text:
97a.},
  topic = {default-logic;autoepistemic-logic;circumscription;
  	nonmonotonic-reasoning;nonmonotonic-logic;}
  }

@book{ suchman:1987a,
  author = {L.A. Suchman},
  title = {Plans and Situated Action: The Problem of
  	Human-Machine Interaction},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {HCI;}
 }

@book{ sudnow:1972a,
  editor = {D. Sudnow},
  title = {Studies in Social Interaction},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name.},
  topic = {ethnomethodology;sociolinguistics;}
 }

@article{ suermondt-cooper_gf:1991a,
  author = {H. Jacques Suermondt and Gregory F. Cooper},
  title = {Initialization For the Method of Conditioning in {B}ayesian
  	Belief Networks},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {83--94},
  topic = {Bayesian-networks;conditioning-methods;}
  }

@article{ suganuma:1991a,
  author = {Yoshinori Suganuma},
  title = {Learning Structures of Visual Patterns from Single
  	Instances},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--36},
  topic = {machine-learning;computer-vision;structure-learning;}
  }

@article{ sugihara:1979a,
  author = {Kokichi Sugihara},
  title = {Range-Data Analysis Guided by a Junction Dictionary},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {41--69},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     A knowledge-guided system for the analysis of range data about
     three-dimensional scenes with planar and/or curved objects is
     presented.  Inputs to the system are range data originated with
     real scenes, and outputs are the concise descriptions (i.e.,
     organized structures of vertices, edges and faces) of objects,
     which are useful for object identification and machine
     manipulation.  A ``junction dictionary'' is constructed to
     represent the general knowledge about the physical nature of the
     three-dimensional objects world, and the system uses the
     dictionary for the feature extraction and the feature
     organization.  At each step of the analysis the system consults
     the dictionary to predict positions, orientations and physical
     types of missing edges.  Those predictions enable the system to
     decide where and what kind of edges to search for as well as to
     decide how to organize the extracted features into a reasonable
     description.  Experiments show satisfactory system performance.
  },
  topic = {computer-vision;spatial-reasoning;range-data;
  	shape-recognition;three-D-reconstruction;}
  }

@article{ sugihara:1984a,
  author = {Kokichi Sugihara},
  title = {An Algebraic Approach to Shape-from-Image Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59--95},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a new method for recovering
     three-dimensional shapes of polyhedral objects from their
     single-view images. The problem of recovery is formulated in a
     constrained optimization problem, in which the constraints
     reflect the assumption that the scene is composed of polyhedral
     objects, and the objective function to be minimized is a
     weighted sum of quadric errors of surface information such as
     shading and texture.  For practical purpose it is decomposed
     into the two more tractable problems: a linear programming
     problem and an unconstrained optimization problem.  In the
     present method the global constraints placed by the polyhedron
     assumption are represented in terms of linear algebra, whereas
     similar constraints have usually been represented in terms of a
     gradient space.  Moreover, superstrictness of the constraints
     can be circumvented by a new concept `position-free incidence
     structure'.  For this reason the present method has several
     advantages: it can recover the polyhedral shape even if image
     data are incorrect due to vertex-position errors, it can deal
     with perspective projection as well as orthographic projection,
     the number of variables in the optimization problem is very
     small (three or a little greater than three), and any kinds of
     surface information can be incorporated in a unifying manner.
   },
  topic = {computer-vision;shape-recognition;linear-programming;
  	shape-recognition;three-D-reconstruction;
	reasoning-about-perspective;}
  }

@article{ sullivan_d:1991a,
  author = {David Sullivan},
  title = {Frege on the Cognition of Objects},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {245--268},
  topic = {Frege;}
  }

@book{ sullivan_jw-tyler_sw:1991a,
  editor = {Joseph W. Sullivan and Sherman W. Tyler},
  title = {Intelligent User Interfaces},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New},
  ISBN = {0201503050},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA 76.9 .H85 I5831 1991.},
  topic = {HCI;}
 }

@article{ sullivan_p:1992a,
  author = {Peter Sullivan},
  title = {The Functional Model of Sentential Complexity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--108},
  topic = {Frege;foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@article{ sullivan_pm:2000a,
  author = {Peter M. Sullivan},
  title = {Review of \emph{{F}rege: Importance and Legacy}, by
  	{M}atthias {S}chirn},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {648--652},
  xref = {Review of: schirn:1996a},
  topic = {Frege;}
  }

@article{ sumi-etal:1997a,
  author = {Yasuyuki Sumi and Koichi Hori and Setsuo Ohsuga},
  title = {Computer-Aided Thinking by Mapping Text-Objects into
  	Metric Spaces},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71--84},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a system for computer-aided thinking.  We
     propose the idea of reflecting the mental world indirectly into
     a metric space to support such human thinking activities as
     externalizing and forming new ideas.  We use a method that maps
     text-objects into metric spaces for visualizing a user's thought
     space structure.  Text-objects imply fragments of a user's idea,
     which have several keywords given by him/her.  Spaces composed of
     text-objects are configured in the way "the higher the mutual
     relevance between a pair of text-objects is, the closer the
     text-objects are mapped".  The relevance values among
     text-objects are calculated due to co-occurrence of their
     keywords.  Results of experiments with our implemented system,
     named CAT1 (computer-aided thinking, version 1), show that users
     of the system can get effective stimuli for further thinking in
     creative concept formation.  The paper also discusses the
     potential application of CAT1 to collaborative work by groups of
     people.  },
  topic = {concept-formation;visualization;}
  }

@incollection{ sun_l-etal:2000a,
  author = {Le Sun and Youbing Jin and Lin Du and Yufang Sun},
  title = {Word Alignment of {E}nglish-{C}hinese Bilingual Corpus
		Based on Chunks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference
  	on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Hinrich Sch\"utze and Keh-Yih Su},
  pages = {110--116},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {Chinese-language;text-alignment;}
  }

@inproceedings{ sun_r:1995a,
  author = {Ron Sun},
  title = {A Microfeature Based Approach Towards Metaphor
  	Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {424--429},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {metaphor;pragmatics;}
  }

@article{ sun_r:1995b,
  author = {Ron Sun},
  title = {Robust Reasoning: Integrating Rule-Based
  	and Similarity-Based Reasoning},
  Journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {75},
  number = {2},
  pages = {241--295},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper attempts to account for common patterns in commonsense
     reasoning through integrating rule-based reasoning and
     similarity-based reasoning as embodied in connectionist models.
     Reasoning examples are analyzed and a diverse range of patterns
     is identified.  A principled synthesis based on simple rules and
     similarities is performed, which unifies these patterns that
     were before difficult to be accounted for without specialized
     mechanisms individually.  A two-level connectionist architecture
     with dual representations is proposed as a computational
     mechanism for carrying out the theory.  It is shown in detail how
     the common patterns can be generated by this mechanism.  Finally,
     it is argued that the brittleness problem of rule-based models
     can be remedied in a principled way, with the theory proposed
     here.  This work demonstrates that combining rules and
     similarities can result in more robust reasoning models, and
     many seemingly disparate patterns of commonsense reasoning are
     actually different manifestations of the same underlying process
     and can be generated using the integrated architecture, which
     captures the underlying process to a large extent.  },
  topic = {connectionist-models;common-sense-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ sun_yr:2003a,
  author = {Yaoru Sun},
  title = {Object-Based Visual Attention for Computer Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {146},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--123},
  topic = {visual-reasonong;attention;computer-vision;}
  }

@article{ sundholm:1983a,
  author = {G\"oran  Sundholm},
  title = {Constructions, Proofs and the Meaning of the Logical
  	Constants},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--172},
  topic = {constructive-mathematics;mathematical-constructions;proof-theory;
  	logical-constants;}
  }

@incollection{ sundholm:1983b,
  author = {G\o"ran Sundholm},
  title = {Systems of Deduction},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {I}:
  	Elements of Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {133--188},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {proof-theory;}
 }

@incollection{ sundholm:1986a,
  author = {G\"oran Sundholm},
  title = {Proof Theory and Meaning},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume {III}:
  	Alternatives in Classical Logic},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Dov Gabbay and Franz Guenther},
  pages = {471--506},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {proof-theory;proof-theoretic-semantics;}
 }

@article{ sundholm:1997a,
  author = {G\"oran Sundholm},
  title = {Implicit Epistemic Aspects of Constructive Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {191--212},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;constructive-mathematics;
  	foundations-of-mathematics;}
  }

@incollection{ sundholm:2009a,
  author = {G\"oran Sundholm},
  title = {A Century of Judgment and Inference, 1837--1936: Some
  	Strands in the Development of Logic},
  booktitle = {The Development of Modern Logic},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2009},
  editor = {Leila Haaparanta},
  pages = {263--317},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {history-of-logic;Frege;Gentzen;}
  }

@article{ suner:1993a,
  author = {Margarita Su\~ner},
  title = {Indexicals and Deixis},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {45--77},
  topic = {indexicals;demonstratives;}
  }

@book{ suppes:1957a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Introduction to Logic},
  publisher = {Van Nostrand},
  year = {1957},
  address = {Princeton, New Jersey},
  xref = {Review: church_a:1957a.},
  topic = {logic-intro;}
 }

