text:
a,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and B.B. Punske",
  title =        "Body surface and epicardial mapping: state of the art
                 and future perspectives",
  journal =      j-IJBEM,
  year =         "2002",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "91--94",
  robnote =      "paper from ICE meeting in Helsinki",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 27 08:42:41 2005",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac2003,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and B.B. Punske",
  title =        "Cardiac surface electrical mapping: historical
                 overview, state of the art and future prospects",
  booktitle =    "Noninvasive Function Source Imaging (NFSI)
                 Conference",
  year =         "2003",
  robnote =      "NFSI in Chieti",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 27 08:44:30 2005",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac2003a,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and B.B. Punske and P. Colli-Franzone",
  title =        "Cardiac Potential Mapping",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS2003,
  year =         "2003",
  robnote =      "EMBS paper in Cancun",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 27 08:46:01 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac2005,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and B.B. Punske and F. Sachse and X.
                 Tricoche and P. Colli-Franzone and L.F. Pavarino and C.
                 Zabawa",
  title =        "Intramural activation and repolarization sequences in
                 canine ventricles. Experimental and simulation
                 studies.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2005",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "4 Suppl",
  pages =        "131--137",
  robnote =      "BACKGROUND: There are no published data showing the
                 three-dimensional sequence of repolarization and the
                 associated potential fields in the ventricles.
                 Knowledge of the sequence of repolarization has medical
                 relevance because high spatial dispersion of recovery
                 times and action potential durations favors cardiac
                 arrhythmias. In this study we describe measured and
                 simulated 3-D excitation and recovery sequences and
                 activation-recovery intervals (ARIs) (measured) or
                 action potential durations (APDs) (simulated) in the
                 ventricular walls. METHODS: We recorded from 600 to
                 1400 unipolar electrograms from canine ventricular
                 walls during atrial and ventricular pacing at 350-450
                 ms cycle length. Measured excitation and recovery times
                 and ARIs were displayed as 2-D maps in transmural
                 planes or 3-D maps in the volume explored, using
                 specially developed software. Excitation and recovery
                 sequences and APD distributions were also simulated in
                 parallelepipedal slabs using anisotropic monodomain or
                 bidomain models based on the Lou-Rudy version 1 model
                 with homogeneous membrane properties. RESULTS:
                 Simulations showed that in the presence of homogeneous
                 membrane properties, the sequence of repolarization was
                 similar but not identical to the excitation sequence.
                 In a transmural plane perpendicular to epicardial fiber
                 direction, both activation and recovery pathways
                 starting from an epicardial pacing site returned toward
                 the epicardium at a few cm distance from the pacing
                 site. However, APDs were not constant, but had a
                 dispersion of approximately 14 ms in the simulated
                 domain. The maximum APD value was near the pacing site
                 and two minima appeared along a line perpendicular to
                 fiber directions, passing through the pacing site.
                 Electrical measurements in dog ventricles showed that,
                 for short cycle lengths, both excitation and recovery
                 pathways, starting from an epicardial pacing site,
                 returned toward the epicardium. For slower pacing
                 rates, pathways of recovery departed from the pathway
                 of excitation. Highest ARI values were observed near
                 the pacing site in part of the experiments. In
                 addition, maps of activation-recovery intervals showed
                 mid-myocardial clusters with activation-recovery
                 intervals that were slightly longer than ARIs closer to
                 the epi- or endocardium, suggesting the presence of M
                 cells in those areas. Transmural dispersion of measured
                 ARIs was on the order of 20-25 ms. Potential
                 distributions during recovery were less affected by
                 myocardial anisotropy than were excitation
                 potentials.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 5 12:43:31 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac2008,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and B.B. Punske and E. Macchi and R.S.
                 MacLeod and P.R. Ershler",
  title =        "Epicardial and Intramural Excitation During
                 Ventricular Pacing: Effect of Myocardial Structure",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "2008",
  volume =       "294",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "H1753--1766",
  month =        apr,
  robnote =      "Last paper with Bruno. epicardial potentials, map3d",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 05 07:58:06 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac63,
  author =       "B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Distribution of Heart Potentials on the Thoracic
                 Surface of Normal Human Subjects",
  journal =      j-CR,
  year =         "1963",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "341--351",
  robnote =      "The original Taccardi paper describing the normal
                 pattern of body potentials during excitation.
                 propagation ECG, BSPM001",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Tac65,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and Marchetti G.",
  title =        "Distribution of heart potentials on the body surface
                 and in artificial conducting media",
  booktitle =    "International symposium on the electrophysiology of
                 the heart",
  editor =       "B. Taccardi and Marchetti G.",
  publisher =    "Pergamon Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1965",
  pages =        "257--280",
  robnote =      "BSPM, volume conductor, forward problem, inverse
                 problem",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac66,
  author =       "B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Changes in Cardiac Electrogenesis Following Coronary
                 Occlusion",
  booktitle =    "Coronary Circulation and Energetics of the
                 Myocardium",
  publisher =    "S. Karger, Basel/New York",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1966",
  pages =        "259--267",
  robnote =      "An early description of ischemic changes in ECG from a
                 dog. Donor dog prep used here and recipient heart
                 placed in a bath for measurement of potentials near the
                 heart surface. Minimum was seen facing the injured
                 area, injury current effects seen as well. Some
                 tentative hypothesizing about the cellular explanation
                 of these effects. Understated and well-written, in
                 Taccardi's style., Ischemia121",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Tac76,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and L. De Ambroggi and C. Viganotti",
  title =        "Body-Saurface Mapping of Heart Potentials",
  booktitle =    "The Theoretical Basis of Electrocardiology",
  editor =       "C.V. Nelson and D.B. Geselowitz",
  publisher =    "Claredon Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1976",
  pages =        "436--466",
  robnote =      "",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Tac88,
  author =       "B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Future Prospects and Applications",
  booktitle =    "Body Surface Electrocardiographic Mapping",
  editor =       "D.M. Mirvis",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  address =      "Boston, Dordrecht, London",
  year =         "1988",
  pages =        "193--200",
  robnote =      ", BSPM068",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac89,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P.R. Ershler and B.
                 Steadman and S. Watabe",
  title =        "Intracardiac and extracardiac potential distributions
                 during ventricular ectopic beats",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS89,
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  address =      "",
  year =         "1989",
  pages =        "197--198",
  robnote =      "Arrhythmias",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac90,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P.R. Ershler and S.
                 Watabe and E. Macchi",
  title =        "Normal and abnormal intramural spread of excitation
                 and associated potential distributions",
  booktitle =    "XVII International Congress on Electrocardiology",
  year =         "1990",
  pages =        "12",
  robnote =      "A talk by Bruno in Florence.",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Tac90a,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R. Lux and P. Ershler and S. Watabe
                 and Macchi E.",
  title =        "Intramural spread of excitation wavefronts and
                 associated potential fields",
  booktitle =    "Advances in Electrocardiology",
  publisher =    "Elsevier",
  year =         "1990",
  editor =       "Z. Antaloczy",
  pages =        "61--62",
  robnote =      "Short paper on 3D excitation",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac90b,
  author =       "B. Taccardi",
  title =        "Body surface mapping and the cardiac electric sources:
                 {A} historical survey",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "150--154",
  robnote =      "A nice review of the history of BSPM, clinical
                 applications, and analysis techniques used in mapping.
                 This is a plenary address from some meeting, I presume
                 and ISCE conference.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac92,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P.R. Ershler and R.S.
                 MacLeod and C. Zabawa and Y. Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Potential distributions and excitation time maps
                 recorded with high spatial resolution from the entire
                 ventricular surface of exposed dog hearts.",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  year =         "1992",
  pages =        "1--4",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "Brunos paper from Duke meeting",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac92b,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P.R. Ershler and R.S.
                 MacLeod and Y. Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Effect of myocardial fiber direction on 3-{D} shape of
                 excitation wavefronts and associated potential
                 distributions in ventricular walls.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "86",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "I-752",
  robnote =      "Bruno's paper from American Heart meeting",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac92c,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P.R. Ershler and R.S.
                 MacLeod and Y. Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Newer data on epicardial electrical activity.",
  pages =        "F.1.4",
  booktitle =    "3rd Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering
                 Society, Salt Lake City, Utah",
  year =         "1992",
  robnote =      "A paper Bruno presented at the SLC meeting of the
                 BMES.",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tac93,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P. R Ershler and R.S.
                 MacLeod and Y. Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Effect of myocardial anisotropy on the body surface
                 potential distributions",
  editor =       "P. MacFarlane",
  pages =        "abstract",
  booktitle =    "Proc. of the Intl. Cong. on
                 Electrocardiol., XXth Ann. Meeting",
  year =         "1993",
  robnote =      "Kananaskis abstract using some of the tank data and
                 showing information transfer from epicardial to torso
                 surface",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac94,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and E. Macchi and R.L. Lux and P.R.
                 Ershler and S. Spaggiari and S. Baruffi and Y.
                 Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Effect of myocardial fiber direction on epicardial
                 potentials.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "90",
  pages =        "3076--3090",
  robnote =      "Bruno's meisterwerk on the affect of anisotropy on all
                 sorts of aspect of activation.",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac94b,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and P. R Ershler and R.S.
                 MacLeod and Y. Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Modern views on the spread of excitation in
                 anisotropic heart muscle.",
  journal =      j-JHJ,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "31--35",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac96,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and R.S. MacLeod and P.R.
                 Ershler and T.J. Dustman and Y. Vhymeister",
  title =        "{ECG} waveforms and cardiac electric sources",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "98--100",
  robnote =      "In which Bruno explodes the myth of the Wilson Central
                 Terminal for the folks at ISCE96",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac96b,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and R.S. MacLeod and P.R.
                 Ershler and T.J. Dustman and M. Scott and Y. Vyhmeister
                 and N. Ingebrigtsen",
  title =        "{ECG} waveforms and cardiac electric sources",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "98--100",
  robnote =      "Brunos paper from Chandler ISCE meeting on ECG
                 waveshape, polaritym etc. and a function of fiber
                 direction, pacing depth.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 12 09:15:56 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac97,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and R.S. MacLeod and P.R.
                 Ershler and T.J. Dustman and N. Ingebrigtsen",
  title =        "Anatomical stucture and electrical activity of the
                 heart",
  journal =      "Acta Cardiologica",
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "91--105",
  robnote =      "Excellent tutorial paper on the effect of heart
                 structer, fiber direction, anisotropy on propagation
                 and recovery",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac97b,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and R.L. Lux and R.S. MacLeod and P.R.
                 Ershler and T.J. Dustman and N. Ingebrigtsen",
  title =        "Assessment of spatial resolution of body surface
                 potentials maps in localizing ventricular tachycardia
                 foci",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "1--4",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 12 12:14:45 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac98,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and B.B. Punske and R.L. Lux and R.S.
                 MacLeod and P.R. Ershler and T.J. Dustman and Y.
                 Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Useful lessons from body surface potential mapping",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "773--786",
  robnote =      "",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 10 12:12:47 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Tac99,
  author =       "B. Taccardi and B.B. Punske and F. Helie and R.S.
                 MacLeod and R.L. Lux and P.R. Erhsler and T.J. Dustman
                 and Y. Vyhmeister",
  title =        "Epicardial recovery sequences and excitation-recovery
                 intervals during paced beats. Role of myocardial
                 architecture.",
  journal =      j-P,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =      "Bruno's paper on recovery times",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 05 14:21:43 1999",
}

@Misc{RSM:Tai2015,
  author = 	 "L. Tait",
  title = 	 "How to find an academic mentor",
  howpublished = "The Wiley Network (hub.wiley.com)",
  month = 	 "April 30",
  year = 	 2015,
  note = 	 "mentorship",
  Robnote = 	 "an online article on academic mentorship"
}

@Article{RSM:Tak2006,
  author =       "Y. Takahashi and M. Hocini and M. D. O'Neill and P.
                 Sanders and M. Rotter and T. Rostock and A. Jonsson and
                 F. Sacher and J. Clementy and P. Jais and M.
                 Haissaguerre",
  title =        "Sites of focal atrial activity characterized by
                 endocardial mapping during atrial fibrillation",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "2005--2012",
  month  =       "May",
  abstract =     "OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess
                 the feasibility of identifying sites of focal atrial
                 activity by localized high-density endocardial mapping
                 during atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Sites of
                 focal activity in the left atrium have been
                 demonstrated by epicardial mapping during AF. METHODS:
                 Twenty-four patients (15 with paroxysmal, 3 with
                 persistent, and 6 with permanent AF) underwent
                 endocardial mapping during AF. A 20-pole catheter with
                 five radiating spines was used to map both atria for 30
                 s in each of 10 pre-determined segments. A focal
                 activity was defined as > or =3 atrial cycles with
                 activation spreading from center to periphery of the
                 mapping catheter. Catheter ablation was performed
                 independent of the mapping results. RESULTS:
                 Spontaneous focal activities were observed in 13 sites
                 in the left atrium (9\%; anterior 1, roof 2, posterior
                 6, inferior 4) in 12 patients (9 paroxysmal, 3
                 persistent). Focal activity was observed continuously
                 (two sites) or intermittently (11 sites, median 5
                 episodes), and associated with shortening of the cycle
                 length (from 183 +/- 33 ms to 172 +/- 29 ms; p < 0.05).
                 The mean duration of an intermittent episode was 1.5 s
                 (range 0.4 to 7.1 s). Atrial fibrillation terminated
                 without ablation at the foci in all of 12 patients, but
                 in 2 of them, re-initiated arrhythmia was successfully
                 ablated at these foci. Nine of these 12 patients (75\%)
                 were arrhythmia-free without antiarrhythmic drugs
                 during a follow-up period of 7.0 +/- 3.1 months.
                 CONCLUSIONS: Termination of AF without ablation at the
                 sites of atrial focal activity suggests that this
                 activity may be triggered by impulses originating from
                 other regions, such as the pulmonary veins.",
  keywords =     "Adult Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use Atrial
                 Fibrillation/*physiopathology/*therapy Catheter
                 Ablation Electrocardiography Electrophysiologic
                 Techniques, Cardiac/instrumentation/*methods
                 Endocardium Feasibility Studies Female Follow-Up
                 Studies Heart Atria/physiopathology Humans Male Middle
                 Aged Pulmonary Veins",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Tak2006a,
  author =       "Y. Takahashi and P. Sanders and P. Jais and M. Hocini
                 and R. Dubois and M. Rotter and T. Rostock and C. J.
                 Nalliah and F. Sacher and J. Clementy and M.
                 Haissaguerre",
  title =        "Organization of frequency spectra of atrial
                 fibrillation: relevance to radiofrequency catheter
                 ablation",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "382--388",
  abstract =     "INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized that the frequency
                 spectra of fibrillatory electrograms may reflect the
                 complexity of activities perpetuating atrial
                 fibrillation (AF). To test this hypothesis, we
                 evaluated the frequency spectra in patients with
                 paroxysmal AF in relation to catheter ablation. METHODS
                 AND RESULTS: This study comprised two protocols: 25
                 patients undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in
                 protocol I, and 20 patients undergoing mitral isthmus
                 linear ablation after PV isolation in protocol II. The
                 mean of dominant frequency (DF) and organization index
                 (the ratio of the area under the DF and its harmonics
                 to the total power) were determined from 32-second
                 recordings in the coronary sinus. In protocol I, a PV
                 was considered driver of AF if isolation of the PV
                 resulted in termination or slowing of AF (decrease in
                 DF by > or =0.25 Hz). Twenty-one patients had AF
                 termination during four PV isolation. Among these 21
                 patients, 13 patients with single driving PV showed
                 significantly higher baseline organization index than
                 eight patients with multiple driving PVs (0.45 +/- 0.08
                 vs 0.35 +/- 0.07, P = 0.009). Patients with multiple
                 driving PVs showed a significant increase in the
                 organization index to 0.45 +/- 0.11 (P < 0.05) after
                 isolation of the initial driving PVs. In protocol II,
                 the baseline organization index was significantly
                 higher in seven patients who had termination of AF
                 during mitral isthmus ablation than 13 patients who did
                 not (0.50 +/- 0.10 vs 0.38 +/- 0.07, P < 0.008). The
                 baseline DF was not associated with outcomes of
                 ablation in both protocols. CONCLUSIONS: A higher
                 organization index of atrial electrograms is associated
                 with termination of AF during limited ablation. This
                 parameter may be useful to anticipate the extent of
                 ablation.",
  keywords =     "Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology/*surgery Catheter
                 Ablation/*methods Electrophysiologic Techniques,
                 Cardiac/*methods Female Follow-Up Studies Heart
                 Conduction System/*physiopathology/surgery Heart
                 Rate/physiology Humans Male Middle Aged Treatment
                 Outcome",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Tal59,
  author =       "J. L Talbert and E.E. Joyce and D.C. Sabiston",
  title =        "The Effect of Intra-Arterial Injection of Radiopaque
                 Contrast Media on Coronary Blood Flow",
  journal =      "Surgery",
  year =         "1959",
  volume =       "46",
  pages =        "400--406",
  robnote =      "dye, contrast medium during PTCA. thesis, PTCA022",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Tan90,
  author =       "G. Tan",
  title =        "Numerical evaluation of the surface integral of $1/r$
                 over a triangular surface element.",
  year =         "1990",
  note =         "Private communication",
  robnote =      "An algorithm to calculate the surface integral of the
                 function 1/r is optimized. This was one of Tan's
                 contributions to the Bioelectronics seminar that Milan
                 did. thesis, NumMath025",
}

@Article{RSM:Tan91,
  author =       "T. Tanabe and K. Yoshioka and M. Kitada and H.
                 Yoshikawa and Y. Goto",
  title =        "Evaluation of a newly devised three-lead {H}olter
                 recording during treadmill testing in the diagnosis of
                 ischemic {ST} changes",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "24",
  pages =        "155--163",
  robnote =      "a paper on holter leads and detecting ischemia. They
                 say that at least 3 leads are needed in a Holter system
                 for the detection of ischemia in exercise",
}

@Article{RSM:Tan92,
  author =       "A.S.L. Tang and P.D. Wolf and Y. Afework and W.M.
                 Smith and R.E. Ideker",
  title =        "Three-dimensional Potential Gradient Fields Generated
                 by Intracardiac Catheter and Cutaneous Patch
                 Electrodes",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "85",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1857--1864",
  key =          "potential gradient",
  annote =       "an estimation of potential gridient from four
                 nonthoracotomy electrode configuratiion",
}

@Article{RSM:Tan94,
  author =       "T. Tanabe and K. Yoshioka and M. Ide and N. Kanemoto
                 and Y. Suzuki",
  title =        "Evaluation of a nine-lead {H}olter monitor for
                 identifying and localizing ischemi and coronary artery
                 disease detected by quantitative thallium-201
                 tomography",
  journal =      j-AHJ,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "128",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "956--965",
  robnote =      "A paper describing a new holter system that takes more
                 leads, but switches between them every few minutes to
                 fit the data on a standard holer monitor unit.
                 quantitative electrocardiography, MI",
}

@Article{RSM:Tao2007,
  author =       "J.X. Tao and M. Baldwin and S. Hawes-Ebersole and J.S.
                 Ebersole",
  title =        "Cortical substrates of scalp EEG epileptiform discharges.",
  journal =      "J Clin Neurophysiol",
  year =         "2007",
  month =        "Apr",
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "96--100",
  robnote =      "SUMMARY: Scalp EEG is an essential component of epilepsy
                 presurgical evaluation during the lateralization and
                 localization of epileptogenic focus. Scalp EEG
                 epileptiform discharges may either guide direct surgical
                 intervention or provide necessary information to further
                 localize the epileptic focus with intracranial EEG
                 recording. Despite the importance and widespread use of
                 scalp EEG epileptiform discharges, the cortical EEG
                 substrates underlying these spikes and seizure discharges
                 are mostly speculative. Misconceptions are therefore
                 prevalent regarding the necessary cortical area,
                 synchrony, and amplitude required to generate those that
                 are recordable at the scalp. Using contemporary EEG
                 recording techniques such as simultaneous scalp and
                 intracranial EEG recording, the authors' recent studies
                 have shown that the cortical area of epileptiform
                 discharges required for the scalp recording is
                 considerably larger than commonly thought. A cortical area
                 of 10 to 20 cm is often required to generate a scalp
                 recognizable interictal spike or ictal rhythm. Sufficient
                 cortical source area and synchrony are mandatory factors
                 for the corresponding scalp EEG epileptiform recording.
                 The amplitude is primarily dependent on source area and
                 synchrony; therefore it is a less important factor. The
                 authors review the previous literatures in conjunction
                 with their recent investigations on this topic.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 7 09:56:53 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Tar95,
  author =       "I.M. Tarkka and D.S. Stokic and L.F.H. Basile and A.C.
                 Papanicoulaou",
  title =        "Electric source localization of the auditory {P300}
                 agrees with magnetic source localization",
  journal =      "Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology",
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "96",
  pages =        "538--545",
  robnote =      "",
}

@TechReport{RSM:Tas2004a,
  author =       "T. Tasdizen and D.M. Weinstein and J.N. Lee",
  institution =  "University of Utah",
  keywords =     "Multispectral MRI, tissue classification, ip image
                 processing signal processing, segmentation",
  month =        mar,
  number =       "UUSCI-2004-001",
  title =        "Automatic Tissue Classification for the Human Head
                 from Multispectral {MRI}",
  type =         "SCI Institute Technical Report",
  URL =          "http://www.sci.utah.edu/publications/SCITechReports/UUSCI-2004-001.pdf",
  year =         "2004",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tat2009,
  author =       "J.D. Tate and J.G. Stinstra and T. Pilcher and R.S.
                 MacLeod",
  booktitle =    "Computers in Cardiology, 2009",
  title =        "Measuring implantable cardioverter defibrillators
                 ({ICD}s) during implantation surgery: Verification of a
                 simulation",
  year =         "2009",
  pages =        "473--476",
  keywords =     "ICD discharge recordings;ICD surface
                 potentials;defibrillation shock;implantable
                 cardioverter defibrillators;implantation surgery;lead
                 selection algorithm;patient specific forward simulation
                 model;signal reconstruction;surface potential mapping
                 system;bioelectric
                 potentials;cardiology;defibrillators;medical signal
                 processing;prosthetics;signal reconstruction;surgery;",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tat2010,
  author =       "J.D. Tate and J.G. Stinstra and T. Pilcher and R.S.
                 MacLeod",
  booktitle =    c-CinC,
  title =        "Implantable cardioverter defibrillator predictive
                 simulation validation",
  year =         "2010",
  pages =        "853--856",
  keywords =     "ICD discharge recordings;ICD surface
                 potentials;defibrillation shock;implantable
                 cardioverter defibrillators;implantation surgery;lead
                 selection algorithm;patient specific forward simulation
                 model;signal reconstruction;surface potential mapping
                 system;bioelectric
                 potentials;cardiology;defibrillators;medical signal
                 processing;prosthetics;signal reconstruction;surgery;",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tat2011,
  author = 	 "J.D. Tate and J.G. Stinstra and T. Pilcher and A. Poursaid
                  and E.V. Saarel and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Simulating Defibrillation: Verification Using Defibrillation
                  Thresholds and Surface Recordings",
  booktitle =    c-HRS,
  pages = 	 "S396",
  year = 	 2011,
  volume = 	 "8",
  organization = "Heart Rhythm Society",
  Robnote = 	 "Jess poster at HRS"
}

@Article{RSM:Tat2011b,
  author =       "J. Tate and J. Stinstra and T. Pilcher and A. Poursaid
                 and E. Saarel and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Measuring defibrillator surface potentials for simulation
                 verification.",
  journal =      c-EMBS2011,
  year =         "2011",
  volume =       "2011",
  pages =        "239--242",
  robnote =      "Though implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are
                 increasing in use in both adults and children, little
                 progress has been devoted to optimizing device and
                 electrode placement. To facilitate effective ICD
                 placement, especially in pediatric cases, we have
                 developed a predictive model that evaluates the efficacy
                 of a delivered shock. We have also developed an
                 experimental validation approach based on measurements
                 from clinical cases. The approach involves obtaining body
                 surface potential maps of ICD discharges during
                 implantation surgery using a limited lead selection and
                 body surface estimation algorithm. Comparison of the
                 simulated and measured potentials yielded very similar
                 patterns and a typical correlation greater than 0.93,
                 suggesting that the predictive simulation generates
                 realistic potential values. This validation approach
                 provides confidence in application of the simulation
                 pipeline and offers areas to focus future improvements.",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 23 23:22:51 2013",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tat2014,
author = 	"J. Tate and T. Pilcher and K. Aras and B. Burton and
                  R.S. MacLeod",
title = 	"Verification of a Defibrillation Simulation Using Internal
                  Electric Fields in a Human Shaped Phantom",
booktitle = 	c-CinC,
year =	        "2014",
volume = 	"41",
pages = 	"689-692",
nihms =         "NIHMS687028",
pmcid =         "PMC4593324",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tat2016,
  author = 	 "J.D. Tate and B. Kindall and K. Gillette and B. Burton and J.
                  Coll-Font and B. Erem and D. White and A. Khan and P. van Dam
                  and R.S. MacLeod.",
  title = 	 "A Pipeline for Generating Physiological Volumetric {ECG}
                  Signals",
  booktitle = c-ISCE,
  year = 	 2016,
  pages = 	 "1--4"}

@Article{RSM:Tat2017,
  author =       "J. Tate and K. Gillette and B. Burton and W. Good and J.
                 Coll-Font and D. Brooks and R. MacLeod",
  title =        "Analyzing Source Sampling to Reduce Error in ECG Forward
                 Simulations.",
  journal =      c-CinC,
  year =         "2017",
  month =        "Sep",
  volume =       "44",
  pages =        "1304",
  robnote =      "A continuing challenge in validating ECG Imaging is the
                 persistent error in the associated forward problem
                 observed in experimental studies. One possible cause of
                 error is insufficient representation of the cardiac
                 sources, which is often measured from only the ventricular
                 epicardium, ignoring the endocardium and the atria. We
                 hypothesize that measurements that completely cover the
                 heart are required for accurate forward solutions. In this
                 study, we used simulated and measured cardiac potentials
                 to test the effect of different levels of sampling on the
                 forward simulation. We found that omitting source samples
                 on the atria increases the peak RMS error by a mean of 464
                 muV when compared the the fully sampled cardiac surface.
                 Increasing the sampling on the atria in stages reduced the
                 average error of the forward simulation proportionally to
                 the number of additional samples and revealed some
                 strategies may reduce error with fewer samples, such as
                 adding samples to the AV plane and the atrial roof. Based
                 on these results, we can design a sampling strategy to use
                 in future validation studies.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 21 16:16:20 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC6103632",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Tat2018,
  author = 	 "Jess D. Tate",
  title = 	 "Validating Simulation Pipelines With Potential Recordings",
  school = 	 "University of Utah",
  year = 	 2018,
  Robnote = 	 "Jess thesis"
}

@Article{RSM:Tat2018a,
  author =       "J. Tate and K. Gillette and B. Burton and W. Good and B.
                 Zenger and J. Coll-Font and D. Brooks and R. MacLeod",
  title =        "Reducing Error in ECG Forward Simulations With Improved
                 Source Sampling.",
  journal =      "Front Physiol",
  year =         "2018",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "1304",
  robnote =      "A continuing challenge in validating electrocardiographic
                 imaging (ECGI) is the persistent error in the associated
                 forward problem observed in experimental studies. One
                 possible cause of this error is insufficient
                 representation of the cardiac sources; cardiac source
                 measurements often sample only the ventricular epicardium,
                 ignoring the endocardium and the atria. We hypothesize
                 that measurements that completely cover the pericardial
                 surface are required for accurate forward solutions. In
                 this study, we used simulated and measured cardiac
                 potentials to test the effect of different levels of
                 spatial source sampling on the forward simulation. Not
                 surprisingly, increasing the source sampling over the
                 atria reduced the average error of the forward
                 simulations, but some sampling strategies were more
                 effective than others. Uniform and random distributions of
                 samples across the atrial surface were the most efficient
                 strategies in terms of lowest error with the fewest
                 sampling locations, whereas single direction strategies,
                 i.e., adding to the atrioventricular (AV) plane or atrial
                 roof only, were the least efficient. Complete sampling of
                 the atria is needed to eliminate errors from missing
                 cardiac sources, but while high density sampling that
                 covers the entire atria yields the best results, adding as
                 few as 11 electrodes on the atria can significantly reduce
                 these errors. Future validation studies of the ECG forward
                 simulations should use a cardiac source sampling that
                 takes these considerations into account, which will, in
                 turn, improve validation and understanding of ECGI.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 21 16:16:20 2019",
  pmcid =        "PMC6160576",
}

@Article{RSM:Tat2018b,
  author = 	 "J.D. Tate and J. Stinstra and T. Pilcher and A. Poursaid and
                  M.A. Jolley and E. Saarel and J. Triedman and R.S. MacLeod",
  title = 	 "Measuring defibrillator surface potentials: {The} validation
                  of a predictive defibrillation computer model. ",
  journal = 	 j-CBM,
  year = 	 2018,
  volume = 	 102,
  pages = 	 "402--410",
  pmcid =  	 "6221557"
}

@Article{RSM:Tat2018c,
  author = 	 "J.D. Tate and K. Gillette and B. Burton and W. Good and
                  B. Zenger and J. Coll-Font and D.H. Brooks and R.S. MacLeod.",
  title = 	 "Reducing Error in ECG Forward Simulations with Improved
                  Source Sampling",
  journal = 	 j-FP,
  year = 	 2018,
  volume = 	 9,
  number = 	 1304,
  pages = 	 "1--16",
  pmcid =        "PMC6160576"
}

@Article{RSM:Tat2020,
  author =       "J.D. Tate and T.A. Pilcher and K.K. Aras and B.M. Burton
                 and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Validating Defibrillation Simulation in a Human-Shaped
                 Phantom.",
  journal =      j-HR,
  year =         "2020",
  month =        "Nov",
  pages =        "(epub ahead of print)",
  robnote =      "Note: This was Tat2019.  The goal
                 of this study was to use an animal mode and thoracic
                 phantom to record the ICD potential field within the heart
                 and on the torso to validate our defibrillation simulation
                 system. METHODS: We recorded defibrillator shock
                 potentials from an ICD suspended together with an animal
                 heart in a human-shaped torso tank and compared them to
                 simulated values. We also compared the scaled distribution
                 threshold (SDT), an analogue to the defibrillation
                 threshold, from the measured and simulated electric fields
                 within the myocardium. RESULTS: ICD potentials recorded on
                 the tank and cardiac surface and within the myocardium
                 agreed well with those predicted by the simulation. A
                 quantitative comparison of the recorded and simulated
                 potentials yielded a mean correlation of 0.94 and a
                 relative error of 19.1 \%. The simulation can also predict
                 SDTs similar to those calculated from measured potential
                 fields. CONCLUSIONS: We found that our simulation could
                 predict potential fields with high correlation to measured
                 values within the heart and on the torso surface. These
                 results support the use of this model for optimization of
                 ICD placements.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 30 08:46:14 2019",
}

@Article{RSM:Tav86,
  author =       "L. Tavazzi and G. Guagliumi and M. Galli and A. Tosto
                 and A. Imparato and G. Minuco",
  title =        "Can Body Surface Mapping Improve the Diagnostic Power
                 of Standard Electrocardiographiy in Effort Myocardial
                 Ischemia?",
  journal =      j-CJC,
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "99A-106A",
  robnote =      "myocardial infarct, ischemia, bspm, exercise test,
                 BSPM036",
}

@Article{RSM:Tay83,
  author =       "D Tayler and R. Vincent",
  title =        "Signal Distortion in the {ECG} Due to Inadequate Phase
                 Response",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "30",
  pages =        "352--356",
  robnote =      "Brighton, Sussex University, ecg
                 monitoring,amplifiers, phase response., ECG014",
}

@Article{RSM:Tay95,
  author =       "A.J. Taylor and M.C. Sackett and G.A. Beller",
  title =        "The degree of {ST}-segment depression on
                 sympton-limited exercise testing : {R}elation to the
                 myocardial ischemia burden as detemrined by
                 thallium-201 scintography",
  journal =      j-AJC,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "75",
  pages =        "228--231",
  robnote =      "They tried to correlate degree of ST segment
                 depression with the amount of ischemia as determined
                 from scintography and found no link! No surprise
                 really, I guess, but there are other papers that sugest
                 such a quantitative link. This study used standard
                 exercise test, but I am not sure of the lead system
                 used, clearly not 12-lead.",
}

@Article{RSM:Taz86,
  author =       "J.M. Tazelaar",
  title =        "Working at Home with Computers",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        mar,
  pages =        "155--160",
  robnote =      "Telecommunicating and working with a computer at home,
                 describes a number of practical and legal points with
                 regard to working at home, setting up a company, etc.,
                 CompSoft011",
}

@Article{RSM:Taz88,
  author =       "J.M. Tazelaar and J. Fiderio",
  title =        "Hypertext: {A} Grand Vision",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1988",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "234--244",
  robnote =      "A neat article, actually two of them about hypertext
                 and hypercard., CompSoft093",
}

@Book{RSM:Tec84,
  author =       "{Technical Committee on Electromedical Equipment}",
  title =        "Electromedical Equipment {C22}.2 No. 125-{M1984}.",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Canadian Standards Association",
  address =      "Rexdale, Ontario",
  year =         "1984",
  robnote =      "The CSA standard pertaining to biomedical equipment.
                 bspm, mapping, thesis, Electronics033",
}

@Article{RSM:Teh93,
  author =       "B.S. Teh and J. Walsh and A.J. Bell and S.J. Walker
                 and D. Kilpatrick",
  title =        "Electrical current paths in acute pericarditis.",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1993",
  month =        oct,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "291--300",
  robnote =      "The electrocardiographic changes accompanying
                 pericarditis consist of ST elevation in most of the
                 leads of the 12-lead electrocardiogram. The source of
                 this ST elevation is thought to be local inflammatory
                 changes in the epicardium underlying the inflamed
                 pericardium. The current from this area of ST elevation
                 must return to some unaffected region of the heart and
                 this should be associated with a region of ST
                 depression. This current path from the external
                 epicardial surface has been postulated to flow back
                 into the endocardium through the great vessels and
                 atria. To test this hypothesis, 18 patients with
                 pericarditis were studied by body surface potential
                 mapping and inverse epicardial potential distributions
                 were computed. The resultant maps were compared to
                 those of normal people and patients with acute anterior
                 infraction. Epicardial maps from patients with
                 pericarditis showed a region of current flow into the
                 heart over the great vessels and atria in all 18
                 patients. This pattern was not seen in normal patients
                 or infarction patients and was consistent with the
                 mechanism resulting in ST elevation in pericarditis
                 being one of current flowing from the epicardium out
                 into the thorax and back into the heart through the
                 great vessels and atria.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 19 13:33:03 2000",
}

@Article{RSM:Ten92,
  author =       "A.N. Tenaglia and C.E. Buller and K.B. Kisslo and R.S.
                 Stack and C.J. Davidson",
  title =        "Mechanisms of balloon angioplasty and directional
                 coronary atherectomy as assessed by introcoronary
                 ultrasound",
  journal =      j-ACC,
  year =         "1992",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "685--691",
  robnote =      "PTCA and ultrasound imaging of arteries",
}

@Article{RSM:Tha2005,
  author =       "S.G. Thal and N.F. Marrouche",
  title =        "Novel applications in catheter ablation.",
  journal =      "J Interv Card Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2005",
  month =        aug,
  volume =       "13 Suppl 1",
  pages =        "17--21",
  robnote =      "afib, Catheter based treatment of arrhythmia has
                 gained significant attention during the last two
                 decades. Due to the explosive development in ablation
                 treatment of atrial fibrillation, huge interest in new
                 tools was born to help in the atrial fibrillation
                 ablation procedures. The aim of this review is to
                 describe the role of these novel techniques and tools
                 aimed at improving the implementation of catheter based
                 ablations of atrial arrhythmias by focusing on the use
                 of intra-cardiac echocardiogram and robotic
                 navigation.",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 28 00:49:02 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Tha94,
  author =       "R.K. Thakur and G.J. Klein and R. Yee and G.M.
                 Guiraudon",
  title =        "Complications of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: {A}
                 Review",
  journal =      j-CJC,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "835--839",
  key =          "ablation",
  annote =       "RF Ablation Review. ROK-thesis",
}

@Article{RSM:Thi2004,
  author =       "A. Thiagalingam and E.M. Wallace and A.C. Boyd and
                 V.E. Eipper and C.R. Campbell and K. Byth and D.L. Ross
                 and P. Kovoor",
  title =        "Noncontact mapping of the left ventricle: insights
                 from validation with transmural contact mapping.",
  journal =      "Pacing Clin Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2004",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "570--578",
  robnote =      "It is not clear whether the noncontact electrograms
                 obtained using the EnSite system in the left ventricle
                 resemble most closely endocardial, intramural, or
                 epicardial contact electrograms or a summation of
                 transmural electrograms. This study compared unipolar
                 virtual electrograms from the EnSite system with
                 unipolar contact electrograms from transmural plunge
                 needle electrodes using a 256-channel mapping system.
                 The study also evaluated the effects of differing
                 activation sites (endocardial, intramural, or
                 epicardial). A grid of 50-60 plunge needles was
                 positioned in the left ventricles of eight male sheep.
                 Correlations between contact and noncontact
                 electrograms were calculated on 32,242 electrograms.
                 Noncontact electrograms correlated equally well in
                 morphology and accuracy of timing with endocardial
                 (0.88 +/- 0.15), intramural (0.87 +/- 0.15), epicardial
                 (0.88 +/- 0.15), and transmural summation contact
                 electrograms (0.89 +/- 0.14) during sinus rhythm,
                 endocardial pacing, and epicardial pacing. There was a
                 nonlinear relationship between noncontact electrogram
                 accuracy as measured by correlation with the contact
                 electrogram and distance from the multielectrode array
                 (MEA): beyond 40 mm accuracy decreased rapidly. The
                 accuracy of noncontact electrograms also decreased with
                 increasing distance from the equator of the MEA.
                 Virtual electrograms from noncontact mapping of normal
                 left ventricles probably represent a summation of
                 transmural activation. Noncontact mapping has similar
                 accuracy with either endocardial or epicardial sites of
                 origin of electrical activity provided the MEA is
                 within 40 mm of the recording site.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Mar 12 13:30:51 2006",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Thi2015,
  author =       "A. Thielscher and A. Antunes and G.B.
                 Saturnino",
  booktitle =    "2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE
                 Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)",
  title =        "Field modeling for transcranial magnetic stimulation:
                 A useful tool to understand the physiological effects
                 of TMS?",
  year =         "2015",
  volume =       "",
  number =       "",
  pages =        "222--225",
  keywords =     "bioelectric phenomena;finite element
                 analysis;transcranial magnetic stimulation;field
                 modeling;transcranial magnetic
                 stimulation;physiological effects;TMS;electric field
                 calculations;realistic head models;model
                 uncertainties;physiological stimulation effects;tDCS
                 simulation;finite-element methods;FEM;SimNIBS;Magnetic
                 heads;Brain modeling;Coils;Electric fields;Head;Finite
                 element analysis;Electrodes;Computer Simulation;Finite
                 Element Analysis;Head;Humans;Software;Transcranial
                 Magnetic Stimulation",
  DOI =          "10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318340",
  ISSN =         "1094-687X",
  month =        aug,
}

@Article{RSM:Tho2004,
  author =       "R. E. Thornhill and F. S. Prato and G. Wisenberg and
                 G. R. Moran and J. Sykes",
  title =        "Determining the extent to which delayed-enhancement
                 images reflect the partition-coefficient of Gd-{DTPA}
                 in canine studies of reperfused and unreperfused
                 myocardial infarction",
  journal =      "Magn Reson Med",
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1069--79",
  year =         "2004",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho84,
  author =       "R.A. Thomas",
  title =        "Using Comments to Aid Program Maintenance",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1984",
  month =        may,
  pages =        "415--422",
  robnote =      "Complex software can be maintained more easily by the
                 judicious use of remarks embedded within program code.
                 A good document which all software engineers should be
                 forced to memorize and work by! The joy of
                 documentation is made palatable and necessary here.,
                 CompSoft070",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho86,
  author =       "B. Thomas",
  title =        "The Runge Kutta Methods",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "191--210",
  robnote =      "Approximating solutions to ODE's, numerical methods,
                 differential equations, mathematical modelling,
                 integration, CompSoft028",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho86b,
  author =       "T. Thompson and D. Allen",
  title =        "The Compaq Deskpro 386",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        nov,
  pages =        "83--90",
  robnote =      "A review of one of the first 386 machines, the Compaq
                 deskpro., CompHard105",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Tho87,
  author =       "C.W. Thomas and K. Laurita and M. Kavuru and H.
                 Vesselle and D. Lee and G. Sun and W.P. Huebner",
  title =        "Biopotential Mapping System Description",
  year =         "1987",
  robnote =      "A technical description of the mapping system used for
                 surface mapping at Case Western University (Yoram
                 Rudi), electronics., BSPM023",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho88,
  author =       "T. Thompson and N. Baran",
  title =        "The Ne{XT} Computer",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1988",
  month =        nov,
  pages =        "158--175",
  robnote =      "A review, the first I read, on the new computer from
                 Steve Jobs, the NeXT computer; looks like a very
                 impressive machine. workstation, UNIX, C-language.,
                 CompHard115",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho89,
  author =       "D. Thomas",
  title =        "What's in an Object?",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        mar,
  pages =        "231--240",
  robnote =      "A look at object oriented programming. This one
                 defines all the terms and even gives some examples of
                 how easy problems can be solved using OOPS.,
                 CompSoft153",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho89b,
  author =       "T. Thompson",
  title =        "The Next Step",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        mar,
  pages =        "265--271",
  robnote =      "Object oriented programming for the Next computer and
                 the user interface, NextStep, OOPS, CompSoft156",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho90c,
  author =       "R. Thomas",
  title =        "Tools for all reasons",
  journal =      j-UW,
  year =         "1990",
  pages =        "147--154",
  month =        nov,
  robnote =      "nroff amd troff formating, making makefiles, and a
                 secure dial up password changer.",
}

@Article{RSM:Tho91,
  author =       "R. Thomas",
  title =        "Analog clock, holiday notification, file
                 dependencies",
  journal =      j-UW,
  year =         "1991",
  pages =        "141--147",
  month =        jul,
}

@Article{RSM:Thr94,
  author =       "R. Throne and L. Olsen",
  title =        "A generalized eigensystem aproach to the inverse
                 problem of electrocardiography",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "41",
  pages =        "592--600",
  robnote =      "First of a series of Throne and Olsen papers on the
                 generalized eigensystem approach; compare it to SVD and
                 Tikhonov regularization methods.",
}

@Article{RSM:Thr95,
  author =       "R. Throne and L. Olsen",
  title =        "The effect of errors in assumed conductivities and
                 geometry on numerical solutions to the inverse problem
                 of electrocardiography",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1995",
  volume =       "42",
  OPTpages =     "1192--1200",
  robnote =      "Applied the generalized eigensystem approach to the
                 eccentric spheres data from Yoram.",
}

@Article{RSM:Thr97,
  author =       "R.D. Throne and L.G. Olson and T.J. Hrabik and J.R.
                 Windle",
  title =        "Generalized eigensystem techniques for the inverse
                 problem of electrocardiography applied to a realistic
                 heart-torso geometry",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "447",
  robnote =      "Application of the previously published method to
                 Bruno's tank potential data",
}

@Article{RSM:Thy2007,
  author =       "K. Thygesen and J.S. Alpert and H.D. White on behalf
                 of the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the
                 Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction",
  title =        "Universal definition of myocardial infarction.",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "2007",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "116",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "2634--2653",
  robnote =      "",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 17 07:28:35 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Tie83,
  author =       "G. Tiesler and F. Stroever and J. Berndt",
  title =        "Software zur {A}nalyse von {P}arametern der
                 psychophysischen {B}eanspruchung aus
                 {L}angzeit-{EKG}-{A}ufzeichnungen",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1983",
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "2--9",
  robnote =      "ecg, computer processing, longterm ECG, heart rate,
                 arrhythmias, ECG010",
}

@Article{RSM:Tie89,
  author =       "A.J. Tiefenbrunn and B.E. Sobel",
  title =        "The impact of coronary thrombolysis on myocardial
                 infarction",
  journal =      "Fibrinolysis",
  year =         "1989",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "1--15",
  robnote =      "review of thrombolysis in treating MI",
}

@Book{RSM:Tik77,
  author =       "A. Tikhonov and V. Arsenin",
  title =        "Solution of Ill-posed Problems",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "Winston",
  address =      "Washington, DC",
  year =         "1977",
  robnote =      "The reference everyone uses for the regularization
                 methods thesis, TorsoModel057",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Til84,
  author =       "H. Tillmanns and W. Kuebler",
  title =        "What Happens in the Microcirculation",
  booktitle =    "Therapeutic Approches to Myocardial Infarct Size
                 Limitation",
  editor =       "D.J. Hearse and D.M. Yellon",
  publisher =    "Raven Press",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1984",
  pages =        "107--124",
  robnote =      "A look at the actual microcirculation using the
                 fluorescence microscopy they described earlier in a
                 paper (ischemia22). coronary circulation.,
                 Ischemia025",
}

@Article{RSM:Til97,
  author =       "B. Tilg and J. Nenonen and G. Lafer and G. Fischer and
                 P. Wach and T. Katila",
  title =        "A comparison study on source imaging from {MCG} and
                 {BSP} data",
  journal =      j-BMT,
  year =         "1997",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =      "Another paper from the Graz group. They are looking
                 for activation times on the epicardial surface, using
                 both ECG and MCG techniques",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 20:16:40 1998",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Til99,
  author =       "B. Tilg and P. Wach and A. Sippensgroenewegen and G.
                 Fischer and R. Modre and F. Roithinger and M. Mlynash
                 and G. Reddy and T. Roberts and M. Lesh and P.
                 Steiner",
  title =        "Closed chest validation of source imaging from human
                 {ECG} and {MCR} mapping",
  booktitle =    c-EMBS99,
  year =         "1999",
  pages =        "275",
  publisher =    "IEEE Press",
  robnote =      "A nice validation study of atrial and ventricular
                 activation times using the CARTO system and BSPM.
                 inverse problems.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 29 22:39:45 1999",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tin2001,
  author =       "G.T. Tines",
  title =        "The bidomain model for simulating the electrical
                 activity of the heart",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the SIAM Annual General Conference",
  year =         "2001",
  robnote =      "SIAM paper from the Norwegian group. complete heart
                 model and forward solution",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 25 22:59:14 2002",
}

@Article{RSM:Tom99,
  author =       "M. Tomita and K. Hashimoto and K. Takahashi and T.S.
                 Shimizu and Y. Matsuzaki and F. Miyoshi and K. Saito
                 and S. Tanida and K. Yugi and J.C. Venter and C.A.
                 Hutchison",
  title =        "{E}-{CELL}: software environment for whole-cell
                 simulation",
  journal =      "Bioinformatics",
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "72--84",
  robnote =      "systems biology software system",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 15 16:58:26 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Tom99a,
  author =       "F. Tomai and F. Crea and L. Chiariello and P.A.
                 Gioffr\`e",
  title =        "Ischemic preconditioning in humans: models, mediators
                 and clinical relevance",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1999",
  volume =       "100",
  pages =        "559--563",
}

@Article{RSM:Top2006,
  author =       "L. F. Tops and J. J. Bax and K. Zeppenfeld and M. R.
                 Jongbloed and E. E. van der Wall and M. J. Schalij",
  title =        "Effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial
                 fibrillation on left atrial cavity size",
  journal =      "Am J Cardiol",
  volume =       "97",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1220--2",
  abstract =     "Left atrial (LA) remodeling is associated with atrial
                 fibrillation (AF). Radiofrequency catheter ablation
                 offers a good treatment option for AF, with reasonable
                 long-term results. The purpose of the present study was
                 to assess whether LA reverse remodeling occurs after
                 successful catheter ablation. Fifty-seven consecutive
                 patients (45 men; age 53 +/- 8 years) with symptomatic
                 drug-refractory AF were treated with radiofrequency
                 catheter ablation. The patients were divided into 2
                 groups on the basis of AF recurrence as determined by
                 Holter monitoring and 12-lead electrocardiographic
                 findings at 6 weeks and 3 months of follow-up (sinus
                 rhythm [SR] group, no recurrence; AF group, AF
                 recurrence). At baseline and 3 months of follow-up,
                 2-dimensional echocardiography was performed to assess
                 LA size and dimensions. Furthermore, LA volumes were
                 measured at end-systole and end-diastole. After 3
                 months, 39 of 57 patients (68\%) maintained SR. At 3
                 months of follow-up, the LA anteroposterior diameter
                 showed a significant reduction in the SR group (4.5+/-
                 0.3 vs 4.2 +/- 0.2 cm, p <0.01), and an additional
                 increase was observed in the AF group (4.5+/- 0.3 vs
                 4.8 +/- 0.3 cm, p <0.05). Furthermore, the LA
                 end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes decreased
                 significantly in the SR group from baseline to
                 follow-up (59 +/- 12 vs 50 +/- 11 ml, p <0.01, and 37
                 +/- 9 vs 31 +/- 7 ml, p <0.01, respectively). However,
                 a tendency toward an increase in LA volumes was
                 observed in the AF group. In conclusion, the results of
                 this study have demonstrated that LA reverse remodeling
                 occurs after successful radiofrequency catheter
                 ablation for AF.",
  year =         "2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Top2008,
  author =       "L.F. Tops and M.J. Schalij and D.W. den Uijl and T.P.
                 Abraham and H. Calkins and J.J. Bax",
  title =        "Image integration in catheter ablation of atrial
                 fibrillation.",
  journal =      "Europace",
  year =         "2008",
  month =        nov,
  volume =       "10 Suppl 3",
  pages =        "iii48--iii56",
  robnote =      "Over the past few years, integration of different
                 imaging modalities to guide catheter ablation
                 procedures for atrial fibrillation has become possible.
                 Various strategies are nowadays available that allow
                 integration of the anatomical information provided by
                 fluoroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance
                 imaging, or intracardiac echocardiography with the
                 information provided by electroanatomic mapping. This
                 review discusses the different image integration
                 techniques, and an overview of the clinical experience
                 with these systems will be provided. In addition,
                 factors that may affect the accuracy of the image
                 integration process will be addressed. Finally, the
                 effect of image integration on procedural
                 characteristics and outcome will be reviewed.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 6 20:47:12 2009",
}

@Book{RSM:Tou74,
  author =       "J. T. Tou and R. C. Gonzalez",
  title =        "Pattern Recognition Principles",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  year =         "1974",
  annote =       "chap 7 has a detail description of Karhunen-Loeve
                 method and Covariance Matrix, lots of basics.
                 ROK-thesis",
}

@Article{RSM:Toy81,
  author =       "H. Toyoshima and R.L. Lux and R.F. Wyatt and M.J.
                 Burgess and J.A. Abildskov",
  title =        "Sequences of Early and Late Phases of Repolarization
                 on Dog Ventricular Epicardium",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1981",
  volume =       "14",
  pages =        "143--152",
  robnote =      "A look at recovery sequence (vs. activation sequences,
                 which have been studied by many) and the dependence of
                 recovery on either a) activation, and b) AP duration.
                 It seems for this dog model that the naterior surface
                 is determined by activation and the posterior more by
                 AP duration. Salt Lake paper., Prop042",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra2002,
  author =       "N. Trayanova and J. Eason",
  title =        "Shock-induced arrhythmogenesis in the myocardium.",
  journal =      "Chaos",
  year =         "2002",
  month =        sep,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "962--972",
  robnote =      "The focus of this article is the investigation of the
                 electrical behavior of the normal myocardium following
                 the delivery of high-strength defibrillation shocks. To
                 achieve its goal, the study employs a complex
                 three-dimensional defibrillation model of a slice of
                 the canine heart characterized with realistic geometry
                 and fiber architecture. Failed shocks are characterized
                 with one or more PSs that survive the initial period of
                 PS annihilation to establish a new postshock
                 arrhythmia. The increase in shock strength results in
                 an overall decrease of the number of PSs that survive
                 over 200 ms after the end of the shock; however, the
                 exact behavior of the PSs is strongly dependent on the
                 shock electrode configuration. (c) 2002 American
                 Institute of Physics.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 7 20:42:52 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra2003,
  author =       "N.A. Trayanova and R.A. Gray and D.W. Bourn and J.C.
                 Eason",
  title =        "Virtual electrode-induced positive and negative graded
                 responses: new insights into fibrillation induction and
                 defibrillation",
  journal =      j-JCE,
  year =         "2003",
  month =        jul,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "756--763",
  robnote =      "",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 7 20:42:52 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra2004,
  author =       "J.V. Tranquillo and M.R. Franz and B.C. Knollmann and
                 A.P. Henriquez and D.A. Taylor and C.S. Henriquez",
  title =        "Genesis of the monophasic action potential: role of
                 interstitial resistance and boundary gradients.",
  journal =      j-AJP,
  year =         "2004",
  month =        apr,
  volume =       "286",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "H1370--H1381",
  robnote =      "The extracellular potential at the site of a
                 mechanical deformation has been shown to resemble the
                 underlying transmembrane action potential, providing a
                 minimally invasive way to access membrane dynamics. The
                 biophysical factors underlying the genesis of this
                 signal, however, are still poorly understood. With the
                 use of data from a recent experimental study in a
                 murine heart, a three-dimensional anisotropic bidomain
                 model of the mouse ventricular free wall was developed
                 to study the currents and potentials resulting from the
                 application of a point mechanical load on cardiac
                 tissue. The applied pressure is assumed to open
                 nonspecific pressure-sensitive channels depolarizing
                 the membrane, leading to monophasic currents at the
                 electrode edge that give rise to the monophasic action
                 potential (MAP). The results show that the magnitude
                 and the time course of the MAP are reproduced only for
                 certain combinations of local or global intracellular
                 and interstitial resistances that form a resting tissue
                 length constant that, if applied over the entire
                 domain, is smaller than that required to match the wave
                 speed. The results suggest that the application of
                 pressure not only causes local depolarization but also
                 changes local tissue properties, both of which appear
                 to play a critical role in the genesis of the MAP.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 20 07:50:07 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra2005,
  author =       "J.V. Tranquillo and D.O. Burwell and C.S. Henriquez",
  title =        "Analytical model of extracellular potentials in a
                 tissue slab with a finite bath.",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "2005",
  month =        feb,
  volume =       "52",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "334--338",
  robnote =      "Extracellular potentials are often used to assess the
                 activation and repolarization of transmembrane action
                 potentials in cardiac tissue under a variety of
                 experimental conditions. An analytical model of the
                 extracellular potentials arising from a planar
                 wavefront propagating in a three-dimensional slab of
                 cardiac tissue with a variably thick adjacent volume
                 conductor or bath is presented. Starting with the
                 transmembrane potential, the model yields the
                 extracellular potentials at various points in the bath
                 and inside tissue. The results show that the analytical
                 model produces signal timecourses with trivial
                 computational costs that are similar to those computed
                 from a full reaction-diffusion bidomain model with
                 different bath thicknesses for tissue with uniform
                 properties and for tissue with an abrupt ionic
                 inhomogeneity.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 20 07:50:07 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra2006,
  author =       "N. Trayanova",
  title =        "Defibrillation of the heart: insights into mechanisms
                 from modelling studies",
  journal =      "Exp. Physiol.",
  year =         "2006",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "91",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "323--337",
  robnote =      "Despite its critical role in restoring cardiac rhythm
                 and thus in saving human life, cardiac defibrillation
                 remains poorly understood. Further mechanistic inquiry
                 is hampered by the inability of presently available
                 experimental techniques to resolve, with sufficient
                 accuracy, electrical behaviour confined to the depth of
                 the ventricles. The objective of this review article is
                 to demonstrate that realistic 3-D simulations of the
                 ventricular defibrillation process in close conjunction
                 with experimental observations are capable of bringing
                 a new level of understanding of the electrical events
                 that ensue from the interaction between fibrillating
                 myocardium and applied shock. The article does this by
                 reviewing the results of two studies, one on
                 vulnerability to electric shocks and another on
                 defibrillation. An overview of the modelling tools used
                 in these studies is also provided.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 7 20:42:52 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra2012,
  author =       "N.A. Trayanova and T. O'Hara and J.D. Bayer and P.M.
                 Boyle and K.S. McDowell and J. Constantino and H.J.
                 Arevalo and Y. Hu and F. Vadakkumpadan",
  title =        "Computational cardiology: {H}ow computer simulations could
                 be used to develop new therapies and advance existing
                 ones",
  journal =      "Europace",
  year =         "2012",
  month =        "Nov.",
  volume =       "14 Suppl 5",
  pages =        "v82--v89",
  robnote =      "This article reviews the latest developments in
                 computational cardiology. It focuses on the contribution
                 of cardiac modelling to the development of new therapies
                 as well as the advancement of existing ones for cardiac
                 arrhythmias and pump dysfunction. Reviewed are cardiac
                 modelling efforts aimed at advancing and optimizing
                 existent therapies for cardiac disease (defibrillation,
                 ablation of ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac
                 resynchronization therapy) and at suggesting novel
                 treatments, including novel molecular targets, as well as
                 efforts to use cardiac models in stratification of
                 patients likely to benefit from a given therapy, and the
                 use of models in diagnostic procedures.",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 3 08:29:44 2015",
  pmcid =        "PMC3482619",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra2017,
  author =       "N.A. Trayanova and F. Pashakhanloo and K.C. Wu and H.R.
                 Halperin",
  title =        "Imaging-Based Simulations for Predicting Sudden Death and
                 Guiding Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation.",
  journal =      "Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol",
  year =         "2017",
  month =        "Jul",
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "7",
  robnote =       "",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 21:36:24 2018",
  pmcid =        "PMC5543810",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra56,
  author =       "W. Trautwein and J. Dudel",
  title =        "{A}ktionspotential und {K}ontraktion des {H}erzmuskels
                 im {S}auerstoffmangel",
  journal =      j-PAP,
  year =         "1956",
  volume =       "263",
  pages =        "23--32",
  robnote =      "This is a really old classic paper from Trautwein on
                 changes in AP during hypoxia. Uses papillary muscle
                 from cat and looks at both contraction and AP changes.
                 thesis, CardCell020",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra90,
  author =       "N.A. Trayanova and C.S. Henriquez and R. Plonsey",
  title =        "Limitations of approximate solutions for computing the
                 extracellular potential of single fibers and bundle
                 equivalents",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--35",
  robnote =      "This paper examines and compares the rigorous and
                 conventional approximate solutions of Laplace's
                 equation used to evaluate the extracellular potential
                 of a single, cylindrical fiber. The approximate
                 solutions are unsatisfactory for computing the surface
                 extracellular potential when the single fiber is used
                 to represent a large bundle (greater than 300
                 microns)",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra96,
  author =       "L. Trahms and G. Curio and D. Drung and W. Mueller",
  title =        "Cardiomagnetic and Neuromagnetic Applications of
                 Nitrogen Cooled {SQUID}s",
  journal =      j-MBEC,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "34",
  pages =        "53",
  robnote =      "no hard copy, meg, mapping",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 22 13:32:03 1998",
}

@Article{RSM:Tra98,
  author =       "N. Trayanova and K. Skouibine and F. Aguel",
  title =        "The role of cardiac tissue structure in
                 defibrillation",
  journal =      "Chaos",
  year =         "1998",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "221--233",
  robnote =      "The purpose of this paper is to investigate the
                 relationship between cardiac tissue structure, applied
                 electric field, and the transmembrane potential induced
                 in the process of defibrillation. Tissue
                 inhomogeneities also contribute to local membrane
                 polarization in the myocardium which is superimposed
                 over the large-scale polarization associated with the
                 fibrous organization of the myocardium. The paper
                 presents simulation results that illustrate various
                 mechanisms by which cardiac tissue structure assists
                 the changes in transmembrane potential throughout the
                 myocardium. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 7 20:42:52 2007",
}

@Article{RSM:Tre2005,
  author =       "M. Trew and I. Le Grice and B. Smaill and A. Pullan",
  title =        "A finite volume method for modeling discontinuous
                 electrical activation in cardiac tissue",
  journal =      j-ABE,
  year =         "2005",
  month =        may,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "590--602",
  robnote =      "This paper describes a finite volume method for
                 modeling electrical activation in a sample of cardiac
                 tissue using the bidomain equations. Microstructural
                 features to the level of cleavage planes between sheets
                 of myocardial fibers in the tissue are explicitly
                 represented. The key features of this implementation
                 compared to previous modeling are that it represents
                 physical discontinuities without the implicit removal
                 of intracellular volume and it generates linear systems
                 of equations that are computationally efficient to
                 construct and solve. Results obtained using this method
                 highlight how the understanding of discontinuous
                 activation in cardiac tissue can form a basis for
                 better understanding defibrillation processes and
                 experimental recordings.",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 6 17:12:22 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Tre2005b,
  author =       "M.L. Trew and B.H. Smaill and D.P. Bullivant and P.J.
                 Hunter and A.J. Pullan",
  title =        "A generalized finite difference method for modeling
                 cardiac electrical activation on arbitrary, irregular
                 computational meshes.",
  journal =      "Math Biosci",
  year =         "2005",
  month =        dec,
  volume =       "198",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "169--189",
  robnote =      "A generalized finite difference (GFD) method is
                 presented that can be used to solve the bi-domain
                 equations modeling cardiac electrical activity.
                 Classical finite difference methods have been applied
                 by many researchers to the bi-domain equations.
                 However, these methods suffer from the limitation of
                 requiring computational meshes that are structured and
                 orthogonal. Finite element or finite volume methods
                 enable the bi-domain equations to be solved on
                 unstructured meshes, although implementations of such
                 methods do not always cater for meshes with varying
                 element topology. The GFD method solves the bi-domain
                 equations on arbitrary and irregular computational
                 meshes without any need to specify element basis
                 functions. The method is useful as it can be easily
                 applied to activation problems using existing meshes
                 that have originally been created for use by finite
                 element or finite difference methods. In addition, the
                 GFD method employs an innovative approach to enforcing
                 nodal and non-nodal boundary conditions. The GFD method
                 performs effectively for a range of two and
                 three-dimensional test problems and when computing
                 bi-domain electrical activation moving through a fully
                 anisotropic three-dimensional model of canine
                 ventricles.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 30 09:09:33 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Tre2006,
  author =       "M.L. Trew and B.J. Caldwell and G.B. Sands and D.A.
                 Hooks and D.C. Tai and T.M. Austin and I.J. LeGrice and
                 A.J. Pullan and B.H. Smaill",
  title =        "Cardiac electrophysiology and tissue structure:
                 bridging the scale gap with a joint measurement and
                 modelling paradigm.",
  journal =      "Exp Physiol",
  year =         "2006",
  month =        mar,
  volume =       "91",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "355--370",
  robnote =      "Significant tissue structures exist in cardiac
                 ventricular tissue that are of supracellular dimension.
                 It is hypothesized that these tissue structures
                 contribute to the discontinuous spread of electrical
                 activation, may contribute to arrhymogenesis and also
                 provide a substrate for effective cardioversion.
                 However, the influences of these mesoscale tissue
                 structures in intact ventricular tissue are difficult
                 to understand solely on the basis of experimental
                 measurement. Current measurement technology is able to
                 record at both the macroscale tissue level and the
                 microscale cellular or subcellular level, but to date
                 it has not been possible to obtain large volume, direct
                 measurements at the mesoscales. To bridge this scale
                 gap in experimental measurements, we use
                 tissue-specific structure and mathematical modelling.
                 Our models have enabled us to consider key hypotheses
                 regarding discontinuous activation. We also consider
                 the future developments of our intact tissue
                 experimental programme.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 20 08:36:59 2006",
}

@InProceedings{RSM:Tri2007,
  author =       "J.K. Triedman and M. Jolley and R.S. MacLeod and J.G.
                 Stinstra and D.H. Brooks and S. Pieper",
  title =        "A system for image based finite element modeling of
                 novel defibrillation strategies",
  booktitle =    "IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications
                 Workshop (LISSA 2007)",
  year =         "2007",
  organization = "IEEE",
  publisher =    "IEEE",
  robnote =      "defib paper",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 27 16:51:37 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Tri2008,
  author =       "J.K. Triedman and M. Jolley and J. Stinstra and D.H.
                 Brooks and R.S. MacLeod",
  title =        "Predictive modeling of defibrillation using hexahedral
                 and tetrahedral finite element models: recent advances",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "2008",
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "483--486",
  robnote =      "In this article,
                 we review recently published studies by our group using
                 such models and progress in meshing strategies to improve
                 efficiency and visualization. Our preliminary observations
                 predict that they may be large changes in defibrillation
                 thresholds with clinically relevant variations of
                 electrode placement. Extracardiac ICDs of various lead
                 configurations are predicted to be effective in both
                 children and adults. This approach may aid both ICD
                 development and patient-specific optimization of electrode
                 placement, but the simplified nature of current models
                 dictates further development and validation before
                 clinical or industrial use.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 24 09:42:31 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Tri96,
  author =       "J.K. Triedman and K.J. Jenkins and S.D. Colan and J.P.
                 Saul and E.P. Walsh",
  title =        "High-density endocardial activation mapping of the
                 right atrium in three dimensions by composition of
                 multielectrode catheter recordings",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "Suppl",
  pages =        "234--240",
  robnote =      "atrial fibrillation, mapping,basket catheter",
}

@Article{RSM:Tsa2005,
  author =       "H. M. Tsao and M. H. Wu and B. H. Huang and S. H. Lee
                 and K. T. Lee and C. T. Tai and Y. K. Lin and M. H.
                 Hsieh and J. Y. Kuo and M. H. Lei and S. A. Chen",
  title =        "Morphologic remodeling of pulmonary veins and left
                 atrium after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation:
                 insight from long-term follow-up of three-dimensional
                 magnetic resonance imaging",
  journal =      "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--12",
  year =         "2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Tse90,
  author =       "Y.Z. Tseng and C.D. Tseng and H.M. Lo and F.T. Chiang
                 and K.L. Hsu and T.L. Wu",
  title =        "The value of body surface potential maps in detecting
                 abnormal ventricular wall motion",
  journal =      j-JE,
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "23",
  month =        apr,
  pages =        "127--136",
  robnote =      "BSPM, ventricular wall motion",
}

@Article{RSM:Tse91,
  author =       "J. Tsevat and M.C. Weinstein and L.W. Williams and
                 A.N.A. Tosteson and L. Goldman",
  title =        "Expected gains in life expectancy from various
                 coronary heart disease risk factor modifications",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "83",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1194--1201",
  robnote =      "No hard copy",
}

@Article{RSM:Tsi87,
  author =       "R.W. Tsien and P. Hess and B. Nilius",
  title =        "Cardiac Calcium Currents at the Level of Single
                 Channels",
  journal =      "Experientia",
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "43",
  pages =        "1169--1172",
  robnote =      "calcium channels, single channels, A look at the
                 properties of calcium channels seen through single
                 channel patch clamp measurements., CardCell014",
}

@Article{RSM:Tuc93,
  author =       "D.M. Tucker",
  title =        "Spatial sampling of head electrical fields: {T}he
                 geodesic sensor net",
  journal =      "Electroencephalogr. \& Clin. Neurophysiol.",
  year =         "1993",
  volume =       "87",
  pages =        "154--163",
  robnote =      "brain mapping electrode system",
}

@Article{RSM:Tuc94,
  author =       "D.M. Tucker and M. Liotti and G.P. Potts and G.S.
                 Russell and M.I. Posner",
  title =        "Spatiotemporal analysis of brain electrical fields",
  journal =      "Human Brain Mapping",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "134--152",
  robnote =      "",
}

@PhdThesis{RSM:Tun78,
  author =       "L. Tung",
  title =        "A Bidomain Model for describing ischemic myocardial
                 {DC} potentials",
  school =       "M.I.T.",
  year =         "1978",
  OPTaddress =   "Boston, MA",
  OPTmonth =     "",
  OPTtype =      "",
  OPTnote =      "",
  robnote =      "Les Tungs thesis on bidomain--no hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 24 09:47:17 2006",
}

@Article{RSM:Tur87,
  author =       "F.G. Turi and C.A. Campbell and M.V. Gottimukkala and
                 R.A. Kloner",
  title =        "Preservation of Distal Coronary Perfusion during
                 Prolonged Balloon Inflation with an Autoperfusion
                 Angioplasty Catheter",
  journal =      j-C,
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "7",
  pages =        "1273--1280",
  robnote =      "A neat idea to ensure that perfusion is not blocked
                 with the angioplasty balloon during inflation. A
                 channel down the centre of the catheter with holes at
                 both ends to allow the blood to flow through is the
                 technical method used. PTCA, autoperfusion catheter,
                 thesis., Ischemia035",
}

@Article{RSM:Two63,
  author =       "S. Twomey",
  title =        "On the Numerical Solution of {F}redholm Integral
                 Equations of the First Kind by the Inversion of the
                 Linear System Produced by Quadrature",
  journal =      j-ACM,
  year =         "1963",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "97--101",
  robnote =      "A paper referred to by many (Martin, Rudy, etc.) as
                 one of the first to do with damped least squares
                 inverse solutions. TorsoModel077 It actually includes
                 only brief mention of the technique for which Twomey is
                 best known. The main purpose of the paper was to
                 provide a new derivation of the regularization approach
                 described by Phillips in the same journal a year before
                 (see Phi62)",
}

@Article{RSM:Uij84,
  author =       "G.J. Uijen and A. Heringa and A. von Oosterom",
  title =        "Data reduction of body surface potential maps by means
                 of orthogonal expansions",
  journal =      j-BME,
  year =         "1984",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "706--714",
  robnote =      "Uses the KL transform, much as Bob did but then puts
                 all the potentials from a single case into a
                 super-vector, doing a one-step KL on space and time.
                 Nice explanation of the technique and also of why it is
                 not optimal in both time and space when done in the
                 2-step method.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 14 17:16:30 1997",
}

@Article{RSM:Ukw2015,
  author =       "E. Ukwatta and H. Arevalo and M. Rajchl and J. White and
                 F. Pashakhanloo and A. Prakosa and D.A. Herzka and E.
                 McVeigh and A.C. Lardo and N.A. Trayanova and F.
                 Vadakkumpadan",
  title =        "Image-based reconstruction of three-dimensional
                 myocardial infarct geometry for patient-specific modeling
                 of cardiac electrophysiology.",
  journal =      "Med Phys",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Aug",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "4579--4590",
  robnote =      "PURPOSE: Accurate three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction
                 of myocardial infarct geometry is crucial to
                 patient-specific modeling of the heart aimed at providing
                 therapeutic guidance in ischemic cardiomyopathy. However,
                 myocardial infarct imaging is clinically performed using
                 two-dimensional (2D) late-gadolinium enhanced cardiac
                 magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) techniques, and a method to
                 build accurate 3D infarct reconstructions from the 2D
                 LGE-CMR images has been lacking. The purpose of this study
                 was to address this need. METHODS: The authors developed a
                 novel methodology to reconstruct 3D infarct geometry from
                 segmented low-resolution (Lo-res) clinical LGE-CMR images.
                 Their methodology employed the so-called logarithm of odds
                 (LogOdds) function to implicitly represent the shape of
                 the infarct in segmented image slices as LogOdds maps.
                 These 2D maps were then interpolated into a 3D image, and
                 the result transformed via the inverse of LogOdds to a
                 binary image representing the 3D infarct geometry. To
                 assess the efficacy of this method, the authors utilized
                 39 high-resolution (Hi-res) LGE-CMR images, including 36
                 in vivo acquisitions of human subjects with prior
                 myocardial infarction and 3 ex vivo scans of canine hearts
                 following coronary ligation to induce infarction. The
                 infarct was manually segmented by trained experts in each
                 slice of the Hi-res images, and the segmented data were
                 downsampled to typical clinical resolution. The proposed
                 method was then used to reconstruct 3D infarct geometry
                 from the downsampled images, and the resulting
                 reconstructions were compared with the manually segmented
                 data. The method was extensively evaluated using metrics
                 based on geometry as well as results of
                 electrophysiological simulations of cardiac sinus rhythm
                 and ventricular tachycardia in individual hearts. Several
                 alternative reconstruction techniques were also
                 implemented and compared with the proposed method.
                 RESULTS: The accuracy of the LogOdds method in
                 reconstructing 3D infarct geometry, as measured by the
                 Dice similarity coefficient, was 82.10\% +/- 6.58\%, a
                 significantly higher value than those of the alternative
                 reconstruction methods. Among outcomes of
                 electrophysiological simulations with infarct
                 reconstructions generated by various methods, the
                 simulation results corresponding to the LogOdds method
                 showed the smallest deviation from those corresponding to
                 the manual reconstructions, as measured by metrics based
                 on both activation maps and pseudo-ECGs. CONCLUSIONS: The
                 authors have developed a novel method for reconstructing
                 3D infarct geometry from segmented slices of Lo-res
                 clinical 2D LGE-CMR images. This method outperformed
                 alternative approaches in reproducing expert manual 3D
                 reconstructions and in electrophysiological simulations.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 1 09:03:48 2018",
  pmcid =        "PMC4499050",
}

@Article{RSM:Ukw2015a,
  author =       "E. Ukwatta and H. Arevalo and K. Li and J. Yuan and W.
                 Qiu and P. Malamas and K.C. Wu and N.A. Trayanova and F.
                 Vadakkumpadan",
  title =        "Myocardial Infarct Segmentation from Magnetic Resonance
                 Images for Personalized Modeling of Cardiac
                 Electrophysiology.",
  journal =      "IEEE Trans Med Imaging",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Dec",
  pages =        "9",
  robnote =      "Accurate representation of myocardial infarct geometry is
                 crucial to patient-specific computational modeling of the
                 heart in ischemic cardiomyopathy. We have developed a
                 methodology for segmentation of left ventricular (LV)
                 infarct from clinically acquired, two-dimensional (2D),
                 late-gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance
                 (LGE-CMR) images, for personalized modeling of ventricular
                 electrophysiology. The infarct segmentation was expressed
                 as a continuous min-cut optimization problem, which was
                 solved using its dual formulation, the continuous max-flow
                 (CMF). The optimization objective comprised of a
                 smoothness term, and a data term that quantified the
                 similarity between image intensity histograms of segmented
                 regions and those of a set of training images. A manual
                 segmentation of the LV myocardium was used to initialize
                 and constrain the developed method. The three-dimensional
                 geometry of infarct was reconstructed from its
                 segmentation using an implicit, shapebased interpolation
                 method. The proposed methodology was extensively evaluated
                 using metrics based on geometry, and outcomes of
                 individualized electrophysiological simulations of cardiac
                 dys(function). Several existing LV infarct segmentation
                 approaches were implemented, and compared with the
                 proposed method. Our results demonstrated that the CMF
                 method was more accurate than the existing approaches in
                 reproducing expert manual LV infarct segmentations, and in
                 electrophysiological simulations. The infarct segmentation
                 method we have developed and comprehensively evaluated in
                 this study constitutes an important step in advancing
                 clinical applications of personalized simulations of
                 cardiac electrophysiology.",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 21:36:24 2018",
}

@Article{RSM:Und80,
  author =       "A.I. Undrovinas and A.V. Yushmanova and S. Hering and
                 L.V. Rosenshtraukh",
  title =        "Voltage Clamp Method on Single Cardiac Cells from
                 Adult Rat Heart",
  journal =      "Experientia",
  year =         "1980",
  volume =       "36",
  pages =        "572--574",
  robnote =      "Another sodium channel current recording during patch
                 clamp, this time using the ``Russian method'' and at
                 room temperature., CardCell029",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Unk02,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Introductory Flowcharts",
  journal =      "Notes from Introduction to computing course",
  year =         "",
  robnote =         "Just a blurb on flowcharts, showing all the symbols
                 and the rules for using them, CompSoft043",
}

@Unpublished{RSM:Unk02b,
  author =       "unknown",
  title =        "Potential Theory Formulation",
  editor =       "??",
  publisher =    "??",
  address =      "??",
  year =         "??",
  pages =        "??",
  robnote =         "Some notes that Milan used in an earlier version of
                 his Biomath course which go into the material in his
                 1973 paper in a bit more detail. It comes from a book,
                 but I don't know which., TorsoModel026",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Unk04,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data
                 Communication Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data
                 Interchange",
  booktitle =    "Data Communication Interfaces Standards",
  editor =       "",
  publisher =    "McGraw Hill",
  address =      "",
  year =         "unknown",
  robnote =         "Data interface standard for the RS-232 serial
                 interface., CompHard024",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk79,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "{HP} 41-{C} - Ein neuer Stern am Rechnerhmmel",
  journal =      "Elektronikschau",
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "38--53",
  robnote =      "A review of the HP 41-C after it first came out in
                 1979. Calculator., CompHard041",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk83,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Fernsehgeraet als Monitor, Scharfmacher",
  journal =      "Funkschau",
  year =         "1983",
  month =        aug,
  pages =        "84--84",
  robnote =      "how to add a video input to your TV for use as a
                 computer monitor, CompHard003",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk85,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Two's Complement Numbers Revisited",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1985",
  month =        jun,
  pages =        "230--231",
  robnote =      "A new tool for dealing with the fundamentals of number
                 storage, this article is not completely copied.
                 mathematical recreations, number systems, computer
                 storage of numbers, CompSoft031",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk86b,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Finite Element Analysis Primer",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1986",
  month =        jul,
  pages =        "148--150",
  robnote =      "A brief discussion of how finite element methods work,
                 a nice little article, numerical mathematics, numerical
                 methods, modelling., CompSoft033",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk87,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Inventor of Radical Ergonometric Keyboard Fights
                 Status Quo",
  journal =      "The Institute",
  year =         "1987",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "7--8",
  robnote =      "This brief article describes the keyboard proposed by
                 Stphen Hobday as an alternative to QWERTY keyboards,
                 bases on ergonomic design criteria. It also relates
                 what difficult times the inventor has had getting his
                 product to the market. Instructional., CompHard076",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk88,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Best of Bix",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1988",
  volume =       "IBM-edition",
  pages =        "209--210",
  robnote =      "A bit of useful info about how one goes about
                 configuring the second serial port on many of the
                 multi-I/O cards being used out there. COM2, UART,
                 CompHard094",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk89b,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "A Multiprocessing Monster",
  journal =      "Digital Review",
  year =         "1989",
  month =        oct,
  pages =        "29--31",
  robnote =      "A look at a new supercomputer (actually a supermini)
                 from Convex which ``leaves DEC in the dust and
                 approaches supercomputer performance''. review,
                 CompHard159",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk89c,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Graphics from the Lab",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        may,
  pages =        "84",
  robnote =      ", CompSoft133",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk89d,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Letters to Byte: Grep This",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1989",
  month =        jul,
  pages =        "42--43",
  robnote =      "A response to a question on UNIX for the PC.,
                 CompSoft136",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk89e,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "nu/{TPU} to the Rescue",
  journal =      "Digital Review",
  year =         "1989",
  month =        oct # " 23",
  pages =        "37--38",
  robnote =      "A review of the TPU editor for UNIX systems. Looks
                 pretty good., CompSoft163",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk90,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "1989 Annual Index",
  journal =      j-BYTE,
  year =         "1990",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "288C-288X",
  robnote =      "An index of all the articles in 1989 Byte issues.
                 Cross referenced all over the place., CompSoft170",
}

@Article{RSM:Unk90a,
  author =       "Unknown",
  title =        "Software for Smart Users",
  journal =      "Nature",
  year =         "1990",
  volume =       "343",
  month =        feb,
  pages =        "673--676",
  robnote =      "A set of short reviews on some new scientific
                 software: image analysis on the Mac, math and chemistry
                 text processing on the PC graphics programs for curve
                 fitting and 3D graphics, sigmaplot and others.,
                 CompSoft172",
}

@Article{RSM:Unv79,
  author =       "D.V. Unverferth and T.E. Willams and P.K. Fulkerson",
  title =        "Electrocardiographic voltage in pericardial effusion",
  journal =      "Chest",
  year =         "1979",
  volume =       "75",
  pages =        "157",
  robnote =      "A pepr referred to in clinical texts about ECG changes
                 during pericardial effusion, related to volume
                 conductor inhomogeneity and thus the forward and
                 inverse solution.",
}

@Article{RSM:Uss49,
  author =       "H.H. Ussing",
  title =        "The Distinction by Means of Tracers Between Active
                 Transport and Diffusion.",
  journal =      "unknown",
  year =         "1949",
  robnote =      "Another Ussing article about active transport from
                 Biophysics 5401., GenPhysiol028",
}

@Article{RSM:Uss50,
  author =       "H.H. Ussing and K. Zerahn",
  title =        "Active Transport of Sodium as the Source of Electrical
                 Current in the Short-circuited Isolated Frog Skin",
  journal =      "Acta Phys. Scandinav",
  year =         "unknown",
  volume =       "23",
  pages =        "111--127",
  robnote =      "Basics of active transport for Biophysics 5401
                 course., GenPhysiol027",
}

@Article{RSM:Usu98,
  author =       "T. Usui and A. Sugiyama and Y. Ishida and Y. Satoh and
                 Y. Sasaki and K. Hashimoto",
  title =        "Simultaneous assessment of the hemodynamic,
                 cardiomechanical, and electrophysiological effects of
                 terfenadine on the in vivo canine model.",
  journal =      "Heart Vessels",
  year =         "1998",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "49--57",
  robnote =      "Prolongation of the QT interval, sometimes leading to
                 torsades de pointes, has been clinically reported
                 during terfenadine treatment. However, information
                 regarding the cardiovascular profile of terfenadine is
                 still limited, particularly in in vivo animal models.
                 In the current study, we examined the cardiovascular
                 effects of terfenadine using halothane-anesthetized,
                 closed-chest in vivo canine models (n = 6) to better
                 simulate the clinical situation. Intravenous infusion
                 of 0.3 mg/kg of terfenadine over 10 min, which would
                 attain the antihistaminic plasma concentration, reduced
                 the heart rate and left ventricular contractility and
                 prolonged the repolarization period as well as the
                 ventricular effective refractory period. An additional
                 infusion of a ten times higher dose of terfenadine over
                 10 min caused hypotension and increased left
                 ventricular preload and atrioventricular conduction
                 time, in addition to potentiating the changes observed
                 by the lower dose. A reverse use-dependent prolongation
                 of the repolarization period was observed after the
                 higher dose infusion. Moreover, early
                 afterdepolarization-like potential was detected in four
                 out of six experiments. Since each suppressive effect
                 can become deleterious during terfenadine overdose,
                 caution must be taken for those patients with potential
                 cardiac dysfunction and with the risk of elevated
                 plasma drug concentrations.",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 29 13:43:13 2000",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Usy2003,
  author =       "T.P. Usyk and A.D. McCulloch",
  title =        "Computational methods for soft tissue biomechanics",
  booktitle =    "Biomechanics of soft tissue in cardiovascular
                 systems",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  year =         "2003",
  editor =       "G.A. Holzapfel and R.W. Ogden",
  pages =        "273--342",
  robnote =      "chapter on Continuity--no hard copy",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 11 19:15:26 2005",
}

@Article{RSM:Vad2008,
  author = 	 "F. Vadakkumpadan and L.J. Rantner and B. Tice and
		  B. Boyle and A.J. Prassl and E. Vigmond
		  and G. Plank and N.A. Trayanova",
  title = 	 "Image-Based Models of Cardiac Structure with
		  Applications in Arrhythmia and Defibrillation Studies",
  journal = 	 j-JE,
  year = 	 "2009",
  volume = 	 "42",
  number =	 "12",
  pages =	 "157--167",
  bibdate = 	 "Sat Dec 20 11:37:51 2008"
}

@Article{RSM:Vad2010,
  author = 	 "F. Vadakkumpadan and H. Arevalo and A.J. Prassl and J.
		  Chen and F. Kickinger and P. Kohl and G. Plank and
		  N.A. Trayanova",
  title = 	 "Image-Based Models of Cardiac Structure in
		  Health and Disease",
  journal = 	 "WIREs Syst Biol Med",
  year = 	 2010,
  volume = 	 2,
  number = 	 4,
  pages = 	 "489--506",
  note = 	 "defibrillation, model building, meshing ",
  bibdate = 	 "Sat Dec 20 11:37:51 2008",
}

@Article{RSM:Vad2012,
  author =       "F. Vadakkumpadan and N. Trayanova and L. Younes and K.C.
                 Wu",
  title =        "Left-ventricular shape analysis for predicting sudden
                 cardiac death risk.",
  journal =      "Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc",
  year =         "2012",
  volume =       "2012",
  pages =        "4067--4070",
  robnote =      "Implantation of cardioverter defibrillators is the most
                 widely used primary preventive care for sudden cardiac
                 death (SCD). Current clinical practice of using a
                 left-ventricular ejection fraction threshold as the sole
                 criterion for defibrillator insertion results in many
                 unnecessary implantations. To address the need for
                 alternative criteria, we seek three-dimensional shape
                 metrics of the left ventricle derived from clinical
                 cardiac magnetic resonance images that can predict SCD
                 risk. The present study is a proof-of-concept, where we
                 have combined image-processing and computational anatomy
                 techniques to develop a processing pipeline to
                 statistically compare localized left ventricular shape
                 metrics between patient groups. We tested the methodology
                 with data from a small cohort of patients, classified into
                 two groups based on SCD risk. The results demonstrate that
                 our approach is able to locate systematic wall thickness
                 differences between the two groups.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 14 09:37:51 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Vad2012a,
  author =       "F. Vadakkumpadan and H. Arevalo and C. Ceritoglu and M.
                 Miller and N. Trayanova",
  title =        "Image-based estimation of ventricular fiber orientations
                 for personalized modeling of cardiac electrophysiology.",
  journal =      j-TMI,
  year =         "2012",
  month =        "May",
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1051--1060",
  robnote =      "The objective of this project was
                 to develop a methodology to estimate cardiac fiber
                 orientations from in vivo images of patient heart
                 geometries. An accurate representation of ventricular
                 geometry and fiber orientations was reconstructed,
                 respectively, from high-resolution ex vivo structural
                 magnetic resonance (MR) and diffusion tensor (DT) MR
                 images of a normal human heart, referred to as the atlas.
                 Ventricular geometry of a patient heart was extracted, via
                 semiautomatic segmentation, from an in vivo computed
                 tomography (CT) image. Using image transformation
                 algorithms, the atlas ventricular geometry was deformed to
                 match that of the patient. Finally, the deformation field
                 was applied to the atlas fiber orientations to obtain an
                 estimate of patient fiber orientations. The accuracy of
                 the fiber estimates was assessed using six normal and
                 three failing canine hearts. The mean absolute difference
                 between inclination angles of acquired and estimated fiber
                 orientations was 15.4 degrees. Computational simulations
                 of ventricular activation maps and pseudo-ECGs in sinus
                 rhythm and ventricular tachycardia indicated that there
                 are no significant differences between estimated and
                 acquired fiber orientations at a clinically observable
                 level.",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 24 14:41:52 2012",
}

@Article{RSM:Vad2014,
  author =       "F. Vadakkumpadan and N. Trayanova and K.C. Wu",
  title =        "Image-based left ventricular shape analysis for sudden
                 cardiac death risk stratification.",
  journal =      "Heart Rhythm",
  year =         "2014",
  month =        "May",
  pages =        "Epub",
  robnote =      "To uncover
                 indices of left ventricular (LV) shape that differ between
                 patients with a high risk of SCD and those with a low