text:
965},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {73--89},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {counterfactual-past;}
  }

@inproceedings{ white_m:1995a,
  author = {Michael White},
  title = {Presenting Punctuation},
  pages = {107--125},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth {E}uropean Workshop on
		  Natural Language Generation},
  address = {Leiden,  Netherlands},
  year = {1995},
  topic = {punctuation;}
 }

@incollection{ white_m-caldwell:1998a,
  author = {Michael White and Ted Caldwell},
  title = {{EXEMPLARS}: A Practical, Extensible Framework for Dynamic
  	Text Generation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {266--275},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;}
  }

@article{ white_mj:1976a,
  author = {Michael J. White},
  title = {Davidson and Non-Trivial {T}-Sentences},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1976},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {87--97},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {Davidson-semantics;}
  }

@book{ white_pa:1995a,
  author = {Peter A. White},
  title = {The Understanding of Causality and the Production of Action},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Mahwah, New Jersey},
  topic = {causality;agency;cognitive-psychology;}
 }

@article{ white_rb:1979a,
  author = {Richard B. White},
  title = {The Consistency of the Axiom of Comprehension in the
  	Infinite-Valued Predicate Logic of {\L}ukasiewicz},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {509--534},
  contentnote = {Proves consistency of ax of comp in many-valued
  	logic with infinitely many values.  This was conjectured
	by Skolem.},
  topic = {axiom-of-comprehension;multivalued-logic;}
  }

@book{ whitehead_an-russell_b:1910a,
  author = {Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Principia Mathematica},
  edition = {First},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1910--1913},
  note = {Three volumes.},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-classics;foundations-of-mathematics;logicism;}
  }

@book{ whitehead_an-russell_b:1925a,
  author = {Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Principia Mathematica},
  edition = {Second},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1925--1927},
  note = {Three volumes.},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-classics;foundations-of-mathematics;logicism;}
  }

@book{ whitehead_an-russell_b:1964a,
  author = {Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell},
  title = {Principia Mathematica to *56},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1964},
  note = {Three volumes.},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {logic-classics;foundations-of-mathematics;logicism;}
  }

@article{ whitehead_sd-lin_lj:1995a,
  author = {Steven D. Whitehead and Long-Ji Lin},
  title = {Reinforcement Learning of Non-{M}arkov Decision Processes},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {73},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {271--306},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Techniques based on reinforcement learning (RL) have been used
     to build systems that learn to perform nontrivial sequential
     decision tasks. To date, most of this work has focused on
     learning tasks that can be described as Markov decision
     processes.  While this formalism is useful for modeling a wide
     range of control problems, there are important tasks that are
     inherently non-Markov.  We refer to these as hidden state tasks
     since they arise when information relevant to identifying the
     state of the environment is hidden (or missing) from the agent's
     immediate sensation. Two important types of control problems
     that resist Markov modeling are those in which (1) the system
     has a high degree of control over the information collected by
     its sensors (e.g., as in active vision), or (2) the system has a
     limited set of sensors that do not always provide adequate
     information about the current state of the environment.
     Existing RL algorithms perform unreliably on hidden state tasks.
     This article examines two general approaches to extending
     reinforcement learning to hidden state tasks.  The Consistent
     Representation (CR) Method unifies recent approaches such as the
     Lion algorithm, the G-algorithm, and CS-QL. The method is useful
     for learning tasks that require the agent to control its sensory
     inputs.  However, it assumes that, by appropriate control of
     perception, the external states can be identified at each point
     in time from the immediate sensory inputs. A second, more
     general set of algorithms in which the agent maintains internal
     state over time is also considered. These stored-state
     algorithms, though quite different in detail, share the common
     feature that each derives its internal representation by
     combining immediate sensory inputs with internal state which is
     maintained over time. The relative merits of these methods are
     considered and conditions for their useful application are
     discussed.
  },
  topic = {reinforcement-learning;hidden-state-tasks;}
  }

@article{ whiteley_ch:1971a,
  author = {C.H. Whiteley},
  title = {Mr. {G}ustafson on Doubting One's Own Intentions},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  number = {317},
  pages = {108},
  xref = {Commentary on gustafson:1974a.},
  topic = {intention;philosophy-of-action;}
  }

@book{ whitelock:1987a,
  editor = {P. Whitelock},
  title = {Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1987},
  address = {London},
  note = {Proceedings of a workshop held at the Centre for Computational
    Linguistics, University of Manchester Institute of Science and
    Technology, 4--6 September 1985.},
  ISBN = {0127472207},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, P 98 .L74 1987},
  topic = {nl-processing;}
 }

@article{ whitely_ch:1963a,
  author = {C.H. Whitely},
  title = {`{C}an'\, },
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1963},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {91--93},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {ability;}
  }

@incollection{ whitfield:1962a,
  author = {Francis J. Whitfield},
  title = {Criteria for a Model of Language},
  booktitle = {Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science: Proceedings
  		of the 1960 International Congress},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1962},
  editor = {Ernest Nagel and Patrick Suppes and Alfred Tarski},
  pages = {577--583},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;}
  }

@article{ whitley_d-etal:1996a,
  author = {Darrell Whitley and Soraya Rana and John Dzubera and
  	Keith E. Mathias},
  title = {Evaluating Evolutionary Algorithms},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {85},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {245--276},
  topic = {genetic-algorithms;}
  }

@inproceedings{ whitsey:2003a,
  author = {Mark Whitsey},
  title = {Discourse Context and Indexicality},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context: Fourth International and
  	Interdisciplinary Conference, Context 2003},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2003},
  editor = {Patrick Blackburn and Chiara Ghidini and Roy M. Turner
  	and Fausto Giunchiglia},
  pages = {356--368},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;discourse;indexicality;}
  }

@article{ whittle:2009a,
  author = {Bruno Whittle},
  title = {Epistemically Possible Worlds and Propositions},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {43},
  number = {2},
  pages = {265--285},
  topic = {philosophy-of-possible-worlds;}
  }

@article{ wick-thompson_wb:1992a,
  author = {Michael R. Wick and William B. Thompson},
  title = {Reconstructive Expert System Explanation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {54},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {33--70},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Existing explanation facilities are typically far more
     appropriate for knowledge engineers engaged in system
     maintenance than for end-users of the system.  This is because
     the explanation is little more than a trace of the detailed
     problem-solving steps.  An alternative approach recognizes that
     an effective explanation often needs to substantially reorganize
     the actual line of reasoning and bring to bear additional
     information to support the result.  Explanation itself becomes a
     complex problem-solving process that depends not only on the
     actual line of reasoning, but also on additional knowledge of
     the domain.  This paper presents a new computational model of
     explanation and argues that it results in significant
     improvements over traditional approaches.  },
  topic = {explanation;expert-systems;}
  }

@inproceedings{ widdows:2003a,
  author = {Domenic Widdows},
  title = {A Mathematical Model for Context and Word-Meaning},
  booktitle = {Modeling and Using Context: Fourth International and
  	Interdisciplinary Conference, Context 2003},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {2003},
  editor = {Patrick Blackburn and Chiara Ghidini and Roy M. Turner
  	and Fausto Giunchiglia},
  pages = {369--382},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {context;lexical-disambiguation;}
  }

@article{ widerker:1995a,
  author = {David Widerker},
  title = {Libertarianism and {F}rankfurt's Attack on the Principle
  		of Alternate Possibilities},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {103},
  number = {4},
  pages = {247--261},
  xref = {Commentary: moya:2007a},
  topic = {freedom;(in)determinism;responsibility;}
  }

@article{ widerker:2006a,
  author = {David Widerker},
  title = {Libertarianism and the Philosophical Significance of
             {F}rankfurt Scenarios},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {103},
  number = {4},
  pages = {163--187},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}
  }

@article{ widmer:2003a,
  author = {Gerhard Widmer},
  title = {Discovering Simple Rules in Complex Data: A Meta-Learning
  	Algorithm and some Surprising Musical Discoveries},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {146},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--148},
  topic = {machine-learning;data-mining;AI-and-music;}
  }

@article{ widmer-etal:2009a,
  author = {Gerhard Widmer and Sebastian Flossmann and Maarten Grachten},
  title = {{YQX} Plays {C}hopin},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35--48},
  topic = {AI-and-music;computational-creativity;}
  }

@incollection{ wiebe-etal:1997a,
  author = {Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Kenneth McKeever and
		Thorsten \"Ohrstr\"m-Sandgren},
  title = {An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
		Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Claire Cardie and Ralph Weischedel},
  pages = {174--186},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {empirical-methods-in-nlp;temporal-reference;}
  }

@incollection{ wiebe-etal:1998a,
  author = {Janyce Wiebe and Tom O'Hara and Rebecca Bruce},
  title = {Constructing {B}ayesian Networks from {W}ord{N}et
		for Word-Sense Disambiguation: Representational
		and Processing Issues},
  booktitle = {Use of {W}ord{N}et in Natural Language Processing
  	Systems:  Proceedings of the Conference},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Sanda Harabagiu},
  pages = {23--30},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-processing;WordNet;lexical-disambiguation;}
  }

@article{ wiebe-etal:2004a,
  author = {Janyce Wiebe and Theresa Wilson and Rebecca Bruce and
  		Matthew Bell and Melanie Martin},
  title = {Learning Subjective Language},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {277--308},
  topic = {subjectivity;statistical-nlp;}
  }