@book{ suppes:1970a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {A Probabilistic Theory of Causation},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {causality;}
 }

@techreport{ suppes:1971a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Semantics of Context-Free Fragments of Natural Languages},
  institution = {Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social
  		Sciences},
  number = {171},
  year = {1971},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;context-free-grammars;}
  }

@incollection{ suppes:1972a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Probabilistic Grammars for Natural Languages},
  booktitle = {Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1972},
  editor = {Donald Davidson and Gilbert H. Harman},
  pages = {741--762},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {grammar-formalisms;nl-statistics;}
  }

@article{ suppes:1973a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Congruence of Meaning},
  journal = {Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical
  	Association},
  year = {1973},
  pages = {21--38},
  xref = {Superseded by Part I of suppes:1991a.},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}
  }

@article{ suppes:1976a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Elimination of Quantifiers in the Semantics of Natural
  	Language by Use of Extended Relation Algebras},
  journal = {Revue Internationale de Philosophie},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {243--259},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;cylindrical-algebra;}
  }

@incollection{ suppes:1980a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Variable-Free Semantics with Remarks on Procedural Extensions},
  booktitle = {Language, Mind, and Brain},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erbaum Associates},
  year = {1982},
  editor = {Thomas W. Simon and Robert J. Scholes},
  address = {Hillsdale, N.J.},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  rtnote = {Preprint in RHT collection.},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ suppes:1984a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Conflicting Intuitions about Causality},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {151--168},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;}
  }

@article{ suppes:1984b,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {A Puzzle about Responses and Congruences of Meaning},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {1},
  pages = {39--50},
  topic = {intensionality;hyperintensionality;foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ suppes:1986a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {The Primacy of Utterer's Meaning},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {109--129},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Chapter 4 of suppes:1991a.},
  contentnote = {Defense of Grice's account of meaning against misc
  		criticisms, including one of Chomsky's.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice;pragmatics;}
  }

@book{ suppes:1991a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes},
  title = {Language for Humans and Robots},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Oxford},
  contentnote = {TC:  Part I:   Congruence of Meaning
  				PS' generalization of synonymy.
		 Part II:  Psychology of children's language
		 Part III: Variable-free semantics
		 Part IV:  Robots
  },
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;speaker-meaning;Grice;
  	psycholinguistics;nl-semantics;
	machine-language-learning;pragmatics;}
 }

@article{ suppes-etal:1996a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and Mochael B\"ottner and Lin Liang},
  title = {Machine Learning Comprehension Grammars for Ten
  	Languages},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {329--350},
  topic = {machine-learning;language-learning;}
  }

@incollection{ suppes-etal:1998a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and Michael B\"ottner and Lin Liang},
  title = {Machine Learning of Physics Word Problems},
  booktitle = {Computing Natural Language},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Atocha Aliseda and Rob {van Glabbeek} and Dag Westerst{\aa}hl},
  pages = {151--164},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {machine-learning;language-learning;}
  }

@unpublished{ suppes-macken:1977a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and Elizabeth Macken},
  title = {Steps Towards a Variable-Free Semantics of Attributive
  	Adjectives},
  year = {1977},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {combinatory-logic;nl-semantics;adjectives;predication;}
  }

@article{ suppes-zanotti:1976a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes Mario Zanotti},
  title = {Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Existence
  	of a Unique Measure Strictly Agreeing with a Qualitative
	Probability Ordering},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {431--438},
  topic = {measurement-theory;qualitative-probability;}
  }

@incollection{ suppes-zinnes:1963a,
  author = {Patrick Suppes and J. Zinnes},
  title = {Basic Measurement Theory},
  booktitle = {Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, Volume 1},
  publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
  year = {1963},
  editor = {R. Duncan Luce and Robert Bush and Eugene Galanter},
  address = {New York},
  missinginfo = {pages,author's 1st name},
  topic = {measurement-theory;}
  }

@techreport{ surav-akman:1995a,
  author = {Mehmet Surav and Varol Akman},
  title = {Modeling Context with Situations},
  institution = {Laboratoire Formes et Intelligence Artificielle,
  	Institut Blaise Pascal, Universit\'{e} Paris VI},
  number = {LAFORIA 95/11},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Paris},
  rtnote = {Reading notes on file.},
  note = {Working Notes of the International Joint Conference on
  	{AI} 1995 Workshop on Modeling Context in Knowledge
	Representation and Reasoning.},
  topic = {context;situation-theory;}
  }

@article{ surendonk:1997a,
  author = {Timothy J. Surendonk},
  title = {Canonicity for for Intensional Logics Without Iterative
  	Axioms},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {4},
  pages = {391--409},
  topic = {modal-logic;completeness-proofs;neighborhood-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ surendonk:1998a,
  author = {Timothy J. Surendonk},
  title = {On Isomorphisms between Canonical Frames},
  booktitle = {Advances in Modal Logic, Volume 1},
  publisher = {{CSLI} Publications},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Marcus Kracht and Maarten de Rijke and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {249--268},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {modal-logic;}
  }

@article{ surendonk:2001a,
  author = {Timothy J. Surendonk},
  title = {Canonicity for Intensional Logics with Even Axioms},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1141--1156},
  topic = {modal-logic;}
  }

@article{ suri-etal:1999a,
  author = {Linda Z. Suri and Kathleen F. McCoy and Jonathan
		D. DeCristofaro},
  title = {A Methodology for Extending Focusing Frameworks},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {25},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--194},
  topic = {centering; anaphora-resolution;nlp-algorithms;}
  }

@book{ sussman_gj:1975a,
  author = {Gerald Jay Sussman},
  title = {A Computer Model of Skill Acquisition},
  publisher = {American Elsevier Publishing Co.},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0444001638},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA63 .S96.},
  topic = {skill-acquisition;cognitive-modeling;}
 }

@article{ sussman_gj-steele_gl:1980a,
  author = {Gerald Jay Sussman and Guy Lewis {Steele Jr.}},
  title = {{CONSTRAINTS}---A Language for Expressing
  	Almost-Hierarchical Descriptions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--39},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We present an interactive system organized around networks of
     constraints rather than the programs which manipulate them.  We
     describe a language of hierarchical constraint networks.  We
     describe one method of deriving useful consequences of a set of
     constraints which we call propagation.  Dependency analysis is
     used to spot and track down inconsistent subsets of a constraint
     set.  Propagation of constraints is most flexible and useful
     when coupled with the ability to perform symbolic manipulations
     on algebraic expressions.  Such manipulations are in turn best
     expressed as alterations or augmentations of the constraint
     network.
       Almost-Hierarchical Constraint Networks can be constructed to
     represent the multiple viewpoints used by engineers in the
     synthesis and analysis of electrical networks.  These multiple
     viewpoints are used in terminal equivalence and power arguments
     to reduce the apparent synergy in a circuit so that it can be
     attacked algebraically.  },
  topic = {constraint-networks;}
  }

@article{ sutcliffe:1991a,
  author = {Geoff Sutcliffe},
  title = {Compulsory Reduction in Linear Derivation Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {50},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--132},
  topic = {linear-derivation-systems;}
  }

@article{ sutcliffe-suttner:2001a,
  author = {Geoff Sutcliffe and Christian Suttner},
  title = {Evaluating General Purpose Automated Theorem Proving Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {131},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {39--54},
  topic = {theorem-proving;AI-system-evaluation;}
  }

@inproceedings{ suthers:1990a,
  author = {Daniel D. Suthers},
  title = {Reassessing Rhetorical Abstractions and Planning
  	Mechanisms},
  booktitle = {Fifth International Workshop on Natural Language
  	Generation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {137--143},
  topic = {nl-generation;discourse-planning;pragmatics;}
}

@article{ sutton_j:2005a,
  author = {Jonathan Sutton},
  title = {Stick to What You Know},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {39},
  number = {3},
  pages = {359--396},
  topic = {knowledge;justification;}
  }

@article{ sutton_p:2000a,
  author = {Peter Sutton},
  title = {Review of \emph{{T}wo-Dimensional Semantics}, by
        {M}anuel {G}arc\'ia-{C}arpintero and {J}osep {M}aci\`a},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {109},
  number = {4},
  pages = {637--639},
  xref = {Review of: garciacarpintero--macia:2006a},
  topic = {two-dimensional-semantics;context;philosophy-of-language;}
  }

@book{ sutton_rs-barto:1998a,
  author = {Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto},
  title = {Reinforcement Learning},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262- (hardcover), 0-262- (pbk)},
  topic = {machine-learning;}
 }

