text:
},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {intention-maintenance;planning-formalisms;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shapiro_s2-etal:1997a1,
  author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems with {C}on{G}olog},
  booktitle = {Working Notes: {AAAI} Fall Symposium on Communicative
		Action in Humans and Machines},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {75--82},
  organization = {{AAAI}},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  editor = {David R. Traum},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  xref = {Republication: shapiro_s2-etal:1997a2.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;action-formalisms;}
  }

@incollection{ shapiro_s2-etal:1997a2,
  author = {Steven Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Specifying Communicative Multi-Agent Systems with {C}on{G}olog},
  booktitle = {Agents and Multi-Agent Systems---Formalisms,
     Methodologies, and Applications},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wayne Wobcke and Maurice Pagnucco and C. Zhang},
  pages = {1--14},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Republication of: shapiro_s2-etal:1997a1.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;action-formalisms;GoLog;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shapiro_s3-etal:2000a,
  author = {Steven Shapiro and Maurice Pagnucco and Hector J.
  	Levesque},
  title = {Iterated Belief Change in the Situation Calculus},
  booktitle = {{KR}2000: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  pages = {527--538},
  topic = {belief-revision;situation-calculus;}
  }

@article{ shapiro_sc:1976a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Review of \emph{{A}rtificial Intelligence}, by
  	{E}arl {B}. {H}unt},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--201},
  xref = {Review of hunt_eb:1975a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;AI-text;}
  }

@book{ shapiro_sc:1979a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Techniques of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {New York: Van Nostrand},
  year = {1979},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0442805012},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, Q335 .S52.},
  xref = {Review: brady_m:1980a.},
  topic = {AI-intro;AI-text;}
 }

@article{ shapiro_sc:1980a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Review of \emph{{NETL}: A System for Representing and Using
  	Real-World Knowledge}, by {S}cott {E}. {F}ahlman},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {183--186},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;}
  }

@book{ shapiro_sc:1992a,
  editor = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1992},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {047150307X (set)},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, Q 335 .E531 1992.},
  topic = {AI-encyclopedia;}
 }

@incollection{ shapiro_sc:1996a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Implementations and Research: Discussions at the Boundary
  	(Position Statement)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {663--664},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;AI-implementations;kr-course;}
  }

@article{ shapiro_sc:2001a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {Review of \emph{{K}nowledge Representation: Logical,
  	Philosophical, and Computational Foundations}, by {J}ohn {F}.
	{S}owa},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {286--294},
  xref = {Review of: sowa:1999a.},
  topic = {kr-text;kr;}
  }

@incollection{ shapiro_sc:2004a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = {A Logic of Arbitrary and Indefinite Objects},
  booktitle = {{KR}2004: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  		Reasoning},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  year = {2004},
  editor = {Didier Dubois and Christopher A. Welty and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {565--575},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {kr;common-sense-reasoning;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shapiro_sc-etal:1995a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and Yves Lesp\'erance and Hector J. Levesque},
  title = {Goals and Rational Action in the Situation Calculus---A
  	Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Fall Symposium on
  	Rational Agency: Concepts, Theories, Models, and Applications},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Michael Fehling},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {intention;foundations-of-planning;}
  }

@article{ shapiro_sc-etal:2007a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rappaport and Michael
  		Kandefer and Frances J. Johnson and Albert Goldfein},
  title = {Metacognition in {SNePS}},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17--31},
  topic = {metacognition;}
  }

@incollection{ shapiro_sc-rapaport_wj:1991a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport},
  title = {Models and Minds: Knowledge Representation for
  	Natural-Language Competence},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {215--259},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {kr;nl-processing;}
  }

@incollection{ shapiro_sc-rapaport_wj:1992a,
  author = {Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport},
  title = {The {SN}e{PS} Family},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {243--275},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Also published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications;
  	vol. 23; 1992; 243--275},
  topic = {kr;SNePS;kr-course;}
  }

@article{ shapiro_t:2001a,
  author = {Tamar Shapiro},
  title = {Three Conceptions of Action in Moral Theory},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {93--117},
  topic = {action;ethics;}
  }

@article{ sharkey:2000a,
  author = {Noel E. Sharkey},
  title = {Review of \emph{{T}alking Nets: An Oral History of Neural
  	Networks}, edited by {J}ames {A}. {A}nderson and
	{E}dward {R}osenfeld},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {119},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {287--293},
  xref = {Review of anderson_ja-rosenfeld:1998a.},
  topic = {connectionism;history-of-AI;}
  }

@incollection{ sharma:1996a,
  author = {Nirad Sharma},
  title = {Partial Orders of Sorts and Inheritances (or Placing Inheritance in
     Context)},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {280--290},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;inheritance-theory;context;kr-course;}
  }

@book{ sharples:1996a,
  author = {R.W. Sharples},
  title = {Stoics, {E}picureans, and {S}ceptics: An Introductio to
  		{H}ellenistic {P}hilosophy},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  History Philosophy Shelves.},
  topic = {Hellenistic-philosophy;}
 }

@inproceedings{ sharvit:1996a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Functional Dependencies and Indirect Binding},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {VI}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Teresa Galloway and Justin Spence},
  pages = {227--244},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;nl-quantifiers;}
  }

@inproceedings{ sharvit:1998a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Individual Concepts and Attitude Reports},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {VIII}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Devon Strolovitch and Aaron Lawson},
  pages = {232--248},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;propositional-attitude-reports;}
  }

@article{ sharvit:1999a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Functional Relative Clauses},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {447--478},
  topic = {relative-clauses;nl-quantifiers;}
  }

@article{ sharvit:1999b,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Connectivity in Specificational Sentences},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--339},
  topic = {binding-theory;}
  }

@article{ sharvit:2002a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {Embedded Questions and `De Dicto' Readings},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--123},
  topic = {interrogatives;nl-quantifier-scope;}
  }

@article{ sharvit:2003a,
  author = {Yale Sharvit},
  title = {Tense and Identity in Copular Constructions},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {363--393},
  topic = {predication;nl-tense;}
  }

@article{ sharvit:2008a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit},
  title = {The Puzzle of Free Indirect Reference},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {31},
  number = {3},
  pages = {353--395},
  topic = {indirect-discourse;propositional-attitudes;}
  }

@inproceedings{ sharvit-stateva:2000a,
  author = {Yael Sharvit and Penka Stateva},
  title = {Against 'Long' Movement of the Superlative Operator},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {X}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Brendan Jackson and Tanya Matthews},
  pages = {185--202},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;comparative-constructions;nl-quantifier-scope;}
  }

@article{ sharvy:1964a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Tautology and Fatalism},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {10},
  pages = {293--294},
  xref = {Commentary on: taylor_r:1962a.  Also see: taylor:1964a.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}
  }

@article{ sharvy:1968a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Why a Class Can't Change Its Members},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {303--314},
  topic = {metaphysics;individuation;}
  }

@article{ sharvy:1969a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Things},
  journal = {The Monist},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {53},
  number = {3},
  pages = {488--504},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {referential-opacity;Quine;}
  }

@article{ sharvy:1970a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Truth-Functionality and Referential Opacity},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--9},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Filed under "Lycan".},
  topic = {referential-opacity;}
  }

@article{ sharvy:1972a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Three Types of Referential Opacity},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {153--161},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {referential-opacity;}
  }

@article{ sharvy:1972b,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Euthyphro 9d--11b: Analysis and Definition in {P}lato
  	and Others},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {119--137},
  topic = {Plato;definitions;}
  }

@unpublished{ sharvy:1977a,
  author = {Richard Sharvy},
  title = {Maybe {C}hinese Has No Count Nouns: Notes on {C}hinese
		Semantics},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, The Avondale Institute.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Chinese-language;}
  }

@book{ shasha-lazere:1995a,
  author = {Dennis Shasha and Cathy Lazere},
  title = {Out of Their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of
  	Fifteen Great Computer Scientists},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {0-387-97992-1},
  topic = {history-of-computer-science;popular-computer-science;
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA 76.2 .A2 S531 1995.},
  	science-reporting;}
 }

@article{ shastri:1989a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri},
  title = {Default Reasoning in Semantic Networks: A Formalization of
  	Recognition and Inheritance},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {283--355},
  topic = {semantic-networks;nonmonotonic-reasoning;inheritance-theory;}
  }

@incollection{ shastri:1991a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri},
  title = {Why Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Principles of Semantic Networks: Explorations in
  	the Representation of Knowledge},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {John F. Sowa},
  pages = {108--136},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;semantic-nets;kr-course;}
  }

@incollection{ shastri:1992a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri},
  title = {Structured Connectionist Models of Semantic Networks},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {293--328},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;connectionism;kr-course;}
  }

@article{ shastri-ajjanagadde:1993a,
  author = {Lokendra Shastri and Venkat Ajjanagadde},
  title = {From Simple Associations to Systematic Reasoning: A
  Connectionist Representation of Rules, Variables and Dynamic Bindings
  Using Temporal Synchrony},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {417--494},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures;}
  }

@incollection{ shatz:1986a,
  author = {David Shatz},
  title = {Free Will and the Structure of Motivation},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {451--482},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {freedom;volition;desire;}
  }

@article{ shavlik-dejong_gf:1990a,
  author = {Jude W. Shavlik and Gerald F. DeJong},
  title = {Learning in Mathematically-Based Domains: Understanding
  	and Generalizing Obstacle Cancellations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--45},
  topic = {explanation-based-learning;mathematical-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ shaw_de:1987a,
  author = {David Elliot Shaw},
  title = {On the Range of Applicability of an Artificial
  	Intelligence Machine},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--172},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Considerable interest has recently been expressed in the
     construction of parallel machines capable of significant
     performance and cost/performance improvements in various
     artificial intelligence applications.  In this paper, we consider
     the capabilities of a particular massively parallel machine
     called NON-VON, an initial prototype of which is currently
     operational at Columbia University, for the efficient execution
     of a rather wide range of AI tasks.  The paper provides a brief
     overview of the general NON-VON architecture, and summarizes
     certain performance projections, derived through detailed
     analysis and simulation, in the areas of rule-based inferencing,
     computer vision, and knowledge-base management.
      In particular, summaries are presented of projections derived
     for the execution of OPS5 production systems, the performance of
     a number of low- and intermediate-level image understanding
     tasks, and the execution of certain ``difficult'' relational
     algebraic operations having relevance to the manipulation of
     knowledge bases.  The results summarized in this paper, most of
     which are based on benchmarks proposed by other researchers,
     suggest that NON-VON could provide a performance improvement of
     as much as several orders of magnitude on such tasks by
     comparison with a conventional sequential machine of comparable
     hardware cost.  },
  topic = {parallel-processing;rule-based-reasoning;computer-vision;}
  }

@incollection{ shaw_j:1998a,
  author = {James Shaw},
  title = {Clause Aggregation Using Linguistics Knowledge},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {138--147},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;syntax-selection;}
  }

@incollection{ shaw_m:1996a,
  author = {Mary Shaw},
  title = {Software Architectures for Shared Information Systems},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {219--251},
  topic = {multiple-databases;}
  }

@article{ shea:2008a,
  author = {Nicholas Shea},
  title = {Review of \emph{{V}arieties of Meaning}, by
  		{R}uth {G}arrett {M}illikan},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1},
  pages = {127--130},
  xref = {Review of: millikan_rg:2002.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@book{ shear:1997a,
  editor = {Jonathan Shear},
  title = {Explaining Consciousness: The Hard Problem},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {consciousness;}
 }

@article{ sheard:2001a,
  author = {Michael Sheard},
  title = {Weak and Strong Theories of Truth},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89-101},
  topic = {truth;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}
  }

@book{ sheehan-sosna:1991a,
  editor = {James J. Sheehan and Morton Sosna},
  title = {The Boundaries of Humanity: Humans, Animals, Machines},
  publisher = {University of California Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Berkeley},
  ISBN = {0520071530 (hard)},
  rtnote = {UMich Undergraduate, Gn 365.9 .B671 1991.},
  topic = {HCI;human-animal-interaction;}
 }

@article{ shehory-etal:1999a,
  author = {Onn Shehory and Sarit Kraus and Osher Yadgar},
  title = {Emergent Cooperative Goal-Satisfaction in Large-Scale
  	Automated-Agent Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--55},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Cooperation among autonomous agents has been discussed in the
     DAI community for several years. Papers about cooperation (Conte
     et al., 1991; Rosenschein, 1986), negotiation (Kraus and
     Wilkenfeld, 1991), distributed planning (Conry et al., 1988),
     and coalition formation (Ketchpel, 1994; Sandholm and Lesser,
     1997), have provided a variety of approaches and several
     algorithms and solutions to situations wherein cooperation is
     possible. However, the case of cooperation in large-scale
     multi-agent systems (MAS) has not been thoroughly examined.
     Therefore, in this paper we present a framework for cooperative
     goal-satisfaction in large-scale environments focusing on a
     low-complexity physics-oriented approach.  The multi-agent
     systems with which we deal are modeled by a physics-oriented
     model.  According to the model, MAS inherit physical properties,
     and therefore the evolution of the computational systems is
     similar to the evolution of physical systems. To enable
     implementation of the model, we provide a detailed algorithm to
     be used by a single agent within the system.  The model and the
     algorithm are appropriate for large-scale, dynamic, Distributed
     Problem Solver systems, in which agents try to increase the
     benefits of the whole system. The complexity is very low, and in
     some specific cases it is proved to be optimal. The analysis and
     assessment of the algorithm are performed via the well-known
     behavior and properties of the modeling physical system.  },
  topic = {distributed-AI;cooperation;multi-agent-systems;task-allocation;}
  }

@article{ shehory-kraus_s:1998a,
  author = {Onn Shehory and Sarit Kraus},
  title = {Methods for Task Allocation via Agent Coalition
  	Formation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {165--200},
  topic = {distributed-systems;artificial-societies;cooperation;
  	task-allocation;}
  }

@incollection{ shehtman:1993a,
  author = {Valentin Shehtman},
  title = {A Logic with Progressive Tenses},
  booktitle = {Diamonds and Defaults},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  editor = {Maarten de Rijke},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {255--285},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {temporal-logic;tense-aspect;progressive-aspect;}
  }

@incollection{ shehtman:1998a,
  author = {Valentin Shehtman},
  title = {On Strong Neighbourhood Completeness of Modal
    		and Intermediate Propositional Logics, Part {I}},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {209-222},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-theorems;}
  }

@article{ shehtman:2001a,
  author = {Valentin Shehtman},
  title = {Review of \emph{{F}irst-Order Modal Logic}, by {M}elvin
  	{F}itting and {R}ichard {L}. {M}endelsohn},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {403--405},
  xref = {Review of fitting-mendelsohn_rl:1998b.},
  topic = {modal-logic;}
  }

@article{ shelley:2001a,
  author = {Cameron Shelley},
  title = {The Bicoherence Theory of Situational Irony},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {715--818},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {irony;coherence;}
  }

@article{ shelley:2003a,
  author = {Cameron Shelley},
  title = {Review of \emph{{A}bduction, Reason, and Science: Processes
  	of Discovery and Explanation}, by {L}orenzo {M}agnani},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {70},
  number = {3},
  pages = {639--643},
  xref = {Review of: magnani:2001a},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;abduction;explanation;}
  }

@article{ shelley:2003b,
  author = {Cameron Shelley},
  title = {Review of \emph{{I}nterpreting Probability: COntroversies and
  		Developments in the Early Twentieth Century}, by
		{D}avid {H}owie},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {70},
  number = {3},
  pages = {643--646},
  xref = {Review of: howie:2002a},
  topic = {foundations-of-probability;}
  }

@article{ shelton:1999a,
  author = {Thomas Poggio and Christian R. Shelton},
  title = {Machine Learning, Machine Vision, and the Brain},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {3},
  pages = {37--55},
  topic = {machine-learning;vision;}
  }

@article{ shen_wm:1990a,
  author = {Wei-Min Shen},
  title = {Functional Transformations in {AI} Discovery Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {257--272},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The power of scientific discovery systems derives from two main
     sources: a set of heuristics that determines when to apply a
     creative operator (an operator for forming new operators and
     concepts) in a space that is being explored; and a set of
     creative operators that determines what new operators and
     concepts will be created for that exploration.  This paper is
     mainly concerned with the second issue.  A mechanism called
     functional transformation (FT) shows promising power in creating
     new and useful creative operators during exploration.  This
     paper discusses the definition, creation, and application of
     functional transformations, and describes as a demonstration of
     the power of FT how the system ARE, starting with a small set of
     creative operations and a small set of heuristics, uses FTs to
     create all the concepts attained by Lenat's AM system [4], and
     others as well.  Besides showing an alternative way, of Lenat's
     EURISKO [5], to meet the criticisms of too much pre-programmed
     knowledge [6] that have been leveled against AM, ARE provides a
     route to discovery systems that are capable of ``refreshing''
     themselves indefinitely by continually creating new operators.  },
  topic = {scientific-discovery;heuristics;}
  }

@article{ shen_z:1993a,
  author = {Zuliang Shen},
  title = {Review of \emph{{F}uzzy Sets and Applications: Selected
  	Papers by {L}.{A}. {Z}adeh}, edited by {R}onald {R}. {Y}ager and {S}.
	{O}vchinnikov and {R}.{M}. {T}ong and {H}.{T}. {N}guyen},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {61},
  number = {2},
  pages = {351--358},
  xref = {Review of yager-etal:1987a.},
  topic = {fuzzy-logic;}
  }

@incollection{ shepardson:1988a,
  author = {John C. Shepardson},
  title = {Mechanisms for Computing over Arbitrary Structures},
  booktitle = {The Universal {T}uring Machine: A Half-Century
  	Survey},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Rolf Herkin},
  pages = {581--601},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {abstract-recursion-theory;}
  }

@techreport{ shepherd-thecyclists:1991a,
  author = {Mary Shepherd and the Cyclists},
  title = {{CYC} {KE}-Region User's Guide},
  institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology
  	Corporation},
  number = {ACT--CYC--018--91--Q},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Filed under Clclists, Reprint
  	files.},
  topic = {CYC;}
  }

@techreport{ shepherd-thecyclists:1991b,
  author = {Mary Shepherd and the Cyclists},
  title = {{CYC} User's Manual for Interface on Symbolics
  	Machines},
  institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology
  	Corporation},
  number = {ACT--CYC--065--91--Q},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Austin, Texas},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Filed under Clclists, Reprint
  	files.},
  topic = {CYC;}
  }

@article{ sheppard:2002a,
  author = {Brian Sheppard},
  title = {World-Championship-Caliber Scrabble},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {134},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {241--275},
  topic = {computer-games;search;}
  }

@book{ shepperd-ince:1993a,
  author = {Martin Shepperd and Darrel Ince},
  title = {Derivation and Validation of Software Metrics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198538421},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA 76.758 .S5411 1993.},
  topic = {software-engineering;}
 }

@article{ sher:1990a,
  author = {Gila Y. Sher},
  title = {Ways of Branching Quantifiers},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {393--422},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;}
  }

@book{ sher:1991a,
  author = {Gila Y. Sher},
  title = {The Bounds of Logic},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0262193116},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  LL shelves.},
  topic = {branching-quantifiers;philosophy-of-logic;}
 }

@incollection{ sher:1996a,
  author = {Gila Y. Sher},
  title = {Semantics and Logic},
  booktitle = {The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  editor = {Shalom Lappin},
  pages = {511--537},
  topic = {nl-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@article{ sher:2001a,
  author = {Gila Sher},
  title = {The Formal-Structural View of Logical Consequence},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--261},
  xref = {Commentary: },
  topic = {logical-consequence;philosophy-of-logic;}
  }

@article{ sher:2004a,
  author = {Gila Sher},
  title = {In Search of a Substantive Theory of Truth},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {101},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--36},
  topic = {truth;}
  }

@inproceedings{ sherman_d:1987a,
  author = {David Sherman},
  title = {A {P}rolog Model of the Income Tax Act of {C}anada},
  booktitle = {First International Conference
  on Artificial Intelligence and Law},
  publisher = {ACM Press},
  year = {1987},
  pages = {127--136},
  topic = {legai-AI;logic-programming;tax-law;}
  }

@book{ shermis-burstein_jc:2003a,
  editor = {Mark Shermis and Jill C. Burstein},
  title = {Automated Essay Scoring:  A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0-8058-3973-9},
  xref = {Review: rudner_lm:2004a.},
  topic = {automated-essay-scoring;}
 }

@incollection{ sherrah-gong:1999a,
  author = {Jamie Sherrah and Shaogang Gong},
  title = {Exploiting Context in Gesture Recognition},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Contexts: Proceedings of
	the Second International and Interdisciplinary
	Conference, {CONTEXT}'99},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paolo Bouquet and Luigi Serafini and Patrick
	Br\'ezillon	and Massimo Benerecetti and Francesca
	Castellani},
  pages = {515--518},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;gestures;}
  }

@article{ sherry:1999a,
  author = {David Sherry},
  title = {Note on the Scope of Truth-Functional Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {28},
  number = {3},
  pages = {327--328},
  topic = {foundations-of-logic;}
  }

@article{ sheth-larson_j:1990a,
  author = {A. Sheth and J. Larson},
  title = {Federated Database Systems for Managing Distributed,
  	Heterogeneous, and Autonomous Databases},
  journal = {{ACM} Computing Surveys},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {183--236},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {federated-databases;}
  }

@book{ shibatani:1975a,
  author = {Mayayoshi Shibatani},
  title = {A Linguistic Study of Causative Constructions},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {nl-causatives;Japanese-language;}
 }

@techreport{ shieber:1983a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  year = {1983},
  title = {Sentence Disambiguation by a Shift-Reduce Parsing Technique},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 281},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;}
}

@article{ shieber:1984a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {Direct Parsing of {ID/LP} Grammars},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--154},
  contentnote = {ID/LP is "Immediate dominance/linear precedence".},
  topic = {GPSG;parsing-algorithms;}
  }

@article{ shieber:1985a,
  author = {Stuart M. Schieber},
  title = {Evidence against the Context-Freeness of Natural
  	Language},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {333--343},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {formal-language-theory;nl-syntax;}
  }

@book{ shieber:1986a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {An Introduction to Unification-Based Approaches to
  	Grammar},
  publisher = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  year = {1986},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {unification-of-FSs;grammar-formalisms;}
 }

@incollection{ shieber:1987a,
  author = {Stuart Shieber},
  title = {Separating Linguistic Analyses from Linguistic Theories},
  booktitle = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {P. Whitelock},
  pages = {1--36},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nlp-and-linguistics;}
  }

@unpublished{ shieber:1989a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {{CL-PATR} Reference Manual},
  year = {1989},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Center for the Study of Language
  	and Information},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification-of-FSs;}
  }

@book{ shieber:1992a,
  author = {Stuart Shieber},
  title = {Constraint-Based Grammar Formalisms:
           Parsing and Type Inference for Natural and Computer Languages},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Shelf},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;constraint-based-grammar;}
 }

@article{ shieber:1994a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {Lessons from a Restricted {T}uring Test},
  journal = {Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {37},
  number = {6},
  pages = {70--78},
  url = {http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shieber/Biblio/Papers/loebner-rev-5.pdf},  topic = {Turing-test;}
  }

@book{ shieber:2004a,
  editor = {Stuart Shieber},
  title = {The {T}uring Test:  Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of
  		Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2004},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-69293-7},
  xref = {Review: rapaport_wj:2005a.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {Turing-test;}
 }

@article{ shieber:2007a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber},
  title = {The {T}uring Test as Interactive Proof},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {41},
  number = {4},
  pages = {686--713},
  topic = {Turing-test;}
  }

@techreport{ shieber-etal:1983a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Susan U. Stucky and Hans Uszkoreit and
  	Jane J. Robinson},
  title = {Formal Constraints on Metarules},
  institution = {SRI International},
  number = {Technical Note 283},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {GPSG;}
  }

@unpublished{ shieber-etal:1983b,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Hans Uszkoreit and Fernando Pereira and
  	Jane J. Robinson and Mary Tyson},
  title = {The Formalism and Implementation of {PATR-II}},
  year = {1983},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, SRI International},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {parsing-algorithms;unification-of-FSs;}
  }

@article{ shieber-etal:1990a,
  author = {Stuart Shieber and Gertjan van Noord and Fernando
  	 Pereira and Robert Moore},
  title = {Semantic-Head-Driven Generation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {30--42},
  year = {1990},
  topic = {nl-generation;}
  }

@article{ shieber-etal:1996a,
  author = {Stuart M. Shieber and Fernando C.N. Pereira and Mary
  	Dalrymple},
  title = {Interactions of Scope and Ellipsis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {19},
  number = {5},
  pages = {537--552},
  topic = {ellipsis;anaphora;}
  }

@book{ shields:1999a,
  author = {Christopher Shields},
  title = {Order in Multiplicity: Homonymy in the
  	Philosophy of {A}ristotle},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: matthews:2001a},
  topic = {Aristotle;ambiguity;}
 }

@book{ shields:2007a,
  author = {Christopher Shields},
  title = {Aristotle},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {2007},
  address = {Lomdon},
  xref = {Review: betegh:2009a},
  topic = {ancient-philosophy;Aristotle;}
 }

@article{ shih-sproat:2001a,
  author = {Chilin Shih and Richard Sproat},
  title = {Review of \emph{{P}rosody, Theory and Experiment:  Studies
  	Presented to {G}\"osta {B}ruce}, edited by {M}erle {H}orne},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {450--456},
  xref = {Review of: horne:2000a},
  topic = {prosody;}
  }

@book{ shils:1981a,
  author = {Edward A. Shils},
  title = {Tradition},
  publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
  year = {1981},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0226753255},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, B105.T7 S56.},
  topic = {social-change;civilization;sociology;}
 }

@book{ shils-finch:1949a,
  editor = {Edward A. Shils and Henry A. Finch},
  title = {Max {W}eber on the Methodology of the Social Sciences},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1949},
  address = {Glencoe, Illinois},
  ISBN = {0465017894},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, HB144 .M341 1984.},
  topic = {sociology;social-science-methodology;
  	philosophy-of-social-science;}
 }

@article{ shimaya:1995a,
  author = {Akira Shimaya},
  title = {Interpreting Non-{3-D} Line Drawings},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper shows how to create a small number of natural
     interpretations for non-3-D line drawings.  If all constraints
     are removed, there is an infinite number of possible
     interpretations.  However, humans instinctively create a limited
     number of interpretations.  In order to obtain these
     interpretations, it is first necessary to check whether the line
     drawing requires figural completion.  To ensure that natural
     figural completion is carried out, restrictions on figural
     completion, possible completion paths, and an actual process for
     completing figures are introduced.  Next, constraints are
     introduced to reduce the number of interpretations.  These
     include constraints concerning line elements, duplication,
     connectedness, inclusiveness, closure, good figures, and line
     sharing.  The results of a psychological experiment show that the
     proposed method can create a small number of natural
     interpretations that correspond to human visual perception
     fairly well.  },
  topic = {line-drawings;}
  }

@article{ shimbo-ishida_i:2003a,
  author = {Masashi Shimbo and Toru Ishida},
  title = {Controlling the Learning Process of Real-Time Heuristic
  	Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {146},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--41},
  topic = {search;machine-learning;limited-rationality;}
  }

@article{ shimizu-numao:1997a,
  author = {Shuichi Shimizu and Masayuki Numao},
  title = {Constraint-Based Design for {3D} Shapes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--69},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper proposes an ATMS-based geometric reasoning system for
     feature-based 3D solid modeling.  Here, every feature is
     described by a set of geometric constraints such as distances
     between edges and angles between faces.  The system has to
     evaluate the constraints in order to determine the attributes of
     all the geometric elements in the features.  Therefore, the
     modeling process can be considered as a constraint satisfaction
     problem.  Our ATMS-based approach overcomes two serious
     drawbacks of conventional rule-based approaches: inefficiency
     and poor conflict handling.
      For the first problem, a state reduction method, represented as
     an ATMS justification, resolves the problem of combinatorial
     explosion in the rules' pattern matching.  Here, intermediate
     states are defined by the degree of freedom: the determined
     geometric elements have zero degrees, and free faces, edges, and
     vertices have three, four, and three degrees, respectively.  Each
     constraint invocation reduces the degree; that is, it increases
     the level of determinacy of the status.
      For the second problem, the ATMS's label update propagation
     mechanism resolves conflicts of constraints.  It distinguishes
     conflicting situations from redundant or under-constrained ones,
     and the minimum diagnosis technique detects which constraint
     causes the conflict.  The use of an ATMS as a propositional
     reasoning function has various advantages over rule-based
     systems, such as avoidance of infinite loops and reasoning
     without pattern matching.
      The paper also considers the computational efficiency of our
     approach and proves its practicality by presenting data on an
     actual product.  },
  topic = {three-D-reasoning;geometric-reasoning;truth-maintenance;
  	CAD;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shimohata-etal:1997a,
  author = {Sayori Shimohata and Toshiyuki Sugio and Junji Nagata},
  title = {Retrieving Collocations by Co-Occurrences and Word Order
  	Constraints},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {476--481},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {collocations;corpus-linguistics;}
 }

@inproceedings{ shimojima:1996a,
  author = {Atsushi Shimojima},
  title = {Constraint-Preserving Representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Information
  	Theoretic Approaches to Logic, Language and Computation	(ITALLC)},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Department of Psychology, London Guildhall University},
  address = {London},
  missinginfo = {editor, pages},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ shimony:1994a,
  author = {Solomon Eyal Shimony},
  title = {Finding {MAP}s for Belief Networks Is {NP}-Hard},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {399--410},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Given a probabilistic world model, an important problem is to
     find the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) instantiation of
     all the random variables given the evidence.  Numerous
     researchers using such models employ some graph representation
     for the distributions, such as a Bayesian belief network.  This
     representation simplifies the complexity of specifying the
     distributions from exponential in n, the number of variables in
     the model, to linear in n, in many interesting cases.  We show,
     however, that finding the MAP is NP-hard in the general case
     when these representations are used, even if the size of the
     representation happens to be linear in n.  Furthermore, minor
     modifications to the proof show that the problem remains NP-hard
     for various restrictions of the topology of the graphs.  The same
     technique can be applied to the results of a related paper (by
     Cooper), to further restrict belief network topology in the
     proof that probabilistic inference is NP-hard.  },
  topic = {complexity-in-AI;abduction;diagnosis;Bayesian-networks;}
  }

@article{ shimony-domshlak:2003a,
  author = {Solomon E. Shimony and Carmel Domshlak},
  title = {Complexity of Probabilistic Reasoning in Directed-Path
  	Singly-Connected {B}ayes Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {151},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {211--225},
  topic = {probabilistic-reasoning;Bayesian-networks;}
  }

@article{ shimura-george_fh:1973a,
  author = {Masamichi Shimura and Frank H. George},
  title = {Rule-Oriented Methods in Problem Solving},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {203--223},
  topic = {problem-solving;}
  }

@article{ shin_hs:1993a,
  author = {H.S. Shin},
  title = {Logical Structure of Common Knowledge},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {1--13},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;game-theory;}
  }

@article{ shin_hs:1996a,
  author = {H.S. Shin},
  title = {Logical Structure of Common Knowledge},
  journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {39--60},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  rtnote = {Check topic.},
  topic = {bargaining-theory;}
  }

@article{ shin_hs:1996b,
  author = {H.S. Shin},
  title = {How Much Common Belief is Necessary for a Convention?},
  journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {252--258},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {mutual-belief;convention;}
  }

@article{ shin_ja-davis_e:2005a,
  author = {Ji-Ae Shin and Ernest Davis},
  title = {Processes and Continuous Change in a {SAT}-Based Planner},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {166},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {194--253},
  topic = {SAT-based-planning;}
  }

@incollection{ shin_sj:1991a,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {A Situation-Theoretic Account of Valid Reasoning
   	with {V}enn Diagrams},
  booktitle = {Situation Theory and its Applications},
  editor = {K. Jon Barwise and Jean Mark Gawron and Gordon Plotkin
  	and Syun Tutiya},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  pages = {581--605},
  missinginfo = {editor},
  topic = {visual-reasoning;situation-theory;diagrams;}
  }

@book{ shin_sj:1995a,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {The Logical Status of Diagrams},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  rtnote = {On Loan to Tappenden?},
  topic = {diagrams;reasoning-with-diagrams;visual-reasoning;}
 }

@article{ shin_sj:1999c,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {Reconstituting Beta Graphs into an Efficacious
  	System},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {273--295},
  topic = {reasoning-with-diagrams;}
  }

@book{ shin_sj:2001a,
  author = {Sun-Joo Shin},
  title = {Iconicity in Logic: Existential Graphs and Heterogeneous
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2001},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  LL Shelves.},
  topic = {Peirce;existential-graphs;diagrams;}
 }

@book{ shipley:1927a,
  author = {Maynard Shipley},
  title = {The War on Modern Science: A Short History of
  	Fundamentalist Attacks on Evolutionism and Modernism},
  publisher = {A.A. Knopf},
  year = {1927},
  address = {New York},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library Call No: BL 262 .S56},
  topic = {fundamentalism;creationism;}
 }

@article{ shirai:1973a,
  author = {Yoshiaki Shirai},
  title = {A Context Sensitive Line Finder for Recognition of
  	Polyhedra},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95--119},
  topic = {shape-recognition;}
  }

@incollection{ shirai:1984a,
  author = {Ken-ichiro Shirai},
  title = {Where Locative Expressions are Located in {M}ontague
  	Grammar},
  booktitle = {Varieties of Formal Semantics},
  publisher = {Foris Publications},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Fred Landman and Frank Veltman},
  pages = {365--384},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {locative-constructions;nl-semantics;Montague-grammar;}
  }

@incollection{ shirasu:1998a,
  author = {Hiroyuki Shirasu},
  title = {Duality in Superintuitionistic and Modal Predicate
  	Logics},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {223--236},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;intuitionistic-logic;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shlonsky:1987a,
  author = {Ur Shlonsky},
  title = {Donkey Parasites},
  booktitle = {{NELS 17}: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference of the
  	{N}orth {E}ast {L}inguistic {S}ociety},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Joyce McDonough and B. Plunkett},
  publisher = {GLSA Publications},
  address = {Amherst, Massachusetts},
  pages ={569--579},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {donkey-anaphora;parasitc-gaps;}
  }

@book{ shneiderman:1987a,
  author = {Ben Shneiderman},
  title = {Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective
  	Human-Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201165058},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA76.9.I58 S471 1987.},
  topic = {HCI;}
 }

@book{ shneiderman:1992a,
  author = {Ben Shneiderman},
  title = {Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective
  	Human--Computer Interaction},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0201572869},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA 76.9 .I58 S471 1992.},
  topic = {HCI;}
 }

@article{ shoemaker:1968a,
  author = {Sydney Shoemaker},
  title = {Self-Reference and Self-Awareness},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1968},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {555--567},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {introspection;self-reference;self-knowledge;}
  }

@incollection{ shoemaker:1979a,
  author = {Sidney Shoemaker},
  title = {Identity, Properties and Causality},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {V}:
  	Studies in Metaphysics},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {321--342},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {identity-individuation;causality;}
  }

@incollection{ shoemaker:1986a,
  author = {Sydney Shoemaker},
  title = {Introspection and Self},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {101--120},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;introspection;}
  }

@incollection{ shoemaker:1997a,
  author = {Sydney Shoemaker},
  title = {Self and Substance},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {283--304},
  address = {Oxford},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {personal-identity;}
  }

@book{ shoenfield:1967a,
  author = {Joseph R. Shoenfield},
  title = {Mathematical Logic},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1967},
  address = {Natick, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {1568811357},
  rtnote = {UMich Science, QA 9 .S521 2001.},
  topic = {logic-intro;}
 }

@book{ shoenfield:1993a,
  author = {Joseph R. Shoenfield},
  title = {Recursion Theory},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540570934},
  topic = {recursion-theory;}
 }

@article{ shoham:2009a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Logical Theories of Intention and the Database Perspective},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {38},
  number = {6},
  pages = {633--647},
  topic = {intention;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1986a1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in
        Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {389--393},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1986a2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}
	}

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1986a2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Chronological Ignorance: An Experiment in
        Nonmonotonic Temporal Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {396--409},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: shoham_y1:1986a1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1986b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Reified Temporal Logics: Semantical and Ontological
  	Considerations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of 7th {ECAI}, Brighton, U.K.},
  organization = {ECAI},
  month = {July},
  year = {1986},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.},
  topic = {temporal-representation;}
 }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1986c,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {What Is the Frame Problem?},
  booktitle = {Reasoning about Actions and Plans},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Michael P. Georgeff and Amy Lansky},
  pages = {83--98},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xef = {Reprinted, see shoham_y1:1987a.},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;}
  }

@phdthesis{ shoham_y1:1986d,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation from the
  	Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University},
  year = {1986},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {New Haven, Connecticut},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.  CS MS shelves.},
  topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	frame-problem;}
 }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {What is the Frame Problem?},
  booktitle = {The Frame Problem in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings
  	of the 1987 Workshop},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Frank M. Brown},
  pages = {5--21},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xef = {Reprint of shoham_y1:1986a.},
  topic = {kr;frame-problem;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1987b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Logics:  Meaning and Utility},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {John McDermott},
  pages = {388--393},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;kr-course;}
  }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987c1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic Logics},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  editor = {Matthew  L. Ginsberg},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  pages = {227--250},
  year = {1987},
  xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1987c2.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}
    }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1987c2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Semantical Approach to Nonmonotonic
         Logics},
  booktitle = {Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  pages = {227--250},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Original Publication: shoham_y1:1987c1.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1:1987d,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Temporal Logics in {AI}: Semantical and Ontological
  	Considerations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {33},
  number = {1},
  pages = {89--104},
  topic = {temporal-logic;temporal-reasoning;}
  }

@book{ shoham_y1:1988a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation From the
  	Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {causality;nonmonotonic-reasoning;temporal-reasoning;
  	frame-problem;}
 }

@techreport{ shoham_y1:1988b1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Time for Action:  On the Relation between
		Time, Knowledge, and Action},
  institution = {Department of Computer Science, Stanford University},
  number = {STAN--CS--88--1236},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  xref = {Conference Publication: shoham_y1:1988b2.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;planning-formalisms;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1988b2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Time for Action: On the Relation Between Time,
             Knowledge, and Action},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {954--959},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Tech Report: shoham_y1:1988b1.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;kr;planning-formalisms;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1:1988c1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {443--474},
  xref = {Republication: shoham_y1:1988c2.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualification-problem;frame-problem;
  	extended-prediction-problem;}
  }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1988c2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Efficient Temporal Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {191--222},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  xref = {Republication of: shoham_y1:1988c1.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;qualification-problem;frame-problem;
  	extended-prediction-problem;}
  }

@techreport{ shoham_y1:1988d,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Belief as Defeasible Knowledge},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  number = {STAN-CS-88-1237},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {belief;knowledge;epistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1:1988e,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Chronological Ignorance: Experiments in Nonmonotonic
  	Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {3},
  pages = {279--331},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1:1990a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Causation},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {213--252},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;causality;}
  }

@techreport{ shoham_y1:1990b1,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Agent Oriented Programming},
  institution = {Computer Science Department, Stanford University},
  number = {STAN-CS-90-1335},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  xref = {AIJ Pub shoham_y1:1990b2.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;cognitive-robotics;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1:1990b2,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Agent Oriented Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--92},
  xref = {Stanford Tech Report shoham_y1:1990b1.},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;cognitive-robotics;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1:1991a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Remarks on {S}imon's Comments},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {300--303},
  topic = {causality;}
  }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1991b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Varieties of Context},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {393--407},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {context;}
  }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1991c,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Implementing the Intensional Stance},
  booktitle = {Philosophy and {AI}: Essays at the Interface},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Robert Cummins and John L. Pollock},
  pages = {261--277},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;cognitive-architectures;foundations-of-cogsci;}
  }

@incollection{ shoham_y1:1992a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Multiple Mental Attitudes in Agents},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fourth Conference ({TARK} 1992)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Yoram Moses},
  pages = {106--107},
  contentnote = {Introduction to a panel on modeling mental states.},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {agent-attitudes;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1:1993a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Agent-Oriented Programming},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {60},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--92},
  topic = {knowledge-based-programming;agent-oriented-programming;}
  }

@unpublished{ shoham_y1:1995a,
  author = {Yoav SHoham},
  title = {Some Recent Ideas on Utility (and Probability)},
  year = {1995},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Computer Science,
  	Stanford University.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {qualititative-utility;qualitative-probability;}
  }

@book{ shoham_y1:1996a,
  editor = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Sixth Conference ({TARK} 1996)},
  year = {1996},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {reasoning-about-knowledge;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Mechanism for Reasoning about Utilities (and
        Probabilities): Preliminary Report},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Qualitative Preferences in Deliberation and Practical
	Reasoning},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Richmond H. Thomason},
  pages = {85--93},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;foundations-of-utility;multiattribute-utility;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {A Symmetric View of Probabilities and Utilities},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Martha Pollack},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  missinginfo = {PAGES 1324--},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {foundations-of-utility;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1:1997c,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Two Senses of Conditional Utility},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on
		Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-97)},
  year = {1997},
  missinginfo = {editor, publisher, address, pages},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;probabilistic-reasoning;}
  }

@unpublished{ shoham_y1:2003a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham},
  title = {Searle and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance},
  year = {2003},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, },
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  url = {http://ai.stanford.edu/~shoham/www%20papers/Searle.pdf},
  contentnote = {This is a discussion of the Chinese Room argument.
  	It is especially interesting with regard to what it does
	by manipulating the example.},
  topic = {philosophy-AI;foundations-of-cognition;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1-etal:2007a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Rob Powers and Trond Grenager},
  title = {If Multi-Agent Learning is the Answer, What is the
  	Question?},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {171},
  number = {7},
  pages = {365--377},
  topic = {multiagent-learning;}
  }

@incollection{ shoham_y1-goyal:1988a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Nina Goyal},
  title = {Temporal Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence},
  booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  pages = {419--438},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;temporal-reasoning;kr-course;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1-mcdermott_d:1988a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Drew McDermott},
  title = {Problems in Formal Temporal Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {36},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--61},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1992a,
 author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
 title = {On the Synthesis of Useful Social Laws
 	for Artificial Agent Societies},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
 pages = {276--281},              Artificial Intelligence},
 year = {1992},
 editor = {Paul Rosenbloom and Peter Szolovits},
 organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
 publisher = {AAAI Press},
 address = {Menlo Park, California},
 topic = {distributed-systems;social-choice-theory;artificial-societies;}
  }

@incollection{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1992b,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {Emergent Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems: Initial
  	Experimental Results and Observations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'92. Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning: Proceedings of the Third International Conference},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Bernhard Nebel and Charles Rich and William Swartout},
  pages = {225--231},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;convention;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1995a,
  author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
  title = {On Social Laws for Artificial Agent Societies: Off-Line
  	Design},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {231--252},
  topic = {artificial-societies;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y1-tennenholtz:1997a,
 author = {Yoav Shoham and Moshe Tennenholtz},
 title = {On the Emergence of Social Conventions: Modeling,
 	Analysis and Simulations},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {94},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {139--166},
  topic = {coordination;convention;}
  }

@article{ shoham_y2-toledo:2002a,
  author = {Yaron Shoham and Sival Toledo},
  title = {Parallel Randomized Best-First Minimax Search},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {137},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {165--196},
  topic = {diagnosis;temporal-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ shope:1965a,
  author = {Robert K. Shope},
  title = {Prima Facie Duty},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {11},
  pages = {279--287},
  xref = {Commentary: },
  topic = {prima-facie-obligation;}
  }

@article{ shope:1978a,
  author = {Richard Shope},
  title = {The Conditional Fallacy in Contemporary Philosophy},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {75},
  number = {8},
  pages = {297--413},
  topic = {dispositionals;conditionals;}
  }

@unpublished{ shopen:1973a,
  author = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Main Verb Arguments vs. Adverbs and Adjuncts---A Problem
  	in Defining the Meaning of the Sentence as the Sum of Its
	Parts},
  year = {1973},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {compositionality;adjuncts;}
  }

@article{ shopen:1973b,
  author = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Ellipsis as Grammatical Indeterminacy},
  journal = {Foundations of Language},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {65--77},
  topic = {ellipsis;}
  }

@book{ shopen:1985a,
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {I}:
  	CLause Structure},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;}
 }

@book{ shopen:1985b,
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {II}:
  	Complex Constructions},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;}
 }

@book{ shopen:1985c,
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  title = {Language, Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume {III}:
  	Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {linguistic-typology;nl-syntax;}
 }

@book{ shore:1996a,
  author = {Bradd Shore},
  title = {Culture in Mind},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {language-and-culture;philosophical-anthropology;}
 }

@incollection{ shorter:1965a,
  author = {J.M. Shorter},
  title = {Causality, and a Method of Analysis},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  pages = {145--157},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {causation;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shortliffe:1980a1,
  author = {Edward Shortliffe},
  title = {Consultation Systems for Physicians},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {C}anadian Society for Computational
  	Studies of Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  publisher = {{C}anadian Society for Computational
  	Studies of Intelligence},
  missinginfo = {Editor, Address, pages},
  xref = {Republication: shortliffe:1980a2.},
  topic = {expert-systems;medical-AI;}
  }

@incollection{ shortliffe:1980a2,
  author = {Edward Shortliffe},
  title = {Consultation Systems for Physicians},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {323--333},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Conference Publication: shortliffe:1980a2},
  topic = {expert-systems;medical-AI;}
  }

@article{ shortliffe-etal:1979a,
  author = {Edward H. Shortliffe and Bruce G. Buchanan and
  	Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  title = {Knowledge Engineering for Medical Decision Making: A
  	Review of Computer-Based Clinical Decision Aids},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {IEEE}},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {1207--1224},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {expert-systems;}
  }

@article{ shostak:1976a,
  author = {Robert E.  Shostak},
  title = {Refutation Graphs},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {51--64},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A graph-theoretic characterization of truth-functional
     consistency is introduced, providing a clear perspective on some
     resolution-based systems for deciding formulas in propositional
     and first-order logic.  Various resolution strategies are
     analyzed in terms of ``walks'' about specially defined graphs.  A
     new procedure -- called Graph Construction -- is presented that
     improves on the Model Elimination and SL strategies.  },
  topic = {theorem-proving;graph-based-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ shrager:1987a,
  author = {Jeff Shrager},
  title = {Review of \emph{{U}niversal Subgoaling and Chunking: The
  	Automatic Generation and Learning of Goal Hierarchies},
	by {J}ohn {L}aird, {P}aul {R}osenbloom and {A}llen {N}ewell},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {32},
  number = {2},
  pages = {269--273},
  xref = {Review of: laird-etal:1986a.},
  topic = {machine-learning;planning;cognitive-architectures;}
  }

@article{ shrager:1989a,
  author = {Jeff Shrager},
  title = {Review of \emph{{I}nduction: Process of Inference, Learning
  	and Discovery}, by {J}ohn {H}. {H}olland, {K}eith {J}.
	{H}olyoak, {R}ichard {E}. {N}isbett, and {P}aul {R}.
	{T}hagard},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {41},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--252},
  xref = {Review of holland_jh:1986a.},
  topic = {induction;scientific-discovery;}
  }

@article{ shramko:1999a,
  author = {Yaroslav Shramko},
  title = {Review of \emph{{A}pplied Logic}, by {K}aj {B}\"orge {H}ansen},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {429--432},
  xref = {Review of: hansen_kb:1996a.},
  topic = {philosophical-logic;}
  }

@article{ shramko-wansing:2005a,
  author = {Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Some Useful 16-Valued Logics:  How a Computer Network
  	Should Think},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {121--153},
  topic = {multivalued-relevance-logic;multivalued-logic;}
  }

@article{ shramko-wansing:2006a,
  author = {Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Hyper-Contradictions, Generalized Truth Values and Logics
  		of Truth and Falsehood},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {15},
  number = {4},
  pages = {403--424},
  topic = {paraconsistency;}
  }

@article{ shramko-wansing:2009a,
  author = {Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {Editorial Introduction. Truth Values: Part {I}},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {91},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--304},
  topic = {multivalued-logic;}
  }

@article{ shramko-wansing:2009b,
  author = {Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing},
  title = {The Slingshot Argument and Sentential Identity},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {91},
  number = {3},
  pages = {429--455},
  topic = {multivalued-logic;situation-semantics;}
  }

@article{ shravetaylor:2001a,
  author = {John Shrave-Taylor},
  title = {Review of \emph{{N}eural Network Learning: Theoretical
  	Foundations}, by {M}artin {A}nthony and {P}eter {L}. {B}artlett},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {99--100},
  xref = {Review of anthony-bartlett:1999a.},
  topic = {connectionist-models;}
  }

@book{ shrobe:1988a,
  editor = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  title = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {AI-survey;}
 }

@article{ shrobe:2000a,
  author = {Howard Shrobe},
  title = {What Does the Future Hold?},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {41--57},
  topic = {AI-editorial;}
  }

@article{ shults-kuipers_bj:1997a,
  author = {Benjamin Shults and Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  title = {Proving Properties of Continuous Systems: Qualitative
  	Simulation and Temporal Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {92},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {91--129},
  topic = {temporal-logic;qualitative-physics;continuous-systems;}
  }

@article{ shvarts:1989a,
  author = {Grigory F. Shvarts},
  title = {Fixed Points in the Propositional Nonmonotonic Logic},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--206},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-logic;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shvarts:1990a,
  author = {Grigori Shvarts},
  title = {Autoepistemic Modal Logics},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
    Proceedings of the Third Conference ({TARK} 1990)},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Rohit Parikh},
  pages = {97--109},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  topic = {autoepistemic-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;modal-logic;}
  }

@inproceedings{ shvaytser:1988a,
  author = {Haim Shvaytser},
  title = {Representing Knowledge in Learning Systems by Pseudo
  	Boolean Functions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {245--259},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {learning-theory;}
  }

@incollection{ shwayder:1984a,
  author = {David S. Shwayder},
  title = {Hume Was Right, Almost, and Where He Wasn't, {K}ant Was},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {135--149},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;}
  }

@inproceedings{ sibun:1990a,
  author = {Penelope Sibun},
  title = {The Local Organization of Text},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {120--127},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}
}

@phdthesis{ sibun:1991a,
  author = {Penelope Sibun},
  title = {Locally Organized Text Generation},
  school = {University of Massachusetts},
  note = {Technical Report COINS--91--73.},
  year = {1991},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-structure;pragmatics;}
}

@article{ sibun:1992a,
  author = {Penelope Sibun},
  title = {Generating Text without Trees},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  year = {1992},
  pages = {102--122},
  note = {Special Issue on Natural Language Generation.},
  topic = {nl-generation;}
  }

@article{ sidelle:2009a,
  author = {Alan Sidelle},
  title = {Conventionalism and the Contingency of Conventions},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {224--241},
  topic = {convention;necessity;}
  }

@phdthesis{ sidner_cl:1979a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Towards a Computational Theory of Definite Anaphora
  	Comprehension in {E}nglish Discourse},
  school = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts
  	Institute of Technology},
  year = {1979},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse;}
 }

@article{ sidner_cl:1979b,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Focusing for Interpretation of Pronouns},
  journal = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {217--231},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {anaphora;discourse-coherence;discourse;
  	anaphora-resolution;centering;pragmatics;}
  }

@article{ sidner_cl:1985a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {Plan Parsing for Intended Response Recognition in
  	Discourse},
  journal = {Computational Intelligence},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--10},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {plan-recognition;discourse;pragmatics;}
  }

@inproceedings{ sidner_cl:1994a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner},
  title = {An Artificial Discourse Language for Collaborative Negotiation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = "Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf",
  pages = {814--819},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.},
  topic = {collaboration;coord-in-conversation;pragmatics;}
  }

@techreport{ sidner_cl-bobrow_rj:1984a,
  author = {Candice L. Sidner and Robert J. Bobrow},
  title = {Research in Knowledge Representation for Natural
  	Language Understanding},
  institution = {Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.},
  number = {5694},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  CS MS shelves.},
  topic = {nl-kr;description-logics;}
  }

@book{ sidner_cl-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Candace L. Sidner and Jamnes Allen and Harald Aust and
  	Philip Cohen and Justine Cassell and Laila Dybkjaer and
	X.D. Huang and Masato Ishizaki and Candace Kamm andd
	Lin-Shan Lee and Susann Luperfoy and Patti Price and
	Owen Rambow and Norbert Reithinger and Alex Rudnicky
	and Stephanie Seneff and Dave Stallard and David R. Traum and
	Marilyn Walker and Wayne Ward},
  title = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  ACL Shelves.},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Candace Sidner and Caroline Boettner and Charles Rich, "Lessons
     		Learned in Building Spoken Language Cooperative
		Interface Agents", pp. 1--6
     2. Staffan Larssen and Peter Ljungl\"of and Robin Cooper and
     		Elisabet Engdahl and Stina Ericsson, "{GoDiS}---An
		Accommodating Dialogue System", pp. 7--10
     3. Stephanie Seneff and Joseph Polifroni, "Dialogue Management
     		in the {M}ercury Flight Reservation System", pp. 11--16
     4. Diane Litman and Satinder Singh and Michael Kearns and
     		Marilyn Walker, "{NJFun}: A Reinforcement Spoken
		Dialogue System", pp. 17--20
     5. Scott Axelrod, "Natural Language Generation in the
     		{IBM} Flight Information System", pp. 21--32
     6. James Allen and Donna Byron and Dave Costello and Myroslava
     		Dzikovska and George Ferguson and Lucian Galescu
		and Amanda Stent, "{TRIPS}-911 System
		Demonstration", pp. 33--35
     7. Marsal Gavald\`a, "Epiphenomenal Grammar Acquisition with
     		GSG", pp. 36--41
     8. Wei Xu and Alexander I. Rudnicky, "Task-Based Dialog
     		Management Using an Agenda", pp. 42--47
     9. Christine H. Nakatani and Jennifer Chu-Carroll, "Using
     		Dialogie Representations for Concept-to-Speech
		Generation", pp. 48--53
    10. Manny Rayner and Beth Ann Hockey and Frankie James, "A
    		Compact Architecture for Dialogue Management
		Based on Scripts and Meta-Outputs", pp. 54--60
    11. Sharon J. Goldwater and Elizabeth Owen Bratt and Jean Mark
    		Gawron and John Dowding, "Building a Robust
		Dialogue System with Limited Data", pp. 61--65
    },
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}
 }

@inproceedings{ sidner_cl-etal:2000b,
  author = {Candace L. Sidner and Caroline Boettner and Charles Rich},
  title = {Lessons Learned in Building Spoken Language Cooperative
		Interface Agents},
  booktitle = {{ANLP/NAACL} Workshop on Conversational Systems},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Candace Sidner et al.},
  pages = {1--6},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}
  }

@book{ sidner_cl-etal:2000c,
  editor = {Candace Sidner and James Allen and Phil Cohen and
  	Justine Cassell and Laila Dybkjaer and X.D. Huang and
	Masato Ishizaki and Candace Kamm and Lin-Shan Lee and
	Susann Luperfoy and Patti Price and Owen Rambow and
	Norbert Reithinger and Alex Rudnicky and Stephanie
	Seneff and Dave Stallard and David R. Traum and Marilyn
	Walker and Wayne Ward},
  title = {Conversational Systems},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.  CS MS shelves.},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}
 }

@incollection{ sidner_cl-etal:2003a,
  author = {Candace L. Sidner and Christopher Lee and Neal Lash},
  title = {Engagement by Looking: Behaviors for Robots When
  		Collaborating with People},
  booktitle = {Diabruck 2003: Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Universit\"at des Saarlandes},
  year = {2003},
  editor = {Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov\'a and Claudia Kosny},
  pages = {123--130},
  address = {Saarbr\"ucken},
  topic = {discourse;gaze;collaboration;}
  }

@article{ sidner_cl-etal:2005a,
  author = {Candace L. Sidner and Christopher Lee and Cory D. Kidd
  		and Neal Lesh and Charles Rich},
  title = {Explorations in Engagement for Humans and Robots},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {166},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {140--164},
  topic = {facial-tracking;human-robot-interaction;}
  }

@article{ sidner_t:1997a,
  author = {Theodore Sidner},
  title = {Four-Dimensionalism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {2},
  pages = {197--231},
  topic = {personal-identity;}
  }

@article{ sidner_t:1999a,
  author = {Theodore Sidner},
  title = {Review of{\em Ontology, Modality, and the Fallacy
		of Reference}},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {33},
  number = {2},
  pages = {284--294},
  xref = {Review of jubien:1993a.},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;essentialism;reference;}
  }

@article{ sidner_t:2001a,
  author = {Theodore Sidner},
  title = {Review of \emph{{Meaning},} by {P}aul {H}orwich},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--104},
  xref = {Review of horwich:1998a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semnantics;philosophy-of-language;}
  }

@incollection{ sidorenko:1994a,
  author = {E.A. Sidorenko},
  title = {On Extensions of {E}},
  booktitle = {Intensional Logic:  Theory and Applications},
  publisher = {The Philosophical Society of Finland},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ilkka Niiniluoto and Esa Saarinen},
  pages = {195--202},
  address = {Helsinki},
  topic = {relevance-logic;}
  }

@article{ sidorsky:1965a,
  author = {David Sidorsky},
  title = {A Note on Three Criticisms of Von {W}right},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {12},
  pages = {739--742},
  xref = {Commentary on: castaneda:1965b, vonwright:1963a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;action;}
  }

@article{ siebel:2003a,
  author = {Mark Siebel},
  title = {Illocutionary Acts and Attitude Expression},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {351--366},
  topic = {speech-acts;}
  }

@incollection{ siebra-etal:2005a,
  author = {Sandra de A. Siebra and Ana Carolina Salgado and Patr\'icia A.
  	Tedesco and Patrick Br\'ezillon},
  title = {Identifying the Interaction Context in {CSCLE}},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context: 5th International and
  	Interdisciplinary Conference},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2005},
  editor = {Anind Dey and Boicho Kokinov and David Leake and Roy Turner},
  pages = {464--475},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;collaborative-learning;}
  }

@article{ sieg:1990a,
  author = {Wilfried Sieg},
  title = {Relative Consistency and Accessible Domains},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {84},
  number = {2},
  pages = {259--297},
  topic = {proof-theory;philosophy-of-mathematics;}
  }

@article{ sieg:1997a,
  author = {Wilfried Sieg},
  title = {Step by Recursive Step: {C}hurch's Analysis of Effective
  	Computability},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {154--180},
  topic = {computability;history-of-logic;Church's-thesis;}
  }

@article{ sieg:1999a,
  author = {Wilfried Sieg},
  title = {Hilbert's Programs: 1917--1922},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {199},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--44},
  topic = {Hilbert's-program;history-of-logic;}
  }

@incollection{ siegal:1991a,
  author = {Michael Siegal},
  title = {A Clash of Conversational Worlds:
     		Interpreting Cognitive Development through
		Communication},
  booktitle = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Lauren B. Resnick and John M. Levine and
  	Stephanie D. Teasley},
  pages = {23--40},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  topic = {social-psychology;shared-cognition;}
  }

@incollection{ siegel_ev:1997a,
  author = {Eric V. Siegel},
  title = {Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic
		Indicators to Classify Verbs},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {156--163},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;verb-classes;machine-learning;}
  }

@incollection{ siegel_ev:1998a,
  author = {Eric V. Siegel},
  title = {Disambiguating Verbs with the
		{W}ord{N}et Category of Direct Object},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {9--15},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;}
  }

@article{ siegel_ev-mckeown:2000a,
  author = {Eric V. Siegel and Kathleen R. McKeown},
  title = {Learning Methods to Combine Linguistic Indicators:
  	Improving Aspectual Classification and Revealing
	Linguistic Insights},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {595--628},
  topic = {tense-aspect;machine-language-learning;text-understanding;}
  }

@book{ siegel_gma:2000a,
  author = {Gabriel M.A. Siegel},
  title = {A Slim Book about Narrow Content},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-69230-9},
  xref = {Review: lackey:2003a},
  topic = {internal/external-properties;}
 }

@article{ siegel_gma:2001a,
  author = {Gabriel M.A. Siegel},
  title = {On a Difference between Language and Thought},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1},
  pages = {125--139},
  topic = {foundations-of-cognition;}
  }

@incollection{ siegel_ma:1976a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Capturing the {R}ussian Adjective},
  booktitle = {Montague Grammar},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Barbara H. Partee},
  pages = {293--309},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Montague-grammar;nl-semantics;adjectives;Russian-language;}
  }

@unpublished{ siegel_ma:1977a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Measure Adjectives in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Department, San
  	Diego State University},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {measures;Montague-grammar;adjectives;nl-semantics;}
  }

@unpublished{ siegel_ma:1978a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Some Thoughts on Propositional Attitudes,
  	Psychological Meanings, and Intensions in {M}ontague Grammar},
  year = {1978},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  missinginfo = {Year is a guess.},
  topic = {intensionality;propositional-attituds;Montague-grammar;
  	foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@article{ siegel_ma:1987a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Compositionality, Case, and the Scope of Auxiliaries},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--75},
  topic = {auxiliary-verbs;compositionality;nl-semantics;}
  }

@article{ siegel_ma:1994a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Such: Binding and the Pro-Adjective},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {17},
  number = {5},
  pages = {481--497},
  topic = {pro-forms;adjectives;nl-semantics;}
  }

@article{ siegel_ma:2006a,
  author = {Muffy A. Siegel},
  title = {Biscuit Conditionals:  Quantificiation over Potential
  		Literal Acts},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {29},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--203},
  topic = {biscuit-conditionals;}
  }

@incollection{ siegel_p-forget:1996a,
  author = {Pierre Siegel and Lionel Forget},
  title = {A Representation Theorem for Preferential Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {453--460},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {model-preference;nonmonotonic-logic;}
  }

@article{ siegel_p-schwind:1993a,
  author = {P. Siegel and C. Schwind},
  title = {Modal Logic Based Theory for Non-Monotonic Reasoning},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {73--92},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {modal-logic;nonmonotonic-logic;}
 }

@book{ siegwart-nourbakhsh:2004a,
  author = {Roland Siegwart and Illah Reza Nourbakhsh},
  title = {Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2004},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {026219502X},
  xref = {Review: oates:2005a},
  topic = {robotics;}
 }

@book{ siekmann:1989a,
  editor = {Jorg Siekmann},
  title = {Natural Language and Logic},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3-530-53082-7},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Arendse Bernth, "Treatment of Anaphoric Pronouns in Referentially
     		Opaque Contexts", pp. 1--25
     2. Toni Bollinger and Karl-Hans Bl\"asius and Uli Hedst\"uck, "Knowledge
     		Processing in the {LILOG} Project---From the
		First to the Second Prototype", pp. 26--49
     3. Peter Bosch, "Indexicality and Representation", pp. 50--61
     4. \"Osten Dahl, "Contextualization and
     		De-Contextualization", pp. 62--69
     5. Jens Erik Fenstad and Jan Tore L{\o}nning, "Computational
     		Semantics: Steps toward ``Intelligent'' Text
		Processing", pp. 70--93
     6. Christopher Habel, "Propositional and Depictorial Representation
     		of Spatial Knowledge: The Case of {\em
		Path\/}-Concepts", pp. 94--117
     7. Michael C. McCord, "Slot Grammar: A System for Simpler
     		Construction of Practical Natural Language
		Grammars", pp. 118--145
     8. Manfred Pinkal, "On the Logical Structure of
     		Comparatives", pp.  146--167
     9. Udo Pletat, "Aspects of Consistency of Sophisticated Knowledge
     		Representation Languages", pp. 168--190
    10. Christian Rohrer, "Unification-Based Machine
    		Translation", pp. 191--205
    11. Peter H. Schmitt, "Perspectives in Multiple-Valued
    		Logic", pp. 206--220
    12. Wolfgang Sch\"onfeld, "Properties and Actions", pp. 221--232
    13. Mark E. Stickel, "Rationale and Methods for Abductive Reasoning
    		in Natural Language Interpretation", pp. 233--252
  },
 topic = {nlp;nl-semantics;}
 }

@incollection{ siekmann-fehrer:1998a,
  author = {Jorg Siekmann and D. Fehrer},
  title = {Introduction (to Part {II}: Representation)},
  booktitle = {Automated Deduction: A Basis for Applications.
  	Volume {II}, Systems and Implementation Techniques},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Wolfgang Bibel and Peter H. Schmidt},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, pages},
  topic = {theorem-proving;applied-logic;}
  }

@article{ sierra:2009a,
  author = {Carles Sierra},
  title = {Review of \emph{{I}n Search of Memory: The Emergence of a
  		New Science of Mind}, by {E}ric

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

gha_license_id: MIT

extension: bib