text:
Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2184:ARPAWT>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0894-8755}},
EISSN = {{1520-0442}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL PREDICTABILITY; EL-NINO; EXTRATROPICAL
   RESPONSE; CLIMATE RESPONSE; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; TELECONNECTIONS;
   CIRCULATION; TRANSIENTS}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{mph@cdc.noaa.gov}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{, AK/B-6517-2008}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
Times-Cited = {{143}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{585MW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177529400005}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000177783300004,
Author = {Oosterhaven, J and Stelder, D},
Title = {{Net multipliers avoid exaggerating impacts: With a bi-regional
   illustration for the Dutch transportation sector}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{42}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{533-543}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Industries often promote their interests by arguing that they have a big
   impact on the rest of the economy. This poses the question of how to
   measure the importance of an activity. To answer this, the literature
   often uses (regional) input-output analysis. This paper critically
   reviews the traditional use of multipliers in such cases. To avoid
   double-counting impacts and to solve related conceptual problems, the
   net multiplier concept is introduced. This net multiplier is illustrated
   empirically for the Dutch transport sector using a Type II biregional
   input-output model for the Netherlands.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Oosterhaven, J (Corresponding Author), Univ Groningen, Dept Econ, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
   Univ Groningen, Dept Econ, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1467-9787.00270}},
ISSN = {{0022-4146}},
EISSN = {{1467-9787}},
Keywords-Plus = {{KEY SECTORS}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Public
   Administration}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; Environmental Studies; Regional \& Urban Planning}},
Author-Email = {{oosterhaven@eco.rug.nl}},
Cited-References = {{BATES C, 1985, PROSTA LEUKOTR MED, V17, P77, DOI 10.1016/0262-1746(85)90036-8.
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   OOSTERHAVEN J, 2002, TRANSPORT PROJECTS P.
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   SCHULTZ S, 1977, J DEV STUD, V14, P77, DOI 10.1080/00220387708421663.
   STELDER D, 1999, EC BELANG VERVOER VE, P37.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
Times-Cited = {{46}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Reg. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{589WA}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177783300004}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000178511200004,
Author = {Inaba, H and Kawamura, R and Kayahara, T and Ueda, H},
Title = {{Extraordinary persistence of foehn observed in the Hokuriku district of
   Japan in the 1999 summer}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{80}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{579-594}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{An unusually prolonged foehn was observed at Toyama in the Hokuriku
   district, located on the coast is of the Sea of Japan of central Japan,
   from 30 July to 3 August 1999. A 5-day foehn is extraordinarily
   persistent and was not observed during the 24-year period 1975-1998,
   which makes the 1999 summer quite exceptional. While an anticyclone east
   of Japan is intensified over the 5-day period, a combination of the
   anticyclone with a rapidly developing cyclone over southeastern Siberia
   and a typhoon migrating northward into the East China Sea induces a
   definite intensification of southerly geostrophic winds over central
   Japan, a favorable condition for the occurrence of unusually prolonged
   foehn.
   Observational and model results show that on a monthly mean basis, a
   noticeable east-west pressure gradient around Japan is present due to
   the prominence of the Pacific and Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern in
   response to tropical convective heating, resulting in reinforcing
   southerly geostrophic winds across central Japan. Once large-scale
   circulation anomalies are initiated and sustained as a result of such an
   extratropical response, the development and movement of adjacent
   synoptic-scale disturbances are largely regulated by those anomalies. A
   combined effect of the excitation of the PJ pattern and associated
   synoptic-scale disturbances is crucial for the extraordinary persistence
   of foehn along the coast of the Sea of Japan. The PJ pattern that
   appeared in July 1999 has an unusual geographical location and
   configuration because enhanced cumulus convection over the warm pool
   region of the western North Pacific is significantly displaced about
   20degrees westward and 2-3degrees northward, compared to the typical hot
   summer that Japan experiences. This displacement is presumably
   attributed to a similar shift of distinctive warm SST anomalies over the
   warm pool region.}},
Publisher = {{METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN}},
Address = {{C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Kawamura, R (Corresponding Author), Toyama Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 9308555, Japan.
