text:
}

@Article{RSM:Ere2011b,
  author =       "B. Erem and D.H. Brooks and P.M. van Dam and J.G.
                 Stinstra and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Spatiotemporal estimation of activation times of
                 fractionated ECGs on complex heart surfaces.",
  journal =      c-EMBS2011,
  year =         "2011",
  volume =       "2011",
  pages =        "5884--5887",
  robnote =      "Identification of electrical activation or depolarization
                 times on sparsely-sampled complex heart surfaces is of
                 importance to clinicians and researchers in cardiac
                 electrophysiology. We introduce a spatiotemporal approach
                 for activation time estimation which combines prior
                 results using spatial and temporal methods with our own
                 progress on gradient estimation on triangulated surfaces.
                 Results of the method applied to simulated and canine
                 heart data suggest that improvements are possible using
                 this novel combined approach.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 18 08:09:07 2013",
  pmcid =        "PMC3345888",
}

@Article{RSM:Ere2011c,
  author =       "B. Erem and P.M. van Dam and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Analysis of the criteria of activation-based inverse
                 electrocardiography using convex optimization.",
  journal =      "Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc",
  year =         "2011",
  volume =       "2011",
  pages =        "3913--3916",
  robnote =      "In inverse electrocardiography (ECG), the problem of
                 finding activation times on the heart noninvasively from
                 body surface potentials is typically formulated as a
                 nonlinear least squares optimization problem. Current
                 solutions rely on iterative algorithms which are sensitive
                 to the presence of local minima. As a result, improved
                 initialization approaches for this problem have been of
                 considerable interest. However, in experiments conducted
                 on a subject with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, we have
                 observed that there may be a mismatch between favorable
                 solutions of the optimization problem and solutions with
                 the desired physiological characteristics. In this work,
                 we use a method based on a convex optimization framework
                 to explore the solution space and analyze whether the
                 optimization criteria target their intended objective.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 10 19:47:10 2016",
  pmcid =        "PMC3359386",
}

@Article{RSM:Ere2012,
  author =       "B. Erem and P. Stovicek and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Manifold learning for analysis of low-order nonlinear
                 dynamics in high-dimensional electrocardiographic signals.",
  journal =      "Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging",
  year =         "2012",
  month =        "Jul",
  volume =       "2012",
  pages =        "844--847",
  robnote =      "The dynamical structure of electrical recordings from the
                 heart or torso surface is a valuable source of information
                 about cardiac physiological behavior. In this paper, we
                 use an existing data-driven technique for manifold
                 identification to reveal electrophysiologically
                 significant changes in the underlying dynamical structure
                 of these signals. Our results suggest that this analysis
                 tool characterizes and differentiates important parameters
                 of cardiac bioelectric activity through their dynamic
                 behavior, suggesting the potential to serve as an
                 effective dynamic constraint in the context of inverse
                 solutions.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 10 19:47:10 2016",
  pmcid =        "PMC3479151",
}

@Article{RSM:Ere2014,
  author =       "B. Erem and P.M. van Dam and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Identifying model inaccuracies and solution uncertainties
                 in noninvasive activation-based imaging of cardiac
                 excitation using convex relaxation.",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
  year =         "2014",
  month =        "Apr",
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "902--912",
  robnote =      "Noninvasive imaging of cardiac electrical function has
                 begun to move towards clinical adoption. Here, we consider
                 one common formulation of the problem, in which the goal
                 is to estimate the spatial distribution of electrical
                 activation times during a cardiac cycle. We address the
                 challenge of understanding the robustness and uncertainty
                 of solutions to this formulation. This formulation poses a
                 nonconvex, nonlinear least squares optimization problem.
                 We show that it can be relaxed to be convex, at the cost
                 of some degree of physiological realism of the solution
                 set, and that this relaxation can be used as a framework
                 to study model inaccuracy and solution uncertainty. We
                 present two examples, one using data from a healthy human
                 subject and the other synthesized with the ECGSIM software
                 package. In the first case, we consider uncertainty in the
                 initial guess and regularization parameter. In the second
                 case, we mimic the presence of an ischemic zone in the
                 heart in a way which violates a model assumption. We show
                 that the convex relaxation allows understanding of spatial
                 distribution of parameter sensitivity in the first case,
                 and identification of model violation in the second.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 10 19:47:10 2016",
  pmcid =        "PMC3982205",
}

@Article{RSM:Ere2014a,
  author =       "B. Erem and J. Coll-Font and R.M. Orellana and P.
                 Stovicek and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Using transmural regularization and dynamic modeling for
                 noninvasive cardiac potential imaging of endocardial
                 pacing with imprecise thoracic geometry.",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
  year =         "2014",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "726--738",
  robnote =      "Here we
                 address two of these impediments: the difficulty of
                 reconstructing electric potentials on the inner
                 (endocardial) as well as outer (epicardial) surfaces of
                 the ventricles, and the need for full anatomical imaging
                 of the subject's thorax to build an accurate
                 subject-specific geometry. We introduce two new features
                 in our reconstruction algorithm: a nonlinear low-order
                 dynamic parameterization derived from the measured body
                 surface signals, and a technique to jointly regularize
                 both surfaces. With these methodological innovations in
                 combination, it is possible to reconstruct endocardial
                 activation from clinically acquired measurements with an
                 imprecise thorax geometry. In particular we test the
                 method using body surface potentials acquired from three
                 subjects during clinical procedures where the subjects'
                 hearts were paced on their endocardia using a catheter
                 device. Our geometric models were constructed using a set
                 of CT scans limited in axial extent to the immediate
                 region near the heart. The catheter system provides a
                 reference location to which we compare our results. We
                 compare our estimates of pacing site localization, in
                 terms of both accuracy and stability, to those reported in
                 a recent clinical publication , where a full set of CT
                 scans were available and only epicardial potentials were
                 reconstructed.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 10 19:47:10 2016",
  pmcid =        "PMC3950945",
}

@Article{RSM:Ere2016,
  author =       "B. Erem and R. Martinez Orellana and D.E. Hyde and J.M.
                 Peters and F.H. Duffy and P. Stovicek and S.K. Warfield
                 and R.S. MacLeod and G. Tadmor and D.H. Brooks",
  title =        "Extensions to a manifold learning framework for
                 time-series analysis on dynamic manifolds in bioelectric
                 signals.",
  journal =      "Phys Rev E",
  year =         "2016",
  month =        "Apr",
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1--21",
  robnote =      "We focus on a combination
                 of the well-known Laplacian eigenmaps machine learning
                 approach with dynamical systems ideas to analyze emergent
                 dynamic behaviors. The method reconstructs the abstract
                 dynamical system phase-space geometry of the embedded
                 measurements and tracks changes in physiological
                 conditions or activities through changes in that geometry.
                 It is geared to extract information from the joint
                 behavior of time traces obtained from large sensor arrays,
                 such as those used in multiple-electrode ECG and EEG, and
                 explore the geometrical structure of the low dimensional
                 embedding of moving time windows of those joint snapshots.
                 Our main contribution is a method for mapping vectors from
                 the phase space to the data domain. We present cases to
                 evaluate the methods, including a synthetic example using
                 the chaotic Lorenz system, several sets of cardiac
                 measurements from both canine and human hearts, and
                 measurements from a human brain.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 25 21:47:00 2016",
  pmcid =        "4866516",
}

@Article{RSM:Eri91,
  author =       "K. Eriksson and C. Johnson",
  title =        "Adaptive finite element methods for parabolic problems
                 1: a linear model problem",
  journal =      j-SIAM-J-NUM,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--77",
  robnote =      "A mathematical paper on adaptive methods in finite
                 elements",
}

@Article{RSM:Erk2015,
  author =       "D. Erkapic and T. Neumann",
  title =        "Ablation of premature ventricular complexes exclusively
                 guided by three-dimensional noninvasive mapping.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "109--115",
  robnote =      "Preprocedural detailed characterization of premature
                 ventricular complexes before ablation, currently limited
                 to the 12-lead electrocardiogram, may aid in planning and
                 improve procedural outcomes. This article summarizes
                 current published data on feasibility, accuracy, and
                 impact on clinical outcomes of a novel, three-dimensional,
                 noninvasive, single-beat mapping system (ECVUE,
                 CardioInsight). ECVUE technology offers premature
                 ventricular complex characterization and localization with
                 clinically relevant accuracy and performance superior to
                 the surface electrocardiogram. With its noninvasive and
                 single beat advantages, ECVUE has the potential to
                 simplify mapping, and reduce ablation and procedural time.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Erm2000,
  author =       "J.J. Ermer and J.C. Mosher and M. Huang and R.M.
                 Leahy",
  title =        "Paired {MEG} data set source localization using
                 recursively applied and projected ({RAP}) {MUSIC} [In
                 Process Citation]",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        sep,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1248--1260",
  robnote =      "Here we describe a new method for processing paired
                 magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data sets using our
                 recursively applied and projected multiple signal
                 classification (RAP-MUSIC) algorithm. In this method
                 the signal subspace of the Task data is projected
                 against the orthogonal complement of the Control data
                 signal subspace to obtain a subspace which describes
                 spatial activity unique to the Task. A RAP-MUSIC
                 localization search is then performed on this projected
                 data to localize the sources which are active in the
                 Task but not in the Control data. In addition to
                 dipolar sources, effective blocking of more complex
                 sources, e.g., multiple synchronously activated dipoles
                 or synchronously activated distributed source activity,
                 is possible since these topographies are well-described
                 by the Control data signal subspace. Unlike previously
                 published methods, the proposed method is shown to be
                 effective in situations where the time series
                 associated with Control and Task activity possess
                 significant cross correlation. The method also allows
                 for straightforward determination of the estimated time
                 series of the localized target sources. A multiepoch
                 MEG simulation and a phantom experiment are presented
                 to demonstrate the ability of this method to
                 successfully identify sources and their time series in
                 the Task data.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 23 10:02:52 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Ern2015,
  author =       "S. Ernst and J. Saenen and R. Rydman and F. Gomez and K.
                 Roy and L. Mantziari and I. Suman-Horduna",
  title =        "Utility of noninvasive arrhythmia mapping in patients
                 with adult congenital heart disease.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "117--123",
  robnote =      "Arrhythmia management in patients with adult congenital
                 heart disease (ACHD) is a challenge on many levels, as
                 tachycardic episodes may lead to hemodynamic impairment in
                 otherwise compensated patients even if episodes are only
                 transient. Recently several technical advances, including
                 3-dimensional (3D) image integration, 3D mapping, and
                 remote magnetic navigation, have been introduced to
                 facilitate curatively intended ablation procedures in
                 patients with ACHD. This review attempts to outline the
                 role of a novel technology of simultaneous, noninvasive
                 mapping in this patient cohort, and gives details of the
                 authors' single-center experience.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Ern99,
  author =       "T. Ernst and O. Speck and L. Ittl and L Chang",
  title =        "Simultaneous Correction for Interdscan Patient Motion
                 and Geometric Distortion in Echoplanar Imaging",
  journal =      "Mag. Res. in Med.",
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "42",
  pages =        "201--205",
  robnote =      "article from Laura on MRI processing",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 29 09:57:10 2000",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ers84,
  author =       "P.R. Ershler and B.W. Steadman and R.F. Wyatt and R.L.
                 Lux and J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "A 64 lead online system for clinical and experimental
                 mapping of ventricular activation sequences",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Computers in Cardiology",
  publisher =    "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1984",
  pages =        "417--419",
  robnote =      "Phil's 64-channel mapping system, BSPM, epicardial",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ers86,
  author =       "P.R. Ershler and R.L. Lux and B.W. Steadman",
  title =        "A 128 Lead online Intraoperative Mapping System",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS86,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "1289--1291",
  robnote =      "Phil's presentation in Fort Worth about their mapping
                 system. Not a very elaborate description, but at least
                 the major features are described. Workshop participant,
                 Salt Lake City group. thesis, BSPM026",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Ers87,
  author =       "P. Ershler and B. Steadman",
  title =        "Battery Power Supply for a Multichannel Mapping
                 System",
  year =         "1987",
  note =         "Private Communication",
  robnote =      "Technical help on the new mapping system from the Salt
                 Lake guys. thesis, BSPM098",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ers87b,
  author =       "P.R. Ershler and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Uncertainties in arrhythmia mapping",
  pages =        "1867--1868",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS87,
  year =         "1987",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Early paper on methods for making isochrones from
                 epcardial mapping data for locaing arrhythmias",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ers88,
  author =       "P.R. Ershler and R.L. Lux and L.S. Green and G.R.
                 Caputo and D. Parker",
  title =        "Determination of 3-{D}imensional Torso, Heart, and
                 Electrode Geometries from Magnetic Resonance Images",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS88,
  publisher =    "IEEE",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "121--122",
  robnote =      "Phil's Mac II based system for reading data from NMR
                 (MRI) images of the human torso from patients who have
                 undergone BSPM. modelling, inverse solution thesis,
                 TorsoModel083",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Ers92,
  author =       "P. Ershler",
  title =        "Phil's 'naive' approach to object oriented
                 programming",
  note =         "Notes from a presentation Phil did on object oriented
                 programming. Nice background to help you think about
                 the principles behind OOP. C++",
}

