text:
@article{
   title = {Alternative treatments for irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Johns Hopkins Med Lett Health After 50},
   volume = {21},
   number = {5},
   pages = {4-5},
   note = {Journal Article
United States
Johns Hopkins Med Lett Health After 50. 2009 Jul;21(5):4-5.},
   keywords = {Complementary Therapies
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*therapy},
   ISSN = {1042-1882 (Print)
1042-1882},
   Accession Number = {19623738},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Experts revise guidelines for irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Harv Womens Health Watch},
   volume = {16},
   number = {7},
   pages = {6-7},
   note = {News
United States
Harv Womens Health Watch. 2009 Mar;16(7):6-7.},
   keywords = {Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use
Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diagnosis/*drug therapy
Life Style
Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use
*Patient Education as Topic
*Practice Guidelines as Topic
United States},
   ISSN = {1070-910X (Print)
1070-910x},
   Accession Number = {19402238},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Irritable bowel syndrome: a mild disorder; purely symptomatic treatment},
   journal = {Prescrire Int},
   volume = {18},
   number = {100},
   pages = {75-9},
   note = {Journal Article
France
Prescrire Int. 2009 Apr;18(100):75-9.},
   abstract = {(1) Patients frequently complain of occasional bowel movement disorders, associated with abdominal pain or discomfort, but they are rarely due to an underlying organ involvement. Even when patients have recurrent symptoms, serious disorders are no more frequent in these patients than in the general population, unless other manifestations, anaemia, or an inflammatory syndrome is also present; (2) There is currently no way of radically modifying the natural course of recurrent irritable bowel syndrome; (3) The effects of antispasmodics on abdominal pain have been tested in about 20 randomised controlled trials. Pinaverium and peppermint essential oil have the best-documented efficacy and only moderate adverse effects. Antispasmodics with marked atropinic effects do not have a favourable risk-benefit balance; (4) Tricylic antidepressants seem to have only modest analgesic effects in this setting. In contrast, their adverse effects are frequent and they have somewhat negative risk-benefit balances. Nor has the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs) been demonstrated; (5) Alosetron and tegaserod carry a risk of potentially life-threatening adverse effects and therefore have negative risk-benefit balances; (6) Seeds of plants such as psyllium and ispaghul, as well as raw apples and pears, have a limited impact on constipation and pain. Osmotic laxatives are effective on constipation. Symptomatic treatments for constipation can sometimes aggravate abdominal discomfort; (7) Loperamide has been poorly assessed in patients with recurrent irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. It modestly slows bowel movement but does not relieve pain or abdominal discomfort; (8) Dietary measures have not been tested in comparative trials. Some patients are convinced that certain foods provoke a recurrence of irritable bowel syndrome, but restrictive diets carry a risk of nutritional deficiencies; (9) Various techniques intended to control emotional and psychological disturbances have been proposed, including relaxation, biofeedback, hypnosis, and psychotherapy. The results of clinical trials are not convincing; (10) Oral products containing live bacteria, designed to change the equilibrium of intestinal flora, have been tested in 13 placebo-controlled trials, with inconsistent results. A few cases of septicaemia have been reported; (11) The six available trials of acupuncture (versus sham acupuncture) showed no more than a placebo effect; (12) In practice, patients who have recurrent irritable bowel syndrome but with no other signs of a condition warranting specific treatment should be reassured as to the harmless nature of their disorder if a careful physical examination and basic laboratory tests are negative. The only available treatments have purely symptomatic effects and only limited efficacy. It is best to avoid using all treatments and additional diagnostic investigations that carry a risk of disproportionate adverse effects.},
   keywords = {Acupuncture Therapy
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Carbolines/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Clinical Trials as Topic
Constipation/drug therapy
Diarrhea/drug therapy
Diet Therapy
Gastrointestinal Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Humans
Indoles/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/*therapy
Laxatives/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Loperamide/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Palliative Care
Parasympatholytics/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Probiotics/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Psychotherapy
Psyllium/therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic},
   ISSN = {1167-7422 (Print)
1167-7422},
   Accession Number = {19585728},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Digestive disorders. How to recognize problems, what increases risk},
   journal = {Mayo Clin Womens Healthsource},
   volume = {Suppl},
   pages = {1-8},
   note = {Journal Article
United States
Mayo Clin Womens Healthsource. 2010 Mar;Suppl:1-8.},
   keywords = {Activities of Daily Living
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
Diverticulosis, Colonic/diagnosis/prevention & control
Exercise
*Feeding Behavior
Female
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*diagnosis/*prevention & control
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis/prevention & control
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/prevention & control
*Life Style
Male
Middle Aged
Risk Factors
Stomach Ulcer/diagnosis/prevention & control
United States},
   ISSN = {1091-0220 (Print)
1091-0220},
   Accession Number = {20410855},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Information from your family doctor. Irritable bowel syndrome: controlling your symptoms},
   journal = {Am Fam Physician},
   volume = {82},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1449-51},
   note = {1532-0650
Journal Article
Patient Education Handout
United States
Am Fam Physician. 2010 Dec 15;82(12):1449-51.},
   keywords = {Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use
Humans
*Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology/therapy
Stress, Psychological/complications/prevention & control},
   ISSN = {0002-838x},
   Accession Number = {21166364},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Abrantes-Lemos, C. P. and Nakhle, M. C. and Damiao, A. O. and Sipahi, A. M. and Carrilho, F. J. and Cancado, E. L.},
   title = {Performance of two commercial ELISAs for detecting IgA anti-human and anti-guinea pig tissue transglutaminase antibodies},
   journal = {Clin Lab},
   volume = {56},
   number = {1-2},
   pages = {29-35},
   note = {Abrantes-Lemos, Clarice Pires
Nakhle, Maria Cristina
Damiao, Aderson Omar Mourao Cintra
Sipahi, Aytan Miranda
Carrilho, Flair Jose
Cancado, Eduardo Luiz R
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Clin Lab. 2010;56(1-2):29-35.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sensitivity and specificity of anti-human tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-htTGA) seem to be superior to those of anti-tissue transglutaminase of guinea pig (anti-gptTGA) for screening patients with celiac disease (CD), but there are still controversies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two INOVA ELISA kits to detect IgA anti-htTGA and anti-gptTGA in patients with and without CD. METHODS: The study groups were comprised of 49 anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)-positive untreated-CD, and 123 controls (EMA-negative treated CD, EMA-negative chronic diarrhea, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and healthy people). RESULTS: The agreement between the two ELISAs was statistically significant in all study groups and there was no significant difference between them (92.7% agreement; kappa = 0.70; kappa p = 0.001; McNemar p = 1). All patients with serum reactivity of more than 100 units had histologic diagnosis of CD. In seven of 10 patients with treated-CD who had control biopsies, villous atrophy was still present in four who tested positive by both kits. Two of three celiacs with histologic remission tested positive for both anti-tTGA. CONCLUSIONS: the anti-gptTGA and anti-htTGA determination were equally efficient in identifying patients with untreated-CD with high titers of EMA. Whatever the anti-tTGA ELISA used, the reactivity above 100 units was always related to active CD diagnosed by histologic alterations in intestinal biopsies. The anti-tTGA reactivity by both kits was not only similar in determining histologic activity in the follow-up of CD after a gluten free diet, but also in identifying positive sera from the control groups, regardless if CD has been confirmed by duodenal biopsies.},
   keywords = {Adult
Animals
Antibodies/*blood
Celiac Disease/blood/immunology
Chronic Disease
Diarrhea/blood/enzymology/immunology
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods
Factor XIIIa/*immunology
Female
Guinea Pigs
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*blood
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/blood/enzymology/immunology
Male},
   ISSN = {1433-6510 (Print)
1433-6510},
   Accession Number = {20380357},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Agrawal, A. and Houghton, L. A. and Morris, J. and Reilly, B. and Guyonnet, D. and Goupil Feuillerat, N. and Schlumberger, A. and Jakob, S. and Whorwell, P. J.},
   title = {Clinical trial: the effects of a fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 on abdominal distension and gastrointestinal transit in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation},
   journal = {Aliment Pharmacol Ther},
   volume = {29},
   number = {1},
   pages = {104-14},
   note = {1365-2036
Agrawal, A
Houghton, L A
Morris, J
Reilly, B
Guyonnet, D
Goupil Feuillerat, N
Schlumberger, A
Jakob, S
Whorwell, P J
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jan;29(1):104-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03853.x. Epub 2008 Sep 17.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: A sensation of abdominal swelling (bloating) and actual increase in girth (distension) are troublesome features of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is more common in patients with constipation, especially those with delayed transit. AIM: To establish whether a fermented dairy product containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 reduces distension in association with acceleration of gastrointestinal transit and improvement of symptoms in IBS with constipation. METHODS: A single centre, randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel group study in which patients consumed the test product or control product for 4 weeks. Distension, orocaecal and colonic transit and IBS symptoms were assessed on an intention-to-treat population of 34 patients. RESULTS: Compared with control product, the test product resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage change in maximal distension [median difference - 39%, 95% CI (-78, -5); P = 0.02] and a trend towards reduced mean distension during the day [-1.52 cm (-3.33, 0.39); P = 0.096]. An acceleration of orocaecal [-1.2 h (-2.3,0); P = 0.049] as well as colonic [-12.2 h (-22.8, -1.6); P = 0.026] transit was observed and overall symptom severity [-0.5 (-1.0, -0.05); P = 0.032] also improved. CONCLUSIONS: This probiotic resulted in improvements in objectively measured abdominal girth and gastrointestinal transit, as well as reduced symptomatology. These data support the concept that accelerating transit is a useful strategy for treating distension.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Analysis of Variance
*Bifidobacterium
Constipation/complications/*diet therapy/physiopathology
*Cultured Milk Products
Dilatation, Pathologic/complications/*diet therapy
Double-Blind Method
Female
Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications/*diet therapy
Middle Aged
Probiotics/*therapeutic use
Severity of Illness Index
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0269-2813},
   Accession Number = {18801055},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03853.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ammoury, R. F. and Pfefferkorn Mdel, R. and Croffie, J. M.},
   title = {Functional gastrointestinal disorders: past and present},
   journal = {World J Pediatr},
   volume = {5},
   number = {2},
   pages = {103-12},
   note = {Ammoury, Rana Fayez
Pfefferkorn, Marian Del Rosario
Croffie, Joseph Marino
Journal Article
Review
Switzerland
World J Pediatr. 2009 May;5(2):103-12. doi: 10.1007/s12519-009-0021-6. Epub 2009 Jul 9.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic abdominal pain is a common complaint in childhood and adolescence. Despite decades of clinical observations and research, it still poses a challenge to pediatric health care professionals. The aim of this review is to highlight the epidemiology of pediatric chronic abdominal pain and to describe the pathogenesis of this disorder, its clinical manifestations, evaluation and therapeutic options. DATA SOURCES: Articles on chronic abdominal pain in the recent years from PubMed, MEDLINE, and reference textbooks were reviewed. RESULTS: Chronic abdominal pain, a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), is a multifactorial condition that results from a complex interaction between psychosocial and physiologic factors via the brain-gut axis. A thorough history coupled with a complete physical examination and normal screening studies rule out an organic cause in 95% of the cases. It is highly important for the physician to establish a trusting relationship with the child and parents because successful treatment including modification of physical and psychological stress factors, dietary changes, and drug therapy depends greatly on education, reassurance and active psychological support. CONCLUSIONS: FGIDs are a cause of great anxiety, distress and morbidity in children as well as adults. As our understanding of these conditions improves, our therapeutic interventions will progress not only to overcome them but also to intervene early in the disease course so as to limit long-term impact.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/diagnosis/therapy
Behavior Therapy
Child
Chronic Disease
Diagnosis, Differential
Dyspepsia/diagnosis/therapy
Evidence-Based Medicine
Forecasting
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*diagnosis/diet
therapy/epidemiology/physiopathology/*therapy
Humans
Incidence
Indiana/epidemiology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy
Medical History Taking
Migraine Disorders/diagnosis/therapy
Physical Examination
Prevalence
Severity of Illness Index},
   ISSN = {1708-8569 (Print)},
   Accession Number = {19718531},
   DOI = {10.1007/s12519-009-0021-6},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Austin, G. L. and Dalton, C. B. and Hu, Y. and Morris, C. B. and Hankins, J. and Weinland, S. R. and Westman, E. C. and Yancy, W. S., Jr. and Drossman, D. A.},
   title = {A very low-carbohydrate diet improves symptoms and quality of life in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {7},
   number = {6},
   pages = {706-708.e1},
   note = {1542-7714
Austin, Gregory L
Dalton, Christine B
Hu, Yuming
Morris, Carolyn B
Hankins, Jane
Weinland, Stephan R
Westman, Eric C
Yancy, William S Jr
Drossman, Douglas A
T32 DK 07634/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
T32 DK007634-18/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R24 DK067674/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
T32 DK007634/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R24 DK067674-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Jun;7(6):706-708.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.02.023. Epub 2009 Mar 10.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) anecdotally report symptom improvement after initiating a very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD). This study prospectively evaluated a VLCD in IBS-D. METHODS: Participants with moderate to severe IBS-D were provided a 2-week standard diet, then 4 weeks of a VLCD (20 g carbohydrates/d). A responder was defined as having adequate relief of gastrointestinal symptoms for 2 or more weeks during the VLCD. Changes in abdominal pain, stool habits, and quality of life also were measured. RESULTS: Of the 17 participants enrolled, 13 completed the study and all met the responder definition, with 10 (77%) reporting adequate relief for all 4 VLCD weeks. Stool frequency decreased (2.6 +/- 0.8/d to 1.4 +/- 0.6/d; P < .001). Stool consistency improved from diarrheal to normal form (Bristol Stool Score, 5.3 +/- 0.7 to 3.8 +/- 1.2; P < .001). Pain scores and quality-of-life measures significantly improved. Outcomes were independent of weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: A VLCD provides adequate relief, and improves abdominal pain, stool habits, and quality of life in IBS-D.},
   keywords = {Adult
Diarrhea/*therapy
*Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Female
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*therapy
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
*Quality of Life
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {19281859},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2009.02.023},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Awad, R. A. and Camacho, S.},
   title = {A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of polyethylene glycol effects on fasting and postprandial rectal sensitivity and symptoms in hypersensitive constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Colorectal Dis},
   volume = {12},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1131-8},
   note = {1463-1318
Awad, R A
Camacho, S
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
England
Colorectal Dis. 2010 Nov;12(11):1131-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01990.x.},
   abstract = {AIM: To assess the effect of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG) on fasting and postprandial (PP) perception of rectal distension and symptoms in hypersensitive constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). METHODS: Forty-two patients meeting Rome II criteria for IBS-C and with a pain threshold of < 32 mmHg were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients received either oral PEG, 3.45 g t.i.d. orally for 30 days or placebo. Rectal sensitivity was assessed before and after treatment with a barostat using the ascending method of limits, during basal and PP periods. RESULTS: No changes in fasting and PP rectal tone and thresholds for first sensation, gas sensation, urge to defecate, and pain was observed with PEG in relation to placebo. In both groups, pressure at which patients crossed the thresholds for noxious (PEG: from 28 +/- 8.8 to 22 +/- 6.9 mmHg) and non noxious (PEG: from 16 +/- 4.9 to 12 +/- 3.6 mmHg) stimuli decreased compared with pretreatment values. PEG improved consistency of faeces and showed a trend to diminish blood in faeces. PEG and placebo increased bowel movements per week (P < 0.001), and relieved symptoms without significant side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Both PEG 3350 and placebo were clinically useful in patients with IBS-C, an effect that cannot be explained by changes in rectal tone and sensation. The results support the concept that visceral sensitivity is not stable and has a heterogeneous response to drugs, and suggest the existence of a post healing hypersensitivity state.},
   keywords = {Adult
Constipation/complications/*drug therapy
Defecation/drug effects
Double-Blind Method
Fasting/physiology
Feces
Female
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications/*physiopathology
Male
Middle Aged
Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Postprandial Period/physiology
Rectum/drug effects/*physiopathology
Sensation/drug effects
Sensory Thresholds
Statistics, Nonparametric
Surface-Active Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1462-8910},
   Accession Number = {19575740},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01990.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Babu, J. and Kumar, S. and Babu, P. and Prasad, J. H. and Ghoshal, U. C.},
   title = {Frequency of lactose malabsorption among healthy southern and northern Indian populations by genetic analysis and lactose hydrogen breath and tolerance tests},
   journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
   volume = {91},
   number = {1},
   pages = {140-6},
   note = {1938-3207
Babu, Janaki
Kumar, Sunil
Babu, P
Prasad, Jaishri H
Ghoshal, Uday C
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan;91(1):140-6. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27946. Epub 2009 Nov 4.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lactose malabsorption (LM), the inability to break down lactose into glucose and galactose, is due to a deficiency in the small intestinal lactase phlorizin hydrolase enzyme. Ethnic and geographic variations of LM are known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of LM in healthy southern and northern Indian populations. DESIGN: A total of 153 healthy volunteers (76 from southern and 77 from northern India) were evaluated for LM by using a lactose tolerance test (LTT), a lactose hydrogen breath test (lactose HBT), and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism to identify the lactase gene C/T-13910 polymorphism (confirmed by sequencing). RESULTS: Volunteers from southern and northern India were comparable in age and sex. The LTT result was abnormal in 88.2% of southern Indians and in 66.2% of northern Indians (P = 0.001). The lactose HBT result was abnormal in 78.9% of southern Indians and in 57.1% of northern Indians (P = 0.003). The CC genotype was present in 86.8% and 67.5% (P = 0.002), the CT genotype was present in 13.2% and 26.0% (P = 0.036), and the TT genotype was present in 0% and 6.5% (P = 0.03) of southern and northern Indians, respectively. The frequency of symptoms after the lactose load (47.4% compared with 15.6%; P < 0.001) and peak concentrations of breath hydrogen (88.5 +/- 71.9 compared with 55.4 +/- 61.9 ppm; P = 0.003), both of which might indicate the degree of lactase deficiency, were higher in southern than in northern Indians. CONCLUSION: The frequency and degree of LM is higher in southern than in northern Indian healthy populations because of genetic differences in these populations.},
   keywords = {Blood Glucose/metabolism
Breath Tests
DNA/blood/genetics
DNA Primers
Fasting
Genotype
Geography
Humans
Hydrogen/analysis
India/epidemiology
Intestine, Small/enzymology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis
Lactase/metabolism
Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase/deficiency/*genetics
Lactose/*metabolism
Lactose Intolerance/*epidemiology/*genetics
Lactose Tolerance Test/*methods
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Sensitivity and Specificity},
   ISSN = {0002-9165},
   Accession Number = {19889824},
   DOI = {10.3945/ajcn.2009.27946},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ball, A. J. and Hadjivassiliou, M. and Sanders, D. S.},
   title = {Is gluten sensitivity a "No Man's Land" or a "Fertile Crescent" for research?},
   journal = {Am J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {105},
   number = {1},
   pages = {222-3; author reply 223-4},
   note = {1572-0241
Ball, Alex J
Hadjivassiliou, Marios
Sanders, David S
Comment
Letter
United States
Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;105(1):222-3; author reply 223-4. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.565.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*etiology/physiopathology
Colonic Diseases, Functional/*complications/epidemiology/physiopathology
Glutens/*adverse effects
Humans
Incidence
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*etiology
Prognosis
Quality of Life
Risk Factors},
   ISSN = {0002-9270},
   Accession Number = {20054311},
   DOI = {10.1038/ajg.2009.565},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Benno, P. and Midtvedt, T. and Norin, E. and Zachrisson, K.},
   title = {[Prebiotics is food for the intestinal flora--for good and bad]},
   journal = {Lakartidningen},
   volume = {107},
   number = {13-14},
   pages = {904-6},
   note = {Benno, Peter
Midtvedt, Tore
Norin, Elisabeth
Zachrisson, Kristina
Journal Article
Review
Sweden
Lakartidningen. 2010 Mar 31-Apr 13;107(13-14):904-6.},
   keywords = {Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism
Colon/microbiology
*Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage/adverse effects
Fermentation
Humans
Intestinal Absorption
*Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diet therapy/etiology/microbiology
*Prebiotics/adverse effects},
   ISSN = {0023-7205 (Print)
0023-7205},
   Accession Number = {20432863},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bielefeldt, K.},
   title = {Approaching patients with irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {F1000 Med Rep},
   volume = {2},
   note = {1757-5931
Bielefeldt, Klaus
Journal Article
England
F1000 Med Rep. 2010 Jul 14;2. pii: 50. doi: 10.3410/M2-50.},
   abstract = {Treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders remains difficult with many very different approaches showing similar response rates, regardless of whether they target luminal contents (e.g., presumed bacterial overgrowth), signaling within the gut wall (e.g., serotonin agonists or antagonists) or processing in the brain (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy). Discrepancies between recent clinical trials and a meta-analysis have forced us to re-examine the use of antidepressants. Other studies have looked beyond the traditional drug therapies and have suggested other options such as dietary interventions and communication strategies that address relevant disease mechanisms and enable us to understand patient concerns, with the ultimate goal being to individualize and thus improve treatment outcomes.},
   ISSN = {1757-5931},
   Accession Number = {20948834},
   DOI = {10.3410/m2-50},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bijkerk, C. J. and de Wit, N. J. and Muris, J. W. and Whorwell, P. J. and Knottnerus, J. A. and Hoes, A. W.},
   title = {Soluble or insoluble fibre in irritable bowel syndrome in primary care? Randomised placebo controlled trial},
   journal = {Bmj},
   volume = {339},
   pages = {b3154},
   note = {1756-1833
Bijkerk, C J
de Wit, N J
Muris, J W M
Whorwell, P J
Knottnerus, J A
Hoes, A W
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
BMJ. 2009 Aug 27;339:b3154. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b3154.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of increasing the dietary content of soluble fibre (psyllium) or insoluble fibre (bran) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: General practice. PARTICIPANTS: 275 patients aged 18-65 years with irritable bowel syndrome. INTERVENTIONS: 12 weeks of treatment with 10 g psyllium (n=85), 10 g bran (n=97), or 10 g placebo (rice flour) (n=93). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was adequate symptom relief during at least two weeks in the previous month, analysed after one, two, and three months of treatment to assess both short term and sustained effectiveness. Secondary end points included irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score, severity of abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome quality of life scale. RESULTS: The proportion of responders was significantly greater in the psyllium group than in the placebo group during the first month (57% v 35%; relative risk 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.26) and the second month of treatment (59% v 41%; 1.44, 1.02 to 2.06). Bran was more effective than placebo during the third month of treatment only (57% v 32%; 1.70, 1.12 to 2.57), but this was not statistically significant in the worst case analysis (1.45, 0.97 to 2.16). After three months of treatment, symptom severity in the psyllium group was reduced by 90 points, compared with 49 points in the placebo group (P=0.03) and 58 points in the bran group (P=0.61 versus placebo). No differences were found with respect to quality of life. Fifty four (64%) of the patients allocated to psyllium, 54 (56%) in the bran group, and 56 (60%) in the placebo group completed the three month treatment period. Early dropout was most common in the bran group; the main reason was that the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Psyllium offers benefits in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials NCT00189033.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/etiology/prevention & control
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Dietary Fiber/*administration & dosage
Family Practice
Female
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diet therapy
Male
Middle Aged
*Plantago
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0959-535x},
   Accession Number = {19713235},
   DOI = {10.1136/bmj.b3154},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bischoff, S. C.},
   title = {Food allergy and eosinophilic gastroenteritis and colitis},
   journal = {Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol},
   volume = {10},
   number = {3},
   pages = {238-45},
   note = {1473-6322
Bischoff, Stephan C
Journal Article
Review
United States
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Jun;10(3):238-45. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833982c3.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) and eosinophilic colitis (ECO) are two forms of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by eosinophil accumulation in the mucosa or in deeper layers of the gastrointestinal wall and associated with atopic disease. The eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases broadened the spectrum of atopic gastrointestinal disorders formerly restricted to food allergy manifestating at the gastrointestinal mucosa. Their awareness increased enormously; therefore, we will review current knowledge about atopic gastrointestinal diseases for the allergologist. RECENT FINDINGS: Major attention will be drawn to the differential diagnosis, because symptoms of atopic gastrointestinal diseases frequently mimic those of other chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although the diseases are distinct in their histopathology, gene expression signature, response to therapy, and association with allergies. The pathogenesis of EGE and ECO will be described that involves environmental and genetic factors, particularly food antigens and expression level of interleukin (IL)-5 and selective chemokines. SUMMARY: Understanding symptoms and pathology of such disease is the basis of a rational treatment based on reduced exposure to offending food antigens as well as anti-inflammatory therapy. Atopic gastrointestinal diseases are in many cases reversible; however, chronic treatment is often necessary to prevent relapse.},
   keywords = {Allergens/adverse effects
Colitis/*diagnosis/genetics/physiopathology
Diagnosis, Differential
Dietary Proteins/adverse effects
Eosinophilia
Food Hypersensitivity/*diagnosis/genetics/physiopathology
Gastric Mucosa/pathology
Gastroenteritis/*diagnosis/genetics/physiopathology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans},
   ISSN = {1473-6322},
   Accession Number = {20431371},
   DOI = {10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833982c3},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Blesse, L. C.},
   title = {Irritable bowel syndrome: relieving the symptoms, and the frustration},
   journal = {Jaapa},
   volume = {23},
   number = {11},
   pages = {46-51},
   note = {Blesse, Laura C
Journal Article
United States
JAAPA. 2010 Nov;23(11):46-51.},
   keywords = {Antidiarrheals/*therapeutic use
Cognitive Therapy
Complementary Therapies
Dietary Fiber/*administration & dosage
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diet therapy/*drug therapy/physiopathology
Membrane Transport Modulators/therapeutic use
Parasympatholytics/*therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {1547-1896 (Print)
0893-7400},
   Accession Number = {21086890},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bolin, T.},
   title = {IBS or intolerance?},
   journal = {Aust Fam Physician},
   volume = {38},
   number = {12},
   pages = {962-5},
   note = {Bolin, Terry
Journal Article
Australia
Aust Fam Physician. 2009 Dec;38(12):962-5.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The contribution of specific foods to the genesis of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been increasingly recognised in recent years. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the dietary triggers for IBS and the role of diagnostic testing in patients with IBS. DISCUSSION: In addition to the long standing implication of lactose in lactase deficient patients, fermentable dietary oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols, together with very low carbohydrate diets, have been increasingly recognised as important in the causation and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Understanding their role and utilising the services of a practising dietician have become additional important tools for general practitioners managing this common complaint.},
   keywords = {Diet
Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism
Fructose/metabolism
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diagnosis/diet therapy/etiology
*Lactose Intolerance
Sorbitol/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0300-8495 (Print)
0300-8495},
   Accession Number = {20369147},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Cabre, E.},
   title = {Irritable bowel syndrome: can nutrient manipulation help?},
   journal = {Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care},
   volume = {13},
   number = {5},
   pages = {581-7},
   note = {1473-6519
Cabre, Eduard
Journal Article
Review
England
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 Sep;13(5):581-7. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833b6471.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the evidences for the usefulness of dietary manipulations (including the use of probiotics and prebiotics) in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). RECENT FINDINGS: Exclusion diets do not have a role in the management of these patients except in the case of malabsorbed sugars (lactose, fructose). However, recent work suggests that excluding these sugars is more effective in non-IBS than in IBS patients. Also, the first small open series on the use of very low (20 g/day) carbohydrate diet (VLCD) in IBS has been published with promising results. However, safety concerns do not allow us to recommend them. In the period of review, further evidence has been provided on the role of psyllium in IBS. Also, the available evidence on the use of probiotics in IBS has been meta-analyzed. SUMMARY: IBS patients should eat a balanced diet without restrictions, and (except for malabsorbed sugars) exclusion diets are not useful in most of them. The role of VLCD remains to be established. The concept that increasing fiber intake is useful for IBS may not be true for all patients, and hydrophilic colloids (e.g. psyllium) are preferred. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of probiotics in IBS.},
   keywords = {*Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diet therapy
Probiotics/*therapeutic use
Psyllium/*therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {1363-1950},
   Accession Number = {20531176},
   DOI = {10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833b6471},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Campbell, A. K. and Matthews, S. B. and Vassel, N. and Cox, C. D. and Naseem, R. and Chaichi, J. and Holland, I. B. and Green, J. and Wann, K. T.},
   title = {Bacterial metabolic 'toxins': a new mechanism for lactose and food intolerance, and irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Toxicology},
   volume = {278},
   number = {3},
   pages = {268-76},
   note = {1879-3185
Campbell, A K
Matthews, S B
Vassel, N
Cox, C D
Naseem, R
Chaichi, J
Holland, I B
Green, J
Wann, K T
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Ireland
Toxicology. 2010 Dec 30;278(3):268-76. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.001. Epub 2010 Sep 18.},
   abstract = {Lactose and food intolerance cause a wide range of gut and systemic symptoms, including gas, gut pain, diarrhoea or constipation, severe headaches, severe fatigue, loss of cognitive functions such as concentration, memory and reasoning, muscle and joint pain, heart palpitations, and a variety of allergies (Matthews and Campbell, 2000; Matthews et al., 2005; Waud et al., 2008). These can be explained by the production of toxic metabolites from gut bacteria, as a result of anaerobic digestion of carbohydrates and other foods, not absorbed in the small intestine. These metabolites include alcohols, diols such as butan 2,3 diol, ketones, acids, and aldehydes such as methylglyoxal (Campbell et al., 2005, 2009). These 'toxins' induce calcium signals in bacteria and affect their growth, thereby acting to modify the balance of microflora in the gut (Campbell et al., 2004, 2007a,b). These bacterial 'toxins' also affect signalling mechanisms in cells around the body, thereby explaining the wide range of symptoms in people with food intolerance. This new mechanism also explains the most common referral to gastroenterologists, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and the illness that afflicted Charles Darwin for 50 years (Campbell and Matthews, 2005a,b). We propose it will lead to a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes and some cancers.},
   keywords = {Bacteria/drug effects/*metabolism
Bacterial Toxins/toxicity
Calcium Signaling/drug effects
Cell Proliferation/drug effects
Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism/*toxicity
*Food
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*microbiology
Gene Expression/drug effects
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*microbiology
Lactose Intolerance/*microbiology
Pyruvaldehyde/toxicity},
   ISSN = {0300-483x},
   Accession Number = {20851732},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.001},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Carroccio, A. and Brusca, I. and Mansueto, P. and Pirrone, G. and Barrale, M. and Di Prima, L. and Ambrosiano, G. and Iacono, G. and Lospalluti, M. L. and La Chiusa, S. M. and Di Fede, G.},
   title = {A cytologic assay for diagnosis of food hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {8},
   number = {3},
   pages = {254-60},
   note = {1542-7714
Carroccio, Antonio
Brusca, Ignazio
Mansueto, Pasquale
Pirrone, Giuseppe
Barrale, Maria
Di Prima, Lidia
Ambrosiano, Giuseppe
Iacono, Giuseppe
Lospalluti, Maria Letizia
La Chiusa, Stella M
Di Fede, Gaetana
Journal Article
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Mar;8(3):254-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.11.010. Epub 2009 Nov 22.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: A percentage of patients with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suffer from food hypersensitivity (FH) and improve on a food-elimination diet. No assays have satisfactory levels of sensitivity for identifying patients with FH. We evaluated the efficacy of an in vitro basophil activation assay in the diagnosis of FH in IBS-like patients. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 120 consecutive patients diagnosed with IBS according to Rome II criteria. We analyzed in vitro activation of basophils by food allergens (based on levels of CD63 expression), as well as total and food-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels in serum. Effects of elimination diets and double-blind food challenges were used as standards for FH diagnosis. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the patients (20%) had FH (cow's milk and/or wheat hypersensitivity); their symptom scores improved significantly when they were placed on an elimination diet. Patients with FH differed from other IBS patients in that they had a longer duration of clinical history, a history of FH as children, and an increased frequency of self-reported FH; they also had hypersensitivities to other antigens (eg, egg or soy). The basophil activation assay diagnosed FH with 86% sensitivity, 88% specificity, and 87% accuracy; this level of sensitivity was significantly higher than that of serum total IgE or food-specific IgE assays. CONCLUSIONS: A cytometric assay that quantifies basophils after stimulation with food antigens based on cell-surface expression of CD63 had high levels of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing FH. This assay might be used to diagnose FH in patients with IBS-like symptoms.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Allergens/immunology
Animals
Antigens, CD/analysis
Antigens, CD63
Basophils/*immunology
Cells, Cultured
Cytological Techniques/*methods
Female
Food Hypersensitivity/*diagnosis
Humans
Immunoglobulin E/blood
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*complications
Male
Middle Aged
Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
Sensitivity and Specificity
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {19932763},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2009.11.010},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Casiday, R. E. and Hungin, A. P. and Cornford, C. S. and de Wit, N. J. and Blell, M. T.},
   title = {Patients' explanatory models for irritable bowel syndrome: symptoms and treatment more important than explaining aetiology},
   journal = {Fam Pract},
   volume = {26},
   number = {1},
   pages = {40-7},
   note = {1460-2229
Casiday, Rachel E
Hungin, A P S
Cornford, Charles S
de Wit, Niek J
Blell, Mwenza T
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Fam Pract. 2009 Feb;26(1):40-7. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmn087. Epub 2008 Nov 14.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition associated with no certain organic cause, though diet and stress are widely implicated. The condition is frustrating for both sufferers and doctors, and there are problems in diagnosing and treating the condition. Eliciting explanatory models (EMs) is a useful tool for understanding how individuals relate to their illnesses and their expectations for treatment, particularly for illnesses with uncertain aetiology like IBS. OBJECTIVES: To understand the EMs, experiences and expectations for management of patients with IBS. METHODS: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 51 primary care patients (31 in the UK, 20 in The Netherlands) meeting the Rome II diagnostic criteria for IBS. RESULTS: Although IBS often had a significant dampening effect on daily life, IBS patients made great efforts not to allow the condition to take over their lives. Triggers of symptoms were more important to patients than understanding the underlying aetiology of IBS. Diet and stress were both recognized as important triggers, but views about which foods were problematic and the extent to which stress was modifiable were inconsistent. Diagnosis and treatment were often a confusing and frustrating process, and patients often expected more diagnostic tests than they were offered before receiving a diagnosis of IBS. However, the often poor outcome of medical interventions does not, in general, appear to have a negative impact on the patient-doctor relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the extensive impact of IBS on sufferers' daily life and the frustration that results from repeatedly trying treatments with little effect. Clearly explaining the guidelines for diagnosing IBS and the range of treatment options may help patients to make sense of the diagnostic and treatment processes. The personal EM should be addressed during the consultation with the IBS patient, ensuring that any successive medical interventions match with the patients' disease perception.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Female
Humans
Interviews as Topic
*Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology/therapy
Male
Middle Aged
Models, Theoretical
Netherlands
Patients/*psychology
Primary Health Care
United Kingdom
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0263-2136},
   Accession Number = {19011174},
   DOI = {10.1093/fampra/cmn087},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Chang, C. C. and Lin, Y. T. and Lu, Y. T. and Liu, Y. S. and Liu, J. F.},
   title = {Kiwifruit improves bowel function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation},
   journal = {Asia Pac J Clin Nutr},
   volume = {19},
   number = {4},
   pages = {451-7},
   note = {Chang, Chun-Chao
Lin, Yi-Ting
Lu, Ya-Ting
Liu, Yu-Shian
Liu, Jen-Fang
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Australia
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(4):451-7.},
   abstract = {Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder of the gastrointestinal system, and is characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea (IBS/D), constipation (IBS/C), and alternating diarrhea and constipation (IBSC/A). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a four week kiwifruit intervention on bowel function in patients diagnosed with IBS/C. Fifty-four patients with IBS/C and 16 healthy adults participated in this study. All subjects participated in the 6 week, three phase study, which included a baseline phase (1 week), a dietary intervention period (4 weeks), and a post-intervention phase (1 week). Forty-one IBS/C patients and all healthy adults consumed two Hayward green (Actinida deliciosa var) kiwifruits per day for 4 weeks. Thirteen IBS/C patients in the control group took two placebo capsules per day for 4 weeks. Colon transit time was measured immediately prior to and following the intervention period. All subjects completed daily defecation records. After the 4-week intervention, weekly defecation frequency significantly increased in the IBS/C group of participants who consumed kiwifruit (p<0.05). Colon transit time significantly decreased (p=0.026) in the IBS/C group that consumed kiwi fruit. These findings suggest that kiwifruit consumption for 4 weeks shortens colon transit time, increases defecation frequency, and improves bowel function in adults diagnosed with IBS/C.},
   keywords = {*Actinidia
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Constipation/*diet therapy
Defecation/drug effects
Female
*Fruit
Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects
Humans
Intestines/drug effects
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diet therapy
Male
Phytotherapy/*methods
Time Factors},
   ISSN = {0964-7058 (Print)
0964-7058},
   Accession Number = {21147704},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Chang, J. Y. and Talley, N. J.},
   title = {Current and emerging therapies in irritable bowel syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment},
   journal = {Trends Pharmacol Sci},
   volume = {31},
   number = {7},
   pages = {326-34},
   note = {1873-3735
Chang, Joseph Y
Talley, Nicholas J
Journal Article
Review
England
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jul;31(7):326-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.04.008. Epub 2010 Jun 1.},
   abstract = {Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with characteristic symptoms of abdominal pain/discomfort with a concurrent disturbance in defecation. It accounts for a significant healthcare burden, and symptoms may be debilitating for some patients. Traditional symptom-based therapies have been found to be ineffective in the treatment of the entire syndrome complex, and do not modify the natural history of the disorder. Although the exact etiopathogenesis of IBS is incompletely understood, recent advances in the elucidation of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of IBS have resulted in the development of novel therapies, as well as potential future therapeutic targets. This article reviews current and emerging therapies in IBS based upon: IBS as a serotonergic disorder; stimulating intestinal chloride channels; modulation of visceral hypersensitivity; altering low-grade intestinal inflammation; and modulation of the gut microbiota.},
   keywords = {Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
Behavior Therapy
Chloride Channels/metabolism
Complementary Therapies
Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use
Humans
Inflammation
Intestines/microbiology/physiopathology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*drug therapy/microbiology/physiopathology/*therapy
Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use
Serotonin/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0165-6147},
   Accession Number = {20554042},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.tips.2010.04.008},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Chang, L. and Lacy, B. E. and Spiegel, B. M.},
   title = {An Evidence-based Approach to Therapy in IBS-D: A Case Study Compendium},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)},
   volume = {6},
   number = {9 Suppl 15},
   pages = {1-12},
   note = {Chang, Lin
Lacy, Brian E
Spiegel, Brennan M R
Journal Article
United States
Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2010 Sep;6(9 Suppl 15):1-12.},
   abstract = {A burden on both patients and the healthcare system, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent condition that can result in high medical costs, frequent visits to the doctor, missed work, and anxiety and depression in the patient. This chronic disorder causes abdominal pain or discomfort and is characterized by abnormal defecation that presents mainly as either constipation or diarrhea symptoms. IBS associated with diarrhea (IBS-D) accounts for approximately one third of all IBS patients. IBS-D treatment can be confusing and frustrating for both the patient and the physician, complicated by the fact that a specific therapeutic algorithm has not been developed. Treatment options are widely varied, consisting of both nonpharmacologic (dietary changes) and pharmacologic (loperamide and alosetron) interventions. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests a possible role for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in the pathogenesis of IBS-D; thus, both antibiotics (such as rifaximin) and probiotics are frequently used to treat patients. Although all of these interventions elicit some measure of symptom response in a proportion of treated patients, there is no standard of care for the treatment of IBS-D. Thus, physicians would benefit from knowledge of all of the strategies used to treat IBS-D, in order to treat patients appropriately.},
   ISSN = {1554-7914 (Print)
1554-7914},
   Accession Number = {22570639},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Chiou, E. and Nurko, S.},
   title = {Management of functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents},
   journal = {Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {4},
   number = {3},
   pages = {293-304},
   note = {1747-4132
Chiou, Eric
Nurko, Samuel
T32DK007477-25/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
K24 DK082792/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
K24 DK082792A/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
T32 DK007477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
K24 DK082792-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
England
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jun;4(3):293-304. doi: 10.1586/egh.10.28.},
   abstract = {Functional abdominal pain (FAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are among the most commonly diagnosed medical problems in pediatrics. Symptom-based Rome III criteria for FAP and IBS have been validated and help the clinician in making a positive diagnosis. The majority of patients with mild complaints improve with reassurance and time. For a distinct subset of patients with more severe and disabling illness, finding effective treatment for these disorders remains a challenge. Over the years, a wide range of therapies have been proposed and studied. The lack of a single, proven intervention highlights the complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors probably involved in the development of childhood FAP and IBS, and the need for a multidisciplinary, integrated approach. This article reviews the current literature on the efficacy of pharmacologic, dietary and psychosocial interventions for FAP and IBS in children and adolescents.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/diagnosis/diet therapy/*drug therapy/psychology
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Complementary Therapies
Female
Gastrointestinal Agents/*therapeutic use
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/diet therapy/*drug therapy/psychology
Male
Parasympatholytics/*therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic},
   ISSN = {1747-4124},
   Accession Number = {20528117},
   DOI = {10.1586/egh.10.28},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Chogle, A. and Saps, M.},
   title = {Environmental factors of abdominal pain},
   journal = {Pediatr Ann},
   volume = {38},
   number = {7},
   pages = {398-401, 404},
   note = {Chogle, Ashish
Saps, Miguel
Journal Article
Review
United States
Pediatr Ann. 2009 Jul;38(7):398-401, 404.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/*epidemiology/microbiology/*psychology
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Causality
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet
Dyspepsia/epidemiology/microbiology/psychology
Family Characteristics
Humans
Intestines/drug effects/microbiology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology/microbiology/psychology
Migraine Disorders/epidemiology/microbiology/psychology
Models, Biological
Models, Psychological
Recurrence
Schools
Seasons
Socioeconomic Factors
Stress, Psychological},
   ISSN = {0090-4481 (Print)
0090-4481},
   Accession Number = {19685660},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Christmas, D. M. and Badawy, A. A. and Hince, D. and Davies, S. J. and Probert, C. and Creed, T. and Smithson, J. and Afzal, M. and Nutt, D. J. and Potokar, J. P.},
   title = {Increased serum free tryptophan in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Nutr Res},
   volume = {30},
   number = {10},
   pages = {678-88},
   note = {1879-0739
Christmas, David M
Badawy, Abdulla A-B
Hince, Dana
Davies, Simon J C
Probert, Christopher
Creed, Tom
Smithson, John
Afzal, Muhammad
Nutt, David J
Potokar, John P
069301/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Controlled Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Nutr Res. 2010 Oct;30(10):678-88. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.09.009.},
   abstract = {Irregularities of serotonin function in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be due to changes in the metabolism of the serotonin precursor l-tryptophan. Dietary alteration of tryptophan intake may impact upon the mood and bowel symptoms of IBS. We hypothesized that diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (d-IBS) patients would exhibit an increase in plasma tryptophan due to alterations in tryptophan metabolism. We also hypothesized that a diet low in tryptophan would reverse this change and reduce symptoms. Thirteen patients with d-IBS had fasting serum free and total tryptophan, large neutral amino acids, and 6 kynurenine metabolites measured before and after 2 weeks of a strict dairy-free diet. Baseline tryptophan parameters were compared with an age- and sex-matched control group. Changes in the specific tryptophan parameters before and after dairy-free diet were correlated with symptoms of IBS and mood. Compared with the control group, d-IBS patients at baseline exhibited significantly higher free serum tryptophan (10.5 +/- 4.35 vs 4.75 +/- 2.43 mumol/L [means +/- standard deviation], P = .006) and significantly lower tryptophan dioxygenase and total tryptophan oxidation as measured by the kynurenine to free tryptophan and total kynurenines to free tryptophan ratios (23.37 +/- 10.12 vs 55.33 +/- 16.02, P < .001 and 49.34 +/- 17.84 vs 258.46 +/- 98.67, P < .001, respectively). Dairy-free diet did not modulate metabolites of the kynurenine pathway or symptoms. Tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is inhibited in d-IBS, and a dairy-free diet does not alter this. Our findings are consistent with possible enhanced serotonin activity in d-IBS.},
   keywords = {Adult
Affect
Amino Acids, Neutral/blood
Case-Control Studies
Dairy Products
Diarrhea/*blood
*Diet
Female
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*blood/psychology
Kynurenine/blood
Male
Middle Aged
Oxidation-Reduction
Serotonin/*metabolism
Tryptophan/administration & dosage/*blood
Tryptophan Oxygenase/*blood},
   ISSN = {0271-5317},
   Accession Number = {21056283},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.nutres.2010.09.009},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Collins, S. M. and Denou, E. and Verdu, E. F. and Bercik, P.},
   title = {The putative role of the intestinal microbiota in the irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Dig Liver Dis},
   volume = {41},
   number = {12},
   pages = {850-3},
   note = {1878-3562
Collins, S M
Denou, E
Verdu, E F
Bercik, P
Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Netherlands
Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Dec;41(12):850-3. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2009.07.023. Epub 2009 Sep 8.},
   abstract = {The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic abdominal symptom complex that is heterogeneous in terms of its clinical presentation and underlying pathophysiology and pathogenesis. It is now established that enteric infection can trigger the syndrome in at least a subset of patients. In addition, there is growing evidence of low grade inflammation and immune activation in the distal bowel of some IBS patients. These observations now prompt the question as to what maintains gut dysfunction in these patients. The intestinal microbiota influences a broad array of host organs that include the gut and the brain, and is an important determinant of normal function in these systems. Disruption of the delicate balance between the host and its intestinal microbiota (termed dysbiosis) results in changes in the mucosal immune system that range from overt inflammation as seen in Crohn's Disease, to low grade inflammation without tissue injury, as seen in a subset of IBS patients. Under experimental conditions, disruption of the microbiota also produces changes in gut sensory-motor function and immune activity. Thus, dysbiosis induced by infection, dietary change or drugs such as antibiotics could produce low grade inflammation and chronic gut dysfunction, reminiscent of that seen in IBS. Fluctuations in gut physiology destabilize the habitat of commensal bacteria and provide a basis for chronic dysbiosis. Recent observations in animal models that changes in gut flora influence behavior provide a basis for a novel unifying hypothesis that accommodates both gut dysfunction and behavioral changes that characterize many IBS patients. This hypothesis states that dysbiosis exists in at least a subset of IBS patients, as a result of infection, dietary change or drugs and contributes to gut inflammatory and functional change in addition to psychiatric co-morbidity.},
   keywords = {Animals
Disease Models, Animal
Enteric Nervous System/physiopathology
Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology/*microbiology/physiopathology
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal
Inflammation/immunology/microbiology/physiopathology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology/physiopathology
Risk Factors},
   ISSN = {1590-8658},
   Accession Number = {19740713},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.dld.2009.07.023},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Coman, A. E. and Popa, E. and Grigore, C. and Maidaniuc, M. and Petrovanu, R.},
   title = {[Causes of functional digestive disorders and therapeutic approach in primary care medicine]},
   journal = {Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi},
   volume = {114},
   number = {1},
   pages = {75-9},
   note = {Coman, Adorata Elena
Popa, Elena
Grigore, Cecilia
Maidaniuc, Maria
Petrovanu, Rodica
English Abstract
Journal Article
Romania
Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2010 Jan-Mar;114(1):75-9.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: Functional diseases of digestive tract are an ubiquitary problem of diagnosis and treatment for ambulatory care services. Its evolution is chronicle but there are no organic lesions for the beginning. Nevertheless, it impairs quality of life and creates many days of incapacity of work. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We studied 1118 cases with digestive malfunctions, selected from the patients consulted on Ambulatory Care Unit--Internal Medicine, 2007-2008. RESULTS: Basal clinical and laboratory explorations classified the type of digestive malfunctions according to international criteria. So we found these types of anomalies: gastro-oesofagial reflux--788 cases; peptic-like syndrome--752 cases; pyloric functional spasm--385 cases; helicobacter pyloridi positive--632 cases; gallblader dysfunction--767 cases; irritable bowel syndrome--872 cases. The treatment was applied pursued the pathological status. Most of cases had un diagnosticated diseases as peptic ulcer, gastritis, gallbladder diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Our conclusions are that the whole tract has continuity and the site of dysfunction is difficult to diagnose from the beginning. Pro-kinetic drugs and inhibitory of gastric secretion have very good results. The same time we must treat the "background"--extra digestive factors (i.e., Helicobacter pylori infection).},
   keywords = {Drug Therapy, Combination
Gallbladder Diseases/diagnosis/therapy
Gastritis/diagnosis/therapy
Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis/therapy
Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*diagnosis/diet therapy/drug
therapy/physiopathology/*therapy
Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis/therapy
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy
Peptic Ulcer/diagnosis/therapy
*Primary Health Care
Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0048-7848 (Print)
0048-7848},
   Accession Number = {20509279},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Conti, A. A. and Dilaghi, B. and Modesti, P. A. and Nozzoli, C.},
   title = {New evidence in general practice, internal medicine and cardiovascular medicine},
   journal = {Intern Emerg Med},
   volume = {4},
   number = {2},
   pages = {157-9},
   note = {1970-9366
Conti, Andrea Alberto
Dilaghi, Beatrice
Modesti, Pietro Amedeo
Nozzoli, Carlo
Journal Article
Italy
Intern Emerg Med. 2009 Apr;4(2):157-9. doi: 10.1007/s11739-009-0226-7.},
   keywords = {*Cardiovascular Diseases
Diet, Mediterranean
Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use
*Evidence-Based Medicine
*Family Practice
Health Services Accessibility
Humans
*Internal Medicine
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy
Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use
Plant Oils/therapeutic use
Public Health
Stroke/therapy},
   ISSN = {1828-0447},
   Accession Number = {19198983},
   DOI = {10.1007/s11739-009-0226-7},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Corlew-Roath, M. and Di Palma, J. A.},
   title = {Clinical impact of identifying lactose maldigestion or fructose malabsorption in irritable bowel syndrome or other conditions},
   journal = {South Med J},
   volume = {102},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1010-2},
   note = {1541-8243
Corlew-Roath, Meredith
Di Palma, Jack A
Journal Article
United States
South Med J. 2009 Oct;102(10):1010-2. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b64c7f.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The role of carbohydrate maldigestion or malabsorption remains unclear in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of identifying lactose maldigestion (LM) and fructose malabsorption (FM) on patients with and without IBS. METHODS: Patients who received lactose and fructose challenge testing formed the study group. Carbohydrate challenge testing was performed with 50 g lactose and 25 g fructose. Breath samples were collected and analyzed for hydrogen, methane, and CO2 (for correction) using a MicroLyzer Model SC (QuinTron Instrument Company, Milwaukee, WI). Questionnaires were used to assess Rome III IBS criteria, compliance with carbohydrate dietary modifications, and changes in symptoms. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one of the 181 (67%) study subjects were able to be contacted 8 months to 4 years after carbohydrate testing. LM (21) and FM (2) were seen in 33% of the 66 IBS subjects. LM (12) and FM (9) were seen in 33% of the 55 subjects without IBS. Seventy-seven percent of IBS and 72% of those without IBS reported compliance with dietary advice. Of the subjects who reported compliance, 47% of IBS and 77% of those without IBS reported that, after identifying LM or FM, their symptoms resolved or improved. CONCLUSIONS: Carbohydrate maldigestion has a similar incidence in patients with and without IBS and both populations have similar compliance with therapeutic diets. However, patients without IBS are more likely to have improvement in symptoms when dietary changes are instituted when compared to IBS patients.},
   keywords = {Breath Tests
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Fructose/*pharmacokinetics
Humans
Intestinal Absorption/*physiology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diet therapy/*physiopathology
Lactose
Lactose Intolerance/*physiopathology
Male
Patient Compliance
Sweetening Agents
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0038-4348},
   Accession Number = {19738525},
   DOI = {10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b64c7f},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Doerfler, B. and Keefer, L.},
   title = {Considering the necessity of a very low carbohydrate diet on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {8},
   number = {1},
   pages = {98},
   note = {1542-7714
Doerfler, Bethany
Keefer, Laurie
Comment
Letter
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan;8(1):98. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.004. Epub 2009 Sep 16.},
   keywords = {Diarrhea/*therapy
*Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*therapy},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {19765673},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.004},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Drossman, D. A. and Morris, C. B. and Schneck, S. and Hu, Y. J. and Norton, N. J. and Norton, W. F. and Weinland, S. R. and Dalton, C. and Leserman, J. and Bangdiwala, S. I.},
   title = {International survey of patients with IBS: symptom features and their severity, health status, treatments, and risk taking to achieve clinical benefit},
   journal = {J Clin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {43},
   number = {6},
   pages = {541-50},
   note = {1539-2031
Drossman, Douglas A
Morris, Carolyn Blank
Schneck, Susan
Hu, Yuming J B
Norton, Nancy J
Norton, William F
Weinland, Stephan R
Dalton, Christine
Leserman, Jane
Bangdiwala, Shrikant I
R01 DK049334/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK049334-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R24 DK067674/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul;43(6):541-50. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318189a7f9.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although clinicians generally make treatment decisions in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) related to the type of symptoms, other factors such as the perceived severity and the risks patients are willing to tolerate for effective treatment are also important to consider. These factors are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To describe among patients with IBS their symptoms and severity, quality of life and health status, medications taken, and the risk that they would take to continue medications for optimal relief. METHODS: Adult patients diagnosed with IBS who accessed the websites of the International Foundation for Functional GI Disorders or the University of North Carolina Center for Functional GI Disorders filled out questionnaires to address the study aims. RESULTS: The 1966 respondents (83% female, 91% white, 78% US/Canada) reported impaired health status: restricting on average 73 days of activity in a year, having poor health-related quality of life particularly with dietary restrictions, mood disturbance, and interference with daily activity, and 35% reported their symptoms as severe defined primarily as pain, bowel difficulties, bloating, and eating/dietary restrictions). These symptoms were reported in some combination by over 90%, and 35.1% endorsed all 4 items. To receive a treatment that would make them symptom free, patients would give up 25% of their remaining life (average 15 y) and 14% would risk a 1/1000 chance of death. Most of the medications being taken were for pain relief and 18% were taking narcotics. Complementary and alternative treatments were used by 37%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients accessing IBS informational websites report moderate-to-severe impairments in health status, and would take considerable risk to obtain symptom benefit. There is an unmet need to find effective treatments for patients with IBS and regulatory agencies might consider raising risk-benefit ratios when approving new medications for IBS.},
   keywords = {Adult
Female
Health Services/utilization
*Health Status
*Health Surveys
Humans
Internationality
Internet
*Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology/therapy
Male
Middle Aged
Patient Satisfaction
Psychology
Quality of Life
*Risk-Taking
Severity of Illness Index
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0192-0790},
   Accession Number = {19384249},
   DOI = {10.1097/MCG.0b013e318189a7f9},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ducrotte, P.},
   title = {[Irritable bowel syndrome: dietary and pharmacological therapeutic options]},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {33 Suppl 1},
   pages = {S68-78},
   note = {Ducrotte, P
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009 Feb;33 Suppl 1:S68-78. doi: 10.1016/S0399-8320(09)71527-1.},
   abstract = {In irritable bowel syndrome, the main objectives of the treatment are the relief of abdominal pain then the improvement of bowel disturbances. Spasmolytic agents, or clays remain routinely the first line pharmacological options. The efficacy of dietary recommendations is not validated in most of the cases while dietary fibers, mainly insoluble fibers, may even worsen abdominal discomfort. In C-IBS, osmotic laxatives or macrogol are effective to improve colonic transit while loperamide and also colestyramine can be prescribed to reduce the number of stools of D-IBS patients. When the first line treatment fails to improve symptoms, antidepressants (tricyclic rather than SSRs) can be prescribed at lower doses than that recommended for depression. In meta-analysis, the odds ratio for pain relief varies from 2 to 4 and strongly depends on the patient's compliance to the treatment. Probiotics, pregabalin and even antibiotics (i.e neomycin, metronidazole or rifaximin), are possible new therapeutic options. Few clinical trials suggest that ramosetron (a new 5HT3 antagonist), octreotide, melatonin, or lidocain could be also discussed in the future. A non pharmacological therapeutic approach has to be considered, particularly in patients with severe symptoms, in combination with pharmacological treatment.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/therapy
Analgesics/therapeutic use
Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
Central Nervous System Depressants/therapeutic use
Diet
Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*therapy
Lidocaine/therapeutic use
Melatonin/therapeutic use
Octreotide/therapeutic use
Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use
Pregabalin
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {19303541},
   DOI = {10.1016/s0399-8320(09)71527-1},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ducrotte, P.},
   title = {[Microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome]},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {34 Suppl 1},
   pages = {S52-6},
   note = {Ducrotte, P
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2010 Sep;34 Suppl 1:S52-6. doi: 10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70021-X.},
   abstract = {Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial disease during which the pathophysiological role of the gut microbiota has been recently highlighted. In almost 20% of the patients, IBS is clearly a post-infectious IBS as a consequence of an acute bacterial gastroenteritis. Some papers have reported an abnormal colonic fermentation in IBS patients that could explain symptoms such as bloating and be one of the factors triggering visceral hypersensitivity. More recently, significant differences in the composition of both the luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota have been reported between both IBS patients and healthy controls and IBS subgroups while some arguments exist for a small intestinal overgrowth in a subset of IBS patients. All these arguments for a deleterious role of the gut microbiota lead to the actual discuss to consider new therapeutic options, including mainly pre- and probiotics and maybe antibiotics.},
   keywords = {Colon/*microbiology/physiopathology
Evidence-Based Medicine
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
Intestine, Small/*microbiology/physiopathology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diet therapy/*microbiology/physiopathology
*Metagenome
Risk Factors},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {20889005},
   DOI = {10.1016/s0399-8320(10)70021-x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Egloff, N. and Beer, C. and Gschossmann, J. M. and Sendensky, A. and von Kanel, R.},
   title = {[Multimodal therapy of functional gastrointestinal disorders]},
   journal = {Praxis (Bern 1994)},
   volume = {99},
   number = {8},
   pages = {487-93},
   note = {Egloff, N
Beer, C
Gschossmann, J M
Sendensky, A
von Kanel, R
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Review
Switzerland
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2010 Apr 14;99(8):487-93. doi: 10.1024/1661-8157/a000095.},
   abstract = {A multimodal approach is state-of-the art for effective treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD) like irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Based on the now established view that the pathogenesis of FGD is multicausal, evidence-based therapeutic options comprise education about the nature of the disorder, dietary modifications, relaxation techniques, behavioral changes, and pharmacological treatments. These therapies are variously combined depending on the severity of the FGD and the individual needs of the patient. Our overview portrays the options for the therapy of FGD and proposes that these are best provided by an interdisciplinary team of primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, and psychosomatic medicine specialists.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/etiology
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
Biofeedback, Psychology
Clinical Trials as Topic
Combined Modality Therapy
Dyspepsia/complications/drug therapy/psychology/*therapy
Feeding Behavior
Forecasting
Humans
Indoles/therapeutic use
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications/drug therapy/*therapy
Meta-Analysis as Topic
Patient Compliance
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Psychotherapy
Quality of Life
Relaxation Therapy
Serotonin Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use
Stress, Psychological
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {1661-8157 (Print)
1661-8157},
   Accession Number = {20391354},
   DOI = {10.1024/1661-8157/a000095},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Enck, P. and Junne, F. and Klosterhalfen, S. and Zipfel, S. and Martens, U.},
   title = {Therapy options in irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {22},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1402-11},
   note = {1473-5687
Enck, Paul
Junne, Florian
Klosterhalfen, Sibylle
Zipfel, Stephan
Martens, Ute
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
England
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Dec;22(12):1402-11. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283405a17.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Numerous meta-analyses have recently assessed the overall clinical benefit of single therapy options and groups of therapies in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). By large, this should enable physicians to select from a number of therapy options available. METHODS: We entered dichotomous outcome data from 121 IBS trials published over the last 35 years with different groups and subgroups of drugs (antispasmodics, motility-affecting agents, antidepressants, peppermint oil), dietary interventions (bran, probiotics), and psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, hypnotherapy, relaxation techniques) into meta-analytic tools and estimate the overall efficacy (odds ratio, number needed to treat). RESULTS: Highest efficacy is currently found for peppermint oil, followed by psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions and probiotics. Traditional antispasmodic therapy has a moderate efficacy, whereas the list of (partially failed or cancelled) motility affecting drugs yielded weak clinical results, and therapies by bran and fibers are of no value in IBS. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based therapy in IBS provides a number of effective treatment options beyond the fact that many novel compounds under development have failed to reach the market. An algorithm for clinical therapy decision is proposed.},
   keywords = {Algorithms
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use
Evidence-Based Medicine
Gastrointestinal Agents/*therapeutic use
Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology/psychology/*therapy
Odds Ratio
Patient Selection
Plant Oils/therapeutic use
*Probiotics
*Psychotherapy
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0954-691x},
   Accession Number = {21389791},
   DOI = {10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283405a17},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Faresjo, A. and Johansson, S. and Faresjo, T. and Roos, S. and Hallert, C.},
   title = {Sex differences in dietary coping with gastrointestinal symptoms},
   journal = {Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {22},
   number = {3},
   pages = {327-33},
   note = {1473-5687
Faresjo, Ashild
Johansson, Saga
Faresjo, Tomas
Roos, Susanne
Hallert, Claes
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Mar;22(3):327-33. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32832b9c53.},
   abstract = {AIM: Nutritional changes are often considered first-line treatment in public health diseases that apply to many gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, as different food and beverages may modulate GI motor and sensory functions, and may provoke GI symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine dietary coping and possible changes in food and beverage intake in relation to GI symptoms reported by identified irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients compared with healthy controls, and whether any sex differences were observed in these respects. METHODS: A population-based case-control design was used. Three primary healthcare centres were selected in the city of Linkoping in Sweden. The IBS patients were recruited from the studied primary healthcare centers on the basis of diagnoses from computerized medical records. The controls were randomly selected from the general population in the same region. A questionnaire was used with specific questions about self-reported food and beverage increase or decrease of GI symptoms and self-reported changes in dietary habits. RESULTS: Female IBS patients seem to be more willing to change dietary habits because of their GI problems than men. Effects of these nutritional behaviour changes were reported for almost all participants that had made dietary adjustments. Fatty food, certain vegetables, dairy products and eggs were significantly more reported to cause GI complaints among IBS patients compared with their controls. CONCLUSION: Female IBS patients reported more changes in their dietary habits because of GI problems than men with the disease. The majority of both women and men who changed their dietary habits because of GI problems experienced improvement in their symptoms.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/diet therapy/etiology
Adolescent
Adult
Beverages/*adverse effects
Case-Control Studies
Chi-Square Distribution
Constipation/diet therapy/etiology
Diarrhea/diet therapy/etiology
Diet/*adverse effects
*Feeding Behavior
Female
Flatulence/diet therapy/etiology
*Health Behavior
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications/*diet therapy/psychology
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Odds Ratio
Retrospective Studies
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
*Risk Reduction Behavior
Sex Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Sweden
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0954-691x},
   Accession Number = {19550348},
   DOI = {10.1097/MEG.0b013e32832b9c53},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Fernandez-Banares, F. and Esteve, M. and Viver, J. M.},
   title = {Fructose-sorbitol malabsorption},
   journal = {Curr Gastroenterol Rep},
   volume = {11},
   number = {5},
   pages = {368-74},
   note = {1534-312x
Fernandez-Banares, Fernando
Esteve, Maria
Viver, Josep M
Journal Article
Review
United States
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009 Oct;11(5):368-74.},
   abstract = {Important dietary carbohydrates such as fructose and sorbitol are incompletely absorbed in the normal small intestine. This malabsorption is sometimes associated with abdominal complaints and diarrhea development, symptoms indistinguishable from those of functional bowel disease. Recently, polymerized forms of fructose (fructans) also were implicated in symptom production in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Evidence from uncontrolled and controlled challenge studies suggests that malabsorbed sugars (fructose, sorbitol, lactose) and fructans may act as dietary triggers for clinical symptoms suggestive of IBS. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed to obtain definite conclusions about the role of dietary sugar malabsorption in functional bowel disease.},
   keywords = {Breath Tests
Evidence-Based Medicine
Fructose/*metabolism
Fructose Intolerance/metabolism
Humans
*Intestinal Absorption
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*metabolism/prevention & control
Malabsorption Syndromes/metabolism
Sorbitol/*metabolism
Sweetening Agents/*metabolism},
   ISSN = {1522-8037},
   Accession Number = {19765364},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Floch, M. H.},
   title = {Annatto, diet, and the irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {J Clin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {43},
   number = {10},
   pages = {905-6},
   note = {1539-2031
Floch, Martin H
Editorial
Comment
United States
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009 Nov-Dec;43(10):905-6. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181b84517.},
   keywords = {Bixaceae/*adverse effects
Carotenoids/*adverse effects
Female
Food Additives/adverse effects
Food Coloring Agents/*adverse effects
Food Hypersensitivity/etiology
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*etiology
Plant Extracts/*adverse effects
Urticaria/etiology},
   ISSN = {0192-0790},
   Accession Number = {19727005},
   DOI = {10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181b84517},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ford, A. C. and Moayyedi, P.},
   title = {Bran and irritable bowels. Bran's deleterious effects: much ado about nothing},
   journal = {Bmj},
   volume = {339},
   pages = {b3956},
   note = {1756-1833
Ford, Alexander C
Moayyedi, Paul
Comment
Letter
England
BMJ. 2009 Sep 29;339:b3956. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b3956.},
   keywords = {Dietary Fiber/*administration & dosage
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diet therapy
Meta-Analysis as Topic
*Plantago
Review Literature as Topic},
   ISSN = {0959-535x},
   Accession Number = {19808815},
   DOI = {10.1136/bmj.b3956},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Fraioli, A. and Menunni, G. and Petraccia, L. and Fontana, M. and Nocchi, S. and Grassi, M.},
   title = {Sulphate-bicarbonate mineral waters in the treatment of biliary and digestive tract diseases},
   journal = {Clin Ter},
   volume = {161},
   number = {2},
   pages = {163-8},
   note = {1972-6007
Fraioli, A
Menunni, G
Petraccia, L
Fontana, M
Nocchi, S
Grassi, M
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Italy
Clin Ter. 2010;161(2):163-8.},
   abstract = {The authors point out the therapeutic properties of sulphate-bicarbonate mineral waters. After summarizing the general mechanism of action of mineral waters, the main indications of such waters in thermal treatment are examined including: biliary sand, biliary dyskinesia, functional dyspepsia, irritable colon, chronic primitive constipation. The dysfunctions of biliary and digestive tracts are growing, mainly in the affluent world, because of the increase for stress, dietary habits, modern life style. Now they affect from 2,4% of general population to 7% of men and 20% of women, according to different studies. Mineral waters can improve symptoms and care some physiopathological underlying mechanisms. Authors stress the efficacy of sulphate-bicarbonate mineral waters in the therapy of biliary dyskinesias, namely gallbladder hypokinesia and Oddi's sphincter spasm, caused by their content in SO4 = anion and Mg++ cation and related effects on paracrine-endocrine gastrointestinal system. In addition, they report the effects of sulphate-bicarbonate mineral waters in the lithogenic bile (sand bile), because of their diluting and washing activity. Among the sulphate-bicarbonate mineral waters, the Authors outline the well-documented therapeutic activity of Acqua Santa and Fucoli of Chianciano Terme. Acqua Santa has stimulating effect on cholecystis's motility, as proved by controlled clinical trials. Finally, the therapeutic use of sulphate-bicarbonate mineral water is discussed in functional dyspepsia, chronic primitive constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.},
   keywords = {*Balneology
Bicarbonates/*therapeutic use
Biliary Tract Diseases/*therapy
Dyspepsia/therapy
Female
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*therapy
Humans
Male
Mineral Waters/*therapeutic use
Sulfates/*therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {0009-9074},
   Accession Number = {20499033},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Francavilla, R. and Miniello, V. and Magista, A. M. and De Canio, A. and Bucci, N. and Gagliardi, F. and Lionetti, E. and Castellaneta, S. and Polimeno, L. and Peccarisi, L. and Indrio, F. and Cavallo, L.},
   title = {A randomized controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG in children with functional abdominal pain},
   journal = {Pediatrics},
   volume = {126},
   number = {6},
   pages = {e1445-52},
   note = {1098-4275
Francavilla, Ruggiero
Miniello, Vito
Magista, Anna Maria
De Canio, Angela
Bucci, Nunzia
Gagliardi, Francesca
Lionetti, Elena
Castellaneta, Stefania
Polimeno, Lorenzo
Peccarisi, Lucia
Indrio, Flavia
Cavallo, Luciano
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
United States
Pediatrics. 2010 Dec;126(6):e1445-52. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0467. Epub 2010 Nov 15.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) relieves symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 141 children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional pain were enrolled in 9 primary care sites and a referral center. Children entered a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and received LGG or placebo for 8 weeks and entered follow-up for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was overall pain at the end of the intervention period. At entry and at the end of the trial, children underwent a double-sugar intestinal permeability test. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, LGG, but not placebo, caused a significant reduction of both frequency (P < .01) and severity (P < .01) of abdominal pain. These differences still were significant at the end of follow-up (P < .02 and P < .001, respectively). At week 12, treatment success was achieved in 48 children in the LGG group compared with 37 children in the placebo group (P < .03); this difference still was present at the end of follow-up (P < .03). At entry, 59% of the children had abnormal results from the intestinal permeability test; LGG, but not placebo, determined a significant decrease in the number of patients with abnormal results from the intestinal permeability testing (P < .03). These effects mainly were in children with IBS. CONCLUSIONS: LGG significantly reduces the frequency and severity of abdominal pain in children with IBS; this effect is sustained and may be secondary to improvement of the gut barrier.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/*diet therapy/etiology
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Double-Blind Method
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*complications
*Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Male
Probiotics/*therapeutic use
Retrospective Studies
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0031-4005},
   Accession Number = {21078735},
   DOI = {10.1542/peds.2010-0467},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Gaylord, S. A. and Whitehead, W. E. and Coble, R. S. and Faurot, K. R. and Palsson, O. S. and Garland, E. L. and Frey, W. and Mann, J. D.},
   title = {Mindfulness for irritable bowel syndrome: protocol development for a controlled clinical trial},
   journal = {BMC Complement Altern Med},
   volume = {9},
   pages = {24},
   note = {1472-6882
Gaylord, Susan A
Whitehead, William E
Coble, Rebecca S
Faurot, Keturah R
Palsson, Olafur S
Garland, Eric L
Frey, William
Mann, John Douglas
R21 AT003619/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States
R21AT003619/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
England
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009 Jul 28;9:24. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-24.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional bowel disorder with symptoms of abdominal pain and disturbed defecation experienced by 10% of U.S. adults, results in significant disability, impaired quality of life, and health-care burden. Conventional medical care focusing on pharmacological approaches, diet, and lifestyle management has been partially effective in controlling symptoms. Behavioral treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnosis, are promising. This paper describes an on-going feasibility study to assess the efficacy of mindfulness training, a behavioral treatment involving directing and sustaining attention to present-moment experience, for the treatment of IBS. METHODS/DESIGN: The study design involves randomization of adult women with IBS according to Rome II criteria, to either an eight-week mindfulness training group (based on a Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction [MBSR] format) or a previously validated IBS social-support group as an attention-control condition. The primary hypothesis is that, compared to Support Group participants, those in the Mindfulness Program will demonstrate significant improvement in IBS symptoms as measured by the IBS Symptom Severity Scale [1]. DISCUSSION: 214 individuals have been screened for eligibility, of whom 148 were eligible for the study. Of those, 87 were enrolled, with 21 withdrawing after having given consent. 66 have completed or are in the process of completing the interventions. It is feasible to undertake a rigorous randomized clinical trial of mindfulness training for people with IBS, using a standardized MBSR protocol adapted for those experiencing IBS, compared to a control social-support group previously utilized in IBS studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00680693.},
   keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological
Adult
Behavior Therapy
Feasibility Studies
Female
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/psychology/*therapy
*Mind-Body Therapies
Pain Management
Research Design
Stress, Psychological/*therapy},
   ISSN = {1472-6882},
   Accession Number = {19638214},
   DOI = {10.1186/1472-6882-9-24},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Gerson, C. D. and Gerson, M. J.},
   title = {A cross-cultural perspective on irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Mt Sinai J Med},
   volume = {77},
   number = {6},
   pages = {707-12},
   note = {1931-7581
Gerson, Charles D
Gerson, Mary-Joan
Editorial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Mt Sinai J Med. 2010 Nov-Dec;77(6):707-12. doi: 10.1002/msj.20218.},
   abstract = {Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal illness, defined by symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome has been described as a biopsychosocial condition, in which colonic dysfunction is affected by psychological and social factors. As a result of this unusual constellation, irritable bowel syndrome may be subject to cultural variables that differ in different parts of the globe. In this article, we describe some of the ways in which irritable bowel syndrome may be experienced differently, depending on local belief systems, psychological pressures, acceptance or resistance to a mind-body paradigm, and breakdown in support or relationship structure. Examples are given in which irritable bowel syndrome investigators from countries around the world describe various aspects of the syndrome that may affect the illness experience of their patients. We describe our own research studies that have demonstrated possible adverse effects on disease severity from relationship conflict, attribution of symptoms to physical rather than emotional cause, and the belief that irritable bowel syndrome is enduring and mysterious. Also described is our finding that symptom patterns may differ significantly between different geographic locations. Finally, we discuss the importance of "cultural competence" on the part of healthcare professionals in regard to caring for patients of diverse cultural backgrounds.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain
*Cultural Competency
Culture
Diet
Ethnic Groups
Global Health
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Internationality
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/epidemiology/*ethnology/psychology
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Socioeconomic Factors
United States/epidemiology},
   ISSN = {0027-2507},
   Accession Number = {21105131},
   DOI = {10.1002/msj.20218},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Giamberardino, M. A. and Costantini, R. and Affaitati, G. and Fabrizio, A. and Lapenna, D. and Tafuri, E. and Mezzetti, A.},
   title = {Viscero-visceral hyperalgesia: characterization in different clinical models},
   journal = {Pain},
   volume = {151},
   number = {2},
   pages = {307-22},
   note = {1872-6623
Giamberardino, Maria Adele
Costantini, Raffaele
Affaitati, Giannapia
Fabrizio, Alessandra
Lapenna, Domenico
Tafuri, Emmanuele
Mezzetti, Andrea
Journal Article
United States
Pain. 2010 Nov;151(2):307-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.023. Epub 2010 Jul 16.},
   abstract = {Co-existing algogenic conditions in two internal organs in the same patient may mutually enhance pain symptoms (viscero-visceral hyperalgesia). The present study assessed this phenomenon in different models of visceral interaction. In a prospective evaluation, patients with: (a) coronary artery disease (CAD)+gallstone (Gs) (common sensory projection: T5); (b) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)+dysmenorrhea (Dys) (T10-L1); (c) dysmenorrhea/endometriosis+urinary calculosis (Cal)(T10-L1); and (d) gallstone+left urinary calculosis (Gs+LCal) (unknown common projection) were compared with patients with CAD, Gs, IBS, Dys or Cal only, for spontaneous symptoms (number/intensity of pain episodes) over comparable time periods and for referred symptoms (muscle hyperalgesia; pressure/electrical pain thresholds) from each visceral location. In patients' subgroups, symptoms were also re-assessed after treatment of each condition or after no treatment. (a) CAD+Gs presented more numerous/intense angina/biliary episodes and more referred muscle chest/abdominal hyperalgesia than CAD or Gs; cardiac revascularization or cholecystectomy also reduced biliary or cardiac symptoms, respectively (0.001<p<0.05). (b) IBS+Dys had more intestinal/menstrual pain and abdomino/pelvic muscle hyperalgesia than IBS or Dys; hormonal dysmenorrhea treatment also reduced IBS symptoms; IBS dietary treatment also improved dysmenorrhea (0.001<p<0.05) while no treatment of either conditions resulted in no improvement in time of symptoms from both. (c) Cal+Dys had more urinary/menstrual pain and referred lumbar/abdominal hyperalgesia than Cal or Dys; hormonal dysmenorrhea treatment/laser treatment for endometriosis also improved urinary symptoms; lithotripsy for urinary stone also reduced menstrual symptoms (0.001<p<0.05). (d) In Gs+LCal, cholecystectomy or urinary lithotripsy did not improve urinary or biliary symptoms, respectively. Mechanisms of viscero-visceral hyperalgesia between organs with documented partially common sensory projection probably involve sensitization of viscero-viscero-somatic convergent neurons.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cholecystectomy/methods
Colonic Diseases, Functional/complications
Dysmenorrhea/complications/therapy
Endometriosis/complications
Female
Gallbladder Diseases/complications/surgery
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*complications/therapy
Heart Diseases/*complications/therapy
Humans
Hyperalgesia/*etiology/*therapy
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications/surgery
Male
Middle Aged
Pain Measurement/methods
Pain Threshold/*physiology
Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies
Urinary Calculi/complications/therapy
Viscera/*physiopathology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0304-3959},
   Accession Number = {20638177},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.023},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Gonlachanvit, S.},
   title = {Are rice and spicy diet good for functional gastrointestinal disorders?},
   journal = {J Neurogastroenterol Motil},
   volume = {16},
   number = {2},
   pages = {131-8},
   note = {2093-0887
Gonlachanvit, Sutep
Journal Article
Korea (South)
J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010 Apr;16(2):131-8. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2010.16.2.131. Epub 2010 Apr 27.},
   abstract = {Rice- and chili-containing foods are common in Asia. Studies suggest that rice is completely absorbed in the small bowel, produces little intestinal gas and has a low allergenicity. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that rice-based meals are well tolerated and may improve gastrointestinal symptoms in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Chili is a spicy ingredient commonly use throughout Asia. The active component of chili is capsaicin. Capsaicin can mediate a painful, burning sensation in the human gut via the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). Recently, the TRPV1 expressing sensory fibers have been reported to increase in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with FGID and visceral hypersensitivity. Acute exposure to capsaicin or chili can aggravate abdominal pain and burning in dyspepsia and IBS patients. Whereas, chronic ingestion of natural capsaicin agonist or chili has been shown to decrease dyspeptic and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. The high prevalence of spicy food in Asia may modify gastrointestinal burning symptoms in patients with FGID. Studies in Asia demonstrated a low prevalence of heartburn symptoms in GERD patients in several Asian countries. In conclusion rice is well tolerated and should be advocated as the carbohydrate source of choice for patients with FGID. Although, acute chili ingestion can aggravate abdominal pain and burning symptoms in FGID, chronic ingestion of chili was found to improve functional dyspepsia and GERD symptoms in small randomized, controlled studies.},
   keywords = {Capsaicin
Chili pepper
Functional gastrointestinal disorder
Rice
TRPV1 receptor},
   ISSN = {2093-0879},
   Accession Number = {20535343},
   DOI = {10.5056/jnm.2010.16.2.131},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Grundmann, O. and Yoon, S. L.},
   title = {Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment: an update for health-care practitioners},
   journal = {J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {25},
   number = {4},
   pages = {691-9},
   note = {1440-1746
Grundmann, Oliver
Yoon, Saunjoo L
Journal Article
Review
Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Apr;25(4):691-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06120.x. Epub 2010 Jan 13.},
   abstract = {Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic gastrointestinal disorder, affects from 3-20% of the US population, depending on sociocultural and comorbid factors. IBS is characterized by a symptom complex of abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits that present as diarrhea or constipation, and general physical weakness in the absence of abnormal morphological, histological or inflammatory markers. The main diagnostic Rome III criteria as established by international professional organizations are based on exclusion criteria and the occurrence and rate of symptoms. Because the pathophysiology and causes of IBS are poorly understood, treatment approaches are mainly focused on symptom management to maintain everyday functioning and improve quality of life for persons with IBS. The mainstay of intervention is pharmacological treatment with antispasmodics and antidiarrheals for diarrhea, prokinetics and high-fiber diets for constipation, and supportive therapy with low-dose antidepressants to normalize gastrointestinal motility. Other interventions include lifestyle and dietary changes, psychotherapy, herbal therapies and acupuncture. The purpose of this review is to critically assess benefits and risks of current treatment approaches as well as promising complementary and alternative therapies.},
   keywords = {Complementary Therapies
Diagnosis, Differential
Evidence-Based Medicine
Gastrointestinal Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Humans
*Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
Predictive Value of Tests
Psychotherapy
Risk Assessment
Risk Reduction Behavior
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0815-9319},
   Accession Number = {20074154},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06120.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Guyonnet, D. and Woodcock, A. and Stefani, B. and Trevisan, C. and Hall, C.},
   title = {Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 improved self-reported digestive comfort amongst a general population of adults. A randomized, open-label, controlled, pilot study},
   journal = {J Dig Dis},
   volume = {10},
   number = {1},
   pages = {61-70},
   note = {1751-2980
Guyonnet, Denis
Woodcock, Alison
Stefani, Blandine
Trevisan, Cristina
Hall, Claire
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Australia
J Dig Dis. 2009 Feb;10(1):61-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00366.x.},
   abstract = {AIM: Some probiotics improve digestive comfort of people with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, but this needs confirmation in a healthy population. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of consuming fermented milk containing the probiotics Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 and yoghourt strains (test product) on digestive comfort and symptoms amongst adults without diagnosed gastrointestinal disorders. METHODS: The study was designed to approximate a real-life situation, by using a branded product in the intervention groups. In an open-label, randomized, controlled trial, 371 adults reporting digestive discomfort were randomized into three groups who had a daily consumption of either one or two pots of test product over 2 weeks, or to follow their usual diet. Digestive comfort and bother from digestive symptoms were assessed by questionnaire at baseline and follow-up (per protocol population n = 360). Self-reported change in digestive comfort and computed change between baseline and follow-up for each of 20 items were compared between groups (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). RESULTS: A higher percentage of participants consuming the test product reported improved digestive comfort (1-pot group 82.5%; 2-pot group 84.3%), than controls (2.9%). Their self-reported change scores differed significantly (P < 0.001). For both test product groups, almost all symptom scores improved significantly more than controls (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between 1-pot and 2-pot groups. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study shows that daily consumption of a probiotic food in real-life conditions may be useful in improving digestive comfort and symptom experience of adults from general population. Further double-blind randomized controlled studies are required to confirm these health benefits.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
*Bifidobacterium
Female
Gastrointestinal Agents/*therapeutic use
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*diet therapy
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pilot Projects
Probiotics/*therapeutic use
Yogurt/*microbiology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1751-2972},
   Accession Number = {19236549},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00366.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Gwee, K. A.},
   title = {Fiber, FODMAPs, flora, flatulence, and the functional bowel disorders},
   journal = {J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {25},
   number = {8},
   pages = {1335-6},
   note = {1440-1746
Gwee, Kok-Ann
Comment
Editorial
Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Aug;25(8):1335-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06433.x.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/etiology/prevention & control
*Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/metabolism
Dietary Fiber/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/metabolism
Fermentation
Flatulence/etiology/metabolism/physiopathology/*prevention & control
Humans
Hydrogen/metabolism
Intestines/*metabolism/microbiology/physiopathology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications/*diet therapy/metabolism/physiopathology
Lethargy/etiology/prevention & control
Methane/metabolism
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0815-9319},
   Accession Number = {20659218},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06433.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Gwee, K. A. and Bak, Y. T. and Ghoshal, U. C. and Gonlachanvit, S. and Lee, O. Y. and Fock, K. M. and Chua, A. S. and Lu, C. L. and Goh, K. L. and Kositchaiwat, C. and Makharia, G. and Park, H. J. and Chang, F. Y. and Fukudo, S. and Choi, M. G. and Bhatia, S. and Ke, M. and Hou, X. and Hongo, M.},
   title = {Asian consensus on irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {25},
   number = {7},
   pages = {1189-205},
   note = {1440-1746
Gwee, Kok-Ann
Bak, Young-Tae
Ghoshal, Uday Chand
Gonlachanvit, Sutep
Lee, Oh Young
Fock, Kwong Ming
Chua, Andrew Seng Boon
Lu, Ching-Liang
Goh, Khean-Lee
Kositchaiwat, Chomsri
Makharia, Govind
Park, Hyo-Jin
Chang, Full-Young
Fukudo, Shin
Choi, Myung-Gyu
Bhatia, Shobna
Ke, Meiyun
Hou, Xiaohua
Hongo, Michio
Asian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association
Journal Article
Practice Guideline
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jul;25(7):1189-205. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06353.x.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many of the ideas on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are derived from studies conducted in Western societies. Their relevance to Asian societies has not been critically examined. Our objectives were to bring to attention important data from Asian studies, articulate the experience and views of our Asian experts, and provide a relevant guide on this poorly understood condition for doctors and scientists working in Asia. METHODS: A multinational group of physicians from Asia with special interest in IBS raised statements on IBS pertaining to symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiology, infection, pathophysiology, motility, management, and diet. A modified Delphi approach was employed to present and grade the quality of evidence, and determine the level of agreement. RESULTS: We observed that bloating and symptoms associated with meals were prominent complaints among our IBS patients. In the majority of our countries, we did not observe a female predominance. In some Asian populations, the intestinal transit times in healthy and IBS patients appear to be faster than those reported in the West. High consultation rates were observed, particularly in the more affluent countries. There was only weak evidence to support the perception that psychological distress determines health-care seeking. Dietary factors, in particular, chili consumption and the high prevalence of lactose malabsorption, were perceived to be aggravating factors, but the evidence was weak. CONCLUSIONS: This detailed compilation of studies from different parts of Asia, draws attention to Asian patients' experiences of IBS.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/ethnology/etiology
Adult
Algorithms
Asia/epidemiology
*Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
Consensus
Critical Pathways
Defecation
Delphi Technique
Evidence-Based Medicine
Female
Gastrointestinal Motility
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis/*ethnology/etiology/physiopathology/therapy
Male
Middle Aged
Predictive Value of Tests
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0815-9319},
   Accession Number = {20594245},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06353.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hagege, H.},
   title = {[Alternative treatments in irritable bowel syndrome]},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {33 Suppl 1},
   pages = {S79-83},
   note = {Hagege, H
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009 Feb;33 Suppl 1:S79-83. doi: 10.1016/S0399-8320(09)71528-3.},
   abstract = {Managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is difficult and often a source of dissatisfaction for the patient, explaining the increasingly frequent recourse to alternative treatments. These highly varied treatments are often associated. They can be classed into four categories: reflexology methods, interventions on the psyche, biological therapies, and treatments using certain forms of energy. Although some studies show interesting results, currently there are not sufficient scientific arguments to recommend one or another of these alternative treatments. Multicenter controlled studies are needed to better evaluate the strategies that appear to be cost-effective.},
   keywords = {Diet
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*therapy
*Mind-Body Therapies},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {19303542},
   DOI = {10.1016/s0399-8320(09)71528-3},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Heizer, W. D. and Southern, S. and McGovern, S.},
   title = {The role of diet in symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in adults: a narrative review},
   journal = {J Am Diet Assoc},
   volume = {109},
   number = {7},
   pages = {1204-14},
   note = {1878-3570
Heizer, William D
Southern, Susannah
McGovern, Susan
Journal Article
Review
United States
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Jul;109(7):1204-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.04.012.},
   abstract = {This review summarizes what is known about the effect of diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms emphasizing data from randomized, controlled clinical trials. Studies suggest that IBS symptoms in one quarter of patients may be caused or exacerbated by one or more dietary components. Recent studies indicate that a diet restricted in fermentable, poorly absorbed carbohydrates, including fructose, fructans (present in wheat and onions), sorbitol, and other sugar alcohols is beneficial, but confirmatory studies are needed. Despite a long history of enthusiastic use, fiber is marginally beneficial. Insoluble fiber may worsen symptoms. Some patients with IBS, especially those with constipation, will improve with increased intake of soluble fiber. Prebiotic fibers have not been adequately tested. Daily use of peppermint oil is effective in relieving IBS symptoms. The usefulness of probiotics in the form of foods such as live-culture yogurt and buttermilk for IBS symptoms is not established. In clinical practice, it is very difficult to establish that a patient's symptoms result from an adverse reaction to food. A double blind placebo-controlled food challenge is the most reliable method, but it is not suitable for routine clinical use. A modified exclusion diet and stepwise reintroduction of foods or trials of eliminating classes of food may be useful.},
   keywords = {Constipation/diet therapy/etiology
*Diet/adverse effects
Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use
Fermentation
Food Hypersensitivity/complications/physiopathology
Fructose Intolerance/complications/physiopathology
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diet therapy/etiology/*metabolism
Lactose Intolerance/complications/physiopathology
Plant Oils/therapeutic use
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Sorbitol/adverse effects/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0002-8223},
   Accession Number = {1

repository: KociOrges/pytag

repo_name: KociOrges/pytag