text:
at, Delia and O'Reilly, Helen and Berggen, Steve and Fridenson-Hayo, Shimrit and Tal, Shahar and Elfstr{\"{o}}m, Sigrid and R{\aa}de, Anna and Golan, Ofer and B{\"{o}}lte, Sven and Baron-Cohen, Simon and Lundqvist, Daniel},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1048-1},
file = {::},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Emotion perception,Multisite validation,Voice stimuli set},
month = {apr},
pmid = {29713953},
title = {{The EU-Emotion Voice Database}},
url = {www.autismresearchcentre.com/arc{\_}tests. http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1048-1},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Webb2018,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2017, The Author(s). Adults need to be able to process infants' emotional expressions accurately to respond appropriately and care for infants. However, research on processing of the emotional expressions of infant faces is hampered by the lack of validated stimuli. Although many sets of photographs of adult faces are available to researchers, there are no corresponding sets of photographs of infant faces. We therefore developed and validated a database of infant faces, which is available via e-mail request. Parents were recruited via social media and asked to send photographs of their infant (0–12 months of age) showing positive, negative, and neutral facial expressions. A total of 195 infant faces were obtained and validated. To validate the images, student midwives and nurses (n = 53) and members of the general public (n = 18) rated each image with respect to its facial expression, intensity of expression, clarity of expression, genuineness of expression, and valence. On the basis of these ratings, a total of 154 images with rating agreements of at least 75{\%} were included in the final database. These comprise 60 photographs of positive infant faces, 54 photographs of negative infant faces, and 40 photographs of neutral infant faces. The images have high criterion validity and good test–retest reliability. This database is therefore a useful and valid tool for researchers.},
author = {Webb, Rebecca and Ayers, Susan and Endress, Ansgar},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0859-9},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Emotional expression,Face database,Infant faces,Stimuli},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {151--159},
pmid = {28205132},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{The City Infant Faces Database: A validated set of infant facial expressions}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0859-9},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Bedard2017,
abstract = {Sublexical phonotactic regularities in language have a major impact on language development, as well as on speech processing and production throughout the entire lifespan. To understand the impact of phonotactic regularities on speech and language functions at the behavioral and neural levels, it is essential to have access to oral language corpora to study these complex phenomena in different languages. Yet, probably because of their complexity, oral language corpora remain less common than written language corpora. This article presents the first corpus and database of spoken Quebec French syllables and phones: SyllabO+. This corpus contains phonetic transcriptions of over 300,000 syllables (over 690,000 phones) extracted from recordings of 184 healthy adult native Quebec French speakers, ranging in age from 20 to 97 years. To ensure the representativeness of the corpus, these recordings were made in both formal and familiar communication contexts. Phonotactic distributional statistics (e.g., syllable and co-occurrence frequencies, percentages, percentile ranks, transition probabilities, and pointwise mutual information) were computed from the corpus. An open-access online application to search the database was developed, and is available at www.speechneurolab.ca/syllabo . In this article, we present a brief overview of the corpus, as well as the syllable and phone databases, and we discuss their practical applications in various fields of research, including cognitive neuroscience, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, experimental psychology, phonetics, and phonology. Nonacademic practical applications are also discussed, including uses in speech-language pathology.},
author = {B{\'{e}}dard, Pascale and Audet, Anne Marie and Drouin, Patrick and Roy, Johanna Pascale and Rivard, Julie and Tremblay, Pascale},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-016-0829-7},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Corpus,Distributional statistics,Oral language,Phones,Phonotactic regularities,Syllable,Transition probabilities},
month = {oct},
number = {5},
pages = {1852--1863},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{SyllabO+: A new tool to study sublexical phenomena in spoken Quebec French}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-016-0829-7},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Marsh2004,
abstract = {Fiction is not always accurate, and this has consequences for readers. In laboratory studies, the reading of short stories led participants to produce story errors as facts on a later test of general knowledge (Marsh, Meade, {\&} Roediger, 2003). The present article describes these story stimuli in detail, so that interested researchers will be able to use the stimuli and change them as needed for particular research projects. This article provides instructions for using the stories and suggestions for modifying them; it is a manual for one way of creating suggestibility. The full set of stories and reading comprehension questions may be downloaded fromwww.psychonomic.org/archive/.},
author = {Marsh, Elizabeth J.},
doi = {10.3758/BF03206546},
issn = {0743-3808},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, {\&} Computers},
month = {nov},
number = {4},
pages = {650--655},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Story stimuli for creating false beliefs about the world}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BF03206546},
volume = {36},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Cardillo2017,
abstract = {As the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor has evolved, so too have the theoretical questions of greatest interest. To keep pace with these developments, in the present study we generated a large set of metaphoric and literal sentence pairs ideally suited to addressing the current methodological and conceptual needs of metaphor researchers. In particular, the need has emerged to distinguish metaphors along three dimensions: the grammatical class of their base terms, the sensorimotor features of their base terms, and the syntactic form in which the base terms appear. To meet this need, we generated nominal metaphors (and matched literal sentences) using entity nouns as the base terms, with the intention that they be used in concert with already published sets of predicate metaphors or nominal metaphors using event nouns. Using the results of three norming experiments, we provide 120 pairs of closely matched metaphoric and literal sentences that are characterized along 14 dimensions: 11 at the sentence level (length, frequency, concreteness, familiarity, naturalness, imageability, figurativeness, interpretability, ease of interpretation, valence, and valence judgment reaction time), and three related to the base term (visual, motion, and auditory imagery). These items extend previously published stimuli, filling an extant gap in metaphor research and allowing for tests of new behavioral and neural hypotheses about metaphor.},
author = {Cardillo, Eileen R. and Watson, Christine and Chatterjee, Anjan},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-016-0717-1},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {471--483},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Stimulus needs are a moving target: 240 additional matched literal and metaphorical sentences for testing neural hypotheses about metaphor}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-016-0717-1},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Alexeeva2017,
abstract = {In this article, we present StimulStat – a lexical database for the Russian language in the form of a web application. The database contains more than 52,000 of the most frequent Russian lemmas and more than 1.7 million word forms derived from them. These lemmas and forms are characterized according to more than 70 properties that were demonstrated to be relevant for psycholinguistic research, including frequency, length, phonological and grammatical properties, orthographic and phonological neighborhood frequency and size, grammatical ambiguity, homonymy and polysemy. Some properties were retrieved from various dictionaries and are presented collectively in a searchable form for the first time, the others were computed specifically for the database. The database can be accessed freely at http://stimul.cognitivestudies.ru. {\textcopyright} 2017, Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
author = {Alexeeva, Svetlana and Slioussar, Natalia and Chernova, Daria},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0994-3},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Frequency,Grammatical properties,Lexical database,Neighborhood,Russian},
month = {dec},
number = {6},
pages = {2305--2315},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{StimulStat: A lexical database for Russian}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0994-3},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Anikin2018,
abstract = {Abstract Voice synthesis is a useful method for investigating the communicative role of different acoustic features. Although many text-to-speech systems are available, researchers of human nonverbal vocalizations and bioacousticians may profit from a dedicated simple tool for synthesizing and manipulating natural-sounding vocalizations. Soundgen (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=soundgen) is an open-source R package that synthesizes nonverbal vocalizations based on meaningful acoustic parameters, which can be specified from the command line or in an interactive app. This tool was validated by comparing the perceived emotion, valence, arousal, and authenticity of 60 recorded human nonverbal vocalizations (screams, moans, laughs, and so on) and their approximate synthetic reproductions. Each synthetic sound was created by manually specifying only a small number of high-level control parameters, such as syllable length and a few anchors for the intonation contour. Nevertheless, the valence and arousal ratings of synthetic sounds were similar to those of the original recordings, and the authenticity ratings were comparable, maintaining parity with the originals for less complex vocalizations. Manipulating the precise acoustic characteristics of synthetic sounds may shed light on the salient predictors of emotion in the human voice. More generally, soundgen may prove useful for any studies that require precise control over the acoustic features of nonspeech sounds, including research on animal vocalizations and auditory perception.},
author = {Anikin, Andrey},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1095-7},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Animal vocalizations,Emotion,Formant synthesis,Nonverbal vocalizations,Open source,Parametric synthesis,Voice synthesis},
month = {jul},
number = {2},
pages = {778--792},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Soundgen: An open-source tool for synthesizing nonverbal vocalizations}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1095-7},
volume = {51},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Diez-Alamo2018,
abstract = {Sensory experience rating (SER) is a recently developed subjective lexical index that reflects the extent to which a word evokes a sensory and/or perceptual experience in a reader (Juhasz {\&} Yap, 2013; Juhasz, Yap, Dicke, Taylor, {\&} Gullick, 2011). In the present study, SERs for a set of 5,500 Spanish words were collected, which makes this the largest set of norms for SER in the Spanish language to date. Additionally, with the aim of further exploring the implications of this new indicator and its relations with other psycholinguistic variables, a variety of correlational and regression analyses are provided. The results showed that SERs significantly correlated with imageability, age of acquisition, and a number of variables related to perception and emotion. In addition, SERs predicted a significant amount of variance in lexical decision times when other variables were controlled.},
author = {D{\'{i}}ez-{\'{A}}lamo, Antonio M. and D{\'{i}}ez, Emiliano and Wojcik, Dominika Zofia and Alonso, Mar{\'{i}}a Angeles and Fernandez, Angel},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1057-0},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
pages = {1--11},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Sensory experience ratings for 5,500 Spanish words}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1057-0},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Chang2017,
abstract = {Words are considered semantically ambiguous if they have more than one meaning and can be used in multiple contexts. A number of recent studies have provided objective ambiguity measures by using a corpus-based approach and have demonstrated ambiguity advantages in both naming and lexical decision tasks. Although the predictive power of objective ambiguity measures has been examined in several alphabetic language systems, the effects in logographic languages remain unclear. Moreover, most ambiguity measures do not explicitly address how the various contexts associated with a given word relate to each other. To explore these issues, we computed the contextual diversity (Adelman, Brown, {\&} Quesada, Psychological Science, 17; 814-823, 2006) and semantic ambiguity (Hoffman, Lambon Ralph, {\&} Rogers, Behavior Research Methods, 45; 718-730, 2013) of traditional Chinese single-character words based on the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus, where contextual diversity was used to evaluate the present semantic space. We then derived a novel ambiguity measure, namely semantic variability, by computing the distance properties of the distinct clusters grouped by the contexts that contained a given word. We demonstrated that semantic variability was superior to semantic diversity in accounting for the variance in naming response times, suggesting that considering the substructure of the various contexts associated with a given word can provide a relatively fine scale of ambiguity information for a word. All of the context and ambiguity measures for 2,418 Chinese single-character words are provided as supplementary materials.},
author = {Chang, Ya-Ning and Lee, Chia-Ying},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0993-4},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {nov},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Semantic ambiguity effects on traditional Chinese character naming: A corpus-based approach}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0993-4},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Laurinavichyute2018,
abstract = {This article introduces a new corpus of eye movements in silent reading—the Russian Sentence Corpus (RSC). Russian uses the Cyrillic script, which has not yet been investigated in cross-linguistic eye movement research. As in every language studied so far, we confirmed the expected effects of low-level parameters, such as word length, frequency, and predictability, on the eye movements of skilled Russian readers. These findings allow us to add Slavic languages using Cyrillic script (exemplified by Russian) to the growing number of languages with different orthographies, ranging from the Roman-based European languages to logographic Asian ones, whose basic eye movement benchmarks conform to the universal comparative science of reading (Share, 2008). We additionally report basic descriptive corpus statistics and three exploratory investigations of the effects of Russian morphology on the basic eye movement measures, which illustrate the kinds of questions that researchers can answer using the RSC. The annotated corpus is freely available from its project page at the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/x5q2r/.},
author = {Laurinavichyute, Anna K. and Sekerina, Irina A. and Alexeeva, Svetlana and Bagdasaryan, Kristine and Kliegl, Reinhold},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1051-6},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
pages = {1--18},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Russian Sentence Corpus: Benchmark measures of eye movements in reading in Russian}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1051-6},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Liu2012,
abstract = {To establish a valid database of vocal emotional stimuli in Mandarin Chinese, a set of Chinese pseudosentences (i.e., semantically meaningless sentences that resembled real Chinese) were produced by four native Mandarin speakers to express seven emotional meanings: anger, disgust, fear, sadness, happiness, pleasant surprise, and neutrality. These expressions were identified by a group of native Mandarin listeners in a seven-alternative forced choice task, and items reaching a recognition rate of at least three times chance performance in the seven-choice task were selected as a valid database and then subjected to acoustic analysis. The results demonstrated expected variations in both perceptual and acoustic patterns of the seven vocal emotions in Mandarin. For instance, fear, anger, sadness, and neutrality were associated with relatively high recognition, whereas happiness, disgust, and pleasant surprise were recognized less accurately. Acoustically, anger and pleasant surprise exhibited relatively high mean f0 values and large variation in f0 and amplitude; in contrast, sadness, disgust, fear, and neutrality exhibited relatively low mean f0 values and small amplitude variations, and happiness exhibited a moderate mean f0 value and f0 variation. Emotional expressions varied systematically in speech rate and harmonics-to-noise ratio values as well. This validated database is available to the research community and will contribute to future studies of emotional prosody for a number of purposes. To access the database, please contact pan.liu@mail.mcgill.ca.},
author = {Liu, Pan and Pell, Marc D.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-012-0203-3},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {dec},
number = {4},
pages = {1042--1051},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Recognizing vocal emotions in Mandarin Chinese: A validated database of Chinese vocal emotional stimuli}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/s13428-012-0203-3},
volume = {44},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Calvo2009,
abstract = {This study aimed to extend the International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Lang, Bradley, {\&} Cuthbert, 2005) norms by obtaining reaction time (RT) normative data for 308 selected photographs. Pictures were presented one at a time for 33, 100, or 250 msec, or under free-time display, to 96 women and 48 men. The participants' task involved assessing the emotional valence of each picture and responding as quickly as possible as to whether it was unpleasant, neutral, or pleasant. RTs provided an index of processing efficiency. The manipulation of display time served to estimate the time course in the valence identification of each picture. Some categories of depicted scenes (e.g., erotica and mutilations) were classified more consistently and efficiently than were others as pleasant or unpleasant. There were minimal differences between men and women. Overall, the present data provide researchers investigating cognition/emotion relationships with an objective criterion to select pictorial stimuli on the basis of RTs. Data for all pictures may be downloaded from brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.},
author = {Calvo, Manuel G. and Avero, Pedro},
doi = {10.3758/BRM.41.1.184},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {184--191},
publisher = {Springer New York},
title = {{Reaction time normative data for the IAPS as a function of display time, gender, and picture content}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/BRM.41.1.184},
volume = {41},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Pavur1974,
abstract = {Mean ratings of graphic distinctiveness were obtained for pairs of consonants. The comparisons were between uppercase forms of different consonants, lowercase forms of different consonants, and uppercase vs lowercase forms of the same consonants. The ratings were demonstrated to have satisfactory reliability and to covary moderately well with feature-component measures of letter-pair distinctiveness.},
author = {Pavur, Edward J. and Kausler, Donald H.},
doi = {10.3758/BF03200279},
issn = {1554-351X},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods {\&} Instrumentation},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {23--26},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Rated graphic distinctiveness of consonants}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BF03200279},
volume = {6},
year = {1974}
}
@article{Smolka2018,
abstract = {A central issue in visual and spoken word recognition is the lexical representation of complex words-in particular, whether the lexical representation of complex words depends on semantic transparency: Is a complex verb like understand lexically represented as a whole word or via its base stand, given that its meaning is not transparent from the meanings of its parts? To study this issue, a number of stimulus characteristics are of interest that are not yet available in public databases of German. This article provides semantic association ratings, lexical paraphrases, and vector-based similarity measures for German verbs, measuring (a) the semantic transparency between 1,259 complex verbs and their bases, (b) the semantic relatedness between 1,109 verb pairs with 432 different bases, and (c) the vector-based similarity measures of 846 verb pairs. Additionally, we include the verb regularity of all verbs and two counts of verb family size for 184 base verbs, as well as estimates of age of acquisition and age of reading for 200 verbs. Together with lemma and type frequencies from public lexical databases, all measures can be downloaded along with this article. Statistical analyses indicate that verb family size, morphological complexity, frequency, and verb regularity affect the semantic transparency and relatedness ratings as well as the age of acquisition estimates, indicating that these are relevant variables in psycholinguistic experiments. Although lexical paraphrases, vector-based similarity measures, and semantic association ratings may deliver complementary information, the interrater reliability of the semantic association ratings for each verb pair provides valuable information when selecting stimuli for psycholinguistic experiments.},
author = {Smolka, Eva and Eulitz, Carsten},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1052-5},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1540--1562},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Psycholinguistic measures for German verb pairs: Semantic transparency, semantic relatedness, verb family size, and age of reading acquisition}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1052-5},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Soares2018,
abstract = {In this article, we present Procura-PALavras (P-PAL), a Web-based interface for a new European Portuguese (EP) lexical database. Based on a contemporary printed corpus of over 227 million words, P-PAL provides a broad range of word attributes and statistics, including several measures of word frequency (e.g., raw counts, per-million word frequency, logarithmic Zipf scale), morpho-syntactic information (e.g., parts of speech [PoSs], grammatical gender and number, dominant PoS, and frequency and relative frequency of the dominant PoS), as well as several lexical and sublexical orthographic (e.g., number of letters; consonant-vowel orthographic structure; density and frequency of orthographic neighbors; orthographic Levenshtein distance; orthographic uniqueness point; orthographic syllabification; and trigram, bigram, and letter type and token frequencies), and phonological measures (e.g., pronunciation, number of phonemes, stress, density and frequency of phonological neighbors, transposed and phonographic neighbors, syllabification, and biphone and phone type and token frequencies) for {\~{}}53,000 lemmatized and {\~{}}208,000 nonlemmatized EP word forms. To obtain these metrics, researchers can choose between two word queries in the application: (i) analyze words previously selected for specific attributes and/or lexical and sublexical characteristics, or (ii) generate word lists that meet word requirements defined by the user in the menu of analyses. For the measures it provides and the flexibility it allows, P-PAL will be a key resource to support research in all cognitive areas that use EP verbal stimuli. P-PAL is freely available at http://p-pal.di.uminho.pt/tools .},
author = {Soares, Ana Paula and Iriarte, {\'{A}}lvaro and de Almeida, Jos{\'{e}} Jo{\~{a}}o and Sim{\~{o}}es, Alberto and Costa, Ana and Machado, Jo{\~{a}}o and Fran{\c{c}}a, Patr{\'{i}}cia and Comesa{\~{n}}a, Montserrat and Rauber, Andreia and Rato, Anabela and Perea, Manuel},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1058-z},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1461--1481},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Procura-PALavras (P-PAL): A Web-based interface for a new European Portuguese lexical database}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1058-z},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Cop2017,
abstract = {This article introduces GECO, the Ghent Eye-Tracking Corpus, a monolingual and bilingual corpus of the eyetracking data of participants reading a complete novel. English monolinguals and Dutch–English bilinguals read an entire novel, which was presented in paragraphs on the screen. The bilinguals read half of the novel in their first language, and the other half in their second language. In this article, we describe the distributions and descriptive statistics of the most important reading time measures for the two groups of participants. This large eyetracking corpus is perfectly suited for both exploratory purposes and more directed hypothesis testing, and it can guide the formulation of ideas and theories about naturalistic reading processes in a meaningful context. Most importantly, this corpus has the potential to evaluate the generalizability of monolingual and bilingual language theories and models to the reading of long texts and narratives. The corpus is freely available at http://expsy.ugent.be/downloads/geco.},
author = {Cop, Uschi and Dirix, Nicolas and Drieghe, Denis and Duyck, Wouter},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-016-0734-0},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {602--615},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Presenting GECO: An eyetracking corpus of monolingual and bilingual sentence reading}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-016-0734-0},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Teh2017,
abstract = {Picture databases are commonly used in experimental work on various aspects of emotion processing. However, existing standardized facial databases, typically used to explore emotion recognition, can be augmented with more contextual information for studying emotion and social perception. Moreover, the perception of social engagement, i.e., the degree of interaction or engagement inferred between the people in target pictures, has not been measured. In this paper, we describe the development of a database comprising 203 black-and-white line drawings depicting people within various situational contexts, and normed on perceived emotional valence, intensity, and social engagement, a new construct. Analyses of ratings collected from 62 young adults (30 females, 32 males; mean age 22 years) revealed the typical quadratic relationship between valence and intensity, i.e., stimuli that are more emotionally charged, whether positively or negatively valenced, are more intense than emotionally-neutral stimuli. Moreover, the results showed significant linear and quadratic relationships between valence and social engagement ratings, indicating that emotionally-charged social scenes were perceived as more engaging than emotionally-neutral social scenes. This new database will facilitate investigations of how people perceive and interpret social and emotional information in everyday interactions, and is offered as a resource to experimenters involved in social and/or emotional processing research.},
author = {Teh, Elizabeth J. and Yap, Melvin J. and Liow, Susan J. Rickard},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0947-x},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{PiSCES: Pictures with social context and emotional scenes with norms for emotional valence, intensity, and social engagement}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0947-x},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Saryazdi2018,
abstract = {The present study provides normative measures for a new stimulus set of images consisting of 225 everyday objects, each depicted both as a photograph and a matched clipart image generated directly from the photograph (450 images total). The clipart images preserve the same scale, shape, orientation, and general color features as the corresponding photographs. Various norms (modal name and verb agreement measures, picture-name agreement, familiarity, visual complexity, and image agreement) were collected separately for each image type and in two different contexts: online (using Mechanical Turk) and in the laboratory. We discuss similarities and differences in the normative measures according to both image type and experimental context. The full set of norms is provided in the supplemental materials.},
author = {Saryazdi, Raheleh and Bannon, Julie and Rodrigues, Agatha and Klammer, Chris and Chambers, Craig G.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1028-5},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {mar},
pages = {1--13},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Picture perfect: A stimulus set of 225 pairs of matched clipart and photographic images normed by Mechanical Turk and laboratory participants}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1028-5},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Brooks1985,
abstract = {Describes software that provides a set of pictorial stimuli prepared for computer presentation circumventing the time-consuming nature of individually drawing pictures on the computer. Access of the stimuli from Microsoft Basic, hardware and software requirements, and availability of the software are discussed.},
author = {Brooks, John O.},
doi = {10.3758/BF03200953},
issn = {0743-3808},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, {\&} Computers},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {409--410},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Pictorial stimuli for the Apple Macintosh computer}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BF03200953},
volume = {17},
year = {1985}
}
@article{Palermo2004,
abstract = {Equal numbers of male and female participants judged which of seven facial expressions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sadness, and surprise) were displayed by a set of 336 faces, and we measured both accuracy and response times. In addition, the participants rated how well the expression was displayed (i.e., the intensity of the expression). These three measures are reported for each face. Sex of the rater did not interact with any of the three measures. However, analyses revealed that some expressions were recognized more accurately in female than in male faces. The full set of these norms may be downloaded fromwww.psychonomic.org/archive/.},
author = {Palermo, Romina and Coltheart, Max},
doi = {10.3758/BF03206544},
issn = {0743-3808},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, {\&} Computers},
month = {nov},
number = {4},
pages = {634--638},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Photographs of facial expression: Accuracy, response times, and ratings of intensity}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BF03206544},
volume = {36},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Vanrie2004,
abstract = {We present a set of stimuli representing human actions under point-light conditions, as seen from different viewpoints. The set contains 22 fairly short, well-delineated, and visually “loopable” actions. For each action, we provide movie files from five different viewpoints as well as a text file with the three spatial coordinates of the point lights, allowing researchers to construct customized versions. The full set of stimuli may be downloaded fromwww.psychonomic.org/archive/.},
author = {Vanrie, Jan and Verfaillie, Karl},
doi = {10.3758/BF03206542},
issn = {0743-3808},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, {\&} Computers},
month = {nov},
number = {4},
pages = {625--629},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Perception of biological motion: A stimulus set of human point-light actions}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BF03206542},
volume = {36},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Dawel2017,
abstract = {In everyday social interactions, people's facial expressions sometimes reflect genuine emotion (e.g., anger in response to a misbehaving child) and sometimes do not (e.g., smiling for a school photo). There is increasing theoretical interest in this distinction, but little is known about perceived emotion genuineness for existing facial expression databases. We present a new method for rating perceived genuineness using a neutral-midpoint scale (-7 = completely fake; 0 = don't know; +7 = completely genuine) that, unlike previous methods, provides data on both relative and absolute perceptions. Normative ratings from typically developing adults for five emotions (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, and happiness) provide three key contributions. First, the widely used Pictures of Facial Affect (PoFA; i.e., "the Ekman faces") and the Radboud Faces Database (RaFD) are typically perceived as not showing genuine emotion. Also, in the only published set for which the actual emotional states of the displayers are known (via self-report; the McLellan faces), percepts of emotion genuineness often do not match actual emotion genuineness. Second, we provide genuine/fake norms for 558 faces from several sources (PoFA, RaFD, KDEF, Gur, FacePlace, McLellan, News media), including a list of 143 stimuli that are event-elicited (rather than posed) and, congruently, perceived as reflecting genuine emotion. Third, using the norms we develop sets of perceived-as-genuine (from event-elicited sources) and perceived-as-fake (from posed sources) stimuli, matched on sex, viewpoint, eye-gaze direction, and rated intensity. We also outline the many types of research questions that these norms and stimulus sets could be used to answer.},
author = {Dawel, Amy and Wright, Luke and Irons, Jessica and Dumbleton, Rachael and Palermo, Romina and O'Kearney, Richard and McKone, Elinor},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-016-0813-2},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1539--1562},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Perceived emotion genuineness: normative ratings for popular facial expression stimuli and the development of perceived-as-genuine and perceived-as-fake sets}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-016-0813-2},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Stadthagen-Gonzalez2017a,
abstract = {The discrete emotion theory proposes that affective experiences can be reduced to a limited set of universal "basic" emotions, most commonly identified as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust. Here we present norms for 10,491 Spanish words for those five discrete emotions collected from a total of 2,010 native speakers, making it the largest set of norms for discrete emotions in any language to date. When used in conjunction with the norms from Hinojosa, Mart{\'{i}}nez-Garc{\'{i}}a et al. (Behavior Research Methods, 48, 272-284, 2016) and Ferr{\'{e}}, Guasch, Mart{\'{i}}nez-Garc{\'{i}}a, Fraga, {\&} Hinojosa (Behavior Research Methods, 49, 1082-1094, 2017), researchers now have access to ratings of discrete emotions for 13,633 Spanish words. Our norms show a high degree of inter-rater reliability and correlate highly with those from Ferr{\'{e}} et al. (2017). Our exploration of the relationship between the five discrete emotions and relevant lexical and emotional variables confirmed findings of previous studies conducted with smaller datasets. The availability of such large set of norms will greatly facilitate the study of emotion, language and related fields. The norms are available as supplementary materials to this article.},
author = {Stadthagen-Gonz{\'{a}}lez, Hans and Ferr{\'{e}}, Pilar and P{\'{e}}rez-S{\'{a}}nchez, Miguel A. and Imbault, Constance and Hinojosa, Jos{\'{e}} Antonio},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0962-y},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {sep},
pages = {1--10},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Norms for 10,491 Spanish words for five discrete emotions: Happiness, disgust, anger, fear, and sadness}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0962-y},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Featherstone2012,
abstract = {Research into similarities between music and language processing is currently experiencing a strong renewed interest. Recent methodological advances have led to neuroimaging studies presenting striking similarities between neural patterns associated with the processing of music and language--notably, in the study of participants' responses to elements that are incongruous with their musical or linguistic context. Responding to a call for greater systematicity by leading researchers in the field of music and language psychology, this article describes the creation, selection, and validation of a set of auditory stimuli in which both congruence and resolution were manipulated in equivalent ways across harmony, rhythm, semantics, and syntax. Three conditions were created by changing the contexts preceding and following musical and linguistic incongruities originally used for effect by authors and composers: Stimuli in the incongruous-resolved condition reproduced the original incongruity and resolution into the same context; stimuli in the incongruous-unresolved condition reproduced the incongruity but continued postincongruity with a new context dictated by the incongruity; and stimuli in the congruous condition presented the same element of interest, but the entire context was adapted to match it so that it was no longer incongruous. The manipulations described in this article rendered unrecognizable the original incongruities from which the stimuli were adapted, while maintaining ecological validity. The norming procedure and validation study resulted in a significant increase in perceived oddity from congruous to incongruous-resolved and from incongruous-resolved to incongruous-unresolved in all four components of music and language, making this set of stimuli a theoretically grounded and empirically validated resource for this growing area of research.},
author = {Featherstone, Cara R. and Waterman, Mitch G. and Morrison, Catriona M.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-011-0137-1},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {81--94},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Norming the odd: Creation, norming, and validation of a stimulus set for the study of incongruities across music and language}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/s13428-011-0137-1},
volume = {44},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Galambos1983,
abstract = {Six dimensions that are relevant to our knowledge of common activities are introduced and quantified. Twelve component actions in each of 30 activities were chosen. Two of the dimensions examined were the familiarity and frequency of performance of the activities themselves. The other four dimensions—sequence, centrality, distinctiveness, and standardness—are characteristics of the actions within the activities. There was high agreement among subjects on the norms for each dimension. Correlational analyses demonstrate the possibility of choosing actions in such a way as to compare different levels of the dimensions as factors in controlled experiments. The importance of considering these dimensions in interpretations of script or schema experiments is stressed.},
author = {Galambos, James A.},
doi = {10.3758/BF03203654},
issn = {1554-351X},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods {\&} Instrumentation},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {327--340},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Normative studies of six characteristics of our knowledge of common activities}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BF03203654},
volume = {15},
year = {1983}
}
@article{Diez-Alamo2018a,
abstract = {Subjective ratings of perceptual and motor attributes were obtained for a set of 750 concrete concepts in Spanish by requiring scale-based judgments from a sample of university students (N = 539). Following on the work of Amsel, Urbach, and Kutas (2012), the seven attributes were color, motion, sound, smell, taste, graspability, and pain. Normative data based on the obtained ratings are provided as a tool for future investigations. Additionally, the relationships of these attributes to other lexical dimensions (e.g., familiarity, frequency, concreteness) and the factorial organization of concepts around the main components were analyzed. The pattern of results is consistent with prior findings that highlight the relevance of dimensions related to survival as being crucially involved in conceptual processing.},
author = {D{\'{i}}ez-{\'{A}}lamo, Antonio M. and D{\'{i}}ez, Emiliano and Alonso, Mar{\'{i}}a {\'{A}}ngeles and Vargas, C. Alejandra and Fernandez, Angel},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0970-y},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1632--1644},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Normative ratings for perceptual and motor attributes of 750 object concepts in Spanish}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0970-y},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Rossion2018,
abstract = {We report normative data from a large (N = 307) sample of young adult participants tested with a computerized version of the long form of the classical Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT; Benton {\&} Van Allen, 1968). The BFRT-c requires participants to match a target face photograph to either one or three of six face photographs presented simultaneously. We found that the percent accuracy on the BFRT-c (81{\%}-83{\%}) was below ceiling yet well above chance level, with little interindividual variance in this typical population sample, two important aspects of a sensitive clinical test. Although the split-half reliability on response accuracy was relatively low, due to the large variability in difficulty across items, the correct response times measured in this version-completed in 3 min, on average-provide a reliable and critical complementary measure of performance at individual unfamiliar-face matching. In line with previous observations from other measures, females outperformed male participants at the BFRT-c, especially for female faces. In general, performance was also lower following lighting changes than following head rotations, in line with previous studies that have emphasized participants' limited ability to match pictures of unfamiliar faces with important variations in illumination. Overall, this normative data set supports the validity of the BFRT-c as a key component of a battery of tests to identify clinical impairments in individual face recognition, such as observed in acquired prosopagnosia. However, this analysis strongly recommends that researchers consider the full test results: Beyond global indexes of performance based on accuracy rates only, they should consider the time taken to match individual faces as well as the variability in performance across items.},
author = {Rossion, Bruno and Michel, Caroline},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1023-x},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {mar},
pages = {1--19},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Normative accuracy and response time data for the computerized Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT-c)}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1023-x},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Pham2018,
abstract = {Nonword repetition (NWR) has been a widely used measure of language-learning ability in children with and without language disorders. Although NWR tasks have been created for a variety of languages, minimal attention has been given to Asian tonal languages. This study introduces a new set of NWR stimuli for Vietnamese. The stimuli include 20 items ranging in length from one to four syllables. The items consist of dialect-neutral phonemes in consonant-vowel (CV) and CVC sequences that follow the phonotactic constraints of the language. They were rated high on wordlikeness and have comparable position segments and biphone probabilities across stimulus lengths. We validated the stimuli with a sample of 59 typically developing Vietnamese-English bilingual children, ages 5 to 8. The stimuli exhibited the expected age and length effects commonly found in NWR tasks: Older children performed better on the task than younger children, and longer items were more difficult to repeat than shorter items. We also compared different scoring systems in order to examine the individual phoneme types (consonants, vowels, and tones) and composite scores (proportions of phonemes correct, with and without tone). The study demonstrates careful construction and validation of the stimuli, and future directions are discussed.},
author = {Pham, Giang and Ebert, Kerry Danahy and Dinh, Kristine Thuy and Dam, Quynh},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1049-0},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1311--1326},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Nonword repetition stimuli for Vietnamese-speaking children}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1049-0},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Anikin2017,
abstract = {This study introduces a corpus of 260 naturalistic human nonlinguistic vocalizations representing nine emotions: amusement, anger, disgust, effort, fear, joy, pain, pleasure, and sadness. The recognition accuracy in a rating task varied greatly per emotion, from {\textless}40{\{}{\%}{\}} for joy and pain, to {\textgreater}70{\{}{\%}{\}} for amusement, pleasure, fear, and sadness. In contrast, the raters' linguistic--cultural group had no effect on recognition accuracy: The predominantly English-language corpus was classified with similar accuracies by participants from Brazil, Russia, Sweden, and the UK/USA. Supervised random forest models classified the sounds as accurately as the human raters. The best acoustic predictors of emotion were pitch, harmonicity, and the spacing and regularity of syllables. This corpus of ecologically valid emotional vocalizations can be filtered to include only sounds with high recognition rates, in order to study reactions to emotional stimuli of known perceptual types (reception side), or can be used in its entirety to study the association between affective states and vocal expressions (production side).},
