text:
%% Filename: biglit.bib
%%
%% Author: Rob MacLeod
%%
%% Rob's very big literature database file for BibTeX
%%: Here comes the bibliography entries sorted by citation key
%%: (M-X bibtex-sort-buffer in GNU Emacs)

@TechReport{RSM:AHA2001,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update",
  institution =  "American Heart {A}ssocation",
  year =         "2001",
  address =      "Dallas, Texas",
  robnote =      "AHA report statistics on heart and CV disease.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 23 10:30:46 1998",
}

@TechReport{RSM:AHA2003,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "Heart Diseases and Stroke Statistics-2003 Update",
  institution =  "American Heart Assocation",
  year =         "2003",
  address =      "Dallas, Texas",
  robnote =      "AHA report statistics on heart and CV disease.",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 10:30:46 2003",
}

@TechReport{RSM:AHA2004,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "Heart Diseases and Stroke Statistics-2005 Update",
  institution =  "American Heart Assocation",
  year =         "2004",
  address =      "Dallas, Texas",
  robnote =      "AHA report statistics on heart and CV disease.",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 10:30:46 2003",
}

@TechReport{RSM:AHA2007,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "Heart Diseases and Stroke Statistics-2007 Update",
  institution =  "American Heart Assocation",
  year =         "2007",
  address =      "Dallas, Texas",
  robnote =      "AHA report statistics on heart and CV disease.",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 10:30:46 2003",
}

@TechReport{RSM:AHA2008,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "Heart Diseases and Stroke Statistics-2008 Update",
  institution =  "American Heart Assocation",
  year =         "2008",
  address =      "Dallas, Texas",
  robnote =      "AHA report statistics on heart and CV disease.",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 21 10:30:46 2003",
}

@TechReport{RSM:AHA2016,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "Heart Diseases and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update",
  institution =  "American Heart Assocation",
  year =         "2016",
  address =      "Dallas, Texas",
  robnote =      "AHA report statistics on heart and CV disease.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 29 10:30:46 2016",
}

@TechReport{RSM:AHA97,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "1998 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update",
  institution =  "American Heart Assocation",
  year =         "1997",
  address =      "Dallas, Texas",
  robnote =      "AHA report statistics on heart and CV disease.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 23 10:30:46 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:AMI87,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Operators Guide for the Biomedical Signal Conditioner
                 Unit",
  journal =      "Applied Microelectronics Institute",
  year =         "1987",
  robnote =      "The operators guide book for an opto-isolated
                 biosignal amplifier and signal conditioner built for
                 Dr. Klassen and Drew Armour for their work on dogs.
                 AMI, Applied Microelectronics Institute.,
                 Electronics021",
}

@Article{RSM:Abb87,
  author =       "S. Abboud and R.J. Cohen and A. Selwyn and P. Ganz and
                 D. Sadeh and P.L. Friedman",
  title =        "Detection of Transient Myocardial Ischemia by Computer
                 Analysis of Standard and Signal-Averaged High-Frequency
                 Electrocardiograms in patients undergoing Percutaneous
                 Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "76",
  pages =        "585--596",
  robnote =      "PTCA, detection of ischemia using a bit different
                 method of ECG analysis. A good paper, thesis.,
                 Ischemia085",
}

@Article{RSM:Abb96,
  author =       "S. Abboud and M. Rosenfeld and J. Luzon",
  title =        "Effect of source location on the scalp potential
                 asymmetry in a numerical model of the head",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "690--696",
  robnote =      "brain inverse solution",
  acknowledgement = ack-xxx,
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 18 11:33:38 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Abb96b,
  author =       "S. Abboud and M. Rosenfeld and J. Luzon",
  title =        "Numerical solution of the potential due to dipole
                 sources in volume conductors with arbitrary geometry
                 and conductivity",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "697--689",
  robnote =      "brain inverse solution",
  acknowledgement = ack-xxx,
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 18 11:33:38 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Abe85,
  author =       "G.S. Abela and S.J. Normann and D.M. Cohen and D.
                 Franzini and R.L. Feldman and F. Crea and A. Fenech and
                 C.J. Pepine and C.R. Conti",
  title =        "Laser Recanalization of Occluded Atherosclerotic
                 Arteries in Vivo and in Vitro",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "71",
  pages =        "403--411",
  robnote =      "A paper describing the use of laser angioplasty on
                 animal models to burn through atherosclerotic lesions.
                 Used the uncovered fibre here and had the usual
                 problems of perforation of arteries. PTCA, laser.,
                 Ischemia036",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi71,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and M.J. Burgess and K. Millar and R.
                 Wyatt and G. Baule",
  title =        "The Primary {T} Wave -- a New Electrocardiographic
                 Waveform",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "1971",
  volume =       "81",
  pages =        "242--249",
  robnote =      "This one carries the discussion of the paper above
                 (ECG077) to the next step and divides the T-wave into
                 ``secondary''(the reverse of the QRS, just the T wave
                 one would get if repolarization occurred the with the
                 same order as depolarization) and the ``primary'', that
                 part which represents the difference in repolarization
                 sequence over the depolarization sequence. thesis,
                 ECG078",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi75,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "The Nervous System and Cardiac Arrythmias",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "51, 52",
  number =       "Suppl. III",
  pages =        "III-116--III-119",
  robnote =      "A must for the defence if only to keep Drew Armour at
                 bay, but also to see what the connection is between
                 ischemia and nervous system., Arrhythm027",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi76,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and M.J. Burgess and R.L. Lux and R.F.
                 Wyatt",
  title =        "Experimental evidence for regional cardiac influence
                 in body surface isopotential maps of dogs",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1976",
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "386--391",
  robnote =      "A nice paper which uses maps from simultaneous and
                 separately applied epicardial and endocardial
                 activation to show how maps can be added, but how
                 unpredictable things happen in the process.",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi77,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and M.J. Burgess and P.M. Urie and R.L.
                 Lux and R.F. Wyatt",
  title =        "The Unidentified Information Content of the
                 Electrocardiogram",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "40",
  pages =        "3--7",
  robnote =      "More T wave stuff. read it, ECG079",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi78,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and P. Urie and R. Lux and M.J. Burgess
                 and R. Wyatt.",
  title =        "Body Surface Distribution of {QRST} Area",
  journal =      j-AC,
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "59--64",
  robnote =      "A look at QRST integral maps in dogs and trying to
                 make the connection between multiple max and min and
                 the inhomogeneous repolarization that leads to VT and
                 VF. An index is generated from the QRS area plus some
                 fraction (from -1 to +1) of the ST area, which
                 indicates the degree of irregularity of repolarization.
                 thesis, BSPM108",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi80,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and A.K. Evans and R.L. Lux and M.J.
                 Burgess",
  title =        "Ventricular Recovery Properties and {QRST} Deflection
                 Area in Cardiac Electrograms",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1980",
  volume =       "239",
  pages =        "H227--H231",
  robnote =      "A paper on the meaning of the QRST iso-integral maps.
                 Important one for the thesis and reading maps.,
                 BSPM092",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi87,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "Prediction of Ventricular Arrhythmias from {ECG}
                 Waveforms",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "Supplementary Issue",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "97--101",
  robnote =      "Looks good and it's from the Utah group -read it.,
                 Arrhythm025",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi87b,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and L.A. Green",
  title =        "The recognition of arrythmia vulnerability by body
                 surface electrocardiographic mapping",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "(Suppl III)",
  pages =        "79--83",
  robnote =      "Describes the aspects of the ECG that can be used to
                 detect repolarization changes related to arrhythmia
                 vulnerability, from standard ECG to mapping, QRST
                 integral maps and dipolar content of maps.",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi90,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "Mechanism of the Vulnerable Period in a Model of
                 Cardiac Fibrillation",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "303--308",
  robnote =      "Cellular Automata Model",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi91,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Distibution of {QRST} deflection areas in relation to
                 repolarization and arrhythmias",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "197--203",
  month =        jul,
}

@Article{RSM:Abi91a,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "The Mechanism of Simulated {Torsade de Pointes} in a
                 Computer Model of Propagated Excitation",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "224--237",
  robnote =      "Cellular Automata Model",
}

@Article{RSM:Abi91b,
  author =       "J.A. Abildskov and R.L. Lux",
  title =        "Local Events in a Computer Model of Cardiac
                 Excitation",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "45--52",
  robnote =      "Cellular Automata Model",
}

@Article{RSM:Abl92,
  author =       "R.K. Ables",
  title =        "Security and electronic mail",
  journal =      "SysAdmin",
  year =         "1992",
  pages =        "35--38",
  month =        jul # "/" # aug,
  robnote =      "A script called return-to-sender for responding to
                 email that does not find a proper recipient on a Unix
                 system. Looks interesting, but I havenot yet tried it
                 out",
}

@Article{RSM:Abo84,
  author =       "S. Abouantoun and S. Ahnave and M. Savvides and K.
                 Witztum and D. Jensen and V. Froelicher",
  title =        "Can Areas of Myocardial Ischemia be Localized by the
                 Exercise Electrocardiogram? {A} correlative study with
                 Thallium-201 Scintography",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "108",
  pages =        "933--941",
  robnote =      "The title says it all, a correlative study of several
                 different methods (ECG, Thalliumn-201 scintography) to
                 see if size and location of infarct could be evaluated.
                 Results not promising., Ischemia097",
}

@Article{RSM:Ack91,
  author =       "M.J. Ackerman",
  title =        "The Visible Human Project.",
  journal =      "J Biocommun",
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14",
  robnote =      "visible human project reference",
}

@Article{RSM:Ack95,
  author =       "M.J. Ackerman and V.M. Spitzer and A.L. Scherzinger
                 and D.G. Whitlock",
  title =        "The Visible Human data set: an image resource for
                 anatomical visualization.",
  journal =      "Medinfo",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "8 Pt 2",
  pages =        "1195--1108",
  robnote =      "The NLM Planning Panel on Electronic Imaging
                 recommended that NLM should undertake the building of a
                 digital image library consisting of computer-assisted
                 tomography (CAT), magnetic resonance interferometry
                 (MRI), and cryosection images of a representative,
                 carefully selected and prepared male and female
                 cadaver--the Visible Human Project. The male Visible
                 Human data set is now being made available through a
                 license agreement with the NLM. The Visible Human data
                 set and its associated identification maps will serve
                 as a Boston Teapot for medical imaging, a common public
                 domain data set against which all medical imaging
                 algorithms can be tested, and a cornerstone for future
                 sets of related image libraries.",
}

@Article{RSM:Ack99,
  author =       "M.J. Ackerman",
  title =        "The Visible Human Project: a resource for education.",
  journal =      "Acad Med",
  year =         "1999",
  month =        jun,
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "667--670",
  robnote =      "In 1989, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) began
                 a project to use computer technologies to build a
                 prototype digital image library of data representing a
                 complete normal adult human male and female. In this
                 paper, the author describes the beginnings of this
                 project, the Visible Human Project (VHP), the digital
                 images currently available in the VHP database, ongoing
                 research and development, and plans for the future of
                 the VHP.",
}

@Article{RSM:Ada2003,
  author =       "M.G. Adams-Hamoda and M.A. Caldwell and N.A. Stotts
                 and B.J. Drew",
  title =        "Factors to consider when analyzing 12-lead
                 electrocardiograms for evidence of acute myocardial
                 ischemia.",
  journal =      "Am J Crit Care",
  year =         "2003",
  month =        jan,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--16; quiz 17--8",
  robnote =      "An important factor to consider when using findings on
                 electrocardiograms for clinical decision making is that
                 the waveforms are influenced by normal physiological
                 and technical factors as well as by pathophysiological
                 factors. Traditionally, the focus of bedside monitoring
                 is detection of arrhythmia. However, continuous
                 ST-segment monitoring for the detection of myocardial
                 ischemia is now readily available. Many factors affect
                 electrocardiographic waveforms and may interfere with
                 diagnosis of myocardial ischemia based on
                 electrocardiographic findings. Accordingly, a principal
                 leadership role for clinical nurse specialists and
                 nurse practitioners is to become knowledgeable about
                 interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiograms and to
                 share this knowledge with staff nurses who care for
                 patients with acute coronary syndromes. The factors
                 that alter electrocardiographic findings are reviewed,
                 and the alterations that interfere with
                 electrocardiogram-based diagnosis of myocardial
                 ischemia are discussed.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 8 12:59:53 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Ada91,
  author =       "D.R. Adam",
  title =        "Propagation of depolarization and repolarization
                 processes in the myocardium--an anisotropic model.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1991",
  month =        feb,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "133--141",
  robnote =      "A three-dimensional finite-elements model of the left
                 and right ventricles has been developed to study the
                 process of myocardial electrical activation. The
                 experimentally measured velocity is known to depend on
                 membrane processes, the cellular shape, fiber
                 orientation, and the interaction with neighboring
                 cells. The simulated process is, therefore, governed by
                 the geometry and by the directional conduction velocity
                 at each point in the myocardial volume. The geometry of
                 the ventricles is described by ellipsoidal shape, and
                 divided to layers and sections, each filled with cells
                 of preassigned properties. It allows for taking into
                 account the local orientation of the myocardial fibers
                 and their distributed velocities and refractory
                 periods. The values are Gaussly distributed around the
                 mean, and the mean and variance differ at each section.
                 A conduction network of Purkinje cells is included on
                 the endocardial surface. The anisotropic properties are
                 demonstrated during simulation of an abnormal cardiac
                 cycle, when propagating is initiated at an ectopic
                 ventricular site. Ischemia is simulated by low
                 conduction velocities in the ischemic zone and wide
                 dispersion of values in nearby locations; automaticity
                 is described by restimulating cells in the injured
                 area; the dangerous effects of a premature beat leading
                 to reentry are simulated by reduction of propagation
                 velocity in cells that are reactivated while they
                 repolarize. The different activation patterns are
                 calculated throughout the myocardium and on its
                 surface. The generated surface activation maps are not
                 sensitive to minute changes in location of the foci of
                 activation within the normal conduction system. The
                 maps show sensitivity to pathological velocities,
                 ischemic areas, and the existence of ectopic
                 foci.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 8 18:24:04 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Ada97,
  author =       "M.G. Adams and B.J. Drew",
  title =        "Body position effects on the {ECG}: implication for
                 ischemia monitoring.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1997",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "285--291",
  robnote =      "Rotation of the heart in relation to surface
                 electrocardiographic (ECG) electrodes when a patient
                 turns to one side has been reported to cause ST-segment
                 shifts, triggering false alarms with continuous
                 ST-segment monitoring. We prospectively analyzed
                 ST-segment and QRS complex changes in both standard and
                 derived ECGs in 40 subjects (18 with heart disease and
                 22 healthy) in supine, right- and left-lying positions.
                 Of the 40 subjects, 6 (4 cardiac, 2 healthy) developed
                 positional ST deviations of 1 mm or more on the
                 standard ECG. In the derived method, five of the same
                 six subjects showed ST-segment deviation of which most
                 occurred in the left-lying position. Positional ST
                 changes were most frequent for males and for cardiac
                 patients (33\%). Changes in QRS complex morphology were
                 common on the standard (28 of 40, 70\%) and less
                 frequent on the derived ECGs (17 of 40, 43\%),
                 occurring in both healthy and cardiac subjects. QRS
                 axis changes occurred only on the standard ECG. It was
                 concluded that (1) right and left side-lying positions
                 frequently induce clinically significant ECG changes;
                 (2) positional ST-segment deviation is less frequent
                 than previously reported and is most likely to occur in
                 males with cardiac disease; and (3) the derived method
                 is less prone to positional QRS changes than the
                 standard ECG.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Mar 8 12:59:53 2008",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Adl2006,
  author =       "G. Adluru and E. V. R. DiBella and R. T. Whitaker",
  title =        "Automatic segmentation of cardiac short axis slices in
                 perfusion {MRI}",
  booktitle =    "Int Symp Biomed Imaging",
  address =      "Washington, D.C.",
  pages =        "133--136",
  year =         "2006",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Adl2007a,
  author =       "G. Adluru and R.T. Whitaker and E.V.R. DiBella",
  title =        "Spatio-Temporal Constrained Reconstruction of sparse
                 dynamic contrast enhanced radial {MRI} data",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging",
  address =      "Arlington, VA",
  pages =        "109--112",
  year =         "2007",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Adl2007fimh,
  author =       "G. Adluru and E. Hsu and E. V. R. DiBella",
  title =        "Constrained reconstruction of sparse cardiac {MR}
                 {DTI} data",
  booktitle =    "International Conf Functional Imaging and Modeling of
                 the Heart (FIMH)",
  editor =       "F. B. Sachse and G. Seemann",
  address =      "Salt Lake City, UT",
  volume =       "LNCS 4466",
  pages =        "91--99",
  year =         "2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Adl2007mrm,
  author =       "G. Adluru and S. Awate and T. Tasdizen and R. T.
                 Whitaker and E. V. R. DiBella",
  title =        "Temporally constrained reconstruction of dynamic
                 cardiac perfusion {MRI}",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Med",
  volume =       "57",
  pages =        "1027--1036",
  year =         "2007",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Adl2008,
  author =       "G. Adluru and E. V. R. DiBella and C. McGann",
  title =        "Data Acquisition and Reconstruction of Undersampled
                 Radial {MR} Myocardial Perfusion",
  booktitle =    "Soc Cardiovascular Magn Reson",
  address =      "Los Angeles, CA",
  year =         "2008",
}

@Book{RSM:Ado85,
  author =       "Adobe System Incorporated",
  title =        "Postscript Language Tutorial and Cookbook",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  year =         "1985",
}

@Book{RSM:Ado90,
  author =       "Adobe System Incorporated",
  title =        "Postscript Language Reference Manual",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  year =         "1990",
  edition =      "Second",
}

@Article{RSM:Ahl87,
  author =       "H. Ahlfeldt and H. Tanaka and M-E Nygards and T.
                 Furukawa and O. Wigertz",
  title =        "Computer Simulations of Cardiac Arrhythmias",
  journal =      j-CBR,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "305--323",
  robnote =      "A computer model for propagation based on networks and
                 cells, used to predict arrhythmias. Looks good so read
                 it., Arrhythm021",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ahm2008,
  author =       "Ahmed Zein and Eric Mccreath and Alistair Rendell and
                 Alex Smola",
  title =        "Performance Evaluation of the {NVIDIA} GeForce 8800
                 {GTX} {GPU} for Machine Learning",
  booktitle =    "ICCS '08: Proceedings of the 8th international
                 conference on Computational Science, Part I",
  year =         "2008",
  pages =        "466--475",
  location =     "Krakow, Poland",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Berlin, Heidelberg",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ahm90,
  author =       "M. Ahmed and D. Billie and R.L. Barker and M.
                 Greisen",
  title =        "Electric current pathways in the human thorax",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS90,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1990",
  pages =        "642--643",
  robnote =      "Physio Control's FEM model, finite elements",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ahm94,
  author =       "G.F. Ahmad and D.H. Brooks and G.M. Maratos and R.S.
                 MacLeod",
  title =        "Joint energy and {L}aplacian regularization in the
                 inverse problem of electrocardiography",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 20th N.E. Bioengineering
                 Conference",
  year =         "1994",
  pages =        "59--61",
  address =      "Springfield, MA",
  month =        mar,
  robnote =      "Ghandi's paper on regularization using two constraints
                 at once. Inverse solutions,regularization",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ahm95,
  author =       "G.F. Ahmad and D.H. Brooks and C. Jacobson and R.S.
                 MacLeod",
  title =        "A Feasability Study of Inverse Electrocardiography by
                 Convex Optimization",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the 21st N.E. Bioengineering
                 Conference",
  year =         "1995",
  pages =        "245--246",
  address =      "Bar Harbour, ME",
  robnote =      "Ghandi's paper on convex optimization,
                 regularization",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ahm95b,
  author =       "G.F. Ahmad and D.H. Brooks and C.A. Jacobson and R.S.
                 MacLeod",
  title =        "Constraint Evaluation in Inverse Electrocardiography
                 Using Convex Optimization",
  pages =        "209--210",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS95,
  year =         "1995",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Ghandi's paper, which Dana presented in Montreal.
                 inverse solutions, regularization",
}

@Article{RSM:Ahm98,
  author =       "G.F. Ahmad and D. H Brooks and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "An Admissible Solution Approach to Inverse
                 Electrocardiography",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "278--292",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Aka87,
  author =       "N. Akamatsu",
  title =        "Body Surface Composite Electrodes for {ECG} Inverse
                 Problem",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 9th
                 Annual International Conference",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "182--183",
  robnote =      "A paper about a pretty strange set of electrodes from
                 one of the Japanese groups. The electrodes are heavy,
                 mechanical units which contain recessed steel
                 electrodes and must be applied in a special slatted
                 bed., BSPM041",
}

@Article{RSM:Aka97,
  author =       "M. Akahoshi and M. Hirai and Y. Inden and H. Sano and
                 A Shimizu and T. Kondo and M. Makino and M. Horiba and
                 Y. Yoshida and N. Tsuboi and H Hirayama and T. Ito and
                 H. Hayashi and H. Saito",
  title =        "Body-Surface distribution of changes in
                 activation-recovery intervals before and after catheter
                 ablation in patients with {W}olff-{P}arkinson-{W}hite
                 syndrome: {C}linical evidence for ventricular
                 'electrical remodeling' with prolongation of
                 action-potential duration over a preexcited area",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "96",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1566",
  robnote =      "paper about repolarization changes recorded after
                 catheter ablation usng QRST integral maps and body
                 surface ARIs",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 07 20:23:17 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Aki78,
  author =       "H. Akima",
  title =        "A Method of Bivariate Interpolation and Smooth Surface
                 Fitting for Irregularly Distributed Data Points",
  journal =      j-ACM-TMS,
  year =         "1978",
  pages =        "148--159",
  robnote =      "A BSPM subroutine to make a regular Z-array from the
                 irregular one normally gathered from the data.,
                 CompSoft007",
}

@Article{RSM:Aki78a,
  author =       "T. Akiyama and J.F. Richeson and J.T. Ingram and J.
                 Oravec",
  title =        "Effects of varying the electrical conductivity of the
                 medium between the heart and the body surface on the
                 epicardial and precordial electrocardiogram in the
                 pig.",
  journal =      j-CAR,
  year =         "1978",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "697--702",
  robnote =      "A real original paper on the effects of changing the
                 conductivity of the pig chest on both epicardial and
                 torso surface potentials, during ischemia. They do some
                 clever things like adding saline-soaked sponges, with
                 open and closed chest, filling the chest with saline
                 solution, etc. They found clear changes in potentials
                 and even showed a shift in the apparent location of the
                 ischemia, based on where they applied saline bridges to
                 the chest cavity. They also found that an air pocket in
                 the chest was enough to block ST segment shifts from
                 the precordial lead directly above it. This is only
                 reference I have found so far that recorded epicardial
                 and torso potentials during ischemia. inhomogeneity",
}

@Article{RSM:Aki81,
  author =       "T. Akiyama",
  title =        "Intracellular recording of in situ ventricular cells
                 during ventricular fibrillation",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "H465--H471",
  robnote =      "A neat paper on recording action potentials in beating
                 hearts during fibrillation brought about by
                 reperfusion. They suggest that things look a lot more
                 normal than expected in the cells during VF and that it
                 the APs are slow inward channels (calcium) carried and
                 not fast, sodium. Describe their system for recording
                 from floating microelectrodes.",
}

@Article{RSM:Akk2013,
  author =       "M. Akkaya and K. Higuchi and M. Koopmann and N. Burgon
                 and E. Erdogan and K. Damal and E. Kholmovski and C.
                 McGann and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Relationship between left atrial tissue structural
                 remodelling detected using late gadolinium enhancement MRI
                 and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with atrial
                 fibrillation.",
  journal =      "Europace",
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "Dec",
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1725--1732",
  robnote =      "AIMS: Therapeutic effectiveness of ablation of atrial
                 fibrillation (AF) is related to cardiovascular
                 comorbidities. We studied the relationship between left
                 ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left atrial tissue
                 structural remodelling (LA-SRM), in patients presenting
                 for AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 404 AF
                 patients who received a late gadolinium enhancement
                 magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) prior to catheter
                 ablation. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as LV
                 mass index >116 g/m(2) in men and >104 g/m(2) in women.
                 One hundred and twenty-two patients were classified as the
                 LVH group and 282 as the non-LVH group. We stratified
                 patients into four stages based on their degree of LA-SRM
                 (minimal, <5\% fibrosis; mild, >5-20\%; moderate,
                 >20-35\%; and extensive, >35\%). All patients underwent
                 catheter ablation with pulmonary vein isolation and
                 posterior wall and septal debulking. The procedural
                 outcome was monitored over a 1-year follow-up period. The
                 mean LA-SRM was significantly higher in patients with LVH
                 (19.4 +/- 13.2\%) than in non-LVH patients (15.3 +/-
                 9.8\%; P< 0.01). Patients with LVH generally had extensive
                 LA-SRM (moderate and extensive stages; 38.5\% of LVH
                 group) as compared with non-LVH patients (23.1\% of
                 non-LVH group; P < 0.01). A Cox regression analysis showed
                 that patients with LVH also had significantly higher AF
                 recurrence rates than non-LVH patients (43.2 vs. 28\%; P =
                 0.008) during the 1-year follow-up period post-ablation.
                 CONCLUSION: Patients with LVH tend to have a significantly
                 greater degree of LA-SRM, when compared with patients
                 without LVH. Moreover, LA-SRM is a predictor for
                 procedural success in patients undergoing AF ablation
                 procedure.",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 25 06:14:09 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Akk2013a,
  author =       "M. Akkaya and K. Higuchi and M. Koopmann and K. Damal and
                 N.S. Burgon and E. Kholmovski and C. McGann and N.
                 Marrouche",
  title =        "Higher degree of left atrial structural remodeling in
                 patients with atrial fibrillation and left ventricular
                 systolic dysfunction.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "485--491",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation significantly improves the
                 left ventricular (LV) function in patients with atrial
                 fibrillation (AF) and LV systolic dysfunction. In this
                 study, we compared the degree of left atrial structural
                 remodeling (LA-SRM) in patients with normal versus reduced
                 LV ejection fraction (LVEF). We also studied the impact of
                 LA-SRM on LVEF improvement in patients undergoing ablation
                 of AF. METHOD AND RESULTS: We categorized 384 patients
                 into 2 groups based on their cardiac function: reduced
                 LVEF group (LVEF </=50\%; n = 105) and normal LVEF group
                 (LVEF > 50\%; n = 279). LVEF was determined prior and mean
                 8 +/- 3 months after catheter ablation for AF. Percentage
                 of LA-SRM was quantified using LGE-MRI and patients were
                 classified into 4 groups based on the amount of structural
                 remodeling in their LA wall: minimal </= 5\%, mild =
                 5-20\%, moderate = 20-35\%, and extensive >/= 35\%. The
                 average preablation LA-SRM (21.5 +/- 13.2\% vs 15.4 +/-
                 10.0\%; P < 0.001) was significantly higher in reduced
                 LVEF group than normal LVEF group. Among the 105 patients
                 with reduced LVEF, while there was a modest 11.7 +/- 8.4\%
                 average increase in LVEF following ablation, the greatest
                 increase was seen in patients with less extensive LA-SRM
                 (minimal = 19.3 +/- 5.1\%, n = 3, P = 0.02 and mild = 16.6
                 +/- 9.9\%, n = 48, P < 0.001). Patients with moderate and
                 extensive fibrosis had an average EF improvement of 8.7
                 +/- 11.1\% and 2.8 +/- 6.4\%, respectively (n = 39, P <
                 0.001 and n = 15, P = 0.11, respectively). CONCLUSION:
                 Patients with LV systolic dysfunction displayed a
                 comparatively greater LA-SRM than patients with normal
                 LVEF. Patients with lesser LA-SRM experienced a greater
                 improvement in LVEF after catheter ablation for AF.",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 25 06:14:09 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Ako2009,
  author =       "N. Akoum and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Real-time imaging in electrophysiology: from
                 intra-cardiac echo to real-time magnetic resonance
                 imaging.",
  journal =      "Europace",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "539--540",
  robnote =       "afib CARMA",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 5 05:20:20 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Ako2011,
  author =       "N. Akoum and M. Daccarett and C. McGann and
                 N. Segerson and G. Vergara and S. Kuppahally
                 and T. Badger and N. Burgon and T. Haslam and
                 E. Kholmovski and R.S. MacLeod and N.F.
                 Marrouche",
  title =        "Atrial fibrosis helps select the appropriate patient
                 and strategy in catheter ablation of atrial
                 fibrillation: a {DE-MRI} guided approach.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2011",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--22",
  robnote =      "Paper that outlines Utah Scoring scheme for afib.",
  pmcid =        "PMC3133570",
}

@Article{RSM:Ako2012,
  author =       "N. Akoum and C. McGann and G. Vergara and T. Badger and
                  R. Ranjan and C. Mahnkopf and E. Kholmovski and R.S. MacLeod
                  and N. Marrouche",
  title =        "Atrial fibrosis quantified using late gadolinium
                 enhancement {MRI} is associated with sinus node dysfunction
                 requiring pacemaker implant.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2012",
  month =        "Jan",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--50",
  robnote =      "We assessed the value of atrial fibrosis, quantified using
                  late gadolinium enhanced-MRI (LGE-MRI), in predicting
                  significant SND requiring pacemaker implant. METHODS: Three
                  hundred forty-four patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)
                  presenting for catheter ablation underwent LGE-MRI. Left
                  atrial (LA) fibrosis was quantified in all patients and right
                  atrial (RA) fibrosis in 134 patients. All patients underwent
                  catheter ablation with pulmonary vein isolation with
                  posterior wall and septal debulking. Patients were followed
                  prospectively for 329 +/- 245 days. Ambulatory monitoring was
                  instituted every 3 months. Symptomatic pauses and bradycardia
                  were treated with pacemaker implantation per published
                  guidelines. RESULTS: The average wall fibrosis was 16.7 +/-
                  11.1\% in the LA, and 5.3 +/- 6.4\% in the RA. RA fibrosis
                  was correlated with LA fibrosis (R(2) = 0.26; P <
                  0.01). Patients were divided into 4 stages of LA fibrosis
                  (Utah I: <5\%, Utah II: 5-20\%, Utah III: 20-35\%, Utah IV:
                  >35\%). Twenty-two patients (mean atrial fibrosis, 23.9\%)
                  required pacemaker implantation during follow-up. Univariate
                  and multivariate analysis identified LA fibrosis stage (OR,
                  2.2) as a significant predictor for pacemaker implantation
                  with an area under the curve of 0.704. CONCLUSIONS: In
                  patients with AF presenting for catheter ablation, LGE-MRI
                  quantification of atrial fibrosis demonstrates preferential
                  LA involvement. Significant atrial fibrosis is associated
                  with clinically significant SND requiring pacemaker
                  implantation.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 18 08:09:07 2013",
  pmcid =        "PMC4465539"
}

@Article{RSM:Ako2013,
  author =       "N. Akoum and G. Fernandez and B. Wilson and C. McGann and
                 E. Kholmovski and N. Marrouche",
  title =        "Association of Atrial Fibrosis Quantified Using {LGE-MRI}
                 with Atrial Appendage Thrombus and Spontaneous Contrast on
                 Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients with Atrial
                 Fibrillation.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2013",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "1104--1109",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is
                 used to evaluate for left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombi
                 prior to restoration of sinus rhythm in atrial
                 fibrillation (AF). We examined the relationship of atrial
                 fibrosis quantified using late gadolinium enhancement MRI
                 (LGE-MRI) with TEE findings. METHODS AND RESULTS: We
                 included 178 patients with AF, undergoing TEE and LGE-MRI
                 prior to ablation or cardioversion. LGE-MRI and subsequent
                 image processing was used to quantify atrial fibrosis
                 based on signal intensity analysis. The mean CHADS2 score
                 was 1.24 +/- 1.08 and CHA2 DS2 -VASc was 2.08 +/- 1.33.
                 The LAA was classified as normal, spontaneous
                 echocardiographic contrast (SEC) present or thrombus
                 present. LAA thrombus was found in 12 patients (6.7\%)
                 while SEC was identified in 19 patients (10.7\%). Patients
                 with thrombus had higher atrial fibrosis compared to
                 patients without thrombus (26.9 +/- 17.4\% vs 16.7 +/-
                 10.5\%; P < 0.01). Atrial fibrosis was also higher in
                 patients with SEC (23.3 +/- 13.7\%) compared to those
                 without SEC (16.7 +/- 10.8\%; P = 0.01). Patients with
                 high atrial fibrosis (>20\%) were more likely to have a
                 LAA thrombus (odds ratio 4.6; P = 0.02) and SEC (odds
                 ratio 2.6; P = 0.06). Multivariate logistic regression
                 showed high fibrosis (odds ratio 3.6; P < 0.01) and CHADS2
                 >/=2 (odds ratio 3.5; P < 0.01) were significant
                 predictors of TEE abnormalities (LAA thrombus or SEC). The
                 area under the curve for the model including high
                 fibrosis, AF type and CHADS2 >/=2 or CHA2 DS2 -VASc >/=2
                 was 0.73 compared to 0.63 and 0.65 for CHADS2 and CHA2 DS2
                 -VASc alone. CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrosis is independently
                 associated with appendage thrombus and spontaneous
                 contrast. It provides additional risk stratification not
                 captured by clinical parameters.",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 25 06:14:09 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Ako2015,
  author =       "N. Akoum and A. Morris and D. Perry and J. Cates and N.
                 Burgon and E. Kholmovski and R. MacLeod and N. Marrouche",
  title =        "Substrate Modification Is a Better Predictor of Catheter
                 Ablation Success in Atrial Fibrillation Than Pulmonary
                 Vein Isolation: An LGE-MRI Study.",
  journal =      "Clin. Med. Insights Cardiol.",
  year =         "2015",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "25--31",
  robnote =      "We used late-gadolinium
                 enhancement MRI (LGE-MRI) to examine the relationship of
                 ablation-induced scarring in the pulmonary vein (PV)
                 region and overall atrium to evaluate the role of PV
                 encirclement and substrate modification in predicting
                 outcome of catheter ablation in AF. METHODS AND RESULTS:
                 LGE-MRI was performed to quantify baseline atrial
                 fibrosis, which was classified into four stages (stage I
                 with fibrosis <10\%, stage II with fibrosis 10-20\%, stage
                 III with fibrosis 20-30\%, and stage IV with fibrosis
                 >/=30\%). Patients then underwent ablation and repeat
                 LGE-MRI at three months to assess for ablation-induced
                 scarring. PVs were studied to evaluate for complete
                 encirclement with scar. Image processing was used to
                 overlay the scar onto baseline fibrosis to assess the
                 overlap and calculate residual fibrosis. A total of 172
                 patients were included with an average baseline fibrosis
                 of 14.6 +/- 8.4\%. The average number of PVs encircled
                 with scar at three months was 1.2 +/- 1.3 with only 9\% of
                 patients having all four PVs completely encircled. The
                 average residual fibrosis was 11.9 +/- 7.3\%. High
                 residual fibrosis was defined as >10\%. Recurrent AF was
                 found in 60 patients (34.9\%) over a follow-up of 346 +/-
                 82 days. Baseline and high residual fibrosis were
                 significant predictors of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] of
                 2.2; P < 0.01 and HR of 3.2; P < 0.01, respectively). The
                 number of PV encircled was not a significant predictor of
                 recurrence. CONCLUSION: LGE-MRI of ablation-induced
                 scarring demonstrates that chronic PV encirclement is
                 rarely achieved. Procedural outcomes are better predicted
                 by baseline atrial fibrosis and ablation-induced substrate
                 modification.",
  pmcid =        "PMC4412417",
}

@Book{RSM:Alb2002,
  author =       "B. Alberts",
  title =        "Molecular Biology of the Cell",
  edition =      "4th Edition",
  publisher =    "Garland Science",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "2002",
}

@Article{RSM:Alb66,
  author = 	 "D.J. Albert",
  title = 	 "The effect of spreading depression on the consolidation of
                  learning",
  journal = 	 "Neuropsychologia",
  year = 	 1966,
  volume = 	 4,
  number = 	 1,
  pages = 	 "49--64",
  Robnote = 	 "First modern reference to tDCS"
}

@Article{RSM:Alb66a,
  author = 	 "D.J. Albert",
  title = 	 "The effects of polarizing currents on the consolidation of
                  learning",
  journal = 	 "Neuropsychologia",
  year = 	 1966,
  volume = 	 4,
  number = 	 1,
  pages = 	 "65--777",
  Robnote = 	 "First modern reference to tDCS"
}

@Article{RSM:Alc2016,
  author = 	 "A. Alcaine and N.M. de Groot and P. Laguna and J.P. Martínez
                  and R.P. Houben",
  title = 	 "Spatiotemporal Model-Based Estimation of High-Density Atrial
                  Fibrillation Activation Map",
  journal = 	 "Dig. Sign. Proc.",
  year = 	 2016,
  volume = 	 54,
  pages = 	 "64--74",
  Robnote = 	 "Leducq"
}

@Article{RSM:Alc2017,
  author = 	 "A. Alcaine and M. Mase and A. Cristoforetti and F. Ravelli
                  and G. Nollo and P. Laguna and J. P. Martínez and L. Faes",
  title = 	 "A Multi-Variate Predictability Framework to Assess Invasive
                  Cardiac Activity and Interactions during Atrial
                  Fibrillation",
  journal = 	 j-BME,
  year = 	 2017,
  volume = 	 64,
  number = 	 5,
  pages = 	 "1157--1168",
  Robnote = 	 "Leducq"
}

@Article{RSM:Ald83,
  author =       "R.W. Aldrich and D.P. Corey and C.F. Stevens",
  title =        "A Reinterpretation of Mammalian Sodium Channel Gating
                 Based on Single Channel Recording",
  journal =      "Nature",
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "436--441",
  robnote =      ", CellPhysiol022",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Alf89,
  author =       "P. Alfeld",
  title =        "Scattered data interpolation in three or more
                 variables",
  booktitle =    "Mathematical Methods in Computer Aided Geometric
                 Design",
  publisher =    pub-AP,
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "T. Lyche and L.L. Schumaker",
  pages =        "1--33",
  address =      "Boston",
  robnote =      "A great review by Peter Alfeld for interpolating of
                 data in several variables. Good source of references.",
}

@Article{RSM:Ali96,
  author =       "R.R. Aliev and A.V. Panfilov",
  title =        "Modeling of heart excitation patterns caused by a
                 local inhomogeneity.",
  journal =      "J Theor Biol",
  year =         "1996",
  month =        jul,
  volume =       "181",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--40",
  robnote =      "We simulate wave propagation in the whole heart
                 containing a local inhomogeneity whose properties mimic
                 some properties of cardiac tissue during the acute
                 phase of infarction. The dynamics of cardiac tissue is
                 described by a FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model. We show
                 that two or several short-period stimulations of the
                 heart lead to the development of a three-dimensional
                 vortex ring, which is a temporal source of high
                 frequency waves. The vortex ring is located near the
                 boundary of the infarction and induces wave patterns
                 which appear as several focal wave sources on the
                 epicard and endocard. We have traced the filament of
                 the vortex and show its dynamics. Continuous
                 stimulation of the heart at high frequency resulted in
                 the Wenckebach effect.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 8 18:24:04 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:All2001,
  author =       "M.A. Allessie and P.A. Boyden and A.J. Camm and
                  A.G. Kleber and M.J. Lab and M.J. Legato and M.R.
                 Rosen and P.J. Schwartz and P.M. Spooner and D.R.
                 Van Wagoner and A.L. Waldo",
  title =        "Pathophysiology and prevention of atrial
                 fibrillation",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "103",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "769--77",
  year =         "2001",
  robnotes =     "afib",
}

@InCollection{RSM:All2005,
  author =       "P. Alliez and D. Cohen-Steiner and M. Yvinec and M.
                 Desbrun",
  title =        "Variational tetrahedral meshing",
  booktitle =    "International Conference on Computer Graphics and
                 Interactive Techniques",
  publisher =    "ACM Press, New York, NY, USA",
  year =         "2005",
  pages =        "617--625",
  robnote =      "mesh generation paper that we want to try for our mesh
                 application in SCIRun",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 07 14:10:20 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:All2009,
  author =       "M.A. Allessie",
  title =        "The second factor: a first step toward diagnosing the
                 substrate of atrial fibrillation?",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Apr",
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "1192--1193",
  robnote =       "afb editorial connected with RSM:Sti2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 7 22:15:47 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:All77,
  author =       "M.A. Allessie and F.I.M. Bonke and J.G. Schopman",
  title =        "Circus Movement in Rabbit Atrial Muscle as a Mechanism
                 of Tachycardia {III}. The Leading Circle Concept: {A}
                 New Model of Circus Movement in Cardiac Tissue without
                 the Involvment of an Atonomical Obstacle",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "40",
  pages =        "9--18",
  robnote =      "afib A good one too!, Arrhythm003",
}

@InCollection{RSM:All85,
  author =       "M.A. Allesie and W.J.E.P. Lammers and F.F.M. Bonke and
                 J. Hollen",
  title =        "Experimental Evaluation of Moe's Multiple Wavelet
                 Hypothesis of Atrial Fibrillation",
  booktitle =    "Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Grune \& Stratton",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1985",
  pages =        "265--275",
  robnote =      "afib, Arrhythm004",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:All91,
  author =       "D.F. Allen and D.R. Haynor and G.H. Bardy",
  title =        "Visualization of 3-{D} finite element model analysis
                 of defibrillation.",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS91,
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "774--775",
  publisher =    "IEEE",
  robnote =      "Ag review of a few different graphics packages that
                 this group checked out. Ape, AVS, XDataslice, and home
                 brewed stuff. They chose AVS in the end.",
}

@Article{RSM:Als2000,
  author =       "N. Al-Saadi and E. Nagel and M. Gross and A. Bornstedt
                 and B. Schnackenburg and C. Klein and W. Klimek and H.
                 Oswald and E. Fleck",
  title =        "Noninvasive detection of myocardial ischemia from
                 perfusion reserve based on cardiovascular magnetic
                 resonance",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "101",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1379--83",
}

@Article{RSM:Als85,
  author =       "J.A. Van Alste and T.S. Schilder",
  title =        "Removel of Base-Line Wander and Power-Line
                 Interference from the {ECG} by an Efficient {FIR}
                 Filter with a Reduced Number of Taps",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "1052--1060",
  robnote =      "Read it!, ECG009",
}

@Article{RSM:Als86,
  author =       "J.A. Van Alste and W. van Eck and O.E. Herrmann",
  title =        "{ECG} Baseline Wander Reduction Using Linear Phase
                 Filters",
  journal =      j-CBR,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "417--427",
  robnote =      "From the title it looks good so I had better read it.
                 Signal processing and filters, baseline correction.,
                 ECG062",
}

@Book{RSM:Ame85,
  author =       "American Heart Association",
  title =        "Heart Facts",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "AHA, Office of Communications",
  address =      "Dallas, TX",
  year =         "1985",
  robnote =      "A reference to the incedence of heart attacks in the
                 American population thesis, Ischemia159",
}

@Article{RSM:Amo88,
  author =       "J.N. Amoore and Y. Rudy",
  title =        "The Effect of Variations of Ventricular Volume on the
                 Electrocardiogram. {A} Comparison of Two Model
                 Simulations",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "21",
  pages =        "154--160",
  robnote =      ", TorsoModel031",
}

@Article{RSM:And2014,
  author = 	 "J. Andrade and P. Khairy  and D. Dobrev and S. Nattel ",
  title = 	 "The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial
                  fibrillation: relationships among clinical features,
                  epidemiology, and mechanisms",
  journal = 	 j-CR,
  year = 	 2014,
  volume = 	 114,
  pages = 	 "1453--1468",
  Robnote = 	 "AF Leducq"
}

@Article{RSM:And88,
  author =       "W.D. Anderson and N.B. Wagner and K.L. Lee and R.D.
                 White and J. Yuschak and V.S. Behar and R.H. Selvester
                 and R.E. Ideker and G.S. Wagner",
  title =        "Evaluation of a {QRS} Scoring System for Estimating
                 Myocardial Infarct Size. {VI}: Identification of
                 Screening Criteria for Non-Acute Myocardial Infarcts.",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "729--733",
  robnote =      "Another installment of Selvester's scoring scheme and
                 how it worked to sort out MI types. A subset of the
                 full criteria actually work better than the total
                 package, or so it seems from the paper. Lots of
                 references on identifying various sorts of infarct and
                 placing them on the heart., ECG068",
}

@TechReport{RSM:And89,
  author =       "H.S. Anderson and J.A. Berton and P.G. Carswell and
                 D.S. Dyer and {Faust, J.T.} and J.L. Kempf and R.E.
                 Marshall",
  title =        "The animation production environment: {A} basis for
                 visualization and amination of scientific data",
  institution =  "Ohio Supercomputer Graphics Project",
  year =         "1989",
  address =      "Colombus, Ohio",
  month =        mar,
  robnote =      "The paper describing APE, a short-lived project to
                 create a public domain dataflow graphics program like
                 AVS",
}

@Article{RSM:And93,
  author =       "E.C. Anderson and J. Dongarra",
  title =        "Performance of {LAPACK}: {A} portable library of
                 numerical linear algebra routines.",
  journal =      "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "8",
  robnote =      "As good a ref to LAPACK as I have found any place.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 01 13:34:37 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:And94,
  author =       "J.M. Anderson and G.J. Dempsey and G.T. Wright and C.
                 Cullen and M. Crawley and E.T. McAdams and J.
                 McLaughlin and G. MacKenzie and A.A. Adgey",
  title =        "Portable cardiac mapping assessment of acute ischaemic
                 injury.",
  journal =      "Methods Inf Med (MVI)",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--5",
  robnote =      "A paper from the Belfast group on a portable mapping
                 system for BSPM and early detection of MI. Meridian",
}

@Article{RSM:Ang2015,
  author =       "N. Angel and L.I. Li and R.S. Macleod and N. Marrouche
                 and R. Ranjan and D.J. Dosdall",
  title =        "Diverse Fibrosis Architecture and Premature Stimulation
                 Facilitate Initiation of Reentrant Activity Following
                 Chronic Atrial Fibrillation.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Dec",
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1352--1360",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: Patients with paroxysmal atrial
                 fibrillation (AF) often transition between sinus rhythm
                 and AF. For AF to initiate there must be both a trigger
                 and a substrate that facilitates reentrant activity. This
                 trigger is often caused by a premature atrial contraction
                 or focal activations within the atrium. We hypothesize
                 that specific architectures of fibrosis alter local
                 conduction to enable AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Control
                 goats (n = 13) and goats in chronic AF (for an average of
                 6 months, n = 6) had a high-density electrode plaque
                 placed on the LA appendage. Conduction patterns following
                 a premature atrial contraction, caused by an electrical
                 stimulation, were quantified to determine regions of
                 conduction slowing. These regions were compared to
                 architecture, either diffuse fibrosis or regions of
                 obstructive fibrosis, and overall fibrosis levels as
                 determined by histology from the mapped region. The
                 chronic AF goats had more obstructive fibrosis than the
                 controls (17.5 +/- 8.0 fibers/mm(2) vs. 8.6 +/- 3.0
                 fibers/mm(2)). Conduction velocity of the AF goats was
                 significantly slowed compared to the control goats in the
                 transverse direction (0.40 +/- 0.04 m/s vs. 0.53 +/- 0.15
                 m/s) but not in the longitudinal direction (0.70 +/- 0.27
                 m/s vs. 0.76 +/- 0.18 m/s). CONCLUSIONS: AF-induced atrial
                 remodeling leads to increased obstructive fibrosis and
                 conduction velocity slowing transverse to fiber
                 orientation following premature stimuli. The decrease in
                 conduction velocity causes a decrease in the cardiac
                 wavelength, and increases the likelihood of reentry and AF
                 onset.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 14 09:59:57 2017",
  pmcid =        "PMC4729779",
}

@Article{RSM:Ans2001,
  author =       "F. Anselme and N. Saoudi",
  title =        "Assessment of complete isthmus block after ablation of
                 typical atrial flutter: can we rely on a single
                 criterion?",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "400--401",
  keywords =     "afib Atrial Flutter/*physiopathology/*therapy *Catheter
                 Ablation Heart/*physiopathology *Heart Arrest, Induced
                 Humans",
  year =         "2001",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Ant85,
  author =       "C. Antzelevitch and J.M. Davidenko and X. Shen and
                 G.K. Moe",
  title =        "Reflected Reentry: Electrophysiology and
                 Pharmacology",
  booktitle =    "Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Grune \& Stratton",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1985",
  pages =        "252--264",
  robnote =      ", Arrhythm011",
}

@Article{RSM:Ant91,
  author =       "C. Antzelevitch and S. Sicouri and S.H. Litovsky and
                 A. Lukas and S.C. Krishnan and DiegoDi and G.A. Gintant
                 and D.W. Liu",
  title =        "Heterogeneity within the ventricular wall.
                 {E}lectrophysiology and pharmacology of epicardial,
                 endocardial, and {M} cells",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1427--49",
  month =        "Dec.",
  robnote =      "early reference to M cells. LQTS",
}

@Article{RSM:Ant96,
  author =       "C. Antzelevitch and Z.Q. Sun and Z.Q. Zhang and G.X.
                 Yan",
  title =        "Cellular and ionic mechanisms underlying
                 erythromycin-induced long {QT} intervals and torsade de
                 pointes.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1836--48",
  robnote =      "Erythromycin is known to produce long QTU intervals on
                 the electrocardiogram (ECG) and to be associated with
                 the development of torsade de pointes.In isolated
                 strips, erythromycin (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) produced
                 a much more pronounced prolongation of the action
                 potential duration (APD) in M cells than in endocardial
                 and epicardial cells, resulting in the development of a
                 large dispersion of repolarization across the
                 ventricular wall at slows timulation rates.
                 Erythromycin (50 to 100 micrograms/ml) induced early
                 after depolarizations (EADs) in cells in the M (20%)
                 but not epicardial or endocardial regions in transmural
                 strips of ventricular free wall.In the wedge
                 preparation, a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
                 closely resembling TdP was readily and reproducibly
                 induced after erythromycin but not before. LQTS",
}

@Article{RSM:Ant98,
  author =       "C. Antzelevitch and W. Shimizu and G.X. Yan and S.
                 Sicouri",
  title =        "Cellular basis for {QT} dispersion.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "168--75",
  robnote =      "The start of the T wave is caused by a more rapid
                 decline of the plateau, or phase 2 of the epicardial
                 action potential, creating a voltage gradient across
                 the wall. The gradient increases as the epicardial
                 action potential continues to repolarize, reaching a
                 maximum with full repolarization of epicardium; this
                 juncture marks the peak of the T wave. The next region
                 to repolarize is endocardium, giving rise to the
                 initial descending limb of the upright T wave. The last
                 region to repolarize is the M region, contributing to
                 the final segment of the T wave. LQTS",
}

@Article{RSM:Anu2013,
  author = 	 "R. Anumolu and B. Robinson and L.F. Pease",
  title = 	 "Chopstick nanorods: {T}uning the angle between pairs with
                  high yield (Retracted)",
  journal = 	 "Nano Lett.",
  year = 	 2013,
  volume = 	 13,
  number = 	 9,
  pages = 	 "4580--4580",
  Robnote = 	 "retraction of a fraud case from Utah"
}

@Article{RSM:Aok87,
  author =       "M. Aoki and Y. Okamoto and T. Musha and K. Harumi",
  title =        "Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Ventricular
                 Depolarization and Repolarization Processes and Body
                 Surface Potentials: Normal Heart and Bundle Branch
                 Block",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "454--462",
  robnote =      "A 3-d propogation model of the heart, placed in the
                 homogeneous torso which produces surface potentials,
                 VCG's and BSPM's., Prop011",
}

@Article{RSM:Api89,
  author =       "S. Apiki and S. Diehl",
  title =        "Curing the Brownout Blues",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "172--176",
  robnote =      "A revierw of several UPS (uninterrupted power
                 supplies) devices, the ultimate in protection for a
                 computer. circuit protection, spike protection,
                 CompHard145",
}

@Article{RSM:Apo89,
  author =       "Apodaca T.",
  title =        "The RenderMan Interface",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "267--276",
  robnote =      "A new software interface for the graphics applications
                 which fall between 3D graphics and rendering.,
                 CompSoft140",
}

@Article{RSM:Ara2000,
  author =       "AE. Arai",
  title =        "Magnetic resonance first-pass myocardial perfusion
                 imaging",
  journal =      "Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
  year =         "2000",
  month =        dec,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "383--98",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ara2009,
  author = 	 "K.K. Aras and S. Shome and D.J. Swenson and
		  J.G. Stinstra and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Electrocardiographic Response of the Heart to
		  Myocardial Ischemia ",
  booktitle = 	 "Computers in Cardiology 2009",
  year = 	 2009,
  pages = 	 "105--108",
  robnote = 	 "Kedar's first paper at CinC09",
  bibdate = 	 "Sat Sep 19 12:38:40 2009",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ara2011,
  author = 	 "K.K. Aras and D.J. Swenson and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "The Origin of Myocardial Ischemia is Not Limited to the
                  Sub-endocardium",
  booktitle = "International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology
                  (ISCE)",
  year = 	 2011,
  Robnote = 	 "Kedar poster at ISCE"
}

@Article{RSM:Ara2011a,
  author = 	 "K.K. Aras and D.J. Swenson and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Heterogeneous electrographic myocardial response during
                  ischemia ",
  journal = 	 j-JE,
  year = 	 2011,
  volume = 	 44,
  number = 	 6,
  pages = 	 748,
  Robnote = 	 "ISCE 2011?"
}

@Article{RSM:Ara2014,
  author =       "K.K. Aras and B. Burton and D. Swenson and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Sensitivity of epicardial electrical markers to acute
                 ischemia detection.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  volume =       47,
  number =       6,
  year =         "2014",
  pages =        "836--841",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: We hypothesize that electrocardiographic
                 measurements from the intramyocardial space contain more
                 sensitive markers of ischemia than those detectable on the
                 epicardium. The goal of this study was to evaluate
                 different electrical markers for their potential to detect
                 the earliest phases of acute myocardial ischemia. METHODS:
                 We conducted acute ischemia studies in open chest animal,
                 by creating finely controlled demand or supply ischemic
                 episodes and recording intramyocardial and epicardial
                 potentials. RESULTS: Under the conditions of mild
                 perfusion deficit, acute ischemia induced changes in the T
                 wave that were larger and could be detected earlier on the
                 epicardial surface than ST-segment changes. CONCLUSIONS:
                 Our findings indicate that in the setting of very acute
                 ischemia, epicardial T waves have higher sensitivity to
                 mild degrees of acute ischemia than epicardial ST
                 potentials. These results suggest that changes in the T
                 wave shape may augment shifts in ST segments to improve
                 ECG based localization of ischemia.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 12 09:13:39 2014",
  pmcid =        "PMC4252649",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Ara2015,
  author = 	 "K.K. Aras",
  title = 	 "Bioelectric Source Characterization of Acute Myocardial
                  Ischemia",
  school = 	 "University of Utah",
  year = 	 2015,
  Robnote = 	 "Kedar finished his thesis!"
}

@Article{RSM:Ara2015a,
  author = 	 "K.K. Aras and W. Good and J. Tate and B.M. Burton and
                  D.H. Brooks and J. Coll-Font and O. Doessel and W. Schulze
                  and D. Patyogaylo and L. Wang and P. {van Dam} and
                  R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Experimental Data and Geometric Analysis Repository: {EDGAR}",
  journal = 	 j-JE,
  year = 	 2015,
  volume = 	 48,
  number = 	 6,
  pages = 	 "975--981",
  pmcid =        "4624576",
  Robnote = 	 "EDGAR paper"
}

@Article{RSM:Ara2016,
  author = 	 "K.K. Aras and B.M. Burton and D.J. Swenson and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Spatial Organization of Acute Myocardial Ischemia",
  journal = 	 j-JE,
  year = 	 2016,
  volume = 	 49,
  number = 	 3,
  pages = 	 "689--692",
  pmcid =        4853261 }

@Article{RSM:Ara2017,
  author = 	 "K.K. Aras and B.M. Burton and D.J. Swenson and J. Blauer and
                  R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Acute Myocardial Ischemia",
  journal = 	 j-JE,
  year = 	 "2017",
  OPTkey = 	 "",
  OPTvolume = 	 "",
  OPTnumber = 	 "",
  OPTpages = 	 "",
  OPTmonth = 	 "",
  note = 	 "(in preparation)",
  OPTRobnote = 	 ""
}

@Article{RSM:Are2012,
  author = 	 "H. Arevalo and H. Estner and C. Park and H. Halperin
                  and N.A. Trayanova",
  title = 	 "In-vivo {MRI}-based models of infarct-related ventricular
                  tachycardia successfully predict optimal ablation site",
  journal =      j-HR,
  year = 	 2012,
  volume = 	 9,
  number = 	 5,
  pages = 	 "S181",
  Robnote = 	 "First paper from predicting reentry in pig model."
}

@Article{RSM:Ari83,
  author =       "G. Arisi and E. Macchi and S. Baruffi and S. Spaggiari
                 and B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Potential Fields on the Ventricaular Surface of the
                 Exposed Dog Heart During Normal Excitation",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "706--715",
  robnote =      "An experimantal paper of proagation in the dog,
                 mapping, epicardial. thesis, Prop005",
}

@Article{RSM:Ari92,
  author =       "G. Arisi and E. Macchi and C. Corradi and R.L. Lux and
                 B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Epicardial excitation during ventricular pacing:
                 Relative independence of breakthrough sites from
                 excitation sequence in canine right ventricle",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "840--849",
  robnote =      "Georgio and Emilio's paper looking at epicardial
                 breakthrough sites, how numerous they are, and how much
                 spatial resolution is required from the mapping system
                 to see them all.",
}

@Article{RSM:Arm2005,
  author =       "J.A. Armour and L.P. Richer and P. Page and A. Vinet
                 and T. Kus and M. Vermeulen and R. Nadeau and R.
                 Cardinal",
  title =        "Origin and pharmacological response of atrial
                 tachyarrhythmias induced by activation of mediastinal
                 nerves in canines.",
  journal =      "Auton Neurosci",
  year =         "2005",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "118",
  number =       "1-2",
  pages =        "68--78",
  robnote =      "afib, We sought to determine the sites of origin of
                 atrial tachyarrhythmias induced by activating
                 mediastinal nerves, as well as the response of such
                 arrhythmias to autonomic modulation. Under general
                 anaesthesia, atrioventricular block was induced after
                 thoracotomy in 19 canines. Brief trains of 5 electrical
                 stimuli were delivered to right-sided mediastinal
                 nerves during the atrial refractory period. Unipolar
                 electrograms were recorded from 191 right and left
                 atrial epicardial sites under several conditions, i.e.
                 (i) with intact nervous systems and following (ii)
                 acute decentralization of the intrathoracic nervous
                 system or administration of (iii) atropine, (iv)
                 timolol, (v) hexamethonium. Concomitant right atrial
                 endocardial mapping was performed in 7 of these dogs.
                 Mediastinal nerve stimulation consistently initiated
                 bradycardia followed by atrial tachyarrhythmias. In the
                 initial tachyarrhythmia beats, early epicardial
                 breakthroughs were identified in the right atrial free
                 wall (28/50 episodes) or Bachmann bundle region
                 (22/50), which corresponded to endocardial sites of
                 origin associated with the right atrial subsidiary
                 pacemaker complex, i.e. the crista terminalis and
                 dorsal locations including the right atrial aspect of
                 the interatrial septum. Neuronally induced responses
                 were eliminated by atropine, modified by timolol and
                 unaffected by acute neuronal decentralization. After
                 hexamethonium, responses to extra-pericardial but not
                 intra-pericardial nerve stimulation were eliminated. It
                 is concluded that concomitant activation of cholinergic
                 and adrenergic efferent intrinsic cardiac neurons
                 induced by right-sided efferent neuronal stimulation
                 initiates atrial tachyarrhythmias that originate from
                 foci anatomically related to the right atrial pacemaker
                 complex and tissues underlying major atrial
                 ganglionated plexuses.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 28 00:36:32 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Arm70,
  author =       "J.A. Armour and W.C. Randall",
  title =        "Structural Basis for Cardiac Function",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1970",
  volume =       "218",
  pages =        "1517--1523",
  robnote =      "A nice examination of the structure, fibre orientation
                 and function of a number of different hearts.,
                 Cardiol010",
}

@Article{RSM:Arm72,
  author =       "J.A. Armour and G.R. Hageman and W.C. Randall",
  title =        "Arrhythmias induced by local cardiac nerve
                 stimulation.",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1972",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "223",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1068--1075",
  robnote =      "afib, a ref from Reg Nadeau about neural influence on
                 inducing afib",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 28 00:36:32 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Arm87,
  author =       "C.M. Armstrong and R.H. Chow",
  title =        "Supercharging: {A} Method for Improving Patch-Clamp
                 Performance",
  journal =      j-BJ,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "52",
  pages =        "133--136",
  robnote =      "A neat article about the trick of starting the command
                 step of a patch clamp control voltage with a large
                 pulse to fast-charge the membrane capacity.,
                 CellPhysiol083",
}

@Article{RSM:Arm87b,
  author =       "C.M. Armstrong and J. Lopez-Barneo",
  title =        "External Calcium Ions are Required for Potassium
                 Channel Gating in Squid Neurons",
  journal =      "Science",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "236",
  pages =        "712--714",
  robnote =      "Just an example of a paper in Science, happens to deal
                 with potassium channels and what effects the gating.,
                 CellPhysiol103",
}

@Article{RSM:Arn77,
  author =       "M.F. Arnsdorf and E. Schreiner and M. Gambetta and I.
                 Friedlander and R.W. Childers",
  title =        "Electrophysiological changes in the canine atrium and
                 ventricle during progressive hyperkalaemia:
                 electrocardiographical correlates and in the {\em in
                 vivo} validation of {\em in vitro} predictions",
  journal =      j-CAR,
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "11",
  pages =        "409--418",
  robnote =      "Important because it affirms for whole body
                 measurement, the results found in vitro up to this
                 point. Biphasic response in seen throughout. Also a
                 number of important references and a minireview in the
                 introduction. thesis, Ischemia125",
}

@Article{RSM:Aro81,
  author =       "P.S. Aronson",
  title =        "Identifying Secondary Active Transport in Epithelia",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "F1--F11",
  robnote =      "Basis of lecture on secondary active transport in the
                 5401 course. renal physiology, transport.,
                 GenPhysiol020",
}

@Article{RSM:Arr92,
  author =       "M. Arrott and S. Latta",
  title =        "Perspectives on visualization",
  journal =      "IEEE Spectrum",
  year =         "1992",
  pages =        "61--65",
  month =        sep,
  robnote =      "A Spectrum overview article on the state of scientific
                 visualization at the time. Shows some nice examples of
                 what sci vis is good for and where they predict it is
                 going. graphics.",
}

@Article{RSM:Arr95,
  author =       "M.D. Arruda and K. Otomo and C. Tondo and J. Pitha and
                 H. Nakagawa and J. Bussey and R. Lazzara and W.
                 Jackman",
  title =        "Epicardial Left Ventricular Mapping and {RF} Catheter
                 Ablation from the Coronary Veins: {A} Potential
                 Approach for Ventricular Tachycardia",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "18",
  pages =        "857",
  robnote =      "An abstract on the Cardima multielectrode coronary
                 catheter system.",
}

@Article{RSM:Ash2013,
  author =       "H. Ashikaga and H. Arevalo and F. Vadakkumpadan and 3rd
                 Blake RC and J.D. Bayer and S. Nazarian and M. Muz Zviman
                 and H. Tandri and R.D. Berger and H. Calkins and D.A.
                 Herzka and N.A. Trayanova and H.R. Halperin",
  title =        "Feasibility of image-based simulation to estimate
                 ablation target in human ventricular arrhythmia.",
  journal =      "Heart Rhythm",
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1109--1116",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that magnetic
                 resonance imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)
                 may identify slowly conducting tissues in scar-related
                 ventricular tachycardia (VT). OBJECTIVE: To test the
                 feasibility of image-based simulation based on LGE to
                 estimate ablation targets in VT. METHODS: We conducted a
                 retrospective study in 13 patients who had preablation
                 magnetic resonance imaging for scar-related VT ablation.
                 We used image-based simulation to induce VT and estimate
                 target regions according to the simulated VT circuit. The
                 estimated target regions were coregistered with the LGE
                 scar map and the ablation sites from the electroanatomical
                 map in the standard ablation approach. RESULTS: In
                 image-based simulation, VT was inducible in 12 (92.3\%)
                 patients. All VTs showed macroreentrant propagation
                 patterns, and the narrowest width of estimated target
                 region that an ablation line should span to prevent VT
                 recurrence was 5.0 +/- 3.4 mm. Of 11 patients who
                 underwent ablation, the results of image-based simulation
                 and the standard approach were consistent in 9 (82\%)
                 patients, where ablation within the estimated target
                 region was associated with acute success (n = 8) and
                 ablation outside the estimated target region was
                 associated with failure (n = 1). In 1 (9\%) case, the
                 results of image-based simulation and the standard
                 approach were inconsistent, where ablation outside the
                 estimated target region was associated with acute success.
                 CONCLUSIONS: The image-based simulation can be used to
                 estimate potential ablation targets of scar-related VT.
                 The image-based simulation may be a powerful noninvasive
                 tool for preprocedural planning of ablation procedures to
                 potentially reduce the procedure time and complication
                 rates.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 31 13:50:33 2014",
  pmcid =        "PMC3735782",
}

@Article{RSM:Asm87,
  author =       "J.F. Asmus",
  title =        "Digital Image Processing in Art Conservation",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1987",
  month =        mar,
  pages =        "151--166",
  robnote =      "New technology reveals secrets in classic works of
                 art. image processing of art works., SigProc006",
}

@Article{RSM:Ati2015,
  author =       "F. Atienza and A.M. Climent and M.S. Guillem and O.
                 Berenfeld",
  title =        "Frontiers in noninvasive cardiac mapping rotors in atrial
                 fibrillation-body surface frequency-phase mapping",
  journal =      "Card. Electrophysiol. Clin.",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar.",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--69",
  robnote =      "Experimental and clinical data demonstrate that atrial
                 fibrillation (AF) maintenance in animals and groups of
                 patients depends on localized reentrant sources localized
                 primarily to the pulmonary veins and the left atrium
                 posterior wall in paroxysmal AF but elsewhere, including
                 the right atrium, in persistent AF. Moreover, AF can be
                 eliminated by directly ablating AF-driving sources, or
                 rotors, that exhibit high- frequency periodic activity.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Atk2017,
  author =       "P.R. Atkins and S.K. Aoki and R.T. Whitaker and J.A.
                 Weiss and C.L. Peters and A.E. Anderson",
  title =        "Does Removal of Subchondral Cortical Bone Provide
                 Sufficient Resection Depth for Treatment of Cam
                 Femoroacetabular Impingement?",
  journal =      "Clin Orthop Relat Res",
  year =         "2017",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "475",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1977--1986",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Residual impingement resulting from
                 insufficient resection of bone during the index
                 femoroplasty is the most-common reason for revision
                 surgery in patients with cam-type femoroacetabular
                 impingement (FAI). Development of surgical resection
                 guidelines therefore could reduce the number of patients
                 with persistent pain and reduced ROM after femoroplasty.
                 QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether removal of
                 subchondral cortical bone in the region of the lesion in
                 patients with cam FAI could restore femoral anatomy to
                 that of screened control subjects. To evaluate this, we
                 analyzed shape models between: (1) native cam and screened
                 control femurs to observe the location of the cam lesion
                 and establish baseline shape differences between groups,
                 and (2) cam femurs with simulated resections and screened
                 control femurs to evaluate the sufficiency of subchondral
                 cortical bone thickness to guide resection depth. METHODS:
                 Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of the inner and
                 outer cortical bone boundaries of the proximal femur were
                 generated by segmenting CT images from 45 control subjects
                 (29 males; 15 living subjects, 30 cadavers) with normal
                 radiographic findings and 28 nonconsecutive patients (26
                 males) with a diagnosis of cam FAI based on radiographic
                 measurements and clinical examinations. Correspondence
                 particles were placed on each femur and statistical shape
                 modeling (SSM) was used to create mean shapes for each
                 cohort. The geometric difference between the mean shape of
                 the patients with cam FAI and that of the screened
                 controls was used to define a consistent region
                 representing the cam lesion. Subchondral cortical bone in
                 this region was removed from the 3-D reconstructions of
                 each cam femur to create a simulated resection. SSM was
                 repeated to determine if the resection produced femoral
                 anatomy that better resembled that of control subjects.
                 Correspondence particle locations were used to generate
                 mean femur shapes and evaluate shape differences using
                 principal component analysis. RESULTS: In the region of
                 the cam lesion, the median distance between the mean
                 native cam and control femurs was 1.8 mm (range, 1.0-2.7
                 mm). This difference was reduced to 0.2 mm (range, -0.2 to
                 0.9 mm) after resection, with some areas of overresection
                 anteriorly and underresection superiorly. In the region of
                 resection for each subject, the distance from each
                 correspondence particle to the mean control shape was
                 greater for the cam femurs than the screened control
                 femurs (1.8 mm, [range, 1.1-2.9 mm] and 0.0 mm [range,
                 -0.2-0.1 mm], respectively; p < 0.031). After resection,
                 the distance was not different between the resected cam
                 and control femurs (0.3 mm; range, -0.2-1.0; p > 0.473).
                 CONCLUSIONS: Removal of subchondral cortical bone in the
                 region of resection reduced the deviation between the mean
                 resected cam and control femurs to within a millimeter,
                 which resulted in no difference in shape between patients
                 with cam FAI and control subjects. Collectively, our
                 results support the use of the subchondral
                 cortical-cancellous bone margin as a visual intraoperative
                 guide to limit resection depth in the correction of cam
                 FAI. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of the subchondral
                 cortical-cancellous bone boundary may provide a method to
                 guide the depth of resection during arthroscopic surgery,
                 which can be observed intraoperatively without advanced
                 tooling, or imaging.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 10:36:48 2018",
  pmcid =        "PMC5498381",
}

@Article{RSM:Atk2017a,
  author =       "P.R. Atkins and S.Y. Elhabian and P. Agrawal and M.D.
                 Harris and R.T. Whitaker and J.A. Weiss and C.L. Peters
                 and A.E. Anderson",
  title =        "Quantitative comparison of cortical bone thickness using
                 correspondence-based shape modeling in patients with cam
                 femoroacetabular impingement.",
  journal =      "J Orthop Res",
  year =         "2017",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1743--1753",
  robnote =      "The proximal femur is abnormally shaped in patients with
                 cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Impingement
                 may elicit bone remodeling at the proximal femur, causing
                 increases in cortical bone thickness. We used
                 correspondence-based shape modeling to quantify and
                 compare cortical thickness between cam patients and
                 controls for the location of the cam lesion and the
                 proximal femur. Computed tomography images were segmented
                 for 45 controls and 28 cam-type FAI patients. The
                 segmentations were input to a correspondence-based shape
                 model to identify the region of the cam lesion. Median
                 cortical thickness data over the region of the cam lesion
                 and the proximal femur were compared between mixed-gender
                 and gender-specific groups. Median [interquartile range]
                 thickness was significantly greater in FAI patients than
                 controls in the cam lesion (1.47 [0.64] vs. 1.13 [0.22]
                 mm, respectively; p < 0.001) and proximal femur (1.28
                 [0.30] vs. 0.97 [0.22] mm, respectively; p < 0.001).
                 Maximum thickness in the region of the cam lesion was more
                 anterior and less lateral (p < 0.001) in FAI patients.
                 Male FAI patients had increased thickness compared to male
                 controls in the cam lesion (1.47 [0.72] vs. 1.10 [0.19]
                 mm, respectively; p < 0.001) and proximal femur (1.25
                 [0.29] vs. 0.94 [0.17] mm, respectively; p < 0.001).
                 Thickness was not significantly different between male and
                 female controls. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Studies of
                 non-pathologic cadavers have provided guidelines regarding
                 safe surgical resection depth for FAI patients. However,
                 our results suggest impingement induces cortical
                 thickening in cam patients, which may strengthen the
                 proximal femur. Thus, these previously established
                 guidelines may be too conservative. (c) 2016 Orthopaedic
                 Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J
                 Orthop Res 35:1743-1753, 2017.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 8 10:36:48 2018",
  pmcid =        "PMC5407942",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Att76,
  author =       "E.O. Attinger",
  title =        "Material Exchange and fluid balances",
  booktitle =    "Biological Foundations of Biomedical Engineering",
  chapter =      "11",
  publisher =    "Little Brown and Co.",
  year =         "1976",
  editor =       "J. Kline",
  pages =        "217--230",
  robnote =      "Use this for BE Physiology course",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 08 19:38:41 1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Aub85,
  author =       "E.R. Aubanel and K.B. Oldham",
  title =        "Fourier Smoothing without the Fourier Transform",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1985",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "207--218",
  robnote =      "An in-depth look at using the Fourier transform to
                 remove noise from your data, numerical methods,
                 mathematical modelling, filters., CompSoft034",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Aue85,
  author =       "A. Auerbach and F. Sachs",
  title =        "High-Resolution Patch-Clamp Technique",
  booktitle =    "Voltage and Patch Clamping with Micorelectrodes",
  editor =       "T.G. Smith and H. Lecar and S.J. Redman and P.W.
                 Gage",
  publisher =    "American Physiological Society",
  address =      "Bethesda, Maryland",
  year =         "1985",
  pages =        "121--150",
  robnote =      "This is a very compact description of the patch clamp
                 technique and one which really is the best intro I've
                 read so far. It covers everything, from the
                 microelectrode preparation to capacitance compensation
                 and I used it a lot in my comprehensive.,
                 CellPhysiol075",
}

@Article{RSM:Aus2006,
  author =       "T.M. Austin and M.L. Trew and A.J. Pullan",
  title =        "Solving the cardiac bidomain equations for
                 discontinuous conductivities.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2006",
  month =        jul,
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1265--1272",
  robnote =      "Fast simulations of cardiac electrical phenomena
                 demand fast matrix solvers for both the elliptic and
                 parabolic parts of the bidomain equations. It is well
                 known that fast matrix solvers for the elliptic part
                 must address multiple physical scales in order to show
                 robust behavior. Recent research on finding the proper
                 solution method for the bidomain equations has
                 addressed this issue whereby multigrid preconditioned
                 conjugate gradients has been used as a solver. In this
                 paper, a more robust multigrid method, called Black Box
                 Multigrid, is presented as an alternative to
                 conventional geometric multigrid, and the effect of
                 discontinuities on solver performance for the elliptic
                 and parabolic part is investigated. Test problems with
                 discontinuities arising from inserted plunge electrodes
                 and naturally occurring myocardial discontinuities are
                 considered. For these problems, we explore the
                 advantages to using a more advanced multigrid method
                 like Black Box Multigrid over conventional geometric
                 multigrid. Results will indicate that for certain
                 discontinuous bidomain problems Black Box Multigrid
                 provides 60\% faster simulations than using
                 conventional geometric multigrid. Also, for the
                 problems examined, it will be shown that a direct usage
                 of conventional multigrid leads to faster simulations
                 than an indirect usage of conventional multigrid as a
                 preconditioner unless there are sharp
                 discontinuities.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 20 08:36:59 2006",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Aus2006b,
  author =       "T. Austin and D. Hooks and P. Hunter and D. Nickerson
                 and A.J. Pullan and G. Sands and B. Maaill and M.
                 Trew",
  title =        "Modelling Cardiac Electrical Activity at the Cell and
                 Tissue Levels",
  booktitle =    "Interactive and Integrative Cardiology",
  publisher =    "Annals of NY Academy of Sciences",
  year =         "2006",
  editor =       "S. Sideman and R. Beyar and A. Landesberg",
  volume =       "1080",
  pages =        "334--347",
  robnote =      "reference from Andrew no hard copy.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 20 08:40:49 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Avi95,
  author =       "B. Avitall and R. Helms and W. Chiang and B. Periman",
  title =        "Nonlinear atrial radiofrequency lesions are
                 arrhythmogenic: a study of skipped lesions in the
                 normal atria",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "92",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "I-265",
  robnote =      "afib atrial fibrillation, atrial ablation",
}

@Article{RSM:Awa98,
  author =       "K.A. Awa and D.R. Jackson and S.B. Baumann and J.T.
                 Williams and D.R. Wilton and P.W. Fink and B.R.
                 Prasky",
  title =        "Effect of Conductivity Uncertainties and Modeling
                 Errors on {ECG} Source Localization",
  journal =      "IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering",
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1135--1145",
  year =         "1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Ayd2014,
  author =       "U. Aydin and J. Vorwerk and P. Kupper and M. Heers and H.
                 Kugel and A. Galka and L. Hamid and J. Wellmer and C.
                 Kellinghaus and S. Rampp and C.H. Wolters",
  title =        "Combining EEG and MEG for the reconstruction of epileptic
                 activity using a calibrated realistic volume conductor
                 model.",
  journal =      "PLoS One",
  year =         "2014",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "e93154",
  robnote =      "To increase the reliability for the non-invasive
                 determination of the irritative zone in presurgical
                 epilepsy diagnosis, we introduce here a new experimental
                 and methodological source analysis pipeline that combines
                 the complementary information in EEG and MEG, and apply it
                 to data from a patient, suffering from refractory focal
                 epilepsy. Skull conductivity parameters in a six
                 compartment finite element head model with brain
                 anisotropy, constructed from individual MRI data, are
                 estimated in a calibration procedure using somatosensory
                 evoked potential (SEP) and field (SEF) data. These data
                 are measured in a single run before acquisition of further
                 runs of spontaneous epileptic activity. Our results show
                 that even for single interictal spikes, volume conduction
                 effects dominate over noise and need to be taken into
                 account for accurate source analysis. While cerebrospinal
                 fluid and brain anisotropy influence both modalities, only
                 EEG is sensitive to skull conductivity and conductivity
                 calibration significantly reduces the difference in
                 especially depth localization of both modalities,
                 emphasizing its importance for combining EEG and MEG
                 source analysis. On the other hand, localization
                 differences which are due to the distinct sensitivity
                 profiles of EEG and MEG persist. In case of a moderate
                 error in skull conductivity, combined source analysis
                 results can still profit from the different sensitivity
                 profiles of EEG and MEG to accurately determine location,
                 orientation and strength of the underlying sources. On the
                 other side, significant errors in skull modeling are
                 reflected in EEG reconstruction errors and could reduce
                 the goodness of fit to combined datasets. For combined EEG
                 and MEG source analysis, we therefore recommend
                 calibrating skull conductivity using additionally acquired
                 SEP/SEF data.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 21 22:02:18 2014",
  pmcid =        "PMC3966892",
}

@TechReport{RSM:BISTI2001,
  author =       "R.E. Swaja and S. Rastegar and L.G. Griffith and M.B.
                 Sachs and S. Subramaniam",
  title =        "Assessing bioengineering and bioinformatics research
                 training, education and career development:
                 Opportunities for {NIH} and {NSF} collaboration",
  institution =  "NIH/NSF",
  year =         "2001",
  robnote =      "report on training for bioengineering",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 03 14:29:25 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Bab97,
  author =       "F. Babiloni and F. Carducci and M. Del Gaudio and L.
                 Fattorini and L. Locche and P. Zaccardi and P. Onorati
                 and C. Babiloni and A. Urbano",
  title =        "A new spatial deblurring method using finite element
                 technique for spatial enhancement of human {EEG} scalp
                 potentials",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "Suppl.",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =      "An inverse imaging approach for EEG using finite
                 elements and spatial deconvolution approach",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 20:12:55 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Bad2004,
  author =       "C.T. Badea and L.W. Hedlund et al.",
  title =        "Micro{CT} with respiratory and cardiac gating",
  journal =      "Med. Phys.",
  year =         "2004",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3324--3329",
  robnote =      "mouse CT",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 30 07:36:22 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Bad2009,
  author =       "T.J. Badger and R.S. Oakes and M. Daccarett and N.S.
                 Burgon and N. Akoum and E.N. Fish and J.J. Blauer and S.N.
                 Rao and Y. Adjei-Poku and E.G. Kholmovski and S.
                 Vijayakumar and E.V. Di Bella and R.S. MacLeod and N.F.
                 Marrouche",
  title =        "Temporal left atrial lesion formation after ablation of
                 atrial fibrillation.",
  journal =      j-HR,
  year =         "2009",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "161--168",
  robnote =      "afib The purpose of this
                 study was to describe DE-MRI findings of the LA in the
                 acute and chronic stages postablation. METHODS:
                 Twenty-five patients were scanned at two time points
                 postablation. The first group (n = 10) underwent DE-MRI at
                 24 hours and at 3 months. The second group (n = 16) was
                 scanned at 3 months and at 6 or 9 months. One patient had
                 three scans (24 hours, 3 months, 9 months) and was
                 included in both groups. The location and extent of
                 enhancement were then analyzed between both groups.
                 RESULTS: The median change in LA wall injury between 24
                 hours and 3 months was -6.38\% (range -11.7\% to 12.58\%).
                 The median change in LA wall injury between 3 months and
                 later follow-up was +2.0\% (range -4.0\% to 6.58\%). There
                 appears to be little relationship between the enhancement
                 at 24 hours and 3 months (R(2) = 0.004). In contrast, a
                 strong correlation is seen at 3 months and later follow-up
                 (R(2) = 0.966). Qualitative comparison revealed a stronger
                 qualitative relationship between MRI findings at 3 months
                 and later follow-up than at 24 hours and 3 months.
                 CONCLUSION: RF-induced scar appears to have formed by 3
                 months postablation. At 24 hours postablation, DE-MRI
                 enhancement appears consistent with a transient
                 inflammatory response rather than stable LA scar
                 formation.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 16 14:12:08 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Bad2009a,
  author =       "T.J. Badger and Y.A. Adjei-Poku and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "{MRI} in cardiac electrophysiology: the emerging role of
                 delayed-enhancement {MRI} in atrial fibrillation ablation.",
  journal =      "Future Cardiol",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Jan",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--70",
  robnote =      "afib Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has emerged as a
                 viable therapeutic option for those patients who have
                 failed conventional medical therapy. This treatment
                 strategy has been introduced in the past decade following
                 the discovery of ectopic foci in the pulmonary veins
                 capable of initiating this arrhythmia. The basis of
                 current ablation techniques relies on inducing myocardial
                 necrosis at distinct anatomical landmarks in order to
                 electrically isolate these ectopic foci and to disrupt
                 pulmonary vein and left atrial conduction pathways. The
                 recent introduction of a delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI
                 sequence now allows for the noninvasive assessment of the
                 location and extent of left atrial scarring following the
                 ablation procedure. In this review, we describe this novel
                 scan sequence and its current and potential role in
                 catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 5 05:20:20 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Bad2009b,
  author =       "T.J. Badger and Y.A. Adjei-Poku and N.S. Burgon
                 and S. Kalvaitis and A. Shaaban and D.N.
                 Sommers and J.E. Blauer and E.N. Fish and N.
                 Akoum and T.S. Haslem and E.G. Kholmovski and
                 R.S. MacLeod and D.G. Adler and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Initial experience of assessing esophageal tissue
                 injury and recovery using delayed-enhancement MRI after
                 atrial fibrillation ablation.",
  journal =      j-CAE,
  year =         "2009",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "620--625",
}

@Article{RSM:Bad2010,
  author =       "T.J. Badger and M. Daccarett and N.W. Akoum
                 and Y.A. Adjei-Poku and N.S. Burgon and T.S.
                 Haslam and S. Kalvaitis and S. Kuppahally and
                 G. Vergara and L. McMullen and P.A. Anderson
                 and E. Kholmovski and R.S. MacLeod and N.F.
                 Marrouche",
  title =        "Evaluation of left atrial lesions after initial and
                 repeat atrial fibrillation ablation: lessons learned
                 from delayed-enhancement MRI in repeat ablation
                 procedures",
  journal =      j-CAE,
  year =         "2010",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "249--259",
  month =        jun,
}

@Article{RSM:Bag2011,
  author =       "L. Baghdadi and M. Zamyadi and J.G. Sled and J.E.
                 Schneider and S. Bhattacharya and R.M. Henkelman and J.P.
                 Lerch",
  title =        "Semi-automatic segmentation of multiple mouse embryos in
                 MR images.",
  journal =      "BMC Bioinformatics",
  year =         "2011",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "237",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: The motivation behind this paper is to aid
                 the automatic phenotyping of mouse embryos, wherein
                 multiple embryos embedded within a single tube were
                 scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). RESULTS:
                 Our algorithm, a modified version of the simplex
                 deformable model of Delingette, addresses various issues
                 with deformable models including initialization and
                 inability to adapt to boundary concavities. In addition,
                 it proposes a novel technique for automatic collision
                 detection of multiple objects which are being segmented
                 simultaneously, hence avoiding major leaks into adjacent
                 neighbouring structures. We address the initialization
                 problem by introducing balloon forces which expand the
                 initial spherical models close to the true boundaries of
                 the embryos. This results in models which are less
                 sensitive to initial minimum of two fold after each stage
                 of deformation. To determine collision during
                 segmentation, our unique collision detection algorithm
                 finds the intersection between binary masks created from
                 the deformed models after every few iterations of the
                 deformation and modifies the segmentation parameters
                 accordingly hence avoiding collision.We have segmented six
                 tubes of three dimensional MR images of multiple mouse
                 embryos using our modified deformable model algorithm. We
                 have then validated the results of the our semi-automatic
                 segmentation versus manual segmentation of the same
                 embryos. Our Validation shows that except paws and tails
                 we have been able to segment the mouse embryos with minor
                 error. CONCLUSIONS: This paper describes our novel
                 multiple object segmentation technique with collision
                 detection using a modified deformable model algorithm.
                 Further, it presents the results of segmenting magnetic
                 resonance images of up to 32 mouse embryos stacked in one
                 gel filled test tube and creating 32 individual masks.
                 INRIA",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 4 15:51:50 2011",
  pmcid =        "PMC3224127 EDAT- 2011/06/18 06:00 MHDA- 2011/10/25 06:00
                 CRDT- 2011/06/18 06:00 PHST- 2011/02/20 [received] PHST-
                 2011/06/16 [accepted] PHST- 2011/06/16 [aheadofprint]",
}

@Article{RSM:Bai90,
  author =       "A.H. Bailie and R.H. Mithchell and J. McCAnderson",
  title =        "A Computer Model of Re-Entry in Cardiac Tissue",
  journal =      j-CBM,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "47--54",
  robnote =      "Another extension of Moe's cellular atumomata",
}

@Article{RSM:Bai90b,
  author =       "M.G. Baird",
  title =        "Exercise Stress Testing: {I}ndications and
                 Usefulness",
  journal =      "Medicine North America",
  year =         "1990",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "361--364",
  robnote =      ", ECG088",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Bak1999,
  author = 	 "T. Baker",
  title = 	 "Delaunay-Voronoi methods",
  booktitle = 	 "Handbook of Grid Generation",
  publisher = 	 "CRC Press",
  year = 	 "1999",
  editor =	 "J.F. Thompson and B.K. Soni and N.P. Weatherill",
  pages =	 "16.116.11",
  address =	 "Boca Raton",
  robnote = 	 "mesh generation",
  bibdate = 	 "Sat Aug 29 14:23:44 2009"
}

@Article{RSM:Bal84,
  author =       "L Baldwin",
  title =        "Color Considerations",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1984",
  month =        sep,
  pages =        "227--235",
  robnote =      "Understanding and Choosing Colours for Computer
                 Graphics Systems. this article talks about the color
                 models or systems, RGB, HSV, and some psychological
                 considerations in selecting colours and combinations of
                 colours for computer graphics., CompSoft050",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Ban72,
  author =       "CM. Banerjee and PS. Freedberg and Friedman MH.",
  title =        "Pulmonary function following acute coronary occlusion
                 in dogs",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology
                 and Medicine",
  year =         "1972",
  month =        apr,
  volume =       "139",
  series =       "4",
  pages =        "1261--1264",
}

@Article{RSM:Ban83,
  author =       "T. Ban",
  title =        "Computer Analysis of Prolongation of Cardiac Action
                 Potential Duration",
  journal =      j-CBR,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "403--413",
  robnote =      "beeler reuter model, action potentials, ionic
                 channels, voltage clamp, CellPhysiol057",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar66,
  author =       "R.C. Barr and T.C. Pilkington and J.P. Boineau and
                 M.S. Spach",
  title =        "Determining Surface Potentials from Current Dipoles,
                 with Application to Electrocardiography",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1966",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "88--92",
  month =        "Apr.",
  robnote =      "An early paper from Barr, Pilkingtonn and Co. about
                 some fundamental material on dipoles and how they
                 appear on the body surface. torso model, forward
                 problem, dipole. thesis, ECG054",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar67,
  author =       "A.C.L. Barnard and I.M. Duck and M.S. Lynn",
  title =        "The Application of Electromagnetic Theory to
                 Electrocardiology: {I} {D}erivation of the Integral
                 Equation",
  journal =      j-BJ,
  year =         "1967",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "443--462",
  robnote =      "The first part of two article by Barnard and Duck on
                 the torso problem in general. This one is broad in
                 scope, covering everything from a source formulation to
                 an integral equation for the forward problem, again
                 based on sources and not epicardial potentials. See
                 ECG067 for the second part of the series. thesis,
                 TorsoModel009",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar67b,
  author =       "A.C.L. Barnard and I.M. Duck and M.S. Lynn and W.P.
                 Timlake",
  title =        "The Application of Electromagnetic Theory in
                 Electrocardiology {II}. {N}umerical Solution of the
                 Integral Equations",
  journal =      j-BJ,
  year =         "1967",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "463--490",
  robnote =      "One of the classical references in theoretical
                 eletrocardiography and relates to everything: forward
                 problem, inverse problem, dipoles and boundary element
                 method. thesis, ECG067",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Bar68,
  author =       "R.C. Barr",
  title =        "Constrained Inverse Electrocardiography",
  school =       "Duke University",
  address =      "Durham, NC",
  year =         "1968",
  robnote =      "Roger Barr's thesis, which I have not seen, but is
                 referred to in Martin's thesis as well.,
                 TorsoModel079",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar69,
  author =       "R.C. Barr and T.C. Pilkington",
  title =        "Computing Inverse Solutions for an On-Off Heart
                 Model",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1969",
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "205--214",
  robnote =      "Second of a series of three papers with Pilkington and
                 Barr on a moving dipole and switched (On-off) dipole
                 inverse solution. thesis, TorsoModel021",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar70,
  author =       "R.C. Barr and T.C. Pilkington and J.P. Boineau and
                 C.L. Rogers",
  title =        "An Inverse Electrocardiographic Solution with an
                 On-Off Model",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1970",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "49--57",
  robnote =      "Third of a series of three papers with Pilkington and
                 Barr on a moving dipole and switched dipole inverse
                 solution. thesis, TorsoModel022",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar71,
  author =       "R.C. Barr and M.S. Spach and G.S. Herman-Giddens",
  title =        "Selection of the number and position of measuring
                 locations for electrocardiography",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1971",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "125--138",
  robnote =      "limited leadset selection by statistical means,
                 prinicpal component analysis bspm. Great paper with
                 loads of welcome detail (and one important typo, I
                 believe). They suggest 24 leads as adequate, with three
                 back leads in the mix, and suggest that this number is
                 also as much as we can expect to be able to compute
                 from the inverse--24 independent pieces of information.
                 The methods are similar but clearly different from thos
                 ein Lux78, both in the way they compute the estimation
                 matrix and the way they select the best leads.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 10 13:14:11 1998",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Bar76,
  author =       "R.C. Barr and M.S. Spach",
  title =        "Inverse Solutions Directly in Terms of Potentials",
  booktitle =    "The Theoretical Basis of Electrocardiography",
  editor =       "C.V. Nelson and D.B. Geselowitz",
  publisher =    "Clarendon Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1976",
  pages =        "294--304",
  robnote =      "An nice basic chapter extolling the virtues of
                 determining inverse solutions in terms of surface
                 potentials and epicardial potentials, instead of any
                 dipole representations or the like. thesis,
                 TorsoModel005",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar77,
  author =       "R.C. Barr and M. Ramsey and M.S. Spach",
  title =        "Relating Epicardial to Body Surface Potential
                 Distributions by Means of Transfer Coefficients Based
                 on Geometry Measurements",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "24",
  month = 	      "Jan.",
  pages =        "1--11",
  robnote =      "The basis of the forward solution method is given in
                 this paper. This is an important one for the thesis as
                 the integral method based on Green's theorum is used to
                 calculate torso potentials from epicardial ones. The
                 data is from the dog. We start from this point in our
                 development of the problem., ECG055",
}

@Article{RSM:Bar77b,
  author =       "R.C. Barr and M.S. Spach",
  title =        "Sampling rates Required for Digital Recording of
                 Intracellular and Extracellular Cardiac Potentials",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1977",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "40--48",
  robnote =      "A nice bit of technical work, actually testing various
                 sampling rates to see how fast one needs to sample to
                 reproduce the data adequately. Some very interesting
                 results and

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