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Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
Times-Cited = {{15}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{806RD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220450100001}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000220450100002,
Author = {Gong, GV and Entekhabi, D and Cohen, J},
Title = {{Orographic constraints on a modeled Siberian
   snow-tropospheric-stratospheric teleconnection pathway}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1176-1189}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Previous modeling studies have identified a teleconnection pathway
   linking observation-based early season Siberian snow perturbations to a
   modulation of the winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) mode. In this study,
   the key role of orography in producing this modeled teleconnection is
   explicitly investigated using numerical experiments analogous to the
   previous studies. The climatic response to the same snow perturbation is
   investigated under modified orographic barriers in southern and eastern
   Siberia. Reducing these barriers results in a weakening of the
   prevailing orographically forced region of stationary wave activity
   centered over Siberia, as well as the snow-forced upward wave flux
   anomaly that initiates the teleconnection. This diminished anomaly
   propagates upward, but does not extend into the stratosphere to weaken
   the polar vortex. Consequently, poleward refraction of
   upper-tropospheric waves and downward propagation of coupled wave-mean
   flow anomalies, which ultimately produce the negative winter AO
   response, fail to develop. Thus, the mountains represent an orographic
   constraint on the snow-AO teleconnection pathway. By reducing the
   orographic barrier, the snow-forced influx of wave energy remains in the
   troposphere and, instead, produces a hemispheric-scale equatorward wave
   refraction.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Gong, GV (Corresponding Author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth \& Environm Engn, 918 Mudd, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   MIT, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   Atmospher \& Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1176:OCOAMS>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0894-8755}},
EISSN = {{1520-0442}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY;
   ANNULAR MODE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; ATLANTIC
   OSCILLATION; STATIONARY WAVES; RELATIVE IMPACTS; COUPLED SYSTEM}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{gg2138@columbia.edu}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
Times-Cited = {{21}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{0}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{806RD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220450100002}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000220450100021,
Author = {Wu, MC and Chang, WL and Leung, WM},
Title = {{Impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation events on tropical cyclone
   landfalling activity in the western North Pacific}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{1419-1428}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{The impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes on the
   variability in the landfalling pattern of tropical cyclones in the
   western North Pacific is studied using the bootstrap technique.
   It is found that, relative to neutral years, in the months September,
   October, and November or the late season of El Nino years the number of
   tropical cyclones landfalling in the landmasses rimming the western
   North Pacific is significantly reduced. The exception is Japan and the
   Korean Peninsula. On the other hand, in the late season of La Nina
   years, China can expect significantly more landfalls. The predictability
   of the number of landfalling tropical cyclones in the western North
   Pacific is found to be the highest for China in the late season of La
   Nina years.
   The reduction in the number of landfalls during the late season of El
   Nino years seems to be related to an eastward shift in the mean tropical
   cyclone genesis position and a break in the 500-hPa subtropical ridge
   near 130degreesE. In contrast, the increase in the number of landfalls
   during the late season of La Nina years appears to be related to a
   westward shift in the mean genesis position together with a contiguous
   500-hPa subtropical ridge.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Leung, WM (Corresponding Author), Hong Kong Observ, 134A Nathan Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   Hong Kong Observ, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1419:IOENOE>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0894-8755}},
EISSN = {{1520-0442}},
Keywords-Plus = {{EAST ASIAN TELECONNECTION; ENSO; HURRICANES}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{wmleung@hko.gov.hk}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
Times-Cited = {{141}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{806RD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220450100021}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000220313400022,
Author = {House, DR and Fry, CL and Brown, LJ},
Title = {{The economic impact of dentistry}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{135}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{347-352}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Background. The goal of the authors' research was to determine the
   national economic impact of expenditures arising from the provision of
   dental services.
   Methods. The authors used a well-known and accepted methodology in
   economics known as input-output analysis to measure the economic impact.
   These models describe-among other things-the interrelationships between
   businesses, government, households and the foreign sector with regard to
   where inputs come from and where outputs go.
   Results. For 2000, national expenditures attributable to the provision
   of dental services were calculated at \$203.6 billion. Dentistry
   accounted for more than two million jobs nationwide. Taxes generated
   directly or indirectly from dental activity totaled more than \$33
   billion. The annual impact of one additional dentist on the economy was
   estimated at \$1,278,253.
   Conclusions. Dentistry provides substantial local and national economic
   benefits, including increased economic activity, employment and tax
   revenues. For small counties, an additional dentist provides a
   significant boost to the local economy.}},
Publisher = {{AMER DENTAL ASSN}},
Address = {{211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{House, DR (Corresponding Author), RRC Inc, 3833 S Texas Ave,Suite 285, Bryan, TX 77802 USA.
   RRC Inc, Bryan, TX 77802 USA.
   Amer Dent Assoc, Hlth Policy Resources Ctr, Chicago, IL USA.}},
DOI = {{10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0186}},
ISSN = {{0002-8177}},
Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
Author-Email = {{dhouse@rrc-inc.com}},
Cited-References = {{{[}Anonymous], 2015, STAT COUNT QUICKF BA.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{9}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Am. Dent. Assoc.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{804QO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220313400022}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000187723200001,
Author = {Lenzen, M and Wachsmann, U},
Title = {{Wind turbines in Brazil and Germany: an example of geographical
   variability in life-cycle assessment}},
Journal = {{APPLIED ENERGY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{77}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{119-130}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{A life-cycle assessment of a single product can produce substantially
   varying results that depend on the location of production. It is the aim
   of this study to provide an example of this geographical variability by
   examining the energy and CO2 embodied in a particular wind-turbine
   manufactured in Brazil and in Germany. Our results demonstrate the
   importance of adequately considering the background system of the local
   economy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lenzen, M (Corresponding Author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Programa Planejamento Energet, CENERGIA, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00105-3}},
ISSN = {{0306-2619}},
EISSN = {{1872-9118}},
Keywords = {{life-cycle assessment; wind turbines; Brazil; Germany; energy; CO2}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INPUT-OUTPUT-ANALYSIS; ENERGY; IRON}},
Research-Areas = {{Energy \& Fuels; Engineering}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Energy \& Fuels; Engineering, Chemical}},
Author-Email = {{m.lenzen@physics.usyd.edu.au}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lenzen, Manfred/D-3161-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Lenzen, Manfred/0000-0002-0828-5288}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
Times-Cited = {{70}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Energy}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{759DN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000187723200001}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188994300001,
Author = {Fath, BD},
Title = {{Network analysis applied to large-scale cyber-ecosystems}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL MODELLING}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{171}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{329-337}},
Month = {{FEB 1}},
Abstract = {{Network analysis is an important methodology that has been applied in
   systems ecology. Many theoretical insights have arisen from this
   approach, primarily the importance of indirect relations in ecosystems
   and the holistic determination of ecological relations. This approach,
   adopted from economic input-output analysis, treats systems as
   interconnected nodes and arcs of material or energy transfer. Due to the
   difficulty in quantifying large-scale, complex models, most ecological
   network models are aggregated or lumped models of a few general
   characteristics. Therefore, the resultant theory was tested using
   small-scale models with only a small number of compartments. Here, I
   present a way to develop large-scale cyber-models in order to test four
   of the main hypotheses of network analysis using models with a large
   number of compartments. The results show that the hypotheses are
   affected by model size. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Fath, BD (Corresponding Author), Towson State Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA.
   Towson State Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00275-8}},
ISSN = {{0304-3800}},
Keywords = {{ecological models; food webs; scale network analysis}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ENVIRON ANALYSIS; FLOW-ANALYSIS; ENERGY; MODEL}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{bfath@towson.edu}},
Cited-References = {{BARBER MC, 1978, ECOL MODEL, V5, P193, DOI 10.1016/0304-3800(78)90020-0.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
Times-Cited = {{50}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecol. Model.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{774QJ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188994300001}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000187863400006,
Author = {Caballero, R and Galache, T and Gomez, T and Molina, J and Torrico, A},
Title = {{Budgetary allocations and efficiency in the human resources policy of a
   university following multiple criteria}},
Journal = {{ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{67-74}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{This study proposes a methodology to serve as a guiding mechanism for
   the allocation and management of university financial resources taking
   efficiency as its objective. Specifically, an aid model is provided for
   decision making, so that the planning of staff policy within a
   university guarantees an equal treatment of all the teaching and
   research units, greater transparency in the allocation of financial
   resources, as well as a rational monitoring of the allocations made and
   their effects on the university efficiency levels. The model we provide
   is based on the use of two quantitative techniques: data envelopment
   analysis (DEA) and multiple criteria decision making (MCDM), both
   techniques being linked in a way which makes it possible to transfer
   information from one to the other. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Caballero, R (Corresponding Author), Univ Malaga, Dept Appl Econ Math, Campus El Ejido S-N, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.
   Univ Malaga, Dept Appl Econ Math, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00049-9}},
ISSN = {{0272-7757}},
Keywords = {{resource allocation; efficiency; input output analysis; educational
   finance}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Education \& Educational Research}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; Education \& Educational Research}},
Author-Email = {{rafael.caballero@uma.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Caballero, Rafael/F-3072-2016
   Gomez, Trinidad/F-3397-2016}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Caballero, Rafael/0000-0001-5657-5848
   Gomez, Trinidad/0000-0001-8125-3306}},
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   YUN YB, 2000, P 4 INT C MULT PROGR.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
Times-Cited = {{20}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
Journal-ISO = {{Econ. Educ. Rev.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{760YT}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000187863400006}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188656000014,
Author = {Suh, S and Lenzen, M and Treloar, GJ and Hondo, H and Horvath, A and
   Huppes, G and Jolliet, O and Klann, U and Krewitt, W and Moriguchi, Y
   and Munksgaard, J and Norris, G},
Title = {{System boundary selection in life-cycle inventories using hybrid
   approaches}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE \& TECHNOLOGY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{38}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{657-664}},
Month = {{FEB 1}},
Abstract = {{Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a method for evaluating the environmental
   impacts of products holistically, including direct and supply chain
   impacts. The current LCA methodologies and the standards by the
   International Organization for Standardization (ISO) impose practical
   difficulties for drawing system boundaries; decisions on inclusion or
   exclusion of processes in an analysis (the cutoff criteria) are
   typically not made on a scientific basis. In particular, the requirement
   of deciding which processes could be excluded from the inventory can be
   rather difficult to meet because many excluded processes have often
   never been assessed by the practitioner, and therefore,their
   negligibility cannot be guaranteed. LCA studies utilizing economic
   input-output analysis have shown that, in practice, excluded processes
   can contribute as Much to the product system under study as included
   processes; thus, the subjective determination of the system boundary may
   lead to invalid results. System boundaries in LCA are discussed herein
   with particular attention to outlining hybrid approaches as methods for
   resolving the boundary selection problem in LCA. An input-output model
   can be used to describe at least a part of a product system, and an
   ISO-compatible system boundary selection procedure can be designed by
   applying hybrid input-output-assisted approaches. There are several
   hybrid input-output analysis-based LCA methods that can be implemented
   in practice for broadening system boundary and also for ISO compliance.}},
Publisher = {{AMER CHEMICAL SOC}},
Address = {{1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Suh, S (Corresponding Author), Leiden Univ, CML, POB 9518, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
   Leiden Univ, CML, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
   Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   Deakin Univ, Sch Architecture \& Bldg, Geelong, Vic 3217, Australia.
   Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Socioecon Res Ctr, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 100, Japan.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, GECOS, LCGrp,Life Cycle Grp Sustainable Dev, Lab Ecosyst Management, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   German Aerosp Ctr, DLR, Inst Tech Thermodynam, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
   Natl Inst Environm Studies, Social \& Environm Syst Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
   AKF, Inst Local Govt Studies, DK-1602 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
   Sylvatica, N Berwick, ME USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1021/es0263745}},
ISSN = {{0013-936X}},
EISSN = {{1520-5851}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; EMBODIED ENERGY; INPUT; CO2; IDENTIFICATION;
   CONSUMPTION; ERROR}},
Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{suh@cml.leidenuniv.nl}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Suh, Sangwon/E-2019-2011
   Lenzen, Manfred/D-3161-2013
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Suh, Sangwon/0000-0001-8290-6276
   Jolliet, Olivier/0000-0001-6955-4210
   Lenzen, Manfred/0000-0002-0828-5288}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{76}},
Times-Cited = {{634}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{175}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Sci. Technol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{769NE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188656000014}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188859900006,
Author = {Martin, ML and Luna, MY and Morata, A and Valero, F},
Title = {{North atlantic teleconnection patterns of low-frequency variability and
   their links with springtime precipitation in the western Mediterranean}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{24}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{213-230}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{The relationship between springtime (March-May) precipitation in the
   western Mediterranean area and several North Atlantic teleconnection
   patterns of low-frequency variability is analysed for the period
   1948-89. Singular value decomposition analysis (SVDA) of the springtime
   monthly mean fields for the three paired combinations of 300 hPa
   geopotential height-precipitation, 300 hPa zonal wind-precipitation and
   300 hPa meridional wind-precipitation has shown that their covariability
   is dominated by two main large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns.
   In every SVD combination, the first mode relates precipitation anomalies
   to the east Atlantic jet pattern. Above-normal rainfall anomalies are
   linked with a blocking pattern affecting Iberian weather. The second
   covariability mode for the three SVD As takes into account the response
   of the precipitation to the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) pattern. An
   enhanced spring NAO pattern is related to positive (negative)
   precipitation anomalies over the southern (northern) western
   Mediterranean. Through these two modes, the North Atlantic large-scale
   atmospheric dynamics explains about 50\% of the total spring
   precipitation variability in the western Mediterranean area. A Monte
   Carlo approach has allowed setting the statistical significance of the
   modes obtained and to assess the effectiveness of the western
   Mediterranean precipitation response to the teleconnection patterns.
   Copyright (C) 2004 Royal Meteorological Society.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Luna, MY (Corresponding Author), Inst Nacl Meteorol, C Leonardo Prieto Castro,8, Madrid 28040, Spain.
   Inst Nacl Meteorol, Madrid 28040, Spain.
   Univ Valladolid, EITIG, Dpto Matemat Aplicada \& Ingn, Valladolid, Spain.
   Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac CC Fis, Dpto Astrofis \& CC Atmosfera, Madrid, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/joc.993}},
ISSN = {{0899-8418}},
EISSN = {{1097-0088}},
Keywords = {{western Mediterranean; teleconnection patterns; precipitation; singular
   value decomposition}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC
   CIRCULATION; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAST CENTURY; EUROPE;
   SPAIN; ANOMALIES; LEVEL}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{yluna@inm.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Luna, Yolanda/O-4605-2014
   Martin, Maria Luisa/G-5594-2015
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Luna, Yolanda/0000-0002-3470-9670
   Martin, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-8500-8276
   Morata, Ana/0000-0002-5729-3030}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
Times-Cited = {{33}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Climatol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{772UL}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188859900006}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188859900008,
Author = {Ellis, AW and Saffell, EM and Hawkins, TW},
Title = {{A method for defining monsoon onset and demise in the southwestern USA}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{24}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{247-265}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{The southwestern USA is subject annually to an inflow of atmospheric
   moisture in association with the North American monsoon, which is a
   summertime shift in the atmospheric circulation stretching from the
   Caribbean Sea, to Mexico, and into the southwestern USA. There are
   currently no regional criteria used to define the temporal aspect of the
   annual monsoon season in the southwestern USA, and only a single local
   definition. A regionalized definition of the annual timing of the
   monsoon season would seem to be a greater representation of the
   synoptic-scale effects of the monsoon rather than individual definitions
   at point locations across the region. The research presented here
   outlines a method for defining the annual onset and demise of the
   regional monsoon season of the southwestern USA, and assesses the
   results through comparisons with a method currently used at one location
   within the region and with atmospheric composites from historic data.
   Using hourly dew-point temperature data at five surface stations and
   daily precipitation data for 193 stations across the southwestern USA
   for June through to October for a 52 year period, daily humidity and
   precipitation threshold values indicative of monsoon moisture are
   established. The first and last occurrences of both humidity and
   precipitation sustained for a synoptic period of 3 days mark the annual
   onset and demise of the monsoon season, whereas all days in between that
   meet the humidity and precipitation thresholds are categorized as
   `monsoon days'. Results show good agreement with sample historic data
   for the sole local definition within the region, and atmospheric
   composites indicate a likelihood of accurate representation of monsoon
   onset and demise across the region. The significance of accurate onset
   and demise dates is apparent in the intimate relationship between
   seasonal precipitation across the region and the length of the monsoon
   season. Based upon the procedure, a historic monsoon season database was
   constructed for the southwestern USA for use in climatological,
   meteorological, and case-study analyses. Copyright (C) 2004 Royal
   Meteorological Society.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ellis, AW (Corresponding Author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Off Climatol, Box 870104, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Off Climatol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/joc.996}},
ISSN = {{0899-8418}},
EISSN = {{1097-0088}},
Keywords = {{North American monsoon; humidity; precipitation; regional definition}},
Keywords-Plus = {{GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; SUMMER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL
   VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; SNOW COVER; RAINFALL; TELECONNECTION;
   ARIZONA; SURGES}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{andrew.w.ellis@asu.edu}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
Times-Cited = {{22}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Climatol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{772UL}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188859900008}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188935700004,
Author = {Jhun, JG and Lee, EJ},
Title = {{A new East Asian winter monsoon index and associated characteristics of
   the winter monsoon}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{711-726}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Note = {{6th EAC Workshop, HARBIN, PEOPLES R CHINA, AUG 04-06, 2002}},
Organization = {{EAC}},
Abstract = {{A new East Asian winter monsoon index, which reflects the 300-hPa
   meridional wind shear associated with the jet stream, was defined to
   describe the variability of the winter monsoon in midlatitude East Asia.
   This index represents very well the seasonal mean winter temperature
   over Korea, Japan, and eastern China. The National Centers for
   Environmental Prediction - National Center for Atmospheric Research
   reanalysis data from 1958 to 2001 were used to examine the composite
   structures of strong and weak winter monsoons based on this index. The
   composite strong winter monsoon is characterized by an enhanced
   upper-level jet stream south of Japan, a strengthened midtropospheric
   East Asian trough, a stronger than normal Aleutian low and Siberian
   high, and increased low-level northeasterlies along the Russian coast.
   This composite structure suggests that a cold winter in Korea and Japan
   depends critically on processes that control the pressure gradients
   between the Aleutian low and the Siberian high. Power spectral analysis
   of the index shows significant peaks occurring in 3 - 4, 6 - 8, and
   around 18 yr. The decadal peak is primarily due to a prominent cold
   period from 1980 to 1986 versus a warm period from 1987 to 1993. The
   regressed sea level pressure field for the interannual component
   resembles the composite strong winter monsoon pattern, whereas the sea
   level pressure pattern for the decadal component bears close similarity
   to that of the Arctic Oscillation. These conditions in the winter
   monsoon are associated with excess snowfall in October over the Siberian
   high, northeastern China, and far eastern Russia. The sensitivity
   experiments with the Seoul National University general circulation model
   suggest that the change in snow depth in autumn over the Siberian high
   and northeastern China may lead to the variability of the winter monsoon
   intensity. The teleconnection analysis confirms that development of the
   Siberian high and/or the Aleutian low is associated with an enhanced
   East Asian winter monsoon; the Arctic Oscillation is closely related to
   the winter monsoon intensity on the decadal time scale.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Jhun, JG (Corresponding Author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth \& Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
   Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth \& Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0711:ANEAWM>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0894-8755}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; SUMMER MONSOON;
   ANNULAR MODES; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY;
   REANALYSIS}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{jgjhun@plaza.snu.ac.kr}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
Times-Cited = {{337}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{80}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Clim.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{773RC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188935700004}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000221340300009,
Author = {Lu, RY},
Title = {{Associations among the components of the east Asian summer monsoon
   system in the meridional direction}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{82}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{155-165}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{The East Asian summer monsoon is characterized by strong interactions
   among its components in the meridional direction. The atmospheric
   convection over the Philippine Sea (PSAC), the western North Pacific
   subtropical high (WNPSH) and the East Asian westerly jet stream (EAJ)
   are all closely related to the summer rainfall in East Asia. In this
   study, we examined the relationship on the interannual time-scale among
   these factors, by using the National Centers for Environmental
   Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR)
   Re-analysis data and satellite-observed outgoing long-wave radiation
   (OLR) data for the 20-year period from 1979 to 1998.
   It is found that the PSAC-EAJ relation is weak in June, but strong in
   July and August. Similar difference exists in the relationship between
   the PSAC and convective activity along the East Asian summer rainy belt.
   Corresponding to enhanced PSAC, the EAJ is weakened in July and
   strengthened in August, and tends to exhibit a slight poleward
   displacement in both months. All these variations in the EAJ intensity
   and meridional displacement, on the other hand, correspond to suppressed
   convection along the East Asian summer rainy belt. Finally, the monthly
   difference in the PSAC-EAJ relation is interpreted by the role of
   vertical shear of zonal wind. The easterly shear in July and August over
   the Philippine Sea excites external modes, which are necessary for the
   tropical-extratropical teleconnection mechanism according to previous
   numerical studies, but the neutral shear in June is inefficient in
   exciting external modes.}},
Publisher = {{METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN}},
Address = {{C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
   100-0004, JAPAN}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lu, RY (Corresponding Author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, POB 2718, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
   Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.2151/jmsj.82.155}},
ISSN = {{0026-1165}},
EISSN = {{2186-9057}},
Keywords-Plus = {{WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; VERTICAL SHEAR; CIRCULATION; WAVES; MODE; FLOW}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{lr@lasg.iap.ac.cn}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
Times-Cited = {{118}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{819UC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221340300009}},
OA = {{Bronze}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188893900003,
Author = {Misra, V},
Title = {{The teleconnection between the western Indian and the western Pacific
   Oceans}},
Journal = {{MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{132}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{445-455}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Shown in this study are a teleconnection pattern relating outgoing
   longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies over the western Pacific Ocean and
   sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the western Indian Ocean
   over two seasons {[} September - October - November ( SON) and December
   - January - February (DJF)] at zero lag from observations and
   atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) integrations. This
   teleconnection pattern suggests that a positive SSTA in the SON and DJF
   seasons over the western Indian Ocean increases the contemporaneous
   positive OLR anomalies over the western Pacific Ocean. This
   teleconnection pattern is also simulated by the Center for Ocean - Land
   - Atmosphere studies ( COLA) AGCM forced with observed SST. From the
   experimental COLA AGCM runs ( wherein the Pacific Ocean SST variability
   is suppressed except for the climatological annual cycle), it is
   diagnosed that the interannual variability of OLR over the western
   Pacific Ocean persists because of this teleconnection. This
   teleconnection pattern is found to be associated with the modulation of
   the equatorial zonal wind circulation by the western Indian Ocean SSTAs.}},
Publisher = {{AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}},
Address = {{45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Misra, V (Corresponding Author), Inst Global Environm \& Soc Inc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
   Inst Global Environm \& Soc Inc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0445:TTBTWI>2.0.CO;2}},
ISSN = {{0027-0644}},
EISSN = {{1520-0493}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL OCEANS; SST
   VARIABILITY; SUMMER RAINFALL; ENSO; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY;
   CONVECTION}},
Research-Areas = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{misra@cola.iges.org}},
Cited-References = {{Arpe K, 1998, J CLIMATE, V11, P1837, DOI 10.1175/1520-0442-11.8.1837.
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Journal-ISO = {{Mon. Weather Rev.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{773HV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188893900003}},
DA = {{2020-08-06}},
}

@article{ ISI:000188752900004,
Author = {Tohmo, T},
Title = {{New developments in the use of location quotients to estimate regional
   input-output coefficients and multipliers}},
Journal = {{REGIONAL STUDIES}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{38}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{43-54}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{This study compares the survey-based regional input-output coefficients
   and production multipliers published by STATISTICS FINLAND, 2000, with
   estimates obtained by applying location quotients (LQs) to national
   data. The consequences of using alternative adjustment formulae, the
   `SLQ, CILQ and FLQ' are illustrated by an input-output model constructed
   for the Keski-Pohjanmaa (K-P) region. The results indicate that the SLQ
   and CILQ both produce highly misleading regional input-output
   coefficients and multipliers. These adjustment formulae are clearly not
   good enough for the purposes of making local policy and regional
   planning. The F L Q formula (beta = 1) yields much better regional
   input-output coefficients and multipliers than the SLQ and CILQ. The FLQ
   gives very good estimates for regional multipliers in nearly all
   industries. The difference between the multipliers generated by the FLQ
   and the survey-based K-P regional multipliers is on average about
   -0.3\%. The multipliers for the K-P region are typically much lower than
   for Finland as a whole, indicating that the economic structure of the
   K-P region is dependent on that of other regions. Hence there is a need
   to make proper allowance for interregional trade. In the case of the K-P
   region, the FLQ with beta = 1 was able to offset the tendency of the
   CILQ to generate excessively large regional multipliers.}},
Publisher = {{CARFAX PUBLISHING}},
Address = {{RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Tohmo, T (Corresponding Author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Ctr Econ Res, Sch Business \& Econ, POB 35, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland.
   Univ Jyvaskyla, Ctr Econ Res, Sch Business \& Econ, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/00343400310001632262}},
ISSN = {{0034-3404}},
Keywords = {{input-output analysis; location quotients; FLQ; regional multipliers}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APPROPRIATE USE; TABLES; ECONOMY; SIZE}},
Research-Areas = {{Business \& Economics; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Geography;
   Public Administration}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional \& Urban Planning}},
Author-Email = {{timo.tohmo@econ.jyu.fi}},
Cited-References = {{Brand S, 1997, REG STUD, V31, P791, DOI 10.1080/713693391.
   FLEGG AT, 1995, REG STUD, V29, P547, DOI 10.1080/00343409512331349173.
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   RICHARDSON HW, 1972, REGIONAL EC LOCATION.
   ROUND JI, 1978, J REGIONAL SCI, V18, P179, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1978.tb005

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