@article{ sutton_rs-etal:1999a,
  author = {Richard S. Sutton and Doina Precup and Satinder Singh},
  title = {Between {MDP}s and semi-{MDP}s: A Framework for Temporal
  	Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {112},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {181--211},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Learning, planning, and representing knowledge at multiple
     levels of temporal abstraction are key, longstanding challenges
     for AI.  In this paper we consider how these challenges can be
     addressed within the mathematical framework of reinforcement
     learning and Markov decision processes (MDPs).  We extend the
     usual notion of action in this framework to include options
     ---closed-loop policies for taking action over a period of
     time.  Examples of options include picking up an object, going
     to lunch, and traveling to a distant city, as well as primitive
     actions such as muscle twitches and joint torques.  Overall, we
     show that options enable temporally abstract knowledge and
     action to be included in the reinforcement learning framework in
     a natural and general way.  In particular, we show that options
     may be used interchangeably with primitive actions in planning
     methods such as dynamic programming and in learning methods such
     as Q-learning.  Formally, a set of options defined over an MDP
     constitutes a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP), and the
     theory of SMDPs provides the foundation for the theory of
     options.  However, the most interesting issues concern the
     interplay between the underlying MDP and the SMDP and are thus
     beyond SMDP theory.  We present results for three such cases: (1)
     we show that the results of planning with options can be used
     during execution to interrupt options and thereby perform even
     better than planned, (2) we introduce new intra-option methods
     that are able to learn about an option from fragments of its
     execution, and (3) we propose a notion of subgoal that can be
     used to improve the options themselves.  All of these results
     have precursors in the existing literature; the contribution of
     this paper is to establish them in a simpler and more general
     setting with fewer changes to the existing reinforcement
     learning framework.  In particular, we show that these results
     can be obtained without committing to (or ruling out) any
     particular approach to state abstraction, hierarchy, function
     approximation, or the macro-utility problem.
 },
  topic = {reinforcement-learning;Markov-decision-processes;
  	hierarchical-planning;temporal-reasoning;abstraction;}
  }

@article{ suzuki_ny:1997a,
  author = {Nobu-Yuki Suzuki},
  title = {Kripke Frame with Graded Accessibility and Fuzzy
		Possible World Semantics},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {249--269},
  topic = {modal-logic;fuzzy-logic;}
  }

@article{ suzuki_y-etal:1998a,
  author = {Yasuhito Suzuki and Frank Wolter and Michael
  	Zakharyaschev},
  title = {Speaking about Transitive Frames in Propositional
  	Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {317--339},
  topic = {modal-logic;}
  }

@book{ svartvik-quirk_r:1980a,
  editor = {Jan Svartvik and Randolph Quirk},
  title = {A Corpus of {E}nglish Conversation},
  publisher = {C.W.K. Gleerup},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Lund},
  ISBN = {9140047407},
  rtnote = {UMich GRADUATE LIBRARY, 820.6 L96 no.56.},
  topic = {corpus;}
 }

@book{ swain_m:1970a,
  editor = {Marshall Swain},
  title = {Induction, Acceptance, and Rational Belief},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishing Co.},
  year = {1970},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library Call No: BC 91 .S97},
  topic = {induction;foundations-of-probability;}
 }

@book{ swan_oe:1983a,
  author = {Oscar E. Swan},
  edition = {2},
  title = {A Concise Grammar of {P}olish},
  publisher = {University Press of America},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Washington, D.C.},
  ISBN = {0819130176, 0819130184 (pbk.).},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, 891.855 S972cn 1983.},
  topic = {Polish-language;reference-grammars;}
 }

@article{ swanson_dr-smallheiser:1997a,
  author = {Don R. Swanson and Neil R. Smallheiser},
  title = {An Interactive System for Finding Complementary
  	Literatures:  A Stimulus to Scientific Discovery},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {91},
  number = {2},
  pages = {183--203},
  topic = {intelligent-information-retrieval;}
  }

@unpublished{ swanson_e:2006a,
  author = {Eric Swanson},
  title = {Something `Might' Might Mean},
  year = {2006},
  month = {January},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, MIT Philosophy Department},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {possibility;modality;epsitemic-modals;}
  }

@article{ swanson_e:2008a,
  author = {Eric Swanson},
  title = {Review of \emph{Reflections on Meaning},
  		by {P}aul {H}orwich},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {118},
  number = {1},
  pages = {131--134},
  xref = {Review of: horwich:2006a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}
  }

@unpublished{ swanson_e:2008b,
  author = {Eric Swanson},
  title = {How Not to Theorize about Subjective Uncertainty},
  year = {2008},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Research Files.  Comments emailed
  		to ES, April 2008},
  topic = {propositional-attitudes;epistemic-modals;}
  }

@article{ swartout:1983a,
  author = {William Swartout},
  title = {{XPLAIN}: A System for Creating and Explaining Expert
  	Consulting Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--325},
  topic = {kr;explanation;kr-course;}
  }

@article{ swartout:2010a,
  author = {William Swartout},
  title = {Lessons Learned from Virtual Humans},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--20},
  topic = {virtual-reality;virtual-humans;synthesized-emotions;}
  }

@article{ swartout-etal:2006a,
  author = {William Swartout and Jonathan Gratch and Randall W. Hill and
  		Eduard Hovy and Stacy Marsella and Jeff Rickel and
		David R. Traum},
  title = {Toward Virtual Humans},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {96--108},
  topic = {simulation-of-human-like-behavior;nl-generation;
  		large-kr-systems;}
  }

@inproceedings{ swarzschild:2002a,
  author = {Roger Swarzschild},
  title = {The Grammar of Measurement},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {XII}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Brendan Jackson},
  pages = {225--245},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;measures;}
  }

@article{ sweet_a:1999a,
  author = {Albert Sweet},
  title = {Local Semantic Closure},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {22},
  number = {5},
  pages = {509--528},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;metalinguistic-hierarchies;}
  }

@book{ sweet_h:1898a,
  author = {Henry Sweet},
  title = {New {E}nglish Grammar, Part {II}},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1898},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {descriptive-grammar;English-language;
  	linguistics-classic;}
 }

@book{ swift_j:1963a,
  author = {Jonathan Swift},
  title = {Polite Conversation},
  publisher = {A. Deutsch},
  year = {1963},
  address = {London},
  note = {With introd., notes, and extensive
    commentary by Eric Partridge.  Published in 1788 under title: A
    complete collection of gentrel
    and Ingenious conversation, according to the most polite mode and
    method now used at court, and in the best companies of England.},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library Call No: 828 S977c 1963},
  topic = {politeness;conversation;}
 }

@inproceedings{ swift_t-etal:1994a,
  author = {Terrance Swift and C. Henderson and R. Holberger and J. Murphey
          and E. Neham},
  title = {CCTIS: An Expert Transaction Processing System},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Industrial
     Applications of Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {131--140},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {expert-systems;kr;}
  }

@incollection{ swinburne:1986a,
  author = {Richard Swinburne},
  title = {The Indeterminism of Human Actions},
  booktitle = {Midwest Studies in Philosophy Volume {X}:
  	Studies in the Philosophy of Mind},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. {Uehling, Jr.} and Howard K.
  	Wettstein},
  pages = {431--449},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {action;(in)determinism;}
  }

@article{ swirydowicz:1999a,
  author = {Kazimierz \'Swirydowicz},
  title = {Review of \emph{{B}eing Good and Being Logical:
        Philosophical Groundwork for a New Deontic Logic}, by {J}ames
	{W}. {F}orrester},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {63},
  number = {2},
  pages = {276--280},
  xref = {Review of: forrester:1996a.},
  topic = {deontic-logic;}
  }

@incollection{ swoyer:1984a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Causation and Identity},
  booktitle = {Causation and Causal Theories},
  publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
  year = {1984},
  editor = {Peter A. French and Theodore E. Uehling, Jr. and Howard
  	K. Wettstein},
  pages = {593--622},
  address = {Minneapolis},
  topic = {causality;personal-identity;identity;}
  }

@article{ swoyer:1991a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Structural Representation and Surrogative Reasoning},
  journal = {Synthese},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {87},
  pages = {449--508},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {diagrammatic-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ swoyer:1998a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Complex Predicates and Logics for Properties and
  	Relations},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {27},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--325},
  topic = {property-theory;}
  }

@article{ swoyer:2001a,
  author = {Chris Swoyer},
  title = {Review of \emph{{T}he New Dialectic: Conversational Contexts
  	of Argument} and {\it Ad Hominem Arguments}, by {D}ouglas {W}alton},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--295},
  xref = {Review of: walton_d:1998a, walton_d:1998b.},
  topic = {informal-logic;fallacies;rhetoric;}
  }

@article{ sycara:1998a,
  author = {Katia P. Sycara},
  title = {The Many Faces of Agents},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11--12},
  topic = {autonomous-agents;}
  }

@article{ sycara:1998b,
  author = {Katia P. Sycara},
  title = {Multiagent Systems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  pages = {79--92},
  topic = {autonomous-agents;artificial-societies;}
  }

@incollection{ syerson:1994a,
  author = {Pauf F. Syerson},
  title = {An Epistemic Logic of Situations},
  booktitle = {Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge:
  	Proceedings of the Fifth Conference ({TARK} 1994)},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Ronald Fagin},
  pages = {109--121},
  address = {San Francisco},
  contentnote = {This is a more or less situation-theoretic treatment.},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;hyperintensionality;}
  }

@incollection{ sylvan:1996a,
  author = {Richard Sylvan},
  title = {Other Withered Stumps of Time},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {111--130},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {temporal-logic;}
  }

@book{ szabo:2005a,
  editor = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Semantics Versus Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN13 = {9780199251520},
  rtnote = {UMich Hatcher Graduate P 325 .S38151 2005},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o, "Introduction", pp. 1--14
     1. Kent Bach, "Context ex Machina", pp. 16--44
     2. Herman Cappelen and Ernie Lepore, "Radical and Moderate
          Pragmatics: Does Meaning Determine Truth Conditions?", pp. 45--71
     3. Michael Glanzberg, "Focus: A Case Study on the
          Semantics/Pragmatics Boundary", pp. 72--110
     4. Jeffrey C. King and Jason Stanley, "Semantics, Pragmatics,
          and the Role of Semantic Content", pp. 111--164
     5. Stephen Neale, "Pragmatism and Pronouns", pp. 165--285
     6. Fran\c{c}ois R\'ecanati, "Deixis and Anaphora", pp. 286--316
     7. Nathan Salmon, "Two Concepts of Semantics", pp.  317--
     8. Mandy Simons, "Presupposition and Relevance", pp. 329--355
     9. Scott Soames, "Naming and Asserting", pp. 356--382
    10. Robert J. Stainton , "In Defence of Non-Sentential
          Assertion", pp. 383--458
  },
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}
 }

@book{ szabo_me:1969a,
  editor = {M.E. Szabo},
  title = {The Collected Papers of {G}erhard {G}entzen},
  publisher = {North Holland},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  year = {1969},
  topic = {proof-theory;logic-classics;}
  }

@article{ szabo_zg:1997a,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Review of \emph{{K}nowledge of Language}, by Richard Larson and
		{G}abriel {S}egal},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {106},
  number = {1},
  pages = {122--124},
  xref = {Review of larson_rl-segal_g:1995a.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;}
  }

@article{ szabo_zg:1997b,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {On the Progressive and the Perfective},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--59},
  topic = {perfective-aspect;progressive-aspect;nl-semantics;}
  }

@article{ szabo_zg:2000a,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Compositionality as Supervenience},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {23},
  number = {5},
  pages = {475--505},
  topic = {compositionality;nl-semantics;}
  }

@article{ szabo_zg:2000b,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Descriptions and Uniqueness},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {101},
  pages = {29--57},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;}
  }

@book{ szabo_zg:2000c,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Problems of Compositionality},
  publisher = {Garland Publishing},
  year = {2000},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0815337906},
  xref = {Review: dever:2003a.},
  rtnote = {UMich GRADUATE LIBRARY, P 325.5 .C626 S971 2000.},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.  LLP single author shelves.},
  topic = {compositionality;foundations-of-semantics;nl-semantics
  	philosophy-of-language;}
 }

@article{ szabo_zg:2004a,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {On the Progressive and the Perfective},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29--59},
  topic = {perfective-aspect;progressive-aspect;nl-semantics;}
  }

@book{ szabo_zg:2005a,
  editor = {Zolt\'an Gendler Szab\'o},
  title = {Semantics vs. Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0199251525, 0199251517},
  rtnote = {UMich Hatcher Graduate P 325 .S38151 2005},
  topic = {nl-semantics;pragmatics;}
 }

@incollection{ szabo_zg:2006a,
  author = {Zoltan Gendler Szabo},
  title = {Counting Across Times},
  booktitle = {Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2006},
  editor = {John Hawthorne},
  pages = {399--426},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophy-of-time;philosophical-ontology;}
  }

@incollection{ szabo_zgabo:2008a,
  author = {Zolt\'an Gendler Sz\'abo},
  title = {Things in Progress},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 22, 2008: Philosophy of
  		Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2008},
  editor = {John Hawthorne},
  pages = {499--525},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {progressive-aspect;intensionality;nl-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ szabolcsi:1987a,
  author = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Bound Variables in Syntax (Are There Any?)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth {A}msterdam Colloquium April
  	13--16 1987},
  publisher = {Institute for Language, Logic and Information,
    University of Amsterdam},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {nl-syntax;categorial-grammar;}
  }

@book{ szabolcsi:1997a,
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  contentnote = {TC:
  	A. Szabolski, Background Notions in Lattice Theory and
		Generalized Quantifiers
	F. Beghelli and D. Ben-Shalom and A. Szabolski, Variation,
		Distributivity, and the Illusion of Branching
	F. Beghelli and T. Stowell, Distributivity and Negation: The
		Syntax of Each and Every
	A. Szabolski, Strategies for Scope Taking
	E. Stabler, Computing Quantifier Scope
	D. Farkas, Evaluation Indices and Scope
	A. Szabolski and Frans Zwarts, Weak Islands and an Algebraic
		Semantics for Scope Taking
	J. Doetjes and M. Honcoop, The Semantics of Event-Based
		Readings: A Case for Pair-Quantification
	A. Szabolski, Quantifiers in Pair-List Readings
	F. Beghelli, The Syntax of Distributivity and Pair-List Readings
	J. Rexach, Questions and Generalized Quantifiers
  },
  rtnote = {Hillman P158 W29 1997},
  xref = {Review: mcnally:1999a.},
  rtnote = {semantics-course;},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;generalized-quantifiers;nl-semantics;}
  	}

@incollection{ szabolcsi:1997b,
  author = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Background Notions in Lattice Theory and Generalized Quantifiers},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {1--27},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;generalized-quantifiers;}
  }

@incollection{ szabolcsi-zwarts_f:1997a,
  author = {Anna Szabolcsi and Frans Zwarts},
  title = {Weak Islands and an Algebraic Semantics for Scope Taking},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {217--262},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}
  }

@incollection{ szabolski:1997c,
  author = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  title = {Strategies for Scope Taking},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {109--154},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;}
  }

@incollection{ szabolski:1997d,
  author = {Anna Szabolski},
  title = {Quantifiers in Pair-List Readings},
  booktitle = {Ways of Scope Taking},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Anna Szabolcsi},
  pages = {311--347},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {nl-quantifier-scope;nl-quantifiers;interrogatives;}
  }

@incollection{ szczerba:1997a,
  author = {Marek Szczerba},
  title = {Representation Theorems for Residuated Groupoids},
  booktitle = {{LACL}'96: First International Conference on
      Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Christian Retor/'e},
  pages = {426--434},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-and-computational-linguistics;}
  }

@article{ szolovits-pauker:1978a,
  author = {Peter Szolovits and Stephen G. Pauker},
  title = {Categorical and Probabilistic Reasoning in Medical
  	Diagnosis},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {115--144},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;}
  }

@article{ szolovits-pauker:1993a,
  author = {Peter Szolovits and  Stephen G. Pauker},
  title = {Categorial and Probabilistic Reasoning in
  	Medicine Revisited},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {59},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {167--180},
  xref = {Retrospective commentary on szolovits-pauker:1978a.},
  topic = {diagnosis;medical-AI;}
  }

@inproceedings{ taboada:1997a,
  author = {Maite Taboada},
  title = {Improving Translation through Contextual Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
		{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and Eighth
		Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the {A}ssociation
		for {C}omputational {L}inguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Philip R. Cohen and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  pages = {510--515},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-translation;context;}
 }

@incollection{ taboada:2002a,
  author = {Maite Taboada},
  title = {Centering and Pronominal Reference: In Dialogue, in
  	{S}panish},
  booktitle = {{EDILOG} 2002: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on the
  	Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Centre, University of Edinburgh},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Johan Bos and Mary Ellen Foster and Colin Mathesin},
  pages = {177--184},
  address = {Edinburgh},
  topic = {anaphora-resolution;centering;Spanish-language;}
  }

@book{ taboada:2004a,
  author = {Maria Teresa Taboada},
  title = {Building Coherence and Cohesion:  Task-Based Dialogue
  		in {S}panish and {E}nglish},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {2004},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  xref = {Review: sardinha:2006a},
  topic = {dialogue-corpora;coherence;}
 }

@article{ tadepalli-ok:1998a,
  author = {Prasad Tadepalli and Do{K}eyong Ok},
  title = {Model-Based Average Reward Enforcement Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {100},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {177--224},
  topic = {machine-learning;bayesian-networks;}
  }

@article{ tait:1983a,
  author = {William W. Tait},
  title = {Against Intuitionism: Constructive Mathematics is Part of
  	Classical Mathematics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1983},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--195},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;intuitionistic-mathematics;
  	constructive-mathematics;}
  }

@book{ tait:1997a,
  editor = {William W. Tait},
  title = {Early Analytic Philosophy: {F}rege, {R}ussell, {W}ittgenstein.
    Essays In Honor of Leonard Linsky},
  publisher = {Open Court},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Chicago},
  ISBN = {0812693434 (cloth : alk. paper)},
  rtnote = {UMich Undergraduate, B 808.5 .E271 1997.},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}
 }

@article{ tait:1999a,
  author = {William W. Tait},
  title = {Review of \emph{The Logic of Provability},
		by {G}eorge {B}oolos},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {1},
  pages = {50--54},
  topic = {modal-logic;provability-logic;goedels-second-theorem;}
  }

@article{ tajine-elizondo:1998a,
  author = {M. Tajine and D. Elizondo},
  title = {Growing Methods for Constructing Recursive
  	Deterministic Perceptron Neural Networks and
	Knowledge Extraction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {102},
  number = {2},
  pages = {295--322},
  topic = {connectionist-models;}
  }

@article{ takahashi_s:2006a,
  author = {Shiochi Takahashi},
  title = {More than Two Quantifiers},
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {57--101},
  topic = {nl-quantifiers;nl-quantifier-scope;}
  }