author = {Anikin, Andrey and Persson, Tomas},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-016-0736-y},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Acoustic analysis,Emotion,Naturalistic vocalizations,Nonlinguistic vocalizations},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {758--771},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Nonlinguistic vocalizations from online amateur videos for emotion research: A validated corpus}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-016-0736-y},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Tamaoka2004,
abstract = {On the basis of calculations using the latest lexical database produced by Amano and Kondo (2000), the fourth edition of a Web-accessible database of characteristics of the 1,945 basic Japanese kanji was produced by including the mathematical concepts of entropy, redundancy, and symmetry and by replacing selected indexes found in previous editions (Tamaoka, Kirsner, Yanase, Miyaoka, {\&} Kawakami, 2002). The kanji database in the fourth edition introduces seven new figures for kanji characteristics: (1) printed frequency, (2) lexical productivity, (3) accumulative lexical productivity, (4) symmetry for lexical productivity, (5) entropy, (6) redundancy, and (7) numbers of meanings for On-readings and Kun-readings. The file of the fourth edition of the kanji database may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society Web archive, http://www.psychonomics.org/archive/.},
author = {Tamaoka, Katsuo and Makioka, Shogo},
doi = {10.3758/BF03195601},
issn = {0743-3808},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, {\&} Computers},
month = {aug},
number = {3},
pages = {548--558},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{New figures for a Web-accessible database of the 1,945 basic Japanese kanji, fourth edition}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BF03195601},
volume = {36},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Sanchez-Gutierrez2018,
abstract = {Most of the new words a reader will find are morphologically complex. Also, theoretical models of language processing propose that morphology plays an important role in visual word processing. Nevertheless, studies on the subject show contradicting results that are difficult to reconcile. One factor that may explain this is the lack of a sizeable and reliable morphological database. As a consequence, there are enormous methodological differences in the way the values for morphological variables are calculated across studies. We present a sizeable and freely available database with six new variables for affixes and three for roots for 68,624 words from the English Lexicon Project. We further studied by means of regression models the influence of these new variables on the lexical decision latencies of 4,724 morphologically complex nouns that included one root and one suffix. Results showed that root frequency and suffix length had a facilitatory effect, whereas the percentage of more frequent words in the morphological family of the suffix had an inhibitory effect on latencies. After controlling for collinearity, root family size, suffix family size, suffix P*, and suffix frequency also had facilitatory effects. These results shed new light on the importance of suffix length and the frequency of the lexical competitors of the family of a suffix. This database represents a valuable resource for studies on the effect of morphology in visual word processing in English and can be found at https://github.com/hugomailhot/MorphoLex-en .},
author = {S{\'{a}}nchez-Guti{\'{e}}rrez, Claudia H. and Mailhot, Hugo and Deacon, S. H{\'{e}}l{\`{e}}ne and Wilson, Maximiliano A.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0981-8},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1568--1580},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{MorphoLex: A derivational morphological database for 70,000 English words}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0981-8},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Lynott2009,
abstract = {Recent work has shown that people routinely use perceptual information during language comprehension and conceptual processing, from single-word recognition to modality-switching costs in property verification. In investigating such links between perceptual and conceptual representations, the use of modality-specific stimuli plays a central role. To aid researchers working in this area, we provide a set of norms for 423 adjectives, each describing an object property, with mean ratings of how strongly that property is experienced through each of five perceptual modalities (visual, haptic, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory). The data set also contains estimates of modality exclusivity—that is, a measure of the extent to which a particular property may be considered unimodal (i.e., perceived through one sense alone). Although there already exists a number of sets of word and object norms, we provide the first set to categorize words describing object properties along the dimensions of the five perceptual modalities. We hope that the norms will be of use to researchers working at the interface between linguistic, conceptual, and perceptual systems. The modality exclusivity norms may be downloaded as supplemental materials for this article from brm.psychonomic-journals.org/ content/supplemental.},
author = {Lynott, Dermot and Connell, Louise},
doi = {10.3758/BRM.41.2.558},
issn = {1554-351X},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {may},
number = {2},
pages = {558--564},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Modality exclusivity norms for 423 object properties}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BRM.41.2.558},
volume = {41},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Pinheiro2017,
abstract = {During social communication, words and sentences play a critical role in the expression of emotional meaning. The Minho Affective Sentences (MAS) were developed to respond to the lack of a standardized sentence battery with normative affective ratings: 192 neutral, positive, and negative declarative sentences were strictly controlled for psycholinguistic variables such as numbers of words and letters and per-million word frequency. The sentences were designed to represent examples of each of the five basic emotions (anger, sadness, disgust, fear, and happiness) and of neutral situations. These sentences were presented to 536 participants who rated the stimuli using both dimensional and categorical measures of emotions. Sex differences were also explored. Additionally, we probed how personality, empathy, and mood from a subset of 40 participants modulated the affective ratings. Our results confirmed that the MAS affective norms are valid measures to guide the selection of stimuli for experimental studies of emotion. The combination of dimensional and categorical ratings provided a more fine-grained characterization of the affective properties of the sentences. Moreover, the affective ratings of positive and negative sentences were not only modulated by participants' sex, but also by individual differences in empathy and mood state. Together, our results indicate that, in their quest to reveal the neurofunctional underpinnings of verbal emotional processing, researchers should consider not only the role of sex, but also of interindividual differences in empathy and mood states, in responses to the emotional meaning of sentences.},
author = {Pinheiro, Ana P. and Dias, Marcelo and Pedrosa, Jo{\~{a}}o and Soares, Ana P.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-016-0726-0},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {698--716},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Minho Affective Sentences (MAS): Probing the roles of sex, mood, and empathy in affective ratings of verbal stimuli}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-016-0726-0},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Lloyd2018,
abstract = {In the present work, we introduce the Miami University Deception Detection Database (MU3D), a free resource containing 320 videos of target individuals telling truths and lies. Eighty (20 Black female, 20 Black male, 20 White female, and 20 White male) different targets were recorded speaking honestly and dishonestly about their social relationships. Each target generated four different videos (i.e., positive truth, negative truth, positive lie, negative lie), yielding 320 videos fully crossing target race, target gender, statement valence, and statement veracity. These videos were transcribed by trained research assistants and evaluated by na{\"{i}}ve raters. Descriptive analyses of the video characteristics (e.g., length) and subjective ratings (e.g., target attractiveness) are provided. The stimuli and an information codebook can be accessed free of charge for academic research purposes from http://hdl.handle.net/2374.MIA/6067. The MU3D offers scholars the ability to conduct research using standardized stimuli that can aid in building more comprehensive theories of interpersonal sensitivity, enhance replication among labs, facilitate the use of signal detection analyses, and promote consideration of race, gender, and their interactive effects in deception detection research.},
author = {Lloyd, E. Paige and Deska, Jason C. and Hugenberg, Kurt and McConnell, Allen R. and Humphrey, Brandon T. and Kunstman, Jonathan W.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1061-4},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
pages = {1--11},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Miami University deception detection database}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1061-4},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Tsang2017,
abstract = {Here we report on MELD-SCH (MEgastudy of Lexical Decision in Simplified CHinese), a dataset that contains the lexical decision data of 1,020 one-character, 10,022 two-character, 949 three-character, and 587 four-character simplified Chinese words obtained from 504 native Chinese users. It also includes a number of word-level and character-level variables. Analyses showed that the reliability of the dataset is satisfactory, as indicated by split-half correlations and comparisons with other datasets. Item-based regression showed that both word-level and character-level variables contributed significantly to the reaction times and error rates of lexical decision. Moreover, we discovered a U-shape relationship between word-length and reaction times, which has not been reported in Chinese before. MELD-SCH can facilitate research in Chinese word recognition by providing high quality normative data and information of different linguistic variables. It also encourages researchers to extend their empirical findings, which are mostly based on one-character and two-character words, to words of different lengths.},
author = {Tsang, Yiu-Kei and Huang, Jian and Lui, Ming and Xue, Mingfeng and Chan, Yin-Wah Fiona and Wang, Suiping and Chen, Hsuan-Chih},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0944-0},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--15},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{MELD-SCH: A megastudy of lexical decision in simplified Chinese}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0944-0},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Ferrand2018,
abstract = {Using the megastudy approach, we report a new database (MEGALEX) of visual and auditory lexical decision times and accuracy rates for tens of thousands of words. We collected visual lexical decision data for 28,466 French words and the same number of pseudowords, and auditory lexical decision data for 17,876 French words and the same number of pseudowords (synthesized tokens were used for the auditory modality). This constitutes the first large-scale database for auditory lexical decision, and the first database to enable a direct comparison of word recognition in different modalities. Different regression analyses were conducted to illustrate potential ways to exploit this megastudy database. First, we compared the proportions of variance accounted for by five word frequency measures. Second, we conducted item-level regression analyses to examine the relative importance of the lexical variables influencing performance in the different modalities (visual and auditory). Finally, we compared the similarities and differences between the two modalities. All data are freely available on our website ( https://sedufau.shinyapps.io/megalex/ ) and are searchable at www.lexique.org , inside the Open Lexique search engine.},
author = {Ferrand, Ludovic and M{\'{e}}ot, Alain and Spinelli, Elsa and New, Boris and Pallier, Christophe and Bonin, Patrick and Dufau, St{\'{e}}phane and Math{\^{o}}t, Sebastiaan and Grainger, Jonathan},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0943-1},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
number = {3},
pages = {1285--1307},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{MEGALEX: A megastudy of visual and auditory word recognition}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0943-1},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Rodrigues2018,
abstract = {The use of emoticons and emoji is increasingly popular across a variety of new platforms of online communication. They have also become popular as stimulus materials in scientific research. However, the assumption that emoji/emoticon users' interpretations always correspond to the developers'/researchers' intended meanings might be misleading. This article presents subjective norms of emoji and emoticons provided by everyday users. The Lisbon Emoji and Emoticon Database (LEED) comprises 238 stimuli: 85 emoticons and 153 emoji (collected from iOS, Android, Facebook, and Emojipedia). The sample included 505 Portuguese participants recruited online. Each participant evaluated a random subset of 20 stimuli for seven dimensions: aesthetic appeal, familiarity, visual complexity, concreteness, valence, arousal, and meaningfulness. Participants were additionally asked to attribute a meaning to each stimulus. The norms obtained include quantitative descriptive results (means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals) and a meaning analysis for each stimulus. We also examined the correlations between the dimensions and tested for differences between emoticons and emoji, as well as between the two major operating systems-Android and iOS. The LEED constitutes a readily available normative database (available at www.osf.io/nua4x ) with potential applications to different research domains.},
author = {Rodrigues, David and Prada, Mar{\'{i}}lia and Gaspar, Rui and Garrido, Margarida V. and Lopes, Diniz},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0878-6},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {392--405},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Lisbon Emoji and Emoticon Database (LEED): Norms for emoji and emoticons in seven evaluative dimensions}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0878-6},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Kurdi2017,
abstract = {We introduce the Open Affective Standardized Image Set (OASIS), an open-access online stimulus set containing 900 color images depicting a broad spectrum of themes, including humans, animals, objects, and scenes, along with normative ratings on two affective dimensions-valence (i.e., the degree of positive or negative affective response that the image evokes) and arousal (i.e., the intensity of the affective response that the image evokes). The OASIS images were collected from online sources, and valence and arousal ratings were obtained in an online study (total N = 822). The valence and arousal ratings covered much of the circumplex space and were highly reliable and consistent across gender groups. OASIS has four advantages: (a) the stimulus set contains a large number of images in four categories; (b) the data were collected in 2015, and thus OASIS features more current images and reflects more current ratings of valence and arousal than do existing stimulus sets; (c) the OASIS database affords users the ability to interactively explore images by category and ratings; and, most critically, (d) OASIS allows for free use of the images in online and offline research studies, as they are not subject to the copyright restrictions that apply to the International Affective Picture System. The OASIS images, along with normative valence and arousal ratings, are available for download from www.benedekkurdi.com/{\#}oasis or https://db.tt/yYTZYCga .},
