text:
3",
  robnote =      "One of the major papers in this field, an extensive
                 study of humans and dogs. Some interest signal
                 processing issures raised as well as a whole mess of
                 phsyiological ones. autonomic control, barroreceptors,
                 heart rate, autonomic nervous system.",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Pag88,
  author =       "B. Page",
  title =        "A Report on the Internet Worm",
  year =         "1988",
  robnote =         "A summary of a great deal of info which flew around
                 after the virus, later renamed a worm, was found on the
                 internet computer network., CompSoft110",
}

@Article{RSM:Pag95,
  author =       "P.L. Page and N. Dandan and P. Savard and R. Nadeau
                 and J.A. Armour and R. Cardinal",
  title =        "Regional distribution of atrial electrical changes
                 induced by stimulation of extracardiac and intracardiac
                 neural elements.",
  journal =      "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg",
  year =         "1995",
  month =        feb,
  volume =       "109",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "377--388",
  robnote =      "afib, Autonomic nerves and intrinsic cardiac neural
                 elements are known to influence the electrophysiologic
                 and dynamic properties of the heart. This study
                 describes the regional distribution in the canine atria
                 of electrophysiologic effects induced by stimulation of
                 the right and left cervical vagosympathetic complexes,
                 the right atrial ganglionated plexus, and the right and
                 left stellate ganglia. Local atrial effects were
                 determined from changes in QRST area of unipolar
                 electrograms recorded from multiple sites with plaque
                 electrodes sewn onto the atria in 16 anesthetized dogs.
                 Results: (1) Although being very consistent in any
                 given preparation, atrial changes varied between
                 animals when similar neural structures were stimulated.
                 (2) Among the common features identified between
                 preparations, consistent effects were induced by neural
                 stimulation in the region of the sinus node, indicating
                 that this atrial region is the most richly innervated.
                 (3) All other regions of the atria could be affected by
                 stimulation of either right-sided or left-sided
                 efferent nerves. (4) Responses to right atrial
                 ganglionated plexus stimulation after atropine
                 administration indicated that the corresponding fat pad
                 contains both sympathetic and parasympathetic neural
                 elements. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that
                 there is considerable overlapping of atrial innervation
                 affecting all regions of the atria, as well as the
                 sinus node region.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 28 00:36:32 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Pah87,
  author =       "O. Pahlm and L. S{\"o}rnmo",
  title =        "Data Processing of Exercise {ECG}s",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "158--165",
  robnote =      "Read it! ECG004, exercise ecg, ecg processing",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pal00a,
  author =       "Palti Y.",
  title =        "Description of Axon Membrane Ionic Conductances and
                 Currents",
  booktitle =    "Biophysics and Physiology of Excitable Membranes",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "unknown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  pages =        "168--182",
  robnote =      "Chapter 6 from a book of Milan's. Covers channels,
                 membrane model of axon., CellPhysiol064",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pal00b,
  author =       "Palti Y.",
  title =        "Digital Computer Solutions of Membrane Currents in the
                 Voltage Clamped Giant Axon",
  booktitle =    "Biophysics and Physiology of Excitable Membranes",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "unknown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  pages =        "183--193",
  robnote =      "Chapter 7 from a book of Milan's. Covers digital
                 solution of membrane model of axon., CellPhysiol065",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pal00c,
  author =       "Palti Y.",
  title =        "Varying Potential Control Voltage Clamp of Axons",
  booktitle =    "Biophysics and Physiology of Excitable Membranes",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "unknown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  pages =        "194--205",
  robnote =      "Chapters 8 from a book of Milan's. Covers varying
                 potential control voltage clamp of axon.,
                 CellPhysiol066",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pal00d,
  author =       "Palti Y.",
  title =        "Analysis and Reconstruction of Axon Membrane Action
                 Potential",
  booktitle =    "Biophysics and Physiology of Excitable Membranes",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "unknown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  pages =        "206--214",
  robnote =      "Chapter 9 from a book of Milan's. Covers
                 reconstruction of the axom action potential. varying
                 potential control voltage clamp of axon.,
                 CellPhysiol067",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pal00e,
  author =       "Palti Y.",
  title =        "Digital Computer Reconstruction of Axon Membrane
                 Action Potential",
  booktitle =    "Biophysics and Physiology of Excitable Membranes",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "unknown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  pages =        "215--222",
  robnote =      "Chapter 10 from a book of Milan's. Covers digital
                 simulation of axon action potential., CellPhysiol068",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pal00f,
  author =       "Palti Y.",
  title =        "Analysis and Reconstruction of Propagated Impulse in
                 the Squid Giant Axon",
  booktitle =    "Biophysics and Physiology of Excitable Membranes",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "unknown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  pages =        "223--229",
  robnote =      "Chapters 11 from a book of Milan's. Covers modelling
                 of propagated action potentials in of axon.,
                 CellPhysiol069",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pal00g,
  author =       "Y. Palti",
  title =        "Analysis and Reconstruction of Propagated Impulse in
                 the Squid Giant Axon",
  booktitle =    "Biophysics and Physiology of Excitable Membranes",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "unknown",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  pages =        "223--229",
  robnote =      "Chapter 11 in a pretty good looking into many aspects
                 of excitable cells. This chapter is one a series by
                 Palti about cell membrane modelling. propagated action
                 potentials, axons, model., CellPhysiol096",
}

@Article{RSM:Pal88,
  author =       "U. Pallonen and T. Pechacek",
  title =        "Smoking and Ischemic Heart Disease--Facts and
                 Controversies",
  journal =      "Ann. Clin. Res.",
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "20",
  pages =        "121--128",
  robnote =      "Another from the series on preventive medicine in
                 heart disease, this one talks about the current
                 thinking on smoking and its influence on ischemic heart
                 disease., Ischemia099",
}

@Article{RSM:Pal89,
  author =       "R. Pallas-Areny and J. Colominas and J. Rosell",
  title =        "An Improved Buffer for Bioelectric Signals",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "36",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "490--493",
  robnote =      "Looks quite good and always worth checking out when
                 time for this sort of thing allows, someday perhaps...
                 amplifier, input stage, Electronics032",
}

@Article{RSM:Pan2009,
  author =       "A. Pandit and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Cardiac magnetic resonance in the world of the cardiac
                 electrophysiologist: the road to real-time cardiac
                 magnetic resonance.",
  journal =      "JACC Cardiovasc Imaging",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "317--318",
  robnote =       "afib",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 5 05:20:20 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Pan85,
  author =       "J. Pan and W.J. Tompkins",
  title =        "A real-time {QRS} detection algorithm",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "230--236",
  robnote =      "QRS detection using a combination of filter,
                 differentiation, absolute value and then integration.
                 Tested quite extensively on the MIT database.",
}

@Article{RSM:Pan93,
  author =       "A.V. Panfilov and J.P. Keener",
  title =        "Modelling re-entry in a finite element model of the
                 heart.",
  journal =      j-JP,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "467",
  pages =        "152",
}

@Article{RSM:Pan95,
  author =       "A.V. Panfilov and J.P. Keener",
  title =        "Re-entry in three-dimensional {F}itz{H}ugh-{N}agumo
                 medium with rotational anisotropy",
  journal =      "Physica D. Nonlinear phenomena",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "84",
  pages =        "545",
}

@Article{RSM:Pap2000,
  author =       "C. Pappone and S. Rosanio and G. Oreto and M. Tocchi
                 and F. Gugliotta and G. Vicedomini and A. Salvati and
                 C. Dicandia and P. Mazzone and V. Santinelli and S.
                 Gulletta and S. Chierchia",
  title =        "Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary
                 vein ostia: {A} new anatomic approach for curing atrial
                 fibrillation",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "102",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "2619--28",
  year =         "2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Pap2004,
  author =       "C. Pappone and H. Oral and V. Santinelli and G.
                 Vicedomini and C. C. Lang and F. Manguso and L.
                 Torracca and S. Benussi and O. Alfieri and R. Hong and
                 W. Lau and K. Hirata and N. Shikuma and B. Hall and F.
                 Morady",
  title =        "Atrio-esophageal fistula as a complication of
                 percutaneous transcatheter ablation of atrial
                 fibrillation",
  journal =      j-C,
  volume =       "109",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "2724--6",
  year =         "2004",
}

@Article{RSM:Pap87,
  author =       "M. Papouchado and P.R. Walker and M.A. James and L.M.
                 Clarke",
  title =        "Fundamental Differences Between the Standard 12-Lead
                 Electrocardiograph and the Modified ({M}ason--{L}ikar)
                 Exercise Lead System",
  journal =      j-EHJ,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "725--733",
  robnote =      "A good one, outlining the weaknesses of the
                 Mason-Likor and how to best utilize a lead system like
                 it for recording during exercise (and PTCA); thesis,
                 ECG072",
}

@Article{RSM:Pap87b,
  author =       "M. Papouchado and D.W. Pitcher and M.A. James and P.R.
                 Walker and R.P.H. Wilde",
  title =        "Simple Anatomical Basis for Surface
                 Electrocardiographic Changes During Selective Coronary
                 Arteriography",
  journal =      j-EHJ,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "254--262",
  robnote =      "Some more info on changes in ECG due to contrast
                 medium injection, this paper describes them in terms of
                 anatomy and geometry but also indicates that even
                 normal patients might show changes if due were injected
                 into them. dye study thesis, PTCA004",
}

@Article{RSM:Par20,
  author =       "H.E.B. Pardee",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic Signs of Coronary Artery
                 Obstructions",
  journal =      "Arch. Int. Med.",
  year =         "1920",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "244",
  robnote =      "thesis, don't have this one, the first reference to
                 ST-segment shifts in human patients., Ischemia142",
}

@Article{RSM:Par2004,
  author =       "A. Parent",
  title =        "Giovanni Aldini: from animal electricity to human brain
                 stimulation.",
  journal =      "Can J Neurol Sci",
  year =         "2004",
  month =        "Nov",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "576--584",
  robnote =      "Two hundred years ago, Giovanni Aldini published a highly
                 influential book that reported experiments in which the
                 principles of Luigi Galvani (animal electricity) and
                 Alessandro Volta (bimetallic electricity) were used
                 together for the first time. Aldini was born in Bologna in
                 1762 and graduated in physics at the University of his
                 native town in 1782. As nephew and assistant of Galvani,
                 he actively participated in a series of crucial
                 experiments with frog's muscles that led to the idea that
                 electricity was the long-sought vital force coursing from
                 brain to muscles. Aldini became professor of experimental
                 physics at the University of Bologna in 1798. He traveled
                 extensively throughout Europe, spending much time
                 defending the concept of his discreet uncle against the
                 incessant attacks of Volta, who did not believe in animal
                 electricity. Aldini used Volta's bimetallic pile to apply
                 electric current to dismembered bodies of animals and
                 humans; these spectacular galvanic reanimation experiments
                 made a strong and enduring impression on his
                 contemporaries. Aldini also treated patients with
                 personality disorders and reported complete rehabilitation
                 following transcranial administration of electric current.
                 Aldini's work laid the ground for the development of
                 various forms of electrotherapy that were heavily used
                 later in the 19th century. In recognition of his merits, Aldini
                 was made a knight of the Iron Crown and a councillor of
                 state at Milan, where he died in 1834.",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 23 12:23:13 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Par2014,
  author =       "B.R. Parmar and T.R. Jarrett and N.S. Burgon and E.G.
                 Kholmovski and N.W. Akoum and N. Hu and R.S. MacLeod and
                 N.F. Marrouche and R. Ranjan",
  title =        "Comparison of Left Atrial Area Marked Ablated in
                 Electroanatomical Maps with Scar in {MRI}.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2014",
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "457--463",
  robnote =      "We hypothesized that, in atrial
                 fibrillation (AF) ablation, EAM overestimates scar
                 formation in the left atrium (LA) when compared to the
                 scar seen on late-gadolinium enhancement magnetic
                 resonance imaging (LGE-MRI). Of the
                 235 patients who underwent initial ablation for AF at our
                 institution between August 2011 and December 2012, we
                 retrospectively identified 70 patients who had
                 preprocedural magnetic resonance angiography merged with
                 LA anatomy in EAM software and had a 3-month postablation
                 LGE-MRI for assessment of scar. Ablated area was marked
                 intraprocedurally using EAM software and quantified
                 retrospectively. Scarred area was quantified in 3-month
                 postablation LGE-MRI. The mean ablated area in EAM was
                 30.5 +/- 7.5\% of the LA endocardial surface and the mean
                 scarred area in LGE-MRI was 13.9 +/- 5.9\% (P < 0.001).
                 This significant difference in the ablated area marked in
                 the EAM and scar area in the LGE-MRI was present for each
                 of the 3 independent operators. Complete pulmonary vein
                 (PV) encirclement representing electrical isolation was
                 observed in 87.8\% of the PVs in EAM as compared to only
                 37.4\% in LGE-MRI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In AF
                 ablation, EAM significantly overestimates the resultant
                 scar as assessed with a follow-up LGE-MRI.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 15 07:04:30 2014",
  pmcid =        "PMC4090328",
}

@Article{RSM:Par2015,
  author =       "B.R. Parmar and T.R. Jarrett and E.G. Kholmovski and N.
                 Hu and D. Parker and R.S. MacLeod and N.F. Marrouche and
                 R. Ranjan",
  title =        "Poor scar formation after ablation is associated with
                 atrial fibrillation recurrence.",
  journal =      "J Interv Card Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Dec",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "247--256",
  robnote =      "PURPOSE: Patients routinely undergo ablation for atrial
                 fibrillation (AF) but the recurrence rate remains high. We
                 explored in this study whether poor scar formation as seen
                 on late-gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging
                 (LGE-MRI) correlates with AF recurrence following
                 ablation. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 94
                 consecutive patients who underwent their initial ablation
                 for AF at our institution and had pre-procedural magnetic
                 resonance angiography (MRA) merged with left atrial (LA)
                 anatomy in an electroanatomic mapping (EAM) system,
                 ablated areas marked intraprocedurally in EAM, 3-month
                 post-ablation LGE-MRI for assessment of scar, and minimum
                 of 3-months of clinical follow-up. Ablated area was
                 quantified retrospectively in EAM and scarred area was
                 quantified in the 3-month post-ablation LGE-MRI. RESULTS:
                 With the mean follow-up of 336 days, 26 out of 94 patients
                 had AF recurrence. Age, hypertension, and heart failure
                 were not associated with AF recurrence, but LA size and
                 difference between EAM ablated area and LGE-MRI scar area
                 was associated with higher AF recurrence. For each percent
                 higher difference between EAM ablated area and LGE-MRI
                 scar area, there was a 7-9 \% higher AF recurrence (p
                 values 0.001-0.003) depending on the multivariate
                 analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In AF ablation, poor scar formation
                 as seen on LGE-MRI was associated with AF recurrence.
                 Improved mapping and ablation techniques are necessary to
                 achieve the desired LA scar and reduce AF recurrence.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 7 16:39:43 2016",
}

@Article{RSM:Par2019,
  author =       "B. Parvinian and P. Pathmanathan and C. Daluwatte and F.
                 Yaghouby and R.A. Gray and S. Weininger and T.M. Morrison
                 and C.G. Scully",
  title =        "Credibility Evidence for Computational Patient Models
                 Used in the Development of Physiological Closed-Loop
                 Controlled Devices for Critical Care Medicine.",
  journal =      "Front Physiol",
  year =         "2019",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "220",
  robnote =      "UQ: Physiological closed-loop controlled medical devices
                 automatically adjust therapy delivered to a patient to
                 adjust a measured physiological variable. In critical care
                 scenarios, these types of devices could automate, for
                 example, fluid resuscitation, drug delivery, mechanical
                 ventilation, and/or anesthesia and sedation. Evidence from
                 simulations using computational models of physiological
                 systems can play a crucial role in the development of
                 physiological closed-loop controlled devices; but the
                 utility of this evidence will depend on the credibility of
                 the computational model used. Computational models of
                 physiological systems can be complex with numerous
                 non-linearities, time-varying properties, and unknown
                 parameters, which leads to challenges in model assessment.
                 Given the wide range of potential uses of computational
                 patient models in the design and evaluation of
                 physiological closed-loop controlled systems, and the
                 varying risks associated with the diverse uses, the
                 specific model as well as the necessary evidence to make a
                 model credible for a use case may vary. In this review, we
                 examine the various uses of computational patient models
                 in the design and evaluation of critical care
                 physiological closed-loop controlled systems (e.g.,
                 hemodynamic stability, mechanical ventilation, anesthetic
                 delivery) as well as the types of evidence (e.g.,
                 verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification
                 activities) presented to support the model for that use.
                 We then examine and discuss how a credibility assessment
                 framework (American Society of Mechanical Engineers
                 Verification and Validation Subcommittee, V&V 40
                 Verification and Validation in Computational Modeling of
                 Medical Devices) for medical devices can be applied to
                 computational patient models used to test physiological
                 closed-loop controlled systems.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 09:37:34 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC6445134",
}

@Article{RSM:Par82,
  author =       "I. Parson and P. Mendler and E. Downar",
  title =        "On-line Cardiac Mapping: {A}n Analog Approach using
                 Video and Multiplexing Techniques",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "1982",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "H526--H535",
  robnote =      "Another good technical paper about the mapping system
                 used by Eugene Downar in Totonto, epicardial mapping,
                 activation sequence, ischemia., BSPM025",
}

@Article{RSM:Par83,
  author =       "D. L. Parker and V. Smith and P. Sheldon and L. E.
                 Crooks and L. Fussell",
  title =        "Temperature distribution measurements in
                 two-dimensional {NMR} imaging",
  journal =      "Med Phys",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "321--325",
  abstract =     "This paper represents a preliminary study of the
                 effects of regional temperature distribution in
                 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1
                 imaging. It is found, as expected, that variations in
                 local temperature appear as variations in the
                 corresponding T1 image. The potential use of NMR T1
                 imaging in temperature measurements is evaluated in the
                 case of water and blood samples. Using containers where
                 the temperature could be either known or directly
                 controlled with reasonable accuracy, images are
                 obtained with samples having at least two regions at
                 different temperatures. As expected, T1 is found to
                 vary linearly with 1/T over the range of 0 degrees C to
                 about 40 degrees C for blood. The potential use of T1
                 imaging in hyperthermia applications is also
                 discussed.",
  keywords =     "Blood *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy *Temperature
                 Water",
  year =         "1983",
}

@Article{RSM:Par84,
  author =       "I. Parson and E. Downar",
  title =        "Clinical Instrumentation for the Intraoperative
                 Mapping of Ventricular Arrhythmia",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "683--692",
  robnote =      "Eugene Downar's mapping system for epicardial mapping,
                 a good technical description with a reference to
                 another even more technical article. thesis, BSPM024",
}

@Article{RSM:Par84b,
  author =       "D. L. Parker",
  title =        "Applications of {NMR} imaging in hyperthermia: an
                 evaluation of the potential for localized tissue
                 heating and noninvasive temperature monitoring",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Biomed Eng",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "161--167",
  keywords =     "Blood/radiation effects Energy Transfer *Hyperthermia,
                 Induced Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods
                 Mathematics *Temperature",
  year =         "1984",
}

@Article{RSM:Par87,
  author =       "J.O. Parker and M.A. Chiong and R.O. West and R.B.
                 Case",
  title =        "The Effect of Ischemia and Alterations of Heart Rate
                 on Myocardial Potassium Balance in Man",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1970",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "205--217",
  robnote =      "Another piece of evidence in the potassium story of
                 ischemia. They found increased levels of potassium and
                 lactate in patients in which they paced the heart rate.
                 Angina, Lactate, left ventricular end- diastolic
                 pressure, left ventricular function, pacing, sodium.
                 Cited in PTCA9, Holland and Brooks. thesis,
                 Ischemia051",
}

@Article{RSM:Par87a,
  author =       "K.S. Park and N.S. Lee",
  title =        "A three-dimensional {F}ourier descriptor for human
                 body representation/reconstruction from serial cross
                 sections",
  journal =      "Comput Biomed Res",
  volume =       "20",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "125--140",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Par89,
  author =       "I. Parson and E. Downar",
  title =        "Digital conversion of an analog cardiac mapping
                 approach",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS89,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1989",
  pages =        "202--203",
  robnote =      "BSPM, mapping, the lastest in the series of systems
                 produced by Parson and Downar, epicardial,",
}

@InBook{RSM:Par90,
  author =       "H. Partl",
  booktitle =    "{TEX} applications, uses, methods",
  title =        "German {TEX}",
  publisher =    "pub-EH",
  year =         "1990",
  pages =        "123--132",
  address =      "Chichester, England",
  ISBN =         "0-13-912296-6",
  robnote =      "An article on how other languages (German in this
                 case) can be added to TeX.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Par95,
  author =       "S.G. Parker and C.R. Johnson",
  title =        "{SCIRun}: a scientific programming environment for
                 computational steering",
  booktitle =    "Proc ACM IEEE Supercomputing Conf",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "1419--1439",
  publisher =    "IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA",
  robnote =      "We present the design, implementation and application
                 of SCIRun, a scientific programming environment that
                 allows the interactive construction, debugging and
                 steering of large scale scientific computations.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 19 18:20:45 2000",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Par95b,
  author =       "S.G. Parker and C.R. Johnson",
  title =        "{SCIR}un: {A} scientific programming environment for
                 computational steering",
  booktitle =    "Supercomputing `95",
  pages =        "",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  year =         "1995",
}

@Article{RSM:Par97,
  author =       "S.G. Parker and D.M. Beazley and C.R. Johnson",
  title =        "Computational steering software systems and
                 strategies",
  journal =      "IEEE Computational Science and Engineering",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "50--59",
  year =         "1997",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Par97b,
  author =       "S.G. Parker and D.M. Weinstein and C.R. Johnson",
  title =        "The {SCIR}un computational steering software system",
  booktitle =    "Modern Software Tools in Scientific Computing",
  editor =       "E. Arge and A.M. Bruaset and H.P. Langtangen",
  publisher =    "Birkhauser Press",
  address =      "",
  pages =        "1--44",
  year =         "1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Pas2015,
  author =       "A. Pashaei and J. Bayer and V. Meillet and R. Dubois and
                 E. Vigmond",
  title =        "Computation and projection of spiral wave trajectories
                 during atrial fibrillation: a computational study.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "37--47",
  robnote =      "To show how atrial fibrillation rotor activity on the
                 heart surface manifests as phase on the torso,
                 fibrillation was induced on a geometrically accurate
                 computer model of the human atria. The Hilbert transform,
                 time embedding, and filament detection were compared.
                 Electrical activity on the epicardium was used to compute
                 potentials on different surfaces from the atria to the
                 torso. The Hilbert transform produces erroneous phase when
                 pacing for longer than the action potential duration. The
                 number of phase singularities, frequency content, and the
                 dominant frequency decreased with distance from the heart,
                 except for the convex hull.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Pas2016,
  author =       "F. Pashakhanloo and D.A. Herzka and H. Ashikaga and S.
                 Mori and N. Gai and D.A. Bluemke and N.A. Trayanova and
                 E.R. McVeigh",
  title =        "Myofiber Architecture of the Human Atria as Revealed by
                 Submillimeter Diffusion Tensor Imaging.",
  journal =      j-CAE,
  year =         "2016",
  month =        "Apr",
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "(epub)",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Accurate knowledge of the human atrial
                 fibrous structure is paramount in understanding the
                 mechanisms of atrial electric function in health and
                 disease. Thus far, such knowledge has been acquired from
                 destructive sectioning, and there is a paucity of data
                 about atrial fiber architecture variability in the human
                 population. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we have
                 developed a customized 3-dimensional diffusion tensor
                 magnetic resonance imaging sequence on a clinical scanner
                 that makes it possible to image an entire intact human
                 heart specimen ex vivo at submillimeter resolution. The
                 data from 8 human atrial specimens obtained with this
                 technique present complete maps of the fibrous
                 organization of the human atria. The findings demonstrate
                 that the main features of atrial anatomy are mostly
                 preserved across subjects although the exact location and
                 orientation of atrial bundles vary. Using the full
                 tractography data, we were able to cluster, visualize, and
                 characterize the distinct major bundles in the human
                 atria. Furthermore, quantitative characterization of the
                 fiber angles across the atrial wall revealed that the
                 transmural fiber angle distribution is heterogeneous
                 throughout different regions of the atria. CONCLUSIONS:
                 The application of submillimeter diffusion tensor magnetic
                 resonance imaging provides an unprecedented level of
                 information on both human atrial structure, as well as its
                 intersubject variability. The high resolution and fidelity
                 of this data could enhance our understanding of structural
                 contributions to atrial rhythm and pump disorders and lead
                 to improvements in their targeted treatment.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Apr 19 20:29:28 2016",
}

@Article{RSM:Pas2017,
  author =       "F. Pashakhanloo and D.A. Herzka and S. Mori and M. Zviman
                 and H. Halperin and N. Gai and D.A. Bluemke and N.A.
                 Trayanova and E.R. McVeigh",
  title =        "Submillimeter diffusion tensor imaging and late
                 gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance
                 of chronic myocardial infarction.",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Magn Reson",
  year =         "2017",
  month =        "Jan",
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D)
                 infarct structure and fiber orientation remodeling is
                 essential for complete understanding of infarct
                 pathophysiology and post-infarction electromechanical
                 functioning of the heart. Accurate imaging of infarct
                 microstructure necessitates imaging techniques that
                 produce high image spatial resolution and high
                 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The aim of this study is to
                 provide detailed reconstruction of 3D chronic infarcts in
                 order to characterize the infarct microstructural
                 remodeling in porcine and human hearts. METHODS: We
                 employed a customized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
                 technique in conjunction with late gadolinium enhancement
                 (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) on a 3T
                 clinical scanner to image, at submillimeter resolution,
                 myofiber orientation and scar structure in eight
                 chronically infarcted porcine hearts ex vivo. Systematic
                 quantification of local microstructure was performed and
                 the chronic infarct remodeling was characterized at
                 different levels of wall thickness and scar transmurality.
                 Further, a human heart with myocardial infarction was
                 imaged using the same DTI sequence. RESULTS: The SNR of
                 non-diffusion-weighted images was >100 in the infarcted
                 and control hearts. Mean diffusivity and fractional
                 anisotropy (FA) demonstrated a 43\% increase, and a 35\%
                 decrease respectively, inside the scar tissue. Despite
                 this, the majority of the scar showed anisotropic
                 structure with FA higher than an isotropic liquid. The
                 analysis revealed that the primary eigenvector orientation
                 at the infarcted wall on average followed the pattern of
                 original fiber orientation (imbrication angle mean: 1.96
                 +/- 11.03 degrees vs. 0.84 +/- 1.47 degrees , p = 0.61,
                 and inclination angle range: 111.0 +/- 10.7 degrees vs.
                 112.5 +/- 6.8 degrees , p = 0.61, infarcted/control wall),
                 but at a higher transmural gradient of inclination angle
                 that increased with scar transmurality (r = 0.36) and the
                 inverse of wall thickness (r = 0.59). Further, the
                 infarcted wall exhibited a significant increase in both
                 the proportion of left-handed epicardial eigenvectors, and
                 in the angle incoherency. The infarcted human heart
                 demonstrated preservation of primary eigenvector
                 orientation at the thinned region of infarct, consistent
                 with the findings in the porcine hearts. CONCLUSIONS: The
                 application of high-resolution DTI and LGE-CMR revealed
                 the detailed organization of anisotropic infarct structure
                 at a chronic state. This information enhances our
                 understanding of chronic post-infarction remodeling in
                 large animal and human hearts.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 21:36:24 2018",
  pmcid =        "PMC5264305",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat2013,
  author =       "Y. Pathak and B.H. Kopell and A. Szabo and C. Rainey and
                 H. Harsch and C.R. Butson",
  title =        "The role of electrode location and stimulation polarity
                 in patient response to cortical stimulation for major
                 depressive disorder.",
  journal =      "Brain Stimul",
  year =         "2013",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "254--260",
  robnote =      "Chronic epidural stimulation (EpCS) of
                 the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was
                 recently evaluated as a treatment option for refractory
                 MDD and was found to be effective during the open-label
                 phase. However, two potential sources of variability in
                 the study were differences in electrode position and the
                 range of stimulation modes that were used in each patient.
                 The objective of this study was to examine these factors
                 in an effort to characterize successful EpCS therapy.
                 A persistent problem
                 in neuromodulation studies has been the selection of
                 stimulation parameters and electrode location to provide
                 optimal therapeutic response. The approach used in this
                 paper suggests that insights can be gained by performing a
                 detailed analysis of response while controlling for
                 important details such as electrode location and
                 stimulation settings.",
  bibdate =      "Sun May 25 06:53:32 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat2013a,
  author =       "P. Pathmanathan and R.A. Gray",
  title =        "Ensuring reliability of safety-critical clinical
                 applications of computational cardiac models.",
  journal =      "Front Physiol",
  year =         "2013",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "358",
  robnote =      "UQ: Computational models of cardiac electrophysiology have
                 been used for over half a century to investigate
                 physiological mechanisms and generate hypotheses for
                 experimental testing, and are now starting to play a role
                 in clinical applications. There is currently a great deal
                 of interest in using models as diagnostic or therapeutic
                 aids, for example using patient-specific whole-heart
                 simulations to optimize cardiac resynchronization therapy,
                 ablation therapy, and defibrillation. However, if models
                 are to be used in safety-critical clinical decision
                 making, the reliability of their predictions needs to be
                 thoroughly investigated. In engineering and the physical
                 sciences, the field of verification, validation and
                 uncertainty quantification (VVUQ) [also known as
                 verification and validation (V&V)] has been developed for
                 rigorously evaluating the credibility of computational
                 model predictions. In this article we first discuss why it
                 is vital that cardiac models be developed and evaluated
                 within a VVUQ framework, and then consider cardiac models
                 in the context of each of the stages in VVUQ. We identify
                 some of the major difficulties which may need to be
                 overcome for cardiac models to be used in safely-critical
                 clinical applications.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 09:37:34 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC3858646",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat2014,
  author =       "P. Pathmanathan and R.A. Gray",
  title =        "Verification of computational models of cardiac
                 electro-physiology.",
  journal =      "Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng",
  year =         "2014",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "525--544",
  robnote =      "UQ: For computational models of cardiac activity to be used
                 in safety-critical clinical decision-making, thorough and
                 rigorous testing of the accuracy of predictions is
                 required. The field of 'verification, validation and
                 uncertainty quantification' has been developed to evaluate
                 the credibility of computational predictions. The first
                 stage, verification, is the evaluation of how well
                 computational software correctly solves the underlying
                 mathematical equations. The aim of this paper is to
                 introduce novel methods for verifying multi-cellular
                 electro-physiological solvers, a crucial first stage for
                 solvers to be used with confidence in clinical
                 applications. We define 1D-3D model problems with exact
                 solutions for each of the monodomain, bidomain, and
                 bidomain-with-perfusing-bath formulations of cardiac
                 electro-physiology, which allow for the first time the
                 testing of cardiac solvers against exact errors on fully
                 coupled problems in all dimensions. These problems are
                 carefully constructed so that they can be easily run using
                 a general solver and can be used to greatly increase
                 confidence that an implementation is correct, which we
                 illustrate by testing one major solver, 'Chaste', on the
                 problems. We then perform case studies on calculation
                 verification (also known as solution verification) for two
                 specific applications. We conclude by making several
                 recommendations regarding verification in cardiac
                 modelling.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 09:37:34 2019",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat2015,
  author =       "P. Pathmanathan and M.S. Shotwell and D.J. Gavaghan and
                 J.M. Cordeiro and R.A. Gray",
  title =        "Uncertainty quantification of fast sodium current
                 steady-state inactivation for multi-scale models of
                 cardiac electrophysiology.",
  journal =      "Prog Biophys Mol Biol",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Jan",
  volume =       "117",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--18",
  robnote =      "UQ: Perhaps the most mature area of multi-scale systems
                 biology is the modelling of the heart. Current models are
                 grounded in over fifty years of research in the
                 development of biophysically detailed models of the
                 electrophysiology (EP) of cardiac cells, but one aspect
                 which is inadequately addressed is the incorporation of
                 uncertainty and physiological variability. Uncertainty
                 quantification (UQ) is the identification and
                 characterisation of the uncertainty in model parameters
                 derived from experimental data, and the computation of the
                 resultant uncertainty in model outputs. It is a necessary
                 tool for establishing the credibility of computational
                 models, and will likely be expected of EP models for
                 future safety-critical clinical applications. The focus of
                 this paper is formal UQ of one major sub-component of
                 cardiac EP models, the steady-state inactivation of the
                 fast sodium current, INa. To better capture average
                 behaviour and quantify variability across cells, we have
                 applied for the first time an 'individual-based'
                 statistical methodology to assess voltage clamp data.
                 Advantages of this approach over a more traditional
                 'population-averaged' approach are highlighted. The method
                 was used to characterise variability amongst cells
                 isolated from canine epi and endocardium, and this
                 variability was then 'propagated forward' through a canine
                 model to determine the resultant uncertainty in model
                 predictions at different scales, such as of upstroke
                 velocity and spiral wave dynamics. Statistically
                 significant differences between epi and endocardial cells
                 (greater half-inactivation and less steep slope of steady
                 state inactivation curve for endo) was observed, and the
                 forward propagation revealed a lack of robustness of the
                 model to underlying variability, but also surprising
                 robustness to variability at the tissue scale. Overall,
                 the methodology can be used to: (i) better analyse voltage
                 clamp data; (ii) characterise underlying population
                 variability; (iii) investigate consequences of
                 variability; and (iv) improve the ability to validate a
                 model. To our knowledge this article is the first to
                 quantify population variability in membrane dynamics in
                 this manner, and the first to perform formal UQ for a
                 component of a cardiac model. The approach is likely to
                 find much wider applicability across systems biology as
                 current application domains reach greater levels of
                 maturity.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 09:37:34 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC4472478",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat2018,
  author =       "P. Pathmanathan and R.A. Gray",
  title =        "Validation and Trustworthiness of Multiscale Models of
                 Cardiac Electrophysiology.",
  journal =      "Front Physiol",
  year =         "2018",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "106",
  robnote =      "UQ: Computational models of cardiac electrophysiology have a
                 long history in basic science applications and device
                 design and evaluation, but have significant potential for
                 clinical applications in all areas of cardiovascular
                 medicine, including functional imaging and mapping, drug
                 safety evaluation, disease diagnosis, patient selection,
                 and therapy optimisation or personalisation. For all
                 stakeholders to be confident in model-based clinical
                 decisions, cardiac electrophysiological (CEP) models must
                 be demonstrated to be trustworthy and reliable.
                 Credibility, that is, the belief in the predictive
                 capability, of a computational model is primarily
                 established by performing validation, in which model
                 predictions are compared to experimental or clinical data.
                 However, there are numerous challenges to performing
                 validation for highly complex multi-scale physiological
                 models such as CEP models. As a result, credibility of CEP
                 model predictions is usually founded upon a wide range of
                 distinct factors, including various types of validation
                 results, underlying theory, evidence supporting model
                 assumptions, evidence from model calibration, all at a
                 variety of scales from ion channel to cell to organ.
                 Consequently, it is often unclear, or a matter for debate,
                 the extent to which a CEP model can be trusted for a given
                 application. The aim of this article is to clarify
                 potential rationale for the trustworthiness of CEP models
                 by reviewing evidence that has been (or could be)
                 presented to support their credibility. We specifically
                 address the complexity and multi-scale nature of CEP
                 models which makes traditional model evaluation difficult.
                 In addition, we make explicit some of the credibility
                 justification that we believe is implicitly embedded in
                 the CEP modeling literature. Overall, we provide a fresh
                 perspective to CEP model credibility, and build a
                 depiction and categorisation of the wide-ranging body of
                 credibility evidence for CEP models. This paper also
                 represents a step toward the extension of model evaluation
                 methodologies that are currently being developed by the
                 medical device community, to physiological models.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 09:37:34 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC5818422",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat2019,
  author =       "P. Pathmanathan and J.M. Cordeiro and R.A. Gray",
  title =        "Comprehensive Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity
                 Analysis for Cardiac Action Potential Models.",
  journal =      "Front Physiol",
  year =         "2019",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "721",
  robnote =      "UQ: Recent efforts to ensure the reliability of computational
                 model-based predictions in healthcare, such as the ASME
                 V&V40 Standard, emphasize the importance of uncertainty
                 quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis (SA) when
                 evaluating computational models. UQ involves empirically
                 determining the uncertainty in model inputs-typically
                 resulting from natural variability or measurement
                 error-and then calculating the resultant uncertainty in
                 model outputs. SA involves calculating how uncertainty in
                 model outputs can be apportioned to input uncertainty.
                 Rigorous comprehensive UQ/SA provides confidence that
                 model-based decisions are robust to underlying
                 uncertainties. However, comprehensive UQ/SA is not
                 currently feasible for whole heart models, due to numerous
                 factors including model complexity and difficulty in
                 measuring variability in the many parameters. Here, we
                 present a significant step to developing a framework to
                 overcome these limitations. We: (i) developed a novel
                 action potential (AP) model of moderate complexity (six
                 currents, seven variables, 36 parameters); (ii) prescribed
                 input variability for all parameters (not empirically
                 derived); (iii) used a single hyper-parameter to study
                 increasing levels of parameter uncertainty; (iv) performed
                 UQ and SA for a range of model-derived quantities with
                 physiological relevance; and (v) present quantitative and
                 qualitative ways to analyze different behaviors that occur
                 under parameter uncertainty, including model failure. This
                 is the first time uncertainty in every parameter
                 (including conductances, steady-state parameters, and time
                 constant parameters) of every ionic current in a cardiac
                 model has been studied. This approach allowed us to
                 demonstrate that, for this model, the simulated AP is
                 fully robust to low levels of parameter",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 27 09:37:34 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC6607060",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat85,
  author =       "R.P. Patterson",
  title =        "Sources of the thoracic cardiogenic electrical
                 impedance signal as determined by a model",
  journal =      j-MBEC,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "411--417",
  robnote =      "No hard copy, inverse problem, conductivity",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat85b,
  author =       "R.R. Patterson",
  title =        "Projective transformations os the parameter of a
                 {B}ernstein-{B}{\'e}zier curve",
  journal =      j-TOGS,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "276--290",
  robnote =      "graphics, curve fitting, bezier",
}

@Article{RSM:Pat89,
  author =       "Randolph E. Patterson and Steven F. Horowitz",
  title =        "Importance of epidemiology and biostatistics in
                 deciding clinical strategies for using diagnostic
                 tests: {A} simplified approach using examples from
                 coronary artery disease",
  journal =      "J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.",
  volume =       "13",
  pages =        "1653--1665",
  year =         "1989",
}

@Article{RSM:Pau2001,
  author =       "T. Paul and B. Windhagen-Mahnert and T. Kriebel and H.
                 Bertram and R. Kaulitz and T. Korte and M. Niehaus and
                 J. Tebbenjohanns",
  title =        "Atrial reentrant tachycardia after surgery for
                 congenital heart disease: endocardial mapping and
                 radiofrequency catheter ablation using a novel,
                 noncontact mapping system.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2001",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "103",
  number =       "18",
  pages =        "2266--2271",
  robnote =      "In 14 patients, an electrophysiological study using
                 the Ensite 3000 system was performed to assess ARTs
                 resistant to medical treatment. Sixteen different forms
                 of ART were inducible in the 14 patients studied. The
                 reentrant circuit of all ARTs could be characterized
                 and localized with respect to anatomic landmarks such
                 as atriotomy scars, intraatrial patches/baffles, and
                 cardiac structures. In 15 of the 16 ARTs (in 13 of the
                 14 patients), a target area of the reentrant circuit
                 for radiofrequency current application (ie, an area of
                 conduction between 2 anatomical obstacles such as
                 surgical barriers and cardiac structures of electrical
                 isolation) could be localized within the systemic
                 venous atrium. In patients with ART after the surgical
                 correction of congenital heart disease, the use of the
                 noncontact mapping system allows for characterization
                 of the tachycardia and guidance for effective
                 radiofrequency current delivery.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Mar 12 13:30:51 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Pav92,
  author =       "G.S. Pavlides and A.M. Hauser and C.L. Grines and P.I.
                 Dudlets and W.W. O'Neill",
  title =        "Clinical, hemodynamic, electrocardiographic and
                 mechanical events during nonocclusive, coronary
                 atherectomy and comparison with balloon angioplasty",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "841--845",
  robnote =      "Comparison of PTCA with two other alternatives which
                 have rotating cutters instead of a balloon to remove
                 plaque from the artery walls. Findings suggest that
                 these alternatives cause somewhat less pain and wall
                 motion abnormalities, but the ECG changes are not
                 improved, in some cases even worsened.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pay2010,
  author = 	 "G.Payne and S.Vijayakumar and  E.G. Kholmovski and
                  J. Davis and J. Blauer and C. Gloschat and
                  K. Lilbok and R.S. MacLeod and D.L. Parker
                  and N.F. Marrouche",
  title = 	 "Defibrillation in an MRI environment",
  booktitle = "18th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM",
  pages = 	 1463,
  year = 	 2010,
  Robnote = 	 "afib Defibrillation in the MRI scanner"
}

@Article{RSM:Pea88,
  author =       "R. Pearson",
  title =        "Lies, Damned Lies, and Spreadsheets",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1988",
  month =        dec,
  pages =        "299--303",
  robnote =      "Some checks you can perform on a spreadsheet
                 simulation, or any model for that matter, to see if the
                 solutions you get are resonable. Quite good actually
                 and mentions the effect we find in the solution to the
                 inverse problem in that a small change in input data
                 can cause wild oscillations on the output. numerical
                 methods., CompSoft119",
}

@Article{RSM:Pee97,
  author =       "H.A. Peeters and A. SippensGroenewegen and B.A.
                 Schoonderwoerd and E.F. Wever and C.A. Grimbergen and
                 R.N. Hauer and d.e. Rohles",
  title =        "Body-surface {QRST} integral mapping. Arrhythmogenic
                 righ ventricular dysplasia versus idiopathic right
                 ventricular tachycardia",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "95",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2668--76",
  robnote =      "USed QRST intergral mapping to differentiate between
                 two different sources of of arrhythmia of the RV.",
}

@Article{RSM:Pee98,
  author =       "H.A. Peeters and A. Sippensgroenewegen and E.F. Wever
                 and M. Potse and M.C. Daniels and C.A. Grimbergen and
                 R.N. Hauer and d.e. Robles",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic identification of abnormal
                 ventricular depolarization and repolarization in
                 patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation.",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1406--13",
  robnote =      "",
}

@Article{RSM:Pel2007,
  author =       "P.A. Pellikka and S.F. Nagueh and A.A.
                 Elhendy and C.A. Kuehl and S.G. Sawada",
  doi =          "10.1016/j.echo.2007.07.003",
  journal =      "Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1021--1041",
  pmid =         "17765820",
  title =        "{American Society of Echocardiography Recommendations
                 for Performance, Interpretation, and Application of
                 Stress Echocardiography}",
  volume =       "20",
  year =         "2007",
  abstract =     "Stress echocardiography is a well-validated tool for
                 detection and assessment of CAD. Its prognostic value
                 has been well documented in multiple large studies,
                 which have demonstrated its role for preoperative risk
                 stratification before noncardiac surgery, recovery of
                 function of viable myocardium, and identification of
                 patients at increased risk of cardiac events and death.
                 The test is less expensive than other stress imaging
                 modalities, providing accuracy for detection of CAD and
                 prognostic information equivalent to SPECT perfusion
                 imaging. Moreover, it has great versatility, permitting
                 assessment of valvular and pericardial abnormalities,
                 chamber sizes, and wall thicknesses. ?? 2007 American
                 Society of Echocardiography.",
}

@Article{RSM:Pel87,
  author =       "D. Pelzer and W. Trautwein",
  title =        "Currents Through Ionic Channels in Multicellular
                 Cardiac Tissue and Single Heart Cells",
  journal =      "Experientia",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "1153--1168",
  robnote =      "single hart cell, voltage clamp, patch clamp, ionic
                 channels, this is a review and probably pretty good
                 reading., CardCell013",
}

@Article{RSM:Pel90,
  author =       "D. Pelzer and S. Pelzer and T.F. McDonald",
  title =        "Properties and Regulation of Calcium Channels in
                 Muscle Cells",
  journal =      "Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol.",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "114",
  pages =        "108--207",
  robnote =      "A review Terry handed out on the cell physiology
                 course. Everything you were always dying to know about
                 calcium as a regulator in the body, CardCell042",
}

@Article{RSM:Pen86,
  author =       "K.E. Pennywitt",
  title =        "Robotic Tactile Sensing: {C}oming to Grips with
                 Tactile Sensors",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        jan,
  pages =        "177--200",
  robnote =      "technical info about tactile sensors, how they work,
                 how to use them, transducers, robotics, AI,
                 CompHard020",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pen95,
  author =       "C.J. Penney and J.C. Clements and M.J. Gardner and L.
                 Sterns and B.M. Horacek",
  title =        "The inverse problem of electrocardiography:
                 {A}pplication to localization of
                 {W}olff-{P}arkinson-{W}hite pre-excitation sites",
  pages =        "215--216",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS95,
  year =         "1995",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "Montreal, Canada",
  robnote =      "Cindy's paper localizing WPW reentry sites with an
                 inverse solution.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pen97,
  author =       "E. Penades and W. O'Connel and R.S. MacLeod and M. Dae
                 and M.D. Lesh",
  title =        "Visualization of radionuclide imaging and activation
                 recovery intervals on the epicardial surface",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS97,
  year =         "1997",
  organization = "IEEE",
  robnote =      "Article with Liz in which she used my trisurf program
                 fo make models of the heart from CT/MRI scans",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 20 17:21:05 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Per2008,
  author =       "T. Perretta and C.A. Pistolese and F. Bolacchi and E.
                 Cossu and V. Fiaschetti and G. Simonetti",
  title =        "MR imaging-guided 10-gauge vacuum-assisted breast biopsy:
                 histological characterisation.",
  journal =      "Radiol Med",
  year =         "2008",
  month =        "Sep",
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "830--840",
  robnote =      "PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate a handheld
                 vacuum-assisted device for magnetic resonance imaging
                 (MRI)-guided breast biopsy. Technical success
                 was achieved in all biopsies. Histological results from
                 VAB revealed malignancy in 15 lesions (32\%), atypical
                 ductal hyperplasia in four lesions (8\%) and benign
                 findings in 28 lesions (60\%).  MRI-guided biopsy of
                 breast lesions using a handheld vacuum-assisted device is
                 a safe and effective method for the workup of suspicious
                 lesions seen on breast MRI alone.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 26 13:09:35 2009",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Per2012,
  author = 	 "D. Perry and A. Morris and N. Burgon and C. McGann and
                  R.S. MacLeod and J. Cates.",
  title = 	 "Automatic classification of scar tissue in late gadolinium
                  enhancement cardiac MRI for the assessment of left-atrial
                  wall injury after radiofrequency ablation.",
  volume =       "8315",
  booktitle =    "SPIE Medical Imaging: Computer Aided Diagnosis",
  pmcid =        "PMC3824273",
  year = 	 2012}

@Article{RSM:Per86,
  author =       "K.E. Perrey",
  title =        "Abstract Mathematical Art",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        dec,
  pages =        "181--192",
  robnote =      "A BASIC program to explore the fascinating world of
                 linear cousins of the Game of Life, cellular automata.
                 Has some excellent references to check., CompSoft005",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Per87,
  author =       "S.S. Periyalwar and S.T. Nugent and M.J. Gardner and
                 T.J. Montague and B.M. Horacek",
  title =        "{FFT} and {KLT} Analysis of {QRST} Integral Maps of
                 {MI} Patients and {VT} Patients",
  booktitle =    "IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 9th
                 Annual International Conference",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "174--175",
  robnote =      "Shalini's paper about finding tranforms of MI and VT
                 patients to show correlation between disease and map
                 results. signal processing, FFT, KLT. thesis, BSPM039",
}

@Article{RSM:Per89,
  author =       "S.S. Periyalwar and S.T. Nugent and B.M.
                 Horacek",
  title =        "Two-Dimensional {F}ourier Spectrum of {QRST} Integral
                 Maps in Classification of Patients Prone to Ventricular
                 Arrhythmia",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "36",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "493--496",
  robnote =      "Shalini's paper from her excellent thesis., BSPM079",
}

@Article{RSM:Per89b,
  author =       "T.S. Perry and J. Voelker",
  title =        "Of Mice and Menus: Designing the User-Friendly
                 Interface",
  journal =      "IEEE Spectrum",
  year =         "1989",
  month =        sep,
  pages =        "46--52",
  robnote =      "The history of mouse and graphical interfaces, like
                 the Mac and the Xerox PARC-station that went before it.
                 Interesting reading., CompHard160",
}

@Article{RSM:Per93,
  author =       "A.M. Pertsov and J.M. Davidenko and R. Salomonsz and
                 W.T. Baxter and J. Jalife",
  title =        "Spiral waves of excitation underlie reentrant activity
                 in isolated cardiac muscle.",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1993",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "631--650",
  robnote =      "The mechanism of reentrant ventricular tachycardia was
                 studied in computer simulations and in thin
                 (approximately 20 x 20 x 0.5-mm) slices of dog and
                 sheep ventricular epicardial muscle. A two-dimensional
                 matrix consisting of 96 x 96 electrically coupled cells
                 modeled by the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations was used to
                 analyze the dynamics of self-sustaining reentrant
                 activity in the form of elliptical spiral waves induced
                 by premature stimulation. In homogeneous anisotropic
                 media, spirals are stationary and may last
                 indefinitely. However, the presence of small parameter
                 gradients may lead to drifting and eventual termination
                 of the spiral at the boundary of the medium. On the
                 other hand, spirals may anchor and rotate around small
                 discontinuities within the matrix. Similar results were
                 obtained experimentally in 10 preparations whose
                 electrical activity was monitored by means of a
                 potentiometric dye and high-resolution optical mapping
                 techniques; premature stimulation triggered
                 reproducible episodes of sustained or nonsustained
                 reentrant tachycardia in the form of spiral waves. As a
                 rule, the spirals were elongated, with the major
                 hemiaxis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
                 cells. The period of rotation (183 +/- 68 msec [mean
                 +/- SD]) was longer than the refractory period (131 +/-
                 38 msec) and appeared to be determined by the size of
                 the spiral's core, which was measured using a newly
                 devised frame-stack plot. Drifting of spiral waves was
                 also observed experimentally. Drift velocity was 9.8\%
                 of the velocity of wave propagation. In some cases, the
                 core became stationary by anchoring to small arteries
                 or other heterogeneities, and the spiral rotated
                 rhythmically for prolonged periods of time. Yet, when
                 drift occurred, spatiotemporal variations in the
                 excitation period were manifested as a result of a
                 Doppler effect, with the excitation period ahead of the
                 core being 20 +/- 6\% shorter than the excitation
                 period behind the core. As a result of these coexisting
                 frequencies, a pseudoelectrocardiogram of the activity
                 in the presence of a drifting spiral wave exhibited QRS
                 complexes with an undulating axis, which resembled
                 those observed in patients with torsade de pointes. The
                 overall results show that spiral wave activity is a
                 property of cardiac muscle and suggest that such
                 activity may be the common mechanism of a number of
                 monomorphic and polymorphic tachycardias.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 8 18:24:04 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Per97,
  author =       "J. Peraire and K. Morgan",
  title =        "Unstructured mesh generation including directional
                 refinement for aerodynamic flow simulation",
  journal =      "Finite elements in analysis and design",
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "25",
  pages =        "343",
  robnote =      "mesh adaption, triangulation, tessellation",
  acknowledgement = ack-xxx,
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 29 23:00:56 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Pes99,
  author =       "K. Pesola and J. Nenonen and R. Fenici and J.
                 L{\"o}tj{\"o}nen and M. M{\"a}kij{\"a}rvi and P. Fenici
                 and P. Korhonen and K. Lauerma and M. Valkonen and L.
                 Toivonen and T. Katila",
  title =        "Bioelectromagnetic localization of a pacing catheter
                 in the heart",
  journal =      j-PMB,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "44",
  pages =        "2565--258",
  robnote =      "Jukka paper, no hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 29 16:52:01 2001",
}

@Article{RSM:Pet2006,
  author =       "D. C. Peters and R. M. Botnar and K. V. Kissinger and
                 S. B. Yeon and E. A. Appelbaum and W. J. Manning",
  title =        "Inversion recovery radial {MRI} with interleaved
                 projection sets",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Med",
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1150--6",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Pet2007,
  author =       "D. C. Peters and J. V. Wylie and T. H. Hauser and K.
                 V. Kissinger and R. M. Botnar and V. Essebag and M. E.
                 Josephson and W. J. Manning",
  title =        "Detection of pulmonary vein and left atrial scar after
                 catheter ablation with three-dimensional
                 navigator-gated delayed enhancement {MR} imaging:
                 initial experience",
  journal =      "Radiology",
  volume =       "243",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "690--5",
  year =         "2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Pet2009,
  author =       "D.C. Peters and J.V. Wylie and T.H. Hauser and R. Nezafat
                 and Y. Han and J.J. Woo and J. Taclas and K.V. Kissinger
                 and B. Goddu and M.E. Josephson and W.J. Manning",
  title =        "Recurrence of atrial fibrillation correlates with the
                 extent of post-procedural late gadolinium enhancement: a
                 pilot study.",
  journal =      "JACC Cardiovasc Imaging",
  year =         "2009",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "308--316",
  robnote =      "We sought to evaluate radiofrequency (RF)
                 ablation lesions in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients
                 using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and to correlate
                 the ablation patterns with treatment success.
		  We hypothesized that the extent of
                 scar in the left atrium and pulmonary veins (PV) would
                 correlate with moderate-term procedural success. METHODS:
                 Thirty-five patients with AF, undergoing their first RF
                 ablation procedure, were studied. The RF ablation
                 procedure was performed to achieve bidirectional
                 conduction block around each PV ostium. AF recurrence was
                 documented using a 7-day event monitor at multiple
                 intervals during the first year. High spatial resolution
                 3-dimensional LGE CMR was performed 46 +/- 28 days after
                 RF ablation. The extent of scarring around the ostia of
                 each PV was quantitatively (volume of scar) and
                 qualitatively (1: minimal, 3: extensive and
                 circumferential) assessed. RESULTS: Thirteen (37\%)
                 patients had recurrent AF during the 6.7 +/- 3.6-month
                 observation period. Paroxysmal AF was a strong predictor
                 of nonrecurrent AF (15\% with recurrence vs. 68\% without,
                 p = 0.002). Qualitatively, patients without recurrence had
                 more completely circumferentially scarred veins (55\% vs.
                 35\% of veins, p = NS). Patients without recurrence more
                 frequently had scar in the inferior portion of the right
                 inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) (82\% vs. 31\%, p = 0.025,
                 Bonferroni corrected). The volume of scar in the RIPV was
                 quantitatively greater in patients without AF recurrence
                 (p < or = 0.05) and was a univariate predictor of
                 recurrence using Cox regression (p = 0.049, Bonferroni
                 corrected). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing PV
                 isolation, AF recurrence during the first year is
                 associated with a lesser degree of PV and left atrial
                 scarring on 3-dimensional LGE CMR. This finding was
                 significant for RIPV scar and may have implications for
                 the procedural technique used in PV isolation.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 5 05:20:20 2009",
}

@Article{RSM:Pet84,
  author =       "N. Peterson",
  title =        "Designing a Simulated Laboratory, an example from
                 cardiovascular physiology.",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1984",
  month =        jun,
  pages =        "287--296",
  robnote =      "A computer aided instruction program which we have in
                 the department for simulating the cardiovascular
                 system. Good general comments are made as well about
                 this type of programming. The program itself is not
                 quite the success I had hoped frm reading the article.
                 The idea is great though! CAI, CompSoft014",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pet87,
  author =       "C.S. Peterson and B.R. Piper and A.J. Worsey",
  title =        "Adaptive contouring of a trivariate interpolant",
  booktitle =    "Geometric modeling: {A}lgorithms and new trends",
  publisher =    "SIAM",
  year =         "1987",
  editor =       "G. Farin",
  pages =        "385--395",
  robnotes =     "A neat book chapter about a method of both
                 interpolation and contouring of volume data. Chris
                 found this one in the library (QA447.646) and we will
                 eventually get around to talking more about it for
                 Bruno's work.",
}

@Article{RSM:Pet88,
  author =       "M.J. Peters and P.J.H. Elias",
  title =        "On the Magnetic Field and the Electrical Potential
                 Generated by the Bioelectric Sources in an Anisotropic
                 Volume Conductor",
  journal =      "Med. \& Biol. Eng. \& Comput.",
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "26",
  pages =        "617--623",
  robnote =      "A paper about solving volume conductor problems in
                 some ways I hadn't heard of. Reviews the basic material
                 well and puts a different perspective on things. The
                 big point is anisotropy and the results are not
                 promising, especially for electrical measurements. A
                 couple of good references and at least in part,
                 interesting reading., TorsoModel027",
}

@Article{RSM:Pet97,
  author =       "N.S. Peters and W.M. Jackman and R.J. Schilling and
                 D.W. Divies",
  title =        "Human Left Ventricular Endocardial Activation Mapping
                 using a Novel Noncontact Catheter",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "95",
  pages =        "1658--1660",
  month =        "Mar.",
  robnote =      "endocardial mapping, olive, activation mapping",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 13 13:42:05 1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Pey2010,
  author =       "J.M. Peyrat and H. Delingette and M. Sermesant and C. Xu
                 and N. Ayache",
  title =        "Registration of 4D cardiac CT sequences under trajectory
                 constraints with multichannel diffeomorphic demons.",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
  year =         "2010",
  month =        "Jul",
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1351--1368",
  robnote =      "We propose a framework for the nonlinear spatiotemporal
                 registration of 4D time-series of images based on the
                 Diffeomorphic Demons (DD) algorithm. In this framework,
                 the 4D spatiotemporal registration is decoupled into a 4D
                 temporal registration, defined as mapping physiological
                 states, and a 4D spatial registration, defined as mapping
                 trajectories of physical points. Our contribution focuses
                 more specifically on the 4D spatial registration that
                 should be consistent over time as opposed to 3D
                 registration that solely aims at mapping homologous points
                 at a given time-point. First, we estimate in each sequence
                 the motion displacement field, which is a dense
                 representation of the point trajectories we want to
                 register. Then, we perform simultaneously 3D registrations
                 of corresponding time-points with the constraints to map
                 the same physical points over time called the trajectory
                 constraints. Under these constraints, we show that the 4D
                 spatial registration can be formulated as a multichannel
                 registration of 3D images. To solve it, we propose a novel
                 version of the Diffeomorphic Demons (DD) algorithm
                 extended to vector-valued 3D images, the Multichannel
                 Diffeomorphic Demons (MDD). For evaluation, this framework
                 is applied to the registration of 4D cardiac computed
                 tomography (CT) sequences and compared to other standard
                 methods with real patient data and synthetic data
                 simulated from a physiologically realistic
                 electromechanical cardiac model. Results show that the
                 trajectory constraints act as a temporal regularization
                 consistent with motion whereas the multichannel
                 registration acts as a spatial regularization. Finally,
                 using these trajectory constraints with multichannel
                 registration yields the best compromise between
                 registration accuracy, temporal and spatial smoothness,
                 and computation times. A prospective example of
                 application is also presented with the spatiotemporal
                 registration of 4D cardiac CT sequences of the same
                 patient before and after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in
                 case of atrial fibrillation (AF). The intersequence
                 spatial transformations over a cardiac cycle allow to
                 analyze and quantify the regression of left ventricular
                 hypertrophy and its impact on the cardiac function.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 4 15:51:50 2011",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pfe2005,
  author =       "B. Pfeifer and F. Hanser and C. Hinterm{\"u}ller adn
                 R. Modre-Osprian and G. Fischer and M. Seger and H.
                 M{\"u}hlthaler and T. Trieb T and B. Tilg",
  title =        "Cardiac modeling using active appearance models and
                 morphological operators. Medical Imaging:
                 Visualization, Image-Guided Procedures, and Display.",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the SPIE",
  year =         "2005",
  robnote =      "Dana has this one",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 09 20:54:50 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Pfe2006,
  author =       "B. Pfeifer and G. Fischer and F. Hanser and M. Seger
                 and C. Hintermuller and R. Modre-Osprian and T. Trieb
                 and B. Tilg",
  title =        "Atrial and ventricular myocardium extraction using
                 model-based techniques.",
  journal =      "Methods Inf Med",
  year =         "2006",
  volume =       "45",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--26",
  robnote =      "This paper presents an efficient approach for
                 extracting myocardial structures from given atrial and
                 ventricular blood masses to enable non-invasive
                 estimation of electrical excitation in human atria and
                 ventricles. Based on given segmented atrial and
                 ventricular blood masses, the approach constructs the
                 myocardial structure directly, in the case that the
                 myocardium can be detected in the volume data, or by
                 using mean model information, in the case that the
                 myocardium cannot be seen in the volume data due to
                 image modalities or artefacts. The approach was tested
                 using eight patient data sets. The reconstruction
                 process yielded satisfying results with respect to an
                 efficient generation of a volume conductor model which
                 is essential when trying to implement the estimation of
                 electrical excitation in clinical application.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 9 21:00:41 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Pfl90,
  author =       "P.W. Pflugfelder",
  title =        "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cardiovascular
                 System: {P}otential Applications",
  journal =      "Medicine North America",
  year =         "1990",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "410--418",
  robnote =      "NMR, MRI and its use in cardiology, Cardiol013",
}

@Article{RSM:Phi62,
  author =       "D.L. Phillips",
  title =        "A technique for the numerical solution of certain
                 integral equations of the first kind",
  journal =      j-ACM,
  year =         "1962",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "84--97",
  robnote =      "The original paper that Twomey refers to in Two63 and
                 one of the first refs I have seen to regularization
                 approaches, although not under that name. inverse
                 problems",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 18 17:34:17 1999",
}

@Article{RSM:Phi67,
  author =       "G.M. Phillips",
  title =        "Numerical integration in two and three dimensions",
  journal =      j-CJ,
  year =         "1967",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "202--204",
  robnote =      "This looks like the original source of the Gauss
                 quadrature method and derives the formulae for 2 and 3
                 dimensions. numerical mathematics.",
}

@Article{RSM:Phi84,
  author =       "J.H. Philip and M.C. Long and M.D. Quinn and R.S.
                 Newbower",
  title =        "Continuous Termal Measurement of Cardiac Output",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "31",
  pages =        "393--400",
  robnote =      "thermal dilution technique for measuring cardiac
                 output, catheter, Cardiol003",
}

@Article{RSM:Phi97,
  author =       "J.W. Phillips and R.M. Leahy and J.C. Mosher",
  title =        "{MEG}-based imaging of focal neuronal current
                 sources.",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
  year =         "1997",
  month =        jun,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "338--348",
  robnote =      "We describe a new approach to imaging neural current
                 sources from measurements of the magnetoencephalogram
                 (MEG) associated with sensory, motor, or cognitive
                 brain activation. Many previous approaches to this
                 problem have concentrated on the use of weighted
                 minimum norm (WMN) inverse methods. While these methods
                 ensure a unique solution, they do not introduce
                 information specific to the MEG inverse problem, often
                 producing overly smoothed solutions and exhibiting
                 severe sensitivity to noise. We describe a Bayesian
                 formulation of the inverse problem in which a Gibbs
                 prior is constructed to reflect the sparse focal nature
                 of neural current sources associated with evoked
                 response data. We demonstrate the method with simulated
                 and experimental phantom data, comparing its
                 performance with several WMN methods.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 23 10:02:52 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Pie2000,
  author =       "G.L. Pierpont and S.S. Chugh and J.A. Hauck and C.C.
                 Gornick",
  title =        "Endocardial activation during ventricular fibrillation
                 in normal and failing canine hearts.",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "2000",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "279",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "H1737--H1747",
  robnote =      "Because congestive heart failure (CHF) promotes
                 ventricular fibrillation (VF), we compared VF in seven
                 dogs with CHF induced by combined myocardial infarction
                 and rapid ventricular pacing to VF in six normal dogs.
                 A noncontact, multielectrode array balloon catheter
                 provided full-surface real-time left ventricular (LV)
                 endocardial electrograms and a dynamic color-coded
                 display of endocardial activation projected onto a
                 three-dimensional model of the LV.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Mar 12 13:30:51 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Pie2006,
  Author =	 "S. Pieper and B. Lorensen and W. Schroeder and
                  R. Kikinis",
  Title =	 "The {NA-MIC} Kit: {ITK}, {VTK}, {P}ipelines,
                  {G}rids and {3D}
                  {S}licer as an open platform for the medical image computing
                  community",
  Year =	 2006,
  Month =	 4,
  Abstract =	 "Medical Image Computing researchers often face the problem of
                  moving promising new algorithms from the proof of concept
                  stage into a form compatible with clinical use. Algorithm
                  developers lack the time and resources to engineer their code
                  for robustness and compatibility, while end-users are anxious
                  to try new techniques but require well designed and tested
                  user interfaces to make practical use of them. The NA-MIC Kit
                  is a collection of software and methodology specifically
                  designed to address these problems and facilitate the rapid
                  advancement of the field.",
  journal =	 "Proc IEEE Intl Symp on Biomedical Imaging",
  Keywords =	 "ITK, VTK, 3D Slicer, Grids, Pipelines",
}

@Article{RSM:Pie91,
  author =       "C.F. Pieper and D. Parsons and G.M. Lawrie and J. Lacy
                 and R. Roberts and A. Pacifico",
  title =        "Design and implementation of a new computerized system
                 for intraoperative cardiac mapping.",
  journal =      "J Appl Physiol",
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1529--39",
  robnote =      "Nice description of a mapping system for cardiac
                 mapping. Use a new electrode material that seems very
                 flexible and can be incorporated into all sorts of
                 configurations.",
}

@Article{RSM:Pie93,
  author =       "C.F. Pieper and A. Pacifico",
  title =        "The epicardial field potential in dog: {I}mplications
                 for recording site density during epicardial mapping",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "16",
  pages =        "1263--1274",
  month =        jun,
  robnote =      "A paper which describes an analysis of electrode
                 spacing for epicardial and endocardial mapping, based
                 on spatial frequency analysis and power spectrum
                 reconstruction. They conclude that a spacing of only
                 2.3 to 3.5~mm is required.cardiac mapping, resolution,
                 sampling, nyquist",
}

@Article{RSM:Pie93a,
  author =       "C. Pieper and R. Blue and A. Pacifico",
  title =        "Simultaneously Collected Monopolar and Discrete
                 Bipolar Electrograms: Comparison of Activation Time
                 Detection Algorithms.",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "16, Part I",
  pages =        "426--433",
  robnote =      "Unipolar vs bipolar, comparison of both methods",
}

@Article{RSM:Pie95,
  author =       "C.F. Pieper and A. Pacifico",
  title =        "Improved spatial resolution for cardiac mapping using
                 current source density-based electrode arrays.",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1 Pt 1",
  pages =        "34--44",
  robnote =      "CSD electrodes are used to measure second order
                 spatial gradients, which are proportional to current
                 density, so we have Laplacian electrodes. The advantage
                 here is improved detection of activation times on the
                 cardiac surface",
}

@Article{RSM:Pie96,
  author =       "C. Pierpaoli and P. J. Basser",
  title =        "Toward a quantitative assessment of diffusion
                 anisotropy",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Med",
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "893--906",
  abstract =     "Indices of diffusion anisotropy calculated from
                 diffusion coefficients acquired in two or three
                 perpendicular directions are rotationally variant. In
                 living monkey brain, these indices severely
                 underestimate the degree of diffusion anisotropy. New
                 indices calculated from the entire diffusion tensor are
                 rotationally invariant (RI). They show that anisotropy
                 is highly variable in different white matter regions
                 depending on the degree of coherence of fiber tract
                 directions. In structures with a regular, parallel
                 fiber arrangement, water diffusivity in the direction
                 parallel to the fibers (Dparallel approximately
                 1400-1800 x 10(-6) mm2/s) is almost 10 times higher
                 than the average diffusivity in directions
                 perpendicular to them (D + D)/2 [corrected]
                 approximately 150-300 x 10(-6) mm2/s), and is almost
                 three times higher than previously reported. In
                 structures where the fiber pattern is less coherent
                 (e.g., where fiber bundles merge), diffusion anisotropy
                 is significantly reduced. However, RI anisotropy
                 indices are still susceptible to noise contamination.
                 Monte Carlo simulations show that these indices are
                 statistically biased, particularly those requiring
                 sorting of the eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor
                 based on their magnitude. A new intervoxel anisotropy
                 index is proposed that locally averages inner products
                 between diffusion tensors in neighboring voxels. This
                 lattice RI index has an acceptably low error variance
                 and is less susceptible to bias than any other RI
                 anisotropy index proposed to date.",
  keywords =     "Animals Anisotropy Brain/anatomy &
                 histology/*physiology Diffusion Haplorhini Magnetic
                 Resonance Imaging/*methods Monte Carlo Method
                 Water/*metabolism",
  year =         "1996",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pil2011,
  author = 	 "T.A. Pilcher and J.D. Tate and J.S. Stinstra and E.V. Saarel
                  and A.E. Poursaid and M.D. Puchalski and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Effect of spinal fixation rods and abandoned epicardial
                  patches on defibrillation thresholds predicted from
                  computational simulation",
  booktitle = c-HRS,
  pages = 	 "S326",
  year = 	 2011,
  volume = 	 "8(5)",
  Robnote = 	 "Tom Pilcher HRS poster."
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pil2013,
  author =       "T.A. Pilcher and J.D. Tate and E.V. Saarel and
                 M.D. Puchalski and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Effect of Left Ventricular Assist Devices on
                 Defibrillation Thresholds: a Computational Simulation",
  booktitle =    c-AHA,
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2013",
  location =     "Dallas, TX",
  mynote =       "Poster Presentation the AHA Scientific Sessions 2013",
}

@Article{RSM:Pil85,
  author =       "T.C. Pilkington and M.N. Morrow and P.C. Stanley",
  title =        "A Comparison of Finite Element and Integral Equation
                 Formulations for the Calculation of
                 Electrocardiographic Potentials",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "32",
  pages =        "166--173",
  robnote =      "See the follow-up to this one (ECG 5) thesis, ECG006",
}

@Article{RSM:Pil87,
  author =       "T.C. Pilkington and M.N. Morrow and P.C. Stanley",
  title =        "A Comparison of Finite Element and Integral Equation
                 Formulations for the Calculation of
                 Electrocardiographic Potentials - {II}",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "258--260",
  robnote =      "A paper discussing the two different methods of
                 calculating the forward solutions. They decide that
                 both are equally accurate as long as the improvements
                 suggested for triangle division are carried out.
                 thesis, ECG005",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Pil87b,
  author =       "W.D. Pilkey",
  title =        "Solution Methods",
  booktitle =    "Finite element handbook",
  editor =       "H. Kardestuncer and D.H. Norrie",
  publisher =    "pub-MH",
  chapter =      "1",
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "4.3--4.23",
  robnote =      "Describes some numerical methods of solving the linear
                 systems that results from the finite element method",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pil96,
  author =       "M. Pilu and A. W. Fitzgerald and Fisher R. B.",
  title =        "Ellipse-Specific Direct Least-Square Fitting",
  pages =        "",
  booktitle =    c-ICIP,
  year =         "1996",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  scinote =      "Ellipse specific fitting- paper 2. ROK-thesis",
}

@Book{RSM:Pim79,
  author =       "R.A. Pimentel",
  title =        "Morphometrics: The multivariate analysis of biological
                 data",
  publisher =    "Kendall/Hunt",
  year =         "1979",
  robnote =      "U of Utah QH 323.5 P49",
}

@Article{RSM:Pla2000,
  author =       "G. Plank and E. Hofer",
  title =        "Model study of vector-loop morphology during
                 electrical mapping of microscopic conduction in cardiac
                 tissue",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "2000",
  volume =       "28",
  pages =        "1244--1252",
  robnote =      "Ernst and Gernot's paper on the near field, small
                 scale cardiac mapping",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 07 11:55:09 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Pla2008,
  author = 	 "G. Plank and L.  Zhou and J.L. Greenstein and
		  S. Cortassa and R.L. Winslow and B. O’Rourke and
		  N.A. Trayanova",
  title = 	 "From mitochondrial ion channels to arrhythmias in the
		  heart: computational techniques to bridge the
		  spatio-temporal scales",
  journal = 	 "Phil. Trans. Royal Soc.",
  year = 	 "2008",
  volume =	 "366",
  pages =	 "3381--3409",
  robnote = 	 "large mesh generation",
  bibdate = 	 "Fri Sep 11 15:02:00 2009"
}

@Article{RSM:Pla2011,
  author = 	 "P.G. Platonov and L.B. Mitrofanova and V. Orshanskaya and S.Y. Ho",
  title = 	 "Structural abnormalities in atrial walls are associated with
                  presence and persistency of atrial fibrillation but not with
                  age",
  journal = 	 j-ACC,
  year = 	 2011,
  volume = 	 58,
  pages = 	 "2225--2232",
  Robnote = 	 "AF, Luducq"
}

@Article{RSM:Pla2012,
  author =       "G. Plank and A. Neic and M. Liebmann and E. Hoetzl and L.
                 Mitchell and E. Vigmond and G. Haase",
  title =        "Accelerating cardiac bidomain simulations using Graphics
                 Processing Units.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2012",
  month =        "Jun",
  pages =        "69--69",
  robnote =      "Anatomically realistic and biophysically detailed
                 multiscale computer models of the heart are playing an
                 increasingly important role in advancing our understanding
                 of integrated cardiac function in health and disease. Such
                 detailed simulations, however, are computationally vastly
                 demanding, which is a limiting factor for a wider adoption
                 of in-silico modeling. While current trends in high
                 performance computing (HPC) hardware promise to alleviate
                 this problem, exploiting the potential of such
                 architectures remains challenging since strongly scalable
                 algorithms are necessitated to reduce execution times.
                 Alternatively, acceleration technologies such as graphics
                 processing units (GPUs) are being considered. While the
                 potential of GPUs has been demonstrated in various
                 applications, benefits in the context of bidomain
                 simulations where large sparse linear systems have to be
                 solved in parallel with advanced numerical techniques, are
                 less clear. In this study, the feasibility of multi- GPU
                 bidomain simulations is demonstrated by running strong
                 scalability benchmarks using a state-of-the-art model of
                 rabbit ventricles. The model is spatially discretized
                 using the finite element methods (FEM) on fully
                 unstructured grids. The GPU code is directly derived from
                 a large pre-existing code, the Cardiac Arrhythmia Research
                 Package (CARP), with very minor perturbation of the code
                 base. Overall, bidomain simulations were sped up by a
                 factor of 11.8 to 16.3 in benchmarks running on 620 GPUs
                 compared to the same number of CPU cores. To match the
                 fastest GPU simulation which engaged 20 GPUs, 476 CPU
                 cores were required on a national supercomputing facility.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jun 17 07:29:53 2012",
}

@Article{RSM:Pla84,
  author =       "R. Plamondon and S. Gagne and D.J.M. Poussart",
  title =        "Power Spectrum Density Analysis of Electrical Noise in
                 Glass Microelectrodes",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "31",
  pages =        "428--434",
  robnote =      "glass microelectrodes, noise analysis, spectrum
                 analysis, CellPhysiol033",
}

@Article{RSM:Pla87,
  author =       "M. Plaehn",
  title =        "{PHIGS}: {P}rogrammer's hierarchical interactive
                 graphics standard",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1987",
  pages =        "275--286",
  month =        nov,
  robnote =      "Some historical (I hope) background on the PHIGS
                 graphics system.",
}

@Article{RSM:Pla96,
  author =       "S.B. Platt and J.M. Vijgen and P. Albrecht and HareVan
                 and M.D. Carlson and D.S. Rosenbaum",
  title =        "Occult {T} wave alternans in long {QT} syndrome.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "144--8",
  robnote =      "To determine if occult and visually undetectable forms
                 of T wave alternans are also present in LQTS, we
                 measured T wave alternans from a 16-year-old girl with
                 LQTS during exercise using spectral analysis methods
                 and a recording system designed to minimize
                 exercise-related noise.",
}

@Book{RSM:Plo69,
  author =       "R. Plonsey",
  title =        "Bioelectric Phenomena",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "McGraw-Hill",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1969",
  robnote =      "An excellent book which gives the basic physics behind
                 a lot of the calculations of potential from any sort of
                 excitable cells. ECG is covered but so are calculations
                 from single cells, nerve axons and all sorts of other
                 good stuff. The thesis contains a lot of the thoughts
                 from here if only in what came from this work.,
                 ECG057",
}

@Article{RSM:Plo72,
  author =       "R. Plonsey",
  title =        "Comparative Capabilities of Electrocardiography and
                 Magnetocardiography",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1972",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "735--736",
  robnote =      "Plonsey's early opinion of the ECG/MCG question, which
                 was better for what, at least in theory., ECG031",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Plo76,
  author =       "R. Plonsey",
  title =        "Laws Governing Current Flow in the Volume Conductor",
  booktitle =    "The Theoretical Basis of Electrocardiology",
  editor =       "C.V. Nelson and D.B. Geselowitz",
  publisher =    "Claredon Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1976",
  pages =        "165--174",
  robnote =      ", TorsoModel034",
}

@Article{RSM:Plo79,
  author =       "R. Plonsey",
  title =        "A Contemporary View of the Ventricular Gradient of
                 {W}ilson",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "12",
  pages =        "337--341",
  robnote =      "Another look at the concept in described in the
                 article by Burger and Wilson before him. read it. QRST
                 thesis, ECG081",
}

@Article{RSM:Plo86,
  author =       "R. Plonsey and R.C. Barr",
  title =        "A critique of impedance measurements in cardiac
                 tissue",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "307--322",
  robnote =      "An excellent little paper on impedance measurements,
                 make sure to check it out if we start to do this
                 ourselves. inverse problem, conductivity,
                 inhomogeneity.",
}

@Article{RSM:Plo87,
  author =       "R. Plonsey and R.C. Barr",
  title =        "Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Activity of the
                 Heart",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "20",
  month =        "Jul.",
  pages =        "219--226",
  robnote =      "A review of propagation models of the heart.,
                 Prop045",
}

@Book{RSM:Plo88,
  author =       "R. Plonsey and R.C. Barr",
  title =        "Bioelectricity: {A} Quantitative Approach",
  publisher =    "Plenum Publishing",
  year =         "1988",
  address =      "New York, USA; London, UK",
}

@Article{RSM:Plo91,
  author =       "R. Plonsey and A. van Oosterom",
  title =        "Implications of macroscopic source strength on cardiac
                 cellular activation models",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  month =         "Apr.",
  pages =        "99--112",
  robnote =      "a paper on sources and fields they create.
                 propagation, forward solutions, cardiac
                 electrophysiology",
}

@Book{RSM:Plo98,
  author =       "R. Plonsey and R.C. Barr",
  title =        "Bioelectricity: {A} Quantitative Approach, second
                 edition",
  publisher =    "Plenum Publishing",
  year =         "1998??",
  address =      "New York, London",
}

@Article{RSM:Poc72,
  author =       "S.N. Pocock",
  title =        "Earth-Free Patient Monitoring",
  journal =      "Biomed. Eng.",
  year =         "1972",
  month =        jan,
  pages =        "67--70",
  robnote =      "A nice two-part article on the use of ground-free
                 instrumentation in the hospital environment. Describes
                 principles, practices and hazards and design and
                 specification of the systems. thesis, Electronics018",
}

@Article{RSM:Pog87,
  author =       "S.M. Pogwizd and P.B. Corr",
  title =        "Reentrant and nonreentrant mechanisms contribute to
                 arrhythmogenesis during early myocardial ischemia:
                 {R}esults using three-dimensional mapping",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "61",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "352--371",
  robnote =      "The authors say: the result of the present study
                 demonstrate for the first time that the initiation, as
                 well as the maintenance of VT during early myocardial
                 ischemia can be mediated by intramural reentry. So the
                 messages include a) that reentry can occur deep in the
                 myocardium and ths be invisible from the epicardium, b)
                 we need three-dimensional mapping to capture this level
                 of detail, and c) that both reentry and ectopic activty
                 are visible, in the same arrhythmia, even in the same
                 beat! cardiac mapping. Really nice paper.",
}

@Article{RSM:Pog92,
  author =       "S.M. Pogwizd and R.H. Hoyt and J.E. Saffitz and P.B.
                 Corr and J.L. Cox and M.E. Cain",
  title =        "Reentrant and focal mechanisms underlying ventricular
                 tachycardia in the human heart",
  key =          "three-dimensional mapping, reentry, ventricular
                 tachycardia",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "86",
  pages =        "1872--1887",
}

@Article{RSM:Pog94,
  author =       "Pogwizd S. M.",
  title =        "Focal mechanisms underlying ventricular tachycardia
                 during prolonged ischemic cardiomyopathy",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "90",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1441--1458",
  annote =       "focal arrythmias",
}

@Article{RSM:Pog97,
  author =       "S.M. Pogwizd and M. Chung and M.E. Cain",
  title =        "Termination of Ventricular Tachycardia in the human
                 heart: Insights from three-dimensional mapping of
                 nonsustained and sustained ventricular tachycardias",
  key =          "three-dimensional mapping, reentry, ventricular
                 tachycardia",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "95",
  pages =        "2528--2540",
  annote =       "the companion paper of QN:Chu97",
}

@Article{RSM:Pol2010,
  author =       "A.E. Pollard and R.C. Barr",
  title =        "A biophysical model for cardiac microimpedance
                 measurements.",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "2010",
  month =        "Jun",
  volume =       "298",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "H1699--H1709",
  robnote =      "Alterations to cell-to-cell electrical conductance and to
                 the structural arrangement of the collagen network in
                 cardiac tissue are recognized contributors to arrhythmia
                 development, yet no present method allows direct in vivo
                 measurements of these conductances at their true
                 microscopic scale. The present report documents such a
                 plan, which involves interstitial multisite stimulation at
                 a subcellular to cellular size scale, and verifies the
                 performance of the method through biophysical modeling.
                 Although elements of the plan have been analyzed
                 previously, their performance as a whole is considered
                 here in a comprehensive way. Our analyses take advantage
                 of a three-dimensional structural framework in which
                 interstitial, intracellular, and membrane components are
                 coupled to one another on the fine size scale, and
                 electrodes are separated from one another as in arrays we
                 fabricate routinely. With this arrangement, determination
                 of passive tissue resistances can be made from
                 measurements taken on top of the currents flowing in
                 active tissue. In particular, our results show that
                 measurements taken at multiple frequencies and electrode
                 separations provide powerful predictions of the underlying
                 tissue resistances in all geometric dimensions. Because of
                 the small electrode size, separation of interstitial from
                 intracellular compartment contributions is readily
                 achieved.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 30 08:24:57 2010",
  pmcid =        "2011/06/01 PHST- 2010/04/02 [aheadofprint]",
}

@Article{RSM:Pol2016,
  author =       "I.A. Polejaeva and R. Ranjan and C.J. Davies and M.
                 Regouski and J. Hall and A.L. Olsen and Q. Meng and H.M.
                 Rutigliano and D.J. Dosdall and N.A. Angel and F.B. Sachse
                 and T. Seidel and A.J. Thomas and R. Stott and K.E. Panter
                 and P.M. Lee and A.J. Van Wettere and J.R. Stevens and Z.
                 Wang and R.S. MacLeod and N.F. Marrouche and K.L. White",
  title =        "Increased Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation Secondary
                 to Atrial Fibrosis in Transgenic Goats Expressing
                 Transforming Growth Factor-beta1.",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  volume =       "27",
  year =         "2016",
  month =        "Oct",
  pages =        "1220-1229",
  robnote =      "INTRODUCTION: Large animal models of progressive atrial
                 fibrosis would provide an attractive platform to study
                 relationship between structural and electrical remodeling
                 in atrial fibrillation (AF). Here we established a new
                 transgenic goat model of AF with cardiac specific
                 overexpression of TGF-beta1 and investigated the changes
                 in the cardiac structure and function leading to AF.
                 METHODS AND RESULTS: Transgenic goats with cardiac
                 specific overexpression of constitutively active TGF-beta1
                 were generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer. We
                 examined myocardial tissue, ECGs, echocardiographic data,
                 and AF susceptibility in transgenic and wild-type control
                 goats. Transgenic goats exhibited significant increase in
                 fibrosis and myocyte diameters in the atria compared to
                 controls, but not in the ventricles. P-wave duration was
                 significantly greater in transgenic animals starting at 12
                 months of age, but no significant chamber enlargement was
                 detected, suggesting conduction slowing in the atria.
                 Furthermore, this transgenic goat model exhibited a
                 significant increase in AF vulnerability. Six of 8
                 transgenic goats (75\%) were susceptible to AF induction
                 and exhibited sustained AF (>2 minutes), whereas none of 6
                 controls displayed sustained AF (P < 0.01). Length of
                 induced AF episodes was also significantly greater in the
                 transgenic group compared to controls (687 +/- 212.02
                 seconds vs. 2.50 +/- 0.88 seconds, P < 0.0001), but no
                 persistent or permanent AF was observed. CONCLUSION: A
                 novel transgenic goat model with a substrate for AF was
                 generated. In this model, cardiac overexpression of
                 TGF-beta1 led to an increase in fibrosis and myocyte size
                 in the atria, and to progressive P-wave prolongation. We
                 suggest that these factors underlie increased AF
                 susceptibility.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 22 22:47:13 2016",
}

@Article{RSM:Pol82,
  author =       "M.J. Polson and A.T. Barker and I.L. Freeston",
  title =        "Stimulation of nerve trunks with time-varying magnetic
                 fields.",
  journal =      j-MBEC,
  year =         "1982",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "243--244",
  robnote =       "First successful TMS for nerves, brain to follow in 1985.",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 23 12:07:55 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Pol90,
  author =       "A. Pollard and R.C. Barr",
  title =        "The construction of an anatomically based model of the
                 human ventricular conduction system",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "37",
  month =        dec,
  pages =        "1173--1185",
  robnote =      "",
}

@Article{RSM:Pol91,
  author =       "B. Politzer",
  title =        "Counterattack! Winning ways to protect your heart",
  journal =      "American Health",
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "39--45",
  month =        dec,
  robnote =      "Popular medicine article on heart care",
}

@Article{RSM:Pol91b,
  author =       "A. Pollard and R.C. Barr",
  title =        "Computer Simulations in an anatomically based model of
                 the human ventricular conduction system.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "38",
  pages =        "982",
  robnote =      "",
}

@Article{RSM:Pol93,
  author =       "A.E. Pollard and M.J. Burgess and K.W. Spitzer",
  title =        "Computer simulations of three-dimensional propagation
                 in ventricular myocardium. {E}ffects of intramural
                 fiber rotation and inhomogeneous conductivity on
                 epicardial activation",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "72",
  number =       "4",
  robote =       "Andy's paper using monondomain approximation of
                 propagation and insulated boundary conditions to
                 simulate pulmonary conus preparation with rotating
                 anisotropy",
  pages =        "744--756",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Pon2009,
  author = 	 "G. Pons Moll and G. Crosas Cano and G. Tadmor
		  and R.S. MacLeod and B. Rosenhahn and D.H. Brooks",
  title = 	 " Parametric Modeling of the Beating Heart with
		  Respiratory Motion Extracted from MR Images",
  booktitle = 	 "Computers in Cardiology",
  year = 	 "2009",
  pages =	 "(in press)",
  publisher =	 "IEEE Press",
  robnote = 	 "afib, heart motion simulation",
  bibdate = 	 "Mon Sep 07 01:58:48 2009"
}

@Article{RSM:Pon88,
  author =       "J. Ponsonnaille and B. Citron and A. Richard and J.F.
                 Trolese and A. Chaperon and B. Barret and H. Gras",
  title =        "{E}tude electrophysiologique des effets
                 pro-arythmogenes de l'erythromycine.
                 [{E}lectrophysiological study of pro-arrhythmogenic
                 effects of erythromycin].",
  journal =      "Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss",
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1001--8",
  robnote =      "Twenty-two patients undergoing electrophysiological
                 studies in the catheter laboratory to determine the
                 cause of syncope were given an intravenous injection of
                 10 mg/Kg of erythromycin lactobionate. The drug was
                 injected in 1 minute (bolus) in 11 patients (Group A).
                 The other 11 patients (Group B) received the drug by
                 slow intravenous infusion (20 minutes).A significant
                 prolongation of the atrial refractory periods (+39 ms),
                 ventricular refractory periods (+20 ms), QT (+20 ms)
                 and QTC intervals (+42 ms) was observed in Group A.
                 LQTS. No hard copy",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Poo86,
  author =       "P.A. Poole-Wilson and S.C. Webb",
  title =        "Role of Potassium in the Genesis of Arrhythmias During
                 Ischemia. {E}vidence from Coronary Angioplasty.",
  booktitle =    "Coronary Angioplasty: {A} Controlled Model for
                 Ischemia",
  editor =       "P.W. Serruys and G.T. Meester",
  publisher =    "Martinus Nijhoff Publishers",
  address =      "Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster",
  year =         "1986",
  pages =        "95--100",
  robnote =      "thesis, PTCA051",
}

@Article{RSM:Pos2002,
  author =       "H. Post and G. Heusch",
  title =        "Ischemic preconditioning. Experimental facts and
                 clinical perspective",
  journal =      "Minerva Cardioangiol.",
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "569--605",
}

@Article{RSM:Pos2005,
  author =       "V. Positano and A. Pingitore and A. Giorgetti and B.
                 Favilli and M. F. Santarelli and L. Landini and P.
                 Marzullo and M. Lombardi",
  title =        "A fast and effective method to assess myocardial
                 necrosis by means of contrast magnetic resonance
                 imaging",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Magn Reson",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "487--94",
  year =         "2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Pot2006,
  author =       "M. Potse and B. Dube and J. Richer and A. Vinet and
                 R.M. Gulrajani",
  title =        "A Comparison of monodomain and bidomain
                 reaction-diffusion models for action potential
                 propagation in the human heart.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2006",
  volume =       "53",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "2425--2435",
  robnote =      "New article I have not see yet",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 20 08:28:20 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Pou87,
  author =       "D. Pountain",
  title =        "Distinctive Coloring",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1987",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "311--314",
  robnote =      "A neat article on color considerations for different
                 programs, authors suggests a way to deterimine which
                 color combinations for a video screen are suitable.,
                 CompSoft049",
}

@Article{RSM:Pou87b,
  author =       "D. Pountain",
  title =        "Search and Destroy",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1987",
  month =        aug,
  pages =        "257--260",
  robnote =      "A description of how one would write software to
                 optimally sort and weed out common words from a
                 dictionary file. A software application., CompSoft091",
}

@Article{RSM:Pou87c,
  author =       "D. Pountain",
  title =        "Sorting Out the Sorts",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1987",
  month =        jul,
  pages =        "275--280",
  robnote =      "A primitive method indexes a book faster than more
                 sophisticated algorithms. An algorithm which came out
                 of some practical problems which Dick Pountain had
                 sorting an index out for a book. Program.,
                 CompSoft079",
}

@Article{RSM:Pou87d,
  author =       "D. Pountain",
  title =        "Vector to Raster Algorithms",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1987",
  month =        sep,
  pages =        "177--184",
  robnote =      "Disguising the more intuitive vector information as
                 raster data. This article desribes algorithms for
                 converting vector data to raster for use in page
                 printers, or screen displays. Instructional and very
                 good, for voltage sensitive dye results as well.,
                 CompHard074",
}

@Article{RSM:Pou89,
  author =       "D. Pountain",
  title =        "The {X}-Window System",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        jan,
  pages =        "353--360",
  robnote =      "A description of X-Windows and how it works. graphics
                 interface, UNIX, CompSoft144",
}

@Article{RSM:Pow08,
  author =       "T. Powell and D.A. Terrar and V.W. Twist",
  title =        "Electrical Properties of Individual Cells Isolated
                 from Adult Rat Ventricular Myocardium",
  journal =      j-JP,
  year =         "1908",
  volume =       "302",
  pages =        "131--153",
  robnote =      "What appears to be a really fundamental paper about
                 preparing and characterizing the single cardiac
                 myocytes using collagenase techniques. These are the
                 cells which are preferred for patch clamp and single
                 cell voltage clamp and this article seems to be one of
                 the first to document the method., CellPhysiol079",
}

@Article{RSM:Pow85,
  author =       "T. Powell",
  title =        "Electrophysiological Properties of Isolated Ventrical
                 Myocytes",
  journal =      "Basic Res. Cardiol.",
  year =         "1985",
  volume =       "80",
  pages =        "87--92",
  robnote =      "electrophysiology of isolated ventricular myocytes,
                 electrical characteristics, voltage clamp, ionic
                 currents, CellPhysiol058",
}

@Article{RSM:Pow86,
  author =       "R. Powell",
  title =        "The Challenge of Music Software",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        jun,
  pages =        "145--150",
  robnote =      "An overview of the current state of computers in
                 music., CompSoft013",
}

@Article{RSM:Pra2009,
  author = 	 "A.J. Prassl and F. Kickinger and H. Ahammer and V. Grau and
		  J.E. Schneider and E. Hofer and E.J. Vigmond and
		  N.A. Trayanova and G. Plank",
  title = 	 "Automatically Generated, Anatomically Accurate Meshes
		  for Cardiac Electrophysiology Problems",
  journal = 	 j-BME,
  year = 	 "2009",
  volume =	 "56",
  number =	 "5",
  pages =	 "1318--1330",
  robnote = 	 "large mesh generation",
  bibdate = 	 "Fri Sep 11 14:52:03 2009"
}

@Article{RSM:Pra2011,
  author =       "A. Prakosa and M. Sermesant and H. Delingette and E.
                 Saloux and P. Allain and P. Cathier and P. Etyngier and N.
                 Villain and N. Ayache",
  title =        "Synthetic echocardiographic image sequences for cardiac
                 inverse electro-kinematic learning.",
  journal =      "Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv",
  year =         "2011",
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "Pt 1",
  pages =        "500--507",
  robnote =      "In this paper, we propose to create a rich database of
                 synthetic time series of 3D echocardiography (US) images
                 using simulations of a cardiac electromechanical model, in
                 order to study the relationship between electrical
                 disorders and kinematic patterns visible in medical
                 images. From a real 4D sequence, a software pipeline is
                 applied to create several synthetic sequences by combining
                 various steps including motion tracking and segmentation.
                 We use here this synthetic database to train a machine
                 learning algorithm which estimates the depolarization
                 times of each cardiac segment from invariant kinematic
                 descriptors such as local displacements or strains. First
                 experiments on the inverse electrokinematic learning are
                 demonstrated on the synthetic 3D US database and are
                 evaluated on clinical 3D US sequences from two patients
                 with Left Bundle Branch Block. INRIA",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 4 15:51:50 2011",
}

@Article{RSM:Pra2014,
  author =       "A. Prakosa and P. Malamas and S. Zhang and F.
                 Pashakhanloo and H. Arevalo and D.A. Herzka and A. Lardo
                 and H. Halperin and E. McVeigh and N. Trayanova and F.
                 Vadakkumpadan",
  title =        "Methodology for image-based reconstruction of ventricular
                 geometry for patient-specific modeling of cardiac
                 electrophysiology.",
  journal =      "Prog Biophys Mol Biol",
  year =         "2014",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "115",
  number =       "2-3",
  pages =        "226--234",
  robnote =      "Patient-specific modeling of ventricular
                 electrophysiology requires an interpolated reconstruction
                 of the 3-dimensional (3D) geometry of the patient
                 ventricles from the low-resolution (Lo-res) clinical
                 images. The goal of this study was to implement a
                 processing pipeline for obtaining the interpolated
                 reconstruction, and thoroughly evaluate the efficacy of
                 this pipeline in comparison with alternative methods. The
                 pipeline implemented here involves contouring the epi- and
                 endocardial boundaries in Lo-res images, interpolating the
                 contours using the variational implicit functions method,
                 and merging the interpolation results to obtain the
                 ventricular reconstruction. Five alternative interpolation
                 methods, namely linear, cubic spline, spherical harmonics,
                 cylindrical harmonics, and shape-based interpolation were
                 implemented for comparison. Qualitative and
                 quantitative comparison of these ventricular geometry
                 reconstructions showed that the variational implicit
                 functions approach performed better than others.
                 Additionally, the outcomes of electrophysiological
                 simulations (sinus rhythm activation maps and pseudo-ECGs)
                 conducted using models based on the various
                 reconstructions were compared.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 1 09:03:48 2018",
  pmcid =        "PMC4253866",
}

@Article{RSM:Pra2019,
  author = 	 "A. Prakosa and H.J. Arevalo and D. Deng and P.M. Boyle and
                  P.P. Nikolov, H. Ashikaga and J.E. Blauer and E. Ghafoori and
                  C.J. Park and R.C. Blake III, F.T. Han and R.S. MacLeod and
                  H.R. Halperin and D.J. Callans and R. Ranjan, J. Chrispin and
                  S.  Nazarian and and N.A. Trayanova",
  title = 	 "Virtual-heart Technology for Guiding the Ablation of
                  Infarct-related Ventricular Tachycardia.",
  journal = 	 "Nature Biomed. Eng.",
  year = 	 2019,
  volume = 	 2,
  pages = 	 "732-–740",
  month = 	 "Oct",
  Robnote = 	 "VEPL project result",
  pmcid =        "In progress",
}

@Article{RSM:Pra9

license: MIT

license_type: permissive