   Toyama Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Toyama 9308555, Japan.
   Natl Res Inst Earth Sci \& Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
   Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.}},
DOI = {{10.2151/jmsj.80.579}},
ISSN = {{0026-1165}},
Keywords-Plus = {{WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; WIND YAMAJI-KAZE; CIRCULATION; MONSOON}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kawamura, Ryuichi/D-2434-2010
   Kawamura, Ryuichi/Q-6161-2019
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Kawamura, Ryuichi/0000-0002-6783-1496}},
Cited-References = {{ARAKAWA S, 1988, NOTE METEOROLOGICAL, V163, P1.
   GILL AE, 1980, Q J ROY METEOR SOC, V106, P447, DOI 10.1256/smsqj.44904.
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   Kalnay E, 1996, B AM METEOROL SOC, V77, P437, DOI 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
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   NITTA T, 1987, J METEOROL SOC JPN, V65, P373, DOI 10.2151/jmsj1965.65.3\_373.
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   SAITO K, 1993, J METEOROL SOC JPN, V71, P247, DOI 10.2151/jmsj1965.71.2\_247.
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   Yoshino M. M., 1976, LOCAL WIND BORA.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{602NK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178511200004}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000176218200001,
Author = {Albino, V and Izzo, C and Kuhtz, S},
Title = {{Input-output models for the analysis of a local/global supply chain}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{78}},
Number = {{2, SI}},
Pages = {{119-131}},
Month = {{JUL 21}},
Abstract = {{A supply chain can be analysed as a network of production processes
   which can be localised within and outside a given geographic area. Each
   process can be defined as a system that produces output flows in
   consequence of input flows.
   In this paper, an input-output approach based on production processes is
   used to develop specific models that investigate flows among production
   processes either of a whole (global) supply chain or of a part of the
   supply chain localised within a given area (local). By-product and waste
   outputs are also considered. The developed models can help improve
   design and management of supply chains also in terms of sustainable
   development of a local area. In fact, this use of the input-output
   analysis entails a deeper understanding of the relationships among the
   processes and the environment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Kuhtz, S (Corresponding Author), Univ Basilicata, Fac Ingn, Dipartimento Ingn \& Fis Ambiente, Cda Macchia Romana, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
   Univ Basilicata, Fac Ingn, Dipartimento Ingn \& Fis Ambiente, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0925-5273(01)00216-X}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0925-5273(01)00216-X}},
ISSN = {{0925-5273}},
EISSN = {{1873-7579}},
Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Operations Research \& Management Science}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research
   \& Management Science}},
Author-Email = {{kuhtz@unibas.it}},
Cited-References = {{AYRES RU, 1978, RESOURCES ENV EC APP.
   Ballou RH, 1992, BUSINESS LOGISTICS M.
   Beamon B, 1999, LOGIST INF MANAG, V12, P332, DOI DOI 10.1108/09576059910284159.
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   Bowersox D. J., 1996, LOGISTICAL MANAGEMEN.
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   {*}US EPA OAQPS, 1998, COMP AIR POLL EM FAC.
   VELTZ P, 1991, ENTERPRISES TERRITOI, P93.