@inproceedings{ takamura-etal:2005a,
  author = {Hiroya Takamura and Takashi Inui and Manabu Okumura},
  title = {Extracting Semantic Orientations of Words using Spin Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the
  		Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'05)},
  month = {June},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages = {133--140},
  url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P05/P05-1017},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;computational-lexicography;}
  }

@inproceedings{ takenobu-etal:1995a,
  author = {Tokunaga Takenobu and Iwayama Makoto and Tanaka Hozumi},
  title = {Automatic Thesaurus Construction Based on Grammatical
  	Relations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1308--1313},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {thesaurus-construction;}
  }

@incollection{ takenobu-etal:1997a,
  author = {Tokunaga Takenobu and Fujii Atsushi and Iwauama Makoto and
     		Sakurai Naoyuki and Tanaka Hozumi},
  title = {Extending a Thesaurus by Classifying Words},
  booktitle = {Automatic Information Extraction and Building of
  	Lexical Semantic Resources for {NLP} Applications},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Piek Vossen and Geert Adriaens and Nicoletta Calzolari
  	and Antonio Sanfilippo and Yorick Wilks},
  pages = {16--21},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {thesaurus-construction;statistical-nlp;word-classification;}
  }

@incollection{ takeoka-shimojima:2002a,
  author = {Atsue Takeoka and Atsushi Shimojima},
  title = {Grounding Styles of Aged Dyads---An Exploratory Study},
  booktitle = {Third {SIGdial} Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue:
  		Proceedings of the Workshop},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Kristina Jokinen and Susan McRoy},
  pages = {188--195},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;corpus-linguistics;}
  }

@inproceedings{ takeuti:1998a,
  author = {Gaisi Takeuti},
  title = {Incompleteness Theorems and $S^i_2$ Versus $S^{i+1}_2$},
  booktitle = {Logic Colloquium '96: Proceedings of the COlloquium
  	Held in {S}an {S}ebasti\'an, {S}pain, {J}uly 9--15, 1996},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {J.M. Larrazabal and D. Lascar and G. Mints},
  pages = {247--261},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  address = {Berlin},
  xref = {Review: beckman_a:2002a},
  topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;}
  }

@article{ takeuti:2000a,
  author = {Gaisi Takeuti},
  title = {G\"odel Sentences of Unbounded Arithmetic},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {1338--1346},
  xref = {Review: beckman_a:2002a},
  topic = {bounded-arithmetic;P=NP-problem;}
  }

@incollection{ talcutt:1991a,
  author = {Carolyn Talcutt},
  title = {Binding Structures},
  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of
  	Computation},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Vladimir Lifschitz},
  pages = {427--448},
  address = {San Diego},
  topic = {variable-binding;abstract-data-types;}
  }

@article{ talja:1980a,
  author = {Jari Talja},
  title = {A Technical Note on {L}ars {L}indal's {\it Position and
  	Change}},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {167--183},
  topic = {logic-and-law;}
  }

@article{ talmadge:1997a,
  author = {Catherine Talmadge},
  title = {Meaning and Triangulation},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {139--145},
  contentnote = {Meaning and community.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}
  }

@article{ talmadge:1997b,
  author = {Catherine J.L. Talmadge},
  title = {Is There a Division of Linguistic Labour?},
  journal = {Philosophia},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {421--434},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;reference;}
  }

@incollection{ talmy:1976a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Semantic Causative Types},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics, Volume 6. The Grammar of
  	Causative Constructions},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Masayoshi Shibatani},
  pages = {43--116},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-causatives;}
  }

@incollection{ talmy:1983a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {How Language Structures Space},
  booktitle = {Spatial Orientation: Theory, Research and Application},
  publisher = {Plenum Press},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Herbert L. Pick, Jr. and Linda P. Acredolo},
  pages = {225--282},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {spatial-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ talmy:1985a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Lexicalization Patterns: Semantic Structures in in Lexical Forms},
  booktitle = {Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume 3.
  	Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Timothy Shopen},
  pages = {57--149},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;}
  }

@book{ talmy:2000a,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Toward a Cognitive Semantics: Concept Structuring Systems},
  volume = {1},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-20120-8},
  xref = {Review: allen_k:2001a},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;}
 }

@book{ talmy:2000b,
  author = {Leonard Talmy},
  title = {Toward a Cognitive Semantics: Typology and Process in
  	Concept Structuring},
  volume = {2},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0-262-20121-6},
  xref = {Review: allen_k:2001a},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;lexical-semantics;}
 }

@incollection{ tambe:1996a,
  author = {Milind Tambe},
  title = {Parallelism Matters},
  booktitle = {Mind Matters: A Tribute to {A}llen {N}ewell},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {David M. Steier and Tom M. Mitchell},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  pages = {213--217},
  topic = {computer-architectures;parallel-processing;}
  }

@inproceedings{ tambe:1998a,
  author = {Milind Tambe},
  title = {Agent Architectures for Flexible, Practical Teamwork},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence and the Ninth Innovative
	      Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Benjamin J. Kuipers and Bonnie Webber},
  pages = {22--28},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {coordination;agent-architectures;}
  }

@article{ tambe-etal:1999a,
  author = {Milind Tambe and Jafar Adabi and Yaser Al-Onaizan and Ali
  	Erden and Gal A. Kaminka and Stacy C. Marsella and Ion Muslea},
  title = {Building Agent Teams Using an Explicit Teamwork Model and
  	Learning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {110},
  number = {2},
  pages = {215--239},
  topic = {multiagent-systems;multiagent-learning;RoboCup;}
  }

@article{ tambe-etal:2000a,
  author = {Milind Tambe and Taylor Raines and Stacy Marsella},
  title = {Agent Assistants for Team Analysis},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {27--31},
  topic = {RoboCup;robotics;}
  }

@article{ tambe-jung:1999a,
  author = {Milind Tambe and Hyuckchul Jung},
  title = {The Benefits of Arguing in a Team},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {85--92},
  topic = {negotiation;coordination;}
  }

@article{ tambe-rosenbloom:1994a,
  author = {Milind Tambe and Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  title = {Investigating Production System Representations for
  	Non-Combinatorial Match},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {155--199},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Eliminating combinatorics from the match in production systems
     (or rule-based systems) is important for expert systems,
     real-time performance, machine learning (particularly with
     respect to the utility issue), parallel implementations and
     cognitive modeling.  In [74], the unique-attribute
     representation was introduced to eliminate combinatorics from
     the match.  However, in so doing, unique-attributes engender a
     sufficiently negative set of trade-offs, so that investigating
     whether there are alternative representations that yield better
     trade-offs becomes of critical importance.
      This article identifies two promising spaces of such
     alternatives, and explores a number of the alternatives within
     these spaces.  The first space is generated from local syntactic
     restrictions on working memory.  Within this space,
     unique-attributes is shown to be the best alternative possible.
     The second space comes from restrictions on the search performed
     during the match of individual productions (match-search).  In
     particular, this space is derived from the combination of a new,
     more relaxed, match formulation (instantiationless match) and a
     set of restrictions derived from the constraint-satisfaction
     literature.  Within this space, new alternatives are found that
     outperform unique-attributes in some, but not yet all, domains.},
  topic = {rule-based-reasoning;expert-systems;}
  }

@article{ tammet:1994a,
  author = {Tanel Tammet},
  title = {Proof Strategies in Linear Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {273--304},
  topic = {theorem-proving;linear-logic;}
  }

@article{ tamminga:2004a,
  author = {Allard Tamminga},
  title = {Expansion and Contraction of Finite States},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {76},
  number = {1},
  pages = {427--442},
  topic = {belief-revision;}
  }

@incollection{ tan_sw-pearl:1994a,
  author = {Sek-Wah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Specification and Evaluation of Preferences Under Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {530--539},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;preferences;qualitative-utility;kr-course;}
  }

@inproceedings{ tan_sw-pearl:1994b,
  author = {Sekwah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Qualitative Decision Theory},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Korf},
  pages = {928--933},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;}
  }

@incollection{ tan_sw-pearl:1994c,
  author = {Sekwah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Specification and Evaluation of Preferences Under
  	Uncertainty},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {530--539},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {qualitative-utility;preferences;}
  }

@inproceedings{ tan_sw-pearl:1995a,
  author = {Sek-Wah Tan and Judea Pearl},
  title = {Specificity and Inheritance in Default Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1480--1486},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {inheritance-theory;specificity;probability-semantics;}
 }

@inproceedings{ tan_t-werlang:1988a,
  author = {Tommy Tan and Sergio R.D.C. Werlang},
  title = {A Guide to Knowledge and Games},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Theoretical
  	Aspects of Reasoning about Knowledge},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Moshe Y. Vardi},
  pages = {163--177},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {epistemic-logic;game-theory;}
  }

@incollection{ tan_yh-vandertorre:1996a,
  author = {Yaohua Tan and Leendert W.N. {van der Torre}},
  title = {How to Combine Ordering and Minimizing in a Deontic
  	Logic Based on Preferences},
  booktitle = {Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems:
  	$\Delta${EON}'96, Third International Workshop on Deontic
	Logic in Computer Science, Sesimbra, Portugal, 11--13 January
	1996},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Mark A. Brown and Jos\'e Carmo},
  pages = {216--232},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {deontic-logic;preferences;}
  }

