text:
PMC3760345",
}

@Article{RSM:Lew20a,
  author =       "T. Lewis and H.S. Feil and W.D. Stroud",
  title =        "Observations upon flutter and fibrillation. {Part II}.
                 The nature of auricular flutter",
  journal =      "Heart",
  year =         "1920",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "191--245",
  robnote =      "classic early ref, no hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 11 10:58:35 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Lew78,
  author =       "B.A. Lewis and J.S. Robinson",
  title =        "Triangularization of Planar Regions with
                 Applications",
  journal =      "Comp. J",
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "324--332",
  robnote =      "A nice article on triangularization in 2d. Phil sent
                 me this one. thesis, NumMath032, mesh generation",
}

@Article{RSM:Li2000,
  author =       "R.A. Li and M. Leppo and T. Miki and S. Seino and E.
                 Marban",
  title =        "Molecular basis of electrocardiographic {ST}-segment
                 elevation",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "837--909",
  robnote =      "Various studies have suggested that activation of
                 sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels
                 by ischemic ATP depletion may play a role inST segment
                 elevation, but little direct evidence is available. We
                 studied mice with homozygous knockout (KO) of the
                 Kir6.2 gene, which encodes the pore-forming subunit of
                 cardiac surface K(ATP) channels. Patch-clamp studies in
                 cardiomyocytes confirmed that surface K(ATP) current
                 was indeed absent in KO, but robust in cells from
                 wild-type mice (WT). We then measured continuous
                 electrocardiograms in anesthetized adult mice before
                 and after open-chest ligation of the left anterior
                 descending artery (LAD). Whereas ST elevation was
                 readily evident in WT after LAD ligation, it was
                 markedly suppressed in KO. In support of the concept
                 that K(ATP) channels are responsible for ST elevation,
                 the surface K(ATP)channel blocker HMR1098 (5 mg/kg IP)
                 suppressed early ST elevation in WT. Thus, the opening
                 of sarcolemmal K(ATP)channels underlies ST elevation
                 during ischemia. These data are the first to link a
                 specific gene product with a common
                 electrocardiographic phenomenon.",
}

@Article{RSM:Li2001,
  author =       "D. Li and K. Shinagawa and L. Pang and T. K. Leung and
                 S. Cardin and Z. Wang and S. Nattel",
  title =        "Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on
                 the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in
                 dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive
                 heart failure",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "104",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "2608--2614",
  abstract =     "BACKGROUND: Atrial structural remodeling creates a
                 substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the
                 underlying signal transduction mechanisms are unknown.
                 This study assessed the effects of ACE inhibition on
                 arrhythmogenic atrial remodeling and associated
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) changes in a
                 dog model of congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS
                 AND RESULTS: Dogs were subjected to various durations
                 of ventricular tachypacing (VTP, 220 to 240 bpm) in the
                 presence or absence of oral enalapril 2 mg. kg(-1).
                 d(-1). VTP for 5 weeks induced CHF, local atrial
                 conduction slowing, and interstitial fibrosis and
                 prolonged atrial burst pacing-induced AF. Atrial
                 angiotensin II concentrations and MAPK expression were
                 increased by tachypacing, with substantial changes in
                 phosphorylated forms of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),
                 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and
                 p38-kinase. Enalapril significantly reduced
                 tachypacing-induced changes in atrial angiotensin II
                 concentrations and ERK expression. Enalapril also
                 attenuated the effects of CHF on atrial conduction
                 (conduction heterogeneity index reduced from 3.1+/-0.4
                 to 1.9+/-0.2 ms/mm, P<0.05), atrial fibrosis (from
                 11.9+/-1.1\% to 7.5+/-0.4\%, P<0.01), and mean AF
                 duration (from 651+/-164 to 218+/-75 seconds, P<0.05).
                 Vasodilator therapy of a separate group of VTP dogs
                 with hydralazine and isosorbide mononitrate did not
                 alter CHF-induced fibrosis or AF promotion.
                 CONCLUSIONS: CHF-induced increases in angiotensin II
                 content and MAPK activation contribute to
                 arrhythmogenic atrial structural remodeling. ACE
                 inhibition interferes with signal transduction leading
                 to the AF substrate in CHF and may represent a useful
                 new component to AF therapy.",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Li2004,
  author =       "G. Li and B. He",
  title =        "Non-invasive estimation of myocardial infarction by
                 means of a heart-model-based imaging approach: a
                 simulation study.",
  journal =      "Med Biol Eng Comput",
  year =         "2004",
  month =        jan,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "128--136",
  robnote =      "In the study, a new myocardial infarction (MI)
                 estimation method was developed for estimating MI in
                 the three-dimensional myocardium by means of a
                 heart-model-based inverse approach. The site and size
                 of MI are estimated from body surface
                 electrocardiograms by minimising multiple objective
                 functions of the measured body surface potential maps
                 (BSPMs) and the heart-model-generated BSPMs. Computer
                 simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance
                 of the developed method, using a single-site MI and
                 dual-site MI protocols. The simulation results show
                 that, for the single-site MI, the averaged spatial
                 distance (SD) between the weighting centres of the
                 'true' and estimated MIs, and the averaged relative
                 error (RE) between the numbers of the 'true' and
                 estimated infarcted units are 3.0 +/- 0.6/3.6 +/- 0.6
                 mm and 0.11 +/- 0.02/0.14 +/- 0.02, respectively, when
                 5 microV/10 microV Gaussian white noise was added to
                 the body surface potentials. For the dual-site MI, the
                 averaged SD between the weighting centres of the 'true'
                 and estimated MIs, and the averaged RE between the
                 numbers of the 'true' and estimated infarcted units are
                 3.8 +/- 0.7/3.9 +/- 0.7mm and 0.12 +/- 0.02/0.14 +/-
                 0.03, respectively, when 5 microV/10 microV Gaussian
                 white noise was added to the body surface potentials.
                 The simulation results suggest the feasibility of
                 applying the heart-model-based imaging approach to the
                 estimation of myocardial infarction from body surface
                 potentials.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 2 16:41:43 2004",
}

@Article{RSM:Li92,
  author =       "Y. Li and P. Whittaker and R.A. Kloner",
  title =        "The transient nature of the effect of ischemic
                 preconditioning on myocardial infarct size and
                 ventricular arrhythmia",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "123",
  pages =        "346--353",
}

@Article{RSM:Li95,
  author =       "G. Li and C. Zheng and C. Tai",
  title =        "Detection of {ECG} characteristic points using Wavelet
                 Transforms",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "42",
  pages =        "21--28",
  robnote =      "wavelets and fiducials",
}

@Article{RSM:Li98,
  author =       "D. Li and C.Y. Li and A.C. Yong and D. Kilpatrick",
  title =        "Source of electrocardiographic {ST} changes in
                 subendocardial ischemia",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "82",
  pages =        "957--970",
  robnote =      "A nice summary of two PhD theses, one covering the
                 experiments and the other the simulations. They show
                 that epicardial ST depression is not a good localizer
                 of subendocardial ischemia and that it has nothing to
                 do with great vessels or complicated extracardiac
                 return current flows. Endocardial ST elevation is a
                 good localizer. Epicardial depression changes quickly
                 to elevation when the ischemia reaches through the wall
                 to become transmural",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 16:45:16 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Li99,
  author =       "D. Li and S. Fareh and T.K. Leung and S. Nattel",
  title =        "Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in
                 dogs: atrial remodeling of a different sort.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1999",
  month =        jul,
  volume =       "100",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--95",
  robnote =      "We studied the effects of congestive heart failure
                 (CHF), an entity strongly associated with clinical AF,
                 on atrial electrophysiology in the dog and compared the
                 results with those in dogs subjected to rapid atrial
                 pacing (RAP; 400 bpm) with a controlled ventricular
                 rate (AV block plus ventricular pacemaker at 80 bpm).
                 METHODS AND RESULTS: CHF induced by 5 weeks of rapid
                 ventricular pacing (220 to 240 bpm) increased the
                 duration of AF induced by burst pacing (from 8+/-4
                 seconds in control dogs to 535+/-82 seconds; P<0.01),
                 similar to the effect of 1 week of RAP (713+/-300
                 seconds). In contrast to RAP, CHF did not alter atrial
                 refractory period, refractoriness heterogeneity, or
                 conduction velocity at a cycle length of 360 ms;
                 however, CHF dogs had a substantial increase in the
                 heterogeneity of conduction during atrial pacing
                 (heterogeneity index in CHF dogs, 2. 76+/-0.16 versus
                 1.46+/-0.10 for control and 1.51+/-0.06 for RAP dogs;
                 P<0.01) owing to discrete regions of slow conduction.
                 Histological examination revealed extensive
                 interstitial fibrosis (connective tissue occupying
                 12.8+/-1.9\% of the cross-sectional area) in CHF dogs
                 compared with control (0.8+/-0.3\%) and RAP (0.
                 9+/-0.2\%) dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental CHF strongly
                 promotes the induction of sustained AF by causing
                 interstitial fibrosis that interferes with local
                 conduction. The substrates of AF in CHF are very
                 different from those of atrial tachycardia-related AF,
                 with important potential implications for
                 understanding, treating, and preventing AF related to
                 CHF.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jun 1 20:01:02 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Li99b,
  author =       "D. Li and C.Y. Li and A.C. Yong and P.R. Johnston and
                 D. Kilpatrick",
  title =        "Epicardial {ST} depression in acute myocardial
                 infarction.",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1999",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "85",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "959--964",
  robnote =      "In anaesthetized sheep, small infarcts showed uniform
                 ST elevation over the infarction whereas larger
                 infarcts showed marked ST depression over the normal
                 myocardium in addition to the ST elevation. These
                 findings were replicated by bidomain models of the
                 heart. A hollow sphere was used to model a gradually
                 increasing infarct, and this showed that there was a
                 decrease in the ratio of ST elevation to ST depression
                 as the infarct was increased. The current flowing out
                 of the heart must be identical to the current flowing
                 back into the heart. This means that any infarction
                 will produce ST depression as well as ST elevation, the
                 ratio between the two being related to the size of the
                 infarction. Small infarction is associated with a small
                 region of ST elevation and minor ST depression of the
                 remaining myocardium, and as the infarct region
                 increases, the amplitude of the epicardial ST elevation
                 falls and the amplitude of the ST depression increases.
                 Infarction size is proportional to both the height of
                 the ST depression on the epicardium and the strength of
                 the epicardial ST segment dipole.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 17 07:22:00 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:LiD2001,
  author =       "D. Li and K. Shinagawa and L. Pang and T.K. Leung and
                 S. Cardin and Z. Wang and S. Nattel",
  title =        "Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on
                 the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in
                 dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive
                 heart failure.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2001",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "104",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "2608--2614",
  robnote =      "This study assessed the effects of ACE inhibition on
                 arrhythmogenic atrial remodeling and associated
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) changes in a
                 dog model of congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS
                 AND RESULTS: Dogs were subjected to various durations
                 of ventricular tachypacing (VTP, 220 to 240 bpm) in the
                 presence or absence of oral enalapril 2 mg. kg(-1).
                 d(-1). VTP for 5 weeks induced CHF, local atrial
                 conduction slowing, and interstitial fibrosis and
                 prolonged atrial burst pacing-induced AF. Atrial
                 angiotensin II concentrations and MAPK expression were
                 increased by tachypacing, with substantial changes in
                 phosphorylated forms of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),
                 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and
                 p38-kinase. Enalapril significantly reduced
                 tachypacing-induced changes in atrial angiotensin II
                 concentrations and ERK expression. Enalapril also
                 attenuated the effects of CHF on atrial conduction
                 (conduction heterogeneity index reduced from 3.1+/-0.4
                 to 1.9+/-0.2 ms/mm, P<0.05), atrial fibrosis (from
                 11.9+/-1.1\% to 7.5+/-0.4\%, P<0.01), and mean AF
                 duration (from 651+/-164 to 218+/-75 seconds, P<0.05).
                 Vasodilator therapy of a separate group of VTP dogs
                 with hydralazine and isosorbide mononitrate did not
                 alter CHF-induced fibrosis or AF promotion.
                 CONCLUSIONS: CHF-induced increases in angiotensin II
                 content and MAPK activation contribute to
                 arrhythmogenic atrial structural remodeling. ACE
                 inhibition interferes with signal transduction leading
                 to the AF substrate in CHF and may represent a useful
                 new component to AF therapy.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jun 1 18:41:50 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Lic2018,
  author = 	 "J. Lichter and E.G. Kholmovski and N Coulombe and E. Ghafoori
                  and R. Kamali and R.S. MacLeod1 and R. Ranjan",
  title = 	 "Real-Time MRI Guided Cryoablation of the Pulmonary Veins with
                  Acute Freeze-Zone and Chronic Lesion Assessment ",
  journal = 	 "Europace",
  year = 	 "2019",
  year = 	 "2019",
  volume = "21",
  number = "1",
  pages =  "154-162",
  month = jan,
}

@InCollection{RSM:Lie88,
  author =       "J. Liebman and C.W. Thomas and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "Conduction Abnormalities and Ventricular Hypertrophy",
  booktitle =    "Body Surface Electrocardiographic Mapping",
  editor =       "D.M. Mirvis",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  address =      "Boston, Dordrecht, London",
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "153--166",
  robnote =      ", BSPM066",
}

@Article{RSM:Lie91,
  author =       "J. Liebman and J.A. Zeno and B. Olshansky and A.S.
                 Geha and C.W. Thomas and Y. Rudy and R.W. Henthorn and
                 M. Cohen and A.L. Waldo",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic body surface potential mapping in
                 the {W}olff-{P}arkinson-{W}hite syndrome. Noninvasive
                 determination of the ventricular insertion sites of
                 accessory atrioventricular connections.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1991",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "83",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "886--901",
  robnote =      "BSPM paper from Jerry at CWRU.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 23 17:40:59 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Lik2015,
  author =       "D. Likhite and G. Adluru and N. Hu and C. McGann and E.
                 DiBella",
  title =        "Quantification of myocardial perfusion with self-gated
                 cardiovascular magnetic resonance.",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Magn Reson",
  year =         "2015",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14",
  robnote =      "The use of a gated acquisition is a problem in situations
                 with a poor ECG signal. An undersampled saturation
                 recovery radial turboFLASH pulse sequence was used in 7
                 subjects to acquire dynamic contrast-enhanced images
                 during free-breathing. A single saturation pulse was
                 followed by acquisition of 4-5 slices after a delay of ~40
                 msec.  Regional myocardial blood flow estimates
                 (MBFs) obtained using self-gated systole (0.64 +/- 0.26
                 ml/min/g), self-gated diastole (0.64 +/- 0.26 ml/min/g),
                 and ECG-gated scans (0.65 +/- 0.28 ml/min/g) were similar.
                 The MBF values
                 estimated from self-gated and gated methods were not
                 significantly different. CONCLUSION: The self-gated
                 technique for quantification of regional myocardial
                 perfusion matched ECG-gated perfusion measurements well in
                 normal subjects at rest. Self-gated systolic perfusion
                 values matched ECG-gated perfusion values better than did
                 diastolic values.",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 21 13:28:46 2015",
  pmcid =        "PMC4325943",
}

@Article{RSM:Lim2015,
  author =       "H.S. Lim and S. Zellerhoff and N. Derval and A. Denis and
                 S. Yamashita and B. Berte and S. Mahida and D. Hooks and
                 N. Aljefairi and A.J. Shah and F. Sacher and M. Hocini and
                 P. Jais and M. Haissaguerre",
  title =        "Noninvasive mapping to guide atrial fibrillation
                 ablation.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "89--98",
  robnote =      "Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a dynamic rhythm. Noninvasive
                 mapping overcomes many previous barriers to mapping such a
                 dynamic rhythm, by providing a beat-to-beat, biatrial,
                 panoramic view of the AF process. Catheter ablation of AF
                 drivers guided by noninvasive mapping has yielded
                 promising clinical results and has advanced understanding
                 of the underlying pathophysiologic processes of this
                 common heart rhythm disorder.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Lim2015a,
  author =       "H.S. Lim and N. Derval and A. Denis and S. Zellerhoff and
                 M. Haissaguerre",
  title =        "Distinct localized reentrant drivers in persistent atrial
                 fibrillation identified by noninvasive mapping: relation
                 to f-wave morphology.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "153--155",
  robnote =      "Noninvasive mapping overcomes previous barriers to
                 provide panoramic beat-to-beat mapping during atrial
                 fibrillation (AF). This article demonstrates the utility
                 of noninvasive mapping in identifying localized driving
                 sources in persistent AF. Reentrant driver activity
                 detected by noninvasive mapping from specific regions
                 correlated with distinct f-wave morphologies. Ablation
                 targeting these drivers resulted in progressive AF cycle
                 length prolongation and termination of the arrhythmia.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Lin2002,
  author =       "G. Lines and J. Sundnes and A. Tveito",
  title =        "A Domain Embedding Strategy for Solving the Bidomain
                 Equations on Complicated Geometries",
  year =         "2002",
  abstract =     "",
  journal =      "Int. J. Bioelectromagn.",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--54",
}

@Article{RSM:Lin2003,
  author =       "G. Lines and M. L. Buist and P. Grottum and A. J.
                 Pullan and J. Sundnes and A. Tveito",
  title =        "Mathematical Models and Numerical Methods for the
                 Forward Problem in Cardiac Electrophysiology",
  year =         "2003",
  URL =          "http://www.simula.no/departments/scientific/.artifacts/cvs2",
  abstract =     "",
  journal =      "Comput. \& Vis. in Sci.",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "215--239",
}

@Article{RSM:Lin2003b,
  author =       "G. Lines and P. Grottum and A. Tveito",
  title =        "Modeling the Electrical Activity of the Heart --{A}
                 Bidomain Model of the Ventricles Embedded in a Torso",
  year =         "2003",
  URL =          "http://www.simula.no/departments/scientific/.artifacts/cvs0",
  abstract =     "In this paper a model for the electrical activity of
                 the heart will be presented and an approach to solve
                 the resulting numerical problem will be suggested. The
                 Bidomain Model is used to compute the spatial
                 distribution of the electrical potential. The partial
                 differential equations are discretized with the finite
                 element method and the multigrid method is used to
                 solve the corresponding linear equations. Adaptivity is
                 applied to resolve the steep gradients in the
                 solution.",
  journal =      "Comput. \& Vis. in Sci.",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "195--213",
}

@Article{RSM:Lin49,
  author =       "G. Ling and R.W. Gerard",
  title =        "The Normal Membrane Potential of Frog Sartorius
                 Fibers.",
  journal =      j-JCP,
  year =         "1949",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "383--396",
  robnote =      "The first reporting of the use of glass
                 microelectrode. thesis, CellPhysiol029",
}

@Article{RSM:Lin88,
  author =       "J.S. Linowes",
  title =        "It's an Attitude",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1988",
  month =        aug,
  pages =        "219--227",
  robnote =      "A way to do object-oriented programming in C. Also a
                 list of resources for C compilers and evelopment
                 tools., CompSoft124",
}

@Article{RSM:Lip89,
  author =       "F. Lippens and P. Savard and M. Shenasa",
  title =        "Performance Degradation of the Coherent Averaging
                 Techniques by a Molding Effect",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "36",
  pages =        "856--858",
  robnote =      "Interesting look at the effect of the template
                 choosing procedure on the quality of the average
                 produced by the software. Montreal group paper.,
                 SigProc009",
}

@Article{RSM:Lit90,
  author =       "F. Litvack and W.S. Grundfest and T. {Segalowitz, J.
                 Papaioanniou} and T. Goldenberg and J. Laudenslager and
                 L. Hestrin and J.S. Forrester and N.A. Eigler and S.
                 Cook",
  title =        "Interventional cardiovascular therapy by laser and
                 thermal angioplasty",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "IV-109--IV-116",
  robnote =      "No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Lit91,
  author =       "L. Littmann and R. H. Svenson and J. J. Gallagher and
                 J. G. Selle and S. H. Zimmern and J. M. Fedor and P. G.
                 Colavita",
  title =        "Functional Role of the Epicardium in Postinfarction
                 Ventricular Tachycardia.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "83",
  pages =        "1577--1591",
  scinote =      "Epicardial, VT, human",
}

@Article{RSM:Liu2005,
  author =       "C. Liu and G. Li and B. He",
  title =        "Localization of the site of origin of reentrant
                 arrhythmia from body surface potential maps: a model
                 study",
  journal =      j-PMB,
  volume =       "50(7)",
  pages =        "1421--1432",
  year =         "2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Liu2012,
  author =       "C. Liu and M.D. Eggen and C.M. Swingen and P.A. Iaizzo
                 and B. He",
  title =        "Noninvasive mapping of transmural potentials during
                 activation in swine hearts from body surface
                 electrocardiograms.",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
  year =         "2012",
  month =        "Sep",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1777--1785",
  robnote =      "The three-dimensional cardiac electrical imaging (3DCEI)
                 technique was previously developed to estimate the
                 initiation site(s) of cardiac activation and activation
                 sequence from the noninvasively measured body surface
                 potential maps (BSPMs). The aim of this study was to
                 develop and evaluate the capability of 3DCEI in mapping
                 the transmural distribution of extracellular potentials
                 and localizing initiation sites of ventricular activation
                 in an in vivo animal model. A control swine model (n = 10)
                 was employed in this study. The heart-torso volume
                 conductor model and the excitable heart model were
                 constructed based on each animal's preoperative MR images
                 and a priori known physiological knowledge. Body surface
                 potential mapping and intracavitary noncontact mapping
                 (NCM) were simultaneously conducted during acute
                 ventricular pacing. The 3DCEI analysis was then applied on
                 the recorded BSPMs. The estimated initiation sites were
                 compared to the precise pacing sites; as a subset of the
                 mapped transmural potentials by 3DCEI, the electrograms on
                 the left ventricular endocardium were compared to the
                 corresponding output of the NCM system. Over the 16 LV and
                 48 RV pacing studies, the averaged localization error was
                 6.1+/-2.3 mm, and the averaged correlation coefficient
                 between the estimated endocardial electrograms by 3DCEI
                 and from the NCM system was 0.62+/-0.09. The results
                 demonstrate that the 3DCEI approach can well localize the
                 sites of initiation of ectopic beats and can obtain
                 physiologically reasonable transmural potentials in an in
                 vivo setting during focal ectopic beats. This study
                 suggests the feasibility of tomographic mapping of 3D
                 ventricular electrograms from the body surface recordings.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 29 09:42:42 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC3874123",
}

@TechReport{RSM:Liu98,
  author =       "D. Liu",
  title =        "Estimation of Potential Gradients on the Heart
                 Surface",
  institution =  "Northeastern University",
  year =         "1998",
  robnote =      "Brooks, Dongpu, cardiac mapping",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 30 13:40:23 1998",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Liv97,
  author =       "Y. Livnat and Johnson C.R.",
  title =        "The effects of adaptive refinement on ill-posed
                 inverse problems",
  note =         "Personal communication",
  year =         "1997",
  robnote =      "First reference to the discussion of optimal mesh for
                 the forward and inverse problem and the finding that
                 what is best for one direction need not be the best for
                 the other",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Loe2001,
  author =       "L. M. Loew",
  title =        "Mechanisms and principles of voltage sensitive
                 fluorescence",
  booktitle =    "Optical mapping of cardiac excitation and
                 arrhythmias",
  editor =       "D. S. Rosenbaum and J. Jalife",
  publisher =    "Futura Publishing",
  address =      "Armonk,NY",
  keywords =     "INCOMPLETE; FLUORESCENCE; FLUORESCENT PROBES; IMAGING;
                 MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; MICROSCOPY; POTENTIOMETRIC PROBES.
                 APPLICATIONS; POTENTIOMETRIC PROBES. MECHANISM; PROBE",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Loe2001a,
  author =       "L. M. Loew and J. C. Schaff",
  title =        "The Virtual Cell: {A} software environment for
                 computational cell biology",
  journal =      "Trends in Biotechnology",
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "401--406",
  keywords =     "MODEL; SIMULATION; VIRTUAL CELL",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Loe2002,
  author =       "L. M. Loew and P. Campagnola and A. Lewis and J. P.
                 Wuskell",
  title =        "Confocal and nonlinear optical imaging of
                 potentiometric dyes",
  journal =      "Methods Cell Biol",
  volume =       "70",
  pages =        "429--52",
  note =         "22401056 0091-679x Journal Article",
  year =         "2002",
}

@Article{RSM:Loe2002a,
  author =       "L. M. Loew",
  title =        "The Virtual Cell project",
  journal =      "Novartis Found Symp",
  volume =       "247",
  pages =        "151--60; discussion 160--1, 198--206, 244--52",
  note =         "22427393 Journal Article",
  abstract =     "The Virtual Cell is a modular computational framework
                 that permits construction of models, application of
                 numerical solvers to perform simulations, and analysis
                 of simulation results. A key feature of the Virtual
                 Cell is that it permits the incorporation of realistic
                 experimental geometries within full 3D spatial models.
                 An intuitive JAVA interface allows access via a web
                 browser and includes options for database access,
                 geometry definition (including directly from microscope
                 images), specification of compartment topology, species
                 definition and assignment, chemical reaction input and
                 computational mesh. The system is designed for cell
                 biologists to aid both the interpretation and the
                 planning of experiments. It also contains sophisticated
                 modelling tools that are appropriate for the needs of
                 mathematical biologists. Thus, communication between
                 these traditionally separate scientific communities can
                 be facilitated. This paper will describe the status of
                 the project and will survey several applications to
                 cell biological problems.",
  year =         "2002",
}

@Article{RSM:Loh86,
  author =       "J. Lohmann",
  title =        "Elektronische Stehbildphotographie und Zukunft der
                 phototechnische Photographie",
  journal =      "Ferns. \& Kino Tech.",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "40",
  pages =        "206--216",
  robnote =      "photography and photograph processing by electronic
                 means at the present and future as seen by a prominent
                 German Agfa engineer., Electronics005",
}

@Article{RSM:Lon79,
  author =       "A. Long and T.D. Clark and R.J. Prance and M.G.
                 Richards",
  title =        "High-performance {UHF} {SQUID} magnetometer",
  journal =      "Rev. Sci. Instrument.",
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "1376--1381",
  robnote =      "SQUID, magnetometer, instrumentation, electronics,
                 ECG046",
}

@Article{RSM:Lon80,
  author =       "A.P. Long and T.D. Clark and R.J. Prance",
  title =        "Veractor Tuned Ultrahigh Frequency {SQUID}
                 Magnetometer",
  journal =      "Rev. Sci. Instrum.",
  year =         "1980",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "8--13",
  robnote =      "SQUID , magnetometer measurements, instrumentation,
                 electronics, ECG045",
}

@Article{RSM:Lon91,
  author =       "P. Long",
  title =        "A woman's heart",
  journal =      "In health",
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "53--58",
  month =        mar,
  robnote =      "user friendly article on womens' hearts",
}

@Article{RSM:Lop2004,
  author =       "F. Lopes da Silva",
  title =        "Functional localization of brain sources using {EEG}
                 and/or {MEG} data: volume conductor and source
                 models.",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Imaging",
  year =         "2004",
  month =        dec,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1533--1538",
  robnote =      "In this overview we examine the basic principles of
                 properties of electroencephalogram and
                 magnetoencephalogram and the corresponding models of
                 sources and of the volume conductor. In particular we
                 show how the dipolar model is anchored in
                 neurophysiological findings and how the different
                 conductivities of the brain and the tissue surrounding
                 it can be estimated. Using these basic models as tools
                 we show how the functional localization of the neural
                 sources of rhythmic activities (alpha and mu rhythms
                 and sleep spindles) and of epileptiform activities can
                 be estimated and integrated with structural data of the
                 brain obtained with MRI.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 17:26:08 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Lop90,
  author =       "F.H. Lopes da Silva",
  title =        "A critical review of clinical applications of
                 topographic mapping of brain potentials.",
  journal =      "J Clin Neurophysiol",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "535--551",
  robnote =      "brain mapping, EEG",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 15 22:08:25 1998",
}

Unpublished{RSM:Mac00,
  author =       "R. MacKenzie",
  title =        "Risk Factors and the Spectrum of Ischemic Heart
                 Disease",
  year =         "unknown",
  robnote =         "Lecture Notes for Med students, this is a nice intro
                 to ischemia and its forms, appearance, numbers,
                 progression and link to coronary artery disease, CAD
                 and atherosclerosis., Ischemia050",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lor2006,
  author =       "L. Lorenzo and R. S. MacLeod and R. T. Whitaker and G.
                 Adluru and E. V. R. DiBella",
  title =        "Level sets and shape models for segmentation of
                 cardiac perfusion {MRI}",
  booktitle =    "SPIE Medical Imaging Symposium",
  address =      "San Diego, CA",
  volume =       "6144",
  pages =        "",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Lor86,
  author =       "M. Lorange and R.M. Gulrajani",
  title =        "Computer Simulation of the {Wolff-Parkinson-White}
                 Preexcitation Syndrome with a Modified
                 Miller-Geselowitz Heart Model",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "33",
  pages =        "862--873",
  robnote =      "Read it!, Arrhythm013",
}

@Article{RSM:Lor87,
  author =       "W.E. Lorensen and H.E. Cline",
  title =        "Marching Cubes: {A} high resolution 3{D} surface
                 construction algorithm",
  journal =      "Computer Graphics",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "163--169",
  month =        jul,
  robnote =      "the original reference? no hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Lor93,
  author =       "M. Lorange and R.M. Gulrajani",
  title =        "A computer heart model incorporating anisotropic
                 propagation",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "245--261",
  month =       "Oct.",
  robnote =      "Part one of a two-article series on their new
                 propagation model, which they place in a torso and
                 generate body surface maps from. The method for
                 propagation is basically an elliptical Huygens
                 principle, with things adjusted to give appropriate
                 conduction velocities. Geometry is from a human heart
                 and they descirbe how they gathered it. Purpose of the
                 model is to compute ECGs so they do not claim to have
                 good details in propagation, just the general idea. To
                 compute ECGs, they replace wavefront with dipole layer
                 and from that, computer the extracellular field.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lot98,
  author =       "J. L{\"o}tj{\"o}nen and P-J. Reissman and I. Magnin
                 and J. Nenonen and T. Katila",
  title =        "A Triangulation method of an arbitrary point set for
                 biomagnetic problems",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans. Magn.",
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "2228",
  robnote =      "A method using a form of marching cubs to create a 3D
                 Veronoi diagram based on geodesic distances. Meshing,
                 triangulation, model building, simulations, forward and
                 inverse solutions, lotjonen",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 20 19:31:22 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Lu94,
  author  = "R. Lu and Y. Luo and J.P. Conte",
  title   = "Reliability evaluation of reinforced concrete beam",
  journal = "Structural Safety",
  volume  = "14",
  issue   = "",
  pages   = "277--298",
  year    = "1994"
}

@Article{RSM:Lub98,
  author =       "A. Lubinski and E. Lewicka-Nowak and M. Kempa and A.M.
                 Baczynska and I. Romanowska and G. Swiatecka",
  title =        "New insight into repolarization abnormalities in
                 patients with congenital long {QT} syndrome: the
                 increased transmural dispersion of repolarization",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "172--175",
  robnote =      "They used the time from Tpeak to Tend as a marker of
                 transmural repolarization differences and compared the
                 reaults from LQTS patients and controls. They found a
                 difference between the two samples, also in the QT
                 interval dispersion. They conclude that spatial and
                 transmural dispersion are both present in LQTS
                 patients., SCOR",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 25 13:08:22 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Lud83,
  author =       "J. Ludbrook",
  title =        "Reflex Control of Blood Pressure During Exercise",
  journal =      "Ann. Rev. Physiol.",
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "155--168",
  robnote =      "Hermann used it during the cardiovascluar course but I
                 haven't studied it at all well as yet., Sports
                 physiology, exercise, Cardiol001",
}

@Article{RSM:Lui97,
  author =       "Z.W. Lui and P.R. Ershler and B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux
                 and D.S. Khoury and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "Noncontact endocardial mapping: Reconstruction of
                 electrocardiograms and isochrones from intracavitary
                 probe potentials.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "415--431",
  robnote =      "endocardial mapping, olive, activation mappsing",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 13 13:36:07 1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Lum2013,
  author =       "J. Lumens and S. Ploux and M. Strik and 3rd Gorcsan J and
                 H. Cochet and N. Derval and M. Strom and C. Ramanathan and
                 P. Ritter and M. Haissaguerre and P. Jais and T. Arts and
                 T. Delhaas and F.W. Prinzen and P. Bordachar",
  title =        "Comparative electromechanical and hemodynamic effects of
                 left ventricular and biventricular pacing in
                 dyssynchronous heart failure: electrical resynchronization
                 versus left-right ventricular interaction.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "Dec",
  volume =       "62",
  number =       "25",
  pages =        "2395--2403",
  robnote =      "OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to enhance
                 understanding of the working mechanism of cardiac
                 resynchronization therapy by comparing animal
                 experimental, clinical, and computational data on the
                 hemodynamic and electromechanical consequences of left
                 ventricular pacing (LVP) and biventricular pacing (BiVP).
                 BACKGROUND: It is unclear why LVP and BiVP have
                 comparative positive effects on hemodynamic function of
                 patients with dyssynchronous heart failure. METHODS:
                 Hemodynamic response to LVP and BiVP (\% change in maximal
                 rate of left ventricular pressure rise [LVdP/dtmax]) was
                 measured in 6 dogs and 24 patients with heart failure and
                 left bundle branch block followed by computer simulations
                 of local myofiber mechanics during LVP and BiVP in the
                 failing heart with left bundle branch block.
                 Pacing-induced changes of electrical activation were
                 measured in dogs using contact mapping and in patients
                 using a noninvasive multielectrode electrocardiographic
                 mapping technique. RESULTS: LVP and BiVP similarly
                 increased LVdP/dtmax in dogs and in patients, but only
                 BiVP significantly decreased electrical dyssynchrony. In
                 the simulations, LVP and BiVP increased total ventricular
                 myofiber work to the same extent. While the LVP-induced
                 increase was entirely due to enhanced right ventricular
                 (RV) myofiber work, the BiVP-induced increase was due to
                 enhanced myofiber work of both the left ventricle (LV) and
                 RV. Overall, LVdP/dtmax correlated better with total
                 ventricular myofiber work than with LV or RV myofiber work
                 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Animal experimental, clinical, and
                 computational data support the similarity of hemodynamic
                 response to LVP and BiVP, despite differences in
                 electrical dyssynchrony. The simulations provide the novel
                 insight that, through ventricular interaction, the RV
                 myocardium importantly contributes to the improvement in
                 LV pump function induced by cardiac resynchronization
                 therapy.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 22:36:21 2015",
  pmcid =        "PMC3985285",
}

@Article{RSM:Lun83,
  author =       "Q.W. Lun and O.Y.J. Zheng",
  title =        "Ein neu entwickeltes mikrocomputer-gestuetztes
                 Messgeraet zur nichtinvasiven Untersuchung menschlicher
                 His-Buendel Signale",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "188--191",
  robnote =      "Non-invasive Recording of Human HIS Bundle Activity
                 Using a Newly Designed Device Aided by a Microcomputer.
                 AV-block, signal averaging, ECG, Electronics012",
}

@Article{RSM:Luo91,
  author =       "C.H. Luo and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "A model of the ventricular cardiac action potential",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1501--1526",
  annote =       "cardiac dynamics, a paper from Hans database and one
                 used in the NSF grant.",
}

@Article{RSM:Luo94,
  author =       "C.H. Luo and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "A Dynamic Model of the Cardiac Ventricular Action
                 Potential: {I}. {S}imulations of Ionic Currents and
                 Concentration Changes.",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1071--1096",
  robnote =      "Luo-Rudy II",
}

@Article{RSM:Luo94b,
  author =       "C.H. Luo and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "A Dynamic Model of the Cardiac Ventricular Action
                 Potential: {II}. {A}fterdepolarizations, Triggered
                 Activity, and Potentiation.",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1097--1113",
  robnote =      "Luo-Rudy II",
}

@Article{RSM:Lus2007,
  author =       "M. Lustig and D. Donoho and J. M. Pauly",
  title =        "Sparse {MRI}: The application of compressed sensing
                 for rapid {MR} imaging",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Med",
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1182--95",
  year =         "2007",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Lux2001,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and M. Akhtar and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Mapping and Invasive Analysis",
  booktitle =    "Foundations of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Basic Concepts and
                 Clinical Approaches",
  publisher =    "Marcel Dekker",
  year =         "2001",
  editor =       "P.M. Spooner and M.R. Rosen",
  chapter =      "15",
  pages =        "393--424",
  robnote =      "NIH book chapter with Bob",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 25 16:27:52 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux78,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and C.R. Smith and R.F. Wyatt and J.A.
                 Abildskov",
  title =        "Limited lead selection for estimation of body surface
                 potential maps in electrocardiography",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "270--276",
  robnote =      "Bob's limited lead set paper, BSPM, mapping, leads",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux79,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and M.J. Burgess and R.F. Wyatt and A.K.
                 Evans and G.M. Vincent and J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "Clinically practical lead systems for improved
                 electrocardiography: {C}omparison with precordial grids
                 and conventional lead systems",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "59",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "356--363",
  robnote =      "BSPM lead system for mapping based on limited lead
                 selection methods. estimation, KL.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux80,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and P.M. Urie and M.J. Burgess and J.A.
                 Abildskov",
  title =        "Variabilty of the body surface distributions of {QRS},
                 {ST-T}, and {QRST} deflection areas with varied
                 activation sequence in dogs.",
  journal =      "Cardiovasc. Res.",
  year =         "1980",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "607--612",
  robnote =      "Very early reference to the invariance of QRST maps
                 with pacing site, this time with doge BSPM maps.
                 Vnetricular gradient",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 19 11:16:48 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux81,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and K. Evans and M.J. Burgess and R.F. Wyatt
                 and J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "Redundancy Reduction for Improved Display and Analysis
                 of Body Surface Potential Maps: {I}. {S}patial
                 Compression",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "49",
  pages =        "186--196",
  robnote =      "One of two articles on compressing BSPM data, here by
                 reducing the number of leads actually stored. Salt Lake
                 paper so read it., BSPM094",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lux84,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and L.S. Green and J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "Statistical Representation and classification of
                 electrocardiographic body surface potential maps",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         "1984",
  pages =        "251--254",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  annote =       "A nice short description of the methods Bob uses to
                 analyze maps via the eigenvector method. BSPM,",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lux87,
  author =       "P.R. Lux and P.R. Ershler",
  title =        "Reducing uncertainty in the measures of cardiac
                 activation and recovery",
  pages =        "1871--1872",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS87,
  year =         "1987",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Part 2 of a set of papers that Bob and Phil presented
                 at Boston meeting. Subject is methods for making
                 isochrones from epicardial mapping data for locating
                 arrhythmias, ARI",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lux89,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and P.R. Ershler and K.P. Anderson and J.W.
                 Mason",
  title =        "Rapid localization of accessory pathways in {WPW}
                 syndrome using unipolar potential mapping",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS89,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1989",
  pages =        "195--196",
  robnote =      "Arrhythmias, epicardial, cardiac mapping",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Lux89b,
  author =       "R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Mapping Techniques",
  booktitle =    "Comprehensive Electrocardiology",
  publisher =    "Pergamon Press",
  address =      "Oxford, England",
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "P.W. Macfarlane and T.D. {Veitch Lawrie}",
  volume =       "2",
  chapter =      "26",
  pages =        "1001--1014",
  robnote =      "Bob's chapter on technical aspects of BSPM, mapping,
                 analysis",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux92,
  author =       "R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Karhunen-{L}oeve Representation of {ECG} data",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "195",
  robnote =      "Nice overview paper of using KL transform to analyze
                 maps.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux93,
  author =       "R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic Mapping: {N}oninvasive
                 electrophysiological cardiac imaging",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1041--1043",
  robnote =      "An editorial comment from Bob on why mapping (BSPM)
                 should be being used a great deal more than it is.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux94,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and L.S. Green and R.S. MacLeod and B.
                 Taccardi",
  title =        "Assessment of spatial and temporal characteristics of
                 ventricular repolarization",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "100--104",
  robnote =      "Bob's paper at the ISCE 1994 meeting",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux95,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Estimating electrocardiographic distributions from
                 small numbers of leads",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "92--98",
  robnote =      "ISCE 95 paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux96,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and P.R. Ershler and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Measuring spatial waves of repolarization in canine
                 ventricles using high resolution epicardial mapping.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "130--134",
  robnote =      "activation mapping, epicardial mapping",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 13 13:30:04 1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux97,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and M.S. Fuller and R.S. MacLeod and P.R.
                 Ershler and L.S. Green and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "{QT} dispersion: {D}ispersion of ventricular
                 repolarization or dispersion of {QT} interval?",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "176--180",
  robnote =      "ISCE 97 paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Lux99,
  author =       "R.L. Lux and M.S. Fuller and R.S. MacLeod and P.R.
                 Ershler and B.B. Punske and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Noninvasive indices of repolarization and its
                 dispersion",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "153--157",
  robnote =      "ISCE 99 paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Lyn68,
  author =       "M.S. Lynn and W.P. Timlake",
  title =        "The Numerical Solution of Singular Integral Equations
                 of Potential Theory",
  journal =      "Numer. Math.",
  year =         "1968",
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "77--98",
  robnote =      "The companion paper to the deflation methods paper by
                 the same authors, this one looks a bit more practically
                 at the solutions of the kind of problems which arise in
                 dipole source calculations. thesis, TorsoModel051",
}

@Article{RSM:Lyn68b,
  author =       "M.S. Lynn and W.P. Timlake",
  title =        "The Use of Multiple Deflations in the Numerical
                 Solution of Singular Systems of Equations, with
                 Applications to Potential Theory",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-NUM,
  year =         "1968",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "303--322",
  robnote =      "The deflation technique used for the dipole solutions
                 to the torso problem. thesis, TorsoModel047",
}

@Book{RSM:Lyn82,
  author =       "P.A. Lynn",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Analysis and Processing of
                 Signals",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "MacMillan",
  address =      "London",
  year =         "1982",
  robnote =      "A nice little book on signal processing. Covers the
                 basics and has been very useful. thesis, NumMath029",
}

@Article{RSM:Lyn94,
  author =       "J.J. Lynch and A.A. Wallace and R.F. Stupienski and
                 E.P. Baskin and C.M. Beare and S.D. Appleby and J.J.
                 Salata and N.K. Jurkiewicz and M.C. Sanguinetti and
                 R.B. Stein",
  title =        "Cardiac electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic actions
                 of two long-acting spirobenzopyran piperidine class
                 {III} agents, {L}-702,958 and {L}-706,000 [{MK}-499].",
  journal =      "J Pharmacol Exp Ther",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "269",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "541--54",
  robnote =      "In anesthetized dogs, L-702,958 and L-706,000 [MK-499]
                 increased ventricular refractory periods (ED20 values,
                 3.3 and 9.2 micrograms/kg i.v., respectively) and
                 concomitantly increased ECG QT interval and left
                 ventricular+dP/dt. Cumulative i.v.administrations of up
                 to 100 micrograms/kg of L-702,958 and 300 micrograms/kg
                 L-706,000 [MK-499] in anesthetized dogs increased
                 atrial and ventricular refractoriness and prolonged the
                 ECG QT interval, but did not alter atrial,
                 atrioventricular nodal, His-Purkinje or ventricular
                 conduction indices. LQTS, No hard copy, but note that
                 Mike S. is co-author",
}

@Book{RSM:MRG2007,
  author = 	 "Millennium Research Group",
  title = 	 "U.S. markets for Electrophysiology Mapping and
		  Ablation Devices 2008",
  publisher = 	 "Millennium Research Group, Inc. ",
  year = 	 "2007",
  address =	 "Toronto, Canada",
  robnote = 	 "Evaluation of EP market for Afib project via Surgivision",
  bibdate = 	 "Mon Jan 18 20:58:18 2010"
}

@Article{RSM:Maa2017,
  author =       "S.A. Maas and G.A. Ateshian and J.A. Weiss",
  title =        "FEBio: History and Advances.",
  journal =      "Annu Rev Biomed Eng",
  year =         "2017",
  month =        "Jun",
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "279--299",
  robnote =      "The principal goal of the FEBio project is to provide an
                 advanced finite element tool for the biomechanics and
                 biophysics communities that allows researchers to model
                 mechanics, transport, and electrokinetic phenomena for
                 biological systems accurately and efficiently. In
                 addition, because FEBio is geared toward the research
                 community, the code is designed such that new features can
                 be added easily, thus making it an ideal tool for testing
                 novel computational methods. Finally, because the success
                 of a code is determined by its user base, integral goals
                 of the FEBio project have been to offer support and
                 outreach to our community; to provide mechanisms for
                 dissemination of results, models, and data; and to
                 encourage interaction between users. This review presents
                 the history of the FEBio project, from its initial
                 developments through its current funding period. We also
                 present a glimpse into the future of FEBio.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 10:43:08 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC6141040",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Mac2000,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Validation Approaches for Electrocardiographic Inverse
                 Problems",
  booktitle =    "Computational Inverse Problems in
                 Electrocardiography",
  publisher =    "WIT Press",
  year =         "2001",
  editor =       "Peter Johnston",
  pages =        "229--268",
  address =      "Ashurst, UK",
  robnote =      "Validation chapter for Peter Johnston",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 05 21:48:34 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac2000a,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and Q. Ni and B. Punske and P.R. Ershler
                 and B. Yilmaz and B. Taccardi.",
  title =        "Effects of Heart Position on the Body-Surface {ECG}",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2000",
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "(supp)",
  pages =        "229--238",
  month =       "Feb.",
  robnote =      "ISCE conference paper",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 29 15:36:08 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac2001,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B. Punske and S. Shome and B. Yilmaz
                 and B. Taccardi.",
  title =        "The Role of Heart Rate and Coronary Flow During
                 Myocardial Ischemia",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "34(supp)",
  pages =        "43--51",
  robnote =      "ISCE conference paper",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 29 15:36:08 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac2001a,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B. Yilmaz and B. Taccardi and B.B.
                 Punske and Y. Serinagaoglu and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Direct and inverse methods for cardiac mapping using
                 multielectrode catheter measurements",
  journal =      "Biomed. Technik",
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "46(supp)",
  pages =        "207--209",
  robnote =      "NFSI paper",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 20 18:55:17 2001",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Mac2002,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and Q. Ni and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Modeling Cardiac Bioelectricity in Realistic Volumes:
                 How Real is Real?",
  booktitle =    "Einthoven 2002",
  publisher =    "Einthoven Society",
  year =         "2002",
  address =    "Leiden, The Netherlands",
  editor =       "M.J. Schalij and M.J. Janse and A. van Oosterom and
                 H.J.J. Wellens and E.E. van der Wall",
  pages =        "45--56",
  robnote =      "Einthoven conference paper in a nice book",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 14 22:18:46 2002",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2002a,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B.B. Punske and S. Shome and B.
                 Yilmaz and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Electric Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia",
  booktitle =    "International Congress on Electrocardiology Workshop
                 on Myocardiacl Ischemia",
  year =         "2002",
  organization = "International Society of Electrocardiology",
  robnote =      "",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 21 15:56:12 2002",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2003,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and Y. Serina{\~{g}}ao{\~{g}}lu and D.H.
                 Brooks",
  title =        "Imposing Multiple Constraints in Electrocardiographic
                 Inverse Problems",
  booktitle =    "Applied Inverse Problems Conference",
  year =         "2003",
  organization = "Institute for Pure \& Applied Mathematics",
  robnote =      "",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 03 09:40:46 2003",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2004a,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and D.M. Weinstein and J. Davison de St.
                 Germain and D.H. Brooks and C.R. Johnson and S.G.
                 Parker",
  title =        "{SCIRun/BioPSE}: {I}ntegrated problem solving
                 environment for bioelectric field problems and
                 visualization",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Intl. Symp. Biomed. Imag. (ISBI)",
  year =         "2004",
  address = "Arlington, VA, USA",
  organization = "IEEE",
  pages =         "1-3",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 27 14:28:46 2004",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac2005,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and S. Shome and J.G. Stinstra and B.B.
                 Punske and B. Hopenfeld",
  title =        "Mechanisms of Ischemia-Induced {ST}-Segment Changes",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2005",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "8--13",
  robnote =      "ISCE talk",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 06 14:50:25 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac2005a,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and F. Kornreich and A. van Oosterom and P.
                 Rautaharju and R. Selvester and G. Wagner and C. Zywietz",
  title =        "Report of the first virtual visualization of the
                 reconstructed electrocardiographic display symposium.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2005",
  month =        "Oct",
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "385--399",
  robnote =      "In August 2004, a group of scientists and clinicians with
                 a deep interest in electrocardiography met to discuss the
                 present and future of the electrocardiogram as an imaging
                 modality. Motivated by a set of challenges to the field,
                 they each presented and discussed their ideas about the
                 basic electrophysiology, the computational approaches
                 required, and the clinical state of the art and where it
                 might go in the future. In this paper, we present a
                 summary of these presentations and discussions, starting
                 with a statement of the challenges and a motivating case
                 study that illustrates the inadequacies of
                 electrocardiography as it is current practiced. Following
                 this introduction are overviews of the present state of
                 the inverse problem of electrocardiography and the
                 underlying assumptions of this form of simulation and
                 modeling. We conclude with a summary of the needs that we
                 feel must be addressed to achieve the full potential of
                 electrically based imaging of the heart.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 11 15:13:35 2019",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac2005b,
  author =       "M.C. MacLachlan and J. Sundnes and G.T. Lines",
  title =        "Simulation of {ST} Segment Changes During
                 Subendocardial Ischemia Using a Realistic 3-{D} Cardiac
                 Geometry",
  year =         "2005",
  abstract =     "",
  journal =      j-BME,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "799--807",
  pmid =         "15887529",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2007,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and N.F. Marrouche and D.L. Parker and
                 R.S. Oakes and E.G. Khoumovksi and R. Fish and J.E.
                 Blauer and M. Deccarett and N.M. Segerson and E.V.R.
                 DiBella and C.J. McGann",
  title =        "Multimodal Imaging for Diagnosis and Treatment of
                 Atrial Fibrillation",
  booktitle =    "UCAIR Symposium",
  year =         "2007",
  address =      "Salt Lake City, UT",
  robnote =      "afib Imaging symposium--invited plenary talk",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 03 12:35:10 2008",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2007a,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and N.F. Marrouche and D.L. Parker and
                 R.S. Oakes and E.G. Khoumovksi and R. Fish and J.E.
                 Blauer and M. Deccarett and N.M. Segerson and E.V.R.
                 DiBella and C.J. McGann",
  title =        "Image Processing/Analysis to Facilitate Atrial
                 Ablation",
  booktitle =    "Western Atrial Fibrillation Symposium",
  year =         "2007",
  address =      "Park City, UT",
  robnote =      "Afib symposium in Canyons",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 03 12:35:10 2008",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2008,
  author = 	 "R.S. MacLeod and E. Kholmovski and E.V.R. DiBella
		  and R.S Oakes and J.E. Blauer and E. Fish and
		  S. Vijayakumar and M. Daccarett and
		  N.M. Segerson and N.F. Marrouche",
  title = 	 "Integration of {MRI} in Evaluation and Ablation of
		  Atrial Fibrillation",
  booktitle = 	 "Computers in Cardiology",
  year = 	 "2008",
  editor =	 "A. Murray",
  volume =	 "35",
  pages =	 "77--80",
  organization = "Computers in Cardiology",
  publisher =	 "IEEE Press",
  robnote = 	 "afib CinC paper on AF",
  bibdate = 	 "Sun Apr 26 14:06:35 2009"
}

@Article{RSM:Mac2009,
  author =       "R.S. Macleod and J.G. Stinstra and S. Lew and R.T.
                 Whitaker and D.J. Swenson and M.J. Cole and J. Kruger and
                 D.H. Brooks and C.R. Johnson",
  title =        "Subject-specific, multiscale simulation of
                 electrophysiology: a software pipeline for image-based
                 models and application examples.",
  journal =      "Phil. Trans. Royal Soc.",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Jun",
  volume =       "367",
  number =       "1896",
  pages =        "2293--2310",
  robnote =      "Many simulation studies in biomedicine are based on a
                 similar sequence of processing steps, starting from images
                 and running through geometric model generation, assignment
                 of tissue properties, numerical simulation and
                 visualization of the results-a process known as
                 image-based geometric modelling and simulation. We present
                 an overview of software systems for implementing such a
                 sequence both within highly integrated problem-solving
                 environments and in the form of loosely integrated
                 pipelines. Loose integration in this case indicates that
                 individual programs function largely independently but
                 communicate through files of a common format and support
                 simple scripting, so as to automate multiple executions
                 wherever possible. We then describe three specific
                 applications of such pipelines to translational biomedical
                 research in electrophysiology.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 17:26:38 2009",
  pmcid =        "PMC2696107",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2010,
  author = 	 "R.S. MacLeod and D.H. Brooks and M. Steffen
                  and B. Erem and D.J. Swenson and J. Stinstra",
  title = 	 "Integrated Software Toolkit for Solving Bioelectric
                  Field Problems",
  booktitle = 	 "Computers in Cardiology 2010",
  year = 	 2010,
  editor = 	 "A. Murray",
  robnote = 	 "CinC paper on meshing",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2010a,
  author = 	 "R.S. MacLeod and D.J. Swenson and J.G. Stinstra and
                  M. Steffen and D.H.B. Brooks and R.T. Whitaker and and
                  C.R. Johnson",
  title = 	 " The {U}tah integrated environment for image based modeling,
                  simulation, and visualization",
  booktitle = "Virtual Physiological Human 2010",
  pages = 	 "235--237",
  year = 	 2010,
  organization = "VPH"}

@InCollection{RSM:Mac2010b,
  author = 	 "R.S. MacLeod and M. Buist",
  editor = 	 "P.W. Macfarlane and A. van Oosterom and O. Pahlm and
                  P. Kligfield and M. Janse and J. Camm",
  booktitle = 	 "Comprehensive Electrocardiology",
  title = 	 "The Forward Problem of Electrocardiography",
  publisher = 	 "Springer Verlag",
  pages =        "247--298",
  address = "London, UK",
  year = 	 2010,
  Robnote = 	 "Review chapter on the forward problem"
}

@Book{RSM:Mac2010c,
  editor = 	 "P.W. Macfarlane and A. van Oosterom and O. Pahlm and
                  P. Kligfield and M. Janse and J. Camm",
  title = 	 "Comprehensive Electrocardiology",
  publisher = 	 "Springer Verlag",
  address = "London, UK",
  year = 	 2010,
  Robnote = 	 "Review chapter on the forward problem"
}

@InCollection{RSM:Mac2011,
  author = 	 "R.S. MacLeod and J.J.E. Blauer",
  title = 	 "Atrial Fibrillation",
  booktitle = 	 "Multimodal Cardiovascular Imaging: Principles and Clinical
                  Applications",
  publisher = "McGraw Hill",
  year = 	 2011,
  editor = 	 "O. Pahlm and G. Wagner",
  Robnote = 	 "Book chapter in imaging book for Galen"
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac2012,
  author = 	 "R.S. MacLeod and J. Blauer and R. Ranjan and N.A. Trayanova,
                  K. McDowell and G. Plank. ",
  title = 	 "Subject specific, image based analysis and modeling in
                  patients with atrial fibrillation from MRI.",
  booktitle =    "International Society for Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)",
  year = 	 2012,
  Robnote = 	 "ISBI presentation on AF processing pipeline"
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Mac73,
  author =       "E. Macchi",
  title =        "Digital Computer Simulation of the Atrial Electrical
                 Excitation Cycle in Man",
  school =       "Dalhousie University",
  address =      "Halifax, N.S.",
  year =         "1973",
  robnote =      "Emilio's thesis, Prop055",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Mac79,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Aquisition and Computer Processing of Noisy Periodic
                 Signals",
  year =         "1979",
  robnote =         "Just a few notes about the MagPack data processing
                 system as we had it running in 1979, these were
                 supposed to be the basis of part of Reino's talk at
                 Computers in Cardiology., ECG028",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Mac85,
  author =       "C.E. MacAulay and G. Stroink and B.M.
                 Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Signal Analysis of Magnetocardiograms and
                 Electrocardiograms to test their Independence",
  booktitle =    "Biomagnetism Applications and Theory",
  editor =       "Erne",
  publisher =    "Pergamon Press",
  address =      "Oxford, England",
  year =         "1985",
  pages =        "115--120",
  robnote =      "MCG, shielded room, Dal, eigenfunction analysis of the
                 MCG and ECG maps, ECG043",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Mac85b,
  author =       "C. MacAulay and G. Stroink and B.M. Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Analysis of {MCG} Spatial Maps during the {P}-{R}
                 Interval",
  year =         "1985",
  robnote =         "A paper Gerhard presented at a couple of conferences I
                 believe, MCG, shielded room, Dal, ECG042",
}

@MastersThesis{RSM:Mac85c,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Signal Verz{\"o}gerung in der {T}ontechnik --
                 {E}ntwicklung eines digitalen
                 {V}erz{\"o}gerungsger{\"a}tes mit {D}eltamodulatoren",
  school =       "Technische Universit{\"a}t Graz",
  year =         "1985",
  address =      "Graz, Austria",
  robnote =      "My Diplom thesis from Austria",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac86,
  author =       "R.G. Macdonald and J.A. Hill and R.L. Friedman",
  title =        "{ST-S}egment Response to Acute Coronary Occlusion:
                 {C}oronary Hemodynamics and Angiographic Determinants
                 of Direction of {ST}-Segment Shift",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "978--979",
  robnote =      "Thesis, another PTCA, Bob Macdonald paper, ST segment
                 shifts., Ischemia086",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Mac87,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Body Surface Potential Mapping in der
                 Electrokardiographie",
  robnote =         "Institut f{\"u}r Medizinische Physik und Biophysik,
                 Graz, Austria",
  year =         "1987",
  month =        "",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Mac87b,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and H. Windisch and M{\"u}ller W.",
  title =        "A refined system to detect cardiac spread of
                 excitation by optical means",
  robnote =         "Workshop on the Technical Aspects of Cardiac Mapping,
                 Halifax, Nova Scotia",
  year =         "1987",
  month =        jun,
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac88,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B.K. Hoyt and P.J. MacInnis and R.V.
                 Potter and B.M. Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "A Body Surface Potential Mapping Unit for Recording
                 During Coronary Angioplasty",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS88,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "97--98",
  robnote =      "The paper I presented in New Orleans. thesis,
                 BSPM097",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Mac88b,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Computers in the medical workplace",
  note =         "3rd Annual AGM and Seminar of the Canadian Association
                 of Cardio-Pulmonary Technologists, Halifax, Nova
                 Scotia",
  year =         "1988",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Mac90,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty as a
                 Model of Cardiac Ischemia: Clinical and Modelling
                 Studies",
  school =       "Dalhousie University",
  year =         "1990",
  address =      "Halifax, N.S., Canada",
  month =        "",
  robnote =      "my PhD thesis, forward/inverse solution, BSPM, PTCA",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac90b,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B.M. Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek and M.J.
                 Gardner",
  title =        "Hochaufl{\"o}sende {EKG}-{M}apping-{V}erfahren f{\"u}r
                 {U}ntersuchungen w{\"a}hrend der {K}oronardilitation",
  booktitle =    "Biomedizinische Technik -- 15. Jahrestagung der
                 {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r
                 Biomedizinische Technik",
  year =         "1990",
  address =      "Innsbruck, Austria",
  robnote =      "Conference in Austria for biomedical engineering.
                 forward/inverse solutions, PTCA, BSPM",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac90c,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and M.J. Gardner and R.G. MacDonald and
                 M.A. Henderson and R.M. Miller and B.M.
                 Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Validation of an electrocardiographic inverse solution
                 using percutanteous transluminal coronary angioplasty",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS90,
  year =         "1990",
  pages =        "533--534",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Paper from thesis present in Philadelphia,
                 forward/inverse solution, PTCA, BSPM",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac90d,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and M.J. Gardner and B.M.
                 Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Body surface mapping of angioplasty induced ischemia",
  journal =      "J. Mol. \& Cell. Cardiol.",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "S86",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Mac90e,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Von der Brust zur {H}erzoberfl{\"a}che -- eine
                 {L}{\"o}sung des {R}{\"u}ckw{\"a}rtsproblems in der
                 {E}lektrokardiographie",
  note =         "Institut f{\"u}r Biomedizinische Technik, Technische
                 Universit{\"a}t Graz, Graz, Austria",
  year =         "1990",
  month =        jun,
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Mac90f,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Koronardilatation als Modell f{\"u}r Isch{\"a}mie im
                 Menschen",
  note =         "Institut f{\"u}r Medizinsche Physik und Biophysik,
                 Universit{\"a}t Graz, Graz, Austria",
  year =         "1990",
  month =        jun,
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac91,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and C.R. Johnson and P.R. Ershler",
  title =        "Construction of an inhomogeneous model of the human
                 torso for use in computational electrocardiography",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS91,
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "688--689",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Paper from Orlando, forward/inverse, torso,
                 triangularization",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac92c,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and C.R. Johnson and M.A. Matheson",
  title =        "Visualization tools for computational
                 electrocardiography",
  booktitle =    "Visualization in Biomedical Computing",
  editors =      "Robb, Richard A.",
  year =         "1992",
  publisher =    "Proceedings of the SPIE \#1808",
  address =      "Bellingham, Wash.",
  pages =        "433--444",
  robnote =      "discussiong of visualization but also the mesh
                 generation phase of the geometric model construction,
                 includes lacing algorithm",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac92d,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and C.R. Johnson and M.A. Matheson",
  title =        "Visualization of cardiac bioelectricity --- a case
                 study",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IEEE Visualization 92",
  year =         "1992",
  publisher =    "IEEE CS Press",
  pages =        "411--418",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac92e,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and C.R. Johnson and M.J. Gardner and
                 B.M. Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Localization of Ischemia during Coronary Angioplasty
                 using Body Surface Potential Mapping and an
                 Electrocardiographic Inverse Solution",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         "1992",
  pages =        "251--254",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac92f,
  author =       "E. Macchi and G. Arisi and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Identification of ectopic ventricular foci by means of
                 intracavity potential mapping: {A} proposed method",
  journal =      "Acta Cardiologica",
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "XLVII",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "421--433",
  robnote =      "Emilio's article using a quadropole as a discrete
                 source and infinte medium potentials at the site of the
                 endocardial olive electrodes to predict the location of
                 pacing from ectopic beats.",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac93,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and C.R. Johnson and M.A. Matheson",
  title =        "Visualizing Bioelectric Fields",
  journal =      j-CGA,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--12",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac93a,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and C.R. Johnson",
  title =        "Map3d: {I}nteractive scientific visualization for
                 bioengineering data.",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS93,
  year =         "1993",
  pages =        "30--31",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  note =         "http://software.sci.utah.edu/map3d.html",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac93b,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and R.L. Lux and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Translation of body surface maps between different
                 electrode configurations using a three-dimensional
                 interpolation scheme",
  booktitle =    "Electrocardiology '93: Proceedings of the
                 International Congress on Electrocardiology, XXth
                 Annual Meeting",
  year =         "1993",
  editor =       "P.W. MacFarlane",
  pages =        "179--182",
  publisher =    "World Scientific, Singapore",
  robnote =      "My interpolation paper done with data from the torso
                 tank. Laplacian smoothing",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac94c,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and D.H. Brooks and H. On and H. Krim and
                 R.L. Lux and F. Kornreich",
  title =        "Analysis of {PTCA}-induced ischemia using both an
                 electrocardiographic inverse solution and the wavelet
                 transform.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "90--96",
  robnote =      "Our first wavelet paper, presented at the ISCE meeting
                 in Santa Barbara",
}

@TechReport{RSM:Mac94d,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and P.R. Ershler and C.R. Johnson and
                 M.A. Matheson",
  title =        "Map3d: Scientific visualization program for
                 multichannel time series data on unstructured,
                 three-dimensional meshes. Program User's Guide",
  institution =  "University of Utah, Department of Computer Science",
  year =         "1994",
  number =       "UUCS-94-016",
}

@TechReport{RSM:Mac94e,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and C.R. Johnson and P.R. Ershler",
  title =        "Construction of a human torso model from magnetic
                 resonance images for problems in computational
                 electrocardiography.",
  institution =  "University of Utah, Department of Computer Science",
  year =         "1994",
  number =       "UUCS-94-017",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac94f,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "The influence of torso inhomogeneities on epicardial
                 potentials",
  pages =        "793--796",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         "1994",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  robnote =      "Paper on the effects of hanging the balloons in the
                 torso tank on epicardial potentials. First publication
                 of this data. Important for forward and inverse
                 problems.",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac95,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and R.M. Miller and M.J. Gardner and B.M.
                 Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Application of an electrocardiographic inverse
                 solution to localize myocardial ischemia during
                 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "2--18",
  robnote =      "a paper from the thesis on inverse solution, applied
                 to results from PTCA study.",
}

@Misc{RSM:Mac95a,
  author =       "Rob MacLeod",
  title =        "Mapop: paradigm for a new map software strategy for
                 the {CVRTI}",
  year =         "1995",
  month =        nov,
  annote =       "a good summary of how mapping data are collected,
                 processed and visualized. ROK-thesis",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac95c,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Errors in Electrocardiographic Parameter Estimation
                 from Standard Leadsets",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "98--103",
  robnote =      "ISCE95 paper",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac95d,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic Mapping in a Realistic Torso Tank
                 Preparation",
  pages =        "245--246",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS95,
  year =         "1995",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac95e,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Mapping of Cardiac Ischemia in a Realistic Torso Tank
                 Preparation",
  pages =        "76--77",
  editors =      "A. van Oosterom and T.J. Oostendorp and G.J.H. Uijen",
  booktitle =    "Building Bridges: International Congress on
                 Electrocardiology International Meeting",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac96,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and R.L. Lux and M.S. Fuller and B.
                 Taccardi",
  title =        "Evaluation of Novel Measurement Methods for Detecting
                 Heterogeneous Repolarization",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "145--153",
  robnote =      "ISCE96 paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac97,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and R.L. Lux and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "A possible mechanism for electrocardiographically
                 silent changes in cardiac repolarization",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "114--121",
  month =          "Apr.",
  robnote =      "ISCE97 paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac97b,
  author =       "E. Macchi and M. Cavalieri and D. Still and E. Musso
                 and S. Baruffi and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Epicardial potential response to current stimulation
                 in small mammalian hearts",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =      "Describes the electrode system Emilio developed to
                 measure epicardial potentials from small hearts, in
                 this case the rat. Uses the same basic idea as we use
                 on the dog hearts, just in miniature; spacing was .5
                 mm",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 20:42:38 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac98,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Recent Progress in Inverse Problems in
                 Electrocardiology",
  journal =      "IEEE Eng. in Med. \& Biol. Soc. Magazine",
  year =         "1998",
  month =        jan,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--83",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 24 23:54:28 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Mac98b,
  author =       "R.S. Macleod and R.O. Kuenzler and B. Taccardi and
                 R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Estimation of Epicardial Activation Maps from
                 Multielectrode Venous Catheter Measurements",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "595",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 12 12:06:30 1998",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mac98c,
  author =       "R.S. MacLeod and Q. Ni and R.O. Kuenzler and B.
                 Taccardi and R.L. Lux and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cardiac Electrical
                 Activity",
  booktitle =    "The Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals,
                 Systems, and Comptuters",
  year =         "1998",
  editor =       "M.B. Matthews",
  pages =        "309--313",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Asilomar paper",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 09 10:22:51 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Mad2008,
  Author	= "M. Maddah and W. Grimson and S. Warfield and W. Wells",
  Title		= "A unified framework for clustering and quantitative
		  analysis of white matter fiber tracts",
  Year		= 2008,
  Month		= 04,
  Abstract	= "We present a novel approach for joint clustering and
                   point-by-point mapping of white matter fiber pathways.
		   Knowledge of the point correspondence along the fiber
		   pathways is not only necessary for accurate  clustering of
		   the trajectories into fiber bundles, but also crucial for
		   any tract-oriented quantitative analysis. We employ an
		   expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to cluster the
		   trajectories in a gamma mixture model context. The result of
		   clustering is the probabilistic assignment of the fiber
		   trajectories to each cluster, an estimate of the cluster
		   parameters, i.e. spatial mean and variance, and point
		   correspondences. The fiber bundles are modeled by the mean
		   trajectory and its spatial variation. Point-by-point
		   correspondence of the trajectories within a bundle is
		   obtained by constructing a distance map and a label map from
		   each cluster center at every iteration of the EM
		   algorithm. This offers a time-efficient alternative to
		   pairwise curve matching of all trajectories with respect to
		   each cluster center. The proposed method has the potential
		   to benefit from an anatomical atlas of fiber tracts by
		   incorporating it as prior information in the EM
		   algorithm. The algorithm is also capable of handling
		   outliers in a principled way. The presented results confirm
		   the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed framework
		   for quantitative analysis of diffusion tensor MRI.",
  journal	= "Med Image Anal",
  Pubmed	= "18180197",
  Keywords	= "Projects:DTIModeling",
}

@Article{RSM:Mah2002,
  author =       "H. Mahrholdt and A. Wagner and T. A. Holly and M. D.
                 Elliott and R. O. Bonow and R. J. Kim and R. M. Judd",
  title =        "Reproducibility of chronic infarct size measurement by
                 contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "2322--7",
  year =         "2002",
}

@Article{RSM:Mah2010,
  author =       "C. Mahnkopf and T.J. Badger and N.S. Burgon and M.
                 Daccarett and T.S. Haslam and C.T. Badger and C.J. McGann
                 and N. Akoum and E. Kholmovski and R.S. MacLeod and N.F.
                 Marrouche",
  title =        "Evaluation of the left atrial substrate in patients with
                 lone atrial fibrillation using delayed-enhanced MRI:
                 implications for disease progression and response to
                 catheter ablation.",
  journal =      j-HR,
  year =         "2010",
  month =        "Oct",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1475--1481",
  robnote =      "afib BACKGROUND: Lone atrial fibrillation (AF) is thought to
                 be a benign type or an early stage of the disease.
                 OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare the left atrium
                 (LA) substrate using delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance
                 imaging (DE-MRI) in patients with lone AF versus those
                 with comorbidities. METHODS: Forty of 333 included
                 patients met criteria for lone AF. All patients underwent
                 DE-MRI to quantify atrial fibrosis as a marker for
                 structural remodeling (SRM) and underwent catheter
                 ablation. Based on the degree of SRM, patients were staged
                 into 4 groups: Utah I (</=5\% LA wall enhancement), Utah
                 II (>5\% to </=20\%), Utah III (>20\% to </=35\%), or Utah
                 IV (>35\%). RESULTS: Distribution in Utah I to IV was
                 comparable in patients with lone AF and non-lone AF. In
                 both groups, a number of patients showed extensive SRM.
                 Mean enhancement (14.08 +/- 8.94 vs. 16.94 +/- 11.37) was
                 not significantly different between the 2 groups (P =
                 .0721). In the lone AF group, catheter ablation was
                 successful in suppressing AF in all of Utah I, 81.82\% of
                 Utah II, 62.5\% of Utah III, and none of Utah IV patients.
                 Similar results were achieved in the non-lone AF group.
                 Outcome after ablation was significantly dependent on the
                 SRM of the LA (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The degree of LA
                 structural remodeling as detected using DE-MRI is
                 independent of AF type and associated comorbidities.
                 Selecting appropriate treatment candidates based on the
                 quality and quantity of atrial fibrosis using DE-MRI would
                 improve procedural outcome and avoid unnecessary
                 intervention.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 30 08:45:59 2010",
  pmcid =        "PMC3106345",
}

@Article{RSM:Mai75,
  author =       "S. Maitra and S. Zucker",
  title =        "A Concise Parametric Representation of
                 Electrocardiograms",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "22",
  pages =        "350--355",
  robnote =      "Data reduction by representing the ECG as a
                 combination of a limited set of template functions, I
                 guess a sort of transformation problem., ECG023",
}

@Article{RSM:Mak92,
  author =       "M. Makijarvi and J. Nenonen and M. Leinio and J.
                 Montonen and L. Toivonen and M.S. Nieminen and T.
                 Katila and P. Siltanen",
  title =        "Localization of accessory pathways in
                 {W}olff-{P}arkinson-{W}hite syndrome by high-resolution
                 magnetocardiographic mapping",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "143--155",
  robnote =      "A report on using MCG inverse solutions to detect site
                 of accessory pathway. Results were between 2.3 and 7.3
                 cm difference between predicted and actual.",
}

@Article{RSM:Mal87,
  author =       "I. Malitz",
  title =        "The Turing Machine",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1987",
  month =        nov,
  pages =        "345--357",
  robnote =      "A desription of the turing machine computer.,
                 CompSoft082",
}

@Article{RSM:Mal89,
  OPTcrossref =  "",
  OPTkey =       "",
  author =       "S.G. Mallat",
  title =        "A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The
                 Wavelet Representation",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell.",
  year =         "1989",
  OPTvolume =    "11",
  OPTnumber =    "7",
  OPTpages =     "",
  OPTmonth =     "July",
  robnote =      "A tutorial article on wavelts from Dana.",
  OPTannote =    "",
}

@Article{RSM:Mal92,
  author =       "S.G. Mallat and S. Zhong",
  title =        "Characterization of signals from multiscale edges",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intell.",
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "710--732",
  robnote =      "major article on wavelets",
}

@Article{RSM:Mal94,
  author =       "G. Malfatto and G. Beria and S. Sala and O. Bonazzi
                 and P.J. Schwartz",
  title =        "Quantitative analysis of {T} wave abnormalities and
                 their prognostic implications in the idiopathic long
                 {QT} syndrome.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "296--301",
  robnote =      "Look at QT intervals and presence of T wave
                 abnormalities in long QT patients. They define a lead
                 prevalence index which is the product of lead number
                 and presence is divided by sum of the leads with
                 abnormalities. T wave abnormalities are considered
                 notched and byphasic T waves. SCOR",
}

@Book{RSM:Mal95,
  author =       "J. Malmivuo",
  title =        "Bioelectromagnetism : {P}rinciples and applications of
                 bioelectric and biomagnetic fields",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  year =         "1995",
  address =      "New York",
  robnote =      "Jakko's book on bioelectric phenomena",
}

@Article{RSM:Man91,
  author =       "D.T. Mangano and M Hollenberg and G. Fegert and L.
                 Meyer and M.J. London and J.F. Tubau and W.C. Krupski",
  title =        "Perioperative myocardial ischemia in patents
                 undergoing noncardiac surgery---{I}: {I}ncidence and
                 severity during the 4 day perioperative period",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "843--850",
  robnote =      "Another Mangano paper on perioperative ischemia",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 31 16:41:16 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Man94,
  author =       "A.S. Manolis and P.J. Wang and N.A. {Estes III}",
  title =        "Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Cardiac
                 Tachyarrhythmias.",
  journal =      j-AIM,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "121",
  pages =        "452--461",
  key =          "ablation. ROK-thesis",
  annote =       "RF Ablation, Tachycardia",
}

@Article{RSM:Man94a,
  author =       "DT Mangano",
  title =        "Beyond {CK-MB}: {B}iochemical markers for
                 perioperative myocardial infarction",
  journal =      "Anesthes.",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1317--1320",
  robnote =      "An editorial about an article on troponine as a marker
                 for ischemia in paients during surgery. Gives a nice
                 summary of the state of the art in biochemical markers
                 for ischemia. Tropoinine looks prmising, but numbers
                 still too small at that time to be sure of its actual
                 sensitivity.",
}

@Article{RSM:Man95,
  author =       "DT Mangano",
  title =        "Preoperative risk assessment: {M}any studies, few
                 solutions. {I}s a cardiac risk assessment paradigm
                 possible?",
  journal =      "Anesthesiology",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "83",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "897--901",
  robnote =      "A nice compact review from Mangano -- good starting
                 point to read about perioperative ischemia",
}

@Article{RSM:Man96,
  author =       "K. Man and E. Daoud and B. Knight and R. Weiss and M.
                 Bahu and M. Harvery and R. Goyal and F. Bogun and S.
                 Strickberger and F. Morady",
  title =        "Right atrial {RF} catheter ablation of paroxysmal
                 atrial fibrillation",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "768",
  robnote =      "atrial fib refer from Mike",
}

@Article{RSM:Man96b,
  author =       "D.T. Mangano and E.L. Layug and A. Wallace and I.
                 Tateo",
  title =        "Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular
                 morbidity after noncardiac surgery",
  journal =      j-NEJM,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "335",
  number =       "23",
  pages =        "1713--1719",
  month =        "May",
  robnote =      "Documents a reduction in mortality by applying beta
                 blockers to patients before and after surgery. This one
                 put the final nail in the coffin of the mapping of
                 interaoperative ischemia idea.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 31 15:36:29 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Mar2002,
  author =       "N.F. Marrouche and T. Dresing and C. Cole and D. Bash
                 and E. Saad and K. Balaban and S.V. Pavia and R.
                 Schweikert and W. Saliba and A. Abdul-Karim and E.
                 Pisano and R. Fanelli and P. Tchou and A. Natale",
  title =        "Circular mapping and ablation of the pulmonary vein
                 for treatment of atrial fibrillation: impact of
                 different catheter technologies.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "464--474",
  robnote =      "afib OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to compare the
                 efficacy and safety of different catheter ablation
                 technologies and of distal versus ostial pulmonary
                 veins (PV) isolation using the circular mapping
                 technique. BACKGROUND: Electrical isolation of the PVs
                 in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a
                 technical challenge. METHODS: Two hundred eleven
                 patients (163 men; mean age 53 +/- 11 years) with
                 symptomatic AF were included in this study. In the
                 first 21 patients (group 1), distal isolation (> or = 5
                 mm from the ostium) was achieved targeting veins
                 triggering AF. In the remaining 190 patients (group 2),
                 ostial isolation of all PVs was performed using 4-mm
                 tip (47 patients), 8-mm tip (21 patients), or
                 cooled-tip (122 patients) ablation catheters. RESULTS:
                 Distal isolation was able to eliminate premature atrial
                 contractions (PACs) and AF in six of 21 patients (29\%)
                 and 10 of 34 PVs. After a mean follow-up time of 6 +/-
                 4 months, no patients treated with the 8-mm tip
                 catheter experienced recurrence of AF, whereas 21\% (10
                 of 47 patients) and 15\% (18 of 122 patients) of the
                 patients ablated with the 4-mm tip and the cooled-tip
                 ablation catheters experienced recurrence of AF after a
                 mean follow-up of 10 +/- 3 and 4 +/- 2 months,
                 respectively. Significant complications including
                 stroke, tamponade, and severe stenosis occurred in
                 3.5\% (8/211) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter
                 technologies designed to achieve better lesion size
                 appeared to have a positive impact on procedure time,
                 fluoroscopy time, number of lesions, and overall
                 efficacy. Although distal isolation can be achieved
                 with fewer lesions, ostial isolation is required in the
                 majority of patients to eliminate arrhythmogenic PACs
                 and AF.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 11 12:17:51 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Mar2002b,
  author =       "N.F. Marrouche and S. Beheiry and G. Tomassoni and C.
                 Cole and D. Bash and T. Dresing and W. Saliba and A.
                 Abdul-Karim and P. Tchou and R. Schweikert and F.
                 Leonelli and A. Natale",
  title =        "Three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping and ablation
                 of inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Procedural
                 strategies and long-term outcome.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1046--1054",
  robnote =      "afib OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to assess
                 long-term results of three-dimensional (3-D)
                 mapping-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of
                 inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST). Change in
                 activation after the administration of esmolol was also
                 assessed and compared to the shift documented with
                 successful sinus node (SN) modification. BACKGROUND:
                 The long-term results after RFA of IST have been
                 reported to vary between 27\% and 66\%. METHODS:
                 Thirty-nine patients (35 women, mean age 31 +/- 9
                 years) with debilitating IST were included in the
                 study. The area around the earliest site of activation
                 recorded using the 3-D mapping system was targeted for
                 ablation. The shift in the earliest activation site
                 after administration of esmolol was compared with the
                 shift after RFA. RESULTS: The heart rate at rest and in
                 drug-free state ranged between 95 and 125 beats/min
                 (mean 99 +/- 14 beats/min). Sinus node was successfully
                 modified in all patients. Following ablation, the mean
                 heart rate dropped to 72 +/- 8 beats/min, p < 0.01. The
                 extent of the 3-D shift in caudal activation along the
                 crista terminalis was more pronounced after RFA than
                 during esmolol administration (23 +/- 11 mm vs. 7 +/- 5
                 mm, respectively, p < 0.05). No patient required
                 pacemaker implantation after a mean follow-up time of
                 32 +/- 9 months; 21\% of patients experienced
                 recurrence of IST and were successfully re-ablated.
                 CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional electroanatomical
                 mapping seems to facilitate and improve the ablation
                 results of IST. The difference in caudal shift seen
                 after esmolol administration and following SN
                 modification suggests that adrenergic hypersensitivity
                 is not the only mechanism responsible for the
                 inappropriate behavior of the SN.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 11 12:17:51 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Mar2003,
  author =       "N.F. Marrouche and D.O. Martin and O. Wazni and A.M.
                 Gillinov and A. Klein and M. Bhargava and E. Saad and
                 D. Bash and H. Yamada and W. Jaber and R. Schweikert
                 and P. Tchou and A. Abdul-Karim and W. Saliba and A.
                 Natale",
  title =        "Phased-array intracardiac echocardiography monitoring
                 during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial
                 fibrillation: impact on outcome and complications.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2003",
  volume =       "107",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "2710--2716",
  robnote =      "afib BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess
                 the impact of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) on
                 the long-term success and complications in patients
                 undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for treatment
                 of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Three
                 hundred fifteen patients underwent PVI for treatment of
                 AF. Each patient underwent ostial isolation of all PVs
                 using a cooled-tip ablation catheter. PVI was performed
                 using circular mapping (CM) alone (group 1, 56
                 patients), CM and ICE (group 2, 107 patients), and CM
                 and ICE with titration of radiofrequency energy based
                 on visualization of microbubbles by ICE (group 3, 152
                 patients). After a mean follow-up time of 417+/-145
                 days, 19.6\% (11 of 56), 16.8\% (18 of 107), and 9.8\%
                 (15 of 152) of patients in groups 1, 2, and 3
                 experienced recurrence of AF, respectively. Moreover,
                 whereas no group 3 patient experienced severe (>70\%)
                 PV stenosis, severe PV stenosis was documented in 3
                 (3.5\%) of 56 patients in group 1 and in 2 (1.8\%) of
                 107 patients in group 2 (P<0.05). No embolic events
                 were detected in group 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS:
                 Intracardiac echocardiography improves the outcome of
                 cooled-tip PVI. Power adjustment guided by direct
                 visualization of microbubble formation reduces the risk
                 of PV stenosis and improves long-term cure.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 11 10:47:17 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Mar2003b,
  author =       "N.F. Marrouche and R. Schweikert and W. Saliba and
                 S.V. Pavia and D.O. Martin and T. Dresing and C. Cole
                 and K. Balaban and E. Saad and A. Perez-Lugones and D.
                 Bash and P. Tchou and A. Natale",
  title =        "Use of different catheter ablation technologies for
                 treatment of typical atrial flutter: acute results and
                 long-term follow-up.",
  journal =      "Pacing Clin Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2003",
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "743--746",
  robnote =      "afib OBJECTIVES: We report the acute success and long-term
                 follow-up in consecutive patients undergoing catheter
                 ablation of typical right atrial flutter (AFL) using
                 different ablation technologies. METHODS: One hundred
                 and two patients presenting for treatment of AFL to our
                 laboratory were included in the study. Based on
                 availability and physician preference, ablation was
                 performed with either a cooled-tip catheter (39
                 patients, group I), an 8- or 10-mm tip catheter
                 connected to a high-power radiofrequency (RF) generator
                 (25 patients, group II), or a 4- or 5-mm tip catheter
                 (38 patients, group III). Acute ablation success was
                 achieved in all group II and group III patients. Among
                 the 38 patients undergoing ablation with the
                 conventional catheter tip (group I), crossover to an
                 8-mm tip or a cooled tip ablation catheter was required
                 in 11 patients (29\%). The mean fluoroscopy time was
                 significantly higher in group I (54.3 +/- 26.4 minutes)
                 when compared to group II (39.6 +/- 19.6 minutes; P <
                 0.05) and group III (40 +/- 16 minutes; P = 0.0.5).
                 After a mean follow up of 20 +/- 5 months no patient in
                 group II experienced recurrence of AFL, whereas 18.4\%
                 (7 of 38 patients; P < 0.05) in group I and 10\% (4 of
                 39 patients; P < 0.05) in group III had recurrence of
                 AFL. Ablation technologies designed to obtain larger
                 size lesions appeared to be more effective in achieving
                 acute ablation success of AFL and in limiting the
                 long-term recurrence rate of this arrhythmia.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 11 12:17:51 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Mar2004,
  author =       "N.F. Marrouche and A. Verma and O. Wazni and R.
                 Schweikert and D.O. Martin and W. Saliba and F.
                 Kilicaslan and J. Cummings and J.D. Burkhardt and M.
                 Bhargava and D. Bash and J. Brachmann and J. Guenther
                 and S. Hao and S. Beheiry and A. Rossillo and A.
                 Raviele and S. Themistoclakis and A. Natale",
  title =        "Mode of initiation and ablation of ventricular
                 fibrillation storms in patients with ischemic
                 cardiomyopathy.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "2004",
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1715--1720",
  robnote =      "afib OBJECTIVES: We report on the initiation of ventricular
                 fibrillation (VF) storm in patients with ischemic
                 cardiomyopathy (ICM) and the results of targeted
                 ablation to treat VF storm. BACKGROUND: Monomorphic
                 premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) have been
                 shown to initiate VF in patients without structural
                 heart disease. METHODS: A total of 29 patients with ICM
                 and documented VF initiation were identified. In 21
                 patients, VF storm was controlled with antiarrhythmic
                 drugs and/or treatment of heart failure. Eight patients
                 with VF (mean 52 +/- 25 episodes) refractory to medical
                 management required ablation. All patients underwent
                 three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping using CARTO
                 (Biosense-Webster Inc., Diamond Bar, California), and
                 PVCs were mapped when present. Scarred areas were
                 identified using voltage mapping. RESULTS: Monomorphic
                 PVCs initiated VF in all 29 identified patients. Five
                 of eight patients requiring ablation had frequent PVCs
                 that allowed PVC mapping. The earliest activation site
                 was consistently located in the scar border zone. The
                 PVCs were always preceded by a Purkinje-like potential
                 (PLP). Ablation was successfully performed at these
                 sites. In three patients, infrequent PVCs prevented
                 mapping, but PLPs were recorded around the scar border.
                 Ablation targeting these potentials along the scar
                 border was successfully performed. During follow-up (10
                 +/- 6 months), one patient had a single VF episode and
                 another developed sustained, monomorphic ventricular
                 tachycardia. There was no recurrence of VF storm.
                 CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular fibrillation in ICM is
                 triggered by monomorphic PVCs originating from the scar
                 border zone with preceding PLPs; targeting these PVCs
                 may prevent VF recurrence. In the absence of PVCs, both
                 substrate mapping and ablation appear to be equally
                 effective.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 11 10:47:17 2007",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Mar2013,
  author = 	 "N.F. Marrouche and J. Brachmann and D. Wilber and
                  G. Hindricks and P. Jais and L. Mont and M. Duytschaever and
                  F. Marchlinski and T. Neumann and M. Mansour and B. Herweg
                  and E. Daoud and E. Wissner and P. Bansmann and P. Sanders",
  title = 	 "Delayed Enhancement Mri Determinant Of Successful Catheter
                  Ablation For Atrial Fibrillation ({DECAAF}): A
                  Double-blinded, Multi-center, Prospective Trial",
  booktitle = "HRS Scientific Sessions",
  year = 	 2013,
  robnote = 	 "Late breaking trial on DECAAF.  Objective: To demonstrate in
                  a multi-center study, the feasibility and predictive value
                  of
                  atrial fibrosis estimated by DE-MRI in the outcomes of
                  ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Background: AF is
                  associated with atrial structural remodeling and tissue
                  fibrosis. Single center reports have demonstrated the value
                  of DE-MRI quantified atrial fibrosis in determining AF
                  ablation outcome."
}

@Book{RSM:Mar2013b,
  author = 	 "K. Martin and B. Hoffman",
  title = 	 "Mastering CMake",
  publisher = 	 "Kitware, Inc.",
  year = 	 2013,
  edition =

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