},
  title = {The {{Effect}} of {{Musical Training}} on {{Auditory Grouping}}},
  eventtitle = {{{SysMus}} 2014},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {{Seventh International Conference}} of {{Students}} of {{Systematic Musicology}}},
  date = {2014},
  author = {Sauvé, Sarah and Stewart, Lauren and Pearce, M. T.}
}

@article{gigerenzerHomoHeuristicusWhy2009,
  title = {Homo Heuristicus: {{Why}} Biased Minds Make Better Inferences},
  volume = {1},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2008.01006.x/full},
  shorttitle = {Homo Heuristicus},
  number = {1},
  journaltitle = {Topics in Cognitive Science},
  date = {2009},
  pages = {107--143},
  author = {Gigerenzer, Gerd and Brighton, Henry},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\GXE3E7NT\\full.html}
}

@article{bakerPerceptionLeitmotivesRichard2017,
  title = {Perception of {{Leitmotives}} in {{Richard Wagner}}'s {{Der Ring}} Des {{Nibelungen}}},
  volume = {8},
  url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415611/},
  journaltitle = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  date = {2017},
  author = {Baker, David J. and Müllensiefen, Daniel},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\2PIQKCBU\\PMC5415611.html}
}

@incollection{mullensiefenRecognitionLeitmotivesRichard2016,
  title = {Recognition of Leitmotives in {{Richard Wagner}}’s Music: {{An}} Item Response Theory Approach},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-25226-1_40},
  shorttitle = {Recognition of Leitmotives in {{Richard Wagner}}’s Music},
  booktitle = {Analysis of {{Large}} and {{Complex Data}}},
  publisher = {{Springer}},
  date = {2016},
  pages = {473--483},
  author = {Müllensiefen, Daniel and Baker, David and Rhodes, Christophe and Crawford, Tim and Dreyfus, Laurence},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\BTH9PJT3\\Müllensiefen et al. - 2016 - Recognition of leitmotives in Richard Wagner’s mus.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\NK37R2X4\\978-3-319-25226-1_40.html}
}

@article{mcdermottMusicalIntervalsRelative2010,
  title = {Musical Intervals and Relative Pitch: {{Frequency}} Resolution, Not Interval Resolution, Is Special},
  volume = {128},
  url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.3478785},
  shorttitle = {Musical Intervals and Relative Pitch},
  number = {4},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  date = {2010},
  pages = {1943--1951},
  author = {McDermott, Josh H. and Keebler, Michael V. and Micheyl, Christophe and Oxenham, Andrew J.},
  file = {D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\8AN68AHH\\McDermott et al. - 2010 - Musical intervals and relative pitch Frequency re.pdf;D\:\\Sauve\\Zotero\\storage\\CIQCITAQ\\1.html}
}

@article{schmidUnifiedSocioCognitiveFramework2016,
  title = {Toward a {{Unified Socio}}-{{Cognitive Framework}} for {{Salience}} in {{Language}}},
  volume = {7},
  url =