author = {Kurdi, Benedek and Lozano, Shayn and Banaji, Mahzarin R.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-016-0715-3},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {457--470},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Introducing the Open Affective Standardized Image Set (OASIS)}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-016-0715-3},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Engelthaler2018,
abstract = {Humor ratings are provided for 4,997 English words collected from 821 participants using an online crowd-sourcing platform. Each participant rated 211 words on a scale from 1 (humorless) to 5 (humorous). To provide for comparisons across norms, words were chosen from a set common to a number of previously collected norms (e.g., arousal, valence, dominance, concreteness, age of acquisition, and reaction time). The complete dataset provides researchers with a list of humor ratings and includes information on gender, age, and educational differences. Results of analyses show that the ratings have reliability on a par with previous ratings and are not well predicted by existing norms.},
author = {Engelthaler, Tomas and Hills, Thomas T.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0930-6},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
number = {3},
pages = {1116--1124},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Humor norms for 4,997 English words}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0930-6},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Khwaileh2018,
abstract = {Standardized pictorial stimuli and predictors of successful picture naming are not readily available for Gulf Arabic. On the basis of data obtained from Qatari Arabic, a variety of Gulf Arabic, the present study provides norms for a set of 319 object pictures and a set of 141 action pictures. Norms were collected from healthy speakers, using a picture-naming paradigm and rating tasks. Norms for naming latencies, name agreement, visual complexity, image agreement, imageability, age of acquisition, and familiarity were established. Furthermore, the database includes other intrinsic factors, such as syllable length and phoneme length. It also includes orthographic frequency values (extracted from Aralex; Boudelaa {\&} Marslen-Wilson, 2010). These factors were then examined for their impact on picture-naming latencies in object- and action-naming tasks. The analysis showed that the primary determinants of naming latencies in both nouns and verbs are (in descending order) image agreement, name agreement, familiarity, age of acquisition, and imageability. These results indicate no evidence that noun- and verb-naming processes in Gulf Arabic are influenced in different ways by these variables. This is the first database for Gulf Arabic, and therefore the norms collected from the present study will be of paramount importance for researchers and clinicians working with speakers of this variety of Arabic. Due to the similarity of the Arabic varieties spoken in the Gulf, these different varieties are grouped together under the label "Gulf Arabic" in the literature. The normative databases and the standardized pictures from this study can be downloaded from http://qufaculty.qu.edu.qa/tariq-khwaileh/download-center/ .},
author = {Khwaileh, Tariq and Mustafawi, Eiman and Herbert, Ruth and Howard, David},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1019-6},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
pages = {1--18},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Gulf Arabic nouns and verbs: A standardized set of 319 object pictures and 141 action pictures, with predictors of naming latencies}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1019-6},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Chang2018,
abstract = {We report a new multidimensional measure of visual complexity (GraphCom) that captures variability in the complexity of graphs within and across writing systems. We applied the measure to 131 written languages, allowing comparisons of complexity and providing a basis for empirical testing of GraphCom. The measure includes four dimensions whose value in capturing the different visual properties of graphs had been demonstrated in prior reading research—(1) perimetric complexity, sensitive to the ratio of a written form to its surrounding white space (Pelli, Burns, Farell, {\&} Moore-Page, 2006); (2) number of disconnected components, sensitive to discontinuity (Gibson, 1969); (3) number of connected points, sensitive to continuity (Lanthier, Risko, Stolz, {\&} Besner, 2009); and (4) number of simple features, sensitive to the strokes that compose graphs (Wu, Zhou, {\&} Shu, 1999). In our analysis of the complexity of 21,550 graphs, we (a) determined the complexity variation across writing systems along each dimension, (b) examined the relationships among complexity patterns within and across writing systems, and (c) compared the dimensions in their abilities to differentiate the graphs from different writing systems, in order to predict human perceptual judgments (n = 180) of graphs with varying complexity. The results from the computational and experimental comparisons showed that GraphCom provides a measure of graphic complexity that exceeds previous measures in its empirical validation. The measure can be universally applied across writing systems, providing a research tool for studies of reading and writing.},
author = {Chang, Li-Yun and Chen, Yen-Chi and Perfetti, Charles A.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0881-y},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {427--449},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{GraphCom: A multidimensional measure of graphic complexity applied to 131 written languages}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0881-y},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Aussems2018,
abstract = {Human locomotion is a fundamental class of events, and manners of locomotion (e.g., how the limbs are used to achieve a change of location) are commonly encoded in language and gesture. To our knowledge, there is no openly accessible database containing normed human locomotion stimuli. Therefore, we introduce the GestuRe and ACtion Exemplar (GRACE) video database, which contains 676 videos of actors performing novel manners of human locomotion (i.e., moving from one location to another in an unusual manner) and videos of a female actor producing iconic gestures that represent these actions. The usefulness of the database was demonstrated across four norming experiments. First, our database contains clear matches and mismatches between iconic gesture videos and action videos. Second, the male actors and female actors whose action videos matched the gestures in the best possible way, perform the same actions in very similar manners and different actions in highly distinct manners. Third, all the actions in the database are distinct from each other. Fourth, adult native English speakers were unable to describe the 26 different actions concisely, indicating that the actions are unusual. This normed stimuli set is useful for experimental psychologists working in the language, gesture, visual perception, categorization, memory, and other related domains.},
author = {Aussems, Suzanne and Kwok, Natasha and Kita, Sotaro},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0942-2},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
number = {3},
pages = {1270--1284},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{GestuRe and ACtion Exemplar (GRACE) video database: stimuli for research on manners of human locomotion and iconic gestures}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0942-2},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Calvo2008,
abstract = {Participants judged which of seven facial expressions (neutrality, happiness, anger, sadness, surprise, fear, and disgust) were displayed by a set of 280 faces corresponding to 20 female and 20 male models of the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database (Lundqvist, Flykt, {\&} {\"{O}}hman, 1998). Each face was presented under free-viewing conditions (to 63 participants) and also for 25, SO, 100, 250, and 500 msec (to 160 participants), to examine identification thresholds. Measures of identification accuracy, types of errors, and reaction times were obtained for each expression. In general, happy faces were identified more accurately, earlier, and faster than other faces, whereas judgments of fearful faces were the least accurate, the latest, and the slowest. Norms for each face and expression regarding level of identification accuracy, errors, and reaction times may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.},
author = {Calvo, Manuel G. and Lundqvist, Daniel},
doi = {10.3758/BRM.40.1.109},
issn = {1554-351X},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {109--115},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Facial expressions of emotion (KDEF): Identification under different display-duration conditions}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BRM.40.1.109},
volume = {40},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Ebner2010,
abstract = {Faces are widely used as stimuli in various research fields. Interest in emotion-related differences and age-associated changes in the processing of faces is growing. With the aim of systematically varying both expression and age of the face, we created FACES, a database comprising N = 171 naturalistic faces of young, middle-aged, and older women and men. Each face is represented with two sets of six facial expressions (neutrality, sadness, disgust, fear, anger, and happiness), resulting in 2,052 individual images. A total of N = 154 young, middle-aged, and older women and men rated the faces in terms of facial expression and perceived age. With its large age range of faces displaying different expressions, FACES is well suited for investigating developmental and other research questions on emotion, motivation, and cognition, as well as their interactions. Information on using FACES for research purposes can be found at http://faces.mpib-berlin.mpg.de.},
author = {Ebner, Natalie C. and Riediger, Michaela and Lindenberger, Ulman},
doi = {10.3758/BRM.42.1.351},
issn = {1554-351X},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {351--362},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BRM.42.1.351},
volume = {42},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Fraga2018,
abstract = {We present here emoFinder ( http://usc.es/pcc/emofinder ), a Web-based search engine for Spanish word properties taken from different normative databases. The tool incorporates several subjective word properties for 16,375 distinct words. Although it focuses particularly on normative ratings for emotional dimensions (e.g., valence and arousal) and discrete emotional categories (fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness), it also makes available ratings for other word properties that are known to affect word processing (e.g., concreteness, familiarity, contextual availability, and age of acquisition). The tool provides two main functionalities: Users can search for words matched on specific criteria with regard to the selected properties, or users can obtain the properties for a set of words. The output from emoFinder is highly customizable and can be accessed online or exported to a computer. The tool architecture is easily scalable, so that it can be updated to include word properties from new Spanish normative databases as they become available.},
author = {Fraga, Isabel and Guasch, Marc and Haro, Juan and Padr{\'{o}}n, Isabel and Ferr{\'{e}}, Pilar},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-1006-3},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Emotional words,Normative databases,Spanish,Subjective ratings,Web-based search engine},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {84--93},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{EmoFinder: The meeting point for Spanish emotional words}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-1006-3},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Roest2017,
abstract = {This article provides norms for general taboo, personal taboo, insult, valence, and arousal for 672 Dutch words, including 202 taboo words. Norms were collected using a 7-point Likert scale and based on ratings by psychology students from the Erasmus University Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The sample consisted of 87 psychology students (58 females, 29 males). We obtained high reliability based on split-half analyses. Our norms show high correlations with arousal and valence ratings collected by another Dutch word-norms study (Moors et al.,, Behavior Research Methods, 45, 169-177, 2013). Our results show that the previously found qua-dratic relation (i.e., U-shaped pattern) between valence and arousal also holds when only taboo words are considered. Additionally, words rated high on taboo tended to be rated low on valence, but some words related to sex rated high on both taboo and valence. Words that rated high on taboo rated high on insult, again with the exception of words related to sex many of which rated low on insult. Finally, words rated high on taboo and insult rated high on arousal. The Dutch Taboo Norms (DTN) database is a useful tool for researchers interested in the effects of taboo words on cognitive processing. The data associated with this paper can be accessed via the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/vk782/).},
author = {Roest, Sander A and Visser, Tessa A and Zeelenberg, Ren{\'{e}}},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0890-x},
keywords = {Arousal ratings,Emotion,Lexical norms,Taboo ratings,Valence ratings},
title = {{Dutch taboo norms}},
url = {https://osf.io/vk782/},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Briesemeister2011,
abstract = {The Berlin Affective Word List (BAWL, V{\~{o}}, Jacobs, {\&} Conrad, Behavior Research Methods, 35, 606-609, 2006) and the BAWL-R (V{\~{o}} et al. in Behavior Research Methods 38, 606-609, 2009) are two commonly used lists to investigate affective properties of German words. The two-dimensional valence and arousal model of affect underlying the BAWL is traditionally contrasted with models describing affect in discrete emotional categories, which, however, are not currently incorporated in the BAWL. In order to allow future studies to investigate affective processing from both perspectives--or to directly compare them--in the present study, we collected data by assigning nouns taken from the BAWL-R to discrete emotion intensities, which in turn allowed the assignment to discrete emotion categories. In the study, we present Discrete Emotion Norms for Nouns-Berlin Affective Word List (DENN-BAWL). Using these ratings and the psycholinguistic indexes from the BAWL-R, the DENN-BAWL allows researchers to design experiments using highly controlled and reliable word material. Data have been archived at www.fu-berlin.de/allgpsy/DENN-BAWL.},
author = {Briesemeister, Benny B. and Kuchinke, Lars and Jacobs, Arthur M.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-011-0059-y},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
number = {2},
pages = {441--448},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Discrete emotion norms for nouns: Berlin affective word list (DENN–BAWL)}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/s13428-011-0059-y},
volume = {43},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Pham2008,
abstract = {This article has two primary aims. The first is to introduce a new Vietnamese text-based corpus. The Corpora of Vietnamese Texts (CVT; Tang, 2006a) consists of approximately 1 million words drawn from newspapers and children's literature, and is available online at www.vnspeechtherapy.com/vi/CVT. The second aim is to investigate potential differences in lexical frequency and distributional characteristics in the CVT on the basis of place of publication (Vietnam or Western countries) and intended audience: adult-directed texts (newspapers) or child-directed texts (children's literature). We found clear differences between adult- and child-directed texts, particularly in the distributional frequencies of pronouns or kinship terms, which were more frequent in children's literature. Within child- and adult-directed texts, lexical characteristics did not differ on the basis of place of publication. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.},
author = {Pham, Giang and Kohnert, Kathryn and Carney, Edward},
doi = {10.3758/BRM.40.1.154},
issn = {1554-351X},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {154--163},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{Corpora of Vietnamese Texts: Lexical effects of intended audience and publication place}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.3758/BRM.40.1.154},
volume = {40},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Bonin2018,
abstract = {Words that correspond to a potential sensory experience-concrete words-have long been found to possess a processing advantage over abstract words in various lexical tasks. We collected norms of concreteness for a set of 1,659 French words, together with other psycholinguistic norms that were not available for these words-context availability, emotional valence, and arousal-but which are important if we are to achieve a better understanding of the meaning of concreteness effects. We then investigated the relationships of concreteness with these newly collected variables, together with other psycholinguistic variables that were already available for this set of words (e.g., imageability, age of acquisition, and sensory experience ratings). Finally, thanks to the variety of psychological norms available for this set of words, we decided to test further the embodied account of concreteness effects in visual-word recognition, championed by Kousta, Vigliocco, Vinson, Andrews, and Del Campo (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140, 14-34, 2011). Similarly, we investigated the influences of concreteness in three word recognition tasks-lexical decision, progressive demasking, and word naming-using a multiple regression approach, based on the reaction times available in Chronolex (Ferrand, Brysbaert, Keuleers, New, Bonin, M{\'{e}}ot, Pallier, Frontiers in Psychology, 2; 306, 2011). The norms can be downloaded as supplementary material provided with this article.},
author = {Bonin, Patrick and M{\'{e}}ot, Alain and Bugaiska, Aur{\'{e}}lia},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1014-y},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {feb},
pages = {1--22},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Concreteness norms for 1,659 French words: Relationships with other psycholinguistic variables and word recognition times}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1014-y},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Olteteanu2017,
abstract = {The Remote Associates Test (RAT) has been used to measure creativity, however few repositories or standardizations of test items exist, like the normative data on 144 items provided by Bowden and Jung-Beeman. comRAT is a computational solver which has been used to solve the compound RAT in linguistic and visual forms, showing correlation to human performance over the normative data provided by Bowden and Jung-Beeman. This paper describes using a variant of comRAT, comRAT-G, to generate and construct a repository of compound RAT items for use in the cognitive psychology and cognitive modelling community. Around 17 million compound Remote Associates Test items are created from nouns alone, aiming to provide control over (i) frequency of occurrence of query items, (ii) answer items, (iii) the probability of coming up with an answer, (iv) keeping one or more query items constant and (v) keeping the answer constant. Queries produced by comRAT-G are evaluated in a study in comparison with queries from the normative dataset of Bowden and Jung-Beeman, showing that comRAT-G queries are similar to the established query set.},
author = {Olteţeanu, Ana-Maria and Schultheis, Holger and Dyer, Jonathan B.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0965-8},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {dec},
pages = {1--10},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Computationally constructing a repository of compound remote associates test items in American English with comRAT-G}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0965-8},
year = {2017}
}
@misc{Sun,
abstract = {We present the Chinese Lexical Database (CLD): a large-scale lexical database for simplified Chi- nese. The CLD provides a wealth of lexical information for 3,913 one-character words, 34,233 two-character words, 7,143 three-character words, and 3,355 four- character words, and is publicly available through http://www.chineselexicaldatabase.com. For each of the 48,644 words in the CLD, we provide a wide range of categorical predictors, as well as an extensive set of frequency measures, complexity measures, neigh- borhood density measures, orthography-phonology con- sistency measures, and information-theoretic measures. We evaluate the explanatory power of the lexical vari- ables in the CLD in the context of experimental data through analyses of lexical decision latencies for one-character, two-character, three-character and four- character words, as well as word naming latencies for one-character and two-character words. The results of these analyses are discussed.},
author = {Sun, Ching Chu and Hendrix, Peter and Ma, Jianqiang and Baayen, Rolf Harald},
booktitle = {Behavior Research Methods},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1038-3},
issn = {15543528},
keywords = {CLD,Chinese lexical database,Lexical database,Mandarin Chinese,Simplified Chinese},
month = {jun},
pages = {1--24},
title = {{Chinese lexical database (CLD): A large-scale lexical database for simplified Mandarin Chinese}},
url = {http://www.chineselexicaldatabase.com. http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1038-3},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Sareen2016,
abstract = {Change blindness has been a topic of interest in cognitive sciences for decades. Change detection experiments are frequently used for studying various research topics such as attention and perception. However, creating change detection stimuli is tedious and there is no open repository of such stimuli using natural scenes. We introduce the Change Blindness (CB) Database with object changes in 130 colored images of natural indoor scenes. The size and eccentricity are provided for all the changes as well as reaction time data from a baseline experiment. In addition, we have two specialized satellite databases that are subsets of the 130 images. In one set, changes are seen in rooms or in mirrors in those rooms (Mirror Change Database). In the other, changes occur in a room or out a window (Window Change Database). Both the sets have controlled background, change size, and eccentricity. The CB Database is intended to provide researchers with a stimulus set of natural scenes with defined stimulus parameters that can be used for a wide range of experiments. The CB Database can be found at http://search.bwh.harvard.edu/new/CBDatabase.html .},
author = {Sareen, Preeti and Ehinger, Krista A. and Wolfe, Jeremy M.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-015-0640-x},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {dec},
number = {4},
pages = {1343--1348},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{CB Database: A change blindness database for objects in natural indoor scenes}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-015-0640-x},
volume = {48},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Kong2018,
abstract = {This article reports the construction of a multimodal annotated database of spoken discourse and co-verbal gestures by native healthy speakers of Cantonese and individuals with language impairment: the Cantonese AphasiaBank. This corpus was established as a foundation for aphasiologists and clinicians to use in designing and conducting research investigations into theoretical and clinical issues related to acquired language disorders in Chinese. Details in terms of the purpose, structure, and levels of annotation of the database (containing part-of-speech-annotated orthographic transcripts with Romanization and the corresponding videos) are described. The discussion presents the challenges of building a spoken database of a language that is not linguistically well-researched and that does not have a standardized written form for many of its lexical items, as well as presenting how these issues were addressed. Most importantly, the article highlights the potential of Cantonese AphasiaBank as a powerful research tool for linguists and psycholinguists.},
author = {{Pak-Hin Kong}, Anthony and Law, Sam-Po},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1043-6},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {apr},
pages = {1--14},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Cantonese AphasiaBank: An annotated database of spoken discourse and co-verbal gestures by healthy and language-impaired native Cantonese speakers}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1043-6},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Schillingmann2018,
abstract = {{\textcopyright} 2018 Psychonomic Society, Inc. In language production research, the latency with which speakers produce a spoken response to a stimulus and the onset and offset times of words in longer utterances are key dependent variables. Measuring these variables automatically often yields partially incorrect results. However, exact measurements through the visual inspection of the recordings are extremely time-consuming. We present AlignTool, an open-source alignment tool that establishes preliminarily the onset and offset times of words and phonemes in spoken utterances using Praat, and subsequently performs a forced alignment of the spoken utterances and their orthographic transcriptions in the automatic speech recognition system MAUS. AlignTool creates a Praat TextGrid file for inspection and manual correction by the user, if necessary. We evaluated AlignTool's performance with recordings of single-word and four-word utterances as well as semi-spontaneous speech. AlignTool performs well with audio signals with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio, requiring virtually no corrections. For audio signals of lesser quality, AlignTool still is highly functional but its results may require more frequent manual corrections. We also found that audio recordings including long silent intervals tended to pose greater difficulties for AlignTool than recordings filled with speech, which AlignTool analyzed well overall. We expect that by semi-automatizing the temporal analysis of complex utterances, AlignTool will open new avenues in language production research.},
author = {Schillingmann, Lars and Ernst, Jessica and Keite, Verena and Wrede, Britta and Meyer, Antje S and Belke, Eva},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-1002-7},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Automatic alignment,Language production,Time course,Voice-key},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {466--489},
title = {{AlignTool: The automatic temporal alignment of spoken utterances in German, Dutch, and British English for psycholinguistic purposes}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-1002-7 http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-1002-7},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Cook2017,
abstract = {To simplify the problem of studying how people learn natural language, researchers use the artificial grammar learning (AGL) task. In this task, participants study letter strings constructed according to the rules of an artificial grammar and subsequently attempt to discriminate grammatical from ungrammatical test strings. Although the data from these experiments are usually analyzed by comparing the mean discrimination performance between experimental conditions, this practice discards information about the individual items and participants that could otherwise help uncover the particular features of strings associated with grammaticality judgments. However, feature analysis is tedious to compute, often complicated, and ill-defined in the literature. Moreover, the data violate the assumption of independence underlying standard linear regression models, leading to Type I error inflation. To solve these problems, we present AGSuite, a free Shiny application for researchers studying AGL. The suite's intuitive Web-based user interface allows researchers to generate strings from a database of published grammars, compute feature measures (e.g., Levenshtein distance) for each letter string, and conduct a feature analysis on the strings using linear mixed effects (LME) analyses. The LME analysis solves the inflation of Type I errors that afflicts more common methods of repeated measures regression analysis. Finally, the software can generate a number of graphical representations of the data to support an accurate interpretation of results. We hope the ease and availability of these tools will encourage researchers to take full advantage of item-level variance in their datasets in the study of AGL. We moreover discuss the broader applicability of the tools for researchers looking to conduct feature analysis in any field.},
author = {Cook, Matthew T. and Chubala, Chrissy M. and Jamieson, Randall K.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0899-1},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {oct},
number = {5},
pages = {1639--1651},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{AGSuite: Software to conduct feature analysis of artificial grammar learning performance}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0899-1},
volume = {49},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Yang2018,
abstract = {Using appropriate stimuli to evoke emotions is especially important for researching emotion. Psychologists have provided several standardized affective stimulus databases-such as the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS) as visual stimulus databases, as well as the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS) and the Montreal Affective Voices as auditory stimulus databases for emotional experiments. However, considering the limitations of the existing auditory stimulus database studies, research using auditory stimuli is relatively limited compared with the studies using visual stimuli. First, the number of sample sounds is limited, making it difficult to equate across emotional conditions and semantic categories. Second, some artificially created materials (music or human voice) may fail to accurately drive the intended emotional processes. Our principal aim was to expand existing auditory affective sample database to sufficiently cover natural sounds. We asked 207 participants to rate 935 sounds (including the sounds from the IADS-2) using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) and three basic-emotion rating scales. The results showed that emotions in sounds can be distinguished on the affective rating scales, and the stability of the evaluations of sounds revealed that we have successfully provided a larger corpus of natural, emotionally evocative auditory stimuli, covering a wide range of semantic categories. Our expanded, standardized sound sample database may promote a wide range of research in auditory systems and the possible interactions with other sensory modalities, encouraging direct reliable comparisons of outcomes from different researchers in the field of psychology.},
author = {Yang, Wanlu and Makita, Kai and Nakao, Takashi and Kanayama, Noriaki and Machizawa, Maro G. and Sasaoka, Takafumi and Sugata, Ayako and Kobayashi, Ryota and Hiramoto, Ryosuke and Yamawaki, Shigeto and Iwanaga, Makoto and Miyatani, Makoto},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1027-6},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1415--1429},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Affective auditory stimulus database: An expanded version of the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS-E)}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1027-6},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Aljasser2018,
abstract = {Phonotactic probability refers to the frequency with which phonological segments and sequences of phonological segments occur in words in a given language. We describe one method of estimating phonotactic probabilities based on words in American English. These estimates of phonotactic probability have been used in a number of previous studies and are now being made available to other researchers via a Web-based interface. Instructions for using the interface, as well as details regarding how the measures were derived, are provided in the present article. The Phonotactic Probability Calculator can be accessed at http://www.people.ku.edu/-mvitevit/PhonoProbHome.html.},
author = {Aljasser, Faisal and Vitevitch, Michael S.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0872-z},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Modern Standard Arabic,Online calculator,Phonotactic probability},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {313--322},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{A Web-based interface to calculate phonotactic probability for words and nonwords in Modern Standard Arabic}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0872-z},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Peeters2017,
abstract = {The use of immersive virtual reality as a research tool is rapidly increasing in numerous scientific disciplines. By combining ecological validity with strict experimental control, immersive virtual reality provides the potential to develop and test scientific theories in rich environments that closely resemble everyday settings. This article introduces the first standardized database of colored three-dimensional (3-D) objects that can be used in virtual reality and augmented reality research and applications. The 147 objects have been normed for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, visual complexity, and corresponding lexical characteristics of the modal object names. The availability of standardized 3-D objects for virtual reality research is important, because reaching valid theoretical conclusions hinges critically on the use of well-controlled experimental stimuli. Sharing standardized 3-D objects across different virtual reality labs will allow for science to move forward more quickly.},
author = {Peeters, David},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0925-3},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {3D-objects,Database,Stimuli,Virtual reality},
number = {3},
pages = {1047--1054},
title = {{A standardized set of 3-D objects for virtual reality research and applications}},
url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13428-017-0925-3.pdf},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Cohen2017,
abstract = {In experimental contexts, affect-related word lists have been widely applied when examining how cognitive processes interact with emotional processes. These lists, however, present limitations when studying the relation between emotion and cognitive processes such as time and number processing because affective words do not inherently contain time or quantity information. Live events, in contrast, are experienced by an observer and therefore inherently carry affect information. Unfortunately, existing life-event lists and inventories have been largely applied within clinical contexts as diagnostic tools, and therefore are not suitable for many experimental contexts because they do not contain a balanced number of reliably positive, negative, and neutral life events. In Experiment 1, we create a standardized affect-related life-events list with 171 positive, negative, and neutral affect-related life events. In Experiment 2, we show that strength of affect and significance of the event are integral dimensions, suggesting that these two features are difficult to separate perceptually. The implications of these findings and some potential future applications of the created life-events list are discussed.},
author = {Cohen, Dale J. and Barker, Katherine A. and White, Madeline R.},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0948-9},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--10},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{A standardized list of affect-related life events}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-017-0948-9},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Marelli2018,
abstract = {Orthography-semantics consistency (OSC) is a measure that quantifies the degree of semantic relatedness between a word and its orthographic relatives. OSC is computed as the frequency-weighted average semantic similarity between the meaning of a given word and the meanings of all the words containing that very same orthographic string, as captured by distributional semantic models. We present a resource including optimized estimates of OSC for 15,017 English words. In a series of analyses, we provide a progressive optimization of the OSC variable. We show that computing OSC from word-embeddings models (in place of traditional count models), limiting preprocessing of the corpus used for inducing semantic vectors (in particular, avoiding part-of-speech tagging and lemmatization), and relying on a wider pool of orthographic relatives provide better performance for the measure in a lexical-processing task. We further show that OSC is an important and significant predictor of reaction times in visual word recognition and word naming, one that correlates only weakly with other psycholinguistic variables (e.g., family size, word frequency), indicating that it captures a novel source of variance in lexical access. Finally, some theoretical and methodological implications are discussed of adopting OSC as one of the predictors of reaction times in studies of visual word recognition.},
author = {Marelli, Marco and Amenta, Simona},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-018-1017-8},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1482--1495},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{A database of orthography-semantics consistency (OSC) estimates for 15,017 English words}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-018-1017-8},
volume = {50},
year = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{Simon,
abstract = {For most of the Uralic languages, there is a lack of systematically collected, consequently transcribed and morphologically annotated text corpora. This paper sums up the steps, the preliminary results and the future directions of building a linguistic corpus of some Uralic languages, namely Tundra Nenets, Udmurt, Synya Khanty, and Surgut Khanty. The experiences of building a corpus containing both old and modern, and written and oral data samples are discussed. Principles concerning data collection strategies of languages with different level of vitality and endangerment are discussed. Methodologies and challenges of data processing, and the levels of linguistic annotation are also described in detail.},
author = {Simon, Eszter and Mus, Nikolett},
doi = {10.18653/v1/w17-0603},
pages = {10--24},
title = {{Languages under the influence: Building a database of Uralic languages}},
url = {https://erc.europa.eu/},
year = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{Shi,
abstract = {Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has gained significant improvement for major languages such as English and Chinese, partly due to the emergence of deep neural networks (DNN) and large amount of training data. For minority languages, however, the progress is largely behind the main stream. A particularly obstacle is that there are almost no large-scale speech databases for minority languages, and the only few databases are held by some institutes as private properties, far from open and standard, and very few are free. Besides the speech database, phonetic and linguistic resources are also scarce, including phone set, lexicon, and language model. In this paper, we publish a speech database in Kazakh, a major minority language in the western China. Accompanying this database, a full set of phonetic and linguistic resources are also published, by which a full-fledged Kazakh ASR system can be constructed. We will describe the recipe for constructing a baseline system, and report our present results. The resources are free for research institutes and can be obtained by request. The publication is supported by the M2ASR project supported by NSFC, which aims to build multilingual ASR systems for minority languages in China.},
author = {Shi, Ying and Hamdullah, Askar and Tang, Zhiyuan and Wang, Dong and Zheng, Thomas Fang},
booktitle = {Proceedings - 9th Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2017},
doi = {10.1109/APSIPA.2017.8282133},
isbn = {9781538615423},
pages = {745--748},
title = {{A free Kazakh speech database and a speech recognition baseline}},
url = {http://data.cslt.org/thuyg20/README.html},
volume = {2018-Febru},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Scheible,
abstract = {This paper describes the SubCat-Extractor as a novel tool to obtain verb subcategori-sation data from parsed German web corpora. The SubCat-Extractor is based on a set of detailed rules that go beyond what is directly accessible in the parses. The extracted subcategorisation database is represented in a compact but linguistically detailed and flexible format, comprising various aspects of verb information, complement information and sentence information , within a one-line-per-clause style. We describe the tool, the extraction rules and the obtained resource database, as well as actual and potential uses in computational linguistics.},
author = {Scheible, Silke and {Im Walde}, Sabine Schulte and Weller, Marion and Kisselew, Max},
journal = {Proceedings of the 8th Web as Corpus Workshop},
pages = {63--72},
title = {{A compact but linguistically detailed database for German verb subcategorisation relying on dependency parses from Web corpora: Tool, guidelines and resource}},
url = {www.clips.ua.ac.be/conll/},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Samvelian2013,
abstract = {To cite this version: Pollet Samvelian, Pegah Faghiri. Introducing PersPred, a syntactic and semantic database for Persian Complex Predicates. Abstract This paper introduces PersPred, the first manually elaborated syntactic and semantic database for Persian Complex Predicates (CPs). Beside their theoretical interest, Per-sian CPs constitute an important challenge in Persian lexicography and for NLP. The first delivery, PersPred 1 1 , contains 700 CPs, for which 22 fields of lexical, syntactic and semantic information are encoded. The semantic classification PersPred provides allows to account for the productivity of these combinations in a way which does justice to their compositionality without overlooking their id-iomaticity.},
author = {Samvelian, Pollet and Faghiri, Pegah},
journal = {Naacl Hlt 2013},
keywords = {a syntactic and semantic,database for persian,roducing perspred},
number = {June},
pages = {13--14},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
title = {{Introducing PersPred, a Syntactic and Semantic Database for Persian Complex Predicates}},
url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00974259 http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W13/W13-10.pdf{\#}page=23},
year = {2013}
}
@techreport{Morton,
abstract = {The BT Archives house the records of British Telecom, the world's oldest telecommunications company, which traces its history back to the formation of the Electric Telegraphy Company in 1846. Prior to its privatisation in 1984, BT was a public corporation (and before that a government department) and as a result all of the pre-privatisation material in the archives is in the public domain, making it ideal for academic research. Despite this legal availability, however, the physical availability of material in the archive was limited to two days a week in an archive space in Holborn, London. In 2011 the ‘New Connections' project was set up with the aim of making around half a million items from the public archives of British Telecom available in a new digital archive. As part of ‘New Connections', three academic research projects were funded, one of which was the creation and analysis of the British Telecom Correspondence Corpus (BTCC). The era that the archive covers makes it a potentially fascinating source of data for the linguistic study of business correspondence. The mid-nineteenth to latetwentieth century is a crucial period in the development of English business correspondence as the amount of business being conducted by letter increased massively during this period as a result of the Industrial Revolution, the introduction of the Penny Post, and increased access to education both in schools and through composition grammar guides. Despite its importance in the development of business correspondence, this period has received relatively little attention. The aim of constructing the British Telecom Correspondence Corpus was to start addressing this gap in available linguistic data and enable studies into the development of business correspondence from the mid-nineteenth to late-twentieth century.},
author = {Morton, Ralph},
title = {{Public Archives as a Source of Historical Linguistic Data: The Construction and Analysis of the British Telecom Correspondence Corpus}},
url = {https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/28155/1/paper275.pdf},
year = {2017}
}
@inproceedings{Maddieson2013,
abstract = {LAPSyD, the Lyon-Albuquerque Phonological Systems Database, is an online phonological database equipped with powerful query, mapping and visualization tools. It stems from the UPSID and WALS databases, enhanced with newly validated data not only covering segmental inventories but also syllable structures, stress and tonal systems. In its current version it covers around 700 languages and it is accessible at http://www.lapsyd.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr. This paper provides a description of the data structure in LAPSyD and the features of the interface. Brief illustrations of the types of analysis that can be done with this tool are provided, exploiting the ability to cross-reference data on segments, other phonological properties and language location. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2013 ISCA.},
author = {Maddieson, Ian and Flavier, S{\'{e}}bastien and Marsico, Egidio and Coup{\'{e}}, Christophe and Pellegrino, Fran{\c{c}}ois},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH},
issn = {19909772},
keywords = {Acoustic adaptation hypothesis,Multilingual database,Phonological inventory,Phonological typology,Syllable type,Tonal systems,UPSID},
pages = {3022--3026},
title = {{LAPSyD: Lyon-albuquerque phonological systems database}},
url = {http://www.lapsyd.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr.},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Ivaska2014,
abstract = {This paper introduces the Corpus of Advanced Learner Finnish (LAS2), one of the existing corpora of learner Finnish. The corpus was started at the University of Turku in 2007, and the initial motivation for its collection was to make it possible to deal with novel linguistic challenges posed by academic immigration and to contribute to corpus linguistics, Finnish linguistics and the study of second language acquisition. This paper describes the typological standpoint of the LAS2, its position with respect to other corpora of learner Finnish, the compilation criteria, the annotation applied and the workflow implemented. The corpus consists of three subcorpora of written academic texts of non-native speakers of Finnish. The subcorpora are 1) texts for examination purposes, 2) texts for publishing and graduating purposes, and 3) texts for studying and learning purposes. The informants either study or work in Finnish within academia in Finland. When available, the data has been collected longitudinally. A reference corpus for each subcorpus written by native speakers has also been compiled. Three query tools designed within the framework of the LAS2 are also introduced. These tools enable queries based on any combinations of the linguistic annotation. They can also be used to analyse the typical inner or cotextual variation of any user-specified linguistic node or to create frequency lists of multiword units defined at any level of the annotation. The queries can be limited to a user-specified subset of the data.},
author = {Ivaska, Ilmari},
issn = {1457-9863},
journal = {Apples: journal of applied language studies},
keywords = {annotation,corpus tools,corpus typology,finnish as a second,language,learner language},
number = {3},
pages = {21--38},
title = {{The Corpus of Advanced Learner Finnish (LAS2): Database and toolkit to study academic learner Finnish}},
url = {http://apples.jyu.fi https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/45018},
volume = {8},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Geertzen2014,
abstract = {Naturalistic learner productions are an important empirical resource for SLA research. Some pioneering works have produced valuable second language (L2) resources supporting SLA research.1 One common limitation of these resources is the absence of individual longitudinal data for numerous speakers with different backgrounds across the proficiency spectrum, which is vital for understanding},
author = {Geertzen, Jeroen and Alexopoulou, Theodora and Korhonen, Anna},
journal = {Selected Proceedings of the 2012 Second Language Research Forum},
number = {1986},
pages = {240--254},
title = {{Automatic Linguistic Annotation of Large Scale L2 Databases: The EF-Cambridge Open Language Database (EFCamDat)}},
url = {http://corpus.mml.cam.ac.uk/efcamdat/,},
year = {2014}
}
@techreport{Bartolini,
abstract = {This paper describes the conversion of ItalwordNet and of a domain WordNet into RDF and their linking to the (L)LOD cloud and to other existing resources. A brief presentation of the resources is given, and the conversion and resulting datasets are described.},
author = {Bartolini, Roberto and Gratta, Riccardo Del and Frontini, Francesca},
title = {{Towards the establishment of a linguistic linked data network for Italian}},
url = {http://purl.org/vocabularies/princeton/},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Raman,
abstract = {In the present study, normative data in Turkish are presented for the 260 color versions of the original Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) picture set for the first time. Norms are reported for name and image agreement, age of acquisition (AoA), visual complexity, and conceptual familiarity, together with written word frequency, and numbers of letters and syllables. We collected data from 277 native Turkish adults in a variety of tasks. The results indicated that, whilst several measures displayed language-specific variation, we also reported what seem to be language-independent-that is, universal-measures that show a systematic relationship across several languages. The implications of the reported measures in the domain of psycholinguistic research in Turkish and for wider cross-linguistic comparisons are discussed.},
author = {Raman, Ilhan and Raman, Evren and Mertan, Biran},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-013-0376-4},
issn = {15543528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {Age of acquisition,Conceptual familiarity,Cross-linguistic,Lexical processing,Picture norms,Turkish,Visual complexity},
number = {2},
pages = {588--595},
title = {{A standardized set of 260 pictures for Turkish: Norms of name and image agreement, age of acquisition, visual complexity, and conceptual familiarity}},
url = {www.tnc.org.tr},
volume = {46},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Marchewka2014,
abstract = {Selecting appropriate stimuli to induce emotional states is essential in affective research. Only a few standardized affective stimulus databases have been created for auditory, language, and visual materials. Numerous studies have extensively employed these databases using both behavioral and neuroimaging methods. However, some limitations of the existing databases have recently been reported, including limited numbers of stimuli in specific categories or poor picture quality of the visual stimuli. In the present article, we introduce the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS), which consists of 1,356 realistic, high-quality photographs that are divided into five categories (people, faces, animals, objects, and landscapes). Affective ratings were collected from 204 mostly European participants. The pictures were rated according to the valence, arousal, and approach-avoidance dimensions using computerized bipolar semantic slider scales. Normative ratings for the categories are presented for each dimension. Validation of the ratings was obtained by comparing them to ratings generated using the Self-Assessment Manikin and the International Affective Picture System. In addition, the physical properties of the photographs are reported, including luminance, contrast, and entropy. The new database, with accompanying ratings and image parameters, allows researchers to select a variety of visual stimulus materials specific to their experimental questions of interest. The NAPS system is freely accessible to the scientific community for noncommercial use by request at http://naps.nencki.gov.pl .},
author = {Marchewka, Artur and {\.{Z}}urawski, {\L}ukasz and Jednor{\'{o}}g, Katarzyna and Grabowska, Anna},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-013-0379-1},
issn = {1554-3528},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
month = {jun},
number = {2},
pages = {596--610},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): Introduction to a novel, standardized, wide-range, high-quality, realistic picture database}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13428-013-0379-1},
volume = {46},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Strand2013,
abstract = {A widely agreed-upon feature of spoken word recognition is that multiple lexical candidates in memory are simultaneously activated in parallel when a listener hears a word, and that those candidates compete for recognition (Luce, Goldinger, Auer, {\&} Vitevitch, Perception 62:615-625, 2000; Luce {\&} Pisoni, Ear and Hearing 19:1-36, 1998; McClelland {\&} Elman, Cognitive Psychology 18:1-86, 1986). Because the presence of those competitors influences word recognition, much research has sought to quantify the processes of lexical competition. Metrics that quantify lexical competition continuously are more effective predictors of auditory and visual (lipread) spoken word recognition than are the categorical metrics traditionally used (Feld {\&} Sommers, Speech Communication 53:220-228, 2011; Strand {\&} Sommers, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130:1663-1672, 2011). A limitation of the continuous metrics is that they are somewhat computationally cumbersome and require access to existing speech databases. This article describes the Phi-square Lexical Competition Database (Phi-Lex): an online, searchable database that provides access to multiple metrics of auditory and visual (lipread) lexical competition for English words, available at www.juliastrand.com/phi-lex .},
author = {Strand, Julia},
doi = {10.3758/s13428-013-0356-8},
title = {{Phi-square Lexical Competition Database (Phi-Lex): An online tool for quantifying auditory and visual lexical competition}},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237098000},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Macizo2000,
abstract = {Associative word knowledge changes throughout our lives (Anderson, 1983). Thus, the organization and use of this knowledge may vary as a function of cognitive development. However, there are no associative norms that provide information about associative representation of Spanish speaking children. The aim of the present study was to obtain normative data on the associative knowledge of children ranging from 8 to 13 years of age. Thus, 58 words were presented to three groups of 100 children varying in ages (8-9, 10-11, 12-13). Participants were asked to provide the first associate to a presented word that came to mind. Results indicated that there is an increment in the percentage of associates, an increase in the number of idiosyncratic responses and a decrease in strength of the associates as the ages of the children increased from 8 to 13. Comparisons with adult normative data are also provided. Results are interpreted as supporting evidence for developmental changes in knowledge organization.},
author = {Macizo, Pedro; and G{\'{o}}mez-Ariza, Carlos J. ; and {Bajo, Teresa}, M.},
journal = {Psicol{\'{o}}gica},
keywords = {associative knowledge,associative norms,memory development},
pages = {287--300},
title = {{Associative norms of 58 Spanish words for children from 8 to 13 years old}},
url = {http://www.redalyc.org/html/169/16921205/},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Content1990,
abstract = {Describes BRULEX, a computer database of 36,000 French-language words developed for use in psycholinguistic research. The words are sorted according to a variety of criteria, including spelling, pronunciation, word length, number of syllables, grammatical class, frequency of use, and number of homonyms.},
author = {Content, A and Mousty, P and Radeau, M},
journal = {L'Ann{\'{e}}e Psychologique},
pages = {551--566},
title = {{Brulex, une base de donn{\'{e}}es lexicales informatis{\'{e}}es pour le fran{\c{c}}ais parl{\'{e}} et {\'{e}}crit}},
url = {https://www.persee.fr/doc/psy{\_}0003-5033{\_}1990{\_}num{\_}90{\_}4{\_}29428},
volume = {90},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Klapprott1971,
author = {Klapprott, J},
title = {{Erw{\"{u}}nschheit und Bedeutung von 338 alltagspsychologischen Eigenschaftsbegriffen}},
url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en{\&}as{\_}sdt=0{\%}2C25{\&}q=Erw{\`{U}}nschtheit+und+Bedeutung+von+338+alltagspsychologischen+Eigenschaftsbegriffen{\&}btnG=},
year = {1971}
}
@incollection{Busz1994,
abstract = {An idiom is classically defined as a formulaic sequence whose meaning is comprised of more than the sum of its parts. For this reason, idioms pose a unique problem for models of sentence processing, as researchers must take into account how idioms vary and along what dimensions, as these factors can modulate the ease with which an idiomatic interpretation can be activated. In order to help ensure external validity and comparability across studies, idiom research benefits from the availability of publicly available resources reporting ratings from a large number of native speakers. Resources such as the one outlined in the current paper facilitate opportunities for consensus across studies on idiom processing and help to further our goals as a research community. To this end, descriptive norms were obtained for 870 American English idioms from 2,100 participants along five dimensions: familiarity, meaningfulness, literal plausibility, global decomposability, and predictability. Idiom familiarity and meaningfulness strongly correlated with one another, whereas familiarity and meaningfulness were positively correlated with both global decomposability and predictability. Correlations with previous norming studies are also discussed.},
author = {Busz, Michael and Cohen, Rudolf and Poser, Ulrich and Sch{\"{u}}mer, Anke and Sch{\"{u}}mer, Rudolf and Sonnenfeld, Christa},
booktitle = {Handbuch deutschsprachiger Wortnormen},
keywords = {SDSV},
pages = {285--292},
title = {{Die soziale Bewertung von 880 Eigenschaftsbegriffen sowie die Analyse der {\"{A}}hnlichkeitsbeziehungen zwischen einigen dieser Begriffe}},
url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en{\&}as{\_}sdt=0{\%}2C25{\&}q=Die+soziale+Bewertung+von+880+Eigenschaftsbegriffen+sowie+die+Analyse+der+{\v{S}}{\"{a}}{\OE}hnlichkeitsbeziehungen+zwischen+einigen+dieser+Begriffe{\&}btnG=},
year = {1994}
}
@misc{Verschuere2001,
abstract = {The International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention [CSEA], 1995) is a set of pictures that is widely used in experimental research on emotion and attention. In this study, the normative ratings of a subset of the IAPS were compared with the ratings from a Flemish sample. Eighty Flemish first-year psychology students from the Ghent University (Belgium) rated valence, dominance and arousal for a stratified sample of 60 IAPS pictures. Reliability coefficients indicate that the self-report ratings are internally consistent. Four findings converge upon the idea that the ratings in the Flemish sample are similar to the normative ratings. First, the affective ratings of the pictures in our sample correlated strongly with the North American ratings: .95, .84 and .87, respectively for valence, arousal and dominance. Second, mean valence and arousal ratings of the 60 pictures did not significantly differ between the Flemish and the North American sample. Third, plotting of the valence and arousal ratings in a two-dimensional figure results in a similar boomerang shaped distribution as the North American affective ratings. And fourth, as predicted, this distribution of the valence and arousal ratings shows the same asymmetry between positive and negative pictures as in North American samples.},
author = {Verschuere, B. and Crombez, G. and Koster, E.},
booktitle = {Psychologica Belgica},
isbn = {0033-2879},
issn = {00332879},
number = {4},
pages = {205--217},
title = {{The international affective picture system: A flemish validation study}},
volume = {41},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Kent1910,
abstract = {The normal range of reaction in response to any of our stimulus words is largely confined within narrow limits. The frequency tables compiled from test records given by one thousand normal subjects comprise over ninety per cent of the normal range in the average case. With the aid of the frequency tables and the appendix normal reactions, with a very few exceptions, can be sharply distinguished from pathological ones. The separation of pathological reactions from normal ones simplifies the task of their analysis, and makes possible the application of a classification based on objective criteria. By the application of the association test, according to the method here proposed, no sharp distinction can be drawn between mental health and mental disease; a large collection of material shows a gradual and not an abrupt transition from the normal state to pathological states. In dementia pr{\ae}cox, some paranoic conditions, manic-depressive insanity, general paresis, and epileptic dementia the test reveals some characteristic, though not pathognomonic, associational tendencies.},
author = {Kent, Grace Helen and Rosanoff, A. J.},
doi = {10.1176/ajp.67.1.37},
issn = {0002-953X},
journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {37--96},
title = {{A STUDY OF ASSOCIATION IN

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib