text:
= {The RHIC beam lifetime in polarized proton operation is dominated by the beam-beam effect, parameter modulations, and nonlinear magnet errors in the interaction region magnets. Sextupole and skew sextupole errors have been corrected deterministically for a number of years based on tune shift measurements with orbit bumps in the triplets. During the most recent polarized proton run 10- and 12pole correctors were set through an iterative procedure, and used for the first time operationally in one of the beams. We report on the procedure to set these high-order multipole correctors and estimate their effect on the integrated luminosity.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fischer et al - 2010 - RHIC Proton beam lifetime increase with 10- and 12-pole correctors.pdf}
}

@techreport{FischerW.MeasurementResonanceDriving2001,
  title = {Measurement of Resonance {{Driving Terms}} in {{RHIC}}},
  author = {{Fischer W.} and Pilat, F. and Schmidt, F.},
  year = {2001},
  month = jun,
  number = {BNL--99212-2013-IR, 1061653},
  doi = {10.2172/1061653},
  url = {http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1061653/},
  urldate = {2019-02-18},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fischer W. et al - 2001 - Measurement of resonance Driving Terms in RHIC.pdf}
}

@article{FolDetectionFaultyBeam2020,
  title = {Detection of Faulty Beam Position Monitors Using Unsupervised Learning},
  author = {Fol, E. and Tom{\'a}s, R. and {Coello de Portugal}, J. and Franchetti, G.},
  year = {2020},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams},
  volume = {23},
  number = {10},
  pages = {102805},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.102805},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.102805},
  urldate = {2020-12-02},
  abstract = {Optics measurements at the LHC are mainly based on turn-by-turn signal from hundreds of beam position monitors (BPMs). Faulty BPMs produce erroneous signal causing unreliable computation of optics functions. Therefore, detection of faulty BPMs prior to optics computation is crucial for adequate optics analysis. Most of the faults can be removed by applying traditional cleaning techniques. However, optics functions reconstructed from the cleaned turn-by-turn data systematically exhibit a few nonphysical values which indicate the presence of remaining faulty BPMs. A novel method based on the Isolation Forest algorithm has been developed and applied in LHC operation, allowing to significantly reduce the number of undetected faulty BPMs, thus improving the optics measurements. This report summarizes the operational results and discusses the evaluation of the developed method on simulations, including extensive studies and optimization of the preexisting cleaning technique and verification of a new method in terms of coupling measurement. The advantages of the chosen algorithm compared to some other unsupervised learning techniques are also discussed.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fol et al - 2020 - Detection of faulty beam position monitors using unsupervised learning.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\GQY8DQ8K\\PhysRevAccelBeams.23.html}
}

@phdthesis{FolEvaluationMachineLearning2017,
  title = {Evaluation of {{Machine Learning Methods}} for {{LHC Optics Measurements}} and {{Corrections Software}}},
  author = {Fol, Elena and Tomas Garcia, Rogelio and Henning, Peter},
  year = {2017},
  month = oct,
  address = {{CERN}},
  abstract = {The field of artificial intelligence is driven by the goal to provide machines with human-like intelligence. However modern science is currently facing problems with high complexity that cannot be solved by humans in the same timescale as by machines. Therefore there is a demand on automation of complex tasks. To identify the category of tasks which can be performed by machines in the domain of optics measurements and correction on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the central research subjects of this thesis. The application of machine learning methods and concepts of artificial intelligence can be found in various industry and scientific branches. In High Energy Physics these concepts are mostly used in offline analysis of experiments data and to perform regression tasks. In Accelerator Physics the machine learning approach has not found a wide application yet. Therefore potential tasks for machine learning solutions can be specified in this domain. The appropriate methods and their suitability for given requirements are to be investigated. The general question of this thesis is to identify the opportunities to apply machine learning methods to find and correct the errors in LHC optics and also to speed up beam measurements},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerators and Storage Rings,Computing and Computers},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fol et al - 2017 - Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for LHC Optics Measurements and.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{FolExperimentalDemonstrationMachine2022,
  title = {Experimental {{Demonstration}} of {{Machine Learning Application}} in {{LHC Optics Commissioning}}},
  booktitle = {Proc. 13th {{Int}}. {{Part}}. {{Accel}}. {{Conf}}. {{IPAC22}}},
  author = {Fol, Elena and Cardona, Javier and Carlier, Felix and Dilly, Joschua and Hofer, Michael and Keintzel, Jacqueline and Le Garrec, Mael and Maclean, Ewen and Persson, Tobias and Soubelet, Felix and Tom{\'a}s Garc{\'i}a, Rogelio and Wegscheider, Andreas},
  year = {2022},
  volume = {IPAC2022},
  pages = {4 pages, 0.256 MB},
  publisher = {{JACoW}},
  address = {{Bangkok, Thailand}},
  doi = {10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2022-MOPOPT047},
  abstract = {Recently, we conducted successful studies on the suitability of machine learning (ML) methods for optics measurements and corrections, incorporating novel ML-based methods for local optics corrections and reconstruction of optics functions. After performing extensive verification on simulations and past measurement data, the newly developed techniques became operational in the LHC commissioning 2022. We present the experimental results obtained with the ML-based methods and discuss future improvements. Besides, we also report on improving the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) diagnostics with the help of the anomaly detection technique capable to identify malfunctioning BPMs along with their possible fault causes.},
  collaborator = {Frank (Ed.), Zimmermann and Hitoshi (Ed.), Tanaka and Porntip (Ed.), Sudmuang and Prapong (Ed.), Klysubun and Prapaiwan (Ed.), Sunwong and Thakonwat (Ed.), Chanwattana and Christine (Ed.), Petit-Jean-Genaz and R.W. (Ed.), Volker, Schaa},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International},
  isbn = {978-3-95450-227-1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerator Physics,MC6: Beam Instrumentation; Controls; Feedback and Operational Aspects},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fol et al - 2022 - Experimental Demonstration of Machine Learning Application in LHC Optics.pdf}
}

@techreport{FolLHCMD19882017,
  type = {Accelerators \& {{Technology Sector Note}}},
  title = {{{LHC MD}} 1988: {{Automatic}} Coupling Correction Test},
  shorttitle = {{{LHC MD}} 1988},
  author = {Fol, Elena and Tomas Garcia, Rogelio and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime and Persson, Tobias Hakan Bjorn},
  year = {2017},
  month = feb,
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2253141},
  urldate = {2018-05-28},
  abstract = {This paper reports on the tests of new software development for automatic coupling correction and automatic model generation for data acquisition extending functionality of the Multiturn application.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fol et al - 2017 - LHC MD 1988 - Automatic coupling correction test.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\7VY6AJ2A\\2253141.html}
}

@inproceedings{FolOpticsCorrectionsUsing2019,
  title = {Optics {{Corrections}} Using {{Machine Learing}} in the {{LHC}}},
  booktitle = {{{IPAC}}'19},
  author = {Fol, E and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime and Franchetti, G and Tom{\'a}s, R},
  year = {2019},
  pages = {4},
  address = {{Melbourne, Australia}},
  abstract = {Optics corrections in the LHC are based on a response matrix between available correctors and observables. Supervised learning has been applied to optics correction in the LHC demonstrating promising results on simulations and demonstrating the ability to reach acceptably low {$\beta$}-beating. A comparison of different algorithms to the traditional response matrix approach is given, and it is followed by the presentation of further possible concepts to obtain optics corrections using machine learning (ML).},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fol et al - 2019 - Optics Corrections using Machine Learing in the LHC.pdf}
}

@article{FolSupervisedLearningbasedReconstruction2021,
  title = {Supervised Learning-Based Reconstruction of Magnet Errors in Circular Accelerators},
  author = {Fol, E. and Tom{\'a}s, R. and Franchetti, G.},
  year = {2021},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Eur. Phys. J.  Plus},
  volume = {136},
  number = {4},
  pages = {365},
  issn = {2190-5444},
  doi = {10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01348-5},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01348-5},
  urldate = {2021-07-22},
  abstract = {Magnetic field errors and misalignments cause optics perturbations, which can lead to machine safety issues and performance degradation. The correlation between magnetic errors and deviations of the measured optics functions from design can be used in order to build supervised learning models able to predict magnetic errors directly from a selection of measured optics observables. Extending the knowledge of errors in individual magnets offers potential improvements of beam control by including this information into optics models and corrections computation. Besides, we also present a technique for denoising and reconstruction of measurements data, based on autoencoder neural networks and linear regression. We investigate the usefulness of supervised machine learning algorithms for beam optics studies in a circular accelerator such as the LHC, for which the presented method has been applied in simulated environment, as well as on experimental data.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fol et al - 2021 - Supervised learning-based reconstruction of magnet errors in circular.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{FolUnsupervisedMachineLearning2019,
  title = {Unsupervised {{Machine Learning}} for {{Detection}} of {{Faulty Beam Position Monitors}}},
  booktitle = {{{IPAC}}'19},
  author = {Fol, E and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime and Tom{\'a}s, R},
  year = {2019},
  pages = {4},
  address = {{Melbourne, Australia}},
  abstract = {Unsupervised learning includes anomaly detection techniques that are suitable for the detection of unusual events such as instrumentation faults in particle accelerators. In this work we present the application of a decision trees-based algorithm to faulty BPMs detection at the LHC. This method is fully integrated into optics measurements at LHC and has been successfully used during commissioning and machine developments (MD) for different optics settings in 2018.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fol et al - 2019 - Unsupervised Machine Learning for Detection of Faulty Beam Position Monitors.pdf}
}

@article{ForestCanonicalIntegratorsTracking1989,
  title = {Canonical Integrators as Tracking Codes (or How to Integrate Perturbation Theory with Tracking)},
  author = {Forest, Etienne},
  year = {1989},
  month = apr,
  journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume = {184},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1106--1136},
  issn = {0094-243X},
  doi = {10.1063/1.38062},
  keywords = {to read},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Forest - 1989 - Canonical integrators as tracking codes (or how to integrate perturbation.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\HHM4UFNV\\1.html}
}

@article{ForestFPPPTCLibraries2006,
  title = {The {{FPP}} and {{PTC Libraries}}},
  author = {Forest, E and Nogiwa, Y},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {5},
  abstract = {In this short article we summarize the FPP package and the tracking code PTC which is crucially based on FPP. PTC is remarkable for its use of beam structures which take into full account the three dimensional structure of a lattice and its potential topological complexities such as those found in colliders and recirculators.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Forest et al - 2006 - The FPP and PTC Libraries.pdf}
}

@article{ForestGeometricIntegrationParticle2006,
  title = {Geometric Integration for Particle Accelerators},
  author = {Forest, {\'E}tienne},
  year = {2006},
  month = may,
  journal = {J. Phys. Math. Gen.},
  volume = {39},
  number = {19},
  pages = {5321--5377},
  issn = {0305-4470, 1361-6447},
  doi = {10.1088/0305-4470/39/19/S03},
  url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0305-4470/39/i=19/a=S03?key=crossref.4272a1ed7fcbbdc214ce5477ce8427d6},
  urldate = {2018-03-05},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Forest - 2006 - Geometric integration for particle accelerators.pdf}
}

@article{ForestHamiltonianFreeDescription1990,
  title = {A {{Hamiltonian}}-free Description of Single Particle Dynamics for Hopelessly Complex Periodic Systems},
  author = {Forest, {\'E}tienne},
  year = {1990},
  month = may,
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
  volume = {31},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1133--1144},
  issn = {0022-2488},
  doi = {10.1063/1.528795},
  url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.528795},
  urldate = {2018-03-01},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Forest - 1990 - A Hamiltonian‐free description of single particle dynamics for hopelessly.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{ForestHamiltonianfreePerturbationTheory1987,
  title = {Hamiltonian-Free Perturbation Theory: {{The}} Concept of Phase Advance},
  shorttitle = {Hamiltonian-Free Perturbation Theory},
  booktitle = {12th {{IEEE Part}}. {{Accel}}. {{Conf}}. {{PAC1987 Accel}}. {{Eng}}. {{Technol}}.},
  author = {Forest, Etienne},
  year = {1987},
  month = feb,
  url = {https://inspirehep.net/literature/245613},
  keywords = {ALGEBRA: LIE,BEAM: ORBIT,ORBIT: BEAM,PERTURBATION THEORY: NONLINEAR,TALK,TRANSFORMATION},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\GFHQJ7EA\\Forest - 1987 - HAMILTONIAN FREE PERTURBATION THEORY THE CONCEPT .pdf}
}