@incollection{ wiehagen:1991a,
  author = {Rolf Wiehagen},
  title = {A Thesis in Inductive Inference},
  booktitle = {Nonmonotonic and Inductive Logics},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {J\"urgen Dix and Klaus P. Jantke and P.H. Schmidt},
  pages = {184--207},
  address = {Berlin},
  missinginfo = {E's 1st name.},
  topic = {learning-theory;}
  }

@article{ wieringa-etal:1995a,
  author = {Roel Wieringa and Wiebren de Jonge and Paul Spruit},
  title = {Using Dynamic Classes and Role Classes to Model Object
  	Migration},
  journal = {Theory and Practice of Object Systems},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {61--83},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {object-migration;individuation;object-oriented-analysis;
  	dynamic logic ;}
  }

@article{ wierzbicka:1975a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Topic, Focus, and Deep Structure.},
  journal = {Papers in Linguistics},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {3--58},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {s-topic;pragmatics;}
  }

@book{ wierzbicka:1975b,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Semantic Primitives},
  publisher = {Athen\"aeum Verlag},
  year = {1975},
  address = {Frankfurt},
  note = {Translated by A. Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard.},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;semantic-primitives;}
 }

@book{ wierzbicka:1980a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Lingua Mentalis: The Semantics of Natural Language},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Sydney},
  note = {Translated by A. Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard.},
  topic = {cognitive-semantics;foundations-of-semantics;}
 }

@book{ wierzbicka:1980b,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {The Case for Surface Case},
  publisher = {Karoma Publishers},
  year = {1980},
  address = {Ann Arbor, Michigan},
  ISBN = {0897200276 (cloth)},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, P 163 .W511 1980.},
  topic = {case-grammar;}
 }

@article{ wierzbicka:1987a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Boys Will Be Boys: `Radical Semantics' vs.
  	`Radical Pragmatics'\, },
  journal = {Language},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {63},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--114},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {implicature;pragmatics;}
  }

@book{ wierzbicka:1991a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human
  	Interaction},
  publisher = {Mouton de Gruyter},
  year = {1991},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0899256996},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, P 99.4 .P72 W531 1991.},
  topic = {pragmatics;sociolinguistics;cultural-anthropology;}
 }

@book{ wierzbicka:1992a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Semantics, Culture, and Cognition},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {nl-semantics;cultural-anthropology;psycholinguistics;}
 }

@book{ wierzbicka:1992b,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Semantics, Primes, and Universals},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1992},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {semantic-primitives;nl-semantics;}
 }

@article{ wierzbicka:1992c,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Talking about Emotions: Semantics, Culture, and
  	Cognition},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {285--319},
  year = {1992},
  topic = {emotion;}
  }

@book{ wierzbicka:1999a,
  author = {Anna Wierzbicka},
  title = {Emotions Across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and
  	Universals},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge},
  ISBN = {0521590426},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, BF 531 .W54 1999.},
  topic = {emotion;philosophical-anthropology;}
 }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1965a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Identity-Statements},
  booktitle = {Analytical Philosophy, Second Series},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  year = {1965},
  editor = {Ronald J. Butler},
  address = {Oxford},
  pages = {40--71},
  topic = {identity;individuation;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1971a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {On Sentence-Sense, Word-Sense, and Difference
     		of Word-Sense.  Towards a Philosophical Theory
		of Dictionaries},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {13--34},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;dictionary-construction;
  		philosophy-of-language;word-sense;nl-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1971b,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {A Reply to {M}r. {A}lston},
  booktitle = {Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy,
  	Linguistics, and Psychology},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {Danny D. Steinberg and Leon A. Jacobovits},
  pages = {48--52},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  topic = {ambiguity;lexical-semantics;dictionary-construction;
  		philosophy-of-language;word-sense;nl-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1973a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Towards a Reasonable Libertarianism},
  booktitle = {Essays on Freedom of Action},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Ted Honderich},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  pages = {33--61},
  address = {London},
  topic = {freedom;volition;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1976a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {The {\em De Re} `Must':  A Note on the
    		Logical Form of Essentialist Claims},
  booktitle = {Truth and Meaning: Essays in Semantics},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1976},
  editor = {Gareth Evans and John Mc{D}owell},
  pages = {285--312},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {individual-attitudes;essentialism;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1978a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Deliberation and Practical Reason},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {144--152},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {practical-reasoning;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1980a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {What Would Be a Substantial Theory of Truth?},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to
  	{P.J.} {S}trawson},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1980},
  editor = {Zak van Stratten},
  pages = {189--221},
  address = {Oxford},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {truth;philosophy-of-language;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_d:1995a,
  author = {David Wiggins},
  title = {Putnam's Doctrine of Natural Kind Words and
		{F}rege's Doctrines of Sense, Reference, and Extension:
		Can They Cohere?},
  booktitle = {Frege, Sense and Reference One Hundred Years Later},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {John I. Biro and Petr Kotatko},
  pages = {59--74},
  address = {Dordrecht},
  topic = {Frege;intensionality;reference;natural-kinds;}
  }

@incollection{ wiggins_ga:1994a,
  author = {Geraint A. Wiggins},
  title = {Improving the {Whelk} System: A
    		Type-Theoretic Reconstruction},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming Synthesis and Transformation,
  	Meta-Programming in Logic: Fourth International Workshops,
	{LOBSTR}'94 and	{META}'94, Pisa, Italy},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Laurent Fribourg and Franco Turini},
  pages = {231--247},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {logic-program-synthesis;}
  }

@article{ wigner:1960a,
 author = {Eugene P. Wigner},
 title = {The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the
 	Natural Sciences},
 journal = {Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics},
 year = {1960},
 volume = {13},
 pages = {1--14},
 topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}
 }

@incollection{ wigner:1971a,
  author = {E. Wigner},
  title = {Quantum-Mechanical Distribution Functions Revisited},
  booktitle = {Perspectives in Quantum Theory},
  year = {1971},
  editor = {W. Yourgraw and A. van der Merwe},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  pages = {25--36},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {foundations-of-quantum-mechanics;}
  }

@incollection{ wilcock:1998a,
  author = {Graham Wilcock},
  title = {Approaches to Syntactic Realization with {HPSG}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop
  	on Natural Language Generation},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Eduard Hovy},
  pages = {218--227},
  address = {New Brunswick, New Jersey},
  topic = {nl-generation;HPSG;}
  }

@article{ wilcock:2000a,
  author = {Graham Wilcock},
  title = {Review of \emph{{S}ystemic Functional Grammar in Natural Language
  	Generation: Linguistic Description and Computational
	Representation}, by Elke {T}eich},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {291--293},
  xref = {Review of: teich:1999a.},
  topic = {systemic-grammar;nl-generation;}
  }

@incollection{ wilcock-jokinen:2003a,
  author = {Graham Wilcock and Kristiina Jokinen},
  title = {Generation Models for Spoken Dialogues},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the 2003 {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written
	Dialogue},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  year = {2003},
  editor = {Reva Freedman and Charles Callaway},
  pages = {159--165},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-generation;computational-dialogue;
  		spoken-dialogue-systems;}
  }

@incollection{ wildgen:1981a,
  author = {Wolfgang Wildgen},
  title = {Archetypal Dynamics in Word Semantics: An
    		Application of Catastrophe Theory},
  booktitle = {Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches to Word
  	Semantics},
  publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Hans-J\"urgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser},
  pages = {234--296},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {lexical-semantics;catastrophe-theory;}
 }

@incollection{ wildgen:1983a,
  author = {Wolfgang Wildgen},
  title = {Modelling Vagueness in Catastrophe-Theoretic Semantics},
  booktitle = {Approaching Vagueness},
  publisher = {North-Holland},
  year = {1983},
  editor = {Thomas T. Ballmer and Manfred Pinkal},
  pages = {317--360},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  topic = {vagueness;catastrophe-theory;}
  }

@article{ wilensky:1981a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky},
  title = {Meta-Planning: Representing and Using Knowledge about
  	Planning in Problem Solving and Natural Language Understanding},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  year = {1981},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {197--233},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {planning;metaplanning;nl-interpretation;}
  }

@book{ wilensky:1983a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky},
  title = {Planning and Understanding: A Computational Approach to
  	Human Reasoning},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Reviews: russell_dm:1984a, berlin:1984a.},
  topic = {planning;nl-interpretation;plan-recognition;}
 }

@article{ wilensky:1988a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky David N. Chin and Marc Luria and James
  	Martin and James Mayfield and Dekai Wu},
  title = {The Berkeley {UNIX} Consultant Project},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {35--84},
  topic = {nl-tutoring;}
  }

@incollection{ wilensky:1991a,
  author = {Robert Wilensky},
  title = {The Ontology and Representation of Situations},
  booktitle = {{KR}'91: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1991},
  editor = {James F. Allen and Richard Fikes and Erik Sandewall},
  pages = {558--569},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {kr;computatinal-semantics;kr-course;}
  }

@book{ wilf:2002a,
  author = {Herbert S. Wilf},
  title = {Algorithms and Complexity},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {A.K. Peters},
  year = {2002},
  address = {Natik, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {1-56881-178-0},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.  CS General shelves.},
  topic = {algorithms;complexity;}
 }

