text:
Title = {{Pesticide Residues and Bees - A Risk Assessment}},
Journal = {{PLOS ONE}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{9}},
Number = {{4}},
Month = {{APR 9}},
Abstract = {{Bees are essential pollinators of many plants in natural ecosystems and
   agricultural crops alike. In recent years the decline and disappearance
   of bee species in the wild and the collapse of honey bee colonies have
   concerned ecologists and apiculturalists, who search for causes and
   solutions to this problem. Whilst biological factors such as viral
   diseases, mite and parasite infections are undoubtedly involved, it is
   also evident that pesticides applied to agricultural crops have a
   negative impact on bees. Most risk assessments have focused on direct
   acute exposure of bees to agrochemicals from spray drift. However, the
   large number of pesticide residues found in pollen and honey demand a
   thorough evaluation of all residual compounds so as to identify those of
   highest risk to bees. Using data from recent residue surveys and
   toxicity of pesticides to honey and bumble bees, a comprehensive
   evaluation of risks under current exposure conditions is presented here.
   Standard risk assessments are complemented with new approaches that take
   into account time-cumulative effects over time, especially with dietary
   exposures. Whilst overall risks appear to be low, our analysis indicates
   that residues of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides pose the
   highest risk by contact exposure of bees with contaminated pollen.
   However, the synergism of ergosterol inhibiting fungicides with those
   two classes of insecticides results in much higher risks in spite of the
   low prevalence of their combined residues. Risks by ingestion of
   contaminated pollen and honey are of some concern for systemic
   insecticides, particularly imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos
   and the mixtures of cyhalothrin and ergosterol inhibiting fungicides.
   More attention should be paid to specific residue mixtures that may
   result in synergistic toxicity to bees.}},
Publisher = {{PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}},
Address = {{1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Sanchez-Bayo, F (Corresponding Author), Univ Sydney, Fac Agr \& Environm, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia.
   Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Univ Sydney, Fac Agr \& Environm, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia.
   Goka, Koichi, Natl Inst Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.}},
DOI = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0094482}},
Article-Number = {{e94482}},
ISSN = {{1932-6203}},
Keywords-Plus = {{HONEYBEES APIS-MELLIFERA; COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; NEONICOTINOID
   INSECTICIDES; HYMENOPTERA APIDAE; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; POLLINATOR
   DECLINES; CONTAMINATED POLLEN; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; BUMBLEBEES}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{sanchezbayo@mac.com}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{99}},
Times-Cited = {{319}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{499}},
Journal-ISO = {{PLoS One}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AE9PC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000334339000126}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000342875800008,
Author = {Tubbesing, Carmen and Strohm, Christopher and DeBano, Sandra J. and
   Gonzalez, Natalie and Kimoto, Chiho and Taylor, Robert V.},
Title = {{Insect Visitors and Pollination Ecology of Spalding's Catchfly (Silene
   spaldingii) in the Zumwalt Prairie of Northeastern Oregon}},
Journal = {{NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{34}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{200-211}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Silene spaldingii S. Watson (Spalding's catchfly) is a threatened
   wildflower that relies on insect-mediated pollination. However, its
   pollination ecology is not well understood, particularly in the Zumwalt
   Prairie of northeastern Oregon, which contains the largest known S.
   spaldingii population. Our objectives were to: (1) describe the
   principal insect visitors to S. spaldingii in the Zumwalt Prairie, (2)
   quantify the available pool of pollinators in the area, and (3)
   determine whether the visitation rate to individual plants is associated
   with the density of S. spaldingii at the patch scale, as predicted by
   the resource concentration hypothesis, and/or by the density and
   composition of non-S. spaldingii blooming plants, as predicted by the
   facilitation and competition hypotheses. We recorded insect visits to S.
   spaldingii during peak bloom at 30 patches and characterized the local
   bee community using blue vane traps. We quantified the patch-scale
   density of S. spaldingii and the composition and abundance of other
   blooming species at each patch. Two bumble bee species comprised all
   observed visits, although they constituted only 20\% of the total bees
   sampled on the prairie. Bumble bees showed a high degree of host
   fidelity even when other blooming plants were present. Per capita
   visitation rates increased with catchfly density and blooming plant
   abundance at the patch scale, supporting the resource concentration and
   facilitation hypotheses. Silene spaldingii in the Zumwalt Prairie
   appears to rely on a narrow pool of pollinators that may preferentially
   visit it over other blooming plants, and more dense patches of S.
   spaldingii may increase pollination efficiency.}},
Publisher = {{NATURAL AREAS ASSOC}},
Address = {{320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{DeBano, SJ (Corresponding Author), Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res \& Extens Ctr, Dept Fisheries \& Wildlife, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA.
   Tubbesing, Carmen, Brown Univ, Dept Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   Strohm, Christopher, Mercyhurst Coll, Dept Biol, Erie, PA 16546 USA.
   DeBano, Sandra J., Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res \& Extens Ctr, Dept Fisheries \& Wildlife, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA.
   Gonzalez, Natalie, Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
   Kimoto, Chiho, Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries \& Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   Taylor, Robert V., Nature Conservancy, Enterprise, OR 97828 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.3375/043.034.0209}},
ISSN = {{0885-8608}},
EISSN = {{2162-4399}},
Keywords = {{bumble bees; native bees; pollinators; Silene spaldingii; Spalding's
   catchfly; Zumwalt Prairie Preserve}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BOMBUS LATR HYMENOPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BUNCHGRASS PRAIRIE;
   PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; SEED PREDATION; BEES;
   CARYOPHYLLACEAE; CONSEQUENCES; METAANALYSIS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Forestry}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Forestry}},
Author-Email = {{sandy.debano@oregonstate.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF)
   {[}0755511]; Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank R. Halse and J. Dingeldein for help with plant identification,
   W. P. Stephen and R. W. Thorp for confirming bumble bee species
   identification, V. Jansen and H. Schmalz for producing maps and
   information on patch characteristics, and A. Moldenke and S. Rao for
   programmatic support. We also thank W. D. Blankenship, S. Bonner, S.
   Galbraith, C. Peyton, D. Snodgrass, and S. Thomas for their help in the
   field and laboratory. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments
   on the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the
   National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0755511. Publication of this
   paper was supported, in part, by the Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
Journal-ISO = {{Nat. Areas J.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ5VD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342875800008}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000337694500017,
Author = {Saifuddin, Mustafa and Jha, Shalene},
Title = {{Colony-Level Variation in Pollen Collection and Foraging Preferences
   Among Wild-Caught Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{43}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{393-401}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Given that many pollinators have exhibited dramatic declines related to
   habitat destruction, an improved understanding of pollinator resource
   collection across human-altered landscapes is essential to conservation
   efforts. Despite the importance of bumble bees (Bombus spp.) as global
   pollinators, little is known regarding how pollen collection patterns
   vary between individuals, colonies, and landscapes. In this study,
   Vosnesensky bumble bees (Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski) were
   collected from a range of human-altered and natural landscapes in
   northern California. Extensive vegetation surveys and Geographic
   Information System (GIS)-based habitat classifications were conducted at
   each site, bees were genotyped to identify colony mates, and pollen
   loads were examined to identify visited plants. In contrast to
   predictions based on strong competitive interactions, pollen load
   composition was significantly more similar for bees captured in a shared
   study region compared with bees throughout the research area but was not
   significantly more similar for colony mates. Preference analyses
   revealed that pollen loads were not composed of the most abundant plant
   species per study region. The majority of ranked pollen preference lists
   were significantly correlated for pairwise comparisons of colony mates
   and individuals within a study region, whereas the majority of pairwise
   comparisons of ranked pollen preference lists between individuals
   located at separate study regions were uncorrelated. Results suggest
   that pollen load composition and foraging preferences are similar for
   bees throughout a shared landscape regardless of colony membership. The
   importance of native plant species in pollen collection is illustrated
   through preference analyses, and we suggest prioritization of specific
   rare native plant species for enhanced bumble bee pollen collection.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC}},
Address = {{JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Jha, S (Corresponding Author), Univ Texas Austin, 401 Biol Labs, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Saifuddin, Mustafa; Jha, Shalene, Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1603/EN13261}},
ISSN = {{0046-225X}},
EISSN = {{1938-2936}},
Keywords = {{foraging behavior; pollinator; Bombus; bumble bee; pollen}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS LINNAEUS; CROP POLLINATION; SOLITARY BEE; DIVERSITY;
   CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; DECLINES; FLOWERS; WORKERS; MODELS}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{sjha@austin.utexas.edu}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
Times-Cited = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{86}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Entomol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AJ5BC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000337694500017}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000336337800017,
Author = {Rundlof, Maj and Persson, Anna S. and Smith, Henrik G. and Bommarco,
   Riccardo},
Title = {{Late-season mass-flowering red clover increases bumble bee queen and
   male densities}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{172}},
Pages = {{138-145}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Spatiotemporal resource continuity promotes persistence of mobile animal
   populations. Current agricultural landscapes are poor in flowers
   resources for bumble bees. Available forage crops are predominantly
   early-season mass-flowering crops (MFC). It has been suggested, but not
   tested, that scarcity of late-season flower resources are limiting
   bumble bee populations. We examined whether addition of late-season
   flowering red clover affected worker, queen and male bumble bee
   densities. Bumble bees were surveyed in flower-rich uncultivated field
   borders across 24 landscapes (radius 2 km) with or without a clover
   field in the centre, varying in semi-natural grassland (SNG) and early
   MFC availability. Clover fields had over ten times higher worker
   densities compared to field borders, suggesting red clover as favoured
   forage. Five times more queens and 71\% more males were found in
   landscapes with clover fields compared to control landscapes, despite
   these fields constituting less than 0.2\% of the landscape area. Both
   MFC and SNG increased the density of males, but only in the presence of
   clover fields. Our results suggest that late-flowering red clover
   positively affects bumble bee reproduction, likely by increasing
   temporal resource continuity. Interventions such as flower strips can
   thus have mitigating effects if they release population regulation by
   late-season resource bottle-necks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
   reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rundlof, M (Corresponding Author), Lund Univ, Dept Biol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
   Rundlof, Maj; Bommarco, Riccardo, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
   Rundlof, Maj; Persson, Anna S.; Smith, Henrik G., Lund Univ, Dept Biol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
   Smith, Henrik G., Lund Univ, Ctr Environm \& Climate Res, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.biocon.2014.02.027}},
ISSN = {{0006-3207}},
EISSN = {{1873-2917}},
Keywords = {{Bombus; Flower resources; Mitigation measure; Pollinator; Reproductive
   success; Trifolium pratense}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES;
   SPECIES RESPONSES; WILD POLLINATORS; COLONY GROWTH; SEX-RATIOS;
   CONSERVATION; DISTANCES; ABUNDANCE}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{maj.rundlof@biol.lu.se
   anna.persson@biol.lu.se
   henrik.smith@biol.lu.se
   riccardo.bommarco@slu.se}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bommarco, Riccardo/E-7109-2016
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Bommarco, Riccardo/0000-0001-8888-0476
   Persson, Anna/0000-0002-2711-0344}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swedish research council FORMASSwedish Research CouncilSwedish Research
   Council Formas; EU in the FP7 project STEP - Status and Trends of
   European Pollinators {[}244090]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank the farmers for allowing us work in their clover fields, M.
   Johansson, F. Martensson and H. Sandberg for assisting in fieldwork and
   N.E. Sjodin for bumble bee species determination. Funding was provided
   to R.B. and H.G.S. by the Swedish research council FORMAS and by EU in
   the FP7 project ``STEP - Status and Trends of European Pollinators{''}
   (Grant Agreement No. 244090).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
Times-Cited = {{84}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{127}},
Journal-ISO = {{Biol. Conserv.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AH7TK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000336337800017}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000335719100029,
Author = {Ali, Mudssar and Saeed, Shafqat and Sajjad, Asif and Bashir, Muhammad
   Amjad},
Title = {{Exploring the Best Native Pollinators for Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
   Production in Punjab, Pakistan}},
Journal = {{PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{46}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{531-539}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Pollination in pumpkin (Cucrubita pepo) largely depends on activity of
   native insect pollinators, especially the bees. In order to explore the
   pollinator diversity and the best native pollinators for pumpkin
   production, an experiment was performed at the research farm of the
   Faculty of. Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya
   University, Multan, Pakistan. The visitation frequency of the bees
   across staminate and pistillate flowers, pattern of diurnal and seasonal
   visitation, efficiency in harvesting and depositing pollen and resultant
   fruit set per single visit were evaluated. The insect pollinator
   community was composed of la species in 3 orders and 6 families. Nomia
   sp., Apis dorsata and Halictus sp. were among the most abundant (189,
   399, 117 respectively) and efficient pollinators in terms of number of
   pollen grains harvested (3121.50 +/- 199.54; 2090.40 +/- 139.03, 798.45
   +/- 109.39, respectively) and deposited (376.60 +/- 23.01, 204.15 +/-
   20.63, 177.85 +/- 16.31, respectively). The single visit fruit set
   percentage also revealed Nomia sp. (36.66) as the best pollinator
   followed by the A. dorsata (23.33) and Halictus sp. (20.0). Conserving
   and enhancing these bee species may boost pumpkin production in
   Pakistan.}},
Publisher = {{ZOOLOGICAL SOC PAKISTAN}},
Address = {{UNIV PUNJAB, NEW CAMPUS, C/O DEPT ZOOLOGY, LAHORE, PAKISTAN}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ali, M (Corresponding Author), Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Fac Agr Sci \& Technol, Dept Entomol, Multan, Pakistan.
   Ali, Mudssar; Saeed, Shafqat; Sajjad, Asif, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Fac Agr Sci \& Technol, Dept Entomol, Multan, Pakistan.
   Bashir, Muhammad Amjad, Univ Agr Faisalabad, Coll Agr DG Khan, Faisalabad, Pakistan.}},
ISSN = {{0030-9923}},
Keywords = {{Pumpkin; staminate and pistillate flowers; effective pollinators; single
   visit efficacy}},
Keywords-Plus = {{PEPONAPIS-PRUINOSA HYMENOPTERA; BEE APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY-BEE; POLLEN
   DISPERSAL; SQUASH BEE; VISITATION; APIDAE; L.; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY}},
Research-Areas = {{Zoology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Zoology}},
Author-Email = {{entobzu@gmail.com}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Higher Education Commission of PakistanHigher Education Commission of
   Pakistan}},
Funding-Text = {{The study was funded by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. We are
   grateful to Dr. Claus Claussen (Twedter Holz 12 D-24944 Flensburg,
   Germany) for his help in identification of syrphid fly species.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
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Journal-ISO = {{Pak. J. Zool.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AG9DO}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000335719100029}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000335630400001,
Author = {Montero-Castano, Ana and Vila, Montserrat and Ortiz-Sanchez, F. Javier},
Title = {{Pollination ecology of a plant in its native and introduced areas}},
Journal = {{ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{56}},
Pages = {{1-9}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Entomophilous and obligate out-crossing non-native plants need to become
   well integrated in the resident plant-pollinator network to set seeds
   and become established. However, it is largely unknown how pollination
   patterns differ between native ranges and those where plants have been
   introduced.
   We compared the identity, abundance and visitation rates of pollinators,
   insect pollen loads, pollen deposition on stigmas, and fruit and seed
   sets of Hedysarum coronarium, an entomophilous short lived N-fixing
   perennial, in populations from native and introduced ranges in Spain
   (South of mainland Spain and Menorca Island, respectively).
   In both areas, Hedysarum was visited by a similar number of species,
   mainly hymenopterans; seven species were common between native and
   introduced areas. However, pollinator richness, abundance, and visits
   per flower were greater in the native than in the introduced range, as
   were fruit and seed sets. Hedysarum pollen loads on stigmas and on Apis
   mellifera, the most common pollinator, did not differ between areas.
   Lower abundance of pollinators might be causing lower visitation rates,
   and to some extent reducing Hedysarum fruit and seed sets in the
   introduced area.
   Our biogeographical approach shows that integration of a non-native
   plant in a resident pollinator network does not prevent pollen
   limitation in the introduced area. Therefore, despite being necessary,
   pollination mutualistic relationships might not be the key for
   non-native plant establishment success in the introduced area. (C) 2014
   Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Montero-Castano, A (Corresponding Author), Estac Biolog Doliana EBD CSIC, Seville 41092, Spain.
   Montero-Castano, Ana; Vila, Montserrat, Estac Biolog Doliana EBD CSIC, Seville 41092, Spain.
   Ortiz-Sanchez, F. Javier, Univ Almeria, Grp Invest Transferencia 1D Area Recursos Nat, La Canada De San Urbano 041020, Almeria, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.actao.2014.01.001}},
ISSN = {{1146-609X}},
EISSN = {{1873-6238}},
Keywords = {{Biogeography; Biological invasions; Fruit set; Hedysarum coronarium;
   Mutualistic interactions; Pollen deposition; Pollinators}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BROOM CYTISUS-SCOPARIUS; INVASIVE PLANT; POLLEN-LIMITATION; SCOTCH
   BROOM; ALIEN PLANTS; FRUIT-SET; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PURPLE
   LOOSESTRIFE; SPECIES RICHNESS; FORAGING RANGES}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{anamontero@ebd.csic.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vila, Montserrat/D-9339-2013
   Montero, Ana/M-8541-2015}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Vila, Montserrat/0000-0003-3171-8261
   Montero, Ana/0000-0003-2631-0085}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through the Severo
   Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R+D+I {[}SEV-2012-0262];
   Spanish Ministry of Ciencia e Innovacion project REDESIN {[}CGL
   2007-61165-BOS]; EUEuropean Union (EU) {[}244090-STEP-CP-FP]; JAE-Predoc
   fellowship}},
Funding-Text = {{We are grateful to C. Rodriguez-Rodriguez for statistical advice and D.
   Nesbitt and J. Macaluso for English revision. We thank J.J. Lopez-Perez
   and M.A. Marcos for Coleoptera and Diptera identifications,
   respectively. Baelo Claudia Archaeological Ensemble (Cadiz) and Albufera
   des Grau Natural Park (Menorca) for allowing us to work in their
   precincts. A. Baron, R. Ruiz, E. Manzano, M. Valles, V. Sanchez, R.
   Molina and M. Lopez helped with the field work. EBD receives financial
   support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad,
   through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in R+D+I
   (SEV-2012-0262). Funding was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Ciencia
   e Innovacion project REDESIN (CGL 2007-61165-BOS) and by the EU 7FP
   project STEP (244090-STEP-CP-FP). AMC was supported by a JAE-Predoc
   fellowship.}},
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Journal-ISO = {{Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AG7WV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000335630400001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000334331000007,
Author = {Waters, S. M. and Fisher, S. E. and Lambers, J. Hille Ris},
Title = {{Neighborhood-contingent indirect interactions between native and exotic
   plants: multiple shared pollinators mediate reproductive success during
   invasions}},
Journal = {{OIKOS}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{123}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{433-440}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Native and exotic plants can influence one another's fecundity through
   their influence on shared pollinators. Specifically, invasion may alter
   abundance and composition of local floral resources, affecting
   pollinator visitation and ultimately causing seedset of natives in
   more-invaded and less-invaded floral neighborhoods to differ. Such
   pollinator-mediated effects of exotic plants on natives are common, but
   native and exotic plants often share multiple pollinators, which may
   differ in their responses to altered floral neighborhoods. We quantified
   pollinator-mediated interactions between three common forbs of western
   Washington prairies (native Microseris laciniata and Eriophyllum lanatum
   and European Hypochaeris radicata) in three floral neighborhoods: 1)
   high native and low exotic floral density, 2) high exotic floral density
   and low native density, and 3) experimentally manipulated low exotic
   floral density. Pollinator visitation rates varied by floral
   neighborhood, plant species identity, and their interaction for all
   three plant species. Similarly, pollinator functional groups (eusocial
   bees, solitary bees, and syrphid flies) contributed differing
   proportions of total visitation to each species depending upon
   neighborhood context. Consequently, in exotic neighborhoods H. radicata
   competed with native M. laciniata, reducing seed set, while
   simultaneously facilitating visitation and seed set for native E.
   lanatum. Seed set of H. radicata was also highest in exotic
   neighborhoods (with high densities of conspecifics), raising the
   possibility of a positive feedback between exotic abundance and success.
   Our results suggest that the outcome of indirect interactions between
   native and exotic plants depends on the density and the composition of
   the floral neighborhood and of the pollinator fauna, and on
   context-dependent pollinator foraging.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Waters, SM (Corresponding Author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Waters, S. M.; Fisher, S. E.; Lambers, J. Hille Ris, Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00643.x}},
ISSN = {{0030-1299}},
EISSN = {{1600-0706}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS; FLORAL NEIGHBORHOOD; POLLEN LIMITATION; ALIEN
   PLANT; SEED SET; DENSITY; BEHAVIOR; ATTRACTION; VISITATION; DIVERSITY}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{smwaters@u.washington.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Univ. of Washington Biology Dept Experimental and Field Ecology grant
   (SMW); National Science Foundation Graduate Research FellowshipNational
   Science Foundation (NSF) {[}DGE-0718124]; Howard Hughes Medical
   Institute undergraduate fellowship}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank N. Waser for comments that substantially improved the
   manuscript. We also thank J. Bakker, O. Bays, R. Bays, W. Bays, J.
   Civille, M. Groom, T. Herridge, B. Kerr, D. Meyer, P. Peterson, M.
   Piper, K. Reagan, J. Tewksbury, S. Young, TNC Washington and members of
   the Hille Ris Lambers lab for logistical help, field assistance, and
   comments that improved this project and manuscript. Research was
   supported by a Univ. of Washington Biology Dept Experimental and Field
   Ecology grant (SMW), a National Science Foundation Graduate Research
   Fellowship under grant no. DGE-0718124 (SMW), and a Howard Hughes
   Medical Institute undergraduate fellowship (SEF). Author cntributions:
   SMW and JHRL conceived and designed the experiments. SMW and SEF
   performed the experiments. SMW and JHRL analyzed the data. SMW wrote the
   manuscript; other authors provided editorial advice. All experiments
   comply with current US law. The authors declare that they have no
   conflict of interest.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{73}},
Journal-ISO = {{Oikos}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AE9MD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000334331000007}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000334477000016,
Author = {Benvenuti, Stefano},
Title = {{Wildflower green roofs for urban landscaping, ecological sustainability
   and biodiversity}},
Journal = {{LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{124}},
Pages = {{151-161}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{The aim of this trial was to test a wildflower roof in order to show how
   a country landscape fits in an urban environment. The bio-agronomic
   performance, the biodiversity dynamics during the two-years experiment,
   and the pollinating fauna, were analysed.
   Each plant group was able to efficiently colonize the surface of the
   roof though in different periods and with various modalities. Thermal
   insulation of green roof was connected to different development dynamics
   of leaf canopies. In particular, this cooling effect took place during
   the peak of the vegetation's growth pattern. As expected, each plant
   group had differing flowering periods, during which were observed
   coincided highest rate of pollinator' visits (domestic and solitary
   bees, bumblebees, lepidoptera, diptera both syrphidae and bombyliidae).
   The agronomic management, consisting in senescent vegetation mowing, was
   of crucial importance to ensure the plant equilibrium of spring and
   summer flowering species. The lack of a prevailing species was
   highlighted by several biodiversity indexes. On the contrary, early and
   late flowering species (geophytes) did not require any vegetation
   management. In conclusion, even if wildflowers exhibit critical aspects
   in terms of covering dynamics, due to the periodic senescence of
   vegetation, they represent a valid instrument to improve the
   biodiversity and the landscape of the Mediterranean urban ecosystem. (c)
   2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Benvenuti, S (Corresponding Author), Dept Agr Food \& Environm, Viale Piagge 23, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
   Dept Agr Food \& Environm, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.004}},
ISSN = {{0169-2046}},
EISSN = {{1872-6062}},
Keywords = {{Urban ecosystem; Flora; Greening; Wildness; Biophilia; Entomofauna}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS;
   URBANIZATION; ATTITUDES; PLANTS; PARKS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Public
   Administration; Urban Studies}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Regional
   \& Urban Planning; Urban Studies}},
Author-Email = {{Sbenve@agr.unipi.it}},
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extension: bib