text:
ENERGY SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{170-175}},
Note = {{7th IASTED International Multi-Conference on Power and Energy Systems,
   PALM SPRINGS, CA, FEB 24-26, 2003}},
Organization = {{Int Assoc Sci \& Technol Dev; IEEE Power Elect Soc}},
Abstract = {{In this paper, an input-output decomposition model has been developed to
   examine the factors which affect the economy-wide CO2 emission changes
   due to considering independent power producers (IPPs) in the Indonesian
   power sector during 2003-2017. There are four major components that
   affect the total economy-wide change in CO2 emissions, i.e., fuel mix-,
   structural-, final demand-and joint-effects. The results show that
   considering IPPs in power sector planning in Indonesia would mitigate
   the CO2 emissions. The CO2 mitigations would increase if the length of
   contract between IPPs and the existing utility is increased. The CO2
   mitigations would increase 2.1 times higher if the duration of contract
   is increased from 5 to 15 years. Of the total CO2 mitigations, the fuel
   mix- and structural-effects would increase the CO2 mitigations, however,
   the final demand- and joint-effect would act in the opposite direction
   under all duration of contract cases.}},
Publisher = {{ACTA PRESS}},
Address = {{B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA}},
Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Marpaung, COP (Corresponding Author), Univ Kristen Indonesia, Jalan Mayjen Sutoyo, Jakarta 13630, Indonesia.
   Univ Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta 13630, Indonesia.}},
ISBN = {{0-88986-335-0}},
Keywords = {{IPP; input-output; CO2 emissions}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POLLUTION}},
Research-Areas = {{Energy \& Fuels; Engineering}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Energy \& Fuels; Engineering, Electrical \& Electronic}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Miyatake, Masafumi/R-5307-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Miyatake, Masafumi/0000-0002-0565-1836}},
Cited-References = {{{*}BAD PUS STAT, 1999, TAB INP OUTP IND 199.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BX79P}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186471800031}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000181916000001,
Author = {Feldstein, SB},
Title = {{The dynamics of NAO teleconnection pattern growth and decay}},
Journal = {{QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{129}},
Number = {{589, C}},
Pages = {{901-924}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{This investigation performs both :diagnostic analyses with NCEP/NCAR
   re-analysis data and forced, barotropic model calculations to examine
   the dynamical mechanisms associated with the growth and decay of the
   North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection pattern. The diagnostic
   calculations include projection and composite analyses of each term in
   the stream-function-tendency equation.
   The results of the analyses reveal a complete life cycle of growth and
   decay within approximately two weeks. The positive NAO phase is found to
   develop after anomalous wavetrain propagation across the North Pacific
   to the east coast of North America. This contrasts with the negative NAO
   phase which appeared to develop in situ.
   Both high-frequency (period < 10 days) and low-frequency (period > 10
   days) transient eddy fluxes drive the NAO growth. After the NAO anomaly
   attains its maximum amplitude, the high-frequency transient eddy fluxes
   continue to drive the NAO anomaly in a manner that is consistent with a
   positive feedback process. The decay of the NAO occurs through both-the
   divergence term and the low-frequency transient eddy fluxes. The
   temporal and spatial properties of the divergence term are found to be
   consistent with Ekman pumping. These results illustrate many important
   differences between the NAO and Pacific/North American (PNA)
   teleconnection patterns, perhaps most striking being that the NAO life
   cycle is dominated by nonlinear processes, whereas the PNA evolution is
   primarily linear, In addition, the relation between the NAO and the
   zonal index is discussed.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Feldstein, SB (Corresponding Author), Penn State Univ, EMS Environm Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   Penn State Univ, EMS Environm Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1256/qj.02.76}},
ISSN = {{0035-9009}},
Keywords = {{intraseasonal variability; zonal index}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; ZONAL INDEX;
   ARCTIC OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; EDDY FEEDBACK;
   SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; INTERANNUAL SEESAW; ICELANDIC
   LOWS}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{sbf@essc.psu.edu}},
Cited-References = {{Ambaum MHP, 2001, J CLIMATE, V14, P3495, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3495:AOONAO>2.0.CO;2.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
Times-Cited = {{177}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
Journal-ISO = {{Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{661XW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000181916000001}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188695700002,
Author = {Kucera, D and Milberg, W},
Title = {{Deindustrialization and changes in manufacturing trade: Factor content
   calculations for 1978-1995}},
Journal = {{REVIEW OF WORLD ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{139}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{601-624}},
Abstract = {{Input-output analysis is used to estimate the labor content embodied in
   changes in manufacturing output resulting from changing patterns of
   manufacturing trade. For ten OECD countries from the late 1970s to the
   mid-1990s, changes in world trade of manufactures are estimated to have
   had a negative net effect on manufacturing employment of 3.5 million
   jobs, 2.0 million in the US alone, compared to a 6.2 million decline in
   actual manufacturing employment. The employment losses resulted mainly
   from North-South trade. At the industry level, there were large losses
   in labor-intensive industries and in industries that were strategically
   targeted by developing country industrial policies. There were
   employment losses in nearly all manufacturing industries, not a mixture
   of winners and losers. Such a pattern may result not from surging
   imports from the South but rather declining exports to the South in the
   aftermath of the 1980s debt crisis. JEL no. F14, F16, O24.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Milberg, W (Corresponding Author), New Sch Univ, Dept Econ, 65 5th Ave, New York, NY 10003 USA.
   New Sch Univ, Dept Econ, New York, NY 10003 USA.
   Int Inst Labour Studies, Int Labor Org, Geneva, Switzerland.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/BF02653106}},
ISSN = {{1610-2878}},
EISSN = {{1610-2886}},
Keywords = {{international trade; deindustrialization; factor content analysis}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; International Relations}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; International Relations}},
Author-Email = {{milbergw@newschool.edu}},
Cited-References = {{Krugman P., 1996, POP INT.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
Times-Cited = {{22}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{Rev. World Econ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{769YU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188695700002}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000186628100014,
Author = {Reljin, B and Reljin, I and Jovanovic, G},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE
   IEEE}},
Title = {{Signal processing methods in analysing of spatial-temporal climate data}},
Booktitle = {{SCS 2003: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNALS, CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS
   1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{49-52}},
Note = {{International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, IASI, ROMANIA,
   JUL 10-11, 2003}},
Organization = {{Tech Univ Iasi, Fac Elect \& Telecommun Gh Asachi; IEEE Romania Sect CAS
   Chapter; IEEE, CAS Soc}},
Abstract = {{Climate data fields are characterized by a large amount of information
   (having, usually, many non-dominant patterns), multivariability, and
   non-linear nature. Several statistical and signal processing methods are
   applied in analyzing such of data - some of them are used here in
   analyzing of climate in the region of Serbia and Montenegro. The
   teleconnection with the two major generators of the global climate
   variability: the ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) and the NAO (North
   Atlantic Oscillation) is approved.}},
Publisher = {{IEEE}},
Address = {{345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA}},
Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Reljin, B (Corresponding Author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Elect Engn, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
   Univ Belgrade, Fac Elect Engn, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia.}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-7979-9}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; EVENTS}},
Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical \&
   Electronic; Telecommunications}},
Cited-References = {{Cavazos T, 2000, J CLIMATE, V13, P1718, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1718:USOMTI>2.0.CO;2.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
Times-Cited = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{0}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BX84L}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186628100014}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000183461000004,
Author = {Camberlin, P and Okoola, RE},
Title = {{The onset and cessation of the ``long rains{''} in eastern Africa and
   their interannual variability}},
Journal = {{THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{75}},
Number = {{1-2}},
Pages = {{43-54}},
Abstract = {{Thirty years (1958-1987) of daily rainfall data for Kenya and north
   eastern Tanzania are analysed with the aim to characterize the
   interannual variability of the onset and cessation of the East African
   ``long rains{''} (boreal spring). The leading principal component (PC1)
   depicts consistent rainfall variations over much of the region.
   Cumulative PC1 scores for each year serve to identify onset and
   cessation dates. The robustness of the dates derived from this method is
   demonstrated through the use of an independent sample of stations. Their
   spatial representativity is assessed by daily rainfall composites.
   Average onset occurs on March 25(th), and cessation on May 21(st). The
   interannual variability of the onset (standard deviation of 14.5 days)
   is larger than that of the withdrawal (10.3 days), but the onset is also
   spatially much more consistent. Mean dates and dates in selected
   anomalous years agree well with previous studies.
   The relationship between onset time-series and large-scale atmospheric
   and oceanic fields is analysed. On a monthly time-scale, interannual
   variations in ``long rains{''} onset are associated with sea-surface
   temperature (SST) and sea-level pressure (SLP) patterns that have a
   different sign for the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. A warm South Atlantic
   and a cool Indian Ocean are associated with low and high SLP anomalies,
   respectively. These patterns are conducive to enhanced equatorial
   easterlies and surface divergence over East Africa. This maintains the
   meridional branch (north-south orientated) of the Intertropical
   Convergence Zone (ITCZ) further west, and the net result is a delayed
   onset of the ``long rains{''}. Some of the South Atlantic features are
   already present during January-February, suggesting some potential for
   monitoring interannual variations in the wet season onset, based on SST
   and SLP patterns. Additional signals are found over Europe and the
   Mediterranean Sea in terms of the interaction between the Northern
   Hemisphere extratropics and equatorial eastern Africa. A surge in the
   mid-tropospheric northerlies at this time induces instability that may
   lead to an early onset event.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN}},
Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Camberlin, P (Corresponding Author), Univ Bourgogne, Ctr Rech Climatol, CNRS, UMR 5080, 6 Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France.
   Univ Bourgogne, Ctr Rech Climatol, CNRS, UMR 5080, F-21000 Dijon, France.
   Univ Nairobi, Dept Meteorol, Nairobi, Kenya.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00704-002-0721-5}},
ISSN = {{0177-798X}},
Keywords-Plus = {{HEMISPHERE SPRING SEASON; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
   RAINFALL; KENYA; ANOMALIES; ATLANTIC; PATTERNS; TELECONNECTION;
   OSCILLATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Camberlin, Pierre/0000-0003-4896-2332}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
Times-Cited = {{79}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
Journal-ISO = {{Theor. Appl. Climatol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{688WV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000183461000004}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000180436400004,
Author = {Chang, YS and An, HS and Jeon, D and Nam, JC and Seo, JW},
Title = {{El Nino signals contained in precipitation at the East China Sea}},
Journal = {{CLIMATE RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{31-38}},
Month = {{DEC 20}},
Abstract = {{In general, El Nino signals can be easily identified in the tropical
   Pacific Ocean but not in the East China Sea, due to the complexity of
   the monsoon system and insufficient knowledge of El Nino effects in
   mid-latitudinal regions. In this study interannual variability of
   precipitation at the East China Sea is analyzed. Regional correlation
   and the spatial distribution of interannual variation of precipitation
   are also analyzed in order to confirm the teleconnection pattern. Most
   of the rainfall stations located in the southern area of Korea show
   significant biennial and interannual. cycles with 2 to 8 yr periodicity.
   As for the wavelet analysis, it was found that the periods of
   significant maximum power spectrum corresponded with historical El Nino
   episodes, especially when a strong El Nino/La Nina was repeated. Maximum
   positive correlation appears between the Nino3 region (equatorial
   eastern Pacific) and the East China Sea at a time lag of about 4 mo.
   This correlation tendency can be confirmed in the second mode of
   Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis explaining the strong El Nino
   event. These results also suggest variation in upper wind fields such as
   the Hadley circulation and East Asia jet stream.}},
Publisher = {{INTER-RESEARCH}},
Address = {{NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Chang, YS (Corresponding Author), Meteorol Res Inst, Marine Meteorol \& Earthquake Res Lab, Seoul 156720, South Korea.
   Meteorol Res Inst, Marine Meteorol \& Earthquake Res Lab, Seoul 156720, South Korea.
   Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
   Korea Ocean Res \& Dev Inst, Ocean Environm \& Climate Div, Seoul 425600, South Korea.}},
DOI = {{10.3354/cr023031}},
ISSN = {{0936-577X}},
Keywords = {{precipitation; El Nino; teleconnection; wavelet; correlation; EOF; upper
   wind}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PATTERNS; PACIFIC}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Chang, You-Soon/0000-0002-8625-1876}},
Cited-References = {{GLANTZ M, 1991, TELECONNECTIONS LINK.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{Clim. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{636CF}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180436400004}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000179861100058,
Author = {Kopp-Scheinpflug, C and Dehmel, S and Dorrscheidt, GJ and Rubsamen, R},
Title = {{Interaction of excitation and inhibition in Anteroventral cochlear
   nucleus neurons that receive large endbulb synaptic endings}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{24}},
Pages = {{11004-11018}},
Month = {{DEC 15}},
Abstract = {{Spherical bushy cells (SBCs) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus
   (AVCN) receive their main excitatory input from auditory nerve fibers
   (ANFs) through large synapses, endbulbs of Held. These cells are also
   the target of inhibitory inputs whose function is not well understood.
   The present study examines the role of inhibition in the encoding of
   low-frequency sounds in the gerbil's AVCN. The presynaptic action
   potentials of endbulb terminals and postsynaptic action potentials of
   SBCs were monitored simultaneously in extracellular single-unit
   recordings in vivo. An input-output analysis of presynaptic and
   postsynaptic activity was performed for both spontaneous and
   acoustically driven activity. Two-tone stimulation and
   neuropharmacological experiments allowed the effects of neuronal
   inhibition and cochlear suppression on SBC activity to be distinguished.
   Ninety-one percent of SBCs showed significant neuronal inhibition.
   Inhibitory sidebands enclosed the high- or low-frequency, or both, sides
   of the excitatory areas of these units; this was reflected as a
   presynaptic to postsynaptic increase in frequency selectivity of up to
   one octave. Inhibition also affected the level-dependent responses at
   the characteristic frequency. Although in all units the presynaptic
   recordings showed monotonic rate-level functions, this was the case in
   only half of the postsynaptic recordings. In the other half of SBCs,
   postsynaptic inhibitory areas overlapped the excitatory areas, resulting
   in nonmonotonic rate-level functions. The results demonstrate that the
   sound-evoked spike activity of SBCs reflects the integration of
   acoustically driven excitatory and inhibitory input. The inhibition
   specifically affects the processing of the spectral, temporal, and
   intensity cues of acoustic signals.}},
Publisher = {{SOC NEUROSCIENCE}},
Address = {{11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rubsamen, R (Corresponding Author), Univ Leipzig, Dept Neurobiol, Talstr 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
   Univ Leipzig, Dept Neurobiol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
   Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Gen Zool \& Neurobiol, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.}},
ISSN = {{0270-6474}},
Keywords = {{prepotential units; endbulb of Held; cochlear suppression; neuronal
   inhibition; in vivo physiology; bicuculline; strychnine; gerbil;
   spherical bushy cells; cochlear nucleus}},
Keywords-Plus = {{AUDITORY-NERVE FIBERS; SUPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX; BUSHY CELL AXONS;
   TRAPEZOID BODY; GUINEA-PIG; RESPONSE PROPERTIES; CHARACTERISTIC
   FREQUENCY; MONGOLIAN GERBIL; CAT; PROJECTIONS}},
Research-Areas = {{Neurosciences \& Neurology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Neurosciences}},
Author-Email = {{rueb@rz.uni-leipzig.de}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
Times-Cited = {{87}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Neurosci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{626FG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000179861100058}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000179857700039,
Author = {Berument, H and Tasci, H},
Title = {{Inflationary effect of crude oil prices in Turkey}},
Journal = {{PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{316}},
Number = {{1-4}},
Pages = {{568-580}},
Month = {{DEC 15}},
Abstract = {{It is generally acknowledged that changes in oil prices affect economic
   welfare in ways that are not entirely reflected in transactions in the
   oil market. In this article, by using the 1990 input-output table, the
   inflationary effects of crude oil prices are investigated for Turkey.
   Under fixed nominal wages, profits, interest and rent earnings, the
   effect of increasing prices of oil on inflation is limited. However,
   when wages and the other three factors of income (profit, interest and
   rent) are adjusted to the general price level that includes the oil
   price increases, the inflationary effect of oil prices becomes
   significant. Hence, indexation could have very severe effects on an
   economy when oil prices increase and, in some cases, could even lead to
   hyperinflation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Berument, H (Corresponding Author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Econ, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey.
   Bilkent Univ, Dept Econ, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01025-7}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0378-4371(02)01025-7}},
ISSN = {{0378-4371}},
Keywords = {{oil prices; inflation; input-output analysis}},
Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Physics, Multidisciplinary}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
Times-Cited = {{33}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{Physica A}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{626DU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000179857700039}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000180159000003,
Author = {Box, JE},
Title = {{Survey of Greenland instrumental temperature records: 1873-2001}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{15}},
Pages = {{1829-1847}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Temporal and spatial variability are analysed in Greenland instrumental
   temperature records from 24 coastal and three ice sheet locations.
   Trends over the longest period available. 1873-2001. at
   Ilulissat/Jakobshavn indicate statistically significant warming in all
   seasons: 5degreesC in winter. Trends over the 1901-2000 century in
   southern Greenland indicate statistically significant spring and Summer
   cooling. General periods of warming occurred from 1885 to 1947 and 1984
   to 2001, and cooling occurred from 1955 to 1984. The standard period
   1961-90 was marked by 1-2degreesC statistically significant cooling. In
   contrast to Northern Hemisphere mean temperatures, the 1990s do not
   contain the warmest years on record in Greenland. The wannest years in
   Greenland were 1932, 1947, 1960, and 1941. The coldest years were 1918,
   1984, 1993. and 1972. several of which coincide with major volcanic
   eruptions. Over 1991-2000, statistically significant 2-4degreesC warming
   was observed in western Greenland, 1.1degreesC warming at the ice sheet
   summit (3200 m). although this is statistically insignificant. Annual
   temperature trends are dominated by winter variability. Much of the
   observed variability is shown to be linked with the North Atlantic
   oscillation (NAO), sea ice extent, and volcanism. The correlation of
   coastal temperature anomalies with the NAO is statistically significant,
   in autumn and winter at western and southern sites. Warming from 1873 to
   1930 and subsequent cooling persists after the removal of the NAO
   signal. Temperature trends are often opposite between west and cast
   Greenland. This apparent teleconnection is spurious. however, given
   insignificant east-west correlation values. Frequency peaks correspond
   with periods of 3.7, 14.3, 9.1. 5.5-6.0. 11.1. and 7.1 years in both
   temperature and NAO. Copyright (C) 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Box, JE (Corresponding Author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, 1090 Carmack Rd,Scott Hall Room 108, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/joc.852}},
ISSN = {{0899-8418}},
EISSN = {{1097-0088}},
Keywords = {{Greenland; climatology; temperature; North Atlantic oscillation; volcano}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ICE-SHEET; AIR-TEMPERATURE;
   GLACIER MELT; CLIMATE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{box.ll@osu.edu}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Box, Jason/H-5770-2013
   Box, Jason E/AAE-1654-2019}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Box, Jason E/0000-0003-0052-8705}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
Times-Cited = {{144}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Climatol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{631GD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180159000003}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000180159000006,
Author = {Wu, RG},
Title = {{A mid-latitude Asian circulation anomaly pattern in boreal summer and
   its connection with the Indian and East Asian summer monsoons}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{15}},
Pages = {{1879-1895}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis for 1948-98. this study identifies a
   dominant pattern for the interannual variation of upper-level winds over
   mid-latitude Asia in boreal summer. This pattern, called the
   mid-latitude Asian summer (MAS) pattern, features two anomalous
   anticyclones: one centred at 37.5degreesN 65degreesE and the other at
   42.5degreesN, 130degreesE. The MAS pattern significantly influences East
   Asian summer monsoon variability. In the positive phase of the MAS
   pattern, contrasting meridional wind anomalies between eastern China and
   Japan lead to above- and below-normal summer rainfall in north China and
   south Japan respectively. The ear-to-year change of the MAS pattern is
   related to that of the Indian summer rainfall, especially in central and
   northern India. Thus, the MAS pattern plays a role in connecting
   anomalous Indian heating with the East Asian summer monsoon variability.
   The East Asian anomalous anticyclone displays a southeast ward shift
   after the late 1970s. This results in a similar change of anomalous
   summer rainfall re-ions in East Asia. The West Asian anomalous
   anticyclone moves northeastward after the late 1970s. The relation of
   the MAS pattern with the Indian summer rainfall experienced an obvious
   weakening in the late 1970s. As a result. the statistical relation
   between the Indian and north China summer rainfall becomes weak after
   the late 1970s. Copyright (C) 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.}},
Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
Address = {{BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Wu, RG (Corresponding Author), Inst Global Environm \& Soc Inc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
   Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean \& Earth Sci \& Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/joc.845}},
ISSN = {{0899-8418}},
Keywords = {{mid-latitude Asia; teleconnection; Indian and East Asian summer monsoon
   interdecadal change}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTIONS; SOUTH}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
Times-Cited = {{71}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Climatol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{631GD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180159000006}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000179269900013,
Author = {Bradbury, JA and Keim, BD and Wake, CP},
Title = {{U.S. East Coast trough indices at 500 hPa and New England winter climate
   variability}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{15}},
Number = {{23}},
Pages = {{3509-3517}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{Using monthly gridded 500-hPa data, two synoptic indices are defined to
   better understand the principle mechanisms controlling intraseasonal to
   multiannual winter climate variability in New England ( NE). The
   ``trough axis index'' (TAI) is created to quantify the mean longitudinal
   position of the common East Coast pressure trough, and the ``trough
   intensity index'' (TII) is calculated to estimate the relative amplitude
   of this trough at 42.5degreesN. The TAI and TII are then compared with
   records for NE regional winter precipitation, temperature, and snowfall
   with the goal of understanding physical mechanisms linking NE winter
   climate with regional sea surface temperatures (SST), the North Atlantic
   Oscillation (NAO), and the Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection
   pattern. The TAI correlates most significantly with winter precipitation
   at inland sites, such that a western ( eastern) trough axis position is
   associated with greater ( lower) average monthly precipitation. Also,
   significant correlations between the TAI and both NE regional SSTs and
   the NAO suggest that longitudinal shifting of the trough is one possible
   mechanism linking the North Atlantic with NE regional winter climate
   variability. The NE winter temperature is significantly correlated with
   the TII, regional SSTs, and the NAO. While the PNA also correlates with
   the TII, NE winter climate variables are apparently unrelated to the PNA
   index.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bradbury, JA (Corresponding Author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans \& Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   Univ New Hampshire, Dept Geog, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3509:USECTI>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0894-8755}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; AMERICAN TELECONNECTION PATTERN; SEA-SURFACE
   TEMPERATURES; UNITED-STATES CLIMATE; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; CYCLONE
   FREQUENCIES; CIRCUMPOLAR VORTEX; STORM TRACKS; GULF-STREAM;
   PRECIPITATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wake, Cameron/G-8114-2014
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Wake, Cameron/0000-0002-5961-5902}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
Times-Cited = {{49}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{615WH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000179269900013}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000179147300009,
Author = {Cash, BA and Kushner, PJ and Vallis, GK},
Title = {{The structure and composition of the annular modes in an aquaplanet
   general circulation model}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{59}},
Number = {{23}},
Pages = {{3399-3414}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{The annular mode simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model
   with a zonally symmetric lower boundary is investigated. The annular
   mode, defined as the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the
   zonal-mean surface pressure, has a meridional structure consisting of a
   north-south dipole, similar to observations. The leading EOF of the
   zonally varying surface pressure has the same meridional structure and
   is also zonally symmetric. Because the lower boundary is zonally
   symmetric, composites of days with high projection onto the mode have,
   to within sampling error, no zonal structure. However, individual
   periods during which the zonal-mean surface pressure projects strongly
   onto the annular mode are dominated by zonally localized structures.
   Thus, the model annular mode represents a zonally homogeneous
   distribution of zonally localized events with a similar meridional
   structure, rather than a zonally symmetric mode of variability per se.
   Individual annular-mode events typically show a north-south
   teleconnection pattern whose meridional structure closely resembles the
   annular mode and whose zonal structure extends 608 to 908 in longitude,
   with a slight northwest-southeast offset between its centers of action.
   Similar structures are found for EOFs calculated over a subset of the
   domain corresponding to the width of the Atlantic basin. The spatial
   structure of both the teleconnection pattern and the regional EOFs
   resemble the observed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Cash, BA (Corresponding Author), IGES, COLA, 40141 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
   Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3399:TSACOT>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0022-4928}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION;
   ZONAL INDEX; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; TELECONNECTIONS; TEMPERATURES;
   DYNAMICS; WINTER}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kushner, Paul J/H-6716-2016}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Kushner, Paul J/0000-0002-6404-4518}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
Times-Cited = {{29}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Atmos. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{613TJ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000179147300009}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000180983800001,
Author = {Lau, KM and Weng, HY},
Title = {{Recurrent teleconnection patterns linking summertime precipitation
   variability over East Asia and North America}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{80}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1309-1324}},
Month = {{DEC}},
Abstract = {{From analyses based on Singular Value Decomposition of rainfall and 500
   hPa geopotential height anomalies, we have identified two atmospheric
   teleconnection pattern linking interannual variability of summertime
   precipitation over East Asia and the continental United States. The
   first pattern is associated with enhanced rainfall over the Yangtze
   River region to above-normal rainfall over the US northern Great Plains
   and the Midwest, and reduced rainfall over the Atlantic coast. It
   features zonally elongated 500 hPa height anomalies over the subtropical
   and extratropical western North Pacific coupled to a regional
   circulation pattern over North American that regulates moisture
   transport from the Gulf of Mexico to the Northern Great Plains. The
   second pattern shows enhanced rainfall anomalies over the Huaihe River,
   northeastern and southern China and deficient rainfall over the central
   US. It connects the East Asian and North American continents via a
   pan-Pacific wavetrain signal, possibly stemming from Rossby wave
   dispersion from fluctuations of large-scale heat sources, and sinks in
   the Indo-Pacific region. Examination of associated sea surface
   temperature variability in the North Pacific suggests that the first
   pattern may be influenced by El Nino in the preceding spring, but
   becomes increasing decoupled from tropical SST during the summer and
   fall. However, the second pattern has no significant relationship with
   El Nino.
   Analysis of extreme rainfall statistics between regions in East Asia and
   North America suggests that occurrence of the aforementioned
   teleconnection patterns is associated with increased probability for
   extreme rainfall events over the Yangtze River Valley, coupled to
   increased probability of anomalies of the same sign over the US Midwest,
   and of the opposite sign over the US Mid-Atlantic coast. Our results
   suggest that the summertime teleconnection patterns should be further
   explored for additional sources of potential predictability of
   summertime floods or droughts over regions of East Asia and North
   America.}},
Publisher = {{METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN}},
Address = {{C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lau, KM (Corresponding Author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Climata \& Radiat Branch, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Climata \& Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan.}},
DOI = {{10.2151/jmsj.80.1309}},
ISSN = {{0026-1165}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MONSOON-ENSO RELATIONSHIP; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; US PRECIPITATION;
   SST VARIABILITY; INDIAN MONSOON; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; PACIFIC;
   RAINFALL; MODES}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lau, William K/E-1510-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Lau, William K/0000-0002-3587-3691}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
Times-Cited = {{98}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{645NE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180983800001}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000179675900005,
Author = {Diaz, SC and Therrell, MD and Stahle, DW and Cleaveland, MK},
Title = {{Chihuahua (Mexico) winter-spring precipitation reconstructed from
   tree-rings, 1647-1992}},
Journal = {{CLIMATE RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{237-244}},
Month = {{NOV 4}},
Abstract = {{The state of Chihuahua lies in an and to semiarid zone in the NW central
   plain of Mexico. Its agricultural economy is highly vulnerable to
   frequent droughts. In this study, we reconstruct winter-spring
   precipitation from 1647-1992 using 6 earlywood width chronologies of
   Douglas fir from around Chihuahua. The tree-ring data explain 56\% of
   the winter-spring precipitation variance in a linear regression for
   1949-1992, and there is strong correlation between the tree-ring
   reconstructed precipitation data and the observed precipitation data not
   used for calibration (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). The 5 driest years in the
   reconstructed precipitation record were 1974, 1954, 1742, 1980, and 1820
   in order of severity, and the longest dry period in the 346 yr record
   lasted about 17 yr (1948-1964) during the severe 1950s drought that also
   affected the SW United States. The reconstructed precipitation record
   has a statistically significant 4 yr spectral peak in the El Ni (n) over
   tilde \$o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) frequency band and is
   significantly correlated with indices of ENSO (tropical rainfall index;
   r = 0.58, p = 0.001). The correlation between the ENSO and Chihuahuan
   reconstructed precipitation varied in strength when computed for
   non-overlapping 18 yr sub-periods (ranging from r = 0.43 to r = 0.68),
   which may reflect changes in the ENSO teleconnection to climate in
   northern Mexico.}},
Publisher = {{INTER-RESEARCH}},
Address = {{NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Diaz, SC (Corresponding Author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Mar Bermejo 195,Col Playa Palo Santa Rita,PB 128, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico.
   Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico.
   Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.3354/cr022237}},
ISSN = {{0936-577X}},
EISSN = {{1616-1572}},
Keywords = {{Chihuahua; Mexico; reconstructed precipitation; tree-ring chronologies;
   earlywood; Douglas fir; ENSO tropical rainfall index}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SOUTHERN OSCILLATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{sdiaz@cibnor.mx}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Therrell, Matthew/N-8487-2016}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Therrell, Matthew/0000-0002-9174-6005}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
Times-Cited = {{42}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{Clim. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{622YP}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000179675900005}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000179550900006,
Author = {Duarte, R and Sanchez-Choliz, J and Bielsa, J},
Title = {{Water use in the Spanish economy: an input-output approach}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{43}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{71-85}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{Against the background of the water limitations that often appear in
   Spain, the aim of this paper is to study the behaviour of the productive
   sectors of the Spanish economy as direct and indirect consumers of
   water. To that end, we employ input-output analysis, with the particular
   methodology being based on the linkages analysis known as the
   Hypothetical Extraction Method (HEM). We have introduced three
   modifications to this method. First, the valuation is made in terms of
   water consumption. Secondly, we obtain the components of the impacts of
   each block of activity into which the economy is divided, with these
   components being described as the internal effect, mixed linkage, net or
   external backward linkage, and net or external forward linkage. Thirdly,
   this methodology is used to detect key sectors. Our results confirm the
   marked importance of the Agriculture, Food and Other Services blocks as
   regards the direct and indirect consumption of water in general. We also
   find that Other Services, Chemicals, Metals and Electronics and
   Agriculture blocks play an important role in explaining the consumption
   of drinking water. Moreover, the HEM analysis allows us to classify
   productive sectors according to their forward or backward linkage
   character in a way that is more precise than that permitted by earlier
   methods. Finally, this methodology can be extended to other types of
   environmental pressures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Duarte, R (Corresponding Author), Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias Econ \& Empresariales, Dept Analists Econ, Gran Via 2, Zaragoza 50005, Spain.
   Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias Econ \& Empresariales, Dept Analists Econ, Zaragoza 50005, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00183-0}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0921-8009(02)00183-0}},
ISSN = {{0921-8009}},
Keywords = {{input-output; water use; backward linkage; forward linkage}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INTERINDUSTRY LINKAGES}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Business \& Economics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies}},
Author-Email = {{rduarte@posta.unizar.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Duarte, Rosa/F-4239-2016}},
Cited-References = {{CELLA G, 1984, OXFORD B ECON STAT, V46, P73.
   CHOLIZ JS, 2002,

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib