text:
86 +/- 17 mu mol/L; P = 0.038) than those who did not. We found
   no significant difference in the base line glycated hemoglobin in the
   two groups. The multivariate model showed that age, duration of
   diabetes, systolic BP, and serum cholesterol and creatinine levels
   predicted the development of macrovascular complications, which were
   also associated with the later development of microalbuminuria.
   Macrovascular complications developed in 16.8\% of people with type 1
   diabetes over a 9-year follow-up, and were predicted by potentially
   modifiable factors including higher BP, BMI, and serum triglyceride and
   cholesterol levels.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1372.037}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-635-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244105600013}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000244105600020,
Author = {Adeghate, Ernest and Rashed, Hameed and Rajbandari, Satyan and Singh,
   Jaipaul},
Editor = {{Adeghate, E and Saadi, H and Adem, A and Obineche, E}},
Title = {{Pattern of distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the dorsal
   root ganglion of animal models of diabetes mellitus}},
Booktitle = {{DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS,
   EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL MEDICINE}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1084}},
Pages = {{296-303}},
Note = {{International Conference on Recent Advances in Diabetes Mellitus and Its
   Complications, Al Ain, U ARAB EMIRATES, MAR 06-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{UAE Univ, Fac Med \& Hlth Sci; Dept Hlth \& Med Serv, Dubai; Etihad
   Airways; Merck; Aventis; Servier; Life Scan, Johnson \& Johnson; Roche
   Diagnost}},
Abstract = {{This article examined the pattern of distribution of calcitonin
   gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of normal
   and diabetic Wistar, Zucker lean, and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats to
   determine whether there are changes in the number and pattern of
   distribution of CGRP-positive neurons after the onset of latent or overt
   diabetes. Type I diabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats by a
   single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) given intraperitoneally (60 mg/kg
   body weight). Four weeks after the induction of diabetes mellitus,
   diabetic (n = 6) and normal (n = 6), Zucker lean (n = 6), and GK (n = 6)
   rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate and their DRGs were removed
   and processed for immunohistochemistry. CGRP-positive neurons were
   observed in the DRG of normal and diabetic Wistar, Zucker lean
   (nondiabetic), and GK (animal model of type 2 diabetes) rats. CGRP was
   present in small-, medium-, and large-sized neurons of the DRG in these
   three animal models. Only a small percentage of large-sized neurons
   contains CGRP. The number of CGRP-positive neurons was significantly (P
   < 0.05) reduced in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar and GK rats compared to
   normal Wistar and Zucker lean rats. Moreover, the quantity of
   CGRP-containing varicose nerves was less in diabetic Wistar and GK rats
   compared to control Wistar and Zucker lean rats. The reduced number of
   CGRP-positive neurons in the DRG of GK rats indicated that subjects with
   latent diabetes may already have dysfunctional CGRP metabolism and thus
   diabetic neuropathy.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1372.030}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-635-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244105600020}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000244105600021,
Author = {Sibal, Latika and Law, Huong Nai and Gebbie, Janice and Home, Philip},
Editor = {{Adeghate, E and Saadi, H and Adem, A and Obineche, E}},
Title = {{Cardiovascular risk factors predicting the development of distal
   symmetrical polyneuropathy in people with type 1 diabetes - A 9-year
   follow-up study}},
Booktitle = {{DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS,
   EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL MEDICINE}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1084}},
Pages = {{304-318}},
Note = {{International Conference on Recent Advances in Diabetes Mellitus and Its
   Complications, Al Ain, U ARAB EMIRATES, MAR 06-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{UAE Univ, Fac Med \& Hlth Sci; Dept Hlth \& Med Serv, Dubai; Etihad
   Airways; Merck; Aventis; Servier; Life Scan, Johnson \& Johnson; Roche
   Diagnost}},
Abstract = {{The aim of the article was to use prospectively collected data on people
   with type I diabetes to examine which routinely collected clinical
   measures predict the development of peripheral neuropathy in people with
   type I diabetes. Within the Newcastle Diabetes Services, structured data
   collection at an annual review has been collected since 1985. This
   includes metabolic measures, cardiovascular risk factors, and markers of
   complications. From 1990 data collection was standardized and
   computerized. For this study, all people with type I diabetes in the
   database in both 1992 and 2001 were ascertained. Data were extracted for
   a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy (based on neuropathic symptoms,
   absence of pinprick sensation, and abnormal biothesiometer measurements
   and/or monofilament sensation) and for the other metabolic and
   cardiovascular risk measures, as well as markers of other microvascular
   complications. Associations with the development of neuropathy were
   sought. Eighteen of 404 people already had peripheral neuropathy in
   1992, and 38 others developed neuropathy during follow-up. People who
   developed neuropathy were older (47 +/- 14 {[}SD] versus 36 +/- 11
   years; P = 0.000), had longer-duration of diabetes (27 13 versus 18 10
   years; P = 0.001), higher baseline serum cholesterol (5.8 +/- 1.3 versus
   5.2 +/- 1.2 mmol/L, P = 0.017), and higher systolic (139 18 versus 129
   20 mmHg; P = 0.003) and diastolic BP ( 2 +/- 12 versus 76 +/- 11 mmHg; P
   = 0.009) than those who remained free of neuropathy. We found no
   significant difference for BMI and glycated hemoglobin. The multivariate
   model showed that diastolic BP, duration of diabetes, serum cholesterol,
   and history of callus/ulcers on the feet predicted the development of
   peripheral neuropathy. Neuropathy developed in 11.4\% of people with
   type 1 diabetes over a 9-year follow-up, and was predicted by factors
   normally associated with cardiovascular rather than microvascular
   disease.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1372.036}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-635-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244105600021}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000244105600023,
Author = {Eapen, Valsamma and Mabrouk, Abdel Azim and Sabri, Sufian and
   Bin-Othman, Salem},
Editor = {{Adeghate, E and Saadi, H and Adem, A and Obineche, E}},
Title = {{A controlled study of psychosocial factors in young people with diabetes
   in the United Arab Emirates}},
Booktitle = {{DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS,
   EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL MEDICINE}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1084}},
Pages = {{325-328}},
Note = {{International Conference on Recent Advances in Diabetes Mellitus and Its
   Complications, Al Ain, U ARAB EMIRATES, MAR 06-09, 2006}},
Organization = {{UAE Univ, Fac Med \& Hlth Sci; Dept Hlth \& Med Serv, Dubai; Etihad
   Airways; Merck; Aventis; Servier; Life Scan, Johnson \& Johnson; Roche
   Diagnost}},
Abstract = {{Psychosocial factors were studied in 30 young people with diabetes and
   30 control subjects in the UAE. Patients perceived themselves more
   negatively than their parents on several domains. Also, they had lower
   scores in the areas of physical appearance and athletic competence when
   compared to control subjects. There were significant gender differences,
   with girls perceiving themselves more negatively. Better maternal
   education and availability of social support were associated with a
   positive self-image in the child. Parents of children exhibiting
   behavioral/emotional problems had a higher score on the parental General
   Health Questionnaire. Awareness and understanding of these psychosocial
   variables can help healthcare providers to target these issues as part
   of comprehensive diabetes management.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1372.020}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{978-1-57331-635-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244105600023}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000243126100003,
Author = {Pinkse, Gabrielle G. M. and Boitard, Christian and Tree, Timothy I. M.
   and Peakman, Mark and Roep, Bart O.},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Hanafusa, T}},
Title = {{HLA class I epitope discovery in type 1 diabetes - Independent and
   reproducible identification of proinsulin epitopes of CD8 T cells -
   Report of the IDS T Cell Workshop Committee}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES IV: PROGRESS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1079}},
Pages = {{19-23}},
Note = {{8th Meeting of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, Awaji Isl, JAPAN, OCT
   06-09, 2005}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{Islet autoreactive CD8 T cells are plausible candidates for direct beta
   cell toxicity in type I diabetes (T1DM). In 2005, cellular studies in
   the pathogenesis of this disease have reached a new milestone.
   Autoreactive CD8 T cells have been defined and several target islet
   epitopes of these have been discovered and validated simultaneously in
   three independent studies. The insulin B10-B18 peptide that displays
   exceptional binding affinity for HLA-A2 has been reported in all three
   studies, and its recognition shows an association with autoimmune beta
   cell destruction and T1DM. These studies imply that CD8 T cell-based HLA
   tetramers and ELISPOT analyses can be useful to monitor T1DM as well as
   islet transplantation, and may provide useful tools to assess
   immunological efficacy of immune intervention trials.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1375.003}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-641-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243126100003}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000243126100030,
Author = {van Endert, Peter and Hassainya, Yousra and Lindo, Vivian and Bach,
   Jean-Marie and Blancou, Philippe and Lemonnier, Francois and Mallone,
   Roberto},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Hanafusa, T}},
Title = {{HLA class I epitope discovery in type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES IV: PROGRESS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1079}},
Pages = {{190-197}},
Note = {{8th Meeting of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, Awaji Isl, JAPAN, OCT
   06-09, 2005}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the destruction of beta
   cells by autoantigen-specific T cells. In the non-obese diabetic (NOD)
   mouse model, CD8(+) T cells play an essential role in both the initial
   triggering of insulitis and its destructive phase, and proinsulin (PI)
   is one of the dominant target antigens (Ags). However, little is known
   about the beta cell epitopes presented by HLA class I molecules and
   recognized by human CD8+ T cells. We and other groups recently applied
   reverse immunology approaches to identify HLA class I-restricted PI
   epitopes. To establish an inventory of potential naturally processed
   epitopes, whole human PI or the transitional region between the B-chain
   and C-peptide were digested with purified proteasome complexes. By
   combining proteasome digestion data with epitope prediction algorithms,
   candidate epitopes restricted by HLA-A2.1 and other HLA class I
   molecules were identified. We validated immunogenicity and natural
   processing of the identified PI epitopes in HLA-A2.1-transgenic mice,
   while others demonstrated recognition of multiple PI epitopes by CD8+ T
   cells from T1DM and healthy subjects in the context of different HLA
   class I molecules. These results demonstrate the power of reverse
   immunology strategies for epitope discovery. DNA vaccination of
   HLA-transgenic mice may be another rapid and efficient reverse
   immunology approach to map additional epitopes derived from other T1DM
   Ags, such as IA-2 and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65). Transfer
   of this information to Elispot- and MHC tetramer-based assay formats
   should allow to reliably detect and characterize autoreactive CD8+ T
   cell responses in T1DM, and may open new avenues for early T1DM
   diagnosis and immune intervention.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1375.030}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-641-5}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mallone, Roberto/H-4430-2013}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243126100030}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000243126100046,
Author = {Rassi, Diane M. and Junta, Cristina M. and Fachin, Ana L. and
   Sandrin-Garcia, Paula and Mello, Stephano S. and Fernandes, Ana P. M.
   and Deghaide, Neife N. H. S. and Foss-Freitas, Maria C. and Foss, Milton
   C. and Sakamoto-Hojo, Elza T. and Passos, Geraldo A. S. and Donadi,
   Eduardo A.},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Hanafusa, T}},
Title = {{Is HLA class II profile relevant for the study of large-scale
   differentially expressed genes in type I diabetes mellitus patients?}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES IV: PROGRESS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING}},
Series = {{Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1079}},
Pages = {{305-309}},
Note = {{8th Meeting of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, Awaji Isl, JAPAN, OCT
   06-09, 2005}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{We have previously identified 30 differentially expressed genes when
   comparing recently diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus (DM-1) patients
   and controls paired for sex, age, and ethnic background. In this article
   we performed the hierarchical clustering of these genes taking into
   account the human-leukocyte-antigen (HLA)-DRB1/DQB1 profile. The
   dendrogram obtained using the Cluster program grouped patients and
   controls into three clusters, one including individuals with no
   susceptibility alleles, another including individuals with at least
   three susceptibility alleles, and a third intermingling
   susceptibility/protective alleles. In addition to other variables, the
   results of the present article suggest that the major histocompatibility
   complex (MHC) class II profile may be of relevance for the study of a
   large-scale differentially expressed genes.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1375.046}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-641-5}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Passos, Geraldo/A-2899-2008
   Sakamoto-Hojo, Elza /C-3959-2012
   FERNANDES, ANA PAULA/H-8671-2012
   Foss-Freitas, Maria/F-1197-2013
   donadi, eduardo/H-7080-2013}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Foss-Freitas, Maria/0000-0002-1350-1125
   }},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243126100046}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000243126100055,
Author = {Lyungberg, Martin and Korpela, Riita and Ilonen, Jorma and Ludvigsson,
   Johnny and Vaapala, Outi},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Hanafusa, T}},
Title = {{Probiotics for the prevention of beta cell autoimmunity in children at
   genetic risk of type 1 diabetes- the PRODIA study}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES IV: PROGRESS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1079}},
Pages = {{360-364}},
Note = {{8th Meeting of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, Awaji Isl, JAPAN, OCT
   06-09, 2005}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{The final aim of the PRODIA study is to determine whether the use of
   probiotics during the first 6 months of life decreases the appearance of
   type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated autoantibodies in children
   with genetic risk for T1DM. A pilot study including 200 subjects was
   planned to show whether the use of probiotics during the first 6 months
   of life is safe and feasible. The prevalence of autoantibodies among the
   study subjects at 6, 12, and 24 months of age was at levels close to the
   expected and the clinical follow-up did not either indicate problems in
   the feasibility of the study.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1375.055}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-641-5}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lu, Chin-Li/C-3832-2012}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243126100055}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000243126100057,
Author = {Young, Daniel L. and Ramanujan, Saroja and Kreuwel, Huub T. C. and
   Whiting, Chan Chung and Gadkar, Kapil G. and Shoda, Lisl K. M.},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Hanafusa, T}},
Title = {{Mechanisms mediating anti-CD3 antibody efficacy - Insights from a
   mathematical model of type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES IV: PROGRESS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2006}},
Volume = {{1079}},
Pages = {{369-373}},
Note = {{8th Meeting of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, Awaji Isl, JAPAN, OCT
   06-09, 2005}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{Anti-CD3 antibody therapy, a promising clinical approach for the
   treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D), was investigated using a
   mathematical model of T1D in the female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse.
   Analyses of model simulation results indicate that, in addition to the
   known direct effects of anti-CD3 antibody on T lymphocytes, two
   additional mechanisms are required for sustained disease remission: (a)
   rapid regrowth of healthy beta cells following clearance of islet
   inflammation and (b) enhanced regulatory T cell activity and/or
   phenotypic changes in antigen presenting cells (APCs) that promote a
   stable regulatory environment in the pancreas.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1375.057}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-641-5}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243126100057}},
}

@article{ ISI:000231317000046,
Author = {Wang, J and Yoshida, T and Nakaki, F and Hiai, H and Okazaki, T and
   Honjo, T},
Title = {{Establishment of NOD-Pdcd1(-/-) mice as an efficient animal model of
   type I diabetes}},
Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA}},
Year = {{2005}},
Volume = {{102}},
Number = {{33}},
Pages = {{11823-11828}},
Month = {{AUG 16}},
Abstract = {{Mice deficient in programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, Pdcd1), an
   immunoinhibitory receptor belonging to the CD28/cytotoxic T
   lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 family, spontaneously develop lupus-like
   autoimmune disease and autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy on C57BL/6 and
   BALB/c backgrounds, respectively. However, how PD-1 deficiency induces
   different forms of autoimmune diseases on these two strains was unknown.
   Here, we report that PD-1 deficiency specifically accelerates the onset
   and frequency of type I diabetes in NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice, with
   strong T helper 1 polarization of T cells infiltrating into islets.
   These results suggest that PD-1 deficiency accelerates autoimmune
   predisposition of the background strain, leading to the induction of
   different forms of autoimmune diseases depending on the genetic
   background of the strain. Using NOD-Pdcd1(-/-) mice as an efficient
   animal model of type I diabetes, we screened diabetes-susceptible loci
   by genetic linkage analysis. The diabetic incidence of NOD-Pdcd1(-/-)
   mice was controlled by five genetic loci, including three known
   recessive loci {[}Idd (insulin-dependent diabetes) 1, Idd17, and Idd20]
   and two previously unidentified dominant loci {[}Iddp (Idd under PD-1
   deficiency) 1 and Iddp2].}},
DOI = {{10.1073/pnas.0505497102}},
ISSN = {{0027-8424}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Nakaki, Fumio/B-8284-2015}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Nakaki, Fumio/0000-0003-4332-7735}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000231317000046}},
}

@article{ ISI:000230452000007,
Author = {Zheng, YZ and Zhao, M},
Title = {{Modified minimal model using a single-step fitting process for the
   intravenous glucose tolerance test in Type 2 diabetes and healthy humans}},
Journal = {{COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE}},
Year = {{2005}},
Volume = {{79}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{73-79}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Abstract = {{The classical minimal model with single compartment was modified by the
   assumption that the insulin decay rate is not always a first-order
   process, and a mathematical function for describing the insulin infusion
   rate is introduced. The modified model was used to study four sets of
   published data including healthy humans and Type 2 diabetes with
   different types of insulin infusion rates. The single-step fitting
   process took the glucose-insulin system as a dynamic integrated
   physiological system and generated the real optimized model parameters
   from the experimental data using the modified model. It also avoided the
   errors from the interpolation or extrapolation for taking measured
   insulin points as inputs, which were mostly employed in publications
   when using the single or multi-compartments minimal model. The averaged
   R-2 value between measured and calculated plasma concentrations for
   these four cases is 0.977, which indicates excellent agreement. (C) 2005
   Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.cmpb.2005.03.007}},
ISSN = {{0169-2607}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230452000007}},
}

@article{ ISI:000229048500053,
Author = {Jaeschke, A and Rincon, M and Doran, B and Reilly, J and Neuberg, D and
   Greiner, DL and Shultz, LD and Rossini, AA and Flavell, RA and Davis, RJ},
Title = {{Disruption of the Jnk2 (Mapk9) gene reduces destructive insulitis and
   diabetes in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes}},
Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA}},
Year = {{2005}},
Volume = {{102}},
Number = {{19}},
Pages = {{6931-6935}},
Month = {{MAY 10}},
Abstract = {{The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase isoform (JNK) 1 is implicated in type 2
   diabetes. However, a potential role for the JNK2 protein kinase in
   diabetes has not been established. Here, we demonstrate that JNK2 may
   play an important role in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes that is
   caused by autoimmune destruction of \β cells. Studies of nonobese
   diabetic mice demonstrated that disruption of the Mapk9 gene (which
   encodes the JNK2 protein kinase) decreased destructive insulitis and
   reduced disease progression to diabetes. CD4(+) T cells from
   JNK2-deficient nonobese diabetic mice produced less IFN-\γ but
   significantly increased amounts of IL-4 and IL-5, indicating
   polarization toward the Th2 phenotype. This role of JNK2 to control the
   Th1/Th2 balance of the immune response represents a mechanism of
   protection against autoimmune diabetes. We conclude that JNK protein
   kinases may have important roles in diabetes, including functions of
   JNK1 in type 2 diabetes and JNK2 in type 1 diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1073/pnas.0502143102}},
ISSN = {{0027-8424}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229048500053}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000230987800065,
Author = {Khan, N and Ikejiaku, CA and Rahman, S},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE Comp Soc}},
Title = {{Prediction of type II MODY3 diabetes using backpercolation}},
Booktitle = {{18th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, Proceedings}},
Series = {{COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL IEEE
   SYMPOSIUM}},
Year = {{2005}},
Pages = {{401-403}},
Note = {{18th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, Dublin, IRELAND,
   JUN 23-24, 2005}},
Organization = {{IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Computat Med; Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Comp
   Sci; Sci Fdn Ireland}},
Abstract = {{In this study, a neural network based approach is used to predict the
   presence of Maturity Onset Diabetes type 3, referred as MODY3 Type II
   diabetes mellitus. The study has used backoercolation neural network
   algorithm to predict the specific genetic mutation that causes the MODY3
   type H diabetes mellitus. A set of coded numeric values are assigned for
   numeric representation of genetic data that are available in public
   domain repositories. A point mutation is introduced in a portion of the
   nucleotide for the mutation prediction to train the data set. The study
   has demonstrated that backpercolation neural network algorithm is useful
   to train and to predict gene point mutation that leads to MODY3 type H
   diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/CBMS.2005.85}},
ISSN = {{1063-7125}},
ISBN = {{0-7695-2355-2}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230987800065}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000238998400077,
Author = {Mougiakakou, S. G. and Prountzou, K. and Nikita, K. S.},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{A real time simulation model of glucose-insulin metabolism for type I
   diabetes patients}},
Booktitle = {{2005 27TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN
   MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-7}},
Series = {{PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING
   IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2005}},
Pages = {{298-301}},
Note = {{27th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, Shanghai, PEOPLES R
   CHINA, AUG 31-SEP 03, 2005}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Chinese Acad Engn Sci}},
Abstract = {{In this paper, a simulation model of glucose-insulin metabolism for Type
   1 diabetes patients is presented. The proposed system is based on the
   combination of Compartmental Models (CMs) and artificial Neural Networks
   (NNs). This model alms at the development of an accurate system, in
   order to assist Type 1 diabetes patients to handle their blood glucose
   profile and recognize dangerous metabolic states. Data from a Type 1
   diabetes patient, stored in a database, have been used as input to the
   hybrid system. The data contain information about measured blood glucose
   levels, insulin intake, and description of food intake, along with the
   corresponding time. The data are passed to three separate CMs, which
   produce estimations about (i) the effect of Short Acting (SA) insulin
   intake on blood insulin concentration, (ii) the effect of Intermediate
   Acting (IA) insulin intake on blood insulin concentration, and (iii) the
   effect of carbohydrate intake on blood glucose absorption from the gut.
   The outputs of the three CMs are passed to a Recurrent NN (RNN) in order
   to predict subsequent blood glucose levels. The RNN is trained with the
   Real Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm. The resulted blood
   glucose predictions are promising for the use of the proposed model for
   blood glucose level estimation for Type 1 diabetes patients.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/IEMBS.2005.1616403}},
ISSN = {{1094-687X}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-8740-6}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238998400077}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000238998403105,
Author = {Park, Kyung-Soon and Kim, Nam-Jin and Hong, Ju-Hyan and Park, Mi-Sook
   and Cha, Eun-Jong and Lee, Tae-Soo},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{PDA based point-of-care personal diabetes management system}},
Booktitle = {{2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
   Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-7}},
Series = {{PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING
   IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2005}},
Pages = {{3749-3752}},
Note = {{27th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, Shanghai, PEOPLES R
   CHINA, AUG 31-SEP 03, 2005}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Chinese Acad Engn Sci}},
Abstract = {{Diabetes is an incurable chronic disease with the prevalence high in
   developed countries. The number of patients in Korea is also on a steady
   increase. Patients have to self-manage their blood glucose level by
   daily test and insulin injection. Therefore, it is very important to
   assist them in self-management procedure. In this study, PDA(Personal
   Digital Assistant) based PDMS(Personal Diabetes Management System) was
   developed in the integrated environment of Visual Studio NET 2003, which
   consisted of four main menus to manage personal information, diet,
   exercise, and blood glucose. It gives quantitative health indices, such
   as BMI(Body Mass Index) and diabetes index, based on personal physical
   information, pedigree, and living habits. In addition, it is capable of
   predicting change of the body weight, which may remind patients of the
   importance of the disease management. The present system can be used as
   a mobile device within the tele-healthcare system integrated with
   medical center through internet.}},
ISSN = {{1094-687X}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-8740-6}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238998403105}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000230301200007,
Author = {Gao, J and Denzinger, J and James, RC},
Editor = {{Gorodetsky, V and Liu, J and Skormin, VA}},
Title = {{A cooperative multi-agent data mining model and its application to
   medical data on diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{AUTONOMOUS INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: AGENTS AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS}},
Series = {{LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE}},
Year = {{2005}},
Volume = {{3505}},
Pages = {{93-107}},
Note = {{International Workshop on Autonomous Intelligent Systems - Agents and
   Data Mining (AIS-ADM 2005), St Petersburg, RUSSIA, JUN 06-08, 2005}},
Organization = {{Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Inst Informat \& Automat; Binghamton
   Univ; Web Intelligence Consortium; EOARD; USAF; USN Off Naval Res
   Global; USA Res Lab European Res Off; Russian Fdn Basic Res}},
Abstract = {{We present CoLe, a model for cooperative agents for mining knowledge
   from heterogeneous data. CoLe allows for the cooperation of different
   mining agents and the combination of the mined knowledge into knowledge
   structures that no individual mining agent can produce alone. CoLe
   organizes the work in rounds so that knowledge discovered by one mining
   agent can help others in the next round. We implemented a multi-agent
   system based on CoLe for mining diabetes data, including an agent using
   a genetic algorithm for mining event sequences, an agent with
   improvements to the PART algorithm for our problem and a combination
   agent with methods to produce hybrid rules containing conjunctive and
   sequence conditions. In our experiments, the CoLe-based system
   outperformed the individual mining algorithms, with better rules and
   more rules of a certain quality. From the medical perspective, our
   system confirmed hypertension has a tight relation to diabetes, and it
   also suggested connections new to medical doctors.}},
ISSN = {{0302-9743}},
ISBN = {{3-540-26164-8}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Denzinger, Jorg/0000-0002-1450-8230}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230301200007}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000230000900045,
Author = {Nomura, T and Sakai, K},
Editor = {{Sugahara, T and Morishima, H and Sohrabi, M and Sasaki, Y and Hayata, I and Akiba, S}},
Title = {{Effects of low dose-rate irradiation on the glucose metabolism in type
   II diabetes model mice}},
Booktitle = {{HIGH LEVELS OF NATURAL RADIATION AND RADON AREAS: RADIATION DOSE AND
   HEALTH EFFECTS}},
Series = {{INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES}},
Year = {{2005}},
Volume = {{1276}},
Pages = {{185-186}},
Note = {{6th International Conference on High Levels of Natural Radiation and
   Radon Areas, Kinki Univ, Osaka, JAPAN, SEP 06-10, 2004}},
Organization = {{Hlth Res Fdn; Japan Vasc Dis Res Fdn; Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst;
   Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70; Inoue Fdn Sci; Kao Fdn Arts \&
   Sci; Osaka Convent \& Tourism Bur; Chiyoda Technol Corp; Kansai Elect
   Power Co; Tokyo Elect Power Co; Pony Ind Co Ltd; Fuji elect Syst Co Ltd;
   Aloka Co Ltd; Nagase Landauer Ltd}},
Abstract = {{We examined the effects of low dose-rate irradiation on the levels of
   glucose and insulin in the mice. Ten-week-old female type II diabetes
   model (db) mice were irradiated with gamma-rays at 0.30, 0.70 or 1.2
   mGy/h. The level of plasma glucose and the level of plasma insulin was
   measured. After the irradiation for 24 days, in the control mice, the
   level of insulin was decreased to 50\% of the initial level, while the
   decrease was significantly less in the irradiated mice. The mice were
   irradiated for 2 weeks, and then, after one night fast, they were
   subjected to a glucose tolerance test. In the irradiated mice, the
   glucose level was gradually increased. In the non-irradiated mice, the
   glucose level increased rapidly and the level was kept. These results
   suggest that the low dose-rate irradiation improved the effectiveness of
   insulin on the insulin metabolisms and the glucose metabolism in the db
   mice. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ics.2004.12.004}},
ISSN = {{0531-5131}},
ISBN = {{0-444-51431-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230000900045}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000239784000016,
Author = {Izworski, Andrzej and Koleszynska, Joanna and Tadeusiewicz, Ryszard and
   Bulka, Jaroslaw and Wochlik, Ireneusz},
Editor = {{Jennett, P and Rangayyan, RM}},
Title = {{Gigisim (glucose-insulin and Glycemic Index web simulator) - The online
   system supporting diabetes therapy}},
Booktitle = {{Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on TELEHEALTH}},
Year = {{2005}},
Pages = {{80-83}},
Note = {{IASTED International Conference on Telehealth, Banff, CANADA, JUL 19-21,
   2005}},
Organization = {{Int Assoc Sci \& Technol Dev}},
Abstract = {{In the paper an open access internet based computer system has been
   described, visualizing the patient's postprandial plasma glucose (PPG),
   determined from an adaptive simulation model of pancreas gland. In the
   insulin-dependent diabetes, which requires continual insulin dosing, it
   is necessary to coordinate the meal time with the drug injection. In the
   insulin-independent diabetes, if it has been diagnosed early enough, a
   properly composed diet may be a sufficient form of therapy. In both
   cases the visualization of the plasma glucose level, correlated with the
   nutrition equivalent of the recent meals, may be helpful in limiting the
   invasive procedures or assist in proper choice of the diet. At the same
   time the results of such a simulation may be used by persons fighting
   obesity, as a direct help in distinguishing between physiological hunger
   and the abnormal one, resulting from excessive variations of glucose and
   insulin levels in blood. One of the intermediate goals of the present
   paper was the introduction of proper modifications to the existing model
   of the dynamic glucose-insulin dependence, in order to enable the
   prediction of PPG levels for both healthy and ill persons, based on the
   last meal time and its nutrition rate determined by the Glycemic Index
   (GI). Additionally the model has been enhanced to take into account
   individual parameters (adaptiveness), which may affect the simulation
   results. A simplified version of the application may be implemented in
   portable devices like palmtops or mobile phones.}},
ISBN = {{0-88986-506-X}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Izworski, Andrzej/C-8936-2013}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239784000016}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000231831000068,
Author = {Kuznetsova, L and Plesneva, S and Shpakov, A and Pertseva, M},
Editor = {{Sherwood, OD and Fields, PA and Steinetz, BG}},
Title = {{Relaxin adenylyl cyclase system of pregnant women with diabetes -
   Functional defects in insulin and relaxin adenylyl cyclase signaling
   systems in myometrium of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{RELAXIN AND RELATED PEPTIDES: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2005}},
Volume = {{1041}},
Pages = {{446-448}},
Note = {{4th International Conference on Relaxin and Related Peptides, Moran, WY,
   SEP, 2004}},
Organization = {{Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign Sch Mol \& Cellular Biol; Bas Med;
   Immunodiagnostik AG; Lalor Fdn; March Dimes; NICHD; USDA, CSREES; Univ
   Guelph}},
Abstract = {{The study was conducted to reveal the functional disturbances in two
   novel insulin and relaxin adenylyl cyclase signaling mechanisms (ACSMs).
   It was shown for the first time that in myometrium of pregnant women
   with insulin insufficiency the functional defects of Gs-protein-AC
   coupling in insulin- and relaxin H2-regulated AC systems were developed.
   As a result, the sensitivity of the signaling systems to both hormones
   and potentiation of their AC effects by guanine nucleotides were
   markedly decreased compared with that in control group. These functional
   defects in ACSM may lead to violation of the process of insulin and
   relaxin signal transduction.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1282.068}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-484-6}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000231831000068}},
}

@article{ ISI:000224591400009,
Author = {Kobayashi, K and Kobayashi, N and Okitsu, T and Yong, C and Fukazawa, T
   and Ikeda, H and Kosaka, Y and Narushima, M and Arata, T and Tanaka, N},
Title = {{Development of a porcine model of type 1 diabetes by total
   pancreatectomy and establishment of a glucose tolerance evaluation
   method}},
Journal = {{ARTIFICIAL ORGANS}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{28}},
Number = {{11}},
Pages = {{1035-1042}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{Purpose: To develop and evaluate the efficacy of diabetes-targeted cell
   therapies in humans, a reliable model in larger animals is highly
   desirable. This article reports the surgical technique of total
   pancreatectomy in pigs and the biochemical analysis of the
   characteristics of totally pancreatectomized pigs. Methods: Surgical
   total pancreatectomy was conducted in 23 pigs. Blood glucose, insulin,
   biochemistries, activity index, and intravenous glucose tolerance test
   (IVGTT) were examined to assess the pathophysiological profiles of
   diabetic pigs. Results: A total of 14 pigs successfully underwent total
   pancreatectomy without requiring biliary reconstruction and were
   analyzed in the present study. Activity index was decreased from day 5
   on and the mean survival of totally pancreatectomized pigs was 7.6 +/-
   2.7 days. No endogenous insulin secretion was confirmed in these pigs.
   Pigs which received total pancreatectomy demonstrated significantly
   higher levels of ketone bodies. IVGTT performed within 4 days after
   total pancreatectomy showed a spontaneous decrease in blood glucose
   levels despite an absence of endogenous insulin secretion. IVGTT on day
   5 or later showed continued hyperglycemia in pigs with total
   pancreatectomy. Histological examination showed atrophy of hepatocytes
   and decreased glycogen storage in the liver and decreased mucus
   production of the small intestine. Conclusion: This article describes a
   porcine model of diabetes created by total pancreatectomy and it
   analyzes the pathophysiological profiles in the animals. The present
   study has suggested that IVGTT on day 5 or later after total
   pancreatectomy is a reliable method to evaluate the efficacy of cell
   therapies.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.00002.x}},
ISSN = {{0160-564X}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224591400009}},
}

@article{ ISI:000223879600003,
Author = {Bedell, SE and Agrawal, A and Petersen, LE},
Title = {{A systematic critique of diabetes on the world wide web for patients and
   their physicians}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{73}},
Number = {{9-10}},
Pages = {{687-694}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Purpose: The web, a widely accessed medium for patients to obtain health
   information, has special relevance for patients with diabetes. This
   paper critiques the publicly available web sites for diabetes, and it
   establishes criteria for excellence in these sites. Methods: A web
   search for diabetes mellitus based on Google, Yahoo, and the directory
   Mendosa provided the basis for the study. We defined and evaluated three
   major categories for each site: usability, content, and reliability.
   Usability was defined by design, ease of navigation, interactivity, and
   internal search capability. Content was based on the quality of general
   information about diabetes, discussions about monitoring blood glucose,
   meat planning, exercise, complications, medications, alternative
   therapies, resources, and support systems. Reliability was defined by
   the presence of the HON code, identification of an author, and the
   availability of experts. Results: The focused Mendosa search produced 47
   web sites. The majority were published by commercial organizations. Five
   sites were found to have the best usability. Other sites were cluttered
   or inundated with distracting information from advertisements. Content
   was generally excellent but limited by an absence of specific advice and
   information about controlling associated risk factors for cardiovascular
   disease. Only 17\% of sites met all criteria for reliability. The sites
   that best met the criteria for quality were the American Diabetes
   Association (www.diabetes.org) and the Joslin Diabetes Center
   (www.joslin.org). Conclusions: Despite the large numbers of publicly
   available web sites for diabetes, only a few met criteria for quality.
   The physician's input and ongoing evaluation of these quality measures
   are essential to assure that patients get meaningful and relevant
   information from the web about managing diabetes. (C) 2004 Elsevier
   Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.04.011}},
ISSN = {{1386-5056}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223879600003}},
}

@article{ ISI:000223556600011,
Author = {Hovorka, R and Canonico, V and Chassin, LJ and Haueter, U and
   Massi-Benedetti, M and Federici, MO and Pieber, TR and Schaller, HC and
   Schaupp, L and Vering, T and Wilinska, ME},
Title = {{Nonlinear model predictive control of glucose concentration in subjects
   with type 1 diabetes}},
Journal = {{PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{25}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{905-920}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Note = {{World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sydney,
   AUSTRALIA, AUG, 2003}},
Abstract = {{A nonlinear model predictive controller has been developed to maintain
   normoglycemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes during fasting conditions
   such as during overnight fast. The controller employs a compartment
   model, which represents the glucoregulatory system and includes
   submodels representing absorption of subcutaneously administered
   short-acting insulin Lispro and gut absorption. The controller uses
   Bayesian parameter estimation to determine time-varying model
   parameters. Moving target trajectory facilitates slow, controlled
   normalization of elevated glucose levels and faster normalization of low
   glucose values. The predictive capabilities of the model have been
   evaluated using data from 15 clinical experiments in subjects with type
   1 diabetes. The experiments employed intravenous glucose sampling (every
   15 min) and subcutaneous infusion of insulin Lispro by insulin pump
   (modified also every 15 min). The model gave glucose predictions with a
   mean square error proportionally related to the prediction horizon with
   the value of 0.2 mmol L-1 per 15 min. The assessment of clinical utility
   of model-based glucose predictions using Clarke error grid analysis gave
   95\% of values in zone A and the remaining 5\% of values in zone B for
   glucose predictions up to 60 min (n = 1674). In conclusion, adaptive
   nonlinear model predictive control is promising for the control of
   glucose concentration during fasting conditions in subjects with type 1
   diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1088/0967-3334/25/4/010}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0967-3334(04)80244-2}},
ISSN = {{0967-3334}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Schaupp, Lukas/F-8805-2013
   Hovorka, Roman/J-4123-2016}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hovorka, Roman/0000-0003-2901-461X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223556600011}},
}

@article{ ISI:000221089100005,
Author = {Boutayeb, A and Twizell, EH},
Title = {{An age structured model for complications of diabetes mellitus in
   Morocco}},
Journal = {{SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{12}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{77-87}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{During the last few decades, the incidence and prevalence of diabetes
   and its complications have increased all around the world. Prevention of
   complications such as blindness, kidney failure, heart disease and
   amputations would not only improve peoples quality of life, but would
   also reduce costs of the national health and social services alike.
   In the present paper, using specific parameter settings, partial
   differential equations are used to monitor the size of a population of
   diabetics in order to control the number of diabetics developing
   complications in each age category.
   A numerical method is proposed and three scenarios are considered. The
   results show clearly the dynamical evolution of the population from the
   stage of diabetes to the stage of diabetes with complications. (C) 2003
   Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.simpat.2003.11.003}},
ISSN = {{1569-190X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221089100005}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000228209800024,
Author = {Ubeyli, ED and Guler, NF and Guler, I},
Editor = {{Malpica, F and Welsch, F and Tremante, A and Chang, M and Hsia, YT}},
Title = {{Usage of information technologies in medicine: A model developed for
   diabetes education via telemedicine}},
Booktitle = {{APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION
   AND TRAINING}},
Year = {{2004}},
Pages = {{131-136}},
Note = {{International Conference on Education and Information Systems -
   Technologies and Application, Orlando, FL, JUL 21-25, 2004}},
Abstract = {{Fast developments in information and communication technology have made
   it possible to develop new services for people. One of the most
   interesting areas is health care. Medical informatics is the discipline
   concerned with the systematic processing of data, information and
   knowledge in medicine and health care. Information services, medical
   decision support systems and telemedicine are becoming important tools
   for medical professionals and also people who are interested in health
   related information. Medical decision support aims at providing health
   care professionals with therapy guidelines directly at the. point of
   care. Telemedicine is the use of modern telecommunications and
   information technologies for the provision of clinical care to
   individuals at a distance and transmission of information to provide
   that care. In the present study. usage of information technologies in
   medicine, medical decision support systems, computerized medical
   measurements, patient education and network connectivity was described.
   A model for risk evaluation, data collection and education of
   undiagnosed diabetes using the world wide web (www) was presented.}},
ISBN = {{980-6560-11-6}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000228209800024}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000229602301043,
Author = {Lawless, K and Gerber, B and Smolin, L},
Editor = {{Cantoni, L and McLoughlin, C}},
Title = {{Diabetes and your eyes: A pilot study on multimedia education for
   underserved populations}},
Booktitle = {{ED-MEDIA 2004: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia \&
   Telecommunications, Vols. 1-7}},
Year = {{2004}},
Pages = {{1074-1079}},
Note = {{World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and
   Telecommunications, Lugano, SWITZERLAND, JUN 21-26, 2004}},
Abstract = {{There is a growing interest in the use of multimedia educational
   materials for individuals with chronic diseases. However, there is
   little data available regarding use by underserved populations,
   particularly urban African-Americans and Latinos. The purpose of this
   pilot study was to create multimedia instruction for diabetes preventive
   care (i.e. dilated eye examinations) and investigate its usability and
   interest among specific targeted outpatients. A touch screen kiosk was
   incorporated into a clinical waiting room specifically for patient
   education. Results demonstrated ability and interest in computer use for
   patient education regardless of educational background or computer
   experience. Future implementation of similar educational interventions
   may likely require addressing the same barriers related to difference in
   culture, educational background, literacy level, language, and computer
   expertise.}},
ISBN = {{1-880094-53-3}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229602301043}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000227728900017,
Author = {Schlosser, M and Strebelow, M and Rjasanowski, I and Kerner, W and
   Wassmuth, R and Ziegler, M},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Gale, EAM}},
Title = {{Prevalence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in schoolchildren - The
   Karlsburg type 1 diabetes risk study}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES III}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{1037}},
Pages = {{114-117}},
Note = {{7th Meeting of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, Cambridge, ENGLAND,
   MAR 28-31, 2004}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{This study attempts to assess the prevalence of diabetes-associated
   autoantibodies in a general population in the northeastern part of
   Germany, with emphasis on autoantibodies against glutamic acid
   decarboxylase (GADA), protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A), and insulin
   (IAA) by radioassays >= 98th percentile, and AAbs binding on pancreatic
   sections (ICA) by immunofluorescence >= 10 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation
   units. From a total of 11,840 schoolchildren tested for all four AAbs,
   821 (6.9\%) children were positive for single AAbs, whereas 83 (0.7\%)
   had multiple AAbs. If the primary screening were performed by testing
   GADA/IA-2A/IAA, 94\% of probands with single AAbs and all with multiple
   AAbs would be identified. The combinations of GADA/IA-2A, GADA/IAA, and
   IA-2A/IAA would identify 97.6, 98.8, and 85.5\%, of probands with
   multiple AAbs, respectively. Thus, combined AAb screening in the general
   population identifies those probands at risk for diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1337.017}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-539-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227728900017}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000227728900034,
Author = {Rajasalu, T and Barth, C and Spyrantis, A and Durinovic-Bello, I and
   Uibo, R and Schirmbeck, R and Boehm, BO and Karges, W},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Gale, EAM}},
Title = {{Experimental autoimmune diabetes: A new tool to study mechanisms and
   consequences of insulin-specific autoimmunity}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES III}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{1037}},
Pages = {{208-215}},
Note = {{7th Meeting of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, Cambridge, ENGLAND,
   MAR 28-31, 2004}},
Organization = {{Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{(Prepro)insulin is considered a central antigenic determinant in
   diabetic autoimmunity. Insulin has been used to modify diabetes
   development in NOD mice and prediabetic individuals. We have recently
   shown that (prepro)insulin can adversely promote diabetes development in
   murine type 1 diabetes. Based on these findings we have developed
   experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD), a new mouse model characterized
   by (1) CD4(+)/CD8(+) insulitis, induced by (2) (prepro)insulin DNA
   vaccination, leading to (3) beta cell damage and insulin deficiency in
   (4) RIP-B7.1 transgenic mice (H-2b). EAD develops rapidly in 60-95\% of
   mice after intramuscular, but not intradermal ({''}gene gun{''}),
   vaccination; and DNA plasmids expressing insulin or the insulin
   analogues glargine, aspart, and lispro are equally potent to induce EAD.
   Similar to NOD mice, diabetes is adoptively transferred into syngeneic
   recipients by spleen cell transplantation in a dose-dependent fashion.
   We have devised a two-stage concept of EAD in which T cell activation
   and expansion is driven by in vivo autoantigen expression, followed by
   islet damage that requires beta cell expression of costimulatory B7.1
   for disease manifestation. Taken together, EAD is a novel, genetically
   defined animal model of type 1 diabetes suitable to analyze mechanisms
   and consequences of insulin-specific T cell autoimmunity.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1337.034}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-539-7}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Boehm, Bernhard/F-8750-2015}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227728900034}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000226097900016,
Author = {Huang, Y and McCullagh, P and Black, N and Harper, R},
Editor = {{Lopez, JA and Benfenati, E and Dubitzky, W}},
Title = {{Evaluation of outcome prediction for a clinical diabetes database}},
Booktitle = {{KNOWLEDGE EXPLORATION IN LIFE SCIENCE INFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS}},
Series = {{Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{3303}},
Pages = {{181-190}},
Note = {{International Symposium on Knowledge Exploration in Life Science
   Informatics, Milan, ITALY, NOV 25-26, 2004}},
Organization = {{COST Act 282, European Sci Fdn}},
Abstract = {{Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which can be greatly affected by
   lifestyle. The disease cannot be cured but can be controlled, which will
   minimize the complications such as heart disease, stroke and blindness.
   Clinicians routinely collect large amounts of information on diabetic
   patients as part of their day to day management for control of the
   disease. We investigate the potential for data mining in order to spot
   trends in the data and attempt to predict outcome. Feature selection has
   been used to improve the efficiency of the data mining algorithms and
   identify the contribution of different features to diabetes control
   status prediction. Decision trees can provide classification accuracy
   over 78\%. However, while most bad control cases (90\%) can be correctly
   classified, at least 50\% of good control cases will be misclassified,
   which means that current feature selection and prediction models
   illustrate some potential but need additional refinement.}},
ISSN = {{0302-9743}},
ISBN = {{3-540-23927-8}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{McCullagh, Paul/0000-0002-9060-6262}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226097900016}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000226723300050,
Author = {Rahman, Y and Knape, T and Gargan, M and Power, G and Hederman, L and
   Wade, V and Nolan, J and Grimson, J},
Editor = {{Fieschi, M and Coiera, E and Li, YCJ}},
Title = {{e-clinic: An electronic triage system in the management of type 2
   diabetes mellitus}},
Booktitle = {{MEDINFO 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICAL
   INFORMATICS, PT 1 AND 2}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{107}},
Pages = {{246-250}},
Note = {{11th World Congress on Medical Informatics, Amer Med Informat Assoc, San
   Francisco, CA, SEP 07-11, 2004}},
Organization = {{Int Med Informat Assoc}},
Abstract = {{Diabetes Mellitus represents a heterogeneous group of metabolic
   disorders and its complications are associated with increased morbidity
   and early mortality. The explosive increase of the number of patients
   with diabetes, and several recommendations from milestone studies such
   as the United Kingdom Prospective Study (UKPDS), the Diabetes Prevention
   Program (DPP) and the Finnish Prevention Study place further constraint
   on an already overstretched service. This paper examines the care flow
   process in the current diabetes management and explores the potential
   role of new technologies and methodologies currently available to
   support the highly complex clinical requirements. The paper proposes a
   concept of e-clinic as an electronic triage system with integrated
   healthcare record, embedded with a decision support system to analyse
   patients' data and provide a continuous monitoring system according to
   agreed clinical guidelines.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{1-58603-444-8}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{hederman, Lucy/0000-0001-6073-4063}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226723300050}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000225969000013,
Author = {Wang, XJ and Ghosh, S},
Editor = {{Valafar, F and Valafar, H}},
Title = {{Mathematical modeling reveals that the recent developmental secular
   trend may contribute to the epidemiological changes of type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{METMBS `04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS
   AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2004}},
Pages = {{82-87}},
Note = {{International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in
   Medicine and Biological Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, JUN 21-24, 2004}},
Abstract = {{In recent years, the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is
   shifting towards a younger age and the incidence rate is rising.
   Epidemiology studies suggest that a child's risk for disease may
   correlate with their developmental stage, as the highest incidence rate
   was observed in the first few years of life, and around puberty. The
   underlying mechanisms for these observations are still not known.
   Utilizing a mathematical model of T1DM pathogenesis that we recently
   developed, we approach this question through the study of the dynamic
   process of beta-cell destruction. We found that the system dynamic
   stability of an individual depends on the natural turnover of beta-cell.
   More active beta-cell mass dynamics will lead to a less stable system
   against pathological disturbance, and vice versa. Together with the
   facts that the beta-cell turnover is very rapid during the neonatal age
   and is elevated again during puberty, and the developmental secular
   trend in recent decades, our model potentially offers an explanation for
   the epidemiological observations. We will also discuss the implications
   of these findings to the genetic and epidemiological study of diabetes,
   as well as to its prevention and management.}},
ISBN = {{1-932415-43-2}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225969000013}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000227728600037,
Author = {Devendra, D and Paronen, J and Liu, E and Moriyama, H and Taylor, R and
   Miao, DM and Yu, LP and Eisenbarth, G},
Editor = {{Weiner, HL and Mayer, L and Strober, W}},
Title = {{Comparative study of oral versus subcutaneous B : 9-23 insulin peptide
   in Balb/c mice as an experimental model for autoimmune diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{ORAL TOLERANCE: NEW INSIGHTS AND PROSPECTS FOR CLINICAL APPLICATION}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{1029}},
Pages = {{331-333}},
Note = {{Conference on Oral Tolerance, New York, NY, OCT 23-26, 2003}},
Organization = {{New York Acad Sci}},
Abstract = {{Insulin peptide B:9-23 (amino acids 9 to 23 of the B chain) can induce
   immune targeting of insulin and islets in normal Balb/c mice. The
   insulin autoantibodies induced react with insulin and not the immunizing
   peptide. Oral administration of insulin as well as subcutaneous insulin
   can sensitize to insulin.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1309.038}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-508-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227728600037}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000225461800204,
Author = {Fernandez, M and Acosta, D and Villasana, M and Streja, D},
Book-Group-Author = {{ieee}},
Title = {{Enhancing parameter precision and the minimal modeling approach in type
   I diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE
   ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-7}},
Series = {{PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING
   IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{26}},
Number = {{1-7}},
Pages = {{797-800}},
Note = {{26th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, San Francisco, CA, SEP
   01-05, 2004}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Whitaker Fdn; Cyberonics; NIH; NIBIB; NIDOCD;
   NINDS}},
Abstract = {{An evaluation of a simple model including external perturbations was
   evaluated for its usefulness in predicting diabetic patients' behavior.
   The model proposed has been derived from Cobelli and Mari's
   comprehensive model and is structurally identifiable. The optimization
   was carried out on data gathered using CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed) on 3
   subjects. The model was also optimized after performing a model-based
   signal enhancement. The results obtained before and after signal
   enhancement showed a promising reduction in the variation coefficient of
   the estimated parameters. This reduction is expected to be useful in the
   design of a closed loop controller for subcutaneous insulin delivery.}},
ISSN = {{1094-687X}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-8439-3}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225461800204}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000225461800876,
Author = {Chen, YY and Wu, YT and Wu, CC and Wu, SM and Jaw, FS},
Book-Group-Author = {{ieee}},
Title = {{Development of wireless blood glucose meter and diabetes self-management
   system}},
Booktitle = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE
   ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-7}},
Series = {{PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING
   IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2004}},
Volume = {{26}},
Number = {{1-7}},
Pages = {{3384-3386}},
Note = {{26th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, San Francisco, CA, SEP
   01-05, 2004}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Whitaker Fdn; Cyberonics; NIH; NIBIB; NIDOCD;
   NINDS}},
Abstract = {{Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood
   glucose and either insufficient or ineffective insulin. Blood glucose
   measurement is crucial to diabetes control, and it is effective in
   reducing the risk of complications and improving life quality.
   Unfortunately, both elderly patients and their caregivers find it
   difficult to monitor glucose levels long term. This study attempts to
   develop an intelligent maintenance system for home glucose measurement,
   wireless data transformation, and information analysis. The developed
   system prompts diabetics to measure their blood glucose regularly at
   home, and provides remote caregivers with complete patient information
   for diagnosis and tracking. This aids in the improvement in diabetes
   control, thereby increasing the social activities and life quality of
   diabetics.}},
ISSN = {{1094-687X}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-8439-3}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225461800876}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000221665200124,
Author = {League-Pike, WF and Mason, DL and Shonat, RD},
Editor = {{Schreiner, S and Cezeaux, JL and Muratore, DM}},
Title = {{Characterizing neuropathy in the sciatic nerve of a poly I : C - Induced
   rat model of type I diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 30TH ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE}},
Year = {{2004}},
Pages = {{249-250}},
Note = {{IEEE 30th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, Western New
   England Coll, Springfield, MA, APR 17-18, 2004}},
Organization = {{IEEE; EMB; MassMEDIC; BEACON; tyco Healthcare; Reebok; bei; Whitaker Fdn}},
Abstract = {{As part of a larger study to investigate the complications of diabetes,
   this study was aimed at developing the materials and methods for
   measuring nerve conduction velocity in the rat sciatic nerve. Using a
   specially designed nerve conduction velocity chamber, we measured action
   potential waveforms in an ex vivo sciatic nerve preparation at two
   locations along the nerve following upstream electrical stimulation.
   Conduction velocity in a non-diabetic control rat was 39 +/- 5 m/s and
   decreased by 88\% following mechanical crushing of the nerve. With an
   operational ex vivo nerve conduction velocity chamber, we will apply it
   to the measurement of nerve conduction velocity in a poly I:C - induced
   rat model of Type 1 diabetes.}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-8285-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221665200124}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000223847800167,
Author = {Arita, S and Tanemura, M and Imai, M and Takeda, T},
Editor = {{Chen, J}},
Title = {{Diagnostic system for diabetes mellitus based on the time series of
   blood sugar levels using the probability matrices of chaos and
   randomness}},
Booktitle = {{SERVICE SYSTEMS AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF ICSSSM `04, VOLS
   1 AND 2}},
Year = {{2004}},
Pages = {{836-840}},
Note = {{International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management,
   Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, JUL 19-21, 2004}},
Organization = {{IEEE Syst, Man \& Cybernet Soc; Tsinghua Univ, Sch Econ \& Management}},
Abstract = {{The number of patients in Diabetes Mellitus is increasing to eight
   million in Japan. It is essential to establish the network for homecare
   of their patients. The diagnostic system for evaluating the degree of
   diabetes mellitus takes an important role of this network. The blood
   sugar level is one of the important indexes to measure the degree, which
   can be described by time series. Chaos Theory is useful to analyze the
   time series with complex system using the index such as Lyapnov's Index.
   However, the chaos analyses need a large sample size. The time series of
   blood sugar has a small sample size less than about 300.
   We propose a new method to classify the time series with a small sample
   size. We could characterize the behaviors of chaos and randomness by the
   probability matrix and proposed a new method to classify the dynamics
   into chaos or randomness.
   In this' paper, we analyzed the behaviors of blood sugar levels in
   diabetes mellitus using the new method. From the results of analysis, it
   was suggested that the behavior of blood sugar levels of patients could
   be classify into the chaos type, random type or others.}},
ISBN = {{7-5062-6821-3}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223847800167}},
}

@article{ ISI:000185039900026,
Author = {Plougmann, S and Hejlesen, O and Turner, B and Kerr, D and Cavan, D},
Title = {{The effect of alcohol on blood glucose in Type 1 diabetes - metabolic
   modelling and integration in a decision support system}},
Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{70}},
Number = {{2-3}},
Pages = {{337-344}},
Month = {{JUL}},
Note = {{17th International Conference of the
   European-Federation-of-Medical-Informatics (MIE 2002), BUDAPEST,
   HUNGARY, AUG 25-29, 2002}},
Abstract = {{Introduction: We have recently shown, in studies with patients with Type
   1 (insulin dependent) diabetes, that alcohol intake at 21:00 h
   significantly reduced blood glucose values after 10-12 h, compared with
   control studies with no alcohol. Hypothesis: We hypothesised that this
   was due to the following effects of alcohol: (1) alcohol metabolism
   increases NADH, leading to a reduction in hepatic gluconeogenesis; (2)
   increased glycogen phosphorylase activity depletes hepatic glycogen
   stores; (3) after the alcohol is metabolised, hepatic insulin
   sensitivity is increased, leading to the restoration of glycogen stores
   and reduction in blood glucose Levels; and (4) consequently, after
   several hours, glycogen stores and insulin sensitivity return to normal.
   Results: A model describing these changes (DiasNet-Alcohol) was
   implemented into the DiasNet model of human glucose metabolism. Our
   study suggests that the DiasNet-Alcohol model gives a reasonable
   approximation of these effects of alcohol on blood glucose concentration
   observed in our study and supports our hypothesis for the mechanism
   behind these effects in Type 1 diabetes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science
   Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S1386-5056(03)00038-8}},
ISSN = {{1386-5056}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000185039900026}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000186578600271,
Author = {Nallamshetty, L and Eschrich, SA and Cuthbertson, D and Malloy, J and
   Goldgof, DB and Alexander, AM and Trucco, M and Ilonen, J and Akerblom,
   HK and Krischer, JP and TRIGR Study Grp},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE
   IEEE}},
Title = {{An expert system for evaluating risk in type-1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS
   1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS}},
Series = {{IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS,
   CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{1660-1665}},
Note = {{IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 03),
   WASHINGTON, D.C., OCT 05-08, 2003}},
Organization = {{IEEE, Syst, Man \& Cybernet Soc}},
Abstract = {{Type-1 diabetes is a life-long disorder that often occurs in children or
   young adults. Susceptibility to type-1 diabetes is believed to be
   dependent on both genetic and environmental causes. Genetic screening is
   becoming a common tool for evaluating risk, potentially before the onset
   of the disease. However, interpreting the results of genetic tests
   involves many rules taken from the literature on the correlation between
   risk and genetic markers. We introduce an expert system based approach
   in which the evaluation of risk for type-1 diabetes can be automated.
   This method can act as a tool for medical professionals and provides the
   crucial explanatory component, including citations to the relevant
   literature. The expert system was developed in conjunction with
   geneticists. As part of the corresponding clinical trial, the expert
   system correctly identified the at-risk genetic profiles in a set of 253
   subjects evaluated by human experts.}},
ISSN = {{1062-922X}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-7952-7}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186578600271}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000222895200036,
Author = {Iokibe, T and Yoneda, M and Kakita, K},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{Chaos based blood glucose prediction and insulin adjustment for diabetes
   mellitus}},
Booktitle = {{IEEE EMBS APBME 2003}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{86-87}},
Note = {{IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conference on Biomedical Engineering
   (APBME2003), Keihanna, JAPAN, OCT 20-22, 2003}},
Organization = {{IEEE EMBS}},
Abstract = {{Many diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are concerned about unstable blood
   glucose, even with regular monitoring by a family doctor. The insulin
   preparation shows peak action at several hours after subcutaneous
   administration. For this reason, unstable blood glucose is often caused
   by intensive insulin therapy with self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG).
   The insulin requirement is determined in proportion to fasting blood
   glucose (FBG) in the sliding scale method. A fixed amount of insulin is
   administered regardless of FBG level in the constant insulin method.
   It is indispensable to estimate FBG at peak time, A hen insulin works
   the hardest, to obtain the appropriate effect of insulin administration.
   We employed the local fuzzy reconstruction method based on chaos theory
   for predicting FBG at peak time. The direction to change the FBG at peak
   time is predicted with a 70-90\% success rate. The amount of insulin
   administration is adjusted based on predicted FBG level. After
   predictive glycemic control (PGC) for around one year, the FBG average
   approached the normal range, standard deviation (SD) reduced by half,
   and hyperglycemia decreased.}},
DOI = {{10.1109/APBME.2003.1302596}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-7943-8}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222895200036}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000187496100021,
Author = {Socha, L and Silva, D and Lesage, S and Goodnow, C and Petrovsky, N},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Eisenbarth, GS}},
Title = {{The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonimmune diabetes: NOD.K
   iHEL, a novel model of beta cell death}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES II: PATHOGENESIS FROM MOUSE TO MAN}},
Series = {{Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{1005}},
Pages = {{178-183}},
Note = {{6th International Congress of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society and
   American-Diabetes-Association Research Symposium, COPPER MT, CO, OCT
   03-06, 2002}},
Organization = {{Amer Diabet Assoc; Immunol Diabet Soc}},
Abstract = {{The final common pathway in diabetes development is beta cell apoptosis.
   We herein describe a novel diabetes model based on transgenic NOD.k iHEL
   mice, wherein male mice develop diabetes due to nonimmune-mediated beta
   cell death. Histology and electron microscopy confirm endoplasmic
   reticulum (ER) abnormalities that are consistent with endoplasmic stress
   caused by the HEL transgene. The NOD.k MEL model may be particularly
   useful for studying mechanisms of beta cell death secondary to ER stress
   and also for testing potential therapies designed to protect beta cells
   from stress-induced apoptosis. The observation that only male NODA MEL
   mice develop diabetes and exhibit ER abnormalities is intriguing and
   suggests these mice may be useful in deciphering the link between
   hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and diabetes.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1288.022}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-460-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000187496100021}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000187496100027,
Author = {Yamada, S and Shimada, A and Kodama, K and Morimotb, J and Suzuki, R and
   Oikawa, Y and Irie, J and Saruta, T},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Eisenbarth, GS}},
Title = {{Relationship between beta cell mass of NOD donors and diabetes
   development of NOD-scid recipients in adoptive transfer system}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES II: PATHOGENESIS FROM MOUSE TO MAN}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{1005}},
Pages = {{211-214}},
Note = {{6th International Congress of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society and
   American-Diabetes-Association Research Symposium, COPPER MT, COLORADO,
   OCT 03-06, 2002}},
Organization = {{Amer Diabetes Assoc; Immunol Diabetes Soc}},
Abstract = {{Background-There is controversy about the way the beta cell mass is
   reduced in type 1 diabetes. One view is that a gradual fall in beta cell
   mass begins soon after the onset of insulitis. Another view is that a
   sudden wave of beta cell destruction occurs just before the onset of
   diabetes. To clarify how the beta cell mass is reduced, we performed
   adoptive transfer experiments and examined the relationship between the
   pancreatic status of NOD donors and the time taken to transfer diabetes
   into NOD-scid recipients. Methods-We killed 18-week-old female NOD mice
   (n = 20), removed their spleen, and transferred splenocytes into
   5-week-old female NOD-scid mice (n = 60). The relationship between the
   pancreatic status of donors and the time taken to transfer diabetes into
   recipients was assessed. As pancreatic status, we measured insulin
   content and severity of insulitis. Results-There was no linear
   correlation between the pancreatic status of donors and the time taken
   to transfer diabetes into recipients. NOD donors who needed 7 or more
   weeks to transfer diabetes in NOD-scid recipients had similar levels of
   insulin content or severity of insulitis as those of NOD donors who
   could not transfer diabetes. On the other hand, NOD donors who needed 6
   or less weeks to transfer diabetes in recipients had similar levels of
   insulin content or severity of insulitis as those of diabetic NOD mice.
   Conclusions-According to our observations, beta cell mass seems to be
   preserved until just before the onset of diabetes and decreased
   dramatically within a few weeks.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1288.028}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-460-9}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Irie, Junichiro/0000-0003-2662-4121}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000187496100027}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000187496100059,
Author = {Maruyama, T and Shimada, A and Kanatsuka, A and Kasuga, A and Takei, I
   and Yokoyama, J and Kobayashi, T},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB and Eisenbarth, GS}},
Title = {{Multicenter prevention trial of slowly progressive type 1 diabetes with
   small dose of insulin (the Tokyo study) - Preliminary report}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES II: PATHOGENESIS FROM MOUSE TO MAN}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{1005}},
Pages = {{362-369}},
Note = {{6th International Congress of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society and
   American-Diabetes-Association Research Symposium, COPPER MT, COLORADO,
   OCT 03-06, 2002}},
Organization = {{Amer Diabetes Assoc; Immunol Diabetes Soc}},
Abstract = {{In 1996, we designed a randomized multicenter study to assess the
   effects of small doses of insulin on beta cell failure in slowly
   progressive type 1 diabetes (the Tokyo Study). W report here the
   preliminary results of this study. Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65
   antibody (GADA)-positive patients were randomly divided into 2 groups:
   one group received insulin (Ins group), the other a sulfonylurea (SU
   group). Fifty-four patients (24 Ins group, 30 SU group) were analyzed at
   the end of a 4-year period. All patients underwent a 75 g oral-glucose
   test (O-GTT) every 6-12 months. The insulin-dependent stage was defined
   based on an integrated value of serum C-peptide levels on O-GTT
   (SigmaCPR; sum of CPR at 0, 30,60,90, and 120 min) below 4.0 ng/mL. The
   SigmaCPR in the SU group decreased progressively from 22.0 +/- 10.6 to
   11.3 +/- 7.5 ng/mL over the 48-month period (p < 0.001 vs. baseline).
   The SigmaCPR in the Ins group was unchanged. Among the SU group, 30\% of
   subjects (9/30) progressed to IDDM, while 8.3\% of Ins group subjects
   (2/24) progressed to IDDM (P = 0.087). With regard to the subjects who
   had a preserved C-peptide response (SigmaCPR greater than or equal to 10
   ng/mL), the proportion of SU group subjects who progressed to IDDM was
   significantly higher than that of the Ins group (7/28, 25\% vs. 0/21,
   0\%, p = 0.015). Among subjects with a high GADA titer (greater than or
   equal to0 U/mL), 9/14 (64.3\%) of the SU group, but only 2/16 (12.5\%)
   of the Ins group, developed IDDM (p = 0.0068). As to those with a high
   GADA titer and a preserved C-peptide response, SU group subjects
   progressed to IDDM (7/12,58.3\%) more frequently than Ins group subjects
   (0/14, 0\%) (p = 0.0012). In summary, our results suggest that small
   doses of insulin effectively prevent beta cell failure in slowly
   progressive type 1 diabetes. We recommend avoiding SU treatment and
   instead administering insulin to NIDDM patients with high GADA titer.}},
DOI = {{10.1196/annals.1288.060}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-460-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000187496100059}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000184542600009,
Author = {Li, M and Istepanian, RSH},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE
   IEEE}},
Title = {{3G network oriented mobile agents for intelligent diabetes management: A
   conceptual model}},
Booktitle = {{ITAB 2003: 4TH INTERNATIONAL IEEE EMBS SPECIAL TOPIC CONFERENCE ON
   INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICINE, CONFERENCE
   PROCEEDINGS: NEW SOLUTIONS FOR NEW CHALLENGES}},
Series = {{IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference
   (EMBS)}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{31-34}},
Note = {{4th International Conference on Information Technology Applications in
   Biomedicine (ITAB 2003), BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND, APR 24-26, 2003}},
Organization = {{IEEE; EMB; IEE; IEEE Comp Soc; Hlth Informat Res Grp; Biomed Comp Res
   Grp}},
Abstract = {{With With the development of technologies in wireless communication
   especially the third generation (3G) mobile network, Internet, software
   agent, it is possible now for hospitals to provide a seamless or
   ubiquitous virtual care environment for patients especially for those
   who have suffered with chronic diseases such as diabetes requiring high
   frequency patient-physician contact. Such an environment can provide
   intelligent and personalized monitoring services to patients,
   best-practice decision support to physicians, and wellness maintenance
   for cost control. In this paper, we present a new approach using 3G
   mobile agents for intelligent diabetes management. A conceptual model is
   presented and issues related to the implementation of the virtual
   environment are discussed.}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-7667-6}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184542600009}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000189389800010,
Author = {Salzsieder, E and Fischer, U and Oppel, UG},
Editor = {{Feng, D and Carson, ER}},
Title = {{Modelling of type-2 diabetes mellitus to support causal intervention}},
Booktitle = {{MODELLING AND CONTROL IN BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS 2003 (INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL
   SYSTEMS)}},
Series = {{IFAC SYMPOSIA SERIES}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{57-61}},
Note = {{5th IFAC Symposium on Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems,
   MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, AUG 21-23, 2003}},
Organization = {{Int Federat Automat Control; IUPESM; IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Int
   Measurement Confederat; Inst Engineers Australia; Univ Sydney; Hong Kong
   Polytech Univ}},
Abstract = {{Worldwide nearly 150 million people are suffering from diabetes
   mellitus. approximately 90 to 95\% of them, i.e. 135 to 142 million are
   type-2 diabetic patients exhibiting the most important endogenous
   cardiovascular risk condition. The development of type-2 diabetes is a
   discontinuous process, featuring interactions between insulin resistance
   and insulin secretion. In a given case, it has - until now - been
   impossible neither to predict nor to establish retrospectively whether
   one of these latter items might have been the primary event or be
   dominant in the progression of type-2 diabetes. Therefore it is the aim
   of this study to assess in a given person the developmental stage along
   the pathway leading towards type-2 diabetes and to quantify the risk of
   worsening. The underlying rationale is based upon the hypothesis that
   the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes can be modelled mathematically and
   simulated and thereby be predicted for purposeful intervention to a
   certain extent. Copyright (C) 2003 IFAC.}},
ISSN = {{0962-9505}},
ISBN = {{0-08-044159-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189389800010}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000189389800082,
Author = {Albarrak, AIS and Luzio, SD and Owens, DR and Hovorka, R},
Editor = {{Feng, D and Carson, ER}},
Title = {{Evaluation of cold two compartment minimal model in type 2 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{MODELLING AND CONTROL IN BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS 2003 (INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL
   SYSTEMS)}},
Series = {{IFAC SYMPOSIA SERIES}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{445-450}},
Note = {{5th IFAC Symposium on Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems,
   MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, AUG 21-23, 2003}},
Organization = {{Int Federat Automat Control; IUPESM; IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Int
   Measurement Confederat; Inst Engineers Australia; Univ Sydney; Hong Kong
   Polytech Univ}},
Abstract = {{Recent studies indicated that glucose effectiveness (S-G) is
   overestimated and insulin sensitivity (S-I) is underestimated with the
   one-compartment minimal model (1CMM) of glucose kinetics. To correct
   these errors, Cobelli et al (1999), incorporated a priori knowledge on
   glucose exchange kinetics using the individual Bayesian estimation to
   derive S-I and S-G with the 2CMM during standard 1VGTT in healthy
   subjects. The present study evaluated 2CMM in subjects with type 2
   diabetes during insulin-modified 1VGTT and compared its performance with
   1CMM, and with the glucose clamp as the gold reference. The 2CMM
   measured the same S, and SG as the 1CMM and underestimated S, measured
   by the clamp. For its simplicity and popularity and to benefit from the
   data available in the literature 1CMM is preferred to 2CMM in type 2
   diabetes.}},
ISSN = {{0962-9505}},
ISBN = {{0-08-044159-9}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hovorka, Roman/J-4123-2016}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Hovorka, Roman/0000-0003-2901-461X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189389800082}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000189389800090,
Author = {Baxter, TD and Tennant, ML and Mareels, IMY and Santoso, L},
Editor = {{Feng, D and Carson, ER}},
Title = {{A single predictor model for onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus}},
Booktitle = {{MODELLING AND CONTROL IN BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS 2003 (INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL
   SYSTEMS)}},
Series = {{IFAC SYMPOSIA SERIES}},
Year = {{2003}},
Pages = {{491-494}},
Note = {{5th IFAC Symposium on Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems,
   MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, AUG 21-23, 2003}},
Organization = {{Int Federat Automat Control; IUPESM; IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Int
   Measurement Confederat; Inst Engineers Australia; Univ Sydney; Hong Kong
   Polytech Univ}},
Abstract = {{Accurately predicting the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus increase the
   probability of success of preventative treatments. We develop a
   predictive model for time to diabetes, given the results of screening
   tests performed on people with diabetic first degree relative. This
   model employs one of the six possible markers, and gives a normal
   distribution of the time to diabetes, predicting the likelihood of a
   person developing diabetes by a certain time.}},
ISSN = {{0962-9505}},
ISBN = {{0-08-044159-9}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mareels, Iven/H-2745-2012}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Mareels, Iven/0000-0002-9832-5959}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189389800090}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000189395300352,
Author = {Chang, CY and Tang, ST and Lin, HY and Chan, YH and Chu, LC and Lee, TC
   and Young, ST},
Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
Title = {{An integrated system for assisting the diagnosis and management of
   diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE 25TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE
   ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4: A NEW BEGINNING
   FOR HUMAN HEALTH}},
Series = {{PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING
   IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY}},
Year = {{2003}},
Volume = {{25}},
Number = {{1-4}},
Pages = {{1346-1349}},
Note = {{25th Annual International Conference of the
   IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society, Cancun, MEXICO, SEP
   17-21, 2003}},
Organization = {{IEEE Engn Med \& Biol Soc; Coral; Univ Autonome Metropolitana; Sandia
   Natl Lab}},
Abstract = {{Diabetes mellitus is a common and precarious chronic disease, which
   affects cellular metabolism and energy production. The condition is
   divided into types I and 11; the most common form is type II diabetes,
   which is an adult-onset disease. Blood glucose testing is crucial to
   diabetes control, and it is effective in reducing the risk of
   complications and improving life quality. Unfortunately, both elderly
   patients and their caregivers find it difficult to monitor glucose
   levels long term. This study developed an integrated system for
   organizing and combining home glucose measurement, data transformation,
   and information integration. The developed system prompts diabetics to
   measure their blood glucose regularly at home, and provides remote
   caregivers with complete patient information for diagnosis and tracking.
   This aids in the improvement in diabetes control, thereby increasing the
   social activities and life quality of diabetics.}},
ISSN = {{1094-687X}},
ISBN = {{0-7803-7789-3}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Caposaldo, Marica/I-8659-2014}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189395300352}},
}

@article{ ISI:000173878700003,
Author = {Boutayeb, A and Derouich, M},
Title = {{Age structured models for diabetes in East Morocco}},
Journal = {{MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{58}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{215-229}},
Month = {{FEB 26}},
Abstract = {{A mathematical study of a population of diabetes mellitus patients is
   carried out in this paper. Two matrix models are proposed to monitor the
   number of patients developing complications according to an age
   structure. Application is made to simulate and forecast the number of
   diabetics with complications in each age class. The cost of treating
   complications is estimated. (C) 2002 IMACS. Published by Elsevier
   Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/S0378-4754(01)00368-8}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0378-4754(01)00368-8}},
ISSN = {{0378-4754}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000173878700003}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000189418100245,
Author = {Dubey, AK and Meigs, JB and Cagliero, E and Chueh, HC},
Editor = {{Kohane, IS}},
Title = {{Implementation, usage, and impact of automated guidelines in the DMA - A
   web-based diabetes disease management system}},
Booktitle = {{AMIA 2002 SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS: BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS: ONE DISCIPLINE}},
Year = {{2002}},
Pages = {{1011}},
Note = {{Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association, San
   Antonio, TX, NOV   09, 2002}},
Organization = {{Amer Med Informat Assoc}},
ISBN = {{1-56053-600-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189418100245}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000189418100260,
Author = {Berber, B and Lawless, K and Smolin, L and Brodsky, I and Girotti, M and
   Pelaez, L and Eiser, A},
Editor = {{Kohane, IS}},
Title = {{Diabetes and your eyes: A pilot study on multimedia education for
   underserved populations}},
Booktitle = {{AMIA 2002 SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS: BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS: ONE DISCIPLINE}},
Year = {{2002}},
Pages = {{1026}},
Note = {{Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association, San
   Antonio, TX, NOV   09, 2002}},
Organization = {{Amer Med Informat Assoc}},
Abstract = {{There is a growing interest in the pursuit Of consumer health
   information by individuals with chronic diseases. However, there is
   little data available regarding the use by underserved populations. The
   purpose of this pilot study was to create a multimedia lesson providing
   instruction on diabetes preventive care (i.e. dilated eye examinations)
   and investigate its usability and interest among these targeted
   outpatients. A touch screen `kiosk' was incorporated into a clinical
   waiting room specifically for patient education.}},
ISBN = {{1-56053-600-4}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189418100260}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000178928400013,
Author = {Plougmann, S and Hejlesen, O and Turner, B and Kerr, D and Cavan, D},
Editor = {{Surjan, G and Engelbrecht, R and McNair, P}},
Title = {{Modelling the effect of alcohol in Type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{HEALTH DATA IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{90}},
Pages = {{66-71}},
Note = {{17th International Conference of the
   European-Federation-of-Medical-Informatics (MIE 2002), BUDAPEST,
   HUNGARY, AUG 25-29, 2002}},
Abstract = {{We have recently shown, in studies with patients with Type 1 (insulin
   dependent) diabetes, that alcohol intake at 2100 hrs significantly
   reduced blood glucose values after 10-12 hours, compared with control
   studies with no alcohol. We hypothesised that this was due to the
   following effects of alcohol: 1. Alcohol metabolism increases NADH,
   leading to a reduction in hepatic gluconeogenesis; and 2. increased
   glycogen phosphorylase activity depletes hepatic glycogen stores; 3.
   After the alcohol is metabolised, hepatic insulin sensitivity is
   increased, leading to the restoration of glycogen stores and reduction
   in blood glucose levels, and 4. consequently, after several hours,
   glycogen stores and insulin sensitivity return to normal. A model
   describing these changes (DiasNet-Alcohol) was implemented into the
   DiasNet model of human glucose metabolism. Our study suggests that the
   DiasNet-Alcohol model gives a reasonable approximation of the effect of
   alcohol on blood glucose concentration observed in our study and
   supports our hypothesis for the mechanism behind these effects in Type 1
   diabetes.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{1-58603-279-8}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178928400013}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000178928400053,
Author = {Pruna, S and Stanciu, E and Macarie, A and Pruna, A and
   Ionescu-Tirgoviste, C},
Editor = {{Surjan, G and Engelbrecht, R and McNair, P}},
Title = {{A networked electronic patient record system for diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{HEALTH DATA IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{90}},
Pages = {{282-287}},
Note = {{17th International Conference of the
   European-Federation-of-Medical-Informatics (MIE 2002), BUDAPEST,
   HUNGARY, AUG 25-29, 2002}},
Abstract = {{This paper describes the development and clinical implementation of the
   SincroDiab - a synchronized diabetes register for the routine clinical
   practice in a LAN and for design of long-term trials and epidemiological
   studies based on the GEHR (Good European Health Record) architecture.
   The objectives of the SincroDiab system were to address the need to
   establish a more efficient and more effective information infrastructure
   to improve the ability to share patient record information among health
   care providers, to reduce the health care delivery costs, to meet the
   requirements of legal, regulatory or accreditation standards, to share
   comparable patients data among different sites within a multi-entity
   health care delivery system and to improve quality of care by network
   connecting the data repository to clinical workstations and departmental
   systems.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{1-58603-279-8}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178928400053}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000178928400099,
Author = {Hayes, R and Grimson, B and Pacini, G and Nolan, JJ},
Editor = {{Surjan, G and Engelbrecht, R and McNair, P}},
Title = {{A strategy to enhance the usability of the minimal model as used with
   the intravenous glucose tolerance test in diabetes research and clinical
   management}},
Booktitle = {{HEALTH DATA IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{90}},
Pages = {{519-524}},
Note = {{17th International Conference of the
   European-Federation-of-Medical-Informatics (MIE 2002), BUDAPEST,
   HUNGARY, AUG 25-29, 2002}},
Abstract = {{The Minimal Model method of determining Insulin Sensitivity from the
   Intravenous glucose Tolerance Test is a valuable tool for the Diabetes
   research community. However the Minimal Model algorithm itself is not
   readily available in a user-friendly modem windows environment to the
   clinical researcher in many research departments. In addition use of the
   model often requires intervention by an experienced ``modeller{''} to
   interpret the results produced by the method. This paper proposes a more
   readily available and usable version of the program and discusses the
   issues which surround the use of the program by clinical researchers
   without computer mathematical modelling experience.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{1-58603-279-8}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178928400099}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000178928400125,
Author = {Jensen, KD and Jensen, B and Lervang, HH and Hejlesen, OK},
Editor = {{Surjan, G and Engelbrecht, R and McNair, P}},
Title = {{Diabetes patients' ability to estimate dietary carbohydrate content for
   use in a decision support system}},
Booktitle = {{HEALTH DATA IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{90}},
Pages = {{649-654}},
Note = {{17th International Conference of the
   European-Federation-of-Medical-Informatics (MIE 2002), BUDAPEST,
   HUNGARY, AUG 25-29, 2002}},
Abstract = {{The aim of the study was to assess Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic
   patients' ability to give valid information of the dietary carbohydrate
   (CHO) intake and to use the log function of a blood glucose meter for
   easy transfer of data to a decision support system. 18 Type 1 diabetic
   patients were enrolled from the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic at the
   Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark. The patients
   were divided in subgroups of 4 or 5 patients and was instructed by the
   dietitian how to estimate the CHO intake and by the doctor in the use of
   the Accutrend DM(R) blood glucose meter. During a 3 days data collecting
   period the patients were asked to keep a written diary containing a
   description of the meals, the estimated CHO intake, the insulin-dosage
   and the time of the meals and insulin injections, and to make 8-point
   blood glucose profiles daily. They were furthermore asked to use the log
   function of the Accutrend DM(R) blood glucose meter. At the second visit
   the data were discussed individually with the patients and if there
   where more than three data points missing using the log function the
   patients were asked to repeat the data collection. A deviation of 10
   grams or more, between the patient's and the dietician's estimate, was
   seen in 7.3\% of the meals following the first instruction, in 1.0\% of
   the meals following the second instruction, and in 2.4\% of the meals
   following the third and last instruction. In conclusion, this study
   showed that Danish Type 1 diabetic patients were able to estimate the
   dietary carbohydrate content with a high degree of correctness, and to
   use the log function of the blood glucose meter, after a maximum of 3
   hours of training.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{1-58603-279-8}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178928400125}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000178928400156,
Author = {Fox, MA and Harman-Boehm, I and Weitzman, S and Zelingher, J},
Editor = {{Surjan, G and Engelbrecht, R and McNair, P}},
Title = {{A framework for a diabetes mellitus disease management system in
   southern Israel}},
Booktitle = {{HEALTH DATA IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY}},
Series = {{STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{90}},
Pages = {{821-825}},
Note = {{17th International Conference of the
   European-Federation-of-Medical-Informatics (MIE 2002), BUDAPEST,
   HUNGARY, AUG 25-29, 2002}},
Abstract = {{Chronic diseases are a significant burden on western healthcare systems
   and national economies. It has been suggested that automated disease
   management for chronic disease, like diabetes mellitus (DM), improves
   the quality of care and reduces inappropriate utilization of diagnostic
   and therapeutic measures. We have designed a comprehensive DM Disease
   Management system for the Negev region in southern Israel. This system
   takes advantage of currently used clinical and administrative
   information systems. Algorithms for DM disease management have been
   created based on existing and accepted Israeli guidelines. All data
   fields and tables in the source information systems have been analyzed,
   and interfaces for periodic data loads from these systems have been
   specified. Based on this data, four subsets of decision support
   algorithms have been developed. The system generates alerts in these
   domains to multiple end users. We plan to use the products of this
   information system analysis and disease management specification in the
   actual development process of such a system shortly.}},
ISSN = {{0926-9630}},
ISBN = {{1-58603-279-8}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178928400156}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000176952100006,
Author = {Vaarala, O},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB}},
Title = {{The gut immune system and type 1 diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES: AUTOIMMUNE MECHANISMS AND THE PREVENTION AND
   CURE OF TYPE 1 DIABETES}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{958}},
Pages = {{39-46}},
Note = {{5th Congrees of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, MADRAS, INDIA, FEB
   14-16, 2001}},
Organization = {{Novo Nordisk Pharma India Ltd; Natl Inst Hlth; Peptor Ltd; Bayer;
   Juvenile Diabet Fdn Int; Novo Nordisk A/S}},
Abstract = {{Accumulating data suggest that the gut immune system plays a role in the
   development of autoimmune diabetes: (1) Diet modifies the incidence of
   autoimmune diabetes and the phenotype of the islet-infiltrating T cells
   in the animal models of human type 1 diabetes; (2) gut-associated homing
   receptor beta7-integrin is found on the islet-infiltrating T cells in
   both human type 1 diabetes and in the animal models of autoimmune
   diabetes; (3) mesenterial lymphocytes from young NOD mice are able to
   transfer diabetes to healthy recipients; (4) autoantigen feeding
   modifies the disease development in the animal models (prevents or
   accelerates autoimmune diabetes). In humans, a link between the gut
   immune system and type 1 diabetes has also been suggested. Early
   introduction of cow milk formulas in infancy may increase the risk of
   type 1 diabetes. We have demonstrated that primary immunization to a
   beta cell-specific autoantigen, insulin, occurs in the gut by exposure
   to cow milk formulas, which contain immunogenic bovine insulin. The
   induced antibody and T cell responses to bovine insulin cross-react with
   human insulin. In children at genetic risk who developed beta cell
   autoimmunity, bovine insulin-binding antibodies increased during
   follow-up in contrast to autoantibody-negative children. This suggests
   that insulin-specific immune response induced by dietary insulin may not
   be controlled in children prone to beta cell autoimmunity. The gut
   immune system has a key role in controlling insulin-specific immunity
   induced by dietary insulin. Indeed, indications for aberrant function of
   the gut immune system have been reported in type 1 diabetes, such as
   intestinal immune activation and increased intestinal permeability.
   Research on the gut immune system in human type 1 diabetes is needed to
   reveal the role of oral immunity in this disease.}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-362-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176952100006}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000176952100044,
Author = {Lapolla, A and Fedele, D and Pedini, B and Dal Fra, MG and Sanzari, M
   and Masin, M and Zanchetta, R and Betterle, C},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB}},
Title = {{Low frequency of autoantibodies to islet cell, glutamic acid
   decarboxylase, and second-islet antigen in patients with gestational
   diabetes mellitus - A follow-up study}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES: AUTOIMMUNE MECHANISMS AND THE PREVENTION AND
   CURE OF TYPE 1 DIABETES}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{958}},
Pages = {{263-266}},
Note = {{5th Congrees of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, MADRAS, INDIA, FEB
   14-16, 2001}},
Organization = {{Novo Nordisk Pharma India Ltd; Natl Inst Hlth; Peptor Ltd; Bayer;
   Juvenile Diabet Fdn Int; Novo Nordisk A/S}},
Abstract = {{The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of patients with
   gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who have serological markers typical
   of autoimmune type 1 DM. The specific pancreatic markers, ICAs, glutamic
   decarboxylase (GADAbs), and second islet antigen (IA2Abs), were measured
   in 70 women with GDM during the pregnancy and after delivery. WAS were
   measured by indirect immunofluorescence and GADAbs and IA2Abs were
   determined by a radiobinding assay with recombinant antigens. On
   entering the study, 1 of 70 (1.4\%) patients was positive for both ICAs
   (80 JDF-U) and GADAbs (167 U/mL), while another (1.4\%) was positive for
   WAS (40 JDF-U). None of the patients was positive for IA2Abs. During
   follow-up, positivity was maintained unchanged in the two positive
   patients. Four previously negative patients had seroconversion: one for
   both WAS (20 JDF-U) and GADAbs (49.3 U/mL) and the other three for
   GADAbs (1.8, 1.4, and 15.3 U/mL, respectively). The IA2Abs remained
   negative in all patients. Overall, during the observation period 6 of 70
   (8.6\%) patients had or developed autoantibodies against endocrine
   pancreas. During follow-up 15 patients developed clinical DM (10 type 2,
   5 type 1) and 7 demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after
   OGTT. No correlations were demonstrated between the immunological
   patterns and the evolution in DM. In patients with GDM, the frequency of
   pancreatic antoantibodies varies during the pregnancy and after
   delivery, but a small subgroup of patients bearing these markers is
   identifiable. GDM is a complex syndrome, constituted by different types
   of diabetes mellitus where the autoimmune form is very rare.}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-362-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176952100044}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000176952100055,
Author = {Berzina, L and Shtauvere-Brameus, A and Ludvigsson, J and Sanjeevi, CB},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB}},
Title = {{Newborn screening for high-risk human leukocyte antigen markers
   associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - The ABIS study}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES: AUTOIMMUNE MECHANISMS AND THE PREVENTION AND
   CURE OF TYPE 1 DIABETES}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{958}},
Pages = {{312-316}},
Note = {{5th Congrees of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, MADRAS, INDIA, FEB
   14-16, 2001}},
Organization = {{Novo Nordisk Pharma India Ltd; Natl Inst Hlth; Peptor Ltd; Bayer;
   Juvenile Diabet Fdn Int; Novo Nordisk A/S}},
Abstract = {{Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is associated with specific
   high-risk HLA DQ and DR haplotypes and islet cell antibodies. IDDM
   susceptibility in Caucasians is more strongly associated with DQ2/DQ8
   (DQA1{*}0501-DQB1{*}0201/DQA1{*}0301-DQB1{*}0302) and DQ6 (B1{*}0604)
   than with DRB1{*}03/DRB1{*}04, while a single copy of DQ6 (B1{*}0602)
   gives sufficient protection against type 1 diabetes. As a part of the
   ABIS (All Babies in Southeast Sweden) study we have done typing of DQA1,
   DQB1, and DRB1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the
   second exon of the genes, manually dot-blotting onto nylon membranes
   synthetic sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes,
   3'-end-labeling with P-32-dCTP, and hybridization followed by stringency
   washes and autoradiography using the SSO probe. Among 3756 newborns born
   in southeast Sweden we have found the high-risk genotype DQ2/DR3-DO8/DR4
   to be present in 1\%, haplotype DQ8/DR4 in 7.8\%, and haplotype DQ2JDR3
   in 9.6\%. DQ2/DR3 or DQ8/DR4 was carried by 16.4\% of newborns; the
   low-risk DQ6 molecule was carried by newborns as follows:
   DQ2/DR3-DQ6/DR15, 1.3\%; DQ8/DR4-DQ6/DR15, 1.3\%; and DQ6/DR15, 9.4\%.
   We conclude from our results that the high incidence of IDDM in Sweden
   is at least in part due to increased prevalence of high-risk HLA
   haplotypes compared to protective haplotypes (20\% vs. 13\%) in the
   general population.}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-362-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176952100055}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000176952100056,
Author = {Sanjeevi, CB and Lybrand, TP and Stevanovic, S and Rammensee, HG},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB}},
Title = {{Molecular modeling of eluted peptides from DQ6 molecules (DQB1{*}0602
   and DQB1{*}0604) negatively and positively associated with type 1
   diabetes}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES: AUTOIMMUNE MECHANISMS AND THE PREVENTION AND
   CURE OF TYPE 1 DIABETES}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{958}},
Pages = {{317-320}},
Note = {{5th Congrees of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society, MADRAS, INDIA, FEB
   14-16, 2001}},
Organization = {{Novo Nordisk Pharma India Ltd; Natl Inst Hlth; Peptor Ltd; Bayer;
   Juvenile Diabet Fdn Int; Novo Nordisk A/S}},
Abstract = {{Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is positively associated with
   HLA-DQ8, DQ2, and DQ6 (B{*}0604) and negatively with DQ6 (B{*}0602). The
   mechanisms by which the DQ molecules control the development of IDDM is
   not known. DQ6 (B{*}0602) and DQ6 (B{*}0604) molecules share the same
   DQalpha chain but differ in the beta chain by six residues at positions
   9, 30, 57, 70, 86, and 87. The aim of the study was to sequence the
   peptides eluted from both DQ6 molecules and to determine the binding
   motifs and construct peptides for docking them into the DQ6 peptide
   binding groove by molecular modeling. EBV transformed B cell line
   homozygous for DQ6 and hybridoma cell line secreting DQ6 specific
   antibody were grown in large-scale culture. The DQ6 molecules were
   precipitated with solid-phase bound antibodies specific for DQ6. The
   dissociation of peptides from MHC was done with ultrafiltration and
   separation of peptides by reversed-phase HPLC, using Edman degradation.
   A special application of Edman degradation is pool sequencing. This
   approach allowed us to determine common characteristics of all peptides
   associated with a given MHC molecule. The precipitation of DQ6 molecules
   and the peptide elution were done successfully. The sequencing of the
   peptides from DQ6 (B{*}0602) identified three fractions: (1)
   IINEPTAAAIAYGLD (Bovine HSP70), (2) IINEPTAAAIAGLDR (Human HSP70), and
   (3) NPRDAKACVVHGSDLK (Na+/K+ ATPase). Peptide eluted from DQ6 (B{*}0604)
   had a sequence ADLFRGTLDPVEK with sequence homology to HSP70 (residues
   307-319). We were able to predict the motifs for DQ6 from the ligands
   eluted. We used molecular modeling as a tool to identify plausible
   binding motifs for peptides. Our studies show that peptide ADLFRGTLDPVEK
   and NPRDAKACVVHGSDLK fit well in the respective DQ6 binding grooves.
   These predicted motifs should then be useful for screening of
   autoantigens associated with diabetes and identifying the epitopes that
   are likely to interact with T cells.}},
ISSN = {{0077-8923}},
ISBN = {{1-57331-362-9}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176952100056}},
}

@inproceedings{ ISI:000176952100073,
Author = {Balasubramanyam, M and Premanand, C and Mohan, V},
Editor = {{Sanjeevi, CB}},
Title = {{The lymphocyte as a cellular model to study insights into the
   pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications}},
Booktitle = {{IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES: AUTOIMMUNE MECHANISMS AND THE PREVENTION AND
   CURE OF TYPE 1 DIABETES}},
Series = {{ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2002}},
Volume = {{958}},
Pages = {{399-402

repository: newbiettn/paper-review

repo_name: newbiettn/paper-review