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Times-Cited = {{39}},
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Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{99}},
Journal-ISO = {{Biol. Conserv.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG1BE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353007200023}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000351849700016,
Author = {Geib, Jennifer C. and Strange, James P. and Galen, Candace},
Title = {{Bumble bee nest abundance, foraging distance, and host-plant
   reproduction: implications for management and conservation}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{25}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{768-778}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Recent reports of global declines in pollinator species imply an urgent
   need to assess the abundance of native pollinators and density-dependent
   benefits for linked plants. In this study, we investigated (1)
   pollinator nest distributions and estimated colony abundances, (2) the
   relationship between abundances of foraging workers and the number of
   nests they represent, (3) pollinator foraging ranges, and (4) the
   relationship between pollinator abundance and plant reproduction. We
   examined these questions in an alpine ecosystem in the Colorado Rocky
   Mountains, focusing on four alpine bumble bee species (Bombus balteatus,
   B. flavifrons, B. bifarius, and B. sylvicola), and two host plants that
   differ in their degrees of pollinator specialization (Trifolium
   dasyphyllum and T. parryi).
   Using microsatellites, we found that estimated colony abundances among
   Bombus species ranged from; similar to 18 to 78 colonies/0.01 km(2). The
   long-tongued species B. balteatus was most common, especially high above
   treeline, but the subalpine species B. bifarius was unexpectedly
   abundant for this elevation range. Nests detected among sampled foragers
   of each species were correlated with the number of foragers caught.
   Foraging ranges were smaller than expected for all Bombus species,
   ranging from 25 to 110 m. Fruit set for the specialized plant, Trifolium
   parryi, was positively related to the abundance of its Bombus
   pollinator. In contrast, fruit set for the generalized plant, T.
   dasyphyllum, was related to abundance of all Bombus species. Because
   forager abundance was related to nest abundance of each Bombus species
   and was an equally effective predictor of plant fecundity, forager
   inventories are probably suitable for assessing the health of
   outcrossing plant populations. However, nest abundance, rather than
   forager abundance, better reflects demographic and genetic health in
   populations of eusocial pollinators such as bumble bees. Development of
   models incorporating the parameters we have measured here (nest
   abundance, forager abundance, and foraging distance) could increase the
   usefulness of foraging worker inventories in monitoring, managing, and
   conserving pollinator populations.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Geib, JC (Corresponding Author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, 572 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608 USA.
   Geib, Jennifer C.; Galen, Candace, Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Strange, James P., Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insect Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1890/14-0151.1}},
ISSN = {{1051-0761}},
EISSN = {{1939-5582}},
Keywords = {{alpine ecosystem; Bombus spp., bumble bees; colony density; density
   dependence; foraging range; host-plant fecundity; Pennsylvania Mountain,
   Colorado, USA; pollination services; pollinator monitoring; spatial
   distribution; Trifolium dasyphyllum; Trifolium parryi}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SUB-ALPINE MEADOWS; SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION; GENETIC-MARKERS; FLOWERING
   PHENOLOGY; CRESTED BUTTE; FRUIT-SET; DENSITY; POLLINATORS; HYMENOPTERA;
   APIDAE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{geibjc@appstate.edu}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Strange, James/0000-0002-9612-6868}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) {[}DEB-0709833, 1045322]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Joyce Knoblett and Jonathan Koch for help with bee
   identification and molecular analyses, and Peter Marting for assistance
   in the field. We thank Rebecca Irwin, Robert Creed, Alison Brody, and
   two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on the previous drafts
   of the manuscript. Data in this paper are from a dissertation submitted
   in partial fulfillment of the requirements for PhD at the University of
   Missouri Division of Biological Sciences. Research was supported by the
   NSF (DEB-0709833 to J. Geib and 1045322 to C. Galen). The USFS provided
   access to field sites on Pennsylvania Mountain.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
Times-Cited = {{23}},
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Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{143}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecol. Appl.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CE5DE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000351849700016}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000351864500010,
Author = {Anderson, Gregory J. and Bernardello, Gabriel and Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo},
Title = {{Reproductive biology of Solanum vespertilio (Solanaceae), a zygomorphic,
   heterantherous, enantiostylous, and andromonoecious rare Canary Islands
   endemic}},
Journal = {{PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{301}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1191-1206}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Without full knowledge of the reproductive biology of endemic species,
   the chances of effective conservation decline. We conducted multi-year
   field and laboratory studies of the sexual system and reproductive
   biology of Solanum vespertilio. Flowers are tetramerous, zygomorphic,
   heterantherous and sometimes enantiostylous. The species is
   andromonoecious. Anthers are heteromorphic in both sex forms, with one
   long upcurved and three straight shorter anthers. The style in male
   flowers is short to vestigial; in hermaphrodites it is strongly
   up-turned, longer than the anthers. The single large anther bears 45 \%
   of the pollen. Some of these unusual features may illustrate insular
   release from selection, though, given the antiquity of the Canaries;
   they likely constitute selection to promote effective sexual
   reproduction and outcrossing. Experiments with manually deflected styles
   showed higher fruit set than controls. The nascent expression of
   enantiostyly offers the opportunity for understanding its evolution. The
   species is weakly self-compatible, which may offer fertility insurance,
   or be remnant of the status of colonizers. Field observations suggest
   that the number of fruit developing in an inflorescence affects the
   gender of subsequent flowers. Thus, the strength of andromonoecy may
   both affect the rate of outcrossing (genetic issues), and/or constitute
   a mechanism for response to the level of fruit set
   (physiological/ecological issues). Flowers were buzz-pollinated by
   large-bodied native bees. Most of the unusual features of S. vespertilio
   presumably promote effective pollen transport and perhaps outcrossing.
   Effective conservation programs depend not only on protecting habitat,
   but also on fruit set; the latter is dependent on knowledge of
   pollination and reproductive biology.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bernardello, G (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, Casilla Correo 495, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina.
   Anderson, Gregory J., Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol \& Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   Bernardello, Gabriel, Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina.
   Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo, Jardin Aclimatac La Orotava ICIA, Tenerife 38400, Canary Islands, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00606-014-1143-4}},
ISSN = {{0378-2697}},
EISSN = {{2199-6881}},
Keywords = {{Island colonization; Buzz pollination; Self compatibility; Solanaceae;
   Solanum; Bombus}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BREEDING SYSTEMS; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BUZZ
   POLLINATION; FLORAL SYMMETRY; POLLEN; EVOLUTION; TERMINOLOGY;
   ANGIOSPERMS; EXPRESSION}},
Research-Areas = {{Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology}},
Author-Email = {{gregory.anderson@uconn.edu
   bernarde@imbiv.unc.edu.ar}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{American Philosophical Society; University of Connecticut College of
   Liberal Arts and Sciences; University of Connecticut Research
   Foundation; CONICETConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y
   Tecnicas (CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (Argentina)}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Mona Anderson and Paul Neal for extensive field assistance,
   Paul Neal for data analysis, Francisco La Roche-Brier for identification
   of insects, A. Marrero and R. Mesa for information about some natural
   populations, and for loans. The American Philosophical Society, the
   University of Connecticut College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the
   University of Connecticut Research Foundation, CONICET and Universidad
   Nacional de Cordoba (Argentina) provided financial support, and the
   Jardin de Aclimatacion de La Orotava, Tenerife, logistic support. The
   Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (Spain) kindly provided
   access to the spectacular and protected botanical resources Parque rural
   de Anaga.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{94}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
Journal-ISO = {{Plant Syst. Evol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CE5IH}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000351864500010}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000351197300007,
Author = {Martyniuk, Nicolas A. and Morales, Carolina L. and Aizen, Marcelo A.},
Title = {{Invasive conifers reduce seed set of a native Andean cedar through
   heterospecific pollination competition}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{17}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{1055-1067}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{The invasion of natural forest communities by introduced woody species
   may threat processes that are critical for ecosystem integrity,
   including plant pollination and reproduction. In particular, invasive
   conifers (e.g., Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus spp.) escaped from forest
   plantations may impair seed production of anemophilous native conifers
   by altering the dynamics of wind-borne pollen flow among trees. In this
   study, we analyzed the effects of invasive conifers on the pollination
   and sexual reproduction of Andean cedar (Austrocedrus chilensis), a
   dioecious conifer native to the temperate forests of southern South
   America. Wind-dispersed pollen captured in pollen traps revealed that
   the timing of pollen release between the invasive and native conifers
   overlapped extensively, and the pollen cloud surrounding female cedar
   trees in invaded forest was heavily contaminated with pollen from the
   invasive conifers. Increasing abundance of invasive conifers in the
   proximity of female cedars decreased the local density of air-borne
   cedar pollen and increased contamination of the pollen cloud with pollen
   from the invasive conifers. This increased the chance of finding
   heterospecific pollen from these invaders in the micropyles of the
   native cedar. In turn, the presence of pollen grains from invasive
   conifers, particularly of P. menziesii, in the cedar's micropyles was
   associated with a strong increase in the percentage of seed abortion.
   Our results clearly support the hypothesis that invasive conifers can
   interfere with the pollination and sexual reproduction of native
   wind-pollinated conifers. Thus, plantations of introduced and highly
   invasive conifers should not occur in the proximity of stands of native
   conifers in order to guarantee their reproduction and long-term
   population viability.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Martyniuk, NA (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Comahue, Lab ECOTONO, CRUB, Quintral 1250, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
   Martyniuk, Nicolas A.; Morales, Carolina L.; Aizen, Marcelo A., Univ Nacl Comahue, Lab ECOTONO, CRUB, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
   Martyniuk, Nicolas A.; Morales, Carolina L.; Aizen, Marcelo A., Inst Invest Biodiversidad \& Medioambiente INIBIOM, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10530-014-0775-1}},
ISSN = {{1387-3547}},
EISSN = {{1573-1464}},
Keywords = {{Austrocedrus chilensis; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus; Anemophilous
   pollination; Exotic conifer invasion; Pollination interference; Seed
   production}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INTERSPECIFIC POLLEN TRANSFER; FAGUS-SYLVATICA L.;
   AUSTROCEDRUS-CHILENSIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;
   INTRODUCED CONIFERS; PREDICTING GROWTH; SOUTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL CHANGE;
   GENE FLOW}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{nmartyniuk@comahue-conicet.gob.ar}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Martyniuk, Nico/H-4426-2014
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Martyniuk, Nico/0000-0002-2423-7040
   Aizen, Marcelo/0000-0001-9079-9749}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Universidad Nacional del Comahue; APN, the Universidad Nacional de la
   Patagonia San Juan Bosco {[}560]; Centro de Investigacion y Extension
   Forestal Andino Patagonico; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y
   Tecnologica (PICTO Forestal) {[}36879]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Alejandro Martyniuk for his assistance with the field
   experiments and companionship during sampling. Also we thank to Martin
   Nunez and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and thoughtful
   input on a previous version of the MS, and the Delegacion Regional
   Patagonia of the Administracion Parques Nacionales (APN) for granting
   permission to collect material for this study. This study was partially
   funded by a grant to N.M. provided under the agreement for technical and
   scientific cooperation between the Universidad Nacional del Comahue and
   APN, the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (PI No.
   560), the Centro de Investigacion y Extension Forestal Andino
   Patagonico, and the Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y
   Tecnologica (PICTO Forestal No. 36879).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{53}},
Journal-ISO = {{Biol. Invasions}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CD6KF}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000351197300007}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000350776600025,
Author = {Monasterolo, M. and Musicante, M. L. and Valladares, G. R. and Salvo, A.},
Title = {{Soybean crops may benefit from forest pollinators}},
Journal = {{AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS \& ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{202}},
Pages = {{217-222}},
Month = {{APR 1}},
Abstract = {{Increasing evidence indicates that pollinator diversity and pollination
   services are highly threatened by the destruction and fragmentation of
   natural habitats and the intensification of agricultural landscapes.
   Here we analyze the bee visiting ensemble on soybean flowers and the
   effects of pollinator visits on soybean reproductive success, within a
   fragmented Chaco forest landscape embedded in a soybean matrix in
   central Argentina. We assessed visitation rates in relation to distance
   from the forest (5, 50 and 100 m) compared soybean bee assemblages with
   those on wild flowers in the nearby forest fragments, and carried out an
   exclosure experiment in order to assess the contribution of insect
   visits to soybean reproductive success. We also analyzed the
   relationship between visitor body size and the distance from the forest
   to the visited flower. Five species belonging to two families of bees
   were observed visiting soybean flowers. The bee species observed on
   soybean were well represented in the forest, and Apis mellifera was the
   most abundant species, visiting soybean flowers at all studied distances
   from the forest. Instead, wild visitors displayed a turnover of species
   throughout those distances, with smaller species being restricted to the
   forest proximity and replaced by larger ones toward the interior of the
   crop. Total visitation rates were significantly and negatively affected
   by distance to the forest. All plant productivity variables measured in
   the exclosure experiments were significantly improved in exposed
   flowers, duplicating the values observed without pollinators. The
   present study offers preliminary evidence linking forest proximity to
   higher visitation rates and presence of wild pollinators on soybean
   flowers thus providing for the first time, evidence of the forest role
   as pollinator donor for the soybean crop. It also shows that pollinator
   activity matters for this crop, leading to increased soybean yield.
   Further research on this topic is necessary in order to provide informed
   guidelines to enhance soybean production while simultaneously promoting
   natural habitat conservation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Monasterolo, M (Corresponding Author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Catedra Bot Gen, Av San Martin 4453,C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
   Monasterolo, M., Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Catedra Bot Gen, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
   Musicante, M. L., Univ Nacl Chilecito La Rioja, Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina.
   Valladares, G. R.; Salvo, A., Natl Univ Cordoba, Ctr Invest Entomol Cordoba, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina.
   Valladares, G. R.; Salvo, A., Natl Univ Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis \& Nat, Cordoba, Argentina.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.012}},
ISSN = {{0167-8809}},
EISSN = {{1873-2305}},
Keywords = {{Habitat fragmentation; Pollinator spillover; Forest-crop interface;
   Soybean reproductive success}},
Keywords-Plus = {{GLYCINE-MAX L.; NATURAL HABITATS; APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY-BEES; SERVICES;
   PLANTS; DISPERSAL; SPILLOVER}},
Research-Areas = {{Agriculture; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{marcosmonasterolom@gmail.com
   mmusicante@undec.edu.ar
   gvalladares@efn.uncor.edu
   asalvo@com.uncor.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{CONICETConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas
   (CONICET); SECYTSecretaria de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SECYT)}},
Funding-Text = {{We would like to thank to the owners of Estancia Santo Domingo for
   permission for field work. This work was supported by CONICET and SECYT.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
Times-Cited = {{19}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{64}},
Journal-ISO = {{Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CD0PO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350776600025}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000353007200007,
Author = {Jonsson, Annelie M. and Ekroos, Johan and Danhardt, Juliana and
   Andersson, Georg K. S. and Olsson, Ola and Smith, Henrik G.},
Title = {{Sown flower strips in southern Sweden increase abundances of wild bees
   and hoverflies in the wider landscape}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{184}},
Pages = {{51-58}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Pollinator populations have suffered severe declines in many
   industrialised countries due to reduced floral and nesting resources,
   brought on by agricultural intensification. One potential method of
   mitigating these effects is creating flower strips. Most previous
   studies have shown higher pollinator abundances in flower strips, but
   none have been able to demonstrate increased pollinator abundances at
   larger spatial scales, in the surrounding agricultural landscapes. We
   assessed local and landscape-wide effects of flower strips on pollinator
   abundances, using 18 carefully selected study landscapes in southern
   Sweden, distributed along independent gradients of landscape
   heterogeneity and farming intensity. We found that flower strips were
   more attractive than field borders in general to bumblebees, whereas
   hoverflies were only attracted to flower strips from nearby field
   borders. Solitary bees declined with increasing distance from flower
   strips, but only in complex landscapes. As one of the first studies
   investigating effects of flower strips on pollinators across the wider
   landscape, we found increased abundance of bumblebees, but not solitary
   bees, in field borders outside the flower strips in floristically
   enhanced landscapes as compared with control landscapes. However, we
   found that higher quality and/or larger total area of flower strips
   within a farm was important for both bumblebees and solitary bees.
   Hoverfly abundance was enhanced on farms with flower strips in simple
   landscapes. Our results demonstrate that flower strips with rewarding
   plants do not only attract pollinators locally, but in addition have the
   potential to increase pollinator abundances across entire landscapes,
   and particularly in landscapes dominated by farmland. (C) 2015 Elsevier
   Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Jonsson, AM (Corresponding Author), Lund Univ, Unit Biodivers, Dept Biol, Ecol Bldg, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
   Jonsson, Annelie M.; Olsson, Ola; Smith, Henrik G., Lund Univ, Dept Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
   Ekroos, Johan; Danhardt, Juliana; Andersson, Georg K. S.; Smith, Henrik G., Lund Univ, Ctr Environm \& Climate Res, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.027}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
Keywords = {{Agro-ecosystem; Attraction effect; Distance decay; Habitat quality;
   Landscape heterogeneity}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FARMING PRACTICE; FORAGING RANGES; LAND-USE; DIVERSITY; POLLINATORS;
   HETEROGENEITY; AVAILABILITY; CONSERVATION; REPRODUCTION; HYMENOPTERA}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{annelie.jonsson@biol.lu.se
   johan.ekroos@cec.lu.se
   juliana.danhardt@cec.lu.se
   georg.andersson@biol.lu.se
   ola.olsson@biol.lu.se
   henrik.smith@biol.lu.se}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Andersson, Georg/0000-0002-9669-6895
   Olsson, Ola/0000-0003-0789-1064}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Marianne \& Marcus Wallenberg Foundation {[}MMW2008.003]; Swedish
   Research Council Formas through SAPESSwedish Research Council Formas
   {[}210-2009-1680]; strategic research environment BECC (Biodiversity and
   Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate)}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was supported by grants from the Marianne \& Marcus
   Wallenberg Foundation (MMW2008.003) and from the Swedish Research
   Council Formas through SAPES (Multifunctional Agriculture: Harnessing
   Biodiversity for Sustaining Agricultural Production and Ecosystem
   Services) (210-2009-1680) (both to HGS). JE was supported by the
   strategic research environment BECC (Biodiversity and Ecosystem services
   in a Changing Climate). We thank all farmers and landowners for allowing
   us access to their land. A big thank you to all field assistants
   involved in the project. For species identification we thank Sven
   Hellqvist (bees and hoverflies), Rune Bygebjerg (hoverflies), Maya
   Johansson (bumblebees) and Lars Noren (solitary bees). We thank Martin
   Stjernman for GIS-support. We thank Vincent Devictor, Ben Woodcock and
   one anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on an earlier draft of
   our manuscript.}},
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Journal-ISO = {{Biol. Conserv.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG1BE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353007200007}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000351849700014,
Author = {Pisanty, Gideon and Mandelik, Yael},
Title = {{Profiling crop pollinators: life history traits predict habitat use and
   crop visitation by Mediterranean wild bees}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{25}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{742-752}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Wild pollinators, bees in particular, may greatly contribute to crop
   pollination and provide a safety net against declines in commercial
   pollinators. However, the identity, life history traits, and
   environmental sensitivities of main crop pollinator species have
   received limited attention. These are crucial for predicting pollination
   services of different communities and for developing management
   practices that enhance crop pollinators. We sampled wild bees in three
   crop systems (almond, confection sunflower, and seed watermelon) in a
   mosaic Israeli Mediterranean landscape. Bees were sampled in
   field/orchard edges and interiors, and in seminatural scrub surrounding
   the fields/orchards. We also analyzed land cover at 50-2500 m radii
   around fields/orchards. We used this data to distinguish crop from
   non-crop pollinators based on a set of life history traits (nesting,
   lecty, sociality, body size) linked to habitat preference and crop
   visitation. Bee abundance and species richness decreased from the
   surrounding seminatural habitat to the field/orchard interior,
   especially across the seminatural habitat-field edge ecotone. Thus,
   although rich bee communities were found near fields, only small
   fractions crossed the ecotone and visited crop flowers in substantial
   numbers. The bee assemblage in agricultural fields/orchards and on crop
   flowers was dominated by ground-nesting bees of the tribe Halictini,
   which tend to nest within fields. Bees' habitat preferences were
   determined mainly by nesting guild, whereas crop visitation was
   determined mainly by sociality. Lecty and body size also affected both
   measures. The percentage of surrounding seminatural habitat at 250-2500
   m radii had a positive effect on wild bee diversity in field edges, for
   all bee guilds, while at 50-100 m radii, only aboveground nesters were
   positively affected. In sum, we found that crop and non-crop pollinators
   are distinguished by behavioral and morphological traits. Hence,
   analysis of life-history traits of bee communities can help assess the
   pollination services they are likely to provide (when taking into
   account single-visit pollination efficiency). The ecotone between
   agricultural fields and surrounding habitats is a major barrier that
   filters many bee species, particularly with regard to their nesting
   requirements. Thus, greater attention should be given to management
   practices that encourage pollinators to live and nest, and not only
   forage, within fields.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Pisanty, G (Corresponding Author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food \& Environm, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
   Pisanty, Gideon; Mandelik, Yael, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food \& Environm, Dept Entomol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.}},
DOI = {{10.1890/14-0910.1}},
ISSN = {{1051-0761}},
EISSN = {{1939-5582}},
Keywords = {{crop pollination; ecosystem service; ecotone; edge effect; functional
   trait; habitat gradient; Halictini; land use change; Lasioglossum;
   life-history trait; Mediterranean agroecosystem; wild bees}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NATIVE BEES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; NATURAL HABITAT; LANDSCAPES;
   SPECIALIZATION; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; INSECTS; FOREST}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{gidpisa79@yahoo.com}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Israel Ministry of Agriculture Research {[}824-0112-08]; Israel Science
   Foundation ResearchIsrael Science Foundation {[}919/09]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Gilat Bartana, Lihi Gal, Nadav Geva, Igal Kushnir, and Tahl
   Paran for help in field data collection; Holger Dathe, Terry Griswold,
   Andreas Muller, Sebastien Patiny, Alain Pauly, Christophe Praz, Stephan
   Risch, Erwin Scheuchl, Max Schwarz, and Michael Terzo for bee
   identification and life history information; Itai Van Rijn for ITD
   measurement; Giovanni Strona for helpful comments and advice; Ruth Ann
   Yonah for manuscript editing; and the farmers who allowed us access to
   their properties. This research was funded in parts by the Israel
   Ministry of Agriculture Research Grant Number 824-0112-08 and the Israel
   Science Foundation Research Grant Number 919/09. We thank the subject
   matter editor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the
   manuscript.}},
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Journal-ISO = {{Ecol. Appl.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CE5DE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000351849700014}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000352138100006,
Author = {Mallinger, Rachel E. and Gratton, Claudio},
Title = {{Species richness of wild bees, but not the use of managed honeybees,
   increases fruit set of a pollinator-dependent crop}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{52}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{323-330}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{1. Native, wild bees are important pollinators for both crop and wild
   plants. With concerns over the availability and cost of managed
   honeybees, attention has turned to native, wild bees as crop
   pollinators. However, the ability of native, wild bees to provide
   sufficient pollination may depend on their populations at local scales.
   2. Therefore, at the farm scale, we examined the pollination
   contribution of both native, wild bees and managed honeybees to apples
   and assessed the relative importance of bee abundance vs. species
   richness. Over three growing seasons, apple fruit set, bee abundance and
   bee species richness were measured at orchards in Wisconsin, half of
   which used managed honeybees, thus allowing us to independently examine
   the contribution of native, wild bees to fruit set. We additionally
   conducted observations of honeybees and wild bees foraging on apple
   blossoms in order to examine functional complementarity.
   3. We found that apples are highly dependent on animal pollinators.
   However, fruit set was not significantly higher at orchards with managed
   honeybees, nor did it increase with the number of honeybees per orchard.
   Instead, fruit set significantly increased with the species richness of
   native, wild bees during bloom.
   4. Honeybees and wild bees showed different foraging preferences:
   honeybees more frequently visited apple flowers on densely blooming
   trees, while wild bees showed no preference for floral density, thereby
   evenly visiting trees throughout the orchard.
   5. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that native, wild bees
   play a significant and unique role in apple pollination within our
   region and cannot therefore be replaced by managed bees. Moreover, our
   findings suggest that bee conservation efforts should focus specifically
   on maintaining or increasing bee species richness in order to improve
   pollination and crop yields.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Mallinger, RE (Corresponding Author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 1552 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
   Mallinger, Rachel E.; Gratton, Claudio, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 1552 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.12377}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
Keywords = {{Agroecosystems; Apis mellifera; apple; bee conservation;
   diversity-function; functional complementarity; native bee; orchards;
   pollination; yield}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APPLE ORCHARDS; NATIVE BEES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; POLLEN; HYMENOPTERA;
   LANDSCAPES; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; DECLINE; LOSSES}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{rachel.mallinger@gmail.com}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{USDAUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Mike Arduser and Jason Gibbs for assistance identifying bee
   specimens, Rick Lindroth and two reviewers for edits, and the USDA's
   Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, and Specialty Crop Block
   Grant programs for funding.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
Times-Cited = {{67}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{173}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CE9BJ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000352138100006}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000352138100007,
Author = {Manley, Robyn and Boots, Mike and Wilfert, Lena},
Title = {{Emerging viral disease risk to pollinating insects: ecological,
   evolutionary and anthropogenic factors}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{52}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{331-340}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{1. The potential for infectious pathogens to spillover and emerge from
   managed populations to wildlife communities is poorly understood, but
   ecological, evolutionary and anthropogenic factors are all likely to
   influence the initial exposure and subsequent infection, spread and
   impact of disease. Fast-evolving RNA viruses, known to cause severe
   colony losses in managed honeybee populations, deserve particular
   attention for their propensity to jump between host species and thus
   threaten ecologically and economically important wild pollinator
   communities.
   2. We review the literature on pollinator viruses to identify biological
   and anthropogenic drivers of disease emergence, highlight gaps in the
   literature, and discuss potential management strategies.
   3. We provide evidence that many wild pollinator species are exposed to
   viruses from commercial species, resulting in multiple spillover events.
   However, it is not clear whether species become infected as a result of
   spillover or whether transmission is occurring within these wild
   populations. Ecological traits of pollinating insects, such as
   overlapping ranges, niches and behaviours, clearly promote cross-species
   transmission of RNA viruses. Moreover, we conclude that the social
   behaviour and phylogenetic relatedness of social pollinators further
   facilitate within-and between-host transmission, leaving these species
   particularly vulnerable to emerging diseases.
   4. We argue that the commercial use of pollinators is a key driver of
   disease emergence in these beneficial insects and that this must be
   addressed by management and policy.
   5. Synthesis and applications. There are important knowledge gaps,
   ranging from disease distribution and prevalence, to pathogen life
   history and virulence, to the impacts of disease emergence, which need
   to be addressed as research priorities. It is clear that avoiding
   anthropogenic pathogen spillover is crucial to preventing and managing
   disease emergence in pollinators, with far-reaching effects on our food
   security, ecosystem services and biodiversity. We argue that it is
   crucial to prevent the introduction of diseased pollinators into natural
   environments, which can be achieved through improved monitoring and
   management practices.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Wilfert, L (Corresponding Author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol \& Conservat, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9EF, England.
   Manley, Robyn; Boots, Mike; Wilfert, Lena, Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol \& Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EF, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.12385}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
Keywords = {{pollinators; emerging disease; anthropogenic; biological risk factors;
   RNA viruses; transmission; infection; multihost pathogens; pollination;
   niche overlap}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; KASHMIR BEE VIRUS; REARED BUMBLE BEES;
   BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; PATHOGEN SPILLOVER; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; WORLDWIDE
   MIGRATION; PARALYSIS VIRUS; HONEYBEE; HOST}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{lena.wilfert@exeter.ac.uk}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Wilfert, Lena/0000-0002-6075-458X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Royal SocietyRoyal Society of London; NERCNERC Natural Environment
   Research Council}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin fellowship to LW
   and a NERC studentship to RM. We would like to thank David Pascall, two
   anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for improving the
   manuscript's clarity.}},
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