@incollection{ wilhelm_a:2003a,
  author = {Andrea Wilhelm},
  title = {Quasi-Telic Perfective Aspect in {D}\"ene
  		{S}\c{u}{\l}inin\'e ({C}hipewyan)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {XIII}},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  year = {2003},
  editor = {Robert B. Young and Yuping Zhou},
  pages = {310--327},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  topic = {nl-semantics;Athabaskan-languages;}
  }

@article{ wilholt:2007a,
  author = {Torsten Wilholt},
  title = {Review of \emph{{T}he Architecture of Modern Mathematics:
  		Essays in History and Philosophy}, edited by {J}os\'e
		{F}erreir\'os and {J}eremy {J}. {G}rey},
  journal = {The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {368--370},
  xref = {Review of: ferreiros-grey_jj:2006a},
  topic = {history-of-mathematics;phjilosophy-of-mathematics;}
  }

@book{ wilkes:1988a,
  author = {Kathleen Wilkes},
  title = {Real People: Personal Identity without Thought Experiments},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0198249551},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, BF 697 .W49351 1988.},
  topic = {cognitive-psychology;philosophical-thought-experiments;}
 }

@article{ wilkins_dc-ma_y:1994a,
  author = {David C. Wilkins and Yong Ma},
  title = {The Refinement of Probabilistic Rule Sets: Sociopathic
  	Interactions},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--32},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Probabilistic rules in a classification expert system can result
     in a sociopathic knowledge base, as a consequence of the
     assumption of conditional independence between observations and
     rule modularity.  A sociopathic knowledge base has the property
     that all the rules are individually judged to be correct rules,
     yet a subset of the knowledge base gives better classification
     accuracy than the original knowledge base, independent of the
     amount of computational resources that are available.
      This paper describes how sociopathic interactions cause rule
     induction and refinement methods to converge to local optima
     with respect to maximizing classification accuracy.  The problem
     of optimally refining sociopathic knowledge bases is modeled as
     a bipartite graph minimization problem and shown to be NP-hard.
     A heuristic rule refinement algorithm for sociopathic reduction,
     called SOCIO-REDUCER, is presented.  Experimental results in a
     medical diagnosis domain show that it can reduce the diagnosis
     error rate by 10.5%.  },
  topic = {diagnosis;automatic-classification;}
  }

@article{ wilkins_de:1980a1,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Using Patterns and Plans in Chess},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--203},
  xref = {Republication: wilkins_de:1980a2.},
  topic = {game-playing;planning;}
  }

@incollection{ wilkins_de:1980a2,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Using Patterns and Plans in Chess},
  booktitle = {Readings in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Bonnie Webber and Nils J. Nilsson},
  pages = {390--409},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Journal Publication: wilkins_de:1980a1.},
  topic = {game-playing;planning;}
  }

@article{ wilkins_de:1982a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Using Knowledge to Control Tree Searching},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {1--51},
  topic = {search;heuristics;plan-algorithms;}
 }

@article{ wilkins_de:1984a,
  author = {David E.  Wilkins},
  title = {Domain-Independent Planning: Representation and Plan
  	Generation},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {269--301},
  topic = {planning;planning-algorithms;}
  }

@book{ wilkins_de:1988a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins},
  title = {Practical Planning: Extending the Classical {AI} Paradigm},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1988},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  ISBN = {0-934613-94-X},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Q335 .W551 1988.},
  topic = {planning;}
  }

@article{ wilkins_de-etal:1995a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins and Karen L. Myers and J.D. Lowrance},
  title = {Planning and Reacting in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical {AI}},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {197--227},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;}
  }

@article{ wilkins_de-myers_kl:1995a,
  author = {David E. Wilkins and Karen L. Myers},
  title = {A Common Knowledge Representation for Plan Generation
  	and Reactive Execution},
  journal = {Journal of Logic and Computation},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {731--761},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name},
  topic = {execution-monitoring;plan-execution;}
  }

@book{ wilkins_j:1668a,
  author = {John Wilkins},
  title = {An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical
  	Language},
  publisher = {Samuel Gellibrund \&{} John Martyn},
  year = {1668},
  address = {London},
  topic = {artificial-languages;}
 }

@book{ wilkins_w:1981a,
  editor = {Wendy Wilkins},
  title = {Constraints on Rule Form---The Implications for
  	Degree-2 Learnability},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1981},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {L1-language-learning;}
 }

@book{ wilkins_w:1988a,
  editor = {Wendy Wilkins},
  title = {Syntax and Semantics 21: Thematic Relations},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {New York},
  rtnote = {Not in Pitt Library.},
  topic = {thematic-roles;}
 }

@phdthesis{ wilkinson:1991a,
  author = {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {Studies in the Semantics of Generic Noun Phrases},
  school = {University of Massachusetts},
  year = {1991},
  address = {Amherst},
  topic = {generics;}
  }

@inproceedings{ wilkinson:1993a,
  author =  {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {Towards a Unified Semantics of Even: A Reply to {R}ooth},
  booktitle = {Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory {III}},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Utpal Lahiri and Zachary Wyner},
  pages = {182--201},
  publisher = {Cornell University},
  address = {Ithaca, New York},
  note = {Available from CLC Publications, Department of Linguistics,
  	Morrill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4701.},
  topic = {polarity;`even';}
  }

@incollection{ wilkinson:1995a,
  author = {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {The Semantics of the Common Noun `Kind'},
  booktitle = {The Generic Book},
  publisher = {Chicago University Press},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Gregory Carlson and Francis Jeffry Pelletier},
  pages = {383--397},
  address = {Chicago, IL},
  topic = {generics;natural-kinds;}
  }

@article{ wilkinson:1996a,
  author = {Karina Wilkinson},
  title = {The Scope of `Even'\, },
  journal = {Natural Language Semantics},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {193--215},
  topic = {`even';implicature;sentence-focus;pragmatics;}
  }

@book{ wilks:1972a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Grammar, Meaning, and the Machine Analysis of Language},
  publisher = {Routledge and Kegan Paul},
  year = {1972},
  address = {London},
  topic = {nl-processing;nl-interpretation;}
 }

@article{ wilks:1975a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {A Preferential, Pattern-Seeking, Semantics for Natural
  	Language Inference},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--74},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper describes the way in which a Preference Semantics
     system for natural language analysis and generation tackles a
     difficult class of anaphoric inference problems: those requiring
     either analytic (conceptual) knowledge of a complex sort, or
     requiring weak inductive knowledge of the course of events in
     the real world.  The method employed converts all available
     knowledge to a canonical template form and endeavors to create
     chains of nondeductive inferences from the unknowns to the
     possible referents.  Its method for this is consistent with the
     overall principle of ``semantic preference'' used to set up the
     original meaning representation.   },
  topic = {anaphora;computational-semantics;}
  }

@article{ wilks:1977a,
  author = {Yorik WIlks},
  title = {Good and Bad Arguments about Semantic Primitives},
  journal = {Communication and Cognition},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3/4},
  pages = {181--221},
  topic = {semantic-primitives;}
  }

@article{ wilks:1978a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Making Preferences More Active},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {197--223},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     The paper discusses the incorporation of richer semantic
     structures into the Preference Semantics system: they are called
     pseudo-texts and capture something of the information expressed
     in one type of frame proposed by Minsky (q.v.). however, they
     are in a format, and subject to rules of inference, consistent
     with earlier accounts of this system of language analysis and
     understanding.  Their use is discussed in connection with the
     phenomenon of extended use: sentences where the semantic
     preferences are broken.  It is argued that such situations are
     the norm and not the exception in normal language use, and that
     a language understanding system must give some general treatment
     of them.  A notion of sense projection is proposed, leading on to
     an alteration of semantic formulas (word sense representations)
     in the face of unexpected context by drawing information from
     the pseudo texts.  A possible implementation is described, based
     on a new semantic parser for the Preference Semantics system,
     which would cope with extended use by the methods suggested and
     answer questions about the process of analysis itself.  It is
     argued that this would be a good context in which to place a
     language understander (rather than that of question-answering
     about a limited area of the real world, as is normal) and,
     moreover, that the sense projection mechanisms suggested would
     provide a test-bed on which the usefulness of frames for
     language understanding could be realistically assessed. },
  topic = {text-understanding;word-sense;}
  }

@incollection{ wilks:1985a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Relevance and Beliefs},
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {265--289},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {pragmatics;implicature;relevance-theory;}
  }

@book{ wilks:1989a,
  editor = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing},
  publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Hillsdale, New Jersey},
  ISBN = {0805801839},
  rtnote = {UMich MEDIA UNION LIBRARY, QA 76 .S4251 1997.},
  contentnote = {TC:
     1. Donald E. Walker, "The World of Words"
     2. Branimir K. Boguraev, "The Definitional Power of Words"
     3. Robert A. Amsler, "Words and Worlds"
     4. Jerry R. Hobbs, "World Knowledge and Word Meaning"
     5. Judy Kegl, "The Boundary between Word Knowledge and World
     		Knowledge"
     6. Gerald Gazdar, "COMIT >* PATR II"
        Steve Pulman, "Unification and the New Grammatism"
     7. Aravind K. Joshi, "Unification and Some New Grammatical Formalisms"
     8. David L.  Waltz, "Connectionist Models: Not Just a
     	    Notational Variant, Not a Panacea"
     9. Garrison W. Cottrell, "Toward Connectionist Semantics"
    10. Eugene Charniak, "Connectionism and Explanation"
    11. James L. McClelland, "Parallel Distributed Processing and
    	    Role Assignment Constraints"
    12. Wendy G. Lehnert, "Towards a Semantic Theory of Discourse"
    13. C. Raymond Perrault, "Possible Implication of Connectionism"
    14. Robert Wilensky, "Some Complexities of Goal Analysis"
    15. Norman K. Sondheimer, "The Rate of Progress in Natural
    	    Language Processing"
    16. Larry Birnbaum, "Let's put the AI back in NLP"
    17. David J. Israel, "On formal Versus Commonsense Semantics"
    18. Yorick Wilks, "On Keeping Logic in Its Place"
    19. Karen Sparck Jones, "They Say It's a New Sort of Engine: But
    	   the Sump's Still There"
    20. Deborah A. Dahl,  "Determiners, Entities, and Contexts"
    21. Amichai Kronfeld, "Goals of Referring Acts"
    22. Bradley A. Goodman, "Viewing Metaphor as Analogy: The Good,
    	   the Bad, and the Ugly"
    23. Dedre Gentner and Brian Falkenhainer and Janice
           Skorstad, "Reference and Reference Failures"
    22. Andrew Ortony and Lynn Fainsilber, "The Role of
    	   Metaphors in Descriptions of Emotions"
    23. Edwin Plantinga, "Mental Models and Metaphor"
    24. Aravind K. Joshi, "Generation: A New Frontier of
    	   Natural Language Processing?"
    25. David D. McDonald, "No better, but No Worse, than People"
    26. Douglas E. Appelt, "Bidirectional Grammars and the Design of
    	   Natural Language Generation Systems"
  },
  topic = {nl-processing;}
 }

@incollection{ wilks:1994a,
  author = {Yorik Wilks},
  title = {Stone Soup and the {F}rench Room},
  booktitle = {Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: Essays in
  	Honour of {D}on {W}alker},
  publisher = {Giardini Editori e Stampatori and Kluwer Academic
  	Publishers},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Antonio Zampolli and Nicoletta Calzolari and Martha Palmer},
  pages = {585--595},
  address = {Pisa and Dordrecht},
  topic = {machine-translation;statistical-nlp;}
  }

@article{ wilks:1999a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Review of {Evaluating Natural Language Processing
  	Systems: An Analysis and a Review}, by
  	{K}aren {S}parck {J}ones and {J}ulia {R}. {G}alliers},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  pages = {165--170},
  xref = {Review of jones_ks-galliers:1995a.},
  topic = {nlp-evaluation;}
  }

@book{ wilks:1999b,
  editor = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {Machine Conversations},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Boston},
  ISBN = {0792385446 (alk. paper)},
  rtnote = {UMich Media Union Library, No call number available.},
  topic = {computational-dialogue;}
 }

@incollection{ wilks-fass:1992a,
  author = {Yorick Wilks},
  title = {The Preference Semantics Family},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {205--221},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;nl-semantic-representation-formalisms;
  	kr-course;}
  }

@article{ will:1947a,
  author = {Frederick L. Will},
  title = {The Contrary-to-Fact Conditional},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1947},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {236--249},
  missinginfo = {number},
  contentnote = {This is a comment on chisholm:1946a1.  Will does
  	not seem to dist subj and ctf condits. The paper itself is
	inconclusive; the main point is that analyzing these
	condits is problematic.},
  xref = {Review: baylis:1947b.},
  topic = {conditionals;}
  }

@article{ will-pennington:1971a,
  author = {P.M. Will and K.S.  Pennington},
  title = {Grid Coding: A Preprocessing Technique for Robot and
  	Machine Vision},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3--4},
  pages = {319--329},
  topic = {computer-vision;}
  }

@article{ willard:2002a,
  author = {Dan E. Willard},
  title = {How to Extend the Semantic Tableaux and Cut-Free Versions
  	of the Second Incompleteness Theorem almost to {R}obinson's
	Arithmetic {Q}},
  journal = {Journal of Symbolic Logic},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  pages = {465--496},
  topic = {(in)completeness;formalizations-of-arithmetic;}
  }

@techreport{ wille:1987a,
  author = {Rudolf Wille},
  title = {Lattices in Data Analysis: How to Draw Them With a
  	Computer},
  institution = {Fachbereich Mathematik,
  	Technische Hochschule Darmstadt},
  number = {Preprint Nr. 1067},
  year = {1987},
  address = {D-6100 Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {graphics-generation;graph-theory;}
  }

@incollection{ wille:1992a,
  author = {Rudolf Wille},
  title = {Concept Lattices and Conceptual Knowledge Systems},
  booktitle = {Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  year = {1992},
  editor = {Fritz Lehmann},
  pages = {493--515},
  address = {Oxford},
  rtnote = {Could be a crank paper.},
  topic = {kr;semantic-networks;kr-course;}
  }

@book{ wille:2007a,
  author = {Matthias Wille},
  title = {Die {M}athematik und das Synthetische {A}priori},
  publisher = {Mentis},
  year = {2007},
  address = {Paderborn},
  xref = {Review: vanatten:2009a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mathematics;}
 }

@article{ williams_a:2009a,
  author = {Alexander Williams},
  title = {Themes, Cumulativity, and Resultatives:  Comments on
  		{K}ratzer 2003},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {40},
  number = {4},
  pages = {686--700},
  topic = {thematic-roles;agency;}
  }

@article{ williams_b:1998a,
  author = {Briony Williams},
  title = {Review of \emph{{P}rogress in Speech Synthesis}, edited by
  	{J}an {P}.{H}. van {S}anten and {R}ichard {W}. {S}proat and
	{J}oseph {P}. {O}live and {J}ulia {H}irschberg},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  pages = {509--511},
  xref = {Review of: vansanten-etal:1997a.},
  topic = {speech-generation;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bao:1970a1,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Deciding to Believe},
  booktitle = {Language, Belief, and Metaphysics},
  publisher = {State University of New York Press},
  year = {1970},
  editor = {Howard E. Kiefer and Milton K.Munitz},
  address = {Albany},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  xref = {Republication: williams_bao:1970a2.},
  topic = {belief;volition;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bao:1970a2,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Deciding to Believe},
  booktitle = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  pages = {136--151},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  xref = {Original publication: williams_bao:1970a1.},
  topic = {belief;volition;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bao:1973a,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Imperative Inference},
  booktitle = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  pages = {152--158},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  rtnote = {Orig in Analysis Supp vol 1963},
  topic = {imperative-logic;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bao:1973b,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Additional Note},
  booktitle = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  pages = {159--165},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  note = {To ``Imperative Inference.''},
  topic = {imperative-logic;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bao:1973c,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Consequentialism and Integrity},
  booktitle = {Utilitarianism: For and Against},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  year = {1973},
  editor = {J.J.C. Smart and Bernard Williams},
  topic = {utilitarianism;}
    }

@book{ williams_bao:1973d,
  author = {Bernard A.O. Williams},
  title = {Problems of the Self},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1973},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  ISBN = {0 521 20226 6},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;personal-identity;}
 }

@incollection{ williams_bao:1978a,
  author = {B.A.O. Williams},
  title = {Ethical Consistency},
  booktitle = {Practical Reasoning},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1978},
  editor = {Joseph Raz},
  pages = {91--109},
  address = {Oxford},
  rtnote = {Originally in Proc Arist Soc 39 (1965)},
  topic = {moral-conflict;}
  }

@book{ williams_bao-montefiore:1996a,
  editor = {Bernard O. Williams and Alan Montefiore},
  title = {British Analytical Philosophy},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1966},
  address = {London},
  rtnote = {UMich: Hatcher Graduate B 808.5 .W72},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  History of philosophy shelves.
  	20th century.},
  topic = {analytic-philosophy;}
 }

@article{ williams_bc:1984a1,
  author = {Brian C.  Williams},
  title = {Qualitative Analysis of {MOS} Circuits},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {24},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {281--346},
  xref = {Revision: williams_bc:1984a2.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bc:1984a2,
  author = {Brian C. Williams},
  title = {Temporal Qualitative Analysis:  Explaining
     		How Physical Systems Work},
  booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer},
  pages = {133--177},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Revision of: williams_bc:1984a1.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}
  }

@inproceedings{ williams_bc:1986a1,
  author = {Brian C. Williams},
  title = {Doing Time: Putting Qualitative Reasoning
    		on Firmer Ground},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Tom Kehler and Stan Rosenschein},
  pages = {105--112},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Los Altos, California},
  xref = {Republication: williams_bc:1986a2.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;
  	temporal-reasoning;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bc:1986a2,
  author = {Brian C. Williams},
  title = {Doing Time: Putting Qualitative Reasoning
    		on Firmer Ground},
  booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer},
  pages = {353--360},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Republication of: williams_bc:1986a1.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;
  	temporal-reasoning;reasoning-about-continuous-quantities;}
  }

@inproceedings{ williams_bc:1988a1,
  author = {Brian C. Williams},
  title = {{MINIMA}: A Symbolic Approach to Qualitative
    		Algebraic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {264--269},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA},
  xref = {Republication: williams_bc:1988a2.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bc:1988a2,
  author = {Brian C. Williams},
  title = {{MINIMA}: A Symbolic Approach to Qualitative
    		Algebraic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1990},
  editor = {Daniel S. Weld and Johan de Kleer},
  pages = {312--317},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  xref = {Republication of: williams_bc:1988a1.},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;qualitative-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ williams_bc:1991a,
  author = {Brian C. Williams},
  title = {A Theory of Interactions: Unifying Qualitative and
  	Quantitative Algebraic Reasoning},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {39--94},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      The apparently weak properties of a purely qualitative algebra
     have led some to conclude that researchers must turn instead to
     extra-mathematical properties of physical systems.  We propose
     instead that a more powerful qualitative algebra is needed, one
     that merges the algebras on signs and reals, along with symbolic
     techniques for manipulating this algebra.  We have constructed a
     hybrid algebra, called SR1 which allows intermediate
     abstractions to be selected between traditional qualitative and
     quantitative algebras.
      SR1 and the symbolic algebra system Minima demonstrate
     substantial progress towards a theory of continuous interactions
     between quantities - one that allows just the interesting
     features of interactions to be represented, and that captures
     skills for composing and comparing interactions.  This theory is
     sufficiently expressive to determine the behaviors that a
     variety of fluid regulation devices will achieve - not just what
     is impossible.  It embodies in a simple manner many existing
     algebraic formalisms for describing and individually
     manipulating interactions, including confluences, inequalities,
     and monotonicity operators, as well as many of the individual
     inferences of qualitative arithmetic, composition of
     monotonicity, inequality algebra, transition analysis,
     qualitative resolution and traditional algebra. },
  topic = {automated-algebra;reasoning-about-physical-systems;
  	combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ williams_bc-dekleer:1991a,
  author = {Brian C. Williams and Johan de Kleer},
  title = {Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems: A Return to
  	Roots},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {51},
  number = {1--3},
  pages = {1--9},
  topic = {qualitative-physics;}
  }

@article{ williams_bc-etal:2003a,
  author = {Brian C. Williams and Michael D. Ingham and Seung Chung
  	and Paul Elliott and Michael Hofbaur and Gregory T. Sullivan},
  title = {Model-Based Programming of Fault-Aware Systems},
  journal = {The {AI} Magazine},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {24},
  number = {4},
  Pageso = {61--75},
  topic = {qualitative-reasoning;fault-aware-systems;}
  }

@inproceedings{ williams_bc-nayak_pp:1999a,
  author = {Brian C. Williams and P. Pandurang Nayak},
  title = {A Model-Based Approach to Reactive Self-Configuring
  		Systems},
  booktitle = {Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence,
	       Washington, DC, June 14--16, 1999},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {Jack Minker},
  publisher = {Computer Science Department, University of Maryland},
  address = {College Park, Maryland},
  topic = {theorem-proving;diagnosis;}
  }

@article{ williams_bo:1976a,
  author = {Bernard O. Williams},
  title = {Where {C}homsky Stands},
  journal = {The New York Review of Books},
  year = {1975},
  pages = {43--45},
  month = {November 11},
  note = {Review of \emph{Reflections on Language}, by {N}oam
  	{C}homsky and {\em On Noam Chomsky}, edited by {G}ilbert
	{H}arman},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {Chomsky;philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-linguistics;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_bo:1985a,
  author = {Bernard Williams},
  title = {Which Slopes Are Slippery?},
  booktitle = {Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Mochael Lockwood},
  address = {Oxford},
  missinginfo = {pages},
  topic = {vagueness;}
  }

@article{ williams_cjf:1971a,
  author = {C.J.F. Williams},
  title = {Stroup on {A}ustin on `Ifs'\,},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1971},
  volume = {80},
  number = {317},
  pages = {93--95},
  xref = {Commentary on stroup:1968a.  Reply: stroup:1974a.},
  topic = {conditionals;JL-Austin;}
  }

@article{ williams_cjf:1980a,
  author = {Christopehr J.F. Williams},
  title = {What Is, Necessarily Is, When It Is},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {127--131},
  missinginfo = {number},
  acontentnote = {Towards the end of the sea-battle discussion,
     Aristotle distinguishes (a) ``One or other of them is necessarily the
     case'' from (b) ``Necessarily, one or other is the case.'' He says he
     has given ``the same account'' of ``What is, necessarily is, when it
     is.''  But to do this is to distinguish (c) ``What is the case, when it
     is the case, is necessarily the case'' from (d) ``necessarily, what is
     the case, when it is the case, is the case.''  Since he would accept
     both (c) and (d), the purpose of the distinction is obscure.
     tentative explanations are suggested.},
  topic = {future-contingent-propositions;}
  }

@article{ williams_cp-hogg:1994a,
  author = {Colin P. Williams and Tad Hogg},
  title = {Exploiting the Deep Structure of Constraint Problems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {73--117},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     We introduce a technique for analyzing the behavior of
     sophisticated AI search programs working on realistic,
     large-scale problems.  This approach allows us to predict where,
     in a space of problem instances, the hardest problems are to be
     found and where the fluctuations in difficulty are greatest.  Our
     key insight is to shift emphasis from modelling sophisticated
     algorithms directly to modelling a search space that captures
     their principal effects.  We compare our model's predictions with
     actual data on real problems obtained independently and show
     that the agreement is quite good.  By systematically relaxing our
     underlying modelling assumptions we identify their relative
     contribution to the remaining error and then remedy it.  We also
     discuss further applications of our model and suggest how this
     type of analysis can be generalized to other kinds of AI
     problems.  },
  topic = {constraint-satisfaction;AI-algorithms-analysis;search;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_dc:1951b,
  author = {Donald C. Williams},
  title = {The Sea-Fight Tomorrow},
  booktitle = {Structure, Method, and Meaning: Essays in Honor of
		{H}enry M. {S}heffer},
  publisher = {Liberal Arts Press},
  year = {1951},
  editor = {Paul Henle and Horace M. Kallen and Susanne K. Langer},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Frege;intensional-logic;}
  }

@article{ williams_e:1977a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Discourse and Logical Form},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {101--139},
  topic = {discourse;anaphora;LF;}
  }

@article{ williams_e:1980a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Predication},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {203--238},
  topic = {predication;}
  }

@article{ williams_e:1981a,
   author = {Edwin Williams},
   title = {Argument Structure and Morphology},
   journal = {The Linguistic Review},
   year = {1981},
   volume = {1},
   pages = {81--114},
   missinginfo = {number},
   topic = {argument-structure;}
  }

@article{ williams_e:1983a,
   author = {Edwin Williams},
   title = {Syntactic and Semantic Categories},
   journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
   year = {1983},
   volume = {6},
   number = {3},
   pages = {423--446},
   contentnote = {Wants to show that semantic and syntactic categories
	  cut across each other.  First, shows that there are
	  predicative NPs, i.e., NPs that are semantically
	  like verbs and adjectives.  His examples involve
	  mostly indefinite descriptions and pseudo-clefts.},
  topic = {nl-semantic-types;syntactic-categories;}
  }

@article{ williams_e:1986a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {A Reassignment of the Functions of {LF}},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {17},
  missinginfo = {pages, number},
  topic = {LF;}
  }

@article{ williams_e:1987a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Implicit Arguments, Binding, and Control},
  journal = {Natural Language and Linguistic Theory},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {151--180},
  topic = {binding-theory;syntactic-control;}
  }

@article{ williams_e:1987b,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {{NP} Trace in Theta Theory},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {433--447},
  topic = {nl-syntax;government-binding-theory;}
  }

@book{ williams_e:1993a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {Thematic Structure in Syntax},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {thematic-roles;GB-syntax;}
 }

@article{ williams_e:1997a,
  author = {Edwin Williams},
  title = {The Asymmetry of Predication},
  journal = {Texas Linguistic Forum},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {323--333},
  topic = {predication;}
  }

@article{ williams_jn:1996a,
  author = {John N. Williams},
  title = {Moorean Absurdities and the Nature of Assertion},
  journal = {Australasian Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {135--149},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {Moore's-paradox;}
  }

@article{ williams_jrg:2008a,
  author = {J. Robert G. Williams},
  title = {The Price of Inscrutability},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {42},
  number = {4},
  pages = {600--641},
  topic = {indeterminacy-of-translation;foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@article{ williams_jrg:2008b,
  author = {J. Robert G. Williams},
  title = {Conversation and Conditionals},
  journal = {Philosophical Studies},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {138},
  number = {2},
  pages = {211--223},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  rtnote = {Mentions reverse Sobel},
  topic = {conditionals;pragmatics;}
  }

@article{ williams_m2:1984a,
  author = {Meredith Williams},
  title = {Language Learning and the Representational Theory
  	of Mind},
  journal = {Synth\'ese},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {58},
  number = {2},
  pages = {129--151},
  topic = {mental-representations;philosophy-of-mind;}
  }

@article{ williams_m3:1999a,
  author = {Michael Williams},
  title = {Meaning and Deflationary Truth},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {96},
  number = {11},
  pages = {545--564},
  topic = {truth;foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@article{ williams_m4-williamson_j:2006a,
  author = {Matt Williams and Jon Williamson},
  title = {Combining Argumentation and {B}ayesian Nets for Breast
  		Cancer Prognosis},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {155--178},
  topic = {probability-semantics;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_ma:1994a,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {On the Logic of Theory Base Change},
  booktitle = {Logics in Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Craig Mac{N}ish and Lu\'is Moniz Pereira and David Pearce},
  pages = {86--105},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {belief-revision;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_ma:1994b,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {Transmutations of Knowledge Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR}'94: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Jon Doyle and Erik Sandewall and Pietro Torasso},
  pages = {619--629},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;conditionals;belief-revision;kr-course;}
  }

@inproceedings{ williams_ma:1995a,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams},
  title = {Iterated Theory Base Change: A Computational Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Chris Mellish},
  pages = {1541--1547},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Francisco},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {belief-revision;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_ma:1996a,
  author = {{Mary-{A}nne} Williams},
  title = {Towards a Practical Approach to Belief Revision:
  	Reason-based Change},
  booktitle = {{KR}'96: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {Luigia Carlucci Aiello and Jon Doyle and Stuart Shapiro},
  pages = {412--420},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;belief-revision;}
  }

@incollection{ williams_ma-antoniou:1998a,
  author = {Mary-Anne Williams and Grigoris Antoniou},
  title = {A Strategy for Revising Default Theory Extensions},
  booktitle = {{KR}'98: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Anthony G. Cohn and Lenhart Schubert and Stuart C.
		Shapiro},
  pages = {24--33},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;default-logic;belief-revision;kr-course;}
  }

@book{ williams_s:2002a,
  author = {Sam Williams},
  title = {Arguing {A.I.}: The Battle for Twenty-First Century Science},
  publisher = {Random House, Inc.},
  year = {2002},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0-8129-9180-X},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Misc Shelf.  m&mcourse;},
  topic = {popular-AI;cs-journalism;AI-philosophy;history-AI;}
 }

@unpublished{ williamson_j:2002a,
  author = {Jon Williamson},
  title = {Epistemic Causality},
  year = {2002},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, Department of Philosophy, King's
  	College London},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {causality;Bayesian-networks;}
  }

@article{ williamson_j:2003a,
  author = {Jon Williamson},
  title = {Bayesianism and Language Change},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--97},
  topic = {probability-kinematics;}
  }

@article{ williamson_j:2006a,
  author = {Jon Williamson},
  title = {Introduction},
  journal = {Journal of Logic, Language, and Information},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {1--3},
  note = {Introduction to a special volume on probability and logic.},
  topic = {probability-semantics;Bayesian-statistics;}
  }

@incollection{ williamson_js:1987a,
  author = {Janis S. Williamson},
  title = {An Indefiniteness Restriction for Relative
		Clauses in {L}akhota},
  booktitle = {The Representation of (In)definites},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1987},
  editor = {Eric Reuland and Alice {ter Meulen}},
  pages = {168--190},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {(in)definiteness;relative-clauses;Siouxan-language;}
  }

@inproceedings{ williamson_m:1994a,
  author = {Mike Williamson},
  title = {Optimal Planning With a Goal-Directed Utility Model},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
  	{AI} Planning Systems},
  year = {1994},
  editor = {Kristian J. Hammond},
  pages = {176--181},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {planning;decision-theoretic-planning;}
  }

@inproceedings{ williamson_m-hanks_s:1993a,
  author = {Mike Williamson and Steve Hanks},
  title = {Exploiting Domain Structure to Achieve Efficient Temporal
  	Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1993},
  editor = {Ruzena Bajcsy},
  pages = {153--157},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {temporal-reasoning;}
  }

@book{ williamson_oe:1975a,
  author = {Oliver E.  Williamson},
  title = {Markets and Hierarchies, Analysis and Antitrust
  	Implications: A Study in the Economics of Internal
	Organization},
  publisher = {Free Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0029353602},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, HD31 .W735.},
  topic = {industrial-organization;corporate-management;}
 }

@article{ williamson_t:1987a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {On the Paradox of Knowability},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {96},
  pages = {256--261},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st name, number},
  topic = {knowability-paradox;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1988a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Assertion, Denial and Some Cancellation Rules in Modal
  	Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {299--318},
  topic = {modal-logic;assertion;}
  }

@book{ williamson_t:1990a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Identity and Discrimination},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Oxford},
  rtnote = {HILLMAN BC199 I4W56 1990},
  topic = {vagueness;identity;}
 }

@article{ williamson_t:1990b,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Review of \emph{{F}or Truth in Semantics}, by {A}nthony
  	{A}ppiah},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {129--135},
  xref = {Review of appiah:1986a.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophical-realism;truth;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1990c,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Review of \emph{{L}ogical Investigations of Predication
  	Theory and the Problem of Universals}, by {N}ino {B}.
	{C}occhiarella},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {13},
  number = {2},
  pages = {265--271},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophical-realism;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1992a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {On Intuitionistic Modal Epistemic Logic},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {63--79},
  topic = {intuitionistic-logic;modal-logic;epistemic-logic;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1992b1,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Vagueness and Ignorance},
  journal = {Proceedings of the {A}ristotelian Society},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {145--162},
  note = {Supplementary Series.},
  xref = {Republication: williamson_t:1992b2.},
  topic = {vagueness;}
  }

@incollection{ williamson_t:1992b2,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Vagueness and Ignorance},
  booktitle = {Vagueness: A Reader},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith},
  pages = {265--280},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Republication of: williamson_t:1992b1.},
  topic = {vagueness;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1994a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Non-Genuine {M}ac{I}ntosh Logics},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {23},
  number = {1},
  pages = {87--101},
  topic = {modal-logic;}
  }

@book{ williamson_t:1996a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Vagueness},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year = {1996},
  address = {London},
  rtnote = {HILLMAN BC199 V34W55 1994},
  xref = {Review: mcgee-mclaughlin_bp:1998a.},
  topic = {vagueness;}
 }

@incollection{ williamson_t:1996b,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Imagination, Stipulation, and Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Philosophival Issues, Vol. 8},
  publisher = {Ridgeview},
  year = {1996},
  editor = {E. Villanueva},
  address = {Atascadero, California},
  contentnote = {Says that the reason that we can't imagine a sharp
                  cut-off is that we can't recognize a stage (of
                  removal of grains) as the transitional stage when
                  we're actually confronted with the removal process,
                  thus we can't recognize a stage as transitional when
                  we imagine the removal process.  The idea here is
                  that recognize entails knowledge. --Delia Graff.},
  topic = {vagueness;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1996c,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {What Makes it a Heap?},
  journal = {Erkenntnis},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {327--339},
  topic = {vagueness;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1996d,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Putnam on the Sorites Paradox},
  journal = {Philosophical Papers},
  year = {1996},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  pages = {47--56},
  topic = {vagueness;}
  }

@incollection{ williamson_t:1998a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {The Broadness of the Mental: Some Logical Considerations},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 12: Language, Mind,
  	and Ontology},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {389--410},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophy-of-mind;mental-representations;}
  }

@incollection{ williamson_t:1999a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Schiffer on the Epistemic Theory of Vagueness},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, 1999},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1999},
  editor = {James E. Tomberlin},
  pages = {505--517},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {vagueness;sorites-paradox;}
  }

@article{ williamson_t:1999b,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {On the Structure of Higher-Order Vagueness},
  journal = {Mind, New Series},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {108},
  number = {429},
  pages = {127--143},
  topic = {vagueness;}
}

@book{ williamson_t:2000a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Knowledge and Its Limits},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2000},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: harman_gh:2002a},
  topic = {epistemology;knowledge;propositional-attitudes;}
 }

@book{ williamson_t:2003a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Knowledge and Its Limits},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2003},
  address = {Oxford},
  xref = {Review: priest:2003a},
  topic = {knowledge;epistemology;skepticism;}
 }

@article{ williamson_t:2004a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Reply to {M}c{G}ee and {M}c{L}aughlin},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {113--136},
  topic = {vagueness;supervaluations;}
  }

@incollection{ williamson_t:2006a,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Indicative Versus Subjunctive Conditionals},
  booktitle = {Philosophy of Language},
  publisher = {Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {2006},
  editor = {Ernest Sosa and Enrique Villanueva},
  pages = {310--333},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {conditionals;indicative-conditionals;subjunctive-mood;}
  }

@incollection{ williamson_t:2006b,
  author = {Timothy Williamson},
  title = {Absolute Identity and Absolute Generality},
  booktitle = {Absolute Generality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {2006},
  editor = {August\'in Rayo and Gabriel Uzquiano},
  pages = {369--389},
  address = {Oxford},
  topic = {philosophical-ontology;unrestrictive-quantification;}
  }

@incollection{ willie:1995a,
  author = {Ulrich Willie},
  title = {Indicative Conditionals and Autoepistemic Reasoning},
  booktitle = {Knowledge and Belief in Philosophy and Artificial
  	Intelligence},
  publisher = {Akedemie Verlag},
  year = {1995},
  editor = {Armin Laux and Heinrich Wansing},
  pages = {147--162},
  address = {Berlin},
  topic = {conditionals;autoepistemic-logic;}
  }

@article{ wills:1990a,
  author = {Linda Mary Wills},
  title = {Automated Program Recognition: A Feasibility
  	Demonstration},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1990},
  volume = {45},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {113--171},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
      The recognition of familiar computational structures in a program
      can help an experienced programmer to understand a program.
      Automating this recognition process will facilitate many tasks
      that require program understanding, e.g., maintenance,
      translation, and debugging. This paper describes a prototype
      recognition system which demonstrates the feasibility of
      automating program recognition.  The prototype system
      automatically identifies occurrences of stereotyped algorithmic
      fragments and data structures, called cliches, in
      programs. It does so even though the cliches may be
      expressed in a wide range of syntactic forms and may be in the
      midst of unfamiliar code. Based on the known behaviors of these
      cliches and the relationships between them, the system
      generates a hierarchical description of a plausible design of
      the program. It does this systematically and exhaustively,
      using a parsing technique.  This work is built on two previous
      advances: a graphical, programming-language-independent
      representation for programs, called the Plan Calculus, and an
      efficient graph parsing algorithm.},
  topic = {automatic-programming;structure-recognition;}
  }

@article{ willshaw:1994a,
  author = {David Willshaw},
  title = {Non-Symbolic Approaches to Artificial
    		Intelligence and the Mind},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A:
  	Physical Sciences and Engineering},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {349},
  number = {1689},
  pages = {7--101},
  note = {Available at http://www.jstor.org/journals/09628428.html},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Zip disk.},
  topic = {connectionist-models;foundations-of-AI;
  	computational-neuroscience;foundations-of-cognitive-science;
	sub-symbolic-representations;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_a-thomas_j:1997a,
  author = {Andrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas},
  title = {Semantic Annotation},
  booktitle = {Corpus Annotation},
  publisher = {Longman},
  year = {1997},
  editor = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Tony McEnery},
  pages = {53--65},
  address = {London},
  topic = {corpus-linguistics;corpus-annotation;lexical-semantics;
  	semantic-fields;}
  }

@book{ wilson_d:1975a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Presuppositions and Non-Truth-Conditional Semantics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}
 }

@article{ wilson_d:1975b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson},
  title = {Presupposition, Assertion, and Lexical Items},
  journal = {Linguistic Inquiry},
  year = {1975},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {95--114},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1979a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Ordered Entailments: An Alternative to Presuppositional
  	Theories},
  booktitle = {Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1979},
  editor = {ChoonKyo Oh and David A. Dineen},
  pages = {299--323},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {presupposition;pragmatics;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1981a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {On {G}rice's Theory of Conversation},
  booktitle = {Conversation and Discourse},
  publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Paul Werth},
  pages = {155--178},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {Grice;implicature;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1981b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Irony and the Use-Mention Distinction},
  booktitle = {Radical Pragmatics},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1981},
  editor = {Peter Cole},
  pages = {295--318},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {irony;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1985a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Inference and Implicature in
    		Utterance Interpretation },
  booktitle = {Reasoning and Discourse Processes},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1985},
  editor = {Terry Myers and Keith Brown and Brendan McGonigle},
  pages = {241--263},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {relevance-theory;implicature;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1986a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Inference and Implicature},
  booktitle = {Meaning and Interpretation},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell Publishers},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Charles Travis},
  pages = {377--393},
  address = {Oxford, England},
  topic = {implicature;}
  }

@unpublished{ wilson_d-sperber:1986b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {An Outline of Relevance Theory},
  year = {1986},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Said to be published in Notes in
  	Linguistics 39, 1987, 5--24.},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of London.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1986c,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {On Defining Relevance},
  booktitle = {Philosophical Grounds of Rationality},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  year = {1986},
  editor = {Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner},
  pages = {243--258},
  address = {Oxford},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1988a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Representation and Relevance},
  booktitle = {Mental Representations: The Interface Between Language and
  	Reality},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Ruth Kempson},
  pages = {133--153},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;pragmatics;}
  }

@unpublished{ wilson_d-sperber:1988b,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Mood and the Analysis of Non-Declarative Sentences},
  year = {1988},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University College London.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  Apparently to appear in J. Dancy,
  	J. Moravcsik and C. Taylor, eds., Human Agency: Language,
	Duty, and Value, Stanford University Press, 1988, pp. 77--101.},
  topic = {speech-acts;pragmatics;imperatives;interrogatives;}
  }

@article{ wilson_d-sperber:1992a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {On Verbal Irony},
  journal = {Lingua},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {87},
  number = {1/2},
  pages = {53--76},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {irony;}
  }

@book{ wilson_d-sperber:1995a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Relevance: Communication and Cognition},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  year = {1995},
  address = {Oxford},
  ISBN = {0-631-19878-4},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.  LLP authored shelves.},
  topic = {implicature;relevance-theory;}
 }

@incollection{ wilson_d-sperber:1998a,
  author = {Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber},
  title = {Pragmatics and Time},
  booktitle = {Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {Robyn Carston and Seiji Uchida},
  pages = {1--22},
  address = {Amsterdam},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {relevance-theory;temporal-reasoning;pragmatics;}
  }

@article{ wilson_g:1978a,
  author = {George Wilson},
  title = {On Definite and Indefinite Descriptions},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {77},
  number = {1},
  pages = {48--76},
  topic = {definite-descriptions;definiteness;indefiniteness;}
  }

@article{ wilson_g:1991a,
  author = {George Wilson},
  title = {Reference and Pronominal Descriptions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {88},
  number = {7},
  pages = {359--387},
  topic = {reference;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_g:2009a,
  author = {George Wilson},
  title = {Action},
  booktitle = {The {S}tanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy},
  editor = {Edward N. Zalta},
  url  = {http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2009/entries/action/},
  year = {2009},
  edition = {Fall 2009},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;}
}

@book{ wilson_gm:1989a,
  author = {George M. Wilson},
  title = {The Intentionality of Human Action},
  publisher = {Stanford University Press},
  year = {1989},
  address = {Stanford, California},
  rtnote = {Hillman B105 A35W55 1989},
  topic = {philosophy-of-action;intention;action;}
 }

@article{ wilson_j:2002a,
  author = {Jessica Wilson},
  title = {Review of \emph{{K}nowledge, Possibility, and Consciousness},
  	by {J}ohn {P}erry},
  journal = {The Philosophical Review},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {111},
  number = {4},
  pages = {598--601},
  xref = {Review of: wilson_j:2002a},
  topic = {consciousness;philosophy-of-mind;mind-body-problem;}
  }

@article{ wilson_k:1993a,
  author = {Kent Wilson},
  title = {Comment on {P}eter of {S}pain, {J}im {M}ac{K}enzie, and
		Begging the Question},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {22},
  number = {3},
  pages = {323--331},
  xref = {Comment on mackenzie:1984a},
  topic = {dialogue-logic;argumentation;}
  }

@article{ wilson_m:1991a,
  author = {Mark Wilson},
  title = {Reference and Pronominal Descriptions},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {86},
  pages = {359--387},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;definite-descriptions;demonstratives;}
  }

@article{ wilson_m:1994a,
  author = {Mark Wilson},
  title = {Can We Trust Logical Form},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {91},
  number = {10},
  pages = {519--544},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;foundations-of-semantics;}
  }

@article{ wilson_mh-latombe:1994a,
  author = {Randall H. Wilson and Jean-Claude Latombe},
  title = {Geometric Reasoning about Mechanical Assembly},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {71},
  number = {2},
  pages = {371--396},
  topic = {assembly;spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ wilson_nl:1965a,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Modality and Identity: A Defense},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {18},
  pages = {471--477},
  topic = {identity;quantifying-in-modality;}
  }

@article{ wilson_nl:1965b,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Comments},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1965},
  volume = {62},
  number = {20},
  pages = {605--606},
  xref = {Commentary on: katz_jj:1965a.},
  topic = {philosophy-and-linguistics;}
  }

@article{ wilson_nl:1967a,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Linguistical Butter and Philosophical Parsnips},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {1967},
  volume = {64},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55--67},
  xref = {Review of katz_jj:1966a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-language;philosophy-and-linguistics;}
  }

@article{ wilson_nl:1970a,
  author = {Neil L. Wilson},
  title = {Grice on Meaning: The Ultimate Counterexample},
  journal = {No\^us},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {295--302},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  rtnote = {pragmatics-course;},
  topic = {speaker-meaning;pragmatics;}
  }

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1970b,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {Note on the Form of Certain Elementary Facts},
  year = {1970},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {adverbs;events;facts;philoso[phical-ontology;}
  }

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1970c,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {Qualities and Quality Reference},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {metaphysics;color-terms;}
  }

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1971a,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {The Two Main Problems of Philosophy and Some Tips
		on Their Solution},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  contentnote = {The 2 problems are the mind-body problem and why
	there should be something rather than nothing.},
  topic = {metaphysics;philosophy-of-mind;}
  }

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1971b,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {On Semantically Relevant Whatsits: A Semantics
	for Philosophy of Science},
  year = {1971},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  missinginfo = {Date is a guess.},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;philosophy-of-science;}
  }

@article{ wilson_nl:1972a,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {What Exactly {\it Is} {E}nglish?},
  journal = {Journal of Philosophical Logic},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {170--183},
  topic = {foundations-of-linguistics;}
  }

@unpublished{ wilson_nl:1976a,
  author = {N.L. Wilson},
  title = {The Ontology of General Semantics (Or, On the Nature
		of Languages, Another Whack)},
  year = {1976},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {foundations-of-language;}
  }

@article{ wilson_r:1998a,
  author = {Rob Wilson},
  title = {Review of \emph{{S}ymbols, Computation, and Intentionality: A
  	Critique of the Computational Theory of Mind}, by {S}teven {W}.
	{H}orst},
  journal = {Philosophical Review},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {107},
  number = {1},
  xref = {Review of horst:1996a.},
  pages = {120--125},
  topic = {foundations-of-semantics;intentionality;
  	foundations-of-cognition;philosophy-of-psychology;}
  }

@incollection{ wilson_r:2003a,
  author = {Roy Wilson},
  title = {A Method for Comparing Fluency Measures and
    		Its Application to {ITS} Natural Language
		Generation},
  booktitle = {Working Papers of the 2003 {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
  	Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written
	Dialogue},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  year = {2003},
  editor = {Reva Freedman and Charles Callaway},
  pages = {166--173},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  topic = {nl-generation;computational-dialogue;intelligent-tutoring;}
  }

@article{ wilson_ra:2001a,
  author = {Robert A. Wilson},
  title = {The Cognitive Sciences:  A Comment on Six Reviews
        of {\it The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive
  	Sciences}},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223--229},
  xref = {Response to: carr_c:2001a, carr_c:2001a, dorr_bj:2001a,
  	husbands:2001a, lakoff_g:2001a, peterson_dm:2001a.},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}
  }

@book{ wilson_ra-keil:1999a,
  editor = {Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil},
  title = {The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences},
  publisher = {the {MIT} Press},
  year = {1999},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  xref = {Review: nerbonne:2000a},
  topic = {cognitive-science-general;cognitive-science-survey;}
 }

@article{ wilson_rh:1998a,
  author = {Randall H. Wilson},
  title = {Geometric Reasoning about Assembly Tools},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {98},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {237--279},
  topic = {assembly;spatial-reasoning;geometrical-reasoning;}
  }

@incollection{ winikoff-etal:2002a,
  author = {Michael Winikoff and Lin Padgham and James Harland and
  	John Thangarajah},
  title = {Declarative and Procedural Goals in Intelligent Agent
  	Systems},
  booktitle = {{KR2002}: Principles of Knowledge Representation and
  	Reasoning},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year = {2002},
  editor = {Dieter Fensel and Fausto Giunchiglia and Deborah
  	L. McGuinness and Mary-Anne Williams},
  pages = {470--481},
  address = {San Francisco, California},
  topic = {kr;foundations-of-planning;}
  }

@incollection{ winiwarter-kambayashi:1998a,
  author = {Werner Winiwarter and Yahiko Kambayashi},
  title = {A Comparative Study of the Application of Different
  	Learning Techniques to Natural Language Interfaces},
  booktitle = {{CoNLL97}: Computational Natural Language Learning},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1998},
  editor = {T. Mark Ellison},
  pages = {125--135},
  address = {Somerset, New Jersey},
  topic = {machine-language-learning;nl-interpretation;nl-interfaces;}
  }

@book{ winner:1988a,
  author = {Ellen Winner},
  title = {The Points of Words: Children's Understanding of Metaphor
  	and Irony},
  publisher = {Harvard University Press},
  year = {1988},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  ISBN = {0674681258},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library P118.3 .W561 1988},
  topic = {irony;}
 }

@article{ winner-leekam:1991a,
  author = {Ellen Winner and S. Leekam},
  title = {Distinguishing Irony from Deceptional Understanding of
  	the Speaker's Second-Order Intention},
  journal = {The {B}ritish Journal of Developmental Psychology},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {257--270},
  missinginfo = {A's 1st names},
  topic = {irony;}
  }

@article{ winnie:2000a,
  author = {John Winnie},
  title = {Information and Structure in Molecular Biology:
  	Comments on {M}aynard {S}mith},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {67},
  number = {3},
  pages = {517--526},
  topic = {philosophy-of-biology;generics;theories-of-information;}
  }

@book{ winograd:1972a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Understanding Natural Language},
  publisher = {Academic Press},
  year = {1972},
  address = {New York},
  topic = {nl-processing;}
 }

@article{ winograd:1979a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Extended Inference Modes in Reasoning by Computer
  	Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {5--26},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     This paper reviews the history of process-dependent reasoning in
     AI systems, and argues that it represents an essentially
     different approach to non-monotonic reasoning from other
     formalizations.  Much of the paper is a basic level tutorial,
     explaining the issues and providing a framework for
     understanding the essential features of non-monotonic reasoning.  },
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ winograd:1980a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Extended Inference Modes in Reasoning by Computer Systems},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {5--26},
  missinginfo = {number},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey;}
  }

@book{ winograd:1983a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Language as a Cognitive Process},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
  year = {1983},
  address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
  topic = {nlp-intro;nlp-survey;}
 }

@article{ winograd:1985a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Moving the Semantic Fulcrum},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--104},
  topic = {situation-semantics;}
  }

@article{ winograd:2006a,
  author = {Terry Winograd},
  title = {Shifting Viewpoints:  Artificial Intelligence and
  	Human-Computer Interaction},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {170},
  number = {18},
  pages = {1256--1258},
  topic = {AI-editorial;HCI;}
  }

@article{ winsberg:2003a,
  author = {Eric Winsberg},
  title = {Simulated Experiments:  Methodology for a Virtual World},
  journal = {Philosophy of Science},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {70},
  number = {1},
  pages = {105--125},
  topic = {simulation;scientific-methodology;}
  }

@article{ winsberg-etal:2000a,
  author = {Eric Winsberg and Mathias Frisch and Karen Merikangas
  	Duncan and Arthur Fine},
  title = {Review of \emph{{T}he Dappled World:  A Study
  	in the Boundaries of Science}, by {N}ancy {C}artwright},
  journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {97},
  number = {2},
  pages = {403--408},
  xref = {Review of cartwright_n:1999a.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-science;natural-laws;}
  }

@book{ winskel:1993a,
  author = {Glynn Winskel},
  title = {The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages},
  publisher = {The {MIT} Press},
  year = {1993},
  address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  topic = {semantics-of-programming-languages;}
 }

@inproceedings{ winslett:1988a,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Reasoning about Action Using a Possible Models Approach},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
              Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1988},
  editor = {Reid Smith and Tom Mitchell},
  pages = {429--450},
  organization = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {AAAI Press},
  address = {Menlo Park, California},
  missinginfo = {specific topics},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.},
  topic = {action;frame-problem;ramification-problem;qualification-problem;}
  }

@inproceedings{ winslett:1989a,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Sometimes Updates Are Circumscriptions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
  	Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1989},
  editor = {N.S. Sridharan},
  pages = {89--93},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {San Mateo, California},
  topic = {belief-revision;circumscription;database-update;}
  }

@unpublished{ winslett:1990a,
  author = {Miarianne Winslett},
  title = {Setwise Circumscription},
  year = {1990},
  note = {Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois.},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  This could have been published.  Year
  	is a guess.},
  topic = {circumscription;}
  }

@book{ winslett:1990b,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Updating Logical Databases},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1990},
  address = {Cambridge, England},
  rtnote = {In RHT collection.  AI Shelves.},
  ISBN = {0 521 37371 9 (hbk), 0 521 61972 6 (pbk),},
  topic = {databases;database-update;belief-revision;}
 }

@article{ winslett:1991a,
  author = {Marianne Winslett},
  title = {Circumscriptive Semantics for Updating Knowledge Bases},
  journal = {Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1991},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {429--450},
  missinginfo = {number},
  topic = {circumscription;belief-revision;database-update;}
  }

@book{ winston_me:1982a,
  author = {Morton E. Winston},
  title = {Explanation in Linguistics: A Critique of Generative
  	Grammar},
  publisher = {Indiana University Linguistics Club},
  year = {1982},
  address = {310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington, Indiana},
  rtnote = {In RHT Collection.  LLP authored shelves.},
  topic = {philosophy-of-linguistics;}
 }

@book{ winston_ph:1975a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {The Psychology of Computer Vision},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
  year = {1975},
  address = {New York},
  ISBN = {0070710481},
  rtnote = {UMich Graduate Library, Q327 .W78.},
  xref = {Review: rosenfeld:1976a.},
  topic = {computer-vision;}
}

@article{ winston_ph:1978a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Learning by Creating and Justifying Transfer Frames},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {147--172},
  topic = {machine-learning;frames;}
  }

@article{ winston_ph:1979a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Learning and Reasoning by Analogy},
  journal = {Journal of the {A}ssociation for {C}omputing {M}achinery},
  year = {1979},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {689--703},
  topic = {analogy;analogical-reasoning;}
  }

@article{ winston_ph:1982a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Learning New Principles from Precedents and Exercises},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {321--350},
  acontentnote = {Abstract:
     Much learning is done by way of studying precedents and
     exercises.  A teacher supplies a story, gives a problem, and
     expects a student both to solve a problem and to discover a
     principle.  The student must find the correspondence between the
     story and the problem, apply the knowledge in the story to solve
     the problem, generalize to form a principle, and index the
     principle so that it can be retrieved when appropriate.  This
     sort of learning pervades Management, Political Science,
     Economics, Law, and Medicine, as well as the development of
     common-sense knowledge about life in general.
      This paper presents a theory of how it is possible to learn by
     precedents and exercises and describes an implemented system
     that exploits the theory.  The theory holds that causal
     relations identify the regularities that can be exploited from
     past experience, given a satisfactory representation for
     situations.  The representation used stresses actors and objects
     which are taken from English-like input and arranged into a kind
     of semantic network.  Principles emerge in the form of
     production rules which are expressed in the same way situations
     are.  },
  topic = {case-based-reasoning;machine-learning;causal-reasoning;}
  }

@book{ winston_ph:1984a,
  author = {Patrick H. Winston},
  title = {Artificial Intelligence},
  publisher = {Addison-Wesley Publishing Company},
  year = {198

repository: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

repo_name: sergiud/bibtex-spirit