@techreport{ForestIntroductionPolymorphicTracking2002,
  type = {{{SPS}} and {{LHC Division Note}}},
  title = {Introduction to the {{Polymorphic Tracking Code}}},
  author = {Forest, Etienne and Schmidt, Frank and McIntosh, Eric},
  year = {2002},
  month = jul,
  number = {CERN\textendash SL\textendash 2002\textendash 044 (AP)},
  pages = {149},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/573082},
  urldate = {2018-05-23},
  abstract = {This is a description of the basic ideas behind the ``Polymorphic Tracking Code'' or PTC. PTC is truly a ``kick code'' or symplectic integrator in the tradition of TRACYII, SixTrack, and TEAPOT. However it separates correctly the mathematical atlas of charts and the magnets at a structural level by implementing a ``restricted fibre bundle.'' The resulting structures allow backward propagation and recirculation, something not possible in standard tracking codes. Also PTC is polymorphic in handling real (single, double and even quadruple precision) and Taylor series. Therefore it has all the tools associated to the TPSA packages: Lie methods, Normal Forms, Cosy-Infinity capabilities, beam envelopesfor radiation, etc., as well as parameter dependence on-the-fly. However PTC is an integrator, and as such, one must, generally, adhere to the Talman ``exactness'' view of modelling. Incidentally, it supports exact sector and rectangular bends as well. Of course, one can certainly bypass its integrator and the user is free to violate Talman's principles on his own; PTC provides the tools to dig one's grave but not the encouragement. The reader will find in Appendix B a PowerPoint presentation of FPP. The presentation is a bit out of date but it gives a good idea of FPP which is essential to PTC. FPP is a stand-alone library and can be used by anyone with a FORTRAN90 compiler. This presentation is also, to be honest, a place where the authors intend to document very incompletely nearly two years of work: the development of FPP and subsequently that of PTC. Our ultimate intention is to morph PTC completely into MAD-X. The code MAD-X is an upgrade of MAD-8 and not of the C++ CLASSIC based code MAD-9. The present document does not address when and how this will be done. It is also our goal to link, if possible, PTC with CAD programs for the design of complex follow-the-terrain beam lines. So far FPP and PTC have been used in the design of beam separators (complex polymorphs) and recirculators. They have also been linked with the code BMAD from Cornell. There is still a lot of work to be done if these tools are to be generally usable by a wide range of people. In addition, more complex structures will be needed to handle effects beyond single particle dynamics in a way which respects the fundamental mathematical integrity of the structures of PTC.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Forest et al - 2002 - Introduction to the Polymorphic Tracking Code.pdf}
}

@book{ForestTrackingCodeAnalysis2016,
  title = {From {{Tracking Code}} to {{Analysis}}},
  author = {Forest, Etienne},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {{Springer Japan}},
  address = {{Tokyo}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-4-431-55803-3},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-4-431-55803-3},
  urldate = {2019-02-15},
  isbn = {978-4-431-55802-6 978-4-431-55803-3},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Forest - 2016 - From Tracking Code to Analysis.pdf}
}

@article{FranchiAnalyticFormulasRapid2017,
  title = {Analytic Formulas for the Rapid Evaluation of the Orbit Response Matrix and Chromatic Functions from Lattice Parameters in Circular Accelerators},
  author = {Franchi, Andrea and Liuzzo, Simone Maria and Marti, Zeus},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {ArXiv Prepr.},
  eprint = {1711.06589},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  keywords = {read},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Franchi et al - 2017 - Analytic formulas for the rapid evaluation of the orbit response matrix and.pdf}
}

@techreport{FranchiComputationCouplingResonance2010,
  title = {Computation of the {{Coupling Resonance Driving}} Term F1001 and the Coupling Coefficient {{C}} from Turn-by-Turn Single-{{BPM}} Data},
  author = {Franchi, A. and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio and Vanbavinkhove, G.},
  year = {2010},
  month = may,
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/1264111},
  urldate = {2018-01-19},
  abstract = {In this note we show how to compute the Resonance Driving Term (RDT) f1001, the local resonance term chi 1010 and the coupling coefficient C from the spectrum of turn-by-turn single-BPM data. The harmonic analysis of real coordinate x(y) is model independent, conversely to the the analysis of the complex Courant-Snyder coordinate hx,- = x-ipx. From the computation of f1001 along the ring is closely related to the global coupling coefficient C, but it is affected by an intrinsic error, discussed in this note.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Franchi et al - 2010 - Computation of the Coupling Resonance Driving term f1001 and the coupling.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\CDDXXJKE\\1264111.html}
}

@article{FranchiEmittanceSharingExchange2007,
  title = {Emittance Sharing and Exchange Driven by Linear Betatron Coupling in Circular Accelerators},
  author = {Franchi, A. and M{\'e}tral, E. and Tom{\'a}s, R.},
  year = {2007},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {064003},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.064003},
  url = {https://journals.aps.org/prab/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.064003},
  urldate = {2018-01-19},
  abstract = {The influence of linear betatron coupling due to constant-in-time skew quadrupolar fields on the transverse emittances is discussed using both a simplified model of a smooth circular accelerator and a more realistic strong-focusing lattice with localized sources of coupling (thin lens). New formulas for the coupled transverse emittances are derived that include the initial emittances, the coupling strengths, and the tune distance from the resonance. By using the more powerful Lie algebra and the resonance driving terms formalism, equivalent formulas are derived that provide a better understanding of some counterintuitive effects, otherwise not understandable in the smooth approximation. The new formulas have been tested both numerically and experimentally by using data of the CERN Proton Synchrotron showing a remarkable agreement.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Franchi et al - 2007 - Emittance sharing and exchange driven by linear betatron coupling in circular.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\MCE3Z6B3\\PhysRevSTAB.10.html}
}

@article{FranchiFirstSimultaneousMeasurement2014,
  title = {First Simultaneous Measurement of Sextupolar and Octupolar Resonance Driving Terms in a Circular Accelerator from Turn-by-Turn Beam Position Monitors Data},
  author = {Franchi, A. and Farvacque, L. and Ewald, F. and Bec, G. Le and Scheidt, K. B.},
  year = {2014},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. - Accel. Beams},
  volume = {17},
  number = {7},
  eprint = {1402.1461},
  issn = {1098-4402},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.074001},
  abstract = {Beam lifetime in storage rings and colliders is affected by, among other effects, lattice nonlinearities. Their control are of great benefit to the dynamic aperture of an accelerator, whose enlargement leads in general to more efficient injection and longer lifetime. This article describes a procedure to evaluate and correct unwanted nonlinearities by using turn-by-turn beam position monitor data, which is an evolution of previous works on the resonance driving terms (RDTs). Effective sextupole magnetic errors and tilts at the ESRF electron storage ring are evaluated and corrected (when possible) by using this technique. For the first time, also octupolar RDTs could be measured and used to define an octupolar model for the main quadrupoles. Most of the deviations from the model observed in the sextupolar RDTs of the ESRF storage ring turned out to be generated by focusing errors rather than by sextupole errors. These results could be achieved thanks to new analytical formulas describing the harmonic content of the nonlinear betatron motion to the second order. For the first time, RDTs have been also used for beam-based calibration of individual sextupole magnets. They also proved to be a powerful tool in predicting faulty magnets and in validating magnetic models. This technique provides also a figure of merit for a self-assessment of the reliability of the data analysis.},
  keywords = {Physics - Accelerator Physics,to read},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Franchi et al - 2014 - First simultaneous measurement of sextupolar and octupolar resonance driving2.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\K5CID6UN\\1402.html}
}

@article{FranchiMagnetStrengthMeasurement2007,
  title = {Magnet Strength Measurement in Circular Accelerators from Beam Position Monitor Data},
  author = {Franchi, A. and Tom{\'a}s, R. and Schmidt, F.},
  year = {2007},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams},
  volume = {10},
  number = {7},
  issn = {1098-4402},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.074001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.074001},
  urldate = {2018-01-09},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {to read},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Franchi et al - 2007 - Magnet strength measurement in circular accelerators from beam position monitor.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{FranchiStudiesMeasurementsLinear2006,
  type = {Doctoral {{Thesis}}},
  title = {Studies and Measurements of Linear Coupling and Nonlinearities in Hadron Circular Accelerators},
  author = {Franchi, Andrea},
  year = {2006},
  month = sep,
  url = {https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/year/2006/docId/2270},
  urldate = {2018-01-19},
  abstract = {In this thesis a beam-based method has been developed to measure the strength and the polarity of corrector magnets (skew quadrupoles and sextupoles) in circular accelerators. The algorithm is based on the harmonic analysis (via FFT) of beam position monitor (BPM) data taken turn by turn from an accelerator in operation. It has been shown that, from the differences of the spectral line amplitudes between two consecutive BPMs, both the strength and the polarity of non-linear elements placed in between can be measured. The method has been successfully tested using existing BPM data from the SPS of CERN, since presently the SIS-18 is not equipped with the necessary hardware. The magnet strength of seven SPS extraction sextupoles was measured with a precision of about 10\%. The polarities have been unambiguously measured. This method can be used to detect polarity errors and wrong power supply connections during machine commissioning, as well as for a continuous monitoring of the "nonlinearity budget" in superconducting machines. A second beam-based method has been studied for a fast measurement and correction of betatron coupling driven by skew quadrupole field errors and tilted focusing quadrupoles. Traditional methods usually require a time-consuming scan of the corrector magnets in order to minimize the coupling stop band |C|. In this thesis it has been shown how the same correction can be performed in a single machine cycle from the harmonic analysis of multi-BPM data. The method has been successfully applied to RHIC. It has been shown that the stop band |C| (also known in the American literature as Delta-Qmin) measured in a single machine cycle with the new algorithm is compatible with the value obtained by traditional methods. The measurement of the resonance phase Theta defines automatically the best corrector setting, which was found in agreement with the one obtained with a traditional scan. A third theoretical achievement is a new description of the betatron motion close to the difference resonance in presence of linear coupling. Compared to the matrix formalism the motion is parametrized as a function of the resonance driving term f1001 only (which is proven to be an observable), whereas making use of the matrix approach four parameters need to be measured. Formulae describing the exchange of RMS emittances when approaching the resonances have been already derived in the 70s in the smooth approximation. New formulae have been derived here making use of Lie algebra providing a better description of the emittance behavior. The emittance exchange curves are predicted by new formulae with excellent agreement with multi-particle simulations and the counter-intuitive emittance variation along the ring of the emittance is proven to be related to the variation of f1001. A new way to decouple the equations of motion and explicit expressions for the individual single particle invariants have been found. For the first time emittance exchange studies have been carried out in the SIS-18 of GSI. Transverse RMS emittances have been measured during 2005 from rest gas monitor (RGM) data. Crossing the linear coupling resonance, the transverse emittances exchange completely. It has been observed that this effect is reversible. Applications of this manipulation are: emittance equilibration under consideration for future operations of the SIS-18 as booster for the SIS-100; emittance transfer during multi-turn injection to improve the eficiency and to protect the injection septum in high intensity operations, by shifting part of the horizontal emittance into the vertical plane. The emittance exchange curves obtained experimentally have been compared with analytic formulae providing a fast measurement (in few machine cycles only) of the linear coupling stop band |C|. Technical problems prevented the use of the eight skew quadrupoles installed in the SIS-18 to compensate the linear coupling resonance. It has been observed that the emittance exchange curve is highly sensitive to the beam intensity. Multi-particle simulations with 2D PIC space-charge solver have been run to infer heuristic scaling laws able to quantify the observable stop band, to be used for the resonance compensation. The analysis of BPM and RGM data has been performed making use of new software applications developed for this purpose. The bpm2rdt code for the harmonic analysis of BPM data has been written and tested with real data. The software reads the BPM turn-by-turn data and the Twiss parameters. Then it performs the FFT of these data, finds the peaks of the Fourier spectra and infers the RDT fjklm, the strengths \^hjklm and the local terms lambda-jklm. All these observables are printed out together with the corresponding values of the model, computed from the nominal values of strengths and the Twiss parameters. From the FFT of dual-plane BPM data the linear optics (beta functions and phase advances Delta phi) at the corresponding location is also inferred. From the measurement of f1000, the linear coupling coeffcient C (amplitude and phase) is also computed. The code has been tested by using existing SPS data and new RHIC data. For the on-line analysis of RGM data the rgm2emitt code has been written. The application reads in input the raw data files from the RGM and the beam loss monitor (BLM) respectively, the latter created by the RGM on-line software itself. From the RGM data the transverse beam sizes and emittances are inferred and used together with the BLM data to compute the tune shift during the machine cycle.},
  langid = {english},
  school = {Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\"at},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Franchi - 2006 - Studies and measurements of linear coupling and nonlinearities in hadron.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\HLZ6SFVM\\2270.html}
}

@article{FranchiVerticalEmittanceReduction2011,
  title = {Vertical Emittance Reduction and Preservation in Electron Storage Rings via Resonance Driving Terms Correction},
  author = {Franchi, A. and Farvacque, L. and Chavanne, J. and Ewald, F. and Nash, B. and Scheidt, K. and Tom{\'a}s, R.},
  year = {2011},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {034002},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.034002},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.034002},
  urldate = {2020-12-02},
  abstract = {In this paper the influence of betatron coupling on the transverse beam emittances is described using the resonance driving terms formalism. Betatron coupling and vertical dispersion generated by magnetic and installation errors are major sources of vertical emittance. A new scheme for minimizing the latter is presented here, together with results from measurements carried out in 2010 at the ESRF electron storage ring, which provided vertical emittance of about 4.4 pm, a record low for this machine. Two schemes for the automatic compensation of coupling introduced by insertion devices are also presented with results from the first implementation tests. This paper is also an attempt to clarify the various definitions and meanings of vertical emittance in the presence of coupling.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Franchi et al - 2011 - Vertical emittance reduction and preservation in electron storage rings via.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\8A8AJZD3\\PhysRevSTAB.14.html}
}

@inproceedings{FreudeQualityMetricsOptical2012,
  title = {Quality Metrics for Optical Signals: {{Eye}} Diagram, {{Q-factor}}, {{OSNR}}, {{EVM}} and {{BER}}},
  shorttitle = {Quality Metrics for Optical Signals},
  author = {Freude, Wolfgang and Schmogrow, Rene and Nebendahl, Bernd and Winter, Marcus and Josten, Arne and Hillerkuss, David and Koenig, Swen and Meyer, Joachim and Dreschmann, Michael and Huebner, Michael and Koos, Christian and Becker, Juergen and Leuthold, Juerg},
  year = {2012},
  month = jul,
  pages = {1--4},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  doi = {10.1109/ICTON.2012.6254380},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6254380/},
  urldate = {2018-01-18},
  isbn = {978-1-4673-2229-4 978-1-4673-2228-7 978-1-4673-2227-0},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Freude et al - 2012 - Quality metrics for optical signals.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{FreyDigitalSignalProcessing2012,
  title = {Digital {{Signal Processing Techniques}} for {{Optical Four-dimensional Modulation Formats}}},
  author = {Frey, Felix},
  year = {2012},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Frey - 2012 - Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Optical Four-dimensional Modulation.pdf}
}

@article{FurusethLongtermEvolutionLandau2020,
  title = {Long-Term Evolution of {{Landau}} Damping in the Presence of Transverse Noise, Feedback, and Detuning},
  author = {Furuseth, Sondre Vik and Buffat, Xavier},
  year = {2020},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams},
  volume = {23},
  number = {3},
  pages = {034401},
  issn = {2469-9888},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.034401},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.034401},
  urldate = {2020-06-29},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Furuseth et al - 2020 - Long-term evolution of Landau damping in the presence of transverse noise,.pdf}
}

@article{FurusethLossTransverseLandau2020,
  title = {Loss of Transverse {{Landau}} Damping by Noise and Wakefield Driven Diffusion},
  author = {Furuseth, Sondre Vik and Buffat, Xavier},
  year = {2020},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams},
  volume = {23},
  number = {11},
  pages = {114401},
  issn = {2469-9888},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.114401},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.114401},
  urldate = {2022-03-29},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Furuseth et al - 2020 - Loss of transverse Landau damping by noise and wakefield driven diffusion.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{Fuster-MartinezApertureMeasurementsAC2018,
  title = {Aperture {{Measurements}} with {{AC Dipole}} at the {{Large Hadron Collider}}},
  booktitle = {{{IPAC}}'18},
  author = {{Fuster-Mart{\'i}nez}, Nuria and Bruce, Roderik and Dilly, Joschua and Maclean, Ewen and Nevay, Laurence and Persson, Tobias and Redaelli, Stefano and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {{JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland}},
  address = {{Vancouver, Canada}},
  doi = {10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2018-MOPMF048},
  abstract = {Global aperture measurements are crucial for a safe operation and to push the performance of the LHC. In particular, the knowledge of the global aperture at top energy allows pushing the optics to reduce the colliding beam sizes. The standard method used in the LHC commissioning requires using several low-intensity bunches for one measurement and makes bunches un-usable for other activities. This paper presents first global aperture measurements performed at injection with a new method using the AC dipole. This method consists in exciting large coherent oscillations of the beam without spoiling its emittance. A gentle control of the oscillation amplitude enables re-using the beams for several measurements. These measurements are compared with aperture measurements performed using the standard method based on destructive blow-up of bunches. Possible benefits, for example for optics measurements, at top energy with squeezed optics, are elaborated.},
  collaborator = {Todd (Ed.), Satogata and RW (Ed.), Volker, Schaa},
  copyright = {CC 3.0},
  isbn = {978-3-95450-184-7},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {01 Circular and Linear Colliders,A01 Hadron Colliders,Accelerator Physics},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fuster-Martínez et al - 2018 - Aperture Measurements with AC Dipole at the Large Hadron Collider.pdf}
}

@article{Fuster-MartinezBeambasedApertureMeasurements2021,
  title = {Beam-Based Aperture Measurements with Movable Collimator Jaws as Performance Booster of the {{CERN Large Hadron Collider}}},
  author = {{Fuster-Mart{\'i}nez}, N. and A{\ss}mann, R. W. and Bruce, R. and Giovannozzi, M. and Hermes, P. and Mereghetti, A. and Mirarchi, D. and Redaelli, S. and Wenninger, J.},
  year = {2021},
  month = jun,
  journal = {ArXiv210609656 Phys.},
  eprint = {2106.09656},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  primaryclass = {physics},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09656},
  urldate = {2021-07-22},
  abstract = {The beam aperture of a particle accelerator defines the clearance available for the circulating beams and is a parameter of paramount importance for the accelerator performance. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the knowledge and control of the available aperture is crucial because the nominal proton beams carry an energy of 362 MJ stored in a superconducting environment. Even a tiny fraction of beam losses could quench the superconducting magnets or cause severe material damage. Furthermore, in a circular collider, the performance in terms of peak luminosity depends to a large extent on the aperture of the inner triplet quadrupoles, which are used to focus the beams at the interaction points. In the LHC, this aperture represents the smallest aperture at top-energy with squeezed beams and determines the maximum potential reach of the peak luminosity. Beam-based aperture measurements in these conditions are difficult and challenging. In this paper, we present different methods that have been developed over the years for precise beam-based aperture measurements in the LHC, highlighting applications and results that contributed to boost the operational LHC performance in Run 1 (2010-2013) and Run 2 (2015-2018).},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  keywords = {Physics - Accelerator Physics},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fuster-Martínez et al - 2021 - Beam-based aperture measurements with movable collimator jaws as performance.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\G3EFAQWB\\2106.html}
}

@techreport{Fuster-MartinezLHCBetaReach2017,
  type = {Accelerators \& {{Technology Sector Note}}},
  title = {{{LHC}} Beta*-Reach {{MD}}: Aperture Measurements at Small Beta{${_\ast}$}},
  author = {{Fuster-Martinez}, N and Bruce, R and Redaelli, S},
  year = {2017},
  month = nov,
  number = {CERN-ACC-NOTE-2017-0064},
  pages = {13},
  abstract = {During this MD, performed on the 25th of July 2017, we measured the LHC aperture at top energy for {$\beta{_\ast}$}=30 cm using the Transverse Damper (ADT) blow-up method. These measurements are part of the standard commissioning of an optics and have been performed in order to provide early on inputs for a possible change of {$\beta{_\ast}$} later in 2017, as envisaged previously to fully profit from the additional margins introduced by the rematched phase advance between dump kickers and the TCTs (Target Collimator Tertiary). In addition to the aperture measurements, two other commissioning important tests were performed: loss maps for the nominal TCTs settings and an asynchronous dump validation with tighter TCT gaps.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Fuster-Martinez et al - 2017 - LHC beta∗-reach MD - aperture measurements at small beta∗.pdf}
}

@techreport{GambaBeamDynamicsRequirements2017,
  title = {Beam Dynamics Requirements for {{HL}}\textendash{{LHC}} Electrical Circuits},
  author = {Gamba, Davide and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio and Giovannozzi, Massimo and De Maria, Riccardo and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime and Arduini, Gianluigi and Cerqueira Bastos, Miguel and Martino, Michele},
  year = {2017},
  month = dec,
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2298764},
  urldate = {2018-03-14},
  abstract = {A certain number of LHC magnets and relative electrical circuits will be replaced for the HL-LHC upgrade. The performance of the new circuits will need to be compatible with the current installation, and to provide the necessary improvements to meet the tight requirements of the new operational scenario. This document summarises the present knowledge of the performance and use of the LHC circuits and, based on this and on the new optics requirements, provides the necessary specifications for the new HL-LHC electrical circuits.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gamba et al - 2017 - Beam dynamics requirements for HL–LHC electrical circuits.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\8STGBL4S\\2298764.html}
}

@article{Garcia-MatosFabricationPowerTest2021,
  title = {Fabrication and {{Power Test}} of the {{Second MCBXFB Nested Orbit Corrector Prototype}} for {{HL-LHC}}},
  author = {{Garc{\'i}a-Matos}, Jes{\'u}s A. and Calero, Jes{\'u}s and Dom{\'i}nguez, Manuel and Fern{\'a}ndez, Alejandro and G{\'o}mez, Pablo and {Garc{\'i}a-Tabar{\'e}s}, Luis and Mart{\'i}nez, Teresa and Jardim, Carla Martins and Munilla, Javier and Pardo, Jose A. and P{\'e}rez, Jose M. and Sobrino, Pablo and Toral, Fernando and Bajko, Marta and Bourcey, Nicolas and Ferradas, Salvador and Fiscarelli, Lucio and Guinchard, Michael and Perez, Juan C. and Todesco, Ezio and Willering, Gerard},
  year = {2021},
  month = aug,
  journal = {IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.},
  volume = {31},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1--5},
  issn = {1558-2515},
  doi = {10.1109/TASC.2021.3059610},
  abstract = {The second prototype of the MCBXFB nested orbit corrector for the upgrade of the LHC has been manufactured at CIEMAT and assembled at CERN, in the framework of the HL-LHC project. This paper describes the changes introduced with respect to the first prototype in order to test some design improvements intended for the series magnets. The preload of the coils has been carefully studied, aiming to improve the performance in combined operation. A power test campaign has been carried out for this second prototype at CERN. Both dipoles reached ultimate current without any quench when individually powered. However, the results in combined operation did not improve those of the first prototype. Further analysis and studies are ongoing.},
  keywords = {Cable insulation,Coils,Fabrication,Hilumi-LHC,magnet fabrication,magnet test,Magnetic heads,MCBXF,nested superconducting coils,Prototypes,Superconducting magnets,Torque},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\García-Matos et al - 2021 - Fabrication and Power Test of the Second MCBXFB Nested Orbit Corrector.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\7DS8G4S8\\9356119.html}
}

@techreport{Garcia-TabaresOpticsmeasurementbasedBPMCalibration2016,
  title = {Optics-Measurement-Based {{BPM Calibration}}},
  author = {{Garcia-Tabares}, Ana and Carlier, Felix and Malina, Lukas and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime and Langner, Andy and Skowro{\'n}ski, Piotr and Maclean, Ewen and Persson, Tobias and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio and Solfaroli Camillocci, Matteo},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMB041, 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2016-THPMB041},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2207435},
  urldate = {2018-01-19},
  abstract = {The LHC beta functions ({$\beta$}) can be measured using the phase or the amplitude of betatron oscillations obtained with beam position monitors (BPMs). Using the amplitude information results in a {$\beta$} measurement affected by BPM calibration. This work aims at calibrating BPMs using optics measurements.~For this, {$\beta$}s from amplitude and phase and normalized dispersion obtained from many different measurements in 2015 with different optics and corrections are analyzed. Simulations are also performed to support the analyses.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Garcia-Tabares et al - 2016 - Optics-measurement-based BPM Calibration.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\34IE3D3A\\2207435.html}
}

@article{Garcia-TabaresOpticsMeasurementsCERN2019,
  title = {Optics {{Measurements}} in the {{CERN PS Booster Using Turn-by-Turn BPM Data}}},
  author = {{Garcia-Tabares}, Ana and Skowro{\'n}ski, Piotr and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Proc. 10th Int Part. Accel. Conf},
  volume = {IPAC2019},
  pages = {4 pages, 1.455 MB},
  publisher = {{JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland}},
  doi = {10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2019-MOPGW080},
  url = {http://jacow.org/ipac2019/doi/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPGW080.html},
  urldate = {2020-05-26},
  abstract = {As part of the LHC Injector Upgrade Project the injection of the CERN PS Booster will be changed to increase intensity and brightness of the delivered beams. The new injection scheme is likely to give rise to beta beating above the required level of 5\% and new measurements are required. Achieving accurate optics measurements in PSB lattice is a challenging task that has involved several improvements in both hardware and software. This paper summarizes all the improvements that have been performed in the optics measurement acquisition system together with a brief summary of the first results obtained.},
  collaborator = {Mark (Ed.), Boland and Hitoshi (Ed.), Tanaka and David (Ed.), Button and Rohan (Ed.), Dowd and RW (Ed.), Volker, Schaa and Eugene (Ed.), Tan},
  copyright = {CC 3.0},
  isbn = {9783954502080},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerator Physics,MC5: Beam Dynamics and EM Fields},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Garcia-Tabares et al - 2019 - Optics Measurements in the CERN PS Booster Using Turn-by-Turn BPM Data.pdf}
}

@techreport{Garcia-TabaresValdiviesoLHCInjectionOptics2016,
  title = {{{LHC}} Injection Optics Measurements at Commissioning (2015)},
  author = {{Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso}, Ana and Maclean, Ewen Hamish and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio and Malina, Lukas and Skowronski, Piotr Krzysztof and Carlier, Felix Simon and {Garcia-Bonilla}, Alba-Carolina and Vazquez, Coello De Portugal-Martinez and Maria, Jaime and Mcateer, Meghan Jill and Langner, Andy Sven and Persson, Tobias Hakan Bjorn},
  year = {2016},
  month = apr,
  address = {{CERN}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2143878},
  urldate = {2018-05-28},
  abstract = {This report describes the measurement and correction process followed during the 2015 LHC injection optics commissioning which extended into Machine Developments (MDs). Results have been analyzed and compared to the 2012 measurements.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {read},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso et al - 2016 - LHC injection optics measurements at commissioning (2015).pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\A3BT32PN\\2143878.html}
}

@phdthesis{Garcia-TabaresValdiviesoOpticsmeasurementbasedBeamPosition2019,
  title = {Optics-Measurement-Based {{Beam Position Monitor Calibration}}.},
  author = {{Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso}, Ana},
  year = {2019},
  month = nov,
  journal = {CERN Document Server},
  number = {CERN-THESIS-2019-211},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2701414},
  urldate = {2021-09-23},
  abstract = {Accurate measurements of the focusing properties of an accelerator are essential for proper operation of a synchrotron, both for the machine protection and for the performance of the experiment. Measurement of linear optics functions based on turn-by-turn measurements has been developed continuously in pursuit of more accurate results. Optics functions that describe the focusing properties of the machine can be obtained from different observables: phase and amplitude of the transverse betatron oscillations and the change of the tune by modulating the current of quadrupoles (K-modulation) . Reconstruction of linear optics using the phase, in combination with K-modulation, have been the main approaches for obtaining the \$\textbackslash beta\$-function in accelerators all over the world.  Measurements of optics functions based on the amplitude, denoted as from amplitude, have not been used as widely as the other methods since it requires accurate beam-position-monitor (BPM) calibration. BPMs are key elements in accelerator operation, providing essential information about different beam parameters that are directly related to the accelerator performance. BPMs are calibrated before its installation in the accelerator to obtain an accurate conversion from an induced voltage to the centre of charge position. This calibration procedure can only be performed when the accelerator is in a period of non-activity and does not completely reproduce the exact conditions that occur during the machine operation. The studies presented in this thesis have served as improvement of the from amplitude approach, \$\textbackslash beta\^\{A\}\$, and they can be summarized in two groups: developing of the uncertainty associated to the \$\textbackslash beta\^\{A\}\$-function and mitigation of the BPM calibration factors effects. First, a study of the error-bar associated with the measured A-function is introduced using an analytical formalism that has been contrasted with simulations and experimental results. Second, a study of the BPM calibration factors based on optics measurements has been developed as part of this research. Discrepancies observed during the optics measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) between different \$\textbackslash beta\$-reconstruction approaches, show that the impact of the BPM calibration factors on the optics functions was higher than expected from the design values and tolerances. Measurement of the optics functions allows obtaining extra information on BPM calibration together with its associated uncertainty and resolution. This thesis summarizes the development of two different techniques to compute the BPMs calibration factors based on optics measurements accurately. These approaches have been developed using as a test bench the LHC and the PSB, and it is foreseen to extrapolate them to future accelerators. In case of LHC, the optics developed for computing the calibration factors only allows to accurately calibrate a limited range of BPMs located in the vicinity of the experiments denoted as IRs. The implementation of this approach in LHC and PSB is introduced in this thesis. Together with a summary of the hardware and software upgrades needed for its implementation. In case of LHC, calibration factors have been implemented in different machine configurations, in which the -function can be measured accurately using the three different approaches previously introduced: \$\textbackslash beta\$, \$\textbackslash beta\^\{A\}\$ and K-modulation. In LHC IRs BPMs a systematic deviation of the BPM calibration was observed when reconstructing the \$\textbackslash beta\$-function using the \$\textbackslash beta\^\{A\}\$-method with respect to the results obtained using the approach. By compensating the effect of the calibration factors in the measured \$\textbackslash beta\^\{A\}\$-function, the average accuracy of the \$\textbackslash beta\$-function has improved in a 6\% in Beam 1 and 4\% in Beam 2 with respect to the direct measured A-function. On the other hand, in case of PSB, the validation of the calibration optics has been performed using the nominal optics used during the routine operations. Calibrating the BPMs using an optics-based approach has allowed decreasing the -function error bar, previously computed using the approach, by a factor of three.},
  langid = {english},
  school = {Madrid U.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso - 2019 - Optics-measurement-based Beam Position Monitor Calibration.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\LXSYM5CK\\2701414.html}
}

@techreport{Garcia-TabaresValdiviesoOpticsMeasurementsCorrections2018,
  title = {Optics Measurements and Corrections at Beta*= 2.5 Km},
  author = {{Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso}, Ana and Burkhardt, Helmut and Carlier, Felix Simon and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime and Fol, Elena and Maclean, Ewen Hamish and Malina, Lukas and Tomas Garcia, Rogelio and Wegscheider, Andreas},
  year = {2018},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2632144},
  abstract = {This paper reports on the results of the high {$\beta{_\ast}$} (2.5 km) optics measurements and corrections for the LHC at 6.5 TeV in 2016},
  collaborator = {CERN. Geneva. ATS Department},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerators and Storage Rings,CERN LHC,High-beta,Optics},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso et al - 2018 - Optics measurements and corrections at β∗= 2.5 km.pdf}
}

@article{GarciaMoralesOffmomentumCleaningSimulations2021,
  title = {Off-Momentum Cleaning Simulations and Measurements at the {{Large Hadron Collider}}},
  author = {Garcia Morales, Hector and Bruce, Roderik and Redaelli, Stefano and Salvachua, Belen and Wretborn, Joel and Sjobak, Kyrre Ness},
  year = {2021},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume = {1010},
  pages = {165494},
  issn = {0168-9002},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2021.165494},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900221004794},
  urldate = {2021-07-22},
  abstract = {The Large Hadron Collider is designed to collide proton beams with unprecedented energy in order to extend the frontiers of high-energy physics. Particles that have an energy different from the nominal one follow dispersive orbits and, if the energy offset is large enough, could be lost on the cold aperture and cause quenches of superconducting magnets. Therefore, particles with large energy offsets must be removed from the beam by the collimation system. Although the dynamics of such particles is well understood and the efficiency of the momentum cleaning is evaluated in measurements, in the past, there were not general simulations tools available for predicting the efficiency of the collimation system in scenarios where off-momentum particles are involved. In this paper we present a new set of tools to simulate off-momentum losses, the benchmarking of these tools with measurements and the evaluation of off-momentum losses in the future LHC upgrade, the HL-LHC. These new simulation tools are applied for simulating two of the main scenarios where off-momentum particles play an important role in the LHC: particles lost at the start of the energy ramp and simulations of the momentum cleaning at 6.5~TeV energy. In this study, the collimation process during dynamic changes in the machine is simulated, as opposed to previous studies in static conditions. This is the first time that this sort of comparison between different simulation methods and measurements is performed. The results are used to provide a better understanding the dynamics of such particles and, finally, these tools are used to estimate the influence of off-momentum losses in the future High-Luminosity LHC.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Collimation,LHC,Off-momentum cleaning,Simulation},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Garcia Morales et al - 2021 - Off-momentum cleaning simulations and measurements at the Large Hadron Collider.pdf}
}

@techreport{GareyteLandauDampingDynamic1997,
  type = {{{LHC Project Report}}},
  title = {Landau {{Damping}}, {{Dynamic Aperture}} and {{Octupoles}} in {{LHC}}},
  author = {Gareyte, J and Koutchouk, J P and Ruggiero, F},
  year = {1997},
  month = apr,
  number = {91},
  pages = {10},
  institution = {{CERN}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/321824},
  abstract = {Maximization of the dynamic aperture and Landau damping of the collective instabilities are partly con icting requirements. On the one hand, the non-linearities of the lattice must be minimized at large oscillation amplitude to guarantee the stability of the single particle motion. On the other hand, a spread of the betatron frequencies is needed for the stability of the collective motion of bunches of particles this requires non-linearities e ective at small amplitudes. We show in this note that the `natural' spread of betatron tunes due to the eld imperfections is inadequate for Landau damping. An octupole scheme is required to provide collective stability at high energy. At low energy it may be used to nd the optimum between the correction of the octupolar eld imperfections and Landau damping. The solution of the stability problem taking into account the two degrees of freedom of the transverse motion allows a signi cant saving in octupole strength even though a safety margin is included: 144 octupoles with a magnetic length of 32 cm are needed, leaving some reserve slots for other correctors. The present localization close to the lattice quadrupoles is well adapted for Landau damping, but unfavourable for the correction of the octupolar imperfection of the dipoles. Depending on the multipolar errors in the dipoles, octupolar and skew octupolar spool pieces may have to be envisaged.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gareyte et al - Landau Damping, Dynamic Aperture and Octupoles in LHC.pdf}
}

