text:
in Ventricular Myocardium of the Isolated Porcine
                 Heart",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "73",
  pages =        "189--198",
  robnote =      "Great paper. 1. Transient increase in VL and VT in
                 ischemia heart. 2. Increase [Ko] not enough to explain
                 the depression of VL and VT which follows, decrease ph,
                 or something else needed. 3. Ischemia AP's still
                 Na-driven since VT and VL are faster in ischemia then
                 in norepinephrin-induced SI-channel AP's. thesis,
                 Ischemia139",
}

@Article{RSM:Kle87,
  author =       "A.G. Kl\'{e}ber",
  title =        "Conduction of the Impulse in the Ischemia
                 Myocardium--Implications for Malignant Ventricular
                 Arrhythmias",
  journal =      "Experientia",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "1056--1061",
  robnote =      "A look at arrhythmias from the cellular point of view,
                 especially in condition of ischemia., Arrhythm022",
}

@Article{RSM:Kle87a,
  author =       "A.G. Kleber and C.B. Riegger",
  title =        "Electrical constants of arterially perfused rabbit
                 papillary muscle",
  journal =      j-JP,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "385",
  pages =        "307--324",
}

@Article{RSM:Kle87b,
  author =       "A.G. Kl\'{e}ber and C.B. Riegger and M.J. Janse",
  title =        "Electrical uncoupling and increase of extracellular
                 resistance after induction of ischemia in isolated,
                 arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscle",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "271--279",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Kle95,
  author =       "R.N. Klepfer and C.R. Johnson and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "The Effects of Inhomogeneities and Anisotropies on
                 Electrocardiographic Fields: {A} Three-Dimensional
                 Finite Elemental Study",
  pages =        "233--234",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS95,
  year =         "1995",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Ruth's paper, a poster actually, in Montreal. inverse
                 solutions, conductivity, forward solutions",
}

@Article{RSM:Kle97,
  author =       "R.N. Klepfer and C.R. Johnson and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "The Effects of Inhomogeneities and Anisotropies on
                 Electrocardiographic Fields: {A} Three-Dimensional
                 Finite Element Study",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "706--719",
}

@Article{RSM:Kli99,
  author =       "P. Kligfield and P.M. Okin",
  title =        "Heart rate adjustment of {ST} depression in patients
                 with coronary disease and negative standard exercise
                 tests.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "32 Suppl",
  pages =        "193--107",
  robnote =      "Heart rate (HR) adjustment of ST depression (STD) has
                 been shown to correctly classify exercise test findings
                 in up to 85\% of normal subjects and patients with
                 equivocal electrocardiographic (ECG) responses (> or
                 =100 microV upsloping STD), but the performance of
                 these methods in patients with truly negative ECG
                 responses (<100 microV STD) has not been examined in
                 detail. We reviewed negative standard exercise ECGs in
                 54 men and women (mean age 61 years) with coronary
                 disease, comprising 16\% of consecutive treadmill tests
                 that were performed in 337 patients with angiographic
                 coronary artery disease or stable angina. Mean STD was
                 only 63 +/- 21 microV (0.63 mm) in these negative
                 tests. Despite these subthreshold values for STD, the
                 ST/HR index was abnormal (> or =1.6 microV/bpm) in 27
                 of 54 patients (50\%) when STD was adjusted for the
                 change in HR during exercise. Compared with patients
                 with normal values for HR-adjusted STD, patients with
                 an abnormal ST/HR index were slightly older (64 vs. 58
                 years, P < 0.05) and demonstrated a trend toward lower
                 exercise duration (10.0 vs. 11.8 min). An abnormal
                 ST/HR index was associated with greater subthreshold
                 STD (73 vs. 53 microV, P < 0.0005) and smaller HR
                 change (35 vs. 56 bpm, P < 0.0001) with exercise. Among
                 the 27 patients with a normal ST/HR index by simple HR
                 adjustment, 11 (44\%) had abnormal ST/HR slopes (> or
                 =2.4 microV/bpm) by the more complex linear regression
                 method. Therefore, HR adjustment of STD contributes to
                 the improved sensitivity of the exercise ECG by correct
                 classification of some patients with truly negative
                 standard tests. The magnitude of subthreshold STD and
                 the extent of HR change with exercise both contribute
                 to improved test performance. The increased sensitivity
                 afforded by HR adjustment of STD highlights the
                 importance of the precise measurement of subthreshold
                 STD that is afforded by computerized ECG during
                 exercise testing.",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 00:46:29 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Klo72,
  author =       "A.M. Klomp and J.H.M. Lucas",
  title =        "Advantages of Symmetrical Isolation Transformers in
                 the Reduction of Patient Hazards",
  journal =      "Med. \& Biol. Eng.",
  year =         "1972",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "536--541",
  robnote =      "A brief outline is given of the various advantages and
                 disadvantages of using transformers in conjunction with
                 electrical equipment connected to patients. Particular
                 is paid to the use of symmetrical isolation
                 transformers., Electronics025",
}

@Article{RSM:Klo76,
  author =       "F.J. Klocke",
  title =        "Coronary Blood Flow in Man",
  journal =      j-PCD,
  year =         "1976",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "117--165",
  robnote =      "A pretty complete description of flow in the coronary
                 arteries of man. Talks about myocardial O2 demand and
                 supply, flow, resistance and pressure in a biophysical
                 model, control of autoregulatory resitance, coronary
                 microcirculation, coronary artery disease, CAD, and
                 then lots of info on blood flow, how it is measured,
                 methods, etc. So the first part is very good, the rest
                 a bit specialized for flow-freaks., Ischemia021",
}

@Article{RSM:Kna2008,
  author =       "C. Knackstedt and F. Gramley and T. Schimpf and K.
                 Mischke and M. Zarse and J. Plisiene and M. Schmid and
                 J. Lorenzen and D. Frechen and P. Neef and P. Hanrath
                 and M. Kelm and P. Schauerte",
  title =        "Association of echocardiographic atrial size and
                 atrial fibrosis in a sequential model of congestive
                 heart failure and atrial fibrillation.",
  journal =      "Cardiovasc Pathol",
  year =         "2008",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "400--400",
  robnote =      "To investigate the effect of AF and CHF on atrial
                 dilatation and fibrosis, and to estimate whether
                 echocardiographically determined atrial size may be
                 used as a marker for atrial fibrosis. METHODS: In six
                 dogs, pacemakers were implanted followed by HIS bundle
                 ablation. After 4 weeks of rapid ventricular
                 stimulation (185 bpm) for CHF induction, additional
                 rapid atrial stimulation (500 bpm) was maintained for 7
                 weeks to induce AF. Serial determinations of
                 echocardiographic atrial size were performed. Seven
                 dogs with sinus rhythm served as histological controls.
                 Postmortem tissue was obtained to determine the degree
                 and composition of atrial fibrosis. RESULTS: While the
                 ejection fraction of the AF/CHF dogs decreased
                 significantly from 57+/-5\% to 19+/-7\% (P<.01), an
                 increased degree of atrial fibrosis was found (right
                 atrium [RA], 4.9+/-2.0\% to 19.9+/-5.4\%; LA,
                 4.4+/-1.6\% to 22.2+/-3.2\%; P<.01), accompanied by a
                 significant increase of atrial volumes (LA: 21+/-4 to
                 44+/-4 mm(3); P<.01; RA: 10+/-3 to 18+/-6 mm(3); P<.05)
                 and LA diameters (34+/-4 to 43+/-2 mm, P<.05). Atrial
                 fibrosis and size significantly correlated.
                 CONCLUSIONS: Atrial fibrillation/CHF leads to a
                 significant atrial fibrosis and dilation. The increased
                 echocardiographic size correlates to the degree of
                 atrial fibrosis and may be used as clinical marker for
                 atrial fibrosis. The fibrosis accompanying atrial
                 dilatation may also explain why LA size, as determined
                 by echocardiography, is a strong predictor of CV
                 success.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jun 1 18:41:50 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Kni94,
  author =       "S.B. Knisley and B. Hill and R.E. Ideker",
  title =        "Virtual electrode effects in myocardial fibers",
  journal =      j-BJ,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "66",
  pages =        "719--728",
  robnote =      "bidomain model, propagation",
}

@Article{RSM:Kno2002,
  author =       "B.C. Knollmann and J. Tranquillo and S.G. Sirenko and
                 C.S. Henriquez and M.R. Franz",
  title =        "Microelectrode study of the genesis of the monophasic
                 action potential by contact electrode technique.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1246--1252",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: Despite widespread use of the contact
                 electrode for recording monophasic action potentials
                 (MAPs) in both clinical and experimental research, the
                 mechanism underlying the genesis of the contact MAP
                 remains unproven. The Franz hypothesis assumes that the
                 MAP is driven by a current source originating at the
                 boundary between cells depolarized by the MAP electrode
                 pressure and normal cells immediately adjacent to it.
                 To date, no direct experimental data exist to support
                 this hypothesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 10
                 Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts, a miniaturized MAP
                 probe was inserted into the right ventricle (RV) and
                 gently pressed against the endocardium of the
                 upward-facing RV free wall. During stable contact and
                 stable MAP recording, KCl-filled glass microelectrodes
                 were lowered from above the RV to record transmembrane
                 action potentials (TAPs) at the center of and 0.05 and
                 0.2 mm outside the perimeter of the MAP electrode
                 contact site. TAPs at the center had normal resting
                 potentials (RP) in epicardial layers (-78 +/- 4 mV) but
                 showed gradual decrease toward deeper layers, reaching
                 a minimum RP of -23 +/- 0.8 mV directly above the MAP
                 electrode surface. RPs at 0.05 mm outside the MAP
                 perimeter were normal at the epicardial surface and
                 with increasing transmural depth showed significantly
                 less decrease than central recordings (min RP -41 +/-
                 0.8 mV, n = 11, P < 0.00001). TAPs at 0.2 mm from the
                 MAP electrode perimeter had normal RPs across the
                 entire RV wall. CONCLUSION: These direct data are the
                 first to support the hypothesis that the MAP is
                 generated locally through pressure depolarization of a
                 circumscript volume of cells that (1) has sharp voltage
                 gradients toward normal cells, (2) provides a strong
                 local current source, and (3) when simulated with a
                 circuit model creates the field potential recorded by
                 the contact MAP electrode.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 20 07:50:07 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Kno97,
  author =       "T.R. Kn{\"o}sche",
  title =        "Three dimensional reconstructon from {EEG}---the
                 performance of linear algorithms",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =      "A nice short overview of source localization methods
                 for EEG applications. It covers and references a host
                 of methods, then tests them using a spherical model
                 with different source configurations.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 19:02:58 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Knu2019,
  author =       "N.C. Knutson and P.P. Samson and G.D. Hugo and S.M. Goddu
                 and F.J. Reynoso and J.A. Kavanaugh and S. Mutic and K.
                 Moore and J. Hilliard and P.S. Cuculich and C.G. Robinson",
  title =        "Radiation Therapy Workflow and Dosimetric Analysis from a
                 Phase 1/2 Trial of Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation for
                 Ventricular Tachycardia.",
  journal =      "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys",
  year =         "2019",
  month =        "Apr",
  pages =        "(epub)",
  robnote =      "PURPOSE: A prospective phase 1/2 trial for
                 electrophysiologic guided noninvasive cardiac
                 radioablation treatment of ventricular tachycardia
                 (ENCORE-VT) demonstrating efficacy for arrhythmia control
                 has recently been reported. The treatment workflow, report
                 dose-volume metrics, and overall process improvements are
                 described here. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients receiving
                 25 Gy in a single fraction to the cardiac ventricular
                 tachycardia substrate (identified on presimulation
                 multimodality imaging) on the phase 1/2 trial were
                 included for analysis. Planning target volume (PTV), R50,
                 monitor unit ratio, and gradient measure values were
                 compared over time using statistical process control.
                 Outlier values in the dose-volume histogram (DVH) for PTV
                 and organs at risk were identified by calculating inner
                 fences based on the interquartile range. Median heart
                 substructure doses are also reported. RESULTS: For the 16
                 trial patients included, the median target volumes for the
                 gross target volumes, internal target volumes, and PTVs
                 were 25.1 cm(3) (minimum: 11.5 cm(3), maximum: 54.9
                 cm(3)), 30.1 cm(3) (17.7, 81.6), and 97.9 cm(3) (66,
                 208.5), respectively. On statistical process control
                 analysis, there was a significant decrease in PTV volume
                 among the more recent cohort of cases and mean doses to
                 the nontargeted heart (heart - PTV). Two patients had
                 heart-minus-PTV, esophagus, and stomach DVH data
                 significantly higher than inner fence, and 3 patients had
                 spinal cord DVH data higher than the inner fence, but in
                 all cases the deviations were clinically acceptable.
                 Subjective decreases were seen in the R50, gradient
                 measure, and treatment time from the first to last patient
                 in this series. All plans were verified in phantom with
                 ionization chamber measurements within 2.9\% of the
                 expected dose value. CONCLUSIONS: Over the duration of
                 this trial, PTV volumes to the cardiac substrate target
                 decreased significantly, and organ-at-risk constraints
                 were met for all cases. Future directions for this
                 clinical process will include incorporating
                 knowledge-based planning techniques and evaluating the
                 need for substructure optimization.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jun 30 10:01:59 2019",
}

@Article{RSM:Knu74,
  author =       "D. Knuth",
  title =        "Structured programming with go to statements",
  journal =      j-COM-SUR,
  year =         "1974",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "261--303",
  robnote =      "Don Knuth on structured programming and pros and cons
                 of using Go to statements",
}

@Article{RSM:Kod84,
  author =       "I. Kodama and A. Wilde and M.J. Janse and D. Durrer
                 and K. Yamada",
  title =        "Combined Effects of Hypoxia, Hyperkalemia and Acidosis
                 on Membrane Action Potential and Excitability of
                 Guinea-Pig Ventricular Muscle",
  journal =      j-MCC,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "247--259",
  robnote =      "A good electrophysiological paper describing the
                 effects of acidosis, hypoxia and hyperkalemia on heart
                 tissue, looks at changes in action potential shape and
                 rate of change., CellPhysiol060",
}

@Article{RSM:Koh97,
  author =       "T. K{\"o}hler and A. Thiessen and M. Wagner and H.A.
                 Wischmann and M. Fuchs",
  title =        "Maximum entropy in current density imaging",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =      "Inverse solution in terms of current density using a
                 maximum entropy method",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 20:34:58 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Koi85,
  author =       "B. Koidl and G. Zernig and H.A. Tritthart",
  title =        "Simultaneous Measurements of Action Potentials and
                 Contractions in Single Cultured Adult and Embryonic
                 Heart Muscle Cells",
  journal =      "Basic Res. Cardiol.",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "80",
  pages =        "111--116",
  robnote =      "cultured cardiac myocytes, action potential,
                 contraction, EC coupling, Graz, CellPhysiol059",
}

@Article{RSM:Koi86,
  author =       "B. Koidl and H.A. Tritthart and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Different Effects of Calcium-antagonists on
                 Automaticity in Single Pacemaker Cells in Synchronized
                 Networks of Cultured Embryonic Heart Muscle Cells",
  journal =      j-MCC,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "207--217",
  robnote =      "My first major paper with Bernd!, CellPhysiol005",
}

@Article{RSM:Koi90,
  author =       "B. Koidl and W. Schreibmayer and P. Wolf and H.A.
                 Tritthart",
  title =        "Inhibition of the fast sodium inward current in
                 ventricular cardiomyocytes of rates and guinea pigs by
                 a novel potent sodium channel blocking agent",
  journal =      "Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "342",
  pages =        "582--591",
  robnote =      "Graz, cellular cardiac electrophysiology",
}

@Article{RSM:Kol2009,
  author =       "A. Kolandaivelu and A.C. Lardo and H.R. Halperin",
  title =        "Cardiovascular magnetic resonance guided
                 electrophysiology studies.",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Magn Reson",
  year =         "2009",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21",
  robnote =      "Pre-procedure 3D CMR has improved understanding of the
                 anatomic basis of complex arrhythmias and is being used
                 for planning and guidance of ablation procedures. A
                 particular strength of CMR compared to other imaging
                 modalities is the ability to visualize ablation lesions.
                 Post-procedure CMR is now being applied to assess ablation
                 lesion location and permanence with the goal of
                 indentifying factors leading to procedure success and
                 failure. In the future, intra-procedure real-time CMR,
                 together with the ability to image complex 3-D
                 arrhythmogenic anatomy and target additional ablation to
                 regions of incomplete lesion formation, may allow for more
                 successful treatment of even complex arrhythmias without
                 exposure to ionizing radiation. Development of clinical
                 grade CMR compatible electrophysiology devices is required
                 to transition intra-procedure CMR from pre-clinical
                 studies to more routine use in patients.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 5 05:20:20 2009",
  pmcid =        "PMC2719626",
}

@Article{RSM:Kol98,
  author =       "Z.J. Koles",
  title =        "Trends in {EEG} source localization",
  journal =      "Electroenceph. and Clin. Neuophys.",
  year =         1998,
  volume =    106,
  pages =     "127--132",
  robnote =      "review of EEG inverse problems and source
                 localization",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 23 09:48:35 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Kon2011,
  author =       "E. Konukoglu and J. Relan and U. Cilingir and B.H. Menze
                 and P. Chinchapatnam and A. Jadidi and H. Cochet and M.
                 Hocini and H. Delingette and P. Jais and M. Haissaguerre
                 and N. Ayache and M. Sermesant",
  title =        "Efficient probabilistic model personalization integrating
                 uncertainty on data and parameters: application to
                 eikonal-diffusion models in cardiac electrophysiology.",
  journal =      "Prog Biophys Mol Biol",
  year =         "2011",
  month =        "Oct",
  volume =       "107",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "134--146",
  robnote =      "Biophysical models are increasingly used for medical
                 applications at the organ scale. However, model
                 predictions are rarely associated with a confidence
                 measure although there are important sources of
                 uncertainty in computational physiology methods. For
                 instance, the sparsity and noise of the clinical data used
                 to adjust the model parameters (personalization), and the
                 difficulty in modeling accurately soft tissue physiology.
                 The recent theoretical progresses in stochastic models
                 make their use computationally tractable, but there is
                 still a challenge in estimating patient-specific
                 parameters with such models. In this work we propose an
                 efficient Bayesian inference method for model
                 personalization using polynomial chaos and compressed
                 sensing. This method makes Bayesian inference feasible in
                 real 3D modeling problems. We demonstrate our method on
                 cardiac electrophysiology. We first present validation
                 results on synthetic data, then we apply the proposed
                 method to clinical data. We demonstrate how this can help
                 in quantifying the impact of the data characteristics on
                 the personalization (and thus prediction) results.
                 Described method can be beneficial for the clinical use of
                 personalized models as it explicitly takes into account
                 the uncertainties on the data and the model parameters
                 while still enabling simulations that can be used to
                 optimize treatment. Such uncertainty handling can be
                 pivotal for the proper use of modeling as a clinical tool,
                 because there is a crucial requirement to know the
                 confidence one can have in personalized models. INRIA",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 4 15:51:50 2011",
}

@Article{RSM:Koo2013,
  author =       "M. Koopmann and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Why hesitate introducing real-time magnetic resonance
                 imaging into the electrophysiological labs?",
  journal =      "Europace",
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "Jan",
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--8",
  robnote =       "",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 25 06:14:09 2014",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Koo87,
  author =       "J.M. Kootsey",
  title =        "Membrane Mechanisms of Ion Transport",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS87,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "885--886",
  robnote =      "A sort of review article about how models of ion
                 transport are set up and how we must rexamine some of
                 the ideas. membrane biophysics, cardiac cell
                 electrophysiology, CellPhysiol091",
}

@Book{RSM:Kop2004,
  author = 	 "H. Kopka and P.W. Daly",
  title = 	 "Guide to LaTeX",
  publisher = 	 "Addison Wesley",
  year = 	 "2004",
  edition =	 "Fourth",
  robnote = 	 "The best LaTeX book",
  bibdate = 	 "Mon Jan 26 00:02:05 2009"
}

@Article{RSM:Kor00,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and P. Rautaharju and J. Warren and B.M.
                 Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek and M. Dramaix",
  title =        "Effective Extraction of Diagnostic {ECG} Waveform
                 Information Using Orthonormal Basis Functions Derived
                 From Body Surface Potential Maps",
  journal =      "unknown",
  year =         "unknown",
  robnote =      "Another of Fred Kornreich's works, seems to be a
                 galley proof or something, with no journal., BSPM038",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor85,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and P. Rautaharju and J. Warren and T.
                 Montague and B.M. Horacek",
  title =        "Identification of Best Electrocardiographic Leads for
                 Diagnosing Myocardial Infarction by Statistical
                 Analysis of Body Surface Potential Maps",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "56",
  pages =        "852--856",
  robnote =      "One of Fred Kornreich's efforts at optimal lead
                 configuration systems. thesis, BSPM037",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor87,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and T.J. Montague and M. Kavadias and J.
                 Segers and P.M. Rautaharju and B.M. Horacek and
                 B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of
                 Characteristic Body Surface Potential Map Features in
                 Anterior and Inferior Myocardial Infarction",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "60",
  pages =        "1230--1238",
  robnote =      "thesis, BSPM081",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor88,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and T. J Montague and P.M. Rautaharju and
                 M. Kavadias and B.M. Horacek",
  title =        "Identification of Best Electrocardiographic Leads for
                 Diagnosing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy by Statistical
                 Analysis of Body Surface Potential Maps",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "62",
  pages =        "1285--1291",
  robnote =      ", BSPM080",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor92,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and T.J. Montague and P.M. Rautaharju",
  title =        "Location and magnitude of {ST} changes in acute
                 myocardial infarction by analysis of body surface
                 potential maps.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "15",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Kor92b,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and T.J. Montague and P.M. Rautaharju",
  title =        "best {ECG} leads for diagnosing acute myocardial
                 infarction by multivariate analysis of body surface
                 potential maps",
  pages =        "439--442",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         "1992",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  robnote =      "Fred's brief article on the discrimination of MI
                 patients from normals based on comparison of ST-segment
                 isointegral maps. Full version appeared in the Circ
                 paper.",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor93,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and T.J. Montague and P.M. Rautaharju",
  title =        "Body surface potential mapping of {ST} segment changes
                 in acute myocardial infarction: {I}mplications for
                 {ECG} enrollment criteria for thrombolytic therapy",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "87",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "773",
}

@Misc{RSM:Kor93b,
  author =       "F. Kornreich",
  year =         "1993",
  note =         "Personal communication",
  robnote =      "The problem with resampling to make something you can
                 run through a differenc technique, and the whole
                 problem of resmapling the data, determing fiducial
                 markers, etc.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Kor93c,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and R.S. MacLeod and {G. Van Herpen} and
                 V. Dzavik.",
  title =        "Body Surface Potential Mapping of {QRST} Changes
                 during and after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary
                 Angioplasty.",
  booktitle =    "Computers in Cardiology",
  year =         "1993",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  acknowledgement = ack-xxx,
  bibdate =      "Fri May 23 09:01:35 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor94,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and R.S. MacLeod and V. Dzavik and A.M.
                 Kornreich and E. Stoupel and J. de Almeida and D.
                 Walker and T.J. Montague",
  title =        "Body surface potential mapping of {QRST} changes
                 during and after percutanesous transluminal coronary
                 angioplasty",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "113--117",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor95,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and R.L. Lux and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Map representation and diagnostic performance of the
                 standard 12-lead {ECG}",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "121--123",
  robnote =      "ISCE95 paper",
}

@Article{RSM:Kor97,
  author =       "F. Kornreich and R.L. Lux and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Supplemented standard 12 lead {ECG} for optimal
                 diagnosis and reconstruction of significant body
                 surface map patterns",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "247--252",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 12 15:48:06 1998",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Kos88,
  author =       "C.E. Kossman",
  title =        "History of Body Surface Electrocardiographic Mapping",
  booktitle =    "Body Surface Electrocardiographic Mapping",
  editor =       "D.M. Mirvis",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  address =      "Boston, Dordrecht, London",
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "21--28",
  robnote =      ", BSPM056",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Kos88b,
  author =       "C.E. Kossman",
  title =        "History of Electrocardiographic Leads",
  booktitle =    "Body Surface Electrocardiographic Mapping",
  editor =       "D.M. Mirvis",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  address =      "Boston, Dordrecht, London",
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "3--20",
  robnote =      ", BSPM055",
}

@Article{RSM:Kot2000,
  author =       "H. Kottkamp and B. Hugl and B. Krauss and U. Wetzel
                 and A. Fleck and G. Schuler and G. Hindricks",
  title =        "Electromagnetic versus fluoroscopic mapping of the
                 inferior isthmus for ablation of typical atrial flutter
                 : {A} prospective randomized study",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2000",
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "2082--2006",
  robnote =      "Electromagnetic mapping during the induction of linear
                 lesions for the ablation of atrial flutter permitted a
                 highly significant reduction in exposure to fluoroscopy
                 while maintaining high efficacy, and it allowed the
                 time required for fluoroscopy to be reduced to levels
                 anticipated for diagnostic electrophysiological
                 studies. USed thr CARTA system to show that they could
                 reduce fluoroscopy time and still do successful
                 ablation. cardiac mapping",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 30 14:11:10 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Kot95,
  author =       "H. Kottkamp and G. Hindricks and X. Chen and J. Brunn
                 and S. Willems and W. Haverkamp and M. Block and G.
                 Breithardt and M. Borggrefe",
  title =        "Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Sustained
                 Ventricular Tachycardia in Idiopathic Dilated
                 Cardiomyopathy",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "92",
  pages =        "1159--1168",
  robnote =      "The purpose of the present study was to investigate
                 the feasibility of RF catheter ablation in patients
                 with idiopathic DCM who could not be adequately treated
                 by conventional treatment modalities because of
                 incessant or frequent, recurrent VT. RF current
                 application for ablation of 9 VTs (mean cycle length,
                 402 +/-78 ms) was attempted in 8 patients with
                 idiopathic DCM. No further episodes of incessant VT
                 occurred in the patients who had undergone RF current
                 application for ablation of incessant VT. A complete
                 prevention of VT could be achieved in 2 of 8 patients,
                 whereas in 5 patients, VT episodes were stored in the
                 ICD devices during follow-up. The results of the
                 present study indicate that RF current application for
                 ablation of VT in a select group of patients with
                 idiopathic DCM is feasible. The efficacy of RF ablation
                 may be high in patients presenting with incessant VT,
                 whereas the success rate seems to be only moderate in
                 patients with chronic recurrent VT. In all patients,
                 additional treatment options, including antiarrhythmic
                 drugs, ICDs, and/or heart transplantation, were applied
                 after RF ablation, indicating that RF ablation for this
                 indication may be an adjunctive and not a curative
                 treatment option.",
}

@Article{RSM:Kot97,
  author =       "H. Kottkamp and G. Hindircks and G. Breithardt and M.
                 Borggrefe",
  title =        "Three-dimensional electromagnetic catheter technology:
                 {E}lectroanatomical mapping of the right atrium and
                 ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "1332--1337",
  robnote =      "Cardiac mapping with a single catheter but one that
                 contains a recevier to locate points in 3D space. This
                 way it is possible to create a complete map of the
                 endocardial anatomy (geometry) and record potentials at
                 the same time, endocardium, see RSM:Gep97 for details
                 of the device",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 06 14:47:09 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Kov2006,
  author =       "P. Kovoor and M. Daly and M. Mikhail and V. Eipper and
                 B. Dewsnap and D. L. Ross",
  title =        "Change in size of lesions over 3 weeks after
                 radiofrequency ablation of left ventricle",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol",
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "411--4",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Koz95,
  author =       "C.L. Hubley-Kozey and B. Mitchell and M.J. Gardner and
                 J.W. Warren and C.J. Penney and E.R. Smith and B.M.
                 Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Spatial features in body surface potentials maps can
                 identify patients with a history of sustained
                 ventricular tachycardia",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "92",
  pages =        "1825--1838",
  robnote =      "Cheryl's thesis paper. Nice study of patients with VT,
                 using KL coefficients to differentiate between
                 groups.",
}

@Article{RSM:Kra85,
  author =       "J.B. Kramer and P.B. Corr and J.L. Cox and F.X.
                 Witkowski and M.E. Cain",
  title =        "Simultaneous Computer Mapping to Facilitate
                 Intraoperative Localization of Accessory Pathways in
                 Patients with {W}olff-{P}arkinson-{W}hite Syndrome",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "56",
  pages =        "571--576",
  robnote =      "A description of the system developed in St. Louis by
                 Frank Witkowski and Co. for digital recording and
                 analysis of epicardial mapping signals. They use a ring
                 of electrodes which is placed around the AV ring to
                 localized the accessory pathway in WPW patients.
                 Besides being an interesting work on its own, it
                 contains some good references which I will check into.
                 This was one of the papers from the Microvax meetings
                 we used to have. thesis, Arrhythm017",
}

@Article{RSM:Kra88,
  author =       "A.C. Kralios and J.M. Nappi and T.J. Tsagaris and F.A.
                 Kralios and H. Kuida",
  title =        "Paradoxical increase of ventricular fibrillation
                 threshold in response to coronary sinus obstruction",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "334--340",
  robnote =      "No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Kra90,
  author =       "O.H. Kracoff and A.G. Adelman and J.F. Marquis and A.
                 Caspi and H.E. Aldridge and L. Schwartz",
  title =        "Twelve-lead electrocardiogram recording during
                 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "191--198",
  robnote =      "PTCA, ischemia",
}

@Article{RSM:Kra93,
  author =       "O.H. Kracoff and A.G. Adelman and M. Oettinger and O.
                 Ayzenberg and M. Epstein and G. Margulis and N. Cristal
                 and A. Caspi",
  title =        "Reciprocal changes as the presenting
                 electrocardiographic manifestation of acute myocardial
                 ischemia.",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "71",
  pages =        "1359--1362",
  robnote =      "A brief report on a study based on thier previous PTCA
                 work, in which they saw reciprocal changes before the
                 direct effect of ischemia in standard leads. Here they
                 find that some 6\% of patients have reciprocal changes
                 as the first or only sign of ischemia that develop into
                 full-blown MIs.",
}

@Article{RSM:Kri2009,
  author =       "M.S. Krishnam and A. Tomasian and S. Malik and A. Singhal
                 and A. Sassani and G. Laub and J.P. Finn and S. Ruehm",
  title =        "Three-dimensional imaging of pulmonary veins by a novel
                 steady-state free-precession magnetic resonance
                 angiography technique without the use of intravenous
                 contrast agent: initial experience.",
  journal =      "Invest Radiol",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "447--453",
  robnote =      "PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of 3-dimensional
                 (3D) steady-state free-precession (SSFP) magnetic
                 resonance angiography (MRA) using nonselective
                 radiofrequency excitation for imaging of pulmonary veins
                 (PVs) without intravenous gadolinium chelate and to
                 correlate the results with conventional contrast-enhanced
                 MRA (CE-MRA).  Our study shows that 3D depiction of
                 PVs without intravenous contrast is feasible with
                 nonslice-selective SSFP MRA. This novel MRA technique may
                 be used in certain patients with atrial fibrillation to
                 assess the number and size of PV ostia draining to the
                 left atrium prior to radiofrequency ablation.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 5 05:20:20 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Kru2012,
  author =       "M. Krueger and G. Seemann and K. Rhode and D.U.J.
                 Keller and C. Schilling and A. Arujuna and J. Gill and
                 M. O'Neill and R. Razavi and O. Doessel",
  journal =      j-TMI,
  title =        "Personalization of Atrial Anatomy and
                 Elelectophysiology as a Basis for Clinical Modeling of
                 Radio-Frequency-Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation",
  year =         "2012",
  month =        "",
  volume =       "(in press)",
  number =       "99",
  pages =        "1",
  robnotes =     "Martin and Co paper about atrial anatomy variations, AF",
}

@Article{RSM:Kru88,
  author =       "M. Krucoff",
  title =        "Identification of High-Risk Patients with Silent
                 Myocardial Ischemia after Percutaneous Transluminal
                 Coronary Angioplasty by Multilead Monitoring",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "29F-34F",
  robnote =      "A method of establishing ischemic burden of the heart
                 and how it appears in the ST-segments of ECG signals is
                 described. From this it would seem benificial to
                 monitor ST segment activity after PTCA to see what kind
                 of recovery the patient is making. thesis, PTCA002",
}

@Article{RSM:Kru90,
  author =       "M.W. Krucoff and Y.R. Jackson and M.K. Kehoe and K.M.
                 Kent",
  title =        "Quantitative and qualitative {ST} segment monitoring
                 during and after percutaneous transluminal coronary
                 angioplasty",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "Suppl IV",
  pages =        "{IV}-20-{IV}-26",
  robnote =      "an very interesting paper looking at PTCA monitoring
                 of ST segments in patients, generating a fingerprint of
                 their ST-segment changes during inflation and then
                 comparing the continuously montitored ST segment to the
                 fingerprint to detect ischemic episodes. Also describs
                 the idea of fading, that is, the ST segment shifts, and
                 thus ischemia, is reduced during later inflations.",
}

@Article{RSM:Kub91,
  author =       "I. Kubota and T. Shibata and K. Hanashima and M.
                 Yamaki and K. Ikeda and K. Tsuiki and S. Yasui",
  title =        "Signal-averaged body surface mapping for the
                 assessment of low-amplitude potentials",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "205--212",
  robnote =      "No hard copy",
}

@MastersThesis{RSM:Kue98,
  author =       "R.O. Kuenzler",
  title =        "Generating epicardial activation order from
                 multielectrode venous catheters",
  school =       "Univ. of Utah",
  year =         "1998",
  address =      "Salt Lake City, Utah",
  scinote =      "Rich's Masters thesis, CVRTI.",
}

@Article{RSM:Kue99,
  author =       "R.O. Kuenzler and R.S. MacLeod and B. Taccardi and Q.
                 Ni and R.L Lux",
  title =        "Estimation of Epicardial Activation Maps from
                 Intravascular Recordings",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77--92",
  robnote =      "",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 23 10:13:49 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Kul03,
  author =       "A. Kuliabko",
  title =        "Sur la reviviscence du coeur: {R}appel des battements
                 du coeur humain trente heures apr\`{e}s la mort",
  journal =      "Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci",
  year =         "1903",
  volume =       "83",
  pages =        "63",
  robnote =      "thesis, don't have this one. Were able to revive human
                 hearts 20 to 30 hours post mortem., Ischemia141",
}

@Article{RSM:Kum79,
  author =       "T. Kumada and J.S. Karliner and H. Pouleur and K.P.
                 Gallagher and K. Shirato and J. Ross",
  title =        "Effects of Coronary Occlusion on Early Ventricular
                 Diastolic Events in Conscious Dogs",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "237",
  pages =        "H542--H549",
  robnote =      "Haven't got this one but it will be a thesis
                 reference, see PTCA1 for reference to it., PTCA019",
}

@Article{RSM:Kun2018,
  author =       "B. Kundu and A.A. Brock and D.J. Englot and C.R. Butson
                 and J.D. Rolston",
  title =        "Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of disorders of
                 consciousness and cognition in traumatic brain injury
                 patients: a review.",
  journal =      "Neurosurg Focus",
  year =         "2018",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "E14",
  robnote =      "Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a looming epidemic,
                 growing most rapidly in the elderly population. Some of
                 the most devastating sequelae of TBI are related to
                 depressed levels of consciousness (e.g., coma, minimally
                 conscious state) or deficits in executive function. To
                 date, pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies to
                 treat these sequelae are limited. Deep brain stimulation
                 (DBS) has been used to treat a number of pathologies,
                 including Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and
                 epilepsy. Animal and clinical research shows that targets
                 addressing depressed levels of consciousness include
                 components of the ascending reticular activating system
                 and areas of the thalamus. Targets for improving executive
                 function are more varied and include areas that modulate
                 attention and memory, such as the frontal and prefrontal
                 cortex, fornix, nucleus accumbens, internal capsule,
                 thalamus, and some brainstem nuclei. The authors review
                 the literature addressing the use of DBS to treat
                 higher-order cognitive dysfunction and disorders of
                 consciousness in TBI patients, while also offering
                 suggestions on directions for future research.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 24 21:53:57 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC6193266",
}

@Article{RSM:Kuo83,
  author =       "C.S. Kuo and K. Munakata and P. Reddy and B.
                 Surawicz",
  title =        "Characteristics and possible mechanisms of ventricular
                 arrhythmia dependent on the dispersion of action
                 potentials durations",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1356--1367",
  robnote =      "Nice experimental paper on dispersion of recovery
                 using monophasic action potentials in dogs. They found
                 that dispersion had to reach a cricial value before
                 reentry, or what they believe to be reentry, could be
                 elicited by a single premature stimulus. The mechanism
                 they suggest has to do with initiating premature
                 activation in quickly recovering tissue, then having it
                 block at a region of slow recvery, then reentering this
                 region later and setting up a rrentrant loop.
                 repolarizaiton, SCOR",
}

@Article{RSM:Kup2010,
  author =       "S.S. Kuppahally and N.A. and N.S. Burgon
                 and T.J. Badger and E.G. Kholmovski and S.
                 Vijayakumar and S.N. Rao and J. Blauer and
                 E.N. Fish and E.V.R. DiBella and R.S. MacLeod and
                 C. McGann and S.E. Litwin and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Left atrial strain and strain rate in patients with
                 paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation:
                 relationship to left atrial structural remodeling
                 detected by delayed-enhancement MRI.",
  journal =      j-CCI,
  year =         "2010",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "231--239",
  robnote =      "Afib CARMA",
}

@Article{RSM:Kup2010a,
  author =       "S.S. Kuppahally and N. Akoum and T.J. Badger and N.S.
                 Burgon and T. Haslam and E. Kholmovski and R. Macleod and
                 C. McGann and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Echocardiographic left atrial reverse remodeling after
                 catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is predicted by
                 preablation delayed enhancement of left atrium by magnetic
                 resonance imaging.",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "2010",
  month =        "Nov",
  volume =       "160",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "877--884",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrosis is a hallmark of atrial
                 structural remodeling (SRM) and leads to structural and
                 functional impairment of left atrial (LA) and persistence
                 of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study was conducted to
                 assess LA reverse remodeling after catheter ablation of AF
                 in mild and moderate-severe LA SRM. METHODS: Catheter
                 ablation was performed in 68 patients (age 62 +/- 14
                 years, 68\% males) with paroxysmal (n = 26) and persistent
                 (n = 42) AF. The patients were divided into group 1 with
                 mild LA SRM (<10\%, n = 31) and group 2 with
                 moderate-severe LA SRM (>10\%, n = 37) by delayed
                 enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DEMRI).
                 Two-dimensional echocardiography, LA strain, and strain
                 rate during left ventricular systole by velocity vector
                 imaging were performed pre and at 6 +/- 3 months
                 postablation. The long-term outcome was monitored for 12
                 months. RESULTS: Patients in group 1 were younger (57 +/-
                 15 vs 66 +/- 13 years, P = .009) with a male predominance
                 (80\% vs 57\%, P < .05) as compared to group 2.
                 Postablation, group 1 had significant increase in average
                 LA strain (Delta upward arrow: 14\% vs 4\%, P < .05) and
                 strain rate (Delta upward arrow: 0.5 vs 0.1 cm/s, P < .05)
                 as compared to group 2. There was a trend toward more
                 patients with persistent AF in group 2 (68\% vs 55\%, P =
                 .2), but it was not statistically significant. Group 2 had
                 more AF recurrences (41\% vs 16\%, P = .02) at 12 months
                 after ablation. CONCLUSION: Mild preablation LA SRM by
                 DEMRI predicts favorable LA structural and functional
                 reverse remodeling and long-term success after catheter
                 ablation of AF, irrespective of the paroxysmal or
                 persistent nature of AF.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 15 19:41:50 2014",
  pmcid =        "PMC2995281",
}

@Article{RSM:Kur2005,
  author =       "K. Kuroda",
  title =        "Non-invasive {MR} thermography using the water proton
                 chemical shift",
  journal =      "Int J Hyperthermia",
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "547--560",
  abstract =     "Among various proton magnetic resonance (MR)
                 parameters, such as longitudinal relaxation time,
                 transverse relaxation time, diffusion coefficient and
                 chemical shift, the chemical shift of water protons is
                 recognized as the most reliable indicator of
                 temperature. The chemical shift is the only
                 frequency-based parameter and is independent of the
                 other parameters, which are measured based on the
                 intensity of the MR signal. In this paper, the basic
                 principle and the recent progress in imaging
                 temperature by spectroscopic techniques using the water
                 proton chemical shift are discussed. The advantages of
                 spectroscopic imaging over phase mapping for measuring
                 temperature are that the former can distinguish water
                 resonance from other resonances, and that another
                 resonance can be used as an internal reference to
                 reduce the effects of external magnetic field
                 instability, tissue susceptibility and inter-scan
                 tissue movement or deformation. Methods utilizing
                 various magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
                 techniques, such as single voxel spectroscopy,
                 conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
                 (MRSI), echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) and
                 line scan echo planar spectroscopic imaging (LSEPSI)
                 are discussed.",
  keywords =     "Echo-Planar Imaging/methods Magnetic Resonance
                 Spectroscopy/*methods Mathematics *Protons Temperature
                 Thermography/*methods Water/*chemistry",
  year =         "2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Kur2015,
  author =       "T. Kurian and A. Doshi and P. Kessman and B. Nguyen and
                 J. Edwards and S. Pieper and I. Efimov and A.H. Janardhan
                 and M. Sanchez",
  title =        "Rotors in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation:
                 case report of a left atrial appendage rotor identified by
                 a novel computational mapping algorithm integrated into
                 3-dimensional mapping and termination of atrial
                 fibrillation with ablation.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "157--163",
  robnote =      "Recent clinical trials using panoramic mapping techniques
                 have shown success in targeting rotors and focal impulses
                 in atrial fibrillation (AF). Ablations directed toward
                 these organized sources improve outcomes in AF. The left
                 atrial appendage (LAA) has been suspected as a possible
                 extrapulmonary source of AF, and ablation within the LAA
                 or electrical isolation of the LAA improves outcomes in
                 certain cases. This case highlights a unique example of
                 panoramic imaging created with a computational mapping
                 algorithm integrated in 3-dimensional mapping, which
                 identified rotors within the LAA. Furthermore, ablations
                 performed near an identified rotor core within the LAA
                 terminated AF.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Kur85,
  author =       "R.T. Kurosaka",
  title =        "Mathematical Recreations: Magic Squares",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1985",
  month =        mar,
  pages =        "383--388",
  robnote =      "Generating a classic array by computer, the4se are
                 squares which add up to magic numbers across columns
                 and rows, and even diagonals., NumMath008",
}

@Article{RSM:Kur86,
  author =       "R.T. Kurosaka",
  title =        "Euclid's Algorithm",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        jan,
  pages =        "397--402",
  robnote =      "Mathematical Recreations: GCD's LCM's and repeating
                 decimals., NumMath014",
}

@Article{RSM:Kur86b,
  author =       "R.T. Kurosaka",
  title =        "Paradoxes of Probability",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        nov,
  pages =        "373--375",
  robnote =      "Mathematical Recreations: A survey of sucker bets and
                 an anlysis of how they work., NumMath010",
}

@Article{RSM:Kur86c,
  author =       "R.T. Kurosaka",
  title =        "Euclid's Algorithm",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        jan,
  pages =        "397--402",
  robnote =      "mathematical recreations, GCD's, LCM's and repeating
                 decimals., CompSoft030",
}

@Article{RSM:Kur86e,
  author =       "R.T. Kurosake",
  title =        "Diophantine Equations",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        mar,
  pages =        "343--350",
  robnote =      "Finding Whole number solutions to equations,
                 mathematical recreations, CompSoft032",
}

@Article{RSM:Kus91,
  author =       "T. Kus and K. Derakhchan and C. Bouchard",
  title =        "Effects of procainamide on refractoriness, conduction,
                 and excitable gap in canine atrial reentrant
                 tachycardia",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "1707--1712",
  robnote =      "paper on changes in refactory time due to
                 procainamide, a drug we wnat to try in tank
                 experiments",
}

@Article{RSM:Lai91,
  author =       "G.A. Laine and S.J. Allen",
  title =        "Left ventricular myocardial edema: {L}ymph flow,
                 interstitial fibrosis, and cardiac function",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1713--1721",
  robnote =      "No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Lak2009,
  author =       "R. Lakshminarayan and J.O. Simpson and D.F. Ettles",
  title =        "Magnetic resonance angiography: current status in the
                 planning and follow-up of endovascular treatment in
                 lower-limb arterial disease.",
  journal =      "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "397--405",
  robnote =      "Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has become an
                 established imaging modality in the management of
                 lower-limb arterial disease, with emerging roles in
                 treatment planning and follow-up. Contrast-enhanced MRA is
                 now the most widely used technique with clinically
                 acceptable results in the majority of patients.
                 Difficulties in imaging and image interpretation are
                 recognised in certain subgroups, including patients with
                 critical limb ischaemia as well as patients with stents.
                 Although newer contrast agents and refined imaging
                 protocols may offer some solutions to these problems, this
                 optimism is balanced by concerns about the toxicity of
                 certain gadolinium chelates. Further development of
                 interventional MRA remains one of the most significant
                 challenges in the development of magnetic resonance
                 imaging-guided peripheral vascular intervention. The
                 status of MRA in managing patients with lower-limb
                 arterial disease in current clinical practice is reviewed.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 26 13:09:35 2009",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lam87,
  author =       "R. Lamothe and C. Purcell and G. Stroink",
  title =        "Magnetocardiographic and Body Surface Potential
                 Detection of Spatial Features of the Human
                 {HIS}-Purkinje System",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS87,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "172--173",
  robnote =      "Reina's Masters thesis paper, presented in Boston in
                 1987. processing, FFT, KLT., BSPM040",
}

@Article{RSM:Lam87b,
  author =       "C.R. Lambert and C.R. Conti",
  title =        "Quantitative Coronary Angiography: An Assessment of
                 Utility",
  journal =      "Council on Clinical Cardiology Newsletter",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "1--11",
  robnote =      "A paper on quantitative angiography from the American
                 Heart Assoc. describing some computer-based systems for
                 measuring from angiograms. coronary occlusion,
                 stenosis., Ischemia007",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan2008,
  Author	= "S. Lankton and A. Tannenbaum",
  Title		= "Localizing region-based active contours",
  Year		= 2008,
  Month		= 11,
  Abstract	= "In this paper, we propose a natural framework
		  that allows any region-based segmentation energy
		  to be re-formulated in a local way. We consider local rather
		  than global image statistics and evolve a contour based on
		  local information. Localized contours are capable of
		  segmenting objects with heterogeneous feature profiles that
		  would be difficult to capture correctly using a standard
		  global method. The presented technique is versatile enough to
		  be used with any global region-based active contour energy
		  and instill in it the benefits of localization. We describe
		  this framework and demonstrate the localization of three
		  well-known energies in order to illustrate how our framework
		  can be applied to any energy. We then compare each localized
		  energy to its global counterpart to show the improvements
		  that can be achieved. Next, an in-depth study of the
		  behaviors of these energies in response to the degree of
		  localization is given. Finally, we show results on
		  challenging images to illustrate the robust and accurate
		  segmentations that are possible with this new class of active
		  contour models.",
  journal	= j-TIP,
  Pubmed	= "18854247",
  Keywords	= "active contours, level set methods,
		  curve evolution, image segmentation,
		  partial differential equations, multiregion segmentation",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan2011,
  author = 	 "B. Lanfer and M. Scherg and M. Dannhauer and T. Kn{\"o}sche
                  and C.H. Wolters",
  title = 	 "Influences of Skull Segmentation Deficiencies on EEG Source
                  Analysis",
  journal = 	 j-HBM,
  year = 	 "2011",
  OPTkey = 	 "",
  OPTvolume = 	 "",
  OPTnumber = 	 "",
  OPTpages = 	 "",
  OPTmonth = 	 "",
  OPTnote = 	 "",
  OPTRobnote = 	 "Not sure of status.??  Moritz"
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Lan85,
  author =       "P. Lander and S. Lewis and R. Vincent",
  title =        "Advanced Methods for Recording Late Ventricular
                 Potentials",
  year =         "1985",
  robnote =         "Sussex, University, late potentials, ecg analysis,
                 ECG018",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Lan85b,
  author =       "P. Lander and R. Vincent",
  title =        "``Wiener'' Filtering and the Electrocardiogram",
  year =         "1985",
  robnote =         "ecg processing, filtering, Wiener, Sussex University,
                 ECG019",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan87,
  author =       "J. Langone",
  title =        "Leapin' Lizards! This Doc Zaps Hearts",
  journal =      "Discover",
  year =         "1987",
  month =        aug,
  pages =        "56--61",
  robnote =      "This very popular medicine style article is all I
                 could find about a surgeon by the name of Mahmood
                 Mirhoseini, who performs a pretty wild technique call
                 laser canalization. Involves open heart surgery to
                 pierce holes in wall of left ventricle and allow blood
                 to get from chamber into the sinusoids of the
                 myocardium. Billed as alternative to bypass surgery,
                 and I guess implicitly to PTCA., Ischemia043",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan90,
  author =       "J. Lant and G. Stroink and B. {ten Voorde} and B.M.
                 Horacek and T.J. Montague",
  title =        "Complementary Nature of electrocardiographic and
                 megnetocardiographic data in patients with ischemic
                 heart disease",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "315--322",
  robnote =      "",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan91,
  author =       "J.J. Langerg and M. Chin and D.J. Schamp and M.A. Lee
                 and J. Goldberger and D.N. Pederson and M. Oeff and
                 M.D. Lesh and J.C. Griffen and M.M. Scheinman",
  title =        "Ablation of the atriaventricular junction with
                 radiofrequency energy using a new electrode catheter",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "67",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "142--147",
  robnote =      "atrial fibrillation, ablation, atrial arrythmia",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan92,
  author =       "P. Lander and E.J. Berbari",
  title =        "Principles and signal processig techniques of the
                 high-resolution electrocardiograms",
  journal =      j-PCD,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "169--188",
  robnote =      "A review paper on high resolution ECG, used to detect
                 late potentials with signal processing techniques.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan94,
  author =       "M.A. Langston and C.F. Pieper and A. Pacifico",
  title =        "Spectral analysis of activation time sequences",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "17",
  pages =        "1288--1299",
  robnote =      "Looks as activation time sequences as functions of
                 electrode number in vertical and horizontal linear
                 arrays in terms of spatial frequency. They suggest
                 appropriate spacing of electrodes as functions of
                 recording method (unipolar vs. bipolar), detection
                 algorithm (minimum slope, and 3 bipolar methods) and
                 location on the epicardial surface of dogs. They use
                 normal tissue in all cases and suggest that unipolar
                 methods are more stable than bipolar.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan97,
  author =       "P. Lander and P. Gomis and R. Goyal and E.J. Berbari
                 and P. Caminal and R. Lazzara and J.S. Steinberg",
  title =        "Analysis of abnormal intra-{QRS} potentials. Improved
                 predictive value for arrhythmic events with the signal-
                 averaged electrocardiogram.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1386--93",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Using the signal-averaged ECG (SAECG),
                 this study developed a new electrical index for
                 predicting arrhythmic events: abnormal intra-QRS
                 potentials (AIQP). METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 173
                 patients followed after myocardial infarction for a
                 mean duration of 14 +/- 7 months. Sixteen arrhythmic
                 events occurred, defined as sudden cardiac death,
                 documented sustained ventricular tachycardia, or
                 non-fatal cardiac arrest. Noninvasive indices of
                 arrhythmia risk were measured, including AIQP,
                 conventional SAECG, Holter, and left ventricular
                 ejection fraction (LVEF). Abnormal intra-QRS potentials
                 were defined as abnormal signals occurring anywhere
                 within the QRS period. They were estimated with a
                 lead-specific, parametric modeling method that removed
                 the smooth, predictable part of the QRS. AIQPs are
                 characterized by the remaining transient, unpredictable
                 component of the QRS and manifest as low- amplitude
                 notches and slurs. A combined XYZ-lead AIQP index
                 exhibited higher specificity (95\%) and predictive value
                 (PV) (+PV, 47\%; -PV, 94\%) than the conventional SAECG
                 in combination with Holter and LVEF (specificity, 89\%;
                 +PV, 25\%; -PV, 93\%). CONCLUSIONS: AIQP improved
                 specificity and predictive value, compared with
                 conventional tests, for prediction of arrhythmic
                 events. AIQP emerged as the best noninvasive univariate
                 predictor of arrhythmic events after myocardial
                 infarction in this study. A review of several other
                 reports shows that AIQP in the present study
                 outperformed the conventional predictive indices
                 reported in those other data sets.LQTS. SCOR",
}

@Article{RSM:Lan98,
  author =       "G. Lande and P. Maison-Blanche and J. Fayn and M.
                 Ghadanfar and P. Coumel and C. Funck-Brentano",
  title =        "Dynamic analysis of dofetilide-induced changes in
                 ventricular repolarization.",
  journal =      "Clin Pharmacol Ther",
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "312--21",
  robnote =      "Ten healthy volunteers underwent two 24-hour ECG
                 recordings, one in theabsence of dofetilide and the
                 other after a single oral dose of 0.5 mg dofetilide.
                 During Dh, dofetilide induced a mean 12\% lengthening
                 of ventricular repolarization. Dynamic ECG analysis
                 showed that this prolongation increased as R-R cycles
                 became longer, a phenomenon known as reverse rate
                 dependence. However, QT prolongation persisted at the
                 shortest (600 ms) R-R cycle length that could be
                 analyzed. During D1, dynamic ECG analysis showed a
                 persistent, although small, effect of dofetilide on
                 both QT prolongation (3\%) and reverse rate dependence
                 of this effect. LQTS, No hard copy",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Lap82,
  author =       "L. Lapidus and G.F. Pinder",
  title =        "Boundary Integral Equation Methods",
  booktitle =    "Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations
                 in Science and Engineering",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "John Wiley \& Sons",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1982",
  pages =        "461--485",
  robnote =      "A section of a book on the solution of boundary
                 element integral equations. forward solution, inverse
                 solution thesis, NumMath024",
}

@Article{RSM:Lar2000,
  author =       "A. C. Lardo and E. R. McVeigh and P. Jumrussirikul and
                 R. D. Berger and H. Calkins and J. Lima and H. R.
                 Halperin",
  title =        "Visualization and temporal/spatial characterization of
                 cardiac radiofrequency ablation lesions using magnetic
                 resonance imaging",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "698--705",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Lar85,
  author =       "W.E. Larimore and R.K. Mehra",
  title =        "The Problem of Overfitting Data",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1985",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "167--180",
  robnote =      "A mathematical model for balancing the number of
                 parameters and the degree of fit. A nice description of
                 the pitfalls of overfitting data and how to get a
                 feeling for when to stop., CompSoft026",
}

@Article{RSM:Lat2010,
  author =       "M.P. Latacha and N.B. Memon and P.S. Cuculich and J.
                 Hertel and Y. Wang and Y. Rudy and T.W. Smith",
  title =        "Pathologic examination after epicardial ablation of
                 ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis.",
  journal =      j-HR,
  year =         "2010",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "705--707",
  robnote =       "inverse problem",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 9 15:35:53 2011",
}

@Article{RSM:Lau2001,
  author =       "J. Lau and J.P. Ioannidis and E.M. Balk and C. Milch
                 and N. Terrin and P.W. Chew and D. Salem",
  title =        "Diagnosing acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency
                 department: a systematic review of the accuracy and
                 clinical effect of current technologies.",
  journal =      "Ann Emerg Med",
  year =         "2001",
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "453--460",
  robnote =      "We conducted a systematic review of the
                 English-language literature published between 1966 and
                 December 1998 on the accuracy and clinical effect of
                 diagnostic technologies for ACI. We evaluated
                 prospective and retrospective studies of adult patients
                 who presented to the ED with symptoms suggesting ACI.
                 Outcomes were diagnostic performance (test sensitivity
                 and specificity) and measures of clinical effect.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 5 22:02:38 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Lau2008,
  author =       "G. Laurent and G. W. Moe and X. Hu and H. Leong-Poi
                 and K. A. Connelly and P. P. So and A. Ramadeen and L.
                 Doumanovskaia and A. Konig and J. Trogadis and D. W.
                 Courtman and B. Strauss and P. Dorian",
  title =        "Experimental studies of atrial fibrillation:
                 Comparison of two pacing models",
  journal =      "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol",
  abstract =     "Background: Rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) is a
                 well-established animal model of atrial fibrillation
                 (AF). However, this model is limited by a high
                 mortality rate and severe heart failure. The purpose of
                 our study was to assess a new canine model of inducible
                 AF. Methods and Results: We performed acute,
                 short-term, simultaneous atrio-ventricular pacing
                 (SAVP) and RVP (in random order) in 14 dogs for 30
                 seconds. SAVP produced more echocardiographic pulmonary
                 venous flow reversal, a greater increase in mean
                 pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and a significantly
                 greater decrease in left atrial emptying function
                 (-84.4 +/- 38.6\% vs. -23.7 +/- 27.1\%, p < 0.05), than
                 RVP. Thirty dogs were randomized to three, longer-term,
                 study groups: eight control (no pacing; CTRL), eight to
                 RVP (2 weeks at 240 bpm followed by 3 weeks at 220
                 bpm), and fourteen to SAVP (2 weeks at 220 bpm). SAVP
                 induced less left ventricular dysfunction, but more
                 left atrial dysfunction, than RVP. SAVP dogs had
                 similar atrial effective refractory periods as RVP
                 dogs, but more heterogeneity in conduction and more AF
                 inducibility (83\% vs. 40\%, p < 0.05), and maintenance
                 (median 1660 s vs. 710 s, p < 0.05) than RVP dogs. SAVP
                 induced more collagen turnover and was associated with
                 a significantly greater increase in type III collagen
                 in the atria compared to RVP dogs (6.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 4.8
                 +/- 1.6 respectively, p < 0.05 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.7 in
                 unpaced controls). Conclusion: The SAVP model induced
                 profound mechanical and substrate atrial remodeling and
                 reproducible sustained AF. This new model is clinically
                 relevant and may be useful for testing AF
                 interventions. Key words: experimental atrial
                 arrhythmia, extracellular matrix, remodeling.",
  year =         "2008",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lau89,
  author =       "K. Laurita and G. Sun and C.W. Thomas and M. Kavura
                 and J. Liebman and A.L. Waldo",
  title =        "Interactive cardiac mapping {I}: {D}ata acquisition",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS89,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1989",
  pages =        "204--205",
  robnote =      "BSPM, Case Western mapping system, Rudy",
}

@Book{RSM:Law74,
  author =       "C.L. Lawson and R.J. Hanson",
  title =        "Solving Least Squares Problems",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Prentice-Hall",
  address =      "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
  year =         "1974",
  robnote =      "A book, which Milan has a copy of, on solving least
                 squares problems, specifically here the use of the
                 singular value decomposition method in solving the
                 inverse problem, ill-posed problem and ill-conditioned
                 matrices thesis, NumMath027",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Law77,
  author =       "C.L. Lawson",
  title =        "Software for {C1} Surface Interpolation",
  booktitle =    "Mathematical Software {II}",
  publisher =    "Academic Press",
  year =         "1977",
  editor =       "",
  chapter =      "",
  pages =        "161--194",
  address =      "New York",
  robnote =      "triangularization, model construction, forward/inverse
                 solution",
}

@Article{RSM:Law84,
  author =       "C.L. Lawson",
  title =        "${\rm {C}^{1}}$ surface interpolation for scattered
                 data on the surface of a sphere",
  journal =      j-RMJM,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "177--202",
  robnote =      "Another interpation over a surface paper, this time
                 over a spherical surface",
}

@Article{RSM:Lax85,
  author =       "C. Laxer and R.E. Ideker and T.C. Pilkington",
  title =        "The Use of Unipolar Epicardial {QRS} Potentials to
                 Estimate Myocardial Infarction",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "64--67",
  robnote =      "The use of epicardial potentials from week-old
                 infarcts in dogs to deliniate the infarcted regions
                 from the normal. Statistical manipulation of the
                 electrocardiograms was used to check this and high
                 correlation was found. Electrodes sense not only local
                 potentials but also other electrical events with a 1/r
                 drop. This study shows that at least old infarcts will
                 be detectable at the epicardial surface but does not
                 really prove the sensitivity to underlying acute
                 ischemia. thesis, Ischemia004",
}

@Article{RSM:Laz88,
  author =       "R. Lazzara and B.J. Scherlag",
  title =        "Generation of Arrhythmias in Myocardial Ischemia and
                 Infarction",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "61",
  pages =        "20A-26A",
  robnote =      "A very general review with little new information but
                 touches on many of the prevalent theories of the day
                 regarding generation of VT and VF as a result of both
                 acute and long-term ischemia. thesis, Arrhythm030",
}

@Article{RSM:Lea98,
  author =       "R.M. Leahy and J.C. Mosher and M.E. Spencer and M.X.
                 Huang and J.D. Lewine",
  title =        "A study of dipole localization accuracy for {MEG} and
                 {EEG} using human skull phantom",
  journal =      "Elect. Enceph. Clin. Neuro.",
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "107",
  thenumber =    "2",
  thepages =     "159--173",
  robnote =      "brain mapping, inverse problems,",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 21 23:49:16 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Lec2002,
  author =       "C. Leclercq and O. Faris and R. Tunin and J. Johnson
                 and R. Kato and F. Evans and J. Spinelli and H.
                 Halperin and E. McVeigh and D.A. Kass",
  title =        "Systolic improvement and mechanical resynchronization
                 does not require electrical synchrony in the dilated
                 failing heart with left bundle-branch block.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2002",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "106",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "1760--1763",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Biventricular (BiV) and left ventricular
                 (LV) pacing similarly augment systolic function in left
                 bundle-branch block (LBBB)-failing hearts despite
                 different electrical activation. We tested whether
                 electrical synchrony is required to achieve mechanical
                 synchronization and functional benefit from pacing.
                 METHODS AND RESULTS: Epicardial mapping, tagged MRI,
                 and hemodynamics were obtained in dogs with
                 LBBB-failing hearts during right atrial, LV, and BiV
                 stimulation. BiV and LV both significantly improved
                 chamber hemodynamics (eg, 25\% increase in dP/dt(max)
                 and aortic pulse pressure) compared with atrial
                 pacing-LBBB, and this improvement correlated with
                 mechanical resynchronization. Electrical dispersion,
                 however, decreased 13\% with BiV but increased 23\%
                 with LV pacing (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Improved
                 mechanical synchrony and function do not require
                 electrical synchrony. Mechanical coordination plays the
                 dominant role in global systolic improvement with
                 either pacing approach.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 2 08:11:54 2003",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee00,
  author =       "R.L. Lee and A.Y. Kwok and F.A. Briggs",
  title =        "The floating point performance of a superscalar
                 {SPARC} processor",
  journal =      "??",
  year =         "??",
  pages =        "30--37",
  robnote =      "Article from Nelson's course on how superscalar
                 architectures make fast computers.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee2000,
  author =       "J.H. Lee and S.L. Cheng and R. Selvester and M.H.
                 Ellestad",
  title =        "Kligfield-Okin index: revisiting the correction of
                 {ST} depression for delta heart rate.",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        apr,
  volume =       "85",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1022--1004",
  robnote =      "no abstract online and no hardcopy yet, but looks
                 good!",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 20 12:27:47 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee2006,
  author =       "K. W. Lee and T. H. th Everett and D. Rahmutula and J.
                 M. Guerra and E. Wilson and C. Ding and J. E. Olgin",
  title =        "Pirfenidone prevents the development of a vulnerable
                 substrate for atrial fibrillation in a canine model of
                 heart failure",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "114",
  number =       "16",
  pages =        "1703--1712",
  abstract =     "BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrosis is an important substrate
                 in atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in the
                 setting of structural heart disease. In a canine model,
                 congestive heart failure (CHF) produces significant
                 atrial fibrosis and the substrate for sustained AF.
                 This atrial remodeling is a potential therapeutic
                 target. The objective of the present study is to
                 evaluate the effects of the antifibrotic drug
                 pirfenidone (PFD) on arrhythmogenic atrial remodeling
                 in a canine CHF model. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied
                 15 canines, divided equally into 3 groups: control, CHF
                 canines not treated with PFD, and CHF canines treated
                 with PFD. CHF was induced by ventricular tachypacing
                 (220 bpm for 3 weeks), and oral PFD was administered
                 for the 3-week pacing period. We performed
                 electrophysiology and AF vulnerability studies, atrial
                 fibrosis measurements, and atrial cytokine expression
                 studies. Only canines in the untreated CHF group
                 developed sustained AF (>30 minutes, 4 of 5 canines;
                 P<0.05). Treatment of CHF canines with PFD resulted in
                 an attenuation of arrhythmogenic left atrial
                 remodeling, with a significant reduction in left atrial
                 conduction heterogeneity index (median [25\% to 75\%
                 interquartile range] 4.96 [3.53 to 5.64] versus 2.52
                 [2.11 to 2.82], P<0.01; pacing cycle length 300 ms),
                 left atrial fibrosis (16.0\% [13.0\% to 17.5\%] versus
                 8.7\% [5.7\% to 10.6\%], P<0.01), and AF duration (1800
                 [1020 to 1800] seconds versus 6 [5 to 22] seconds,
                 P<0.01). Immunoblotting studies demonstrated the drug's
                 effects on multiple cytokines, including a reduction in
                 transforming growth factor-beta1 expression.
                 CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of CHF canines with PFD results
                 in significantly reduced arrhythmogenic atrial
                 remodeling and AF vulnerability. Pharmacological
                 therapy targeted at the fibrotic substrate itself may
                 play an important role in the management of AF.",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee2008,
  author =       "W.C. Lee and G.A. Lamas and S. Balu and J. Spalding and
                 Q. Wang and C.L. Pashos",
  title =        "Direct treatment cost of atrial fibrillation in the
                 elderly {A}merican population: {A} {M}edicare perspective",
  journal =      "J. Med. Econ.",
  year =         "2008",
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "281--298",
  month =         "Feb.",
  robnote =      "OBJECTIVE: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most
                 commonly sustained arrhythmia in adults, few studies have
                 examined the direct treatment cost of AF. METHODS: A
                 Medicare database of a 5\% random national sample of all
                 beneficiaries was used to identify patients diagnosed with
                 AF in 2003 and to follow them for 1 year after diagnosis.
                 These patients were matched on a 1:1 basis by age, gender
                 and race. The incremental cost of treating AF was
                 calculated with multivariate regression models adjusting
                 for covariates. RESULTS: In total, 55,260 subjects
                 developed new AF, of which 69\% were >or=75 years old,
                 54\% were female and 91\% were White. The adjusted mean
                 incremental treatment cost of AF was \$14,199 (95\%
                 confidence interval \$13,201-15,001; p<0.01). Some of this
                 cost was attributable to the incidence of stroke and heart
                 failure at the 1-year post-AF diagnosis. A significantly
                 higher proportion of AF patients experienced stroke (23.1
                 vs. 13.3\%; p<0.01) and heart failure (36.7 vs. 10.4\%;
                 p<0.01) compared with Medicare beneficiaries without AF.
                 CONCLUSIONS: Mean incremental direct treatment costs for
                 Medicare beneficiaries with AF were higher than previously
                 reported. Interventions that can reduce the incidence of
                 AF and its complications may also reduce the national
                 economic impact of AF.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 17 16:34:31 2010",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee2009,
  author =       "A.M. Lee and S.J. Melby and J.r. Damiano RJ",
  title =        "The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation.",
  journal =      "Surg Clin North Am",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1001--20, x--xi",
  robnote =      "Atrial fibrillation is a complex disease affecting a
                 significant portion of the general population. Although
                 medical therapy is the mainstay of treatment, intervention
                 plays an important role in selected patients. The Cox-Maze
                 procedure is the gold standard for the surgical treatment
                 of atrial fibrillation and has more than 90\% success in
                 eliminating atrial fibrillation. Ablation technologies
                 have played a key role in simplifying this technically
                 demanding procedure and making it available to more
                 patients. A myriad of new lesion sets and approaches were
                 introduced over the last decade which has made the
                 operative treatment of atrial fibrillation less invasive
                 and more confusing.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 19 07:02:42 2010",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee2009a,
  author =       "A.M. Lee and S.J. Melby and J.r. Damiano RJ",
  title =        "The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation.",
  journal =      "Surg Clin North Am",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "89",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1001--20, x--xi",
  robnote =      "Atrial fibrillation is a complex disease affecting a
                 significant portion of the general population. Although
                 medical therapy is the mainstay of treatment, intervention
                 plays an important role in selected patients. The Cox-Maze
                 procedure is the gold standard for the surgical treatment
                 of atrial fibrillation and has more than 90\% success in
                 eliminating atrial fibrillation. Ablation technologies
                 have played a key role in simplifying this technically
                 demanding procedure and making it available to more
                 patients. A myriad of new lesion sets and approaches were
                 introduced over the last decade which has made the
                 operative treatment of atrial fibrillation less invasive
                 and more confusing.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 19 07:02:42 2010",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee79,
  author =       "K.S. Lee and T.A. Weeks and R.L. Kao and N. Akaike and
                 A.M. Brown",
  title =        "Sodium Current in Single Heart Muscle Cells",
  journal =      "Nature",
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "278",
  month =        mar,
  pages =        "269--271",
  robnote =      "An important report of sodium channels currents in
                 single heart cells, but at reduced temperatures (23
                 degrees). patch clamp, whole cell patch, using a rather
                 large suction pipette, whole cell patch clamp.,
                 CardCell028",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee80,
  author =       "D.T. Lee and B.J. Schachter",
  title =        "Two Algorithms for Constructing a {D}elaunay
                 Triangulation",
  journal =      "Int. J. Comp. Inf. Sci.",
  year =         "1980",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "219--242",
  robnote =      "More triangularization, from Phil, mesh generation
                 delaunay thesis, NumMath033",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee81,
  author =       "J.T. Lee and R.E. Ideker and K.A. Reimer",
  title =        "Myocardial Infarct Size and Location in Relation to
                 the Coronary Vascular Bed at Risk in Man",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "6",
  pages =        "526--534",
  robnote =      "An important paper, very complete, a look at the
                 correlation between vascular bed and ischemic area at
                 risk. They found good corellation here between vascular
                 bed size and infarct size. Vascular bed determined via
                 angiographic means postmortem, by injecting with barium
                 and then X-ray'ing. MI. thesis, Ischemia020",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee83,
  author =       "C.T. Lee and L.Y. Wei",
  title =        "Spectrum Analysis of Human Pulse",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "348--351",
  robnote =      "pulse spectral graphs, spectral analysis of pulse
                 signals, biological signal processing, Cardiol004",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee86,
  author =       "G. Lee and J.M. Garcia and M.C. Chan and P.J. Corso
                 and J. Bacos and M.L. Lee and A. Pichard and R.L. Reis
                 and D.T. Mason",
  title =        "Clinically Successful Long-term Laser Coronary
                 Recanalization",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "112",
  pages =        "1323--1325",
  robnote =      "This is the first reference I found to successful use
                 of the metal capped laser probe on humans. Surgery was
                 open heart, ie. not percutaneous, but with the metal
                 capped probe no problem with perforation. PTCA, laser
                 angioplasty., Ischemia039",
}

@Article{RSM:Lee94,
  author =       "H.S. Lee and S.J. Cross and P. Garthwaite and A.
                 Dickie and I. Ross and S. Walton and K. Jennings",
  title =        "Comparison of the value of novel rapid measurements of
                 myoglobin, creatine kinase, and creatine kinease-{MB}
                 with the electrocardiogram fr the diagnosis of acute
                 myocardial infarction",
  journal =      j-BHJ,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "71",
  pages =        "311--315",
  robnote =      "Two interesting things here: 1) the use of rapid
                 enzyme checks (we thought they all took longer to run)
                 and 2) the ECG alone did better than any of the enzymes
                 and combinations with ECG and enzymes did best. MI,
                 quantitative ECG, ischemia",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lef2003,
  author =       "A.E. Lefohn and J.M. Kniss and C.D. Hansen and R.T.
                 Whitaker",
  title =        "Interactive Deformation and Visualization of Level Set
                 Surfaces Using Graphics Hardware",
  booktitle =    c-VIS2003,
  pages =        "75--82",
  year =         "2003",
  month =        oct,
  location =     "Seattle, Wa.",
  keywords =     "ip image processing signal processing, segmentation,
                 imaging, level-set methods, level-sets",
  URL =          "http://www.sci.utah.edu/publications/lefohn03/visLevelSetPaper.pdf",
}

@Article{RSM:Lef2004,
  author =       "A.E. Lefohn and J.M. Kniss and C.D. Hansen and R.T.
                 Whitaker",
  title =        "A Streaming Narrow-Band Algorithm: Interactive
                 Deformation and Visualization of Level Sets",
  journal =      "{IEEE} Transactions on Visualization and Computer
                 Graphics",
  pages =        "422--433",
  year =         "2004",
  keywords =     "scalar field methods, volume rendering, ip image
                 processing signal processing, segmentation, surface
                 processing, Imaging, modeling, GPU, level-set methods,
                 imaging, deformable models, gpu, level-set methods
                 level-sets, streaming computation, virtual memory",
}

@Article{RSM:Lef2009,
  DOI =          "10.1016/j.neucli.2008.11.001",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        feb,
  publisher =    "Elsevier {BV}",
  volume =       "39",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--14",
  author =       "J.-P. Lefaucheur",
  title =        "Methods of therapeutic cortical stimulation",
  journal =      "Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology",
  oldkey =       "Lefaucheur_2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Leg87,
  author =       "V. Legrand and F.M. Aueron and E.R. Bates and W.W.
                 O'Neill and J.M.B. Hodgson and G.B.J. Mancini",
  title =        "Value of exercise Radionuclide Ventriculography and
                 Thallium-201 Scintography in Evaluating Successful
                 Coronary Angioplasty: {C}omparison with Coronary Flow
                 Reserve, Translesional Gradient and Percent Diameter
                 Stenosis",
  journal =      j-EHJ,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "329--339",
  robnote =      "thesis, PTCA010",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Leg91,
  author =       "S.M. Legensky",
  title =        "Advanced visualization on desktop workstations",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IEEE Visualization 91",
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "372--377",
  publisher =    "IEEE CS Press",
  address =      "Los Alamitos, Calif.",
  robnote =      "A review and tutorial of sorts on graphics
                 workstations and how they should be developed in the
                 future. scientific visualization.",
}

@Article{RSM:Leh94,
  author =       "M.H. Lehmann and F. Suzuki and M.S. Fromm and D.
                 Frankovich and P. Alko and R.T. Steinman and J. Fresard
                 and J.J. Baga and T. Taggart",
  title =        "{T} wave ``humps'' as a potential electrocardiographi
                 marker of the long {QT} syndrome",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "746--754",
  robnote =      "LQTS detection by means of features in the T wave of
                 the ECG. SCOR",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 06 01:14:16 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Lei2005,
  author =       "T. Leiner and G. Katsimaglis and E. N. Yeh and K. V.
                 Kissinger and G. van Yperen and H. Eggers and W. J.
                 Manning and R. M. Botnar",
  title =        "Correction for heart rate variability improves
                 coronary magnetic resonance angiography",
  journal =      "J Magn Reson Imaging",
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "577--82",
  year =         "2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Lei82,
  author =       "S. Leibson",
  title =        "The Input/Output Primer",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1982",
  month =        feb,
  robnote =      "A multi-part series on input and output as it works
                 for personal computers: What is I/O?, Interrupts and
                 Direct Memory Access, the parallel and HPIB (IEEE-488)
                 Interfaces, BCD and serial interfaces, character codes,
                 interrupts, buffers, grounds and signal degradation,
                 CompHard025",
}

@Article{RSM:Lei95,
  author =       "J. Leitch and M. Basta and A. Dobson",
  title =        "{QT} dispersion does not predict early ventricular
                 fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction.",
  journal =      "Pacing Clin Electrophysiol",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1 Pt 1",
  pages =        "45--8",
  robnote =      "Tried to see if QT dispersion was predictive of VF
                 after acute MI.Thus, QT interval and QT dispersion,
                 measured on the presenting ECG, did not predict early
                 VF after myocardial infarction.LQTS, SCOR",
}

@Article{RSM:Lel2008,
  author =       "N. Lellouche and P. Jais and I. Nault and M. Wright and
                 M. Bevilacqua and S. Knecht and S. Matsuo and K.T. Lim and
                 F. Sacher and A. Deplagne and P. Bordachar and M. Hocini
                 and M. Haissaguerre",
  title =        "Early recurrences after atrial fibrillation ablation:
                 prognostic value and effect of early reablation.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2008",
  month =        "Jun",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "599--605",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: Early arrhythmia recurrences are common
                 within the first month after atrial fibrillation (AF)
                 ablation. The long-term consequences of these early
                 recurrences (ER) are controversial. We investigated
                 whether ER were predictive of late recurrences and the
                 impact of early reablation on clinical outcome. METHODS:
                 An
                 overwhelming majority of patients with recurrences within
                 the first month after ablation have late recurrences. An
                 early reablation reduces the incidence of further
                 recurrences. However, the overall number of procedures is
                 higher in the medium-term follow-up. The optimal timing
                 for the second procedure remains to be defined.  Also the
		 indirect source for recurrent rates of 30\% for paroxsysmal
		 and over half for persistent.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 18 15:40:06 2010",
}

@Article{RSM:Lem86,
  author =       "N.J. Lembo and M.R. Starling and L.J. Dell'Italia and
                 M.H. Crawford and T.K. Chaudhuri and R.A. O'Rourke",
  title =        "Clinical and prognostic important of persistent
                 precordial (${\rm {V}_{1}}$--${\rm {V}_{4}}$)
                 electrocardiographic {ST} segment depression in
                 patients with inferior transmural myocardial
                 infarction",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "74",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--63",
  robnote =      "The authors suggest that while lots of patients with
                 inferior MI (IMI) show ST depression, that most people
                 resolve it over 24 hours. There is a small group,
                 however, in whom it persists and this group does much
                 worse by virtually all clinical indicators, including
                 death within a year of their first infarcts.",
}

@Article{RSM:Leo2015,
  author =       "K.M. Leong and P.B. Lim and P. Kanagaratnam",
  title =        "Comparative analysis of diagnostic 12-lead
                 electrocardiography and 3-dimensional noninvasive mapping.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--78",
  robnote =      "The clinical utility of noninvasive electrocardiographic
                 imaging has been demonstrated in a variety of conditions.
                 It has recently been shown to have superior predictive
                 accuracy and higher clinical value than validated 12-lead
                 electrogram algorithms in the localization of arrhythmias
                 arising from the ventricular outflow tract, and displays
                 similar potential in other conditions.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Leo91a,
  author =       "L.J. Leon and B.M. Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Computer model of excitation and recovery in the
                 anisotropic myocardium: {I} {R}ectangular and cubic
                 arrays of excitable elements",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "1--15",
  robnote =      "Josh's thesis papers, propagation model, cellular
                 automata",
}

@Article{RSM:Leo91b,
  author =       "L.J. Leon and B.M. Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Computer model of excitation and recovery in the
                 anisotropic myocardium: {II} {E}xcitation in the
                 simplified left ventricle",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "17--31",
  robnote =      "Josh's thesis papers, propagation model, cellular
                 automata",
}

@Article{RSM:Leo91c,
  author =       "L.J. Leon and B.M. Hor\'{a}\v{c}ek",
  title =        "Computer model of excitation and recovery in the
                 anisotropic myocardium: {III} {A}rrhythmogenic
                 conditions in the simplified left ventricle",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "33--41",
  robnote =      "Josh's thesis papers, propagation model, cellular
                 automata",
}

@Article{RSM:Leo91d,
  author =       "L.J. Leon and F.A. Roberge",
  title =        "Structural complexity effects on transverse
                 propagation in a two-dimensional model of myocardium.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1991",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "997--1009",
  robnote =      "A thin sheet of cardiac tissue was modeled as a set of
                 resistively coupled excitable cables with membrane
                 dynamics described by the modified Beeler Reuter model.
                 Transverse connections have a resistance Rn and are
                 regularly distributed with a spacing delta on any given
                 cable, to provide alternating input and output
                 junctions. Flat wave longitudinal propagation
                 corresponds to propagation along a single continuous
                 cable since all units of the network are functionally
                 isolated due to the absence of transverse current flow.
                 Events on a given cable during flat transverse
                 propagation include electrotonic spread of potential
                 from input to output junctions, action potential
                 initiation at input junctions, and collision at output
                 junctions. The propagating two-dimensional transverse
                 wavefront is an undulating transmembrane potential
                 surface with highs at the input junctions and lows at
                 the output junctions. The action potential upstroke is
                 also modulated in a periodic manner with minimum and
                 maximum Vmax at the input and output junctions
                 respectively. Thus, the network is capable of a
                 diversity of dynamic behavior spatially distributed in
                 relation to the specific pattern of transverse
                 connections chosen. Overall, the behavior of the
                 network model is in good agreement with available
                 structural and electrophysiological data on myocardium.
                 In addition, this network topology allows to handle
                 more easily parameters governing propagation and to
                 avoid very large matrices which are costly in
                 computational effort and overall computer time.",
  bibdate =      "01/19/02 15:23:09",
}

@Article{RSM:Leo94,
  author =       "L.J. Leon and F.A. Roberge and A. Vinet",
  title =        "Simulation of two-dimensional anisotropic cardiac
                 reentry: effects of the wavelength on the reentry
                 characteristics.",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "1994",
  month =        nov # "-" # dec,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "592--609",
  robnote =      "A two-dimensional sheet model was used to study the
                 dynamics of reentry around a zone of functional block.
                 The sheet is a set of parallel, continuous, and uniform
                 cables, transversely interconnected by a brick-wall
                 arrangement of fixed resistors. In accord with
                 experimental observations on cardiac tissue,
                 longitudinal propagation is continuous, whereas
                 transverse propagation exhibits discontinuous features.
                 The width and length of the sheet are 1.5 and 5 cm,
                 respectively, and the anisotropy ratio is fixed at
                 approximately 4:1. The membrane model is a modified
                 Beeler-Reuter formulation incorporating faster sodium
                 current dynamics. We fixed the basic wavelength and
                 action potential duration of the propagating impulse by
                 dividing the time constants of the secondary inward
                 current by an integer K. Reentry was initiated by a
                 standard cross-shock protocol, and the rotating
                 activity appeared as curling patterns around the point
                 of junction (the q-point) of the activation (A) and
                 recovery (R) fronts. The curling R front always
                 precedes the A front and is separated from it by the
                 excitable gap. In addition, the R front is occasionally
                 shifted abruptly through a merging with a slow-moving
                 triggered secondary recovery front that is dissociated
                 from the A front and q-point. Sustained irregular
                 reentry associated with substantial excitable gap
                 variations was simulated with short wavelengths (K = 8
                 and K = 4). Unsustained reentry was obtained with a
                 longer wavelength (K = 2), leading to a breakup of the
                 q-point locus and the triggering of new activation
                 fronts.",
  bibdate =      "01/19/02 15:23:09",
}

@Article{RSM:Leo95,
  author =       "L.J. Leon and F.X. Witkowski",
  title =        "Calculation of transmembrane current from
                 extracellular potential recordings: a model study.",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol",
  year =         "1995",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "379--390",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: A mathematical/computer model of cardiac
                 tissue was used to study the estimation of
                 transmembrane current (EIm) from extracellular
                 potential recordings. METHODS AND RESULTS: The
                 simulated EIm of transmembrane current was compared
                 with the simulated transmembrane current (Im), and both
                 simulated values were compared with experimentally
                 derived EIm obtained during sinus rhythm and
                 ventricular fibrillation in dogs. We found that
                 although EIm measurements slightly overestimate the
                 duration of the Im waveform, they provide a reasonable
                 approximation of Im during normal conduction and during
                 decremental conduction and conduction block.
                 CONCLUSIONS: There is a very clear linear correlation
                 between the time spent at or below 25\% of the peak
                 inward transmembrane current (Im25), its corresponding
                 estimate (EIm25), the peak inward Im and EIm, and the
                 peak ionic current, providing some evidence that EIm25
                 may be a suitable in vivo measure of peak ionic
                 current.",
  bibdate =      "01/19/02 15:23:09",
}

@Article{RSM:Les89,
  author =       "M.D. Lesh and M. Pring and J.F. Spear",
  title =        "Cellular uncoupling can unmask dispersion of action
                 potential duration in ventricular myocardium. {A}
                 computer modeling study.",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "65",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1426--1440",
  robnote =      "We tested this hypothesis in a numerical model of
                 electrical propagation in a grid of resistively coupled
                 ionic current sources simulating a sheet of ventricular
                 myocardium. Spatial dispersion of intrinsic action
                 potential duration was simulated by varying the
                 magnitude of the fully activated slow inward
                 conductance in Beeler-Reuter membrane ionic kinetics.
                 By then altering coupling resistance, we showed that
                 dispersion of manifest action potential duration is
                 masked in the setting of normal low-resistance cellular
                 coupling and unmasked by increased axial resistance.",
}

@Article{RSM:Les93,
  author =       "M.D. Lesh",
  title =        "Interventional electrophysiology---{S}tate of the art
                 1993",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "126",
  pages =        "686--698",
  robnote =      "a paper by Mike on atrial fibrillation, ablation,
                 defibrillators, etc.",
}

@Article{RSM:Les96,
  author =       "M.D. Lesh and J.M. Kalman and J.E. Olgin and W.S.
                 Ellis",
  title =        "The role of atrial anatomy in clinical atrial
                 arrhythmias",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "101--113",
  robnote =      "Mike's ISCE talk on atrial fibrillation and localizing
                 atrial arrhythmias",
}

@Article{RSM:Leu82,
  author =       "H. Leuprecht and F. Dienstl",
  title =        "Computyerized Mapping of Acute Myocardial Infarction",
  journal =      "J. Microcomp. Applic.",
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "31--41",
  robnote =      "A paper from Innsbruck on a simple mapping system,
                 actually a 6- lead ECG analysis system with
                 microprocessor control and monitoring of a number of
                 parameters. Electronics, software, Austria.,
                 Ischemia065",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lev2010,
  author = 	 "J.A. Levine and D.J. Swenson and Z. Fu and R.S. MacLeod and
                  R.T. Whitaker",
  title = 	 "A comparison of Delaunay-based meshing algorithms for
                  electrophysiological cardiac simulations",
  booktitle = "Virtual Physiological Human 2010",
  pages = 	 "181--183",
  year = 	 2010,
  organization = "VPH",
  Robnote = 	 "VPH 2010 meeting"
}

@Article{RSM:Lev75,
  author =       "R. Levites and V.S. Banka and R.H. Helfant",
  title =        "Electrophysiologic effect of coronary occlusion and
                 reperfusion",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1975",
  volume =       "52",
  pages =        "760--765",
  robnote =      "A paper on post ischemic arrhythmias from occlusions
                 in dogs. The occlusions are quite long, soe 15--30
                 minutes, and so this does not tell us much about
                 hyperacute infarcts, but still qualifies as acute
                 compared to the chronic studies by others. Refractory
                 times.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lev82,
  author =       "C.L. Levkov",
  title =        "Amplification of Biosignals by Body Potential
                 Driving",
  journal =      "Med. \& Biol. Eng. \& Comput.",
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "248--250",
  robnote =      "biomedical amplifier, electrocardiography, ECG,
                 interference reduction, multichannel system, surface
                 mapping, BSPM, Electronics007",
}

@Article{RSM:Lev85,
  author =       "J.H. Levine and J.F. Spear and T. Guarnieri and M.L.
                 Weisfeldt and Langende and L.C. Becker and E.N. Moore",
  title =        "Cesium chloride-induced long {QT} syndrome:
                 demonstration of afterdepolarizations and triggered
                 activity in vivo.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1092--103",
  robnote =      "In simultaneous MAP and transmembrane recordings,
                 afterdepolarizations induced with barium (early) or
                 acetylstrophanthidin (delayed) were detected in MAPs
                 when present in microelectrode recordings. MAPs were
                 then recorded in situ in eight dogs with cesium
                 chloride-induced long QT syndrome associated with
                 ventricular arrhythmias. LQTS, No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Lev86,
  author =       "S. Levy and P. Lauribe and E. DOlla and W. Kou and A.
                 Kadish and H. Calkins and F. Pagannelli and C. Moyal
                 and M. Bremondy and A. Schork",
  title =        "A randomized comparison of external and internal
                 cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "86",
  pages =        "1415--1420",
  robnote =      "cardioversion of atrial fibrillation, atrial
                 arrhythmias.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lev86b,
  author =       "J.H. Levine and E.N. Moore and A.H. Kadish and T.
                 Guarnieri and J.F. Spear",
  title =        "The Monophasic Action Potential Upstroke: {A} Means of
                 Characterizing Local Conduction",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "74",
  pages =        "1147--1155",
  robnote =      "Monophasic action potentials and using the rising
                 phase of the signal to determine arrival times for
                 excitation., CardCell021",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Lev91,
  author =       "H. Levkowitz and R.A. Holub and G.W. Meyer and P.K.
                 Robertson",
  title =        "Color vs. black-and-white in visualization",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the IEEE Visualization 91",
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "336--339",
  publisher =    "IEEE CS Press",
  address =      "Los Alamitos, Calif.",
  robnote =      "A panel discussion on how colour should be used in
                 graphics. scientific visualization",
}

@Article{RSM:Lew00,
  author =       "B.V. Lewenstein",
  title =        "Energy in a jar: {T}he search for morals to the cold
                 fusion fiasco",
  journal =      "??",
  year =         "??",
  pages =        "44--49",
  robnote =      "A review of two books on the cold fusion story.",
}

@Article{RSM:Lew20,
  author =       "T. Lewis",
  title =        "Observations upon flutter and fibrillation. {Part I}.
                 The regularity of clinical auricular flutter",
  journal =      "Heart",
  year =         "1920",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "127--130",
  robnote =      "classic early ref, no hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 11 10:58:35 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Lew2009a,
  author =       "S. Lew and C.H. Wolters and A. Anwander and S. Makeig and
                 R.S. Macleod",
  title =        "Improved {EEG} source analysis using low-resolution
                 conductivity estimation in a four-compartment finite
                 element head model.",
  journal =      "Hum Brain Mapp",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "2862-2878",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Dec",
  robnote =      "We propose a low-resolution conductivity
                 estimation (LRCE) method using simulated annealing
                 optimization on high-resolution finite element models that
                 individually optimizes a realistically shaped four-layer
                 volume conductor with regard to the brain and skull
                 compartment conductivities. As input data, the method
                 needs T1- and PD-weighted magnetic resonance images for an
                 improved modeling of the skull and the cerebrospinal fluid
                 compartment and evoked potential data with high
                 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our simulation studies showed
                 that for EEG data with realistic SNR, the LRCE method was
                 able to simultaneously reconstruct both the brain and the
                 skull conductivity together with the underlying dipole
                 source and provided an improved source analysis result. We
                 have also demonstrated the feasibility and applicability
                 of the new method to simultaneously estimate brain and
                 skull conductivity and a somatosensory source from
                 measured tactile somatosensory-evoked potentials of a
                 human subject. Our results show the viability of an
                 approach that computes its own conductivity values and
                 thus reduces the dependence on assigning values from the
                 literature and likely produces a more robust estimate of
                 current sources. Using the LRCE method, the individually
                 optimized four-compartment volume conductor model can, in
                 a second step, be used for the analysis of clinical or
                 cognitive data acquired from the same subject. Hum Brain
                 Mapp, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.",
  note   =       "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20714",
  bibdate =      "Sun Apr 26 13:45:54 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Lew2009b,
  author = 	 "S. Lew and C.H. Wolters and T. Dierkes and
		  C. Roer and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Accuracy and run-time comparison for different
		  potential approaches and iterative solvers in
		  finite element method based {EEG} source analysis",
  journal = 	 "Applied Num. Math.",
  year = 	 "2009",
  volume =	 "59",
  pages =	 "1970--1988",
  robnote = 	 "paper from Seok's thesis",
  bibdate = 	 "Sun May 10 07:50:05 2009",
  pmcid =        "NIHMS[120338]"
}

@Article{RSM:Lew2013,
  author =       "S. Lew and D.D. Sliva and M.S. Choe and P.E. Grant and Y.
                 Okada and C.H. Wolters and M.S. Hamalainen",
  title =        "Effects of sutures and fontanels on {MEG} and {EEG} source
                 analysis in a realistic infant head model.",
  journal =      "Neuroimage",
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "76",
  pages =        "282--293",
  robnote =      "In infants, the fontanels and sutures as well as
                 conductivity of the skull influence the volume currents
                 accompanying primary currents generated by active neurons
                 and thus the associated electroencephalography (EEG) and
                 magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals. We used a finite
                 element method (FEM) to construct a realistic model of the
                 head of an infant based on MRI images. Using this model,
                 we investigated the effects of the fontanels, sutures and
                 skull conductivity on forward and inverse EEG and MEG
                 source analysis. Simulation results show that MEG is
                 better suited than EEG to study early brain development
                 because it is much less sensitive than EEG to distortions
                 of the volume current caused by the fontanels and sutures
                 and to inaccurate estimates of skull conductivity. Best
                 results will be achieved when MEG and EEG are used in
                 combination.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 21 22:02:18 2014",
  pmcid =        "

license: MIT

license_type: permissive