@Article{RSM:Ers98,
  author =       "P.R. Ershler and B.W. Steadman and K.B. Moore and R.L.
                 Lux",
  title =        "Systems for measuring and tracking electrophysiologic
                 distributions.",
  journal =      c-EMBS98,
  year =         1998,
  volume =       17,
  number =       1,
  pages =        "56--61",
  robnote =       "Mapping system for CVRTI",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 5 13:22:48 2020",
}

@Article{RSM:Ess79,
  author =       "A. Essig and S.R. Caplan",
  title =        "The Use of Linear Nonequillibrium Thermodynamics in
                 the Study of Renal Physiology",
  journal =      "Am. J. Physiol.",
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "F211--F219",
  robnote =      "Review of non-equillibrium thermodymanics, used for
                 the 5401 lecture, renal physiology, transport,
                 permeability., GenPhysiol021",
}

@Article{RSM:Ess80,
  author =       "R. Von Essen and W. Merx and R. Doerr and S. Effert
                 and J. Silny and G. Rau",
  title =        "{QRS} Mapping in the Evaluation of Acute Anterior
                 Myocardial Infarction",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1980",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "266--276",
  robnote =      "A paper from Guenter Rau's group on trying to set up
                 QRS scoring systems for myocardial infarction (MI).
                 Looks at the latter stages of infarct, no conclusive
                 findings. thesis, Ischemia011",
}

@Article{RSM:Ess84,
  author =       "R. Von Essen and R. Hinsen and R. Louis and W. Merx
                 and J. Silny and G. Rau and S. Effert",
  title =        "On-line monitoring of multiple precordial leads in
                 high risk patients with coronary artery disease---a
                 pilot study",
  journal =      j-EHJ,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "203--209",
  robnote =      "BSPM, Aachen paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Ess85,
  author =       "R. Von Essen and W. Schmidt and R. Uebis and B.
                 Edelmann and S. Effert and J. Silny and G. Rau",
  title =        "Myocardial infarction and thrombolysis",
  journal =      j-BHJ,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "54",
  pages =        "6--10",
  robnote =      "BSPM, Aachen paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Est97,
  author =       "N.A. Estes and G. Michaud and D.P. Zipes and N.
                 El-Sherif and F.J. Venditti and D.S. Rosenbaum and P.
                 Albrecht and P.J. Wang and R.J. Cohen",
  title =        "Electrical alternans during rest and exercise as
                 predictors of vulnerability to ventricular
                 arrhythmias.",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1314--8",
  robnote =      "This is the first study to report that repolarization
                 alternans can be detected with heart rate elevated with
                 a bicycle exercise protocol. Alternans measured using
                 this technique is an accurate predictor of arrhythmia
                 inducibility. LQTS , SCOR",
}

@Article{RSM:Eva81,
  author =       "K. Evans and R.L. Lux and M.J. Burgess and R.F. Wyatt
                 and J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "Redundancy Reduction for Improved Display and Analysis
                 of Body Surface Potential Maps: {II}. {T}emporal
                 Compression",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "49",
  pages =        "197--203",
  robnote =      "One of two articles on compressing BSPM data, here by
                 reducing the number of sample points stored. Salt Lake
                 paper so read it., BSPM095",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Eva94,
  author =       "R. Evard",
  title =        "Managing the ever-growing to do list",
  booktitle =    "Proceesings of LISA",
  year =         "1994",
  address =      "San Diego, CA",
  robnote =      "system management tool for tracking tasks and
                 requestions. sysadm.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 29 10:00:34 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Eve2004,
  author =       "T. H. Everett and S. Verheule and E. E. Wilson and S.
                 Foreman and J. E. Olgin",
  title =        "Left atrial dilatation resulting from chronic mitral
                 regurgitation decreases spatiotemporal organization of
                 atrial fibrillation in left atrium",
  journal =      "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol",
  volume =       "286",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "H2452--2460",
  abstract =     "afib Atrial conduction properties have been shown to differ
                 among animal atrial fibrillation (AF) models of rapid
                 atrial pacing (RAP), chronic mitral regurgitation (MR),
                 and control. We hypothesized that these conduction
                 differences would continue with the onset of AF, which
                 would affect AF spatiotemporal organization, resulting
                 in model-specific characteristics of AF. With frequency
                 domain analysis of electrograms acquired from
                 high-density optical mapping, AF from the right (RA)
                 and left (LA) atrium in animals with RAP and MR were
                 compared with control animals. At follow-up, the hearts
                 were excised and perfused, and optical action
                 potentials were recorded from a 2 x 2-cm area each of
                 the RA and LA free wall with a 16 x 16 photodiode
                 array. AF was induced with extra stimuli, several 2.4-s
                 AF episodes were recorded in each dog, and a fast
                 Fourier transform was calculated. The dominant
                 frequency (DF) was determined, and the organization
                 (organization index, OI) was calculated as the ratio of
                 the area under the dominant peak and its harmonics to
                 the total area of the spectrum. All possible pairs of
                 electrograms for each episode were cross-correlated. LA
                 AF in the chronic MR model showed an increase in the
                 highest DF, the number of DF domains, and in frequency
                 gradient compared with AF in control or RAP models. In
                 addition, there was a decrease in OI and in the
                 correlation coefficients in the LA of the MR model.
                 These results suggest that the AF substrate in the MR
                 model may be different from that of control or RAP
                 models.",
  keywords =     "Animals Atrial Fibrillation/*physiopathology Atrial
                 Function, Left/*physiology Chronic Disease Dogs Fourier
                 Analysis Mitral Valve Insufficiency/*physiopathology
                 *Models, Cardiovascular Pacemaker, Artificial",
  year =         "2004",
}

@Article{RSM:Eve2006,
  author =       "T.H. Everett and E.E. Wilson and S. Verheule and J.M.
                 Guerra and S. Foreman and J.E. Olgin",
  title =        "Structural atrial remodeling alters the substrate and
                 spatiotemporal organization of atrial fibrillation: a
                 comparison in canine models of structural and
                 electrical atrial remodeling.",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "2006",
  month =        dec,
  volume =       "291",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "H2911--H2923",
  robnote =      "afib Several animal models of atrial fibrillation (AF) have
                 been developed that demonstrate either atrial
                 structural remodeling or atrial electrical remodeling,
                 but the characteristics and spatiotemporal organization
                 of the AF between the models have not been compared.
                 Thirty-nine dogs were divided into five groups: rapid
                 atrial pacing (RAP), chronic mitral regurgitation (MR),
                 congestive heart failure (CHF), methylcholine (Meth),
                 and control. Right and left atria (RA and LA,
                 respectively) were simultaneously mapped during
                 episodes of AF in each animal using high-density (240
                 electrodes) epicardial arrays. Multiple 30-s AF epochs
                 were recorded in each dog. Fast Fourier transform was
                 calculated every 1 s over a sliding 2-s window, and
                 dominant frequency (DF) was determined. Stable,
                 discrete, high-frequency areas were seen in none of the
                 RAP or control dogs, four of nine MR dogs, four of six
                 CHF dogs, and seven of nine Meth dogs in either the RA
                 or LA or both. Average DFs in the Meth model were
                 significantly greater than in all other models in both
                 LA and RA except LA DFs in the RAP model. The RAP model
                 was the only one with a consistent LA-to-RA DF gradient
                 (9.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.3 Hz, P < 0.00005). The Meth
                 model had a higher spatial and temporal variance of DFs
                 and lower measured organization levels compared with
                 the other AF models, and it was the only model to show
                 a linear relationship between the highest DF and
                 dispersion (R(2) = 0.86). These data indicate that
                 structural remodeling of atria (models known to have
                 predominantly altered conduction) leads to an AF
                 characterized by a stable high-frequency area, whereas
                 electrical remodeling of atria (models known to have
                 predominantly shortened refractoriness without
                 significant conduction abnormalities) leads to an AF
                 characterized by multiple high-frequency areas and
                 multiple wavelets.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jun 1 18:41:50 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Eys38,
  author =       "J.A.E. Eyster and W.J. Meek and H. Goldberg and W.E.
                 Gilson",
  title =        "Potential Changes in an Injured Region of the Cardiac
                 Heart",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1938",
  volume =       "717",
  pages =        "717",
  robnote =      "Another on referred to by others as one of the early
                 works on injury currents. This group believed that
                 during either systole or systole and diastole there is
                 injury current during ischemia. See Ischemia53 for
                 reference. Thesis, Ischemia150",
}

@Article{RSM:Fab75,
  author =       "A. Fabiato and F. Fabiato",
  title =        "Contractions Induced by a Calcium - Induced release of
                 Calcium from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Single
                 Skinned Cardiac Cells",
  journal =      j-JP,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "469--495",
  robnote =      "Excitation contraction coupling, skinned cells,
                 sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium, CellPhysiol041",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fab84,
  author =       "A. Fabiato and C.M. Baumgarten",
  title =        "Methods for Detecting Calcium Release from the
                 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skinned Cardiac Cells and the
                 Relationship between Calculated Transarcolemmal Calcium
                 release",
  booktitle =    "Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Heart",
  editor =       "N. Speralakis",
  publisher =    "Martinus Nijhoff Pub.",
  address =      "Boston, The Hgue, Dordrecht, Lancaster",
  year =         "1984",
  pages =        "215--254",
  robnote =      "Excitation contracion coupling, CellPhysiol042",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fab86,
  author =       "A. Fabiato",
  title =        "Appraisal of the Hypothesis of the Sodium - Induced
                 Release of Calcium from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum or
                 the Mitochondria in Skinned Cardiac Cells fro the rat
                 Ventricle and the Canine Purkinje Tissue",
  booktitle =    "Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Muscle Physiology",
  editor =       "M.L. Entman and W.E. van Winkle",
  publisher =    "CRC Press",
  address =      "Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A.",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "51--72",
  robnote =      "In which fabiato sets out to prove something we all
                 assume to be false and fails. excitation contraction
                 coupling, CellPhysiol043",
}

@Article{RSM:Fab94,
  author =       "A. Fabiato",
  title =        "Anonymity of Reviewers",
  journal =      j-CAR,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "1134--1139",
  robnote =      "Excellent viewpoint piece on whether journal reviews
                 should be anonymous or not. Makes all the arguments and
                 comes out in favour of open review, for reasons I think
                 I accept (at least once I have tenure!) Also quotes
                 research that junior people review better than senior
                 and that half of all the scientists that have ever
                 lived are still alive!",
}

@Article{RSM:Fad2002,
  author =       "M.N. Faddis and W. Blume and J. Finney and A. Hall and
                 J. Rauch and J. Sel and K.T. Bae and M. Talcott and B.
                 Lindsay",
  title =        "Novel Magnetically Guided Catheter for Endocardial
                 Mapping and Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "106",
  pages =        "2980--2985",
  robnote =      "Catheter deflection was guided by a magnetic field
                 vector which could be drawn by an operator.",
}

@Article{RSM:Fae99,
  author =       "T.J. Faes and H.A. van der Meij and J.C. de Munck and
                 R.M. Heethaar",
  title =        "The electric resistivity of human tissues (100 {H}z --
                 10 {MH}z): {A} meta-analysis of review studies",
  journal =      "Physiol. Meas.",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "R1--R10",
  year =         "1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Fah2007,
  author =       "T.S. Fahmy and H. Mlcochova and O.M. Wazni and D. Patel
                 and R. Cihak and M. Kanj and S. Beheiry and J.D. Burkhardt
                 and T. Dresing and S. Hao and P. Tchou and J. Kautzner and
                 R.A. Schweikert and M. Arruda and W. Saliba and A. Natale",
  title =        "Intracardiac echo-guided image integration: optimizing
                 strategies for registration.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2007",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "276--282",
  robnote =      "This study aims to evaluate the in vivo accuracy
                 and reliability of the integrated image. METHODS AND
                 RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four patients undergoing
                 radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter ablation for atrial
                 fibrillation (AF) were recruited for this study from three
                 different centers. Cardiac computerized tomography (CT)
                 was performed in all patients and a 3D image of the left
                 atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs) was extracted for
                 registration after segmentation using a software program
                 (CartoMerge, Biosense Webster, Inc.). Different landmarks
                 were selected for registration and compared. Surface
                 registration was then done and the impact on integration
                 and the landmarks was evaluated. The best landmark
                 registration was achieved when the posterior points on the
                 pulmonary veins were selected (5.6 +/- 3.2). Landmarks
                 taken on the anterior wall, left atrial appendage (LAA) or
                 the coronary sinus (CS) resulted in a larger registration
                 error (9.1 +/- 2.5). The mean error for surface
                 registration was 2.17 +/- 1.65. However, surface
                 registration resulted in shifting of the initially
                 registered landmark points leading to a larger error (from
                 5.6 +/- 3.2 to 9.2 +/- 2.1; 95\% CI 4.2-3.05). CONCLUSION:
                 Posterior wall landmarks at the PV-LA junction are the
                 most accurate landmarks for image integration in respect
                 to the target ablation area. The concurrent use of the
                 present surface registration algorithm may result in
                 shifting of the initial landmarks with loss of their
                 initial correlation with the area of interest.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 19 19:09:28 2010",
}

@Article{RSM:Fal2001,
  author =       "R. H. Falk",
  title =        "Atrial fibrillation",
  journal =      "N Engl J Med",
  volume =       "344",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "1067--1078",
  robnote =         "Journal Article Review",
  keywords =     "Algorithms Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*therapeutic use
                 Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use Atrial
                 Fibrillation/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology/*therapy
                 Catheter Ablation Defibrillators, Implantable Electric
                 Countershock Electrophysiology Female Hemodynamic
                 Processes Humans Male *Pacemaker, Artificial",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Far2002,
  author =       "A. Farkas and I. Lepran and J.G. Papp",
  title =        "Proarrhythmic effects of intravenous quinidine,
                 amiodarone, {D}-sotalol, and almokalant in the
                 anesthetized rabbit model of torsade de pointes.",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol",
  year =         "2002",
  month =        feb,
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "287--297",
  robnote =      "The proarrhythmic effects of four antiarrhythmic
                 agents were examined during alpha1-adrenoceptor
                 stimulation in chloralose-anesthetized rabbits. Each
                 dose of almokalant (26, 88, and 260 microg/kg),
                 D-sotalol, quinidine, or amiodarone (each 3, 10, and 30
                 mg/kg) was infused i.v. over 5 min and there was a
                 20-min interval between each infusion. D-sotalol and
                 almokalant evoked torsade de pointes (TdP) and other
                 arrhythmics, frequently. Quinidine, D-sotalol, and
                 almokalant evoked conduction blocks in a dose-related
                 manner (p < 0.05) and prolonged QT and QT(c) intervals
                 (p < 0.05). Amiodarone neither prolonged QT and QT(c)
                 nor evoked ventricular tachyarrhythmias, blocks, or
                 other proarrhythmias. Furthermore, the lack of TdP with
                 quinidine warns of false-negative results in the
                 applied model.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 19 14:09:47 2002",
}

@Article{RSM:Far2003,
  author =       "O.P. Faris and F.J. Evans and D.B. Ennis and P.A. Helm
                 and J.L. Taylor and A.S. Chesnick and M.A. Guttman and
                 C. Ozturk and E.R. McVeigh",
  title =        "Novel technique for cardiac electromechanical mapping
                 with magnetic resonance imaging tagging and an
                 epicardial electrode sock.",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "2003",
  month =        apr,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "430--440",
  robnote =      "A 128-electrode epicardial sock and pacing electrodes
                 were placed on the hearts of four anesthetized dogs. In
                 the magnetic resonance scanner, tagged cine images
                 (8-15 ms/frame) and sock electrode recordings (1000 Hz)
                 were acquired under right-ventricular pacing and
                 temporally referenced to the pacing stimulus.
                 Electrical recordings were obtained during intermittent
                 breaks in image acquisition, so that both data sets
                 represented the same physiologic state. Since the
                 electrodes were not visible in the images, electrode
                 recordings and cine images were spatially registered
                 with Gd-DTPA markers attached to the sock. For each
                 electrode location, electrical and mechanical
                 activation times were calculated and relationships
                 between the two activation patterns were
                 demonstrated.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 2 08:11:54 2003",
}

@Article{RSM:Far75,
  author =       "G. Farrer-Brown and M.H. Tarbit",
  title =        "The Pattern of Intramural Veins of the Left Ventricle
                 of the Human Heart",
  journal =      j-BHJ,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "85--93",
  robnote =      "A bit of coronary anatomy, especially of the venous
                 circulation. Also talks about changes brought about by
                 damaged myocardium in coronary artery disease, CAD.
                 Talks about rate of drainage and flow during heart
                 cycle., Ischemia059",
}

@Book{RSM:Far78,
  author =       "Irvin E. Faria and Peter C. Cavanagh",
  title =        "The Physiology and Biomechanics of Cycling",
  publisher =    pub-W,
  year =         "1978",
  robnote =      "A fairly easy book on the basic physiology of exercise
                 and biomechanics as applied to cycling. The level is a
                 bit low for my tastes, but it would be a nice book to
                 offer someone interersted primarily in sports since it
                 describes basics which you could apply to all aspects
                 of the sport. The Eccles has this book under QT 260
                 F224p 1978.",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Far83,
  author = 	 "G. Farin",
  title = 	 "Smooth interpolation to scattered 3D data.",
  booktitle = 	 "Surfaces in Computer Aided Geometric Design",
  publisher = 	 "Noth Holland Press",
  year = 	 "1983",
  OPTeditor = 	 "",
  OPTvolume = 	 "",
  OPTnumber = 	 "",
  OPTseries = 	 "",
  OPTtype = 	 "",
  OPTchapter = 	 "",
  OPTpages = 	 "",
  OPTaddress = 	 "",
  OPTedition = 	 "",
  OPTmonth = 	 "",
  OPTnote = 	 "",
  robnote = 	 "",
  bibdate = 	 "Sat Aug 29 15:10:42 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Far87,
  author =       "B.R. Farr and B. Vondenbusch and J. Silny and G. Rau
                 and S. Effert",
  title =        "Localization of Significant Coronary Arterial
                 Narrowings Using Body Surface Potential Mapping During
                 Exercise Stress Testing",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "528--530",
  robnote =      "Another of the Aachen group's papers using BSPM to
                 localize the region of stenosis when the patients are
                 exercised. The method is the same as I saw there in
                 1987 with the Karhunun Loeve Transform applied to the
                 data to extract the first two coefficients, which
                 locate a point on the plane of these coefficients. The
                 location can be correlated with the vessel which is the
                 most narrowed. The method came out of PTCA recordings.
                 thesis, BSPM016",
}

@Article{RSM:Fei87,
  author =       "A.J. Feiring and M.R. Johnson and Kioschos. J.M. and
                 P.T. Kirchner and M.L. Marcus and C.W. White",
  title =        "The Importance of the Determination of the Myocardial
                 Area at Risk in the Evaluation of the Outcome of Acute
                 Myocardial Infarction in Patients",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "75",
  pages =        "980--987",
  robnote =      "``Knowledge of the site of coronary occlusion within a
                 vessel was not helpful in predicting the size of the
                 area at risk''. A line from the abstract of this paper.
                 The authors suggest that area at risk is a major
                 predictor of the outcome of AMI but that knowledge of
                 the anatomic site of occlusion cannot be used to
                 predict this area at risk. The technique these authors
                 describe to estimate area at risk is via the
                 administration of Tc-macroaggregated albumin together
                 with gated nuclear imaging., Ischemia044",
}

@Article{RSM:Fel84,
  author =       "R.L. Feldman and C.J. Pepine",
  title =        "Evaluation of Coronary Collateral Circulation in
                 Conscious Humans",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "53",
  pages =        "1233--1238",
  robnote =      "thesis, PTCA020",
}

@Article{RSM:Fel86,
  author =       "R.L. Feldman and R.G. Macdonald and J.A. Hill and M.C.
                 Limacher and R. Conti and C.J. Pepine",
  title =        "Effect of Propranolol on Myocardial Ischemia Occurring
                 During Acute Coronary Occlusion",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "73",
  pages =        "727--733",
  robnote =      "propranolol on ischemic heart, paper from Bob
                 Macdonald. PTCA thesis, Ischemia079",
}

@Article{RSM:Fel86b,
  author =       "T. Feldman and K.G. Chua and R.W. Childers",
  title =        "{R} Wave of the Surface and Intracoronary Electrogram
                 During Acute Coronary Artery Occlusion",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "58",
  pages =        "885--890",
  robnote =      "This paper disagree with the results of Holland and
                 Brooks in seeing no change in R-wave amplitude during
                 PTCA, thesis., PTCA008",
}

@Article{RSM:Fel87,
  author =       "R. L Feldman and R.G. Macdonald and J.A. Hill and C.J.
                 Pepine",
  title =        "Effect of Nicardipine on Determinats of Myocardial
                 Ischemia Occurring During Acute Coronary Occlusion
                 Produced by Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary
                 Angioplast",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "267--270",
  robnote =      "Another one from Feldman and Bob Macdonald. thesis
                 PTCA, Ischemia080",
}

@Article{RSM:Fen98,
  author =       "F. Fenton and A. Karma",
  title =        "Vortex dynamics in three-dimensional continuous
                 myocardium with fiber rotation: {F}ilament instability
                 and fibrillation",
  journal =      "Chaos",
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--47",
  robnote =      "Alains interesting paper on propagation modelling with
                 reaction diffusion equations and the way reentry can be
                 described by scroll waves and their cores, which hs
                 calls filaments",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 07 19:26:43 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Fer2000,
  author =       "T.C. Ferree and K.J. Eriksen and D.M. Tucker",
  title =        "Regional head tissue conductivity estimation for
                 improved {EEG} analysis.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        dec,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1584--1592",
  robnote =      "We develop a method for estimating regional head
                 tissue conductivities in vivo, by injecting small (1-10
                 microA) electric currents into the scalp, and measuring
                 the potentials at the remaining electrodes of a
                 dense-array electroencephalography net. We first derive
                 analytic expressions for the potentials generated by
                 scalp current injection in a four-sphere model of the
                 human head. We then use a multistart downhill simplex
                 algorithm to find regional tissue conductivities which
                 minimize the error between measured and computed scalp
                 potentials. Two error functions are studied, with
                 similar results. The results show that, despite the low
                 skull conductivity and expected shunting by the scalp,
                 all four regional conductivities can be determined to
                 within a few percent error. The method is robust to the
                 noise levels expected in practice. To obtain accurate
                 results the cerebrospinal fluid must be included in the
                 forward solution, but may be treated as a known
                 parameter in the inverse solution.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 23 17:56:28 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Fer2001,
  author =       "T.C. Ferree and P. Luu and G.S. Russell and D.M.
                 Tucker",
  title =        "Scalp electrode impedance, infection risk, and {EEG}
                 data quality.",
  journal =      "Clin Neurophysiol",
  year =         "2001",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "112",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "536--544",
  robnote =      "OBJECTIVES: Breaking the skin when applying scalp
                 electroencephalographic (EEG) electrodes creates the
                 risk of infection from blood-born pathogens such as
                 HIV, Hepatitis-C, and Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease. Modern
                 engineering principles suggest that excellent EEG
                 signals can be collected with high scalp impedance (
                 approximately 40 kOmega) without scalp abrasion. The
                 present study was designed to evaluate the effect of
                 electrode-scalp impedance on EEG data quality. METHODS:
                 The first section of the paper reviews
                 electrophysiological recording with modern high
                 input-impedance differential amplifiers and subject
                 isolation, and explains how scalp-electrode impedance
                 influences EEG signal amplitude and power line noise.
                 The second section of the paper presents an
                 experimental study of EEG data quality as a function of
                 scalp-electrode impedance for the standard frequency
                 bands in EEG and event-related potential (ERP)
                 recordings and for 60 Hz noise. RESULTS: There was no
                 significant amplitude change in any EEG frequency bands
                 as scalp-electrode impedance increased from less than
                 10 kOmega (abraded skin) to 40 kOmega (intact skin). 60
                 Hz was nearly independent of impedance mismatch,
                 suggesting that capacitively coupled noise appearing
                 differentially across mismatched electrode impedances
                 did not contribute substantially to the observed 60 Hz
                 noise levels. CONCLUSIONS: With modern high
                 input-impedance amplifiers and accurate digital filters
                 for power line noise, high-quality EEG can be recorded
                 without skin abrasion.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 23 17:56:28 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Fer77,
  author =       "G.R. Ferrier",
  title =        "Digitalis Arrhythmias: Role of Oscillatory
                 Afterpotentials",
  journal =      j-PCD,
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "459--473",
  robnote =      "cellular electrophysiology, used for Terry's course on
                 excitable cells., Arrhythm014",
}

@Article{RSM:Fer94,
  author =       "A.S. Ferguson and G. Stroink",
  title =        "A complete linear discretization for calculating the
                 magnetic field using the boundary element method",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "455--460",
  robnote =      "Another nice Stewart paper on BEM",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 31 22:26:31 1998",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fer95,
  author =       "A.S. Ferguson and D. Vardy and R. Hren and G.
                 Stroink",
  title =        "A regularized minimum norm method for calculating
                 distributions of source currents on epicardial
                 surfaces",
  booktitle =    "Biomagnetism: Fundamental Research and Clinical
                 Applications",
  editor =       "L. Deecke and C. Baumgartner and G. Stroink and S.J.
                 Williamson",
  publisher =    "Elsevier",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "676--679",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fer95a,
  author =       "A.S. Ferguson and D. Vardy and R. Hren and G.
                 Stroink",
  title =        "Localization of epicardial sources using magnetic and
                 potential maps",
  booktitle =    "Biomagnetism: Fundamental Research and Clinical
                 Applications",
  editor =       "L. Deecke and C. Baumgartner and G. Stroink and S.J.
                 Williamson",
  publisher =    "Elsevier",
  address =      "Amsterdam",
  pages =        "641--646",
  robnote =      "Interesting inverse solution paper that localizes
                 epicardial dipoles, like in WPW, using magnetic
                 fields.",
  year =         "1995",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Fer96,
  author =       "A.S. Ferguson and G. Stroink",
  title =        "Imaging epicardial current sources from magnetic
                 data",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS96,
  year =         "1996",
  pages =        "??",
  organization = "IEEE",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Same as the previous one in that it localizes
                 epicardial sources from magnetic maps",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 31 22:33:23 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Fer97,
  author =       "A.S. Ferguson and G. Stroink",
  title =        "Factors affecting the accuracy of the boundary element
                 method in the forward problem---{I}: calculating
                 surface potentials",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1139--1155",
  robnote =      "Nice paper about numerical features of the BEM that
                 matter for forward and inverse problems",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 31 22:24:15 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Fie2016,
  author =       "L.D.J. Fiederer and J. Vorwerk and F. Lucka and M.
                 Dannhauer and S. Yang and M. D{\"u}mpelmann and A.
                 Schulze-Bonhage and A. Aertsen and O. Speck and C.H.
                 Wolters and T. Ball",
  title =        "The role of blood vessels in high-resolution volume
                 conductor head modeling of {EEG}",
  journal =      j-NI,
  year =         "2016",
  volume =       "128",
  pages =        "193--208",
  doi =          "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.041",
  abstract =     "NeuroImage, Corrected proof.
                 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.041",
  URL =          "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.041",
  pmcid =        "PMC5225375",
}

@Article{RSM:Fig2016,
  author =       "C. Figuera and V. Suarez-Gutierrez and I.
                 Hernandez-Romero and M. Rodrigo and A. Liberos and F.
                 Atienza and M.S. Guillem and O. Barquero-Perez and A.M.
                 Climent and F. Alonso-Atienza",
  title =        "Regularization Techniques for ECG Imaging during Atrial
                 Fibrillation: A Computational Study.",
  journal =      "Front Physiol",
  year =         "2016",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "466",
  robnote =      "The inverse problem of electrocardiography is usually
                 analyzed during stationary rhythms. However, the
                 performance of the regularization methods under
                 fibrillatory conditions has not been fully studied. In
                 this work, we assessed different regularization techniques
                 during atrial fibrillation (AF) for estimating four target
                 parameters, namely, epicardial potentials, dominant
                 frequency (DF), phase maps, and singularity point (SP)
                 location. We use a realistic mathematical model of atria
                 and torso anatomy with three different electrical activity
                 patterns (i.e., sinus rhythm, simple AF, and complex AF).
                 Body surface potentials (BSP) were simulated using
                 Boundary Element Method and corrupted with white Gaussian
                 noise of different powers. Noisy BSPs were used to obtain
                 the epicardial potentials on the atrial surface, using 14
                 different regularization techniques. DF, phase maps, and
                 SP location were computed from estimated epicardial
                 potentials. Inverse solutions were evaluated using a set
                 of performance metrics adapted to each clinical target.
                 For the case of SP location, an assessment methodology
                 based on the spatial mass function of the SP location, and
                 four spatial error metrics was proposed. The role of the
                 regularization parameter for Tikhonov-based methods, and
                 the effect of noise level and imperfections in the
                 knowledge of the transfer matrix were also addressed.
                 Results showed that the Bayes maximum-a-posteriori method
                 clearly outperforms the rest of the techniques but
                 requires a priori information about the epicardial
                 potentials. Among the purely non-invasive techniques,
                 Tikhonov-based methods performed as well as more complex
                 techniques in realistic fibrillatory conditions, with a
                 slight gain between 0.02 and 0.2 in terms of the
                 correlation coefficient. Also, the use of a constant
                 regularization parameter may be advisable since the
                 performance was similar to that obtained with a variable
                 parameter (indeed there was no difference for the
                 zero-order Tikhonov method in complex fibrillatory
                 conditions). Regarding the different targets, DF and SP
                 location estimation were more robust with respect to
                 pattern complexity and noise, and most algorithms provided
                 a reasonable estimation of these parameters, even when the
                 epicardial potentials estimation was inaccurate. Finally,
                 the proposed evaluation procedure and metrics represent a
                 suitable framework for techniques benchmarking and provide
                 useful insights for the clinical practice.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 29 09:42:42 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC5064166",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fin85a,
  author =       "A.S. Finkel",
  title =        "Useful Circuits for Voltage Clamping with
                 Microelectrodes",
  booktitle =    "Voltage and Patch Clamping with Micorelectrodes",
  editor =       "T.G. Smith and H. Lecar and S.J. Redman and P.W.
                 Gage",
  publisher =    "American Physiological Society",
  address =      "Bethesda, Maryland",
  year =         "1985",
  pages =        "9--24",
  robnote =      "A good chapter in an excellent book about voltage
                 clamping in the modern context., Electronics026",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fin85b,
  author =       "A.S. Finkel and P.W. Gage",
  title =        "Conventional Voltage Clamping with Two Intracellular
                 Microelectrode",
  booktitle =    "Voltage and Patch Clamping with Micorelectrodes",
  editor =       "T.G. Smith and H. Lecar and S.J. Redman and P.W.
                 Gage",
  publisher =    "American Physiological Society",
  address =      "Bethesda, Maryland",
  year =         "1985",
  pages =        "47--94",
  robnote =      "A good chapter about the conventional methods of
                 voltage clamp, this chapter contains a pretty elaborate
                 mathematical analysis of the whole thing and some
                 practical tips that come from the modelling.,
                 CellPhysiol073",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fin85c,
  author =       "A.S. Finkel and S.J. Redman",
  title =        "Optimal Voltage Clamping with Single Electrode",
  booktitle =    "Voltage and Patch Clamping with Micorelectrodes",
  editor =       "T.G. Smith and H. Lecar and S.J. Redman and P.W.
                 Gage",
  publisher =    "American Physiological Society",
  address =      "Bethesda, Maryland",
  year =         "1985",
  pages =        "95--120",
  robnote =      "A chapter about using just one microelectrode to
                 perform voltage clamp, realized in practice in the
                 Axoclamp gear from Axon., CellPhysiol074",
}

@Book{RSM:Fin86,
  author =       "A.S. Finkel and J. Rae",
  title =        "Axopatch-1{B} Patch Clamp Theory and Operation
                 Manual",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Axon Instruments",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1986",
  robnote =      "The manual for the patch clamp amplifier from Axon,
                 also a good description of the theory of a couple of
                 aspects of the proccess of compensation and current
                 detection. Also a good practice quide to get you up and
                 running on the system., CellPhysiol076",
}

@Book{RSM:Fin87,
  author =       "A.S. Finkel",
  title =        "Axoclamp-2{A} Microelectrode Clamp Theory and
                 Operation Manual",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Axon Instruments",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1987",
  robnote =      "The manual for the voltage clamp amplifier from Axon,
                 also a good description of the theory of a couple of
                 aspects of the proccess of compensation and current
                 detection., CellPhysiol077",
}

@Article{RSM:Fio85,
  author =       "P. Fioretti and R.W. Browner and E. Lazzeroni and M.L.
                 Simoons and W. Wijns and J.H.C. Reiber and R.J. Bos and
                 P.G. Hugenholtz",
  title =        "Limitations of a {QRS} Scoring System to Assess Left
                 Ventricular Function and Prognosis at Hospital
                 Discharge after Myocardial Infarction",
  journal =      j-BHJ,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "248--252",
  robnote =      "An analysis of QRS scoring systems for MI, using
                 12-lead ECG. A poor corellation was found in the end
                 between QRS score and functional indicators like
                 ejection fraction and late survival of patients.,
                 Ischemia009",
}

@Article{RSM:Fis2000,
  author =       "G. Fischer and B. Tilg and R. Moore and G.J.M.
                 Huiskamp and J. Fetzer and W. Rucker and P. Wach",
  title =        "A bidomain model based {BEM-FEM} coupling formulation
                 for anisotropic cardiac tissue",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "2000",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "1228--1243",
  robnote =      "nice paper of a bidomain propagation model inside a
                 volume conductor. Austria",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 01 16:03:31 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Fis2005,
  author =       "G. Fischer and B. Pfeifer and M. Seger and C.
                 Hintermuller and F. Hanser and R. Modre and B. Tilg and
                 T. Trieb and C. Kremser and F.X. Roithinger and F.
                 Hintringer",
  title =        "Computationally efficient noninvasive cardiac
                 activation time imaging.",
  journal =      "Methods Inf Med",
  year =         "2005",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "674--686",
  robnote =      "The objective is the development of a method which
                 performs the computation in a few minutes run time. The
                 computationally most expensive part is the product of
                 the lead field matrix with a matrix containing the
                 source pattern on the cardiac surface. The particular
                 biophysical properties of both matrices are used for
                 speeding up this operation by more than an order of
                 magnitude. A conjugate gradient optimizer was developed
                 using C++ for computing the activation map. The
                 increase in speed with respect to the previously used
                 Fortran 77 implementation was a factor of 30 at a
                 comparable quality of the results. As an additional
                 finding the coupled regularization strategy, originally
                 introduced for saving computation time, also reduced
                 the sensitivity of the method to the choice of the
                 regularization parameter.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 21:00:41 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Fis2005b,
  author =       "G. Fischer and F. Hanser and B. Pfeifer and M. Seger
                 and C. Hintermuller and R. Modre and B. Tilg and T.
                 Trieb and T. Berger and F.X. Roithinger and F.
                 Hintringer",
  title =        "A signal processing pipeline for noninvasive imaging
                 of ventricular preexcitation.",
  journal =      "Methods Inf Med",
  year =         "2005",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "508--515",
  robnote =      "A previously described R-peak detector was modified
                 for automatic detection of all possible targets (beats)
                 using the information of all leads in the ECG map. A
                 direct method was applied for signal classification.
                 The algorithm was tuned for distinguishing beats with
                 an adenosine induced AV-nodal block from baseline
                 morphology in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) patients.
                 Furthermore, an automatic identification of the
                 QRS-interval borders was implemented. The R-peak
                 detector captured all QRS-complexes with no false
                 positive detection. The automatic classification was
                 verified by demonstrating adenosine-induced
                 prolongation of ventricular activation with statistical
                 significance (p <0.001) in all patients.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 21:00:41 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Fis68,
  author =       "C Fisch and R.E. Edmands and K. Greenspan",
  title =        "The Effect of Change in Cycle Length on the
                 Ventricular Action Potential in Man",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1968",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "525--529",
  robnote =      "Human papillary muscle tissue used! Changes in AP
                 morphology after change in driving frequency,,
                 CardCell037",
}

@Article{RSM:Fis75,
  author =       "H.M. Fishman",
  title =        "Patch Voltage Clamp of Squid Axon Membrane",
  journal =      "J. Membrane Biol.",
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "265--277",
  robnote =      ", CellPhysiol018",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Fis89,
  author =       "M. Fishler and N. Thakor",
  title =        "Tachyarrhythmia Threshold of Ischemic Heart in a
                 3-Dimensional Computer Model",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS89,
  year =         "1989",
  pages =        "94--95",
  robnote =      "Extension of Moe's model to 3D",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Fis90,
  author =       "M. Fishler and N. Thakor",
  title =        "Infulences of Ischemia on Ventricular Fibrillation
                 Threshold and Vulnerable Period in a 3{D} Computer
                 Model of a Heart",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS90,
  year =         "1990",
  pages =        "644--645",
  robnote =      "Extension of Moe's model to 3D",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Fit2001,
  author =       "T.N. Fitzgerald and E.K. Rhee and D.H. Brooks and J.K.
                 Triedman",
  title =        "Estimation of cardiac conduction velocities using
                 small data sets",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         2001,
  volume =       28,
  pages =     "13--16",
  robnote =      "JT reference fro NCRR renewal",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 02 11:44:37 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit2003,
  author =       "T.N. Fitzgerald and E.K. Rhee and D.H. Brooks and J.K.
                 Triedman",
  title =        "Estimation of cardiac conduction velocities using small
                 data sets.",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "2003",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "250--261",
  robnote =      "Cardiac surface conduction velocities could provide
                 valuable information about the speed and angle of a
                 propagating electrical wave front. It would be
                 advantageous to develop catheter-based velocity mapping
                 devices to improve the visualization of cardiac
                 arrhythmias. However, catheter tip size is limited to < or
                 = 2.5 mm in diameter, restricting the number and size of
                 electrodes that can be placed on a catheter tip. We
                 address the feasibility of estimating conduction speed and
                 angle from small data sets suitable for recording from a
                 catheter device in a standard clinical environment. We
                 estimated cardiac conduction velocities from data subsets
                 of 4-7 closely spaced electrograms, and then compared
                 these estimates to velocities estimated from a larger
                 reference grid. We studied 137 ventricular beats and
                 17,756 velocity vectors from six swine hearts. Average
                 differences in angle between the two estimates were 0.4
                 degrees +/- 16 degrees while average differences in speed
                 were 5\% +/- 33\%. These angle and speed differences
                 provide an initial quantitative assessment of velocity
                 accuracy for the purposes of catheter-based vector
                 mapping.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 8 09:21:30 2017",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit2004,
  author =       "T.N. Fitzgerald and D.H. Brooks and J.K. Triedman",
  title =        "Comparative psychometric analysis of vector and isochrone
                 cardiac activation maps.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2004",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "847--855",
  robnote =      "Velocity vectors inherently contain more information than
                 scalar measures of latency, but it is unknown how vector
                 maps and isochronal maps compare when they are used to
                 identify patterns and features associated with
                 arrhythmias. In order to quantitatively compare these two
                 visualization methods, eight cardiologists were asked to
                 complete forced-choice tasks in which they selected
                 ablation sites based on synthetic vector or isochronal
                 maps. Maps varied in arrhythmia complexity, number of
                 vectors or activation times included, and errors in
                 magnitude or angle for maps of velocity vectors.
                 Quantitative comparison was achieved by using psychometric
                 functions to characterize the learning curve and the total
                 number of measurements needed in order to choose a correct
                 ablation site. For simple arrhythmias, performance with
                 vector maps was superior to isochronal maps. Subjects
                 required fewer measurements, and learned more rapidly by
                 studying vector maps. For more complex arrhythmias, there
                 was no significant difference in performance between
                 vector and isochronal maps. However, arrhythmia features
                 were clearer with vector maps, even though this clarity
                 did not necessarily change the ablation site choice. When
                 errors were added to vector maps, performance was
                 satisfactory for angle errors < 55 degrees, and speed
                 errors did not affect performance.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 8 09:21:30 2017",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit2005,
  author =       "T.N. Fitzgerald and D.H. Brooks and J.K. Triedman",
  title =        "Identification of cardiac rhythm features by mathematical
                 analysis of vector fields.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2005",
  month =        "Jan",
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--29",
  robnote =      "Velocity
                 vector mapping has been proposed as an alternative method
                 to study cardiac activation in both clinical and research
                 environments. In addition to the visual cues that vector
                 maps can provide, vector fields can be analyzed using
                 mathematical operators such as the divergence and curl. In
                 the current study, conduction features were extracted from
                 velocity vector fields computed from cardiac mapping data.
                 The divergence was used to locate ectopic foci and
                 wavefront collisions, and the curl to identify central
                 obstacles in reentrant circuits. Both operators were
                 applied to simulated rhythms created from a
                 two-dimensional cellular automaton model, to measured data
                 from an in situ experimental canine model, and to complex
                 three-dimensional human cardiac mapping data sets.
                 Analysis of simulated vector fields indicated that the
                 divergence is useful in identifying ectopic foci, with a
                 relatively small number of vectors and with errors of up
                 to 30 degrees in the angle measurements. The curl was
                 useful for identifying central obstacles in reentrant
                 circuits, and the number of velocity vectors needed
                 increased as the rhythm became more complex. The
                 divergence was able to accurately identify canine in situ
                 pacing sites, areas of breakthrough activation, and
                 wavefront collisions. In data from human arrhythmias, the
                 divergence reliably estimated origins of electrical
                 activity and wavefront collisions, but the curl was less
                 reliable at locating central obstacles in reentrant
                 circuits, possibly due to the retrospective nature of data
                 collection. ",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 8 09:21:30 2017",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit2013,
  author =       "M. Fitts and E. Breton and E.G. Kholmovski and D.J.
                 Dosdall and S. Vijayakumar and K.P. Hong and R. Ranjan and
                 N.F. Marrouche and L. Axel and D. Kim",
  title =        "Arrhythmia insensitive rapid cardiac T1 mapping pulse
                 sequence.",
  journal =      j-MRM,
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "Nov",
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1274--1282",
  robnote =      "PURPOSE: To develop an arrhythmia-insensitive rapid (AIR)
                 cardiac T1 mapping pulse sequence for quantification of
                 diffuse fibrosis. METHODS: An arrhythmia-insensitive
                 cardiac T1 mapping pulse sequence was developed based on
                 saturation recovery T1 weighting, which is inherently
                 insensitive to heart rate and rhythm, and two single-shot
                 balanced steady-state free precession image acquisitions
                 with centric k-space ordering, where T1 calculation is
                 inherently insensitive to T2 effects. Its performance
                 against conventional cardiac T1 mapping based on inversion
                 recovery (i.e., MOLLI) is compared. Phantom experiments
                 (T1 ranging from 535 to 2123 ms) were performed with heart
                 rate and rhythm simulated at 60 and 120 beats per minute
                 (bpm) and arrhythmia using an external triggering device.
                 Ten human subjects and 17 large animals were scanned
                 precontrast and 5, 10, and 15 min after contrast agent
                 administration. RESULTS: Compared with the reference T1
                 mapping, AIR yielded lower normalized root-mean-square
                 error than MOLLI (8\% vs. 3\%, respectively, at 60 bpm,
                 28\% vs. 3\%, respectively, at 120 bpm, and 22\% vs. 3\%,
                 respectively, at arrhythmia). In vivo studies showed that
                 T1 measurements made by MOLLI and AIR were strongly
                 correlated (r = 0.99) but in poor agreement (mean
                 difference = 161.8 ms, upper and lower 95\% limits of
                 agreements = 347.5 ms and -24.0 ms). CONCLUSION: Our AIR
                 pulse sequence may be clinically useful for assessment of
                 diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients.",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 25 06:14:09 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit61,
  author =       "R. Fitzhugh",
  title =        "Impulses and physiological states in theoretical
                 models of nerve membranes",
  journal =      j-BJ,
  year =         "1961",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "445--466",
  robnote =      "Fitzhugh Nagumo reference (no hard copy)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 08 17:48:14 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit89,
  author =       "K. Fitzgerald",
  title =        "The Quest for Intruder-proof Computer Systems",
  journal =      "IEEE Spectrum",
  year =         "1989",
  month =        aug,
  pages =        "22--26",
  robnote =      "A description of some of the tools used to protect
                 computers from intruders. A nice overview article.,
                 CompHard157",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit89b,
  author =       "K. Fitzgerald",
  title =        "Technology in Medicine: Too much too Soon?",
  journal =      "IEEE Spectrum",
  year =         "1989",
  month =        dec,
  pages =        "24--30",
  robnote =      "A look at the present problems of designing, buying
                 and providing access to modern medical technology.,
                 Electronics036",
}

@Article{RSM:Fit94,
  author =       "A. Fitzpatrick and M. Chin and C. Stillson and M.
                 Lesh",
  title =        "Successful percutaneous deployment, pacing and
                 recording from a 64-polar, multi-strut ``basket''
                 catheter in the swine left ventricle",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "482",
  robnote =      "Standard reference for basket catheter, atrial
                 arrhytmia, atrial fribrillation",
}