@techreport{GasiorHighSensitivityTune2005,
  title = {High {{Sensitivity Tune Measurement}} by {{Direct Diode Detection}}},
  author = {Gasior, M. and Jones, R.},
  year = {2005},
  month = apr,
  number = {CERN-AB-2005-060},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/895142},
  urldate = {2022-07-05},
  abstract = {The fractional part of the betatron tune for a circular accelerator can be measured by observing beam oscillations on a position pick-up. In frequency domain the betatron frequency is seen as sidebands on either side of the revolution harmonics. Usually beam signal pulses from the pick-up are very short with respect to the revolution period, resulting in a broadband spectrum. Classical tune measurement systems filter out just one of the betatron sidebands. As a consequence, most of the betatron energy is lost and only a very small fraction remains for further processing. This paper describes a new method, referred to as Direct Diode Detection (3D). It is based on the idea of time stretching beam pulses from the pick-up in order to increase the betatron frequency content in the baseband. The 3D method was recently tested in the CERN SPS and PS, BNL RHIC and FNAL Tevatron machines. Results from all these machines [1, 2, 3, 4] show that this method can increase the betatron signal level by orders of magnitude as compared to classical systems, making it possible to observe tunes with no explicit excitation. Frequency resolution in the order of 10-5 and amplitude sensitivity in the order of 10 nm has been achieved with this very simple hardware.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gasior et al - 2005 - High Sensitivity Tune Measurement by Direct Diode Detection.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\UXBZKH6M\\895142.html}
}

@book{GasiorPrincipleFirstResults2005,
  title = {The Principle and First Results of Betatron Tune Measurement by Direct Diode Detection},
  author = {Gasior, M. and Jones, R.},
  year = {2005},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/883298},
  abstract = {The fractional part of the tune value of a circular accelerator can be measured by observing the betatron oscillations of the beam on a position sensitive pick-up. In the frequency domain the betatron signal is seen as sidebands on the revolution harmonics. The bunches in the beam often have a very short length with respect to the revolution period, resulting in a wideband pick-up signal spectrum, containing many betatron lines. Classical tune measurement systems filter out just one or a few of these betatron sidebands. As a consequence, most of the betatron energy is lost and only a very small fraction remains for further processing. This paper describes a new method, referred to as Direct Diode Detection (3D), which overcomes this and a few other problems. The basic idea is to time stretch the beam pulses from the pick up in order to increase the betatron frequency content in the baseband. This can be accomplished by a simple diode detector followed by an RC low pass filter, as used in the common envelope detection technique for demodulating AM signals. It will be shown that such a circuit can increase the betatron signal level by orders of magnitude compared to classical systems. The 3D method was recently tested in the CERN SPS and PS machines with prototype base band tune (BBQ) measurement systems. Results will be presented showing that the prototypes were sensitive enough to see betatron oscillations in both machines with no added external excitation. The SPS system is also shown to be capable of measuring tunes with a resolution of 10-5 with no explicit excitation. Copies of the BBQ prototype are currently being tested on BNL-RHIC and FNAL-Tevatron as part of the US LARP collaboration, with a view to installing a similar system for tune measurement at the LHC},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerators and Storage Rings},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gasior et al - 2005 - The principle and first results of betatron tune measurement by direct diode.pdf}
}

@article{GeyerChannelParameterEstimation2008,
  title = {Channel {{Parameter Estimation}} for {{Polarization Diverse Coherent Receivers}}},
  author = {Geyer, J. C. and Hauske, F. N. and Fludger, C. R. S. and Duthel, T. and Schulien, C. and Kuschnerov, M. and Piyawanno, K. and {van den Borne}, D. and Schmidt, E.-D. and Spinnler, B. and {de Waardt}, H. and Lankl, B. and Schmauss, B.},
  year = {2008},
  month = may,
  journal = {IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.},
  volume = {20},
  number = {10},
  pages = {776--778},
  issn = {1041-1135},
  doi = {10.1109/LPT.2008.921104},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4490020/},
  urldate = {2018-01-09},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Geyer et al - 2008 - Channel Parameter Estimation for Polarization Diverse Coherent Receivers.pdf}
}

@article{GiovannozziMachineLearningApplied2021,
  title = {Machine {{Learning Applied}} to the {{Analysis}} of {{Nonlinear Beam Dynamics Simulations}} for the {{CERN Large Hadron Collider}} and {{Its Luminosity Upgrade}}},
  author = {Giovannozzi, Massimo and Maclean, Ewen and Montanari, Carlo Emilio and Valentino, Gianluca and {Van der Veken}, Frederik F.},
  year = {2021},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Information},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {53},
  publisher = {{Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}},
  doi = {10.3390/info12020053},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/12/2/53},
  urldate = {2021-07-22},
  abstract = {A Machine Learning approach to scientific problems has been in use in Science and Engineering for decades. High-energy physics provided a natural domain of application of Machine Learning, profiting from these powerful tools for the advanced analysis of data from particle colliders. However, Machine Learning has been applied to Accelerator Physics only recently, with several laboratories worldwide deploying intense efforts in this domain. At CERN, Machine Learning techniques have been applied to beam dynamics studies related to the Large Hadron Collider and its luminosity upgrade, in domains including beam measurements and machine performance optimization. In this paper, the recent applications of Machine Learning to the analyses of numerical simulations of nonlinear beam dynamics are presented and discussed in detail. The key concept of dynamic aperture provides a number of topics that have been selected to probe Machine Learning. Indeed, the research presented here aims to devise efficient algorithms to identify outliers and to improve the quality of the fitted models expressing the time evolution of the dynamic aperture.},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {CERN High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider,CERN Large Hadron Collider,dynamic aperture,machine learning,nonlinear beam dynamics},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Giovannozzi et al - 2021 - Machine Learning Applied to the Analysis of Nonlinear Beam Dynamics Simulations.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\HPNXRAQ3\\53.html}
}

@techreport{GiovannozziParameterScansAccuracy2006,
  title = {Parameter Scans and Accuracy Estimates of the Dynamical Aperture of the {{CERN LHC}}},
  author = {Giovannozzi, Massimo and McIntosh, Eric},
  year = {2006},
  month = jul,
  number = {LHC-PROJECT-Report-925},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/972343},
  urldate = {2021-03-25},
  abstract = {Techniques to make use of large distributed computing facilities allow for denser parameter scans of the dynamic aperture, i.e., the domain in phase space where bounded single-particle motion prevails. Moreover, one can also increase the number of 'seeds' each of which represents a possible realization of multipolar components around the machine. In this paper the dependence of the dynamic aperture on the step size of the grid of initial conditions and on the number of seeds is studied. Estimates on the accuracy of the dynamic aperture are derived and the definition of an improved protocol for numerical simulations is presented.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Giovannozzi et al - 2006 - Parameter scans and accuracy estimates of the dynamical aperture of the CERN LHC.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\GC9F69AZ\\972343.html}
}

@article{GiovannozziProposedScalingLaw2012,
  title = {Proposed Scaling Law for Intensity Evolution in Hadron Storage Rings Based on Dynamic Aperture Variation with Time},
  author = {Giovannozzi, M.},
  year = {2012},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {024001},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.15.024001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.15.024001},
  urldate = {2019-09-09},
  abstract = {A scaling law for the time dependence of the dynamic aperture, i.e., the region of phase space where stable motion occurs, has been proposed in previous papers [M. Giovannozzi, W. Scandale, E. Todescoand , Part. Accel. 56, 195 (1996); M. Giovannozzi, W. Scandale, and E. Todesco, in Proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, edited by M. Comyn, M. K. Craddock, M. Reiser, and J. Thomson (IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, NJ, 1997), p. 1445; M. Giovannozzi, W. Scandale, and E. Todesco, Phys. Rev. E 57, 3432 (1998)]. This law, based on the analysis of numerical simulations data, is not entirely phenomenological, but motivated by some fundamental theorems of the theory of dynamical systems and indicates that the dynamic aperture has a logarithmic dependence on time. This result is used in turn as a basis for deriving a scaling law for the intensity evolution in hadron storage rings. This relationship is presented and discussed in detail in this paper. Furthermore, experimental data were compared to the predictions of this law and showed a remarkable agreement.},
  keywords = {to read},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Giovannozzi - 2012 - Proposed scaling law for intensity evolution in hadron storage rings based on.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\EIQAKLQA\\PhysRevSTAB.15.html}
}

@techreport{GiovannozziSpecificationSystemCorrectors2013,
  type = {Accelerators \& {{Technology Sector Note}}},
  title = {Specification of a {{System}} of {{Correctors}} for the {{Triplets}} and {{Seperation Dipoles}} of the {{LHC Upgrade}}},
  author = {Giovannozzi, M. and Fartoukh, S. and De Maria, R.},
  year = {2013},
  month = may,
  number = {CERN-ACC-2013-0168},
  institution = {{CERN}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/1591595},
  urldate = {2022-05-17},
  abstract = {The luminosity upgrade of the LHC aims at reducing beta* from 55 cm to 15 cm or beyond. This can be achieved by the ATS [1] scheme and means of new large aperture superconducting triplet (IT) quadrupoles (150 mm), preferably using the Nb\$\_\{3\}\$Sn technology in order to keep the gradient reasonably high (140 T/m). The field quality requires careful specification in order to ensure a large enough dynamic aperture (DA). In this context, dedicated corrector magnets are foreseen to provide semi-local corrections of specific multipole components and find the best possible compromise between the demand and what can be realistically achieved by the magnet manufacturer. In this paper the layout and main parameters of the IT corrector package are presented together with the correction strategy. Moreover, the foreseen performance is discussed in detail.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Giovannozzi et al - 2013 - Specification of a System of Correctors for the Triplets and Seperation Dipoles.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\VSVULF5J\\1591595.html}
}

@techreport{GiovannozziTripletCorrectorsSpecifications2014,
  title = {Triplet {{Correctors}} Specifications},
  author = {Giovannozzi, M. and Fartoukh, S. and De Maria, R.},
  year = {2014},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/1954722},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {2: Accelerator Physics \& Performance,2.3: Particle Simulations,Accelerators and Storage Rings},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Giovannozzi et al - 2014 - Triplet Correctors specifications.pdf}
}

@misc{GlassleCpymadCythonBinding,
  title = {Cpymad: {{Cython}} Binding to {{MAD-X}}},
  author = {Gl{\"a}{\ss}le, Thomas and Levinsen, Yngve I and Fuchsberger, Kajetan},
  url = {https://github.com/hibtc/cpymad}
}

@inproceedings{GlingenerOpticalNetworkingTrends2011,
  title = {Optical {{Networking Trends}} and {{Evolution}}},
  author = {Glingener, Christoph},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {OThAA1},
  publisher = {{OSA}},
  doi = {10.1364/OFC.2011.OThAA1},
  url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=OFC-2011-OThAA1},
  urldate = {2018-01-09},
  isbn = {978-1-55752-906-0},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Glingener - 2011 - Optical Networking Trends and Evolution.pdf}
}

@book{GoldsteinClassicalMechanics1980,
  title = {Classical Mechanics},
  author = {Goldstein, Herbert},
  year = {1980},
  series = {Addison-{{Wesley}} Series in Physics},
  edition = {2d ed},
  publisher = {{Addison-Wesley Pub. Co}},
  address = {{Reading, Mass}},
  isbn = {978-0-201-02918-5},
  lccn = {QA805 .G6 1980},
  keywords = {Mechanics; Analytic},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Goldstein - 1980 - Classical mechanics.pdf}
}

@misc{GommersSciPyFundamentalAlgorithms,
  title = {{{SciPy}}: {{Fundamental}} Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python},
  shorttitle = {Scipy/Scipy},
  author = {Gommers, Ralf and Virtanen, Pauli and Burovski, Evgeni and Weckesser, Warren and Oliphant, Travis E. and Haberland, Matt and Cournapeau, David and Reddy, Tyler and Alexbrc and Peterson, Pearu and Nelson, Andrew and Wilson, Josh and Endolith and Mayorov, Nikolay and Ilhan Polat and Van Der Walt, Stefan and Roy, Pamphile and Brett, Matthew and Laxalde, Denis and Larson, Eric and Millman, Jarrod and Lars and Peterbell10 and Sakai, Atsushi and Van Mulbregt, Paul and CJ Carey and {Eric-Jones} and Kern, Robert and Kai and Moore, Eric},
  doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.595738},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/595738},
  urldate = {2022-08-09},
  copyright = {Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo}
}

@techreport{GoncalvesJorgeMD979Betabeating2017,
  type = {Accelerators \& {{Technology Sector Note}}},
  title = {{{MD}} 979: {{Beta-beating}} Measurements on Colliding Beams},
  shorttitle = {{{MD}} 979},
  author = {Goncalves Jorge, Patrik and Wegscheider, Andreas and Pieloni, Tatiana and Barranco Garcia, Javier and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio and Fol, Elena and Carlier, Felix Simon and Buffat, Xavier and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime and Valuch, Daniel and Olexa, Jakub and Medrano, Medina and Eduardo, Luis and Langner, Andy Sven},
  year = {2017},
  month = nov,
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2292102},
  urldate = {2018-03-14},
  abstract = {The HL-LHC high brightness beams will give a large {$\beta$}-beating due to the head-on and long-range interactions since a beam-beam parameter of 0.01 per Interaction Point (IP) is expected. The {$\beta$}-heating induced by two head-on collision reaches 15\%. A third IP, i.e. IP8, could bring the {$\beta$}-heating up to 24\%. The aim of the Machine Development (MD) study was to test optics measurements with AC dipole and ADT on colliding beams at injection and to implement a correction of the {$\beta$}-heating due to to head-on collision in the two experiments IP1\&5. Int his note, we summarize the first results of this test performed in the LHC.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Goncalves Jorge et al - 2017 - MD 979 - Beta-beating measurements on colliding beams.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\II6KY7FA\\2292102.html}
}

@inproceedings{GoncalvesJorgeMeasurementBetaBeatingDue2017,
  title = {Measurement of {{Beta-Beating Due}} to {{Strong Head-on Beam-Beam Interactions}} in the {{LHC}}},
  author = {Gon{\c c}alves Jorge, Patrik and Barranco Garc{\'i}a, Javier and Buffat, Xavier and Carlier, Felix and {Coello de Portugal}, Jaime Maria and Fol, Elena and Medina Medrano, Luis and Pieloni, Tatiana and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio and Wegscheider, Andreas},
  year = {2017},
  abstract = {The LHC operation relies on a good knowledge of the optics, usually corrected in absence of beam-beam interactions. In a near future, both the LHC and the HL-LHC will need to cope with large head-on beam-beam parameters, the impact on the optics needs to be understood and, if necessary, corrected. The results of a dedicated experiment performed at injection energy are discussed in this paper},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerators and Storage Rings,dipole,emittance,injection,optics,simulation},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gonçalves Jorge et al - 2017 - Measurement of Beta-Beating Due to Strong Head-on Beam-Beam Interactions in the.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{GorzawskiLuminosityControlBeam2016,
  title = {Luminosity Control and Beam Orbit Stability with Beta Star Leveling at {{LHC}} and {{HL-LHC}}},
  author = {Gorzawski, Arkadiusz Andrzej},
  year = {2016},
  month = dec,
  number = {CERN-THESIS-2016-193},
  doi = {10.5075/epfl-thesis-7338},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2238309},
  urldate = {2021-03-08},
  abstract = {This thesis describes the wide subject of the luminosity leveling and its requirements for the LHC and the HL-LHC. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different leveling methods focusing the thesis on the beta star leveling technique. We review the beams offset build--up due to the environmental (i.e. natural ground motion) and mechanical (i.e. moving quadrupole) sources. We quantify the instrumentation requirements for the reliable and reproducible operation with small offsets at the interaction points. Last but not least, we propose a novel method for the beam offset stabilization at the collision point based on the feedback from the luminosity.},
  langid = {english},
  school = {Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gorzawski - 2016 - Luminosity control and beam orbit stability with beta star leveling at LHC and.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\HWZYNQDR\\2238309.html}
}

@article{GorzawskiProbingLHCHalo2020,
  title = {Probing {{LHC}} Halo Dynamics Using Collimator Loss Rates at 6.5 {{TeV}}},
  author = {Gorzawski, A. and Appleby, R. B. and Giovannozzi, M. and Mereghetti, A. and Mirarchi, D. and Redaelli, S. and Salvachua, B. and Stancari, G. and Valentino, G. and Wagner, J. F.},
  year = {2020},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {044802},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.044802},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.044802},
  urldate = {2020-05-26},
  abstract = {Halo diffusion measurements at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) were conducted with beams for physics at 6.5 TeV by means of collimator scans, carried out between 2016 and 2018. From the time evolution of the beam losses recorded during a collimator scan, in which collimator jaws are moved in steps toward the beam core cutting beam tails, one can extract information on the halo diffusion and its population as a function of the transverse amplitude. In this paper, results of the first scans performed at different beam intensities for both planes and both beams using the primary collimators of the betatron-cleaning system are presented. The scans were performed with squeezed optics and colliding beams after a few hours of regular physics production, during so-called end-of-fill measurements. Beam losses are measured with ionization chambers close to the collimators, which enable 1 and 100 Hz acquisitions, as well as diamond beam loss monitors, which enable turn-by-turn and bunch-by-bunch acquisitions. Parametric fits of a diffusion model are applied to the time profile of losses, for both total and individual bunch intensity. The analysis of the measurements performed in various conditions was used to estimate the diffusion coefficient as a function of the transverse amplitude and the population of LHC beam tails.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gorzawski et al - 2020 - Probing LHC halo dynamics using collimator loss rates at 6.5 TeV.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\49KVWHBW\\PhysRevAccelBeams.23.html}
}

@phdthesis{GravenkampHaukeNumericalMethodsSimulation,
  title = {Numerical Methods for the Simulation of Ultrasonic Guided Waves},
  author = {Gravenkamp, Hauke},
  langid = {english}
}

@book{GravenkampNumericalMethodsSimulation2014,
  title = {Numerical Methods for the Simulation of Ultrasonic Guided Waves},
  author = {Gravenkamp, Hauke},
  year = {2014},
  series = {{{BAM-Dissertationsreihe}}},
  number = {116},
  publisher = {{Bundesanstalt f\"ur Materialforschung und -pr\"ufung (BAM)}},
  address = {{Berlin}},
  isbn = {978-3-9816380-4-2},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {OCLC: 931630659},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Gravenkamp - 2014 - Numerical methods for the simulation of ultrasonic guided waves2.pdf}
}

@book{GriffithsIntroductionElectrodynamics1999,
  title = {Introduction to Electrodynamics},
  author = {Griffiths, David J.},
  year = {1999},
  edition = {3rd ed},
  publisher = {{Prentice Hall}},
  address = {{Upper Saddle River, N.J}},
  isbn = {978-0-13-805326-0},
  lccn = {QC680 .G74 1999},
  keywords = {Electrodynamics},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Griffiths - 1999 - Introduction to electrodynamics.pdf}
}

@misc{GriffithsIntroductionElectrodynamicsSolution1999,
  title = {Introduction to Electrodynamics - {{Solution Manual}}},
  author = {Griffiths, David J.},
  year = {1999},
  publisher = {{Prentice Hall}},
  lccn = {QC680 .G74 1999},
  keywords = {Electrodynamics},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Griffiths - 1999 - Introduction to electrodynamics - Solution Manual.pdf}
}

@techreport{GroteLHCDynamicAperture1999,
  title = {{{LHC Dynamic Aperture}} at {{Collision}}},
  author = {Grote, H and Schmidt, F and Leunissen, L H A},
  year = {1999},
  month = aug,
  pages = {12},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/691988},
  abstract = {The LHC dynamic aperture in collision is constrained mainly by the beam\textendash beam encounters, and by the field errors in the low\textendash beta triplet quadrupoles. The field errors were taken from the table valid on March 15, 1999, and have been corrected with a corrector scheme similar to the one proposed by BNL. The correction algorithm is explained, and the resulting dynamic aperture is shown including a variation of the crossing angle and the {$\beta{_\ast}$}.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Grote et al - LHC Dynamic Aperture at Collision.pdf}
}

@techreport{GuignardGeneralTheoryAll1975,
  title = {The General Theory of All Sum and Difference Resonances in a Three-Dimensional Magnetic Field in a Synchrotron, Pt 1},
  author = {Guignard, Gilbert},
  year = {1975},
  month = apr,
  journal = {CERN Document Server},
  number = {ISR-MA-75-23},
  institution = {{SIS-75-2337}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/695942},
  urldate = {2021-04-12},
  abstract = {Guignard, Gilbert},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Guignard - 1975 - The general theory of all sum and difference resonances in a three-dimensional.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\NXPU9KNP\\695942.html}
}

@article{GuoBetatronPhaseNonlinear2018,
  title = {Betatron Phase and Nonlinear Lattice Correction},
  author = {Guo, Weiming and Hidaka, Yoshiteru and Willeke, Ferdinand and Yang, Xi},
  year = {2018},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams},
  volume = {21},
  number = {8},
  pages = {081001},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.081001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.081001},
  urldate = {2018-08-13},
  abstract = {Betatron phase measured from excited oscillation can be used to correct the beta function and the nonlinear lattice. With an improved algorithm the measurement precision has achieved 1 mrad (rms), or equivalently, 0.3\% of beta beat at NSLS-II. The beta beating can be corrected to 1\% in less than half an hour. This precise technique can be applied to the nonlinear lattice correction as well. The betatron phase probed by an off-axis beam provides information on the sextupole strength. In comparison with the model the nominal strength can be restored. It was shown that the proposed scheme treated all the leading order resonance driving terms generated by sextupoles, as well as the detuning terms and the nonlinear chromaticity. At NSLS-II a half percent sextupole correction led to a 15\% increase of the dynamic aperture.},
  keywords = {read},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Guo et al - 2018 - Betatron phase and nonlinear lattice correction.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\UUUWYRCA\\PhysRevAccelBeams.21.html}
}

@phdthesis{HaererLatticeDesignBeam2017,
  title = {{Lattice design and beam optics calculations for the new large-scale electron-positron collider FCC-ee}},
  author = {Haerer, Bastian},
  year = {2017},
  langid = {ngerman},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Haerer - 2017 - Lattice design and beam optics calculations for the new large-scale.pdf}
}

@article{HalkoFindingStructureRandomness2011,
  title = {Finding {{Structure}} with {{Randomness}}: {{Probabilistic Algorithms}} for {{Constructing Approximate Matrix Decompositions}}},
  shorttitle = {Finding {{Structure}} with {{Randomness}}},
  author = {Halko, N. and Martinsson, P. and Tropp, J.},
  year = {2011},
  month = jan,
  journal = {SIAM Rev.},
  volume = {53},
  number = {2},
  pages = {217--288},
  issn = {0036-1445},
  doi = {10.1137/090771806},
  url = {https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/090771806},
  urldate = {2018-03-07},
  abstract = {Low-rank matrix approximations, such as the truncated singular value decomposition and the rank-revealing QR decomposition, play a central role in data analysis and scientific computing. This work surveys and extends recent research which demonstrates that randomization offers a powerful tool for performing low-rank matrix approximation. These techniques exploit modern computational architectures more fully than classical methods and open the possibility of dealing with truly massive data sets. This paper presents a modular framework for constructing randomized algorithms that compute partial matrix decompositions. These methods use random sampling to identify a subspace that captures most of the action of a matrix. The input matrix is then compressed\textemdash either explicitly or implicitly\textemdash to this subspace, and the reduced matrix is manipulated deterministically to obtain the desired low-rank factorization. In many cases, this approach beats its classical competitors in terms of accuracy, robustness, and/or speed. These claims are supported by extensive numerical experiments and a detailed error analysis. The specific benefits of randomized techniques depend on the computational environment. Consider the model problem of finding the k dominant components of the singular value decomposition of an \$m \textbackslash times n\$ matrix. (i) For a dense input matrix, randomized algorithms require \$\textbackslash bigO(mn \textbackslash log(k))\$ floating-point operations (flops) in contrast to \$ \textbackslash bigO(mnk)\$ for classical algorithms. (ii) For a sparse input matrix, the flop count matches classical Krylov subspace methods, but the randomized approach is more robust and can easily be reorganized to exploit multiprocessor architectures. (iii) For a matrix that is too large to fit in fast memory, the randomized techniques require only a constant number of passes over the data, as opposed to \$\textbackslash bigO(k)\$ passes for classical algorithms. In fact, it is sometimes possible to perform matrix approximation with a single pass over the data.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Halko et al - 2011 - Finding Structure with Randomness - Probabilistic Algorithms for Constructing.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\63J7MP5L\\090771806.html}
}

@article{HaririExtendedIsolationForest2018,
  title = {Extended {{Isolation Forest}}},
  author = {Hariri, Sahand and Kind, Matias Carrasco and Brunner, Robert J.},
  year = {2018},
  month = nov,
  journal = {ArXiv181102141 Cs Stat},
  eprint = {1811.02141},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  primaryclass = {cs, stat},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.02141},
  urldate = {2019-01-10},
  abstract = {We present an extension to the model-free anomaly detection algorithm, Isolation Forest. This extension, named Extended Isolation Forest (EIF), improves the consistency and reliability of the anomaly score produced for a given data point. We show that the standard Isolation Forest produces inconsistent scores using score maps. The score maps suffer from an artifact generated as a result of how the criteria for branching operation of the binary tree is selected. We propose two different approaches for improving the situation. First we propose transforming the data randomly before creation of each tree, which results in averaging out the bias introduced in the algorithm. Second, which is the preferred way, is to allow the slicing of the data to use hyperplanes with random slopes. This approach results in improved score maps. We show that the consistency and reliability of the algorithm is much improved using this method by looking at the variance of scores of data points distributed along constant score lines. We find no appreciable difference in the rate of convergence nor in computation time between the standard Isolation Forest and EIF, which highlights its potential as anomaly detection algorithm.},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Machine Learning,Statistics - Machine Learning},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hariri et al - 2018 - Extended Isolation Forest.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\ZNXLEGU5\\1811.html}
}

@article{HarrisArrayProgrammingNumPy2020,
  title = {Array Programming with {{NumPy}}},
  author = {Harris, Charles R. and Millman, K. Jarrod and {van der Walt}, St{\'e}fan J. and Gommers, Ralf and Virtanen, Pauli and Cournapeau, David and Wieser, Eric and Taylor, Julian and Berg, Sebastian and Smith, Nathaniel J. and Kern, Robert and Picus, Matti and Hoyer, Stephan and {van Kerkwijk}, Marten H. and Brett, Matthew and Haldane, Allan and {del R{\'i}o}, Jaime Fern{\'a}ndez and Wiebe, Mark and Peterson, Pearu and {G{\'e}rard-Marchant}, Pierre and Sheppard, Kevin and Reddy, Tyler and Weckesser, Warren and Abbasi, Hameer and Gohlke, Christoph and Oliphant, Travis E.},
  year = {2020},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {585},
  number = {7825},
  pages = {357--362},
  issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2649-2},
  urldate = {2022-05-11},
  abstract = {Abstract                            Array programming provides a powerful, compact and expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating and operating on data in vectors, matrices and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It has an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, materials science, engineering, finance and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves               1               and in the first imaging of a black hole               2               . Here we review how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring and analysing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the scientific Python ecosystem is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Owing to its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly acts as an interoperability layer between such array computation libraries and, together with its application programming interface (API), provides a flexible framework to support the next decade of scientific and industrial analysis.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Harris et al - 2020 - Array programming with NumPy.pdf}
}

@incollection{HauschildLargeHadronCollider2021,
  title = {The {{Large Hadron Collider}} ({{LHC}})},
  booktitle = {Exploring the {{Large Hadron Collider}} - {{CERN}} and the {{Accelerators}}: {{The World Machine Clearly Explained}}},
  author = {Hauschild, Michael},
  editor = {Hauschild, Michael},
  year = {2021},
  series = {Essentials},
  pages = {43--55},
  publisher = {{Springer Fachmedien}},
  address = {{Wiesbaden}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-32726-2_6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32726-2_6},
  urldate = {2021-07-22},
  abstract = {The first thoughts about the LHC were already made in the 1980s, in competition with the US superconducting super collider (SSC) project. After the SSC was cancelled, the way was clear for the construction of the LHC, whose superconducting magnets have to be cooled to a temperature of 1.9 K, colder than the universe, in order to achieve magnetic fields of more than 8 T on a large scale, which had never been achieved before.},
  isbn = {978-3-658-32726-2},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hauschild - 2021 - The Large Hadron Collider (LHC).pdf}
}

@inproceedings{HauskeCombinedCDDGD2011,
  title = {Combined {{CD}} and {{DGD Monitoring Based}} on {{Data-Aided Channel Estimation}}},
  booktitle = {Adv. {{Photonics}} 2011 {{Pap}}. {{SPTuC3}}},
  author = {Hauske, Fabian N. and Ye, Yabin and Monroy, Idelfonso Tafur and Pittala, Fabio and Gonzalez, Neil Guerrero},
  year = {2011},
  month = jun,
  pages = {SPTuC3},
  publisher = {{Optical Society of America}},
  doi = {10.1364/SPPCOM.2011.SPTuC3},
  url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=SPPCom-2011-SPTuC3},
  urldate = {2018-01-16},
  abstract = {By use of a training sequence, fast and robust CD and DGD estimation is demonstrated for a 112 Gbit/s PDM-QPSK system over a wide range of combined channel impairments.},
  copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2011 OSA},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Coherent communications,Fiber optics communications},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hauske et al - 2011 - Combined CD and DGD Monitoring Based on Data-Aided Channel Estimation.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\LZU4EIWI\\abstract.html}
}

@inproceedings{HauskeNovelTrendsPerformance2012,
  title = {Novel Trends in Performance Monitoring},
  booktitle = {Opt. {{Fiber Commun}}. {{Conf}}. {{Expo}}. {{OFCNFOEC}} 2012 {{Natl}}. {{Fiber Opt}}. {{Eng}}. {{Conf}}.},
  author = {Hauske, Fabian N. and Stassar, P. J.},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1--3},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hauske et al - 2012 - Novel trends in performance monitoring.pdf}
}

@article{HauskeOpticalPerformanceMonitoring2009,
  title = {Optical {{Performance Monitoring}} in {{Digital Coherent Receivers}}},
  author = {Hauske, F.N. and Kuschnerov, M. and Spinnler, B. and Lankl, B.},
  year = {2009},
  month = aug,
  journal = {J. Light. Technol.},
  volume = {27},
  number = {16},
  pages = {3623--3631},
  issn = {0733-8724, 1558-2213},
  doi = {10.1109/JLT.2009.2024960},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5071201/},
  urldate = {2018-01-09},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hauske et al - 2009 - Optical Performance Monitoring in Digital Coherent Receivers.pdf}
}

@article{HelliwellEvolutionSynchrotronRadiation2012,
  title = {The Evolution of Synchrotron Radiation and the Growth of Its Importance in Crystallography},
  author = {Helliwell, John R.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Crystallogr. Rev.},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1},
  pages = {33--93},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Helliwell - 2012 - The evolution of synchrotron radiation and the growth of its importance in.pdf}
}

@techreport{HerrConceptLuminosity,
  title = {Concept of {{Luminosity}}},
  author = {Herr, Werner and Muratori, Bruno},
  doi = {10.5170/CERN-2006-002.361},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/941318},
  urldate = {2021-03-14},
  abstract = {The performance of particle colliders is usually quanti ed by the beam energy and the luminosity. We derive the expressions for the luminosity in case of bunched beams in terms of the beam parameters and the geometry. The implications of additional features such as crossing angle, offsets and hourglass effect on the luminosity are calculated. Important operational aspects like integrated luminosity, space and time structure of interactions etc. are discussed. The measurement of luminosity for e+e- as well as hadron colliders and the methods for the calibration of the absolute luminosity are described.},
  file = {C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\GGZYKXUP\\p361.pdf}
}

@techreport{HerrMathematicalNumericalMethods2018,
  title = {Mathematical and {{Numerical Methods}} for {{Non-linear Beam Dynamics}}},
  author = {Herr, Werner},
  year = {2018},
  eprint = {2006.09052},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  address = {{CERN Accelerator School}},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09052},
  urldate = {2020-07-23},
  abstract = {One of the most severe limitations in particle accelerators and beam transport are non-linear effects. Techniques to study and possibly suppress some of these detrimental effects exist, the most popular are based on particle tracking and its analysis. This lecture is an introduction to the topic, shows some of the problems and presents several contemporary tools to treat them using a systematic and consistent approach.},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  keywords = {Physics - Accelerator Physics},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Herr - 2020 - Mathematical and Numerical Methods for Non-linear Beam Dynamics.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\G4W9ZZQC\\2006.html}
}

@incollection{HerrNonlinearDynamicsAccelerators2020,
  title = {Non-Linear {{Dynamics}} in {{Accelerators}}},
  booktitle = {Particle {{Physics Reference Library}} : {{Volume}} 3: {{Accelerators}} and {{Colliders}}},
  author = {Herr, Werner and Forest, Etienne},
  editor = {Myers, Stephen and Schopper, Herwig},
  year = {2020},
  pages = {51--104},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  address = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_3},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_3},
  urldate = {2020-06-29},
  abstract = {Non-linear effects in accelerator physics are important both during the design stage and for successful operation of accelerators. Since both of these aspects are closely related, they will be treated together in this overview. Some of the most important aspects are well described by methods established in other areas of physics and mathematics. Given the scope of this handbook, the treatment will be focused on the problems in accelerators used for particle physics experiments. Although the main emphasis will be on accelerator physics issues, some of the aspects of more general interest will be discussed. In particular to demonstrate that in recent years a framework has been built to handle the complex problems in a consistent form, technically superior and conceptually simpler than the traditional techniques. The need to understand the stability of particle beams has substantially contributed to the development of new techniques and is an important source of examples which can be verified experimentally. Unfortunately the documentation of these developments is often poor or even unpublished, in many cases only available as lectures or conference proceedings.},
  isbn = {978-3-030-34245-6},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Herr et al - 2020 - Non-linear Dynamics in Accelerators.pdf}
}

@book{HerrProceedingsCASCERN2014,
  title = {Proceedings / {{CAS}}, the {{CERN Accelerator School Advanced Accelerator Physics}}: {{Trondheim}}, {{Norway}}, 18 - 29 {{August}} 2013},
  shorttitle = {Proceedings / {{CAS}}, the {{CERN Accelerator School Advanced Accelerator Physics}}},
  editor = {Herr, Werner and {Course on Advanced Accelerator Physics}},
  year = {2014},
  series = {{{CERN}}},
  number = {2014,9},
  publisher = {{CERN}},
  address = {{Geneva}},
  isbn = {978-92-9083-411-3},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {OCLC: 936208463},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Herr et al - 2014 - Proceedings - CAS, the CERN Accelerator School Advanced Accelerator Physics.pdf}
}

@misc{HLLHCD1Errortable,
  title = {{{HL-LHC D1 Errortable}} V1},
  url = {/afs/cern.ch/eng/lhc/optics/HLLHCV1.3/errors/D1_errortable_v1}
}

@misc{HLLHCMQXFErrortable,
  title = {{{HL-LHC MQXF Errortable}} v5, {{Files}}: {{ITbody}}\_errortable\_v5, {{ITnc}}\_errortable\_v5, {{ITcs}}\_errortable\_v5},
  url = {/afs/cern.ch/eng/lhc/optics/HLLHCV1.3/errors/}
}

@inproceedings{HoferDynamicApertureInjection2019,
  title = {Dynamic {{Aperture}} at {{Injection Energy}} for the {{HE-LHC}}},
  booktitle = {{{IPAC}}'19},
  author = {Hofer, M and Giovannozzi, M and Keintzel, J and Tom{\'a}s, R and Zimmermann, F and {van Riesen-Haupt}, L},
  year = {2019},
  pages = {4},
  address = {{Melbourne, Australia}},
  abstract = {As part of the Future Circular Collider study, the High Energy LHC (HE-LHC) is a proposed hadron collider situated in the already existing LHC tunnel. It aims at achieving a center of mass energy of 27 TeV, almost doubling the design c.o.m. energy of the LHC. This increase in energy relies on the use of 16 T Nb3Sn dipoles to be developed for the FCC-hh. The field quality of these dipoles is expected to have a big impact on the Dynamic Aperture (DA) at injection energy and subsequently tracking studies are conducted to evaluate the impact of magnetic field errors on the beam dynamics. In the following the results of these studies for the different injection energies considered for the HE-LHC are presented and a possible strategy for increasing the DA is discussed.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hofer et al - 2019 - Dynamic Aperture at Injection Energy for the HE-LHC.pdf}
}

@article{HoferEffectLocalLinear2020,
  title = {Effect of Local Linear Coupling on Linear and Nonlinear Observables in Circular Accelerators},
  author = {Hofer, M. and Tom{\'a}s, R.},
  year = {2020},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams},
  volume = {23},
  number = {9},
  pages = {094001},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.094001},
  url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.094001},
  urldate = {2020-12-02},
  abstract = {Operation of particle accelerators and correction of unavoidable magnet or alignment errors critically depend on the assessment of both global and local observables such as tune or resonance driving terms. With most of the observables being a sum of different error sources, careful disentangling is necessary in order to establish an optimal correction and allow for smooth operation. In the LHC, linear coupling has been proven to have a major impact on the beam dynamics and is taken to be one of the main sources of uncertainty when establishing corrections. In this paper an approach to evaluate the change of the Hamiltonian terms with linear coupling is presented. The validity of derived equations is demonstrated on a number of observables and benchmarked against simulations.},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hofer et al - 2020 - Effect of local linear coupling on linear and nonlinear observables in circular.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\ZYH5K7HM\\PhysRevAccelBeams.23.html}
}

@inproceedings{HoferKModulationFutureHigh2019,
  title = {K-{{Modulation}} in {{Future High Energy Colliders}}},
  booktitle = {{{IPAC}}'19},
  author = {Hofer, Michael and Carlier, Felix Simon and Tom{\'a}s, Rogelio},
  year = {2019},
  address = {{Melbourne, Australia}},
  url = {http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/ipac2019/papers/mopmp022.pdf},
  urldate = {2019-07-08},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hofer et al - 2019 - K-Modulation in Future High Energy Colliders.pdf}
}

@techreport{HoferMD3603Dynamic2020,
  type = {Accelerators \& {{Technology Sector Note}}},
  title = {{{MD}} 3603: {{Dynamic Aperture}} with Uncorrected Dipole B3},
  shorttitle = {{{MD}} 3603},
  author = {Hofer, Michael and Maclean, Ewen Hamish and Malina, Lukas and Solfaroli Camillocci, Matteo and Tomas Garcia, Rogelio and Fol, Elena and Wegscheider, Andreas and {Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso}, Ana and {Coello De Portugal - Martinez Vazquez}, Jaime Maria and Carlier, Felix Simon and Dilly, Joschua Werner and Persson, Tobias Hakan Bjorn},
  year = {2020},
  month = sep,
  number = {CERN-ACC-NOTE-2020-0049},
  institution = {{CERN}},
  url = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/2733022},
  urldate = {2021-01-06},
  abstract = {The hadron collider options currently investigated as part of the FCC study rely on the use of dipoles with a field strength of 16 T or above in order to achieve the targeted collision energy. From simulations of the current design of these dipoles, a systematic sextupole component of up to factor 10 larger than in the LHC dipoles could be present in these magnets. A similar systematic mispowering of the corrector circuits as is assumed in the LHC may thus have a significantly larger impact on the dynamic aperture and in turn potentially also on the operational performance. During this MD, the dynamic aperture in the presence of large sextupole fields in the LHC at injection energy was measured. By deliberately mispowering the sextupole spool pieces attached to each dipole, a large systematic b3 component is generated and the subsequent change in chromaticity is corrected by the chromaticity sextupoles. Using both the aperture kicker and the AC-dipole as exciters, free and forced dynamic aperture as well as amplitude detuning were measured. Additional linear optics measurements provide insight into the contributions to coupling from the sextupole spool pieces.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hofer et al - 2020 - MD 3603.pdf;C\:\\Users\\Josch\\Zotero\\storage\\GB4XSY65\\2733022.html}
}

@techreport{HoferNonlinearOpticsMeasurements2021,
  type = {Accelerators \& {{Technology Sector Note}}},
  title = {Nonlinear Optics Measurements in {{IOTA}}},
  author = {Hofer, Michael and Tomas Garcia, Rogelio and Stancari, Giulio and Romanov, Aleksandr and Kuklev, Nikita and Szustkowski, Sebastian and Valishev, Alexander},
  year = {2021},
  number = {CERN-ACC-NOTE-2021-0010},
  doi = {10.2172/1779489},
  url = {http://cds.cern.ch/record/2758834},
  abstract = {Nonlinear integrable optics is a recently proposed accelerator lattice design approach which allows to generate an amplitude dependent tune shift which is needed in high brightness accelerators to mitigate fast coherent instabilities. Whereas usually octupoles are used to achieve this task, this concept allows doing so without exciting any resonances, in turn preventing any particle loss. The concept is based around a special magnet design, together with specific constraints on the optics of the accelerator. To study such a system, the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) was recently constructed and commissioned at Fermilab. For the assessment of the performance of this concept, good knowledge of the optics and the (non-)linear dynamics without the special magnet is of key importance. As such, measurements were conducted in the IOTA ring, using the captured turn-by-turn data by the beam position monitors after excitation to infer quantities such as amplitude detuning and resonance driving terms. In this note, first results of these measurements are presented},
  collaborator = {CERN. Geneva. ATS Department},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerators and Storage Rings,Integrable Optics Test Accelerator,IOTA; Integrable Optics Test Accelerator},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hofer et al - 2021 - Nonlinear optics measurements in IOTA.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{HoferOpticsDesignLow2017,
  title = {Optics {{Design}} for the {{Low Luminosity Experiments}} in the {{FCC-hh}}},
  author = {Hofer, Michael},
  year = {2017},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Following the recommendation of the European Strategy Group for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched by CERN to investigate circular collider designs for a post-LHC era. Among the studied collider designs is a hadron- collider option aiming to collide proton at a center of mass energy of 100 TeV. This hadron collider option (FCC-hh) follows a similar layout as the LHC with two high luminosity experimental insertions, meant to complement each other and two low lumi- nosity experiments. This thesis studies the option of combining these low luminosity experiments with the injection in the FCC-hh. Using a contrary design approach to the combined insertion in the LHC and taking into account the constraint from the injection a layout was developed. The goal when developing the beam optics for the insertion was to achieve the lowest possible beam size in the interaction point to guarantee a high event rate. Furthermore, the impact of magnetic field errors in the magnets of this insertion on the beam stability was studied and are discussed in this thesis. In addition, a possible strategy is then presented which would allow to further increase the event rate},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accelerators and Storage Rings},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hofer - Optics Design for the Low Luminosity Experiments in the FCC-hh.pdf}
}

@incollection{HofmannCosmicParticleAccelerators2020,
  title = {Cosmic {{Particle Accelerators}}},
  booktitle = {Particle {{Physics Reference Library}} : {{Volume}} 3: {{Accelerators}} and {{Colliders}}},
  author = {Hofmann, W. and Hinton, J. A.},
  editor = {Myers, Stephen and Schopper, Herwig},
  year = {2020},
  pages = {827--863},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  address = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_13},
  urldate = {2020-06-29},
  abstract = {In the century since the measurements of Victor Hess [1]\textemdash considered as the discovery of cosmic rays\textemdash the properties of cosmic rays, as they arrive on Earth, have been studied in remarkable detail; we know their energy spectrum, extending to 1020 eV, their elemental composition, their angular distribution, and we understand the basic energetic requirements of cosmic ray production in the Galaxy.},
  isbn = {978-3-030-34245-6},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hofmann et al - 2020 - Cosmic Particle Accelerators.pdf}
}

@incollection{HolzerDesignPrinciplesSynchrotrons2020,
  title = {Design and {{Principles}} of {{Synchrotrons}} and {{Circular Colliders}}},
  booktitle = {Particle {{Physics Reference Library}} : {{Volume}} 3: {{Accelerators}} and {{Colliders}}},
  author = {Holzer, B. J. and Goddard, B. and Herr, Werner and Muratori, Bruno and Rivkin, L. and Biagini, M. E. and Jowett, J. M. and Hanke, K. and Fischer, W. and Caspers, F. and M{\"o}hl, D.},
  editor = {Myers, Stephen and Schopper, Herwig},
  year = {2020},
  pages = {205--294},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  address = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_6},
  urldate = {2020-06-29},
  abstract = {Lattice design in the context we will describe it here is the design and optimization of the principle elements\textemdash the lattice cells\textemdash of a circular accelerator, and it includes the dedicated variation of the accelerator elements (as for example position and strength of the magnets in the machine) to obtain well defined and predictable parameters of the stored particle beam. It is therefore closely related to the theory of linear beam optics that has been described in Chap. 2 [1].},
  isbn = {978-3-030-34245-6},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Holzer et al - 2020 - Design and Principles of Synchrotrons and Circular Colliders.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{HoshidaAdvancedFeasibleSignal2013,
  title = {Advanced and Feasible Signal Processing Algorithm for Nonlinear Mitigation},
  booktitle = {Opt. {{Fiber Commun}}. {{Conf}}.},
  author = {Hoshida, Takeshi and Dou, Liang and Yan, Weizhen and Li, Lei and Tao, Zhenning and Oda, Shoichiro and Nakashima, Hisao and Ohshima, Chihiro and Oyama, Tomofumi and Rasmussen, Jens C.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {OTh3C--3},
  publisher = {{Optical Society of America}},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hoshida et al - 2013 - Advanced and feasible signal processing algorithm for nonlinear mitigation.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{HoshidaDigitalNonlinearCompensation2014,
  title = {Digital Nonlinear Compensation for Spectrally Efficient Superchannel Transmission at {{400Gbit}}/s and Beyond},
  booktitle = {Opt. {{Commun}}. {{ECOC}} 2014 {{Eur}}. {{Conf}}. {{On}}},
  author = {Hoshida, Takeshi and Tanimura, Takahito and Oyama, Tomofumi and Oda, Shoichiro and Nakashima, Hisao and Fan, Yangyang and Dou, Liang and Tao, Zhenning and Rasmussen, Jens C.},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {1--3},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hoshida et al - 2014 - Digital nonlinear compensation for spectrally efficient superchannel.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{HoshidaRecentProgressNonlinear2010,
  title = {Recent Progress on Nonlinear Compensation Technique in Digital Coherent Receiver},
  booktitle = {Opt. {{Fiber Commun}}. {{Conf}}.},
  author = {Hoshida, Takeshi and Tanimura, Takahito and Oda, Shoichiro and Tanaka, Toshiki and Nakashima, Hisao and Tao, Zhenning and Li, Lei and Liu, Ling and Yan, Weizhen and Rasmussen, Jens C.},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {OTuE5},
  publisher = {{Optical Society of America}},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hoshida et al - 2010 - Recent progress on nonlinear compensation technique in digital coherent receiver.pdf}
}

@techreport{HostettlerPilotBeamTest2021,
  title = {Pilot {{Beam Test}} 2021 Summary},
  author = {Hostettler, Michi},
  year = {2021},
  month = nov,
  address = {{Evian Les Bains, France}},
  url = {https://indico.cern.ch/event/1077835/contributions/4533367/attachments/2350863/4009681/2021_Evian_BeamTest.pdf},
  langid = {english},
  file = {G\:\\My Drive\\Papers\\Hostettler - 2021 - Pilot Beam Test 2021 summary.pdf},
  type = {10th {{LHC Operations}} "{{Evian}}" {{Workshop}}}
}

@incollection{HubnerLargestAcceleratorsColliders2020,
  title = {The {{Largest Accelerators}} and {{Colliders}} of {{Their Time}}},
  booktitle = {Particle {{Physics Reference Library}} : {{Volume}} 3: {{Accelerators}} and {{Colliders}}},
  author = {H{\"u}bner, K. and Ivanov, S. and Steerenberg, R. and Roser, T. and Seeman, J. and Oide, K. and Mess, Karl Hubert and Schm{\"u}ser, Peter and Bailey, R. and Wenninger, J.},
  editor = {Myers, Stephen and Schopper, Herwig},
  year = {2020},
  pages = {585--660},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  address = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_10},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_10},
  urldate = {2020-06-29},
  abstract = {The Study Group for a GeV-scale Proton Synchrotron was launched in 1952 at CERN. Initially, an up-scaled version of the 3 GeV Cosmotron was considered but soon a new design based on the newly discovered alternating-gradient principle and promising a proton energy of 30 GeV was adopted by the CERN Council in the same year. In order to limit cost the energy was subsequently limited to 25 GeV and the

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

gha_license_id: MIT

extension: bib