@incollection{ tanaka_k1:1998a,
  author = {Keiko Tanaka},
  title = {The {J}apanese Adverbial {\it yahiri} or {\it yappari}},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {23--46},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {relevance-theory;Japanese-language;}
  }

@article{ tanaka_k2:2001a,
  author = {Koji Tanaka},
  title = {Review of \emph{{R}easoning with Logic Programming}, by
  	{J}os\'e {J}ulio {A}lferes and {L}u\'is {M}oniz {P}ereira},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {118--120},
  xref = {Review of alferes-pereira_lm:1996a.},
  topic = {logic-programming;}
  }

@article{ tanaka_k2:2001b,
  author = {Koji Tanaka},
  title = {Review of \emph{{M}ental Logic}, by {M}artin {D}.{S}. {B}raine and
  	{D}avid {P}. {O}'{B}rian},
  journal = {Studia Logica},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {68},
  number = {2},
  pages = {299--300},
  xref = {Review of: braine-obrian_dp:1998a.},
  topic = {logic-and-cognition;}
  }

@inproceedings{ tanaka_t1-etal:2005a,
  author = {Takaaki Tanaka and Francis Bond and Stephan Oepen and
  		Sanae Fujita},
  title = {High Precision Treebanking---Blazing Useful Trees Using
  		{POS} Information},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the
  		Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'05)},
  month = {June},
  year = {2005},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages = {330--337},
  url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P/P05/P05-1041},
  topic = {corpus-annotation;Japanese-language;}
  }

@inproceedings{ tanaka_t2:1991a,
  author = {Takuro Tanaka},
  title = {Lexical Decomposition and Comparative Structures for
  	{J}apanese Determiners},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {XVI}},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {Masayuki Gibson and Jonathan Howell},
  publisher = {CLC Publications},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  url = {http://research.nii.ac.jp/salt16/proceedings/Tanaka2006SALT16.pdf},
  topic = {Japanese-language;lexical-semantics;}
  }

@article{ tanakaishii-etal:2000a,
  author = {Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and Ian Frank and Katsuto Arai},
  title = {Trying to Understand RoboCup},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {21},
  number = {3},
  pages = {19--24},
  topic = {robotics;RoboCup;}
  }

@book{ tanenbaum:1984a,
  author = {Andrew S. Tanenbaum},
  edition = {2},
  title = {Structured Computer Organization},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1984},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0138544891},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA76.6 .T16 1984.},
  topic = {software-engineering;structured-programming;}
 }

@book{ tanenbaum:1990a,
  author = {Andrew S. Tanenbaum},
  edition = {3},
  title = {Structured Computer Organization},
  publisher = {Prentice Hall},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0138546622},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA 76.6 .T16 1990.},
  topic = {structured-programming;}
 }

@inproceedings{ tanenhaus-etal:1996a,
  author = {Michael K. Tanenhaus and Michael J. Spivey-Knowlton and
  	Kathleen M Eberhard and Julie C. Sedivy and Paul D. Allopenna
	and James S. Magnuson},
  title = {Using Eye Movements to Study Spoken Language
  	Comprehension: Evidence for Incremental Interpretation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the
  	Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Arivind Joshi and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {48--54},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco},
  topic = {parsing-psychology;nl-comprehension-psychology;}
 }

@incollection{ tang_lr-mooney_rj:2000a,
  author = {Lappoon R. Tang and Raymond J. Mooney},
  title = {Automated Construction of Database Interfaces: Integrating
		Statistical and Relational Learning for Semantic
		Parsing},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 Joint {SIGDAT} Conference
  	on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Hinrich Sch\"utze and Keh-Yih Su},
  pages = {133--141},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-interfaces;machine-learning;}
  }

@article{ tang_pz-lin_fz:2009a,
  author = {Pingzhong Tang and Fangzhen Lin},
  title = {Computer-Aided Proofs of {A}rrow's and Other Impossibility
  		Theorems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {173},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1041--1053},
  topic = {social-choice-theory;Arrow's-theorem;
  	computer-assisted-mathematics;}
  }

@article{ tannsjo:1989a,
  author = {Torbj{\"o}rn T{\"a}nnsj{\"o}},
  title = {The Morality of Collective Actions},
  journal = {The Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {221--228},
  topic = {group-action;}
    }

@book{ tanz:1980a,
  author = {Christine Tanz},
  title = {Studies in the Acquisition of Deictic Terms},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {deixis;L1-acquisition;pragmatics;}
 }

@article{ tappenden:1990a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Review of `Truth, Vagueness, and Paradox', by
  	{V}ann {M}c{G}ee},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1},
  pages = {142--144},
  topic = {vagueness;truth;semantic-paradoxes;}
  }

@article{ tappenden:1993a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {The Liar and Sorites Paradoxes: Towards a Unified Account},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {90},
  number = {11},
  pages = {551--577},
  topic = {semantic-paradoxes;vagueness;sorites-paradox;}
  }

@article{ tappenden:1993b,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Analytic Truth---It's Worse (or Perhaps Better) than
  	You Thought},
  journal = {Philosophical Topics},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {21},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--261},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {analyticity;}
  }

@article{ tappenden:1995a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Extending Knowledge and `Fruitful Concepts': Fregean Themes
  	in the Philosophy of Mathematics},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {29},
  number = {4},
  pages = {427--467},
  topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;definitions;}
  }

@article{ tappenden:1995b,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Geometry and Generality in {F}rege's Philosophy of
  	Arithmetic},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {102},
  pages = {319--361},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {Frege;philosophy-of-mathematics;}
  }

@unpublished{ tappenden:1996a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Negation, Denial and Language Change in Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1996},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Philosophy Department, University
  	of Pittsbugh.  Forthcoming in What is Negation, Dov Gabbay, ed.,
	Kluwer.},
  topic = {negation;semantic-paradoxes;truth-value-gaps;}
  }

@article{ tappenden:2001a,
  author = {Jamie Tappenden},
  title = {Recent Work in the Philosophy of Mathematics},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {98},
  number = {9},
  note = {Review of \emph{{N}aturalism in Mathematics}, by {P}enelope
  	{M}addy, {\it Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and
	Ontology}, by {S}tewart {S}hapiro, and {\it Mathematics as a
	Science of Patterns}, by {M}ichael {R}esnik.},
  pages = {488--497},
  xref = {Review of: maddy:1997a, shapiro_s1:1997a, resnik:1997a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}
  }

@article{ tappert-dixon_nr:1974a,
  author = {C.C. Tappert and N.R. Dixon},
  title = {A Procedure for Adaptive Control of the
  	Interaction between Acoustic Classification and Linguistic
	Decoding in Automatic Recognition of Continuous Speech},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1974},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95--113},
  topic = {speech-recognition;}
  }

@incollection{ tarau-dahl_v:1994a,
  author = {Paul Tarau and Veronica Dahl},
  title = {Logic Programming and Logic
    		Grammars with First-Order Continuations},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {215--230},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}
  }

@article{ tarski:1936a1,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {Der {W}ahrheitsbegriff {i}n {d}en {f}ormalizierten {S}prachen},
  journal = {Studia Philosophica},
  year = {1936},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {261--405},
  xref = {English translation: tarski:1936a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;truth;logic-classic;semantic-paradoxes;}
 }

@incollection{ tarski:1936a2,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages},
  booktitle = {Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1956},
  editor = {Alfred Tarski},
  pages = {152--278},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Translated by J.H. Woodger},
  xref = {English translation of: tarski:1936a2.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;truth;logic-classic;semantic-paradoxes;}
  }

@article{ tarski:1939a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {On Undecidable Statements in Enlarged Systems of Logic
  	and the Concept of Truth},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1939},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {105--112},
  topic = {truth;(in)completeness;}
  }

@article{ tarski:1944a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {The Semantic Conception of Truth and the Foundations of
		Semantics},
  journal = {Philosophy and Phenomenological Research},
  year = {1944},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {341--375},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  rtnote = {Reading notes on file.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;truth;}
  }

@article{ tarski:1955a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {A Lattice-Theoretic Fixpoint Theorem and Its Applications},
  journal = {Pacific Journal of Mathematics},
  year = {1955},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {285--309},
  topic = {lattice-theory;fixpoints;}
  }

@book{ tarski:1956a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1956},
  address = {Oxford},
  rtnote = {UMich BC 135.T19},
  note = {Translated by J.H. Woodger},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Logic shelves.},
  topic = {logic-classics;}
 }

@incollection{ tarski:1956b,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {The Establishment of Scientific Semantics},
  booktitle = {Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1956},
  editor = {Alfred Tarski},
  pages = {401--408},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Translated by J.H. Woodger},
  xref = {An address originally given in Paris in 1935.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ tarski:1956c,
  author = {Alfred Tarski},
  title = {On the Concept of Logical Consequence},
  booktitle = {Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1956},
  editor = {Alfred Tarski},
  pages = {409--420},
  address = {Oxford},
  note = {Translated by J.H. Woodger},
  xref = {An address originally given in Paris in 1935.},
  topic = {logical-consequence;}
  }

@book{ tarski-etal:1953a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski and A. Mostowski and Raphael Robinson},
  title = {Undecidable Theories},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1953},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {undecidability;}
 }

@article{ tarski-givant:1999a,
  author = {Alfred Tarski and Steven Givant},
  title = {Tarski's System of Geometry},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {175--214},
  note = {A letter written originally ca. 1978.},
  topic = {formalizations-of-geometry;}
  }

@article{ taschek:1993a,
  author = {William W. Taschek},
  title = {Review of \emph{{U}nreality: The Metaphysics
  	of Fictional Objects}, by {C}harles {C}rittenden},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {102},
  number = {4},
  pages = {608--611},
  xref = {Review of: crittenden:1991a},
  topic = {fiction;logic-of-existence;}
  }

@article{ taschek:1998a,
  author = {William W. Taschek},
  title = {On Ascribing Beliefs: Content in Context},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {95},
  number = {7},
  pages = {323--353},
  topic = {context;pragmatics;Pierre-puzzle;}
  }

@article{ taschek:2003a,
  author = {William W. Taschek},
  title = {Review of \emph{{C}ontext and Content: Essays on Intensionality
		Speech and Thought}, by {R}obert {C}. {S}talnaker},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {100},
  number = {2},
  pages = {98--108},
  xref = {Review of- stalnaker:1999a.},
  topic = {pragmatics;conditionals;philosophy-of-language;
		philosophy-of-mind;hyperintensionality;}
  }

@book{ tauber-ackermann_d:1991a,
  editor = {M.J. Tauber and D. Ackermann},
  title = {Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 2},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444886028},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA 76.9 .H85 M471 1991.},
  topic = {HCI;}
 }

@incollection{ taylor_b:1976a,
  author = {Barry Taylor},
  title = {States of Affairs},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {263--284},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {propositions;philosophical-ontology;}
  }

@article{ taylor_b:1977a,
  author = {Barry Taylor},
  title = {Tense and Continuity},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {199--220},
  rtnote = {This has references to Aristotle's theory of
  	Aktionsarten.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {nl-semantics;tense-aspect;aktionsarten;}
  }

@incollection{ taylor_ccw:1986a,
  author = {C.C.W. Taylor},
  title = {Emotions and Wants},
  booktitle = {The Ways of Desire: New Essays in Philosophical
  	Psychology on the Concept of Wanting},
  publisher = {Precedent Publishing, Inc.},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Joel Marks},
  pages = {217--231},
  address = {Chicago},
  topic = {emotion;desires;philosophical-psychology;}
  }

@phdthesis{ taylor_cn:1992a,
  author = {C.N. Taylor},
  title = {A Formal Logical Analysis of Causal Relations},
  school = {Sussex University},
  year = {1992},
  type = {D.Phil Thesis.},
  address = {Brighton},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  note = {Also available as Sussex University Cognitive Science Research
  	Paper No.~257.},
  topic = {causality;}
 }

@book{ taylor_d-armstrong_jc:1998a,
  author = {Dave Taylor and James C. Armstrong},
  title = {Teach Yourself {UNIX} in 24 Hours},
  publisher = {Sams},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Indianapolis},
  ISBN = {067231480-0},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Computer Desk Shelf.},
  topic = {operating-system-manual;UNIX;}
 }

@incollection{ taylor_g:2006a,
  author = {Gabrielle Taylor},
  title = {Frank Ramsey---A Biographical Sketch},
  booktitle = {Cambridge and {V}ienna: {F}rank {P}. {R}amsey and
           the {V}ienna {C}ircle},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2006},
  editor = {Maria Carla Galavotti},
  pages = {1--18},
  address = {Berlin},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {F.P.Ramsey;}
  }

@article{ taylor_jg:2005a,
  author = {John G. Taylor},
  title = {Review of \emph{On Intelligence}, by {J}eff {H}awkins
  		and {S}andra {B}lakeslee},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {169},
  number = {2},
  pages = {192--195},
  xref = {Review of: hawkins_j-blakeslee:2004a},
  topic = {neurocognition;foundations-of-AI;}
  }

@article{ taylor_ka:1988a,
  author = {Kenneth A. Taylor},
  title = {We've Got You Coming and Going},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {493--513},
  topic = {indexicals;deixis;pragmatics;}
  }

@book{ taylor_ka:1998a,
  editor = {Kenneth A. Taylor},
  title = {Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of
		Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;}
 }

@incollection{ taylor_ka:2002a,
  author = {Kenneth A. Taylor},
  title = {De Re and De Dicto: Against the Conventional Wisdon},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 16: Language and Mind, 2002},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {225--265},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {individual-attitudes;philosophy-of-language;}
  }

@book{ taylor_m:1987a,
  author = {Michael Taylor},
  title = {The Possibility of Cooperation},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0521327938},
  rtnote = {UMich GRADUATE LIBRARY, HX833 .T381 1987.},
  topic = {cooperation;political-science;}
 }

@book{ taylor_mm-etal:1989a,
  editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis},
  title = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 1},
  publisher = {North-Holland Publishing Co.},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {0444874216},
  topic = {multimodal-communication;computational-dialogue;}
 }

@book{ taylor_mm-etal:2000a,
  editor = {Michael M. Taylor and F. N\'eel and and Don G. Bouwhuis},
  title = {The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue, Volume 2},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  ISBN = {1556197624 (US, Hb)},
  rtnote = {Not at UMich.},
  topic = {multimodal-communication;computational-dialogue;}
 }

@article{ taylor_r:1957a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {The Problem of Future Contingency},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1957},
  volume = {1957},
  number = {66},
  pages = {1--28},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}
  }

@article{ taylor_r:1960a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {I Can},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1960},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {78--89},
  number = {1},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {ability;}
  }

@article{ taylor_r:1962a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Fatalism},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {71},
  number = {1},
  pages = {56--66},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  xref = {Commentary: brown_cd:1965a, sharvy:1964a, cahn:1964a.
  		Also see: taylor:1964a.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}
  }

@book{ taylor_r:1963a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Metaphysics},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1963},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Contemp Phil. Shelves.},
  topic = {metaphysics;}
 }

@article{ taylor_r:1964a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Deliberation and Foreknowledge},
  journal = {American Philosophical Quarterly},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--8},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}
  }

@article{ taylor_r:1964b,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Comment},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1964},
  volume = {62},
  number = {10},
  pages = {305--307},
  xref = {Commentary on: sharvy:1964a, cahn:1964a.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {(in)determinism;}
  }

@book{ taylor_r:1966a,
  author = {Richard Taylor},
  title = {Action and Purpose},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  year = {1966},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey},
  topic = {action;intention;freedom;volition;}
 }

@article{ taylor_rg:2008a,
  author = {R. Gregory Taylor},
  title = {Symmetric Propositions and Logical Quantifiers},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1},
  pages = {575--591},
  topic = {generalized-quantifiers;}
  }

@book{ taylor_rn-coutaz:1995a,
  author = {Richard N. Taylor and Jo\"elle Coutaz},
  title = {Software Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction:
  	{ICSE}'94 Workshop on {SE-HCI}},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Berlin},
  ISBN = {3540590080 (paper)},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, QA 76.758 .I31 1994.},
  topic = {HCI;software-engineering;}
 }

@article{ taylor_t:2001a,
  author = {Tim Taylor},
  title = {Review of \emph{{I}ntroduction to Artificial Life},
  	by {C}hristoph {A}dami},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {130},
  number = {1},
  pages = {119--121},
  xref = {Review of: adami:1998a.},
  topic = {artificial-life;}
  }

@article{ teahan-etal:2000a,
  author = {W.J. Teahan and Yingying Wen and Rodger McNab and Ian H.
  	Witten},
  title = {A Compression-Based Algorithm for {C}hinese Word
  	Segmentation},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {375--393},
  topic = {word-segmentation;Chinese-language;}
  }

@article{ tecuci-etal:2001a,
  author = {Gheorghe Tecuci and Mihai Boicu and Mike Bowman and
  	Dorin Marcu},
  title = {An Innovative Application from the {DARPA} Knowledge
  	Bases Programs: Rapid Development of a Course-of-Action
	Critiquer},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43--61},
  topic = {software-engineering;expert-systems;}
  }

@article{ tecucu-etal:2007a,
  author = {Gheorghe Tecucu and Mihai Boicu and Michael T. Cox},
  title = {Seven Aspects of Mixed-Initiative Reasoning},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {28},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11--18},
  topic = {mixed-initiative-systems;}
  }

@incollection{ teege:1994a,
  author = {Gunnar Teege},
  title = {Making the Difference: A Subtraction Operation for
  	Description Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {540--550},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;description-logics;extensions-of-kl1;kr-course;}
  }

@book{ teich:1999a,
  author = {Elke Teich},
  title = {Systemic Functional Grammar in Natural Language
  	Generation: Linguistic Description and Computational
	Representation},
  publisher = {Cassell},
  year = {1999},
  address = {London},
  ISBN = {0-304-70168-8},
  xref = {Review: wilcock:2000a.},
  topic = {systemic-grammar;nl-generation;}
 }

@incollection{ teich-etal:1996a,
  author = {Elke Teich and Liesbeth Degand and John A. Bateman},
  title = {Multilingual Textuality: Some Experiences from
  	Multilingual Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Trends in Natural Language Generation, An Artificial
  		Intelligence Perspective, Fourth {E}uropean Workshop,
		{EWNLG} '93, Pisa, Italy, April 28-30, 1993, Selected
		Papers},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume = {1036},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Giovanni Adorni and Michael Zock},
  pages = {31--349},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-generation;multilingual-nlp;}
  }

@incollection{ teichmann:1996a,
  author = {Roger Teichmann},
  title = {Statements of Property-Identity and Event-Identity},
  booktitle = {Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of {A}rthur
  	{P}rior},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Jack Copeland},
  pages = {461--476},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {propositions;events;identity;}
  }

@article{ teller_a-veloso_mm:2000a,
  author = {Astro Teller and Manuela Veloso},
  title = {Internal Reinforcement in a Connectionist Genetic
  	Programming Approach},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {120},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--198},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Genetic programming (GP) can learn complex concepts by searching
     for the target concept through evolution of a population of
     candidate hypothesis programs. However, unlike some learning
     techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), GP does
     not have a principled procedure for changing parts of a learned
     structure based on that structure's performance on the training
     data.  GP is missing a clear, locally optimal update procedure,
     the equivalent of gradient-descent backpropagation for ANNs.
     This article introduces a new algorithm, "internal
     reinforcement", for defining and using performance feedback on
     program evolution.  This internal reinforcement principled
     mechanism is developed within a new connectionist representation
     for evolving parameterized programs, namely "neural
     programming". We present the algorithms for the generation of
     credit and blame assignment in the process of learning programs
     using neural programming and internal reinforcement. The article
     includes a comprehensive overview of genetic programming and
     empirical experiments that demonstrate the increased learning
     rate obtained by using our principled program evolution
     approach.
 },
  topic = {machine-learning;genetic-algorithms;connectionist-modeling;}
  }

@incollection{ teller_i:1998a,
  author = {Isabelle Teller},
  title = {Syntactic-Semantic Learning of Categorial Grammars},
  booktitle = {New Methods in Language Processing and Computational
  		Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {David M.W. Powers},
  pages = {311--314},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-learning;}
  }

@incollection{ teller_i:1999a,
  author = {Isabelle Teller},
  title = {Towards a Semantic-Based Theory of Language Learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth {A}msterdam Colloquium},
  publisher = {ILLC/Department of Philosophy, University
		of Amsterdam},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Paul Dekker},
  pages = {217--222},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {language-learning;}
  }

@incollection{ teller_p:1976a,
  author = {Paul Teller},
  title = {Conditionalization, Observation, and Change of Preference},
  booktitle = {Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical
  	Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Volume 1},
  publisher = {D. Reidel Publishers},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {William L. Harper and Clifford A. Hooker},
  pages = {205--259},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;preferece;}
  }

@incollection{ teller_p:2000a,
  author = {Paul Teller},
  title = {The Gauge Argument},
  booktitle = {{PSA}'1998: Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings
  	of the Philosophy of Science Association, Part {II}:
	Symposium Papers},
  publisher = {Philosophy of Science Association},
  year = {2000},
  editor = {Don A. Howard},
  pages = {S466--S481},
  address = {Newark, Delaware},
  topic = {philosophy-of-physics;gauge-theory;}
  }

@article{ teller_p:2001a,
  author = {Paul Teller},
  title = {The Ins and Outs of Counterfactual Switching},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3},
  pages = {365--393},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-theory;individuation;
  	quantifying-in-modality;}
  }

@article{ teller_p:2002a,
  author = {Paul Teller},
  title = {Review of \emph{{T}he Dappled World: A Study in the
  	Boundaries of Science}, by {N}ancy {C}artwright},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  number = {4},
  pages = {699--725},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;}
  }

@article{ teller_v:2000a,
  author = {Virginia Teller},
  title = {Review of \emph{{S}peech and Language Processing: An
  	Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational
	Linguistics, and Speech Recognition}, by {D}aniel {J}urafsky and
	{J}ames {H}. {M}artin},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {638--641},
  xref = {Review of: jurafsky-martin_j:2000a.},
  topic = {nlp-intro;}
  }

@incollection{ tellier:1998a,
  author = {Isabelle Tellier},
  title = {Syntactico-Semantic Learning of Categorical Grammars},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint Conference on New Methods in
  	Language Processing and Computational Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Jill C. Burstein and Claudia Leacock},
  pages = {311--314},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {grammar-learning;}
  }

@incollection{ temizsoy-ciceki:1998a,
  author = {Murai Temizsoy and Hyas Ciceki},
  title = {A Language-Independent System for Generating Feature
  	Structures from Interlingua Representations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {188--197},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;machine-translation;interlinguas;}
  }

@incollection{ tencate:2002a,
  author = {Balder ten Cate},
  title = {On the Logic of D-Separation},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	L. McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {568--577},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;Bayessian-networks;}
  }

@article{ tencate:2002b,
  author = {Balder ten Cate},
  title = {Interpolation for Extended Modal Languages},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1},
  pages = {223--234},
  topic = {interpolation-theorems;modal-logic;}
  }

@incollection{ tencate-etal:2006a,
  author = {Balder den Cate and Willem Conradie and Maarten Marx and
    		Yde Venema},
  title = {Definitorually Complete Description Logics},
  booktitle = {{KR}2006: Proceedings, Tenth International Conference on
      Principles of  Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  year = {2006},
  editor = {Patrick Doherty and John Mylopoulos and Christopher A. Welty},
  pages = {79--89},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {description-logics;definability;completeness-theorems;}
  }

@article{ tencate-franceschet:2005a,
  author = {Balder ten Cate and Massimo Franceschet},
  title = {Grarded Fragments with Constants},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {281--288},
  topic = {guarded-fragments;decidability;subtheories-of-FOL;}
  }

@article{ tenenbaum-barrow_hg:1977a,
  author = {J.M. Tenenbaum and H.G. Barrow},
  title = {Experiments in Interpretation-Guided Segmentation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {241--274},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper presents a new approach for integrating the
     segmentation and interpretation phases of scene analysis.
     Knowledge from a variety of sources is used to make inferences
     about the interpretations of regions, and regions are merged in
     accordance with their possible interpretations.
      The deduction of region interpretations is performed using a
     generalization of Waltz's filtering algorithm.  Deduction
     proceeds by eliminating possible region interpretations that are
     not consistent with any possible interpretation of an adjacent
     region.  Different sources of knowledge are expressed uniformly
     as constraints on the possible interpretations of regions.
     Multiple sources of knowledge can thus be combined in a
     straightforward way such that incremental additions of knowledge
     (or equivalently, human guidance) will effect incremental
     improvements in performance.
      Experimental results are reported in three scene domains,
     landscapes, mechanical equipment, and rooms, using,
     respectively, a human collaborator, a geometric model and a set
     of relational constraints as sources of knowledge.  These
     experiments demonstrate that segmentation is much improved when
     integrated with interpretation.  Moreover, the integrated
     approach incurs only a small computational overhead over
     unguided segmentation.
      Applications of the approach in cartography,
     photointerpretation, vehicle guidance, medicine, and motion
     picture analysis are suggested.  },
  topic = {scene-reconstruction;autonomous-vehicles;}
  }

@phdthesis{ tenenberg:1988a,
  author = {Josh D. Tenenberg},
  title = {Abstraction in Planning},
  school = {Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester},
  year = {1988},
  type = {Ph.{D}. Dissertation},
  address = {Rochester, New York},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.  CS MS shelves.},
  topic = {planning;abstraction;}
 }

@incollection{ tenenberg:1989a,
  author = {Josh D. Tenenberg},
  title = {Inheritance in Automated Planning},
  booktitle = {{KR}'89: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {Ronald J. Brachman and Hector J. Levesque and Raymond Reiter},
  pages = {475--485},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;inheritance;abstraction;planning;kr-course;}
  }

@incollection{ tengi:1998a,
  author = {Randee I. Tengi},
  title = {Design and Implemetation of the {W}ord{N}et
     		Database and Searching Software},
  booktitle = {Word{N}et: An Electronic Lexical Database},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christaine Fellbaum},
  pages = {105--127},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {wordnet;nlp-lexicons;computational-lexicography;}
  }

@inproceedings{ tenhacken-bopp:1998a,
  author = {Pius ten Hacken and Stephan Bopp},
  title = {Separable Verbs in a Reusable Morphological Dictionary for
  	{G}erman},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the
  	{A}ssociation for {C}omputational {L}inguistics and
	Seventeenth International Conference on
	Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Christian Boitet and Pete Whitelock},
  pages = {471--475},
  organization = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {German-language;separable-verbs;
  	computational-lexicography;}
 }

@book{ tennant_hr:1981a,
  author = {Harry R. Tennant},
  title = {Natural Language Processing: An Introduction to an
  	Emerging Technology},
  publisher = {Petrocelli Books},
  year = {1981},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0894331000},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, P98 .T41.},
  topic = {nl-processing;nlp-intro;}
 }

@article{ tennant_n:1977a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {Continuity and Identity},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--231},
  topic = {individuation;}
  }

@article{ tennant_n:1980a,
  author = {Niel Tennant},
  title = {A Proof-Theoretic Approach to Entailment},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {185--209},
  topic = {relevance-logic;proof-theory;}
  }

@article{ tennant_n:1981a,
  author = {Neil Tennant},
  title = {Formal Games and Forms for Games},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},

repository: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

repo_name: sergiud/bibtex-spirit