@InBook{RSM:Fit96,
  author =       "A.W. Fitzgibbon and M. Pilu and R.B. Fisher",
  title =        "Direct Least Squares Fitting of Ellipses",
  pages =        "?--?",
  key =          "Ellipse fitting",
  year =         "1996",
  publisher =    pub-UE,
  series =       "D.A.I. Research Paper",
  number =       "794",
  scinote =      "Ellipse fitting. ROK-thesis",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Fit98,
  author =       "T.N. Fitzgerald and J.K. Triedman",
  title =        "Spatial resolution of catheter-based atrial pace
                 activation mapping using signal-averaged electrograms",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "117--120",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  robnote =      "JT article for ncrr renewal",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 02 11:29:07 2001",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Fit98b,
  author =       "T.N. Fitzgerald and J.K. Triedman",
  title =        "Spatial resolution of catheter-based ventricular pace
                 activation mapping using signal-averaged electrograms",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "517--520",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  robnote =      "JT article for ncrr renewal",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 02 11:29:07 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Fla76,
  author =       "J.T. Flaherty",
  title =        "Clinical Uses of Precordial {ST}-Segment Mapping and
                 the Pathophysiology of {ST}-Segment Voltage Changes",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1976",
  volume =       "53",
  pages =        "I85--I87",
  robnote =      "A brief communication supporting the use of ST-segment
                 elevation in assessing the effect of drug
                 interventions. Also mentions epicardial and
                 intramyocardial electrodes as well as precordial
                 mapping. thesis, Ischemia058",
}

@Article{RSM:Fla92,
  author =       "G.C. Flaker and J.L. Blackshear and R. McBride and
                 R.A. Kronmal and J. L Halperin and R.G. Hart",
  title =        "Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and cardiac mortality in
                 atrial fibrillation",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "527--532",
  robnote =      "Standard reference for the effectiveness of drug
                 therapy in atrial fibrillation",
}

@Article{RSM:Fle79,
  author =       "N.H. Fletcher and S. Thwaites",
  title =        "Physical Models for the Analysis of Acoustical Systems
                 in Biology",
  journal =      "Quart. Rev. Biophys.",
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "25--65",
  robnote =      "Describes a number of physical models used to analyse
                 the systems found in nature to produce and transduce
                 sound., GenPhysiol002",
}

@Article{RSM:Fle98,
  author =       "G.F. Fletcher and T.R. Flipse and P. Kligfield and
                 J.R. Malouf",
  title =        "Current status of {ECG} stress testing.",
  journal =      "Curr Probl Cardiol",
  year =         "1998",
  month =        jul,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "353--423",
  robnote =      "looks like a review of exercise ECG--no hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 00:46:29 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Flo78,
  author =       "N.C. Flowers and R.C. Hand and M.R. Sridharan and L.G.
                 Horan and G.S. Sohi",
  title =        "Surface Reflections of Cardiac Excitement and the
                 Assessment of Infarct Volume in Dogs",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "406--413",
  robnote =      "A follow-up to Ischemia118 in which they look at the
                 correlations of various ECG parameters and the volume
                 of heart which was found to be ischemic. Extend of
                 infarct matched well by integrated VCG or instant
                 difference maps, both during the QRS. Integrating diff
                 maps did little to improve things; the reasons
                 suggested is that as excitation reaches the infarct,
                 the map is most changed and thus correlation is best.
                 Integrating just muddies the waters. Again, too the
                 problem of evaluating the delay effects, which are good
                 global indicators but no help in localizing the
                 infarct. Also alignment problems in difference maps
                 mentioned. thesis, Ischemia134",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Flo95,
  author =       "N.C. Flowers and L.G. Horan",
  title =        "Body Surface Potential Mapping",
  booktitle =    "Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside",
  publisher =    "W.B. Saunders Company",
  year =         "1995",
  editor =       "D.P. Zipes and J. Jalife",
  chapter =      "93",
  pages =        "1049--1067",
  edition =      "2nd",
  robnote =      "BSPM review covering techniques and background on the
                 method.",
}

@Book{RSM:Fol90,
  author =       "J.D. Foley and A. van Dam and S.K. Feiner and Hughes
                 J.F.",
  title =        "Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  year =         "1990",
  series =       "The Systems Porgramming Series",
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  robnote =      "A must graphics book, full of info. visualization,
                 computer graphics",
}

@Article{RSM:Fol94,
  author =       "T.A. Foley and H. Hagen",
  title =        "Advances in scattered data interpolation",
  journal =      "Surv. Math. Ind.",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "71--84",
  robnote =      "nice review of interpolation methods",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 21 01:05:14 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Fon97,
  author =       "G. Fontaine and P. Aouate and F. Fontaliran",
  title =        "Repolarization and the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias.
                 Role of body surface mapping [editorial; comment]",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2600--2",
  robnote =      "Really an editorial on arrhythmogenic right
                 ventricular displasia (ARVD) more than WRST mapping.
                 Claims it is a good model for this sort of study.",
}

@Article{RSM:For74,
  author =       "A.D. Forbes",
  title =        "Forward and Inverse Solutions Using Distributed
                 Current Sources",
  journal =      j-AC,
  year =         "1974",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "199--208",
  robnote =      "Inverse solution in terms of current (= a single
                 excitation layer). Interesting projection used to
                 display results., TorsoModel052",
}

@Article{RSM:For89,
  author =       "C.E.T. Force",
  title =        "Cardiogenic brain embolism. {T}he second report of the
                 {C}erebral {E}mbolism {T}ask {F}orce",
  journal =      "Arch. Neurol.",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "46",
  pages =        "727--743",
  robnote =      "role of atrial firbrillation in strokes",
}

@Article{RSM:For89b,
  author =       "G.T. Forrest",
  title =        "Reflected Light",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "249--255",
  robnote =      "A look at lasers, bit of background but lots of modern
                 facts on the types of lasers and how to choose one for
                 a job., CompHard171",
}

@Article{RSM:Fos61,
  author =       "M. Foster",
  title =        "An Application of the {W}iener-{K}olmogorov Smoothing
                 Theory to Matrix Inversion",
  journal =      "J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math.",
  year =         "1961",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "387",
  robnote =      "A reference to the method used by Barr et al to do
                 their inverse solution. thesis, TorsoModel058",
}

@Article{RSM:Fos89,
  author =       "K.R. Foster and H.P. Schwan",
  title =        "Dielectric properties of tissues and biological
                 materials: {A} critical review",
  journal =      "Critical Reviews in Biomed. Eng.",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "25--104",
  robnote =      "good review for the forward inverse solutions, gives
                 conductivities and resistivities of all sorts of
                 tissues at different frequencies, torso tank",
}

@Article{RSM:Fos99,
  author =       "I. Foster and C. Kesselman",
  title =        "Globus project: a status report",
  journal =      "Future Generation Computer Systems",
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "15",
  pages =        "607--621",
  publisher =    "Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam,",
  robnote =      "The Globus project is a multi-institutional research
                 effort that seeks to enable the construction of
                 computational grids providing pervasive, dependable,
                 and consistent access to high-performance computational
                 resources, despite geographical distribution of both
                 resources and users. Computational grid technology is
                 being viewed as a critical element of future
                 high-performance computing environments that will
                 enable entirely new classes of computation-oriented
                 applications, much as the World Wide Web fostered the
                 development of new classes of information-oriented
                 applications. In this paper, we report on the status of
                 the Globus project as of early 1998. We describe the
                 progress that has been achieved to date in the
                 development of the Globus toolkit, a set of core
                 services for constructing grid tools and applications.
                 We also discuss the Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing
                 Testbed Organization (GUSTO) that we have constructed
                 to enable large-scale evaluation of Globus
                 technologies, and we review early experiences with the
                 development of large-scale grid applications on the
                 GUSTO testbed.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 5 22:37:39 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Fox72,
  author =       "C.C. Fox and G.M. Hutchins",
  title =        "The Architecture of the Human Ventricular Myocardium",
  journal =      "Hopkins Med J",
  year =         "1972",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "289--299",
  robnote =      "Fibre orientation for the heart model geometry, fibre
                 direction, anisotropy, Prop014",
}

@Article{RSM:Foz75,
  author =       "H.A. Fozzard",
  title =        "Validity of Myocardial Infarction Models",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "51 \& 52",
  number =       "Suppl III",
  pages =        "131--138",
  robnote =      "Another in Fozzard's series of articles about
                 ischemia, ST-segment shifts and their physiologyical
                 basis. He looks here at suitable models for experiments
                 and where to be cautious in evaluating the results.
                 Animal models, cardiac electrophysiology, coronary
                 arteries arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation. thesis,
                 Ischemia056",
}

@Article{RSM:Foz76,
  author =       "H.A. Fozzard and D.S. DasGupta",
  title =        "{ST-S}egment Potentials and Mapping: {T}heory and
                 Experiments",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1976",
  volume =       "54",
  pages =        "533--537",
  robnote =      "Another in Fozzards series about the use (and misuse)
                 of ST-segment shifts as indicators of extent of cardiac
                 ischemia, this one contains the drawings I used in my
                 1987 dept. seminar. It has a good description of the
                 physiology behind ST-segment shifts, as well as the
                 surface ECG signals that one would record. thesis,
                 Ischemia060",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Foz80,
  author =       "H.A. Fozzard",
  title =        "{ST}-Segment Mapping Is Not a Clinical Tool",
  booktitle =    "Current Controversies in Cardiovascular Disease",
  editor =       "Rapport",
  publisher =    "Saunders",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1980",
  pages =        "281--291",
  robnote =      "Harry Fozzard's comments on the use of ST-Segment
                 mapping for human patients. He explains the
                 physiological basis and limited value of the technique
                 in evaluating ischemic damage and course. His opinion
                 is obvious from the title and carries through the
                 paper. thesis, Ischemia055",
}

@Article{RSM:Foz85,
  author =       "H.A. Fozzard and J.C. Makielski",
  title =        "The Electrophysiology of Acute Myocardial Ischemia",
  journal =      "Ann. Rev. Med.",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "275--284",
  robnote =      "A great paper describing the connections between
                 electrophysiology of the ischemic cells and how this is
                 made visible in the surface ECG's. Explains the
                 external K-concentration argument quite well too and
                 talks about all the currents and how ischemia effects
                 them, propogation velocity, upstroke velocity, the
                 whole bit! A must read. thesis, Ischemia016",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Foz86,
  author =       "H.A. Fozzard and M.F. Arnsdorf",
  title =        "Cardiac Electrophysiology",
  booktitle =    "The Heart and Cardiovascular System",
  editor =       "H.E. Fozzard",
  publisher =    "Raven Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "1--30",
  robnote =      "An excellent chapter in the basics of cellular
                 electrophysiology in cardiac tissue., CardCell031",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Foz86b,
  author =       "H.A. Fozzard and R.B. Gunn",
  title =        "Membrane Transport",
  booktitle =    "The Heart and Cardiovascular System",
  editor =       "H.E. Fozzard and others",
  publisher =    "Raven Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "111--121",
  robnote =      "A nice chapter on transport mechanisms in cardiac cell
                 membrane., CardCell032",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Foz89,
  author =       "H.A. Fozzard and I.R. Freidlander",
  title =        "Cellular Electrophysiology",
  key =          "Cellular Electrophysiology. ROK-thesis",
  booktitle =    "Comprehensive Electrocardiology",
  publisher =    pub-PER,
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "Macfarlane P.W. and T.D. {Lawrie Veitch}",
  volume =       "2",
  chapter =      "3",
  pages =        "79--100",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra2009,
  author =       "Z. Frazier and J. McDermott and M. Guerquin and R.
                 Samudrala",
  title =        "Computational representation of biological systems.",
  journal =      "Methods Mol Biol",
  year =         "2009",
  volume =       "541",
  pages =        "535--549",
  robnote =      "Integration of large and diverse biological data sets is
                 a daunting problem facing systems biology researchers.
                 Exploring the complex issues of data validation,
                 integration, and representation, we present a systematic
                 approach for the management and analysis of large
                 biological data sets based on data warehouses. Our system
                 has been implemented in the Bioverse, a framework
                 combining diverse protein information from a variety of
                 knowledge areas such as molecular interactions, pathway
                 localization, protein structure, and protein function.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 25 23:18:17 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra52,
  author =       "E. Frank",
  title =        "Electric potential produiced by two point current
                 sources in homogeneous coducting sphere",
  journal =      "J. Appl. Phys.",
  year =         "1952",
  volume =	 "23",
  pages =	 "1225--1228",
  robnote =      "early reference from Gulrajani to analytical solution
                 to forward problem",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 30 07:53:02 2006"
}

@Article{RSM:Fra54,
  author =       "E. Frank",
  title =        "General Theory of Heart-Vector Projection",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1954",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "258--269",
  robnote =      "vectorcardiography, dipole projections on the body
                 surface thesis, ECG051",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra54b,
  author =       "E. Frank",
  title =        "The Image Surface of a Homogeneous Torso",
  journal =      "Am. Heart, J",
  year =         "1954",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "757--768",
  robnote =      "Torso model, vectorcardiography thesis, ECG022",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra56,
  author =       "E. Frank",
  title =        "An Accurate, Clinically Practical System for Spatial
                 Vectorcardiography",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1956",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "737--749",
  robnote =      "Frank Vectorcardiography, ECG, electrode lead system
                 thesis, ECG021",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra83,
  author =       "M.R. Franz",
  title =        "Long-Term Recording of Monophasic Action Potentials
                 from Human Endocardium",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "51",
  pages =        "1629--1634",
  robnote =      "A description of a new contact electrode for measuring
                 monophasic action potentials in situ, a replacement for
                 the suction electrode., CardCell025",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra84,
  author =       "M.R. Franz and J.T. Flaherty and E.V. Platia and B.H.
                 Bukley and Weisfeldt M.L.",
  title =        "Localization of Regional Myocardial Ischemia by
                 Recording of Monophasic Action Potentials",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "69",
  pages =        "593--604",
  robnote =      "Another monphasic action potentials report using
                 contact electrodes., CardCell027",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra86,
  author =       "F. Fraciolini",
  title =        "Patch Clamp Techniques and Biophysical Study of
                 Membrane Channels",
  journal =      "Experimentia",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "42",
  month =        jun,
  pages =        "589--714",
  robnote =      "A review of patch clamp technique, not incredibly
                 elaborate but a reasonble intro., CellPhysiol093",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra87,
  author =       "M.R. Franz and K. Bargheer and W. Rafflenbeul and
                 Haverich A. and P.R. Lechtlen",
  title =        "Monophasic Action Potential Mapping in Human Subjects
                 with Normal Electrograms: Direct Evidence for the
                 Genesis of the {T} wave.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "75",
  pages =        "379--386",
  robnote =      "Another paper using the contact electrode to record
                 monophasic action potentials, this time in humans with
                 a catheter., CardCell026",
}

@Article{RSM:Fra88a,
  author =       "D.W. Frazier and W. Krassowska and P.S. Chen and P.D.
                 Wolf and E.G. Dixon and W.M. Smith and R.E. Ideker",
  title =        "Extracellular field required for excitation in
                 three-dimensional anisotropic canine myocardium",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "63",
  pages =        "147--164",
  robnote =      "A real tour-de-force looking at the question of what
                 thresholds are need to stimulate cardiac tissue. Uses
                 some finite element modelling to interpolate needle
                 data, as well as some bidomain stuff to interpret the
                 results and discuss the way cells are stimulated. Looks
                 at anodal vs. cathodal stimulation, voltage gradients,
                 currents, and anisotropy. Very impressive paper.",
}

@Article{RSM:Fre2000,
  author =       "J. Freudenberg and T. Schiemann and U. Tiede and K.H.
                 Hohne",
  title =        "Simulation of cardiac excitation patterns in a
                 three-dimensional anatomical heart atlas.",
  journal =      "Comput Biol Med",
  year =         "2000",
  month =        jul,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "191--205",
  robnote =      "Computerized anatomical atlas systems enable
                 interactive investigation of digital body models. Here
                 we present a three-dimensional atlas of the human
                 heart, based on image data provided in the Visible
                 Human Project. This heart atlas consists of multiple
                 kinds of cardiac tissues and offers unlimited
                 possibilities for its visual exploration. A temporal
                 dimension is added to the underlying heart model by
                 simulation of cardiac excitation spreading. For this
                 purpose a second generation cellular automata algorithm
                 is adapted to the excitation kinetics of cardiac
                 tissue. The presented system is shown as a successful
                 method for the visualization-based investigation of
                 cardiac excitation.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 8 18:24:04 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Fri2000,
  author =       "J.H. Frijns and S.L. de Snoo and R. Schoonhoven",
  title =        "Improving the accuracy of the boundary element method
                 by the use of second-order interpolation functions",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1336--1346",
  robnote =      "The boundary element method (BEM) with quadratic
                 interpolation functions for the potential and
                 quadratically curved surface elements, resulting from
                 second-order spatial interpolation. The method is
                 tested on a four concentric sphere geometry,
                 representative for electroencephalogram modeling, and
                 compared to previous solutions of this problem in
                 literature. In addition, a cylindrical test
                 configuration is used. We conclude that the use of
                 quadratic interpolation functions for the potential and
                 of quadratically curved surface elements in BEM results
                 in a significant increase in accuracy and in some cases
                 even a reduction of the computation time with the same
                 number of nodes involved in the calculations.",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Fri80,
  author =       "M.H. Friedman",
  title =        "Equillibrium Thermodynamics",
  booktitle =    "Principles and Models of Biological Transport",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo",
  year =         "1980",
  pages =        "1--21",
  robnote =      "A section from Friedman's book on thermodynamics and
                 membrane transport, used for the 5401 course.,
                 CellPhysiol063",
}

@Article{RSM:Fri86,
  author =       "P.L. Friedman and T.L. Shook and J.M. Kirshenbaum and
                 A.P. Selwyn and P. Ganz",
  title =        "Value of the Intracoronary Electrogram to Monitor
                 Myocardial Ischemia During Percutaneous Transluminal
                 Myocardial Angioplasy",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "330--339",
  robnote =      "intracoronary electrodes again, thesis., PTCA021",
}

@Article{RSM:Fro88,
  author =       "J.N. Froning and M.D. Olson and V.F. Froelicher",
  title =        "Problems and Limitations of {ECG} Baseline Estimation
                 and Removal Using a Cubic Spline Technique During
                 Exercise {ECG} Testing: Recommendations for Proper
                 Implementation",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "S149--S157",
  robnote =      "One to check closely when the need arises., ECG070",
}

@Article{RSM:Fuc82,
  author =       "R.M. Fuchs and S.C. Achuff and L. Grunwald and F.C.P.
                 Yin and L.S.C. Griffith",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic Localization of Coronary Artery
                 Narrowings: Studies During Myocardial Ischemia and
                 Infarction in Patients with One-vessel Disease.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "66",
  month =        dec,
  pages =        "1168--1176",
  robnote =      "One of what must be a large numnber of papers looking
                 at ECG changes and ischemia. They seem to have found
                 quite good correlation for single artery disease with
                 Q, ST, T waves(segments) for certain patients, not so
                 hot for others. Good definition of what anterior,
                 inferior and lateral wall infarctions mean and what
                 artery is thought to be involved in each.,
                 Ischemia093",
}

@Book{RSM:Fuk72,
  author =       "K. Fukunaga",
  title =        "Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition",
  publisher =    pub-AP,
  year =         "1972",
  annote =       "chap 8 has a detail description of Karhunen-Loeve
                 method",
}

@Book{RSM:Fuk90,
  author =       "K. Fukunaga",
  title =        "Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition",
  publisher =    pub-AP,
  address =      "New York, London",
  OPTedition =   "2nd",
  year =         "1990",
  annote =       "Recommend DSP book, estimation, statistics",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ful93,
  author =       "M.S. Fuller and T.J. Dustman and S. Sharp and L.S.
                 Green and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Optimal lead selection for detection of ischemia",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS93,
  year =         "1993",
  pages =        "-",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Mark's paper on computing ST maps from a few leads",
}

@Article{RSM:Ful96,
  author =       "M.S. Fuller and T.J. Dustman and S. Sharp and L.S.
                 Green and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Optimal lead selection for detection of {ST} segment
                 shifts",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "19",
  pages =        "920--928",
  robnote =      "Mark's paper on computing ST maps from a few leads",
}

@Article{RSM:Fur98,
  author =       "H. Furushima and S. Niwano and M. Chinushi and K.
                 Ohhira and A. Abe and Y. Aizawa",
  title =        "Relation between bradycardia dependent long {QT}
                 syndrome and {QT} prolongation by disopyramide in
                 humans.",
  journal =      "Heart",
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "79",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--58",
  robnote =      "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between the
                 responses of QT interval to pacing change and to
                 disopyramide. The responses of QT interval caused by
                 the change of pacing rate were determined and compared
                 with the changes of the QT interval after disopyramide
                 administration. This study suggests that the patients
                 showing bradycardia dependent QT prolongation are also
                 more markedly affected by disopyramide and that
                 abnormal potassium channel may be the underlying
                 mechanism. LQTS, No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Fus2001,
  author =       "V. Fuster and L. E. Ryden and R. W. Asinger and D. S.
                 Cannom and H. J. Crijns and R. L. Frye and J. L.
                 Halperin and G. N. Kay and W. W. Klein and S. Levy and
                 R. L. McNamara and E. N. Prystowsky and L. S. Wann and
                 D. G. Wyse and R. J. Gibbons and E. M. Antman and J. S.
                 Alpert and D. P. Faxon and V. Fuster and G. Gregoratos
                 and L. F. Hiratzka and A. K. Jacobs and R. O. Russell
                 and Jr. {Smith, S. C.} and W. W. Klein and A.
                 Alonso-Garcia and C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist and G. de
                 Backer and M. Flather and J. Hradec and A. Oto and A.
                 Parkhomenko and S. Silber and A. Torbicki",
  title =        "{ACC}/{AHA}/{ESC} Guidelines for the Management of
                 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary
                 {A} Report of the American College of
                 Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on
                 Practice Guidelines and the European Society of
                 Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy
                 Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the
                 Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation)
                 Developed in Collaboration With the North American
                 Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "104",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "2118--50",
  year =         "2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Fus2006,
  author =       "V. Fuster and L. E. Ryden and D. S. Cannom and H. J.
                 Crijns and A. B. Curtis and K. A. Ellenbogen and J. L.
                 Halperin and J. Y. Le Heuzey and G. N. Kay and J. E.
                 Lowe and S. B. Olsson and E. N. Prystowsky and J. L.
                 Tamargo and S. Wann and Jr. {Smith, S. C.} and A. K.
                 Jacobs and C. D. Adams and J. L. Anderson and E. M.
                 Antman and S. A. Hunt and R. Nishimura and J. P. Ornato
                 and R. L. Page and B. Riegel and S. G. Priori and J. J.
                 Blanc and A. Budaj and A. J. Camm and V. Dean and J. W.
                 Deckers and C. Despres and K. Dickstein and J. Lekakis
                 and K. McGregor and M. Metra and J. Morais and A.
                 Osterspey and J. L. Zamorano",
  title =        "{ACC}/{AHA}/{ESC} 2006 guidelines for the management
                 of patients with atrial fibrillation: full text: a
                 report of the American College of Cardiology/American
                 Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and
                 the European Society of Cardiology Committee for
                 Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the
                 2001 guidelines for the management of patients with
                 atrial fibrillation) developed in collaboration with
                 the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart
                 Rhythm Society",
  journal =      "Europace",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "651--745",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:GO2001,
  author =       "A.S. Go and E.M. Hylek and K.A. Phillips and Y. Chang
                 and L.E. Henault and J.V. Selby and D.E. Singer",
  title =        "Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults:
                 the Anticoagulation and {R}isk {F}actors in {A}trial
                 {F}ibrillation ({ATRIA}) Study",
  journal =      j-JAMA,
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "285",
  pages =        "2370--2375",
  robnote =      "includes numbers for rates of AF atrial fibrillation",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 14 18:49:32 2007",
}

@Misc{RSM:GTK,
  title =        "The {G}imp {T}oolkit ({GTK})",
  howpublished = "http://www.gtk.org/",
  robnote =      "The GTK system used in map3d",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 26 23:52:09 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Gab96,
  author =       "C. Gabriel and S. Gabriel and E. Corthout",
  title =        "The dielectric properties of biological tissue: {I}.
                 {L}iterature survey",
  journal =      "Phys. Med. Biol.",
  volume =       "41",
  pages =        "2231--2249",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{RSM:Gal2016,
  author =       "C. Gall and S. Schmidt and M.P. Schittkowski and A. Antal
                 and G.G. Ambrus and W. Paulus and M. Dannhauer and R.
                 Michalik and A. Mante and M. Bola and A. Lux and S. Kropf
                 and S.A. Brandt and B.A. Sabel",
  title =        "Alternating Current Stimulation for Vision Restoration
                 after Optic Nerve Damage: A Randomized Clinical Trial.",
  journal =      "PLoS One",
  year =         "2016",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "e0156134",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Vision loss after optic neuropathy is
                 considered irreversible. Here, repetitive transorbital
                 alternating current stimulation (rtACS) was applied in
                 partially blind patients with the goal of activating their
                 residual vision. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter,
                 prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled
                 trial in an ambulatory setting with daily application of
                 rtACS (n = 45) or sham-stimulation (n = 37) for 50 min for
                 a duration of 10 week days. A volunteer sample of patients
                 with optic nerve damage (mean age 59.1 yrs) was recruited.
                 The primary outcome measure for efficacy was
                 super-threshold visual fields with 48 hrs after the last
                 treatment day and at 2-months follow-up. Secondary outcome
                 measures were near-threshold visual fields, reaction time,
                 visual acuity, and resting-state EEGs to assess changes in
                 brain physiology. RESULTS: The rtACS-treated group had a
                 mean improvement in visual field of 24.0\% which was
                 significantly greater than after sham-stimulation (2.5\%).
                 This improvement persisted for at least 2 months in terms
                 of both within- and between-group comparisons. Secondary
                 analyses revealed improvements of near-threshold visual
                 fields in the central 5 degrees and increased thresholds
                 in static perimetry after rtACS and improved reaction
                 times, but visual acuity did not change compared to shams.
                 Visual field improvement induced by rtACS was associated
                 with EEG power-spectra and coherence alterations in visual
                 cortical networks which are interpreted as signs of
                 neuromodulation. Current flow simulation indicates current
                 in the frontal cortex, eye, and optic nerve and in the
                 subcortical but not in the cortical regions. CONCLUSION:
                 rtACS treatment is a safe and effective means to partially
                 restore vision after optic nerve damage probably by
                 modulating brain plasticity. This class 1 evidence
                 suggests that visual fields can be improved in a
                 clinically meaningful way. TRIAL REGISTRATION:
                 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01280877.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 20 07:05:08 2017",
  pmcid =        "PMC4927182",
}

@Article{RSM:Gal75,
  author =       "J.J. Gallagher and M. Gilbert and R.H. Svenson and
                 W.C. Sealy and J. Kasell and A.G. Wallace",
  title =        "{W}olff-{P}arkinson-{W}hite Syndrome: {T}he Problem,
                 Evaluation, and Surgical Correction",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "767--785",
  robnote =      "What looks like a pretty complete introductory article
                 of WPW and what it looks like clinically, treatment,
                 etc. Relates to intraoperative mapping, of course, and
                 epicardial mapping. Read it! thesis, Arrhythm020",
}

@Article{RSM:Gal78,
  author =       "J.J. Gallagher and J. Kasell and W.C. Sealy and E.L.C.
                 Prtichett and A.G. Wallace",
  title =        "Epicardial mapping in the {W}olff-{P}arkinson-{W}hite
                 syndrome",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "57",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "854--866",
  month =         "May",
  robnote =      "A review of the use of epicardial mapping to localize
                 sites of reentry in WPW cases. Describes equipment and
                 methodolgy based on early work at Duke.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Gal91,
  author =       "R.S. Gallagher",
  title =        "Span filtering: {A}n optimization scheme for volume
                 visualization of larger finite element models",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IEEE Visualizaion 91",
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "68--75",
  publisher =    "IEEE CS Press",
  address =      "Los Alamitos, Calif.",
  robnote =      "A paper from Vis 91 describing a scheme to extract
                 isosurfaces from 3D datasets, especially useful for
                 cases of repeated access to the data, or when data does
                 not change too much from frame to frame. scientific
                 visualization, graphics",
}

@Article{RSM:Gan86,
  author =       "V.Y. Ganitkevich and M.F. Shuba and S.V. Smirnov",
  title =        "Potential - Dependent Calcium Inward Current in a
                 Single Isolated Smooth Muscle Cell of the Ginea-Pig
                 Taenia Caeci",
  journal =      j-JP,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "1--16",
  robnote =      "smooth muscle, patch clamp, voltage clamp,
                 CellPhysiol046",
}

@Article{RSM:Gao2015,
  author = 	 "Y. Gao and L. Zhu and J. Cates and R.S. MacLeod and S.  Bouix
                  and A. Tannenbaum.",
  title = 	 "A {K}alman Filtering Perspective for Multi-Atlas
                 Segmentation",
  journal = 	 j-SIAM-J-IS,
  year = 	 2015,
  volume = 	 8,
  number = 	 2,
  pages = 	 "1007--1029",
  Robnote = 	 "ANother segmentation paper "
}

@Article{RSM:Gar14,
  author =       "W.E. Garrey",
  title =        "The Nature of Fibrillary Contraction of the heart -
                 Its relation to Tissue Mass and Form",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1914",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "397--414",
  robnote =      "A classic early paper on arrhythmia and fibrillation.,
                 Arrhythm002",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar2003,
  author =       "A. Garny and P. Kohl and P.J. Hunter and M.R. Boyett
                 and D. Noble",
  title =        "One-dimensional rabbit sinoatrial node models:
                 benefits and limitations.",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2003",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "10 Suppl",
  pages =        "S121--S132",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: We implemented a variety of
                 one-dimensional sinoatrial models consisting of
                 descriptions of central, transitional, and peripheral
                 sinoatrial node cells, as well as rabbit or human
                 atrial cells. These one-dimensional models were
                 implemented using CMISS on an SGI Origin 2000
                 supercomputer. Intercellular coupling parameters
                 recorded in experimental studies on sinoatrial node and
                 atrial cell-pairs under-represent the electrotonic
                 interactions that any cardiomyocyte would have in a
                 multidimensional setting. Multicellular one-dimensional
                 models of sinoatrial node and atrium require larger
                 than physiologic intercellular conductivities in order
                 to make up for a lack of anatomical spatial scaling.
                 Multicellular models for more in-depth quantitative
                 studies will require more realistic
                 anatomico-physiologic properties.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 7 16:37:50 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar2003a,
  author = 	 "J. Garcia and M. Astr{\"o}em and J. Mendive and
		  P. Laguna and L. S{\"o}rnmo",
  title = 	 "ECG-Based Detection of Body Position
		  Changes in Ischemia Monitoring",
  journal = 	 j-BME,
  year = 	 2003,
  volume = 	 50,
  number = 	 6,
  pages = 	 "677--685",
  robnote = 	 "paper on effect of heart postion on ECG and a means
		  of detecting these shifts and differentiating them
		  from ischemia induced shifts.",
  bibdate = 	 "Sun Dec 21 21:45:39 2008",
}

@Misc{RSM:Gar2004,
  author =       "A. Garfinkel",
  title =        "(personal communication)",
  robnote =      "they are doing computations with 125 million points",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 30 16:53:48 2005",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Gar2013,
  author = 	 "G. Gardner and J. Kump and D. Chang and R.S. MacLeod and
                  N.F. Marrouche and J. Cates.",
  title = 	 "Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendage Shape Variations in
                  Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Stroke",
  booktitle = "Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Sessions",
  year = 	 2013,
  Robnote = 	 "Shape analysis of LA and LAA"
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Gar2013a,
  author =    "G. Gardner and A. Morris and K. Higuchi and R.S.
              MacLeod and J. Cates",
  title =     "A Point-Correspondence Approach to Describing the
              Distribution of Image Features on Anatomical
              Surfaces, with Application to Atrial
              Fibrillation",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2013 {IEEE} 10th International
              Symposium on Biomedical Imaging ({ISBI})",
  pages =     "226--229",
  year =      "2013",
  pmcid =     "PMC3892711",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar70,
  author =       "M. Gardner",
  title =        "Mathematical Games",
  journal =      "Scient. Amer.",
  year =         "1970",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "120--123",
  robnote =      "The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new
                 solitaire game ``life''. This is the earliest reference
                 I have on the game of life. cellular automata.,
                 Prop019",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar71,
  author =       "M. Gardner",
  title =        "Mathematical Games",
  journal =      "Scient. Amer.",
  year =         "1971",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "112--117",
  robnote =      "A follow-up to the last article on cellular automata
                 and the game of life., Prop020",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar85,
  author =       "P.I. Gardner and P.C. Ursell and J.J. Fenoglio and
                 A.L. Wit",
  title =        "Electrophysiologic and anatomic basis for fractionated
                 electrograms recorded from healed myocardial infarcts",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "596--611",
  robnote =      "epicardial mapping, bipolar electrodes",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar86,
  author =       "M.J. Gardner and T.J. Montague and C.S. Armstrong and
                 M.B. Horacek and E.R. Smith",
  title =        "Vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmia: {A}ssessment
                 by mapping of body surface potential",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "73",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "684--692",
  month =        "Apr.",
  robnote =      "Martin's paper on QRST mapping of patients with VT
                 versus normals and post MI patients without arrhythmia.
                 Uses method of counting extremea in the maps to
                 differentiate.BSPM",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar87,
  author =       "E. Garfield",
  title =        "Current Contents Search: New Online Version of Current
                 Contents Expands your Coverage and Retrieval Options",
  journal =      "Current Contents",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "50",
  month =        dec,
  pages =        "13--16",
  robnote =      "A description of the new current contents online
                 search facilities and the software to access them, ie.
                 SciMate!, CompSoft089",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar89,
  author =       "M.J. Gardner",
  title =        "Surgical Treatment for Ventricular Tachycardia",
  journal =      "Vox MeDal",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "7--10",
  robnote =      "A short easy paper by Martin for the Dal Medical
                 Alumni which describes in simple terms the process of
                 ablation for treatment of tachycardia., Arrhythm029",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar90,
  author =       "M.J. Gardner",
  title =        "Body Surface Potential Mapping",
  journal =      "Medicine North America",
  year =         "1990",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "440--444",
  robnote =      "A paper Martin did on BSPM for the general clinician,
                 BSPM100",
}

@Article{RSM:Gar93,
  author =       "A. Garfinkel and M.L. Spano and W.L. Ditto and J.N.
                 Weiss",
  title =        "Controlling cardiac chaos",
  journal =      j-SCI,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "257",
  pages =        "1230--1235",
  month =        aug,
  robnote =      "A neat article on using nonliner dynamics (chaos) as
                 the basis of a method for stabilizing a heart in VF by
                 applying small stimuli at the correct moments. Used
                 ouabain on rabbit hearts at the model.
                 defibrillation.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Gar97,
  author =       "M. Garland and P.S. Heckbert",
  title =        "Surface Simplification Using Quadric Error Metrics",
  editor =       "Turner Whitted",
  pages =        "209--216",
  booktitle =    "SIGGRAPH 97 Conference Proceedings",
  year =         "1997",
  month =        aug,
  annote =       "",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Gar99,
  author =       "M. Garland",
  title =        "Quadric-Based Polygonal Surface Simplification",
  school =       "Carnegie Mellon University",
  year =         "1999",
  robnote =      "thesis on mesh simplification",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 21 21:53:54 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Gat89,
  author =       "B. Gates",
  title =        "The 25th Birthday of Basic",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "268--276",
  robnote =      "Bill Gates looks at what BASIC

license: MIT

license_type: permissive