   Xiannuan Lin, 1998, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, V9, P205, DOI 10.1016/S0954-349X(97)00034-9.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
Times-Cited = {{57}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Prod. Econ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{562UW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176218200001}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000177928100003,
Author = {Sheppard, PR and Comrie, AC and Packin, GD and Angersbach, K and Hughes,
   MK},
Title = {{The climate of the US Southwest}},
Journal = {{CLIMATE RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{21}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{219-238}},
Month = {{JUL 16}},
Abstract = {{This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of the climate of
   southwest USA (the `Southwest'), Low annual precipitation, clear skies,
   and year-round warm climate over much of the Southwest are due in large
   part to a quasi-permanent subtropical high-pressure ridge over the
   region. However, the Southwest is located between the mid-latitude and
   subtropical atmospheric circulation regimes, and this positioning
   relative to shifts in these regimes is the fundamental reason for the
   region's climatic variability. Furthermore, the Southwest's complex
   topography and its geographical proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf
   of California, and the Gulf of Mexico also contribute to this region's
   high climatic variability, El Nino, which is an increase in sea-surface
   temperature of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean with an associated
   shift of the active center of atmospheric convection from the western to
   the central equatorial Pacific, has a well-developed teleconnection with
   the Southwest, usually resulting in wet winters. La Nina, the opposite
   oceanic case of El Nino usually results in dry winters for the
   Southwest. Another important oceanic influence on winter climate of the
   Southwest is a feature called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO),
   which has been defined as temporal variation in sea-surface temperatures
   for most of the Northern Pacific Ocean, The effects of ENSO and PDO can
   amplify each other, resulting in increased annual variability in
   precipitation over the Southwest. The major feature that sets the
   climate of the Southwest apart from the rest of the United States is the
   North American monsoon, which in the US is most noticeable in Arizona
   and New Mexico, Up to 50\% of the annual rainfall of Arizona and New
   Mexico occurs as monsoonal storms from July through September.
   Instrumental measurement of temperature and precipitation in the
   Southwest dates back to the middle to late 1800s, From that record,
   average annual rainfall of Arizona is 322 mm (12.7{''}), while that of
   New Mexico is 340 nun (13.4{''}), and mean annual temperature of New
   Mexico is cooler (12degreesC {[}53degreesF]) than Arizona (17degreesC
   {[}62degreesF]). As instrumental meteorological records extend back only
   about 100 to 120 yr throughout the Southwest, they are of limited
   utility for studying climate phenomena of long time frames. Hence, there
   is a need to extend the measured meteorological record further back in
   time using so-called `natural archive' pal eo climate records. Tree-ring
   data, which provide annual resolution, range throughout the Southwest,
   extend back in time for up to 1000 yr or more in various forests of the
   Southwest, and integrate well the influences of both temperature and
   precipitation, are useful for this assessment of climate of the
   Southwest. Tree growth of mid-elevation forests typically responds to
   moisture availability during the growing season, and a commonly used
   climate variable in paleo-precipitation studies is the Palmer Drought
   Severity Index (PDSI), which is a single variable derived from variation
   in precipitation and temperature. June-August PDSI strongly represents
   precipitation and, to a lesser extent, temperature of the year prior to
   the growing season (prior September through current August), The maximum
   intra-ring density of higher elevation trees can yield a useful record
   of summer temperature variation. The combined paleo-modern climate
   record has at least 3 occurrences of multi-decadal variation (50 to 80
   yr) of alternating dry (below average PDSI) to wet (above average PDSI).
   The amplitude of this variation has increased since the 1700s. The most
   obvious feature of
   Because this warming trend is outside the variation of the natural
   archives, it is possible that anthropogenic impacts, such as increased
   atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse trace gases, are playing a role
   in climate of the Southwest, Accordingly, this pattern merits further
   research in search of its cause or combination of causes.}},
Publisher = {{INTER-RESEARCH}},
Address = {{NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Sheppard, PR (Corresponding Author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   Univ Arizona, Dept Geog \& Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.3354/cr021219}},
ISSN = {{0936-577X}},
Keywords = {{Southwest; climate; El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); monsoon; Palmer
   Drought Severity Index (PDSI); summer temperature; dendrochronology;
   tree rings}},
Keywords-Plus = {{WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; SUMMER
   PRECIPITATION REGIME; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR;
   SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION PATTERNS;
   TREE-RINGS; EL-NINO}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hughes, Malcolm/F-3350-2014}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hughes, Malcolm/0000-0003-1062-3167}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{118}},
Times-Cited = {{333}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
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Journal-ISO = {{Clim. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{592GH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177928100003}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000176910400002,
Author = {Englehart, PJ and Douglas, AV},
Title = {{Mexico's summer rainfall patterns: an analysis of regional modes and
   changes in their teleconnectivity}},
Journal = {{ATMOSFERA}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{15}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{147-164}},
Month = {{JUL 1}},
Abstract = {{This study explores the interannual variability in Mexico's warm season
   rainfall. It is based on historical rainfall data (1927-1997) from a
   grid of 130 long-term stations. The grid provides reasonable spatial
   coverage over most of the country. Using Principal Components Analysis,
   this study delimits five relatively large sub-areas of the country.
   Within each of these regions, monthly station rainfall exhibits high
   levels of spatial coherence. The regional structures are distinct and
   physically plausible with respect to the climatology of Mexico. The
   regional time series are expressed as departures from normal. In most of
   these series the intraseasonal, that is, month to month, persistence is
   minimal; in fact, only a few of the series display significant
   tendencies toward nonrandom serial behavior. This study evaluates the
   teleconnectivity between the regional rainfall series and several
   different indices of large-scale ocean and atmosphere variability, These
   indices include an El Nino-Southern Oscillation index, indices that
   describe the strength and position of the subtropical anticyclone belt,
   as well as local SSTs in the Eastern Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. All
   of the teleconnection analyses consider the quasi-decadal mode of
   variability that is commonly referred to as the Pacific Decadal
   Oscillation (PDO). The study results generally agree with the findings
   of other researchers to the extent that they indicate differential
   teleconnectivity as a function of PDO phase. However, unlike other
   studies, we see no compelling evidence for non-linear behavior in the
   teleconnections. within PDO phase. Instead, the more prominent feature
   of the teleconnections is simply that they tend to be both more
   spatially extensive and stronger in the positive PDO phase.}},
Publisher = {{CENTRO CIENCIAS ATMOSFERA UNAM}},
Address = {{CIRCUITO EXTERIOR, MEXICO CITY CU 04510, MEXICO}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Englehart, PJ (Corresponding Author), Creighton Univ, Dept Atmospher \& Environm Sci, Omaha, NE 68178 USA.
   Creighton Univ, Dept Atmospher \& Environm Sci, Omaha, NE 68178 USA.}},
ISSN = {{0187-6236}},
Keywords = {{Mexico; summer rainfall; Mexican Monsoon; principal component analysis;
   teleconnections}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; UNITED-STATES; ENSO
   TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION; MONSOON; AMERICA}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
Times-Cited = {{40}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{Atmosfera}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{574VN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176910400002}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000208101100005,
Author = {Brown, David P. and Comrie, Andrew C.},
Title = {{Sub-regional seasonal precipitation linkages to SOI and PDO in the
   Southwest United States}},
Journal = {{ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{3}},
Number = {{2-4}},
Pages = {{94-102}},
Month = {{JUL-DEC}},
Abstract = {{This paper highlights the relationship between precipitation variability
   at the sub-regional level in the Southwest United States and the SOI and
   PDO climate teleconnection indices during the period 1950-2000.
   Statistical corrections at alpha = 0.05 and 0.01 leves are calculated
   for fall. winter, and spring precipitation in the Southwest, and
   contemporaneous and antecedent sesonal SOI and PDO index values. A
   strong SOI-Winter precipitation signal is seen to the progress across
   Arizona and New Mexico from southwest to northwest over a three-season
   lagged period. The PDO also exhibits a strong relationship with winter
   and spring precipitation in New Mexico; however, the PDO is not well
   correlated with Precipitation in Arizona. The results underscore the
   non-uniform spatio-temporal relationships of the SOI and PDO indices as
   they relate to the precipitation regime of the Southwest, and provide a
   framework for future diagnostic analyses of these relationships. (C)
   2002 Royal Meteorological Society}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Brown, DP (Corresponding Author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geog \& Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   Brown, David P.; Comrie, Andrew C., Univ Arizona, Dept Geog \& Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1006/asle.2002.0057}},
ISSN = {{1530-261X}},
Keywords = {{Southwest United States; SOI; PDO; precipitation; synoptic climatology;
   GIS}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CIRCULATION PATTERNS; SURFACE CLIMATE; SONORAN DESERT; VARIABILITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{dpbrown@email.arizona.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NOAA Office of Global ProgramsNational Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA)
   - USA; Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) project}},
Funding-Text = {{The NOAA Office of Global Programs supported this research as part of
   the Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS) project. We thank two
   anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Journal-ISO = {{Atmos. Sci. Lett.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{V19VY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000208101100005}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000177244000001,
Author = {AchutaRao, K and Sperber, KR},
Title = {{Simulation of the El Nino Southern Oscillation: Results from the Coupled
   Model Intercomparison Project}},
Journal = {{CLIMATE DYNAMICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{3-4}},
Pages = {{191-209}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulations of 17 global coupled
   ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (CGCMs) from the Coupled
   Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are analyzed. Monthly mean values
   of surface air temperature, sea-level pressure and precipitation for 80
   years are analyzed from control runs. Nearly half of the models studied
   do not employ any form of flux correction. Flux-corrected CGCMs were
   better at simulating the base state and annual cycle of the temperature
   field in the equatorial Pacific but not necessarily better at simulating
   ENSO variability. While a subset of the models produce realistic
   amplitudes of NINO3 and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), ENSO often
   tends to occur at a higher than observed frequency. A few models also
   capture the teleconnection between NINO3 temperature anomalies, SOI, and
   the global surface air temperature, sea level pressure and
   precipitation. Only a few models simulate phase locking of ENSO with the
   seasonal cycle. Most models have problems in simulating the ENSO related
   sea-level pressure variations over the eastern Pacific an this is
   associated with errors in the precipitation response. The models fall
   into three distinct categories based on their ability to simulate
   large-scale ENSO related patterns of sea-level pressure, surface air
   temperature and precipitation. Group 1 consists of models that represent
   well the Walker circulation anomalies, the warming and enhanced rainfall
   in the central/east Pacific. Models in group 2 exhibit a westward
   displacement and/or have weak responses, while group 3 models have the
   weakest ENSO signatures.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00382-001-0221-9}},
ISSN = {{0930-7575}},
EISSN = {{1432-0894}},
Keywords-Plus = {{OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC;
   TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL CYCLE;
   CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENSO; CIRCULATION; CO2}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{achutarao1@llnl.gov}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sperber, Kenneth R/H-2333-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Sperber, Kenneth R/0000-0001-8585-9786}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
Times-Cited = {{130}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{Clim. Dyn.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{580PY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177244000001}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000177244000012,
Author = {Vavrus, S and Liu, Z},
Title = {{Toward understanding the response of the tropical atmosphere-ocean
   system to increased CO2 using equilibrium asynchronous coupling}},
Journal = {{CLIMATE DYNAMICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{3-4}},
Pages = {{355-369}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{We investigate the response of the tropical Pacific climate system to a
   tripling of CO2 in a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Equilibrium
   asynchronous coupling (EAC) is used to diagnose the climatic forcing
   mechanisms. Our results corroborate those from most other coupled GCMs,
   which generally simulate an El Nino-like mean climate state under
   increased CO2. This pattern is characterized by enhanced warming of the
   ocean surface in the equatorial Pacific in conjunction with a reduction
   in the zonal SST gradient, stronger atmospheric convection and
   precipitation in the central equatorial Pacific, a stronger Subtropical
   Westerly Jet, and a deepened wintertime Aleutian Low in association with
   a PNA-like geopotential pattern aloft. We show that these climate
   changes are triggered by a weakening of the tropical Walker Circulation,
   which leads to weaker surface easterly winds along the equator and
   therefore less oceanic upwelling. Furthermore, the main El Nino-like
   atmospheric anomalies do not depend critically on the existence of an
   east-west equatorial gradient either in the simulated modern SSTs or in
   the SST anomalies under increased CO2. Regardless of the details of the
   SST boundary conditions, the atmosphere seems to respond similarly to a
   CO2 warming perturbation and in a manner that favors the evolution of
   the climate system toward an El Nino-like state. An enhanced meridional
   atmospheric circulation in the Pacific is linked to increased convection
   along the ITCZ, coinciding with subtropical anomalies of higher surface
   pressure and stronger subsidence aloft. This anomalous surface pressure
   pattern is much more pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere, presumably
   due to a PNA-like atmospheric teleconnection. These surface pressure
   anomalies produce a stronger meridional outflow of wind toward the
   equator and weaker easterly winds along the equator. The weaker
   equatorial easterlies reduce oceanic upwelling in the central and
   eastern equatorial Pacific, thereby promoting a reduced east-west SST
   gradient and a maximum warming in the central equatorial Pacific (around
   140-170degreesW).}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER-VERLAG}},
Address = {{175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Vavrus, S (Corresponding Author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00382-002-0232-1}},
ISSN = {{0930-7575}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE TRENDS;
   GLOBAL CLIMATE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MEAN RESPONSE; MODEL; VARIABILITY;
   SIMULATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{Clim. Dyn.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{580PY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177244000012}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000177126000006,
Author = {Lenzen, M and Dey, CJ},
Title = {{Economic, energy and greenhouse emissions impacts of some consumer
   choice, technology and government outlay options}},
Journal = {{ENERGY ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{24}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{377-403}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{The impacts of selected spending options in the Australian economy are
   determined in terms of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and
   a range of economic parameters. Six case studies of one current-practice
   and one alternative, environmentally motivated spending option are
   carried out, describing consumer choices, technologies and government
   outlays. The assessment method is based on input-output theory and, as
   such, enables both the direct and indirect effects of spending to be
   quantified. In general, the results indicate that pro-environmental
   objectives, such as reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas
   emissions, are compatible with broad socio-economic benefits, such as
   increases in employment and income, and reductions in imports, (C) 2002
   Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved,}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lenzen, M (Corresponding Author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0140-9883(02)00007-5}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0140-9883(02)00007-5}},
ISSN = {{0140-9883}},
Keywords = {{energy consumption; greenhouse gas emissions; employment; input-output
   analysis}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INPUT-OUTPUT-ANALYSIS; DOUBLE DIVIDEND; UNITED-STATES; EMPLOYMENT;
   STRATEGY; GASES; COST}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lenzen, Manfred/D-3161-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Lenzen, Manfred/0000-0002-0828-5288}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{68}},
Times-Cited = {{73}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
Journal-ISO = {{Energy Econ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{578PC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177126000006}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000176607500014,
Author = {Zic, M and Negrini, RM and Wigand, PE},
Title = {{Evidence of synchronous climate change across the northern hemisphere
   between the north Atlantic and the northwestern Great Basin, United
   States}},
Journal = {{GEOLOGY}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{30}},
Number = {{7}},
Pages = {{635-638}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{From ca. 50 to 20 ka, Summer Lake, Oregon, rose and fell in tune with
   North Atlantic interstadial and stadial climatic oscillations,
   respectively. This record exhibits the complete morphology of the North
   Atlantic millennial-scale climate-change signal including
   Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations, Heinrich events, and Bond cycles. The
   phase relationship of these climate change records (high Summer Lake
   during warm North Atlantic; low during cold) is demonstrated at
   millennial-scale resolution by the relative positions of the Mono Lake
   and Laschamp paleomagnetic excursions in these records. These results,
   in conjunction with comparisons of historical climate records, also
   presented here, imply a direct temporal connection at the subcentury
   scale between the North Atlantic and the northwestern Great Basin via an
   atmospheric teleconnection.}},
Publisher = {{GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC}},
Address = {{PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Zic, M (Corresponding Author), Calif State Univ, Dept Phys \& Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.
   Calif State Univ, Dept Phys \& Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0635:EOSCCA>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0091-7613}},
Keywords = {{Great Basin; lake level; excursions; paleoclimate}},
Keywords-Plus = {{PAST 250,000 YEARS; SUMMER LAKE; PALEOCLIMATE RECORD; TEPHRA LAYERS;
   GREENLAND ICE; MONO LAKE; OREGON; SEDIMENTS; PACIFIC; CHRONOLOGY}},
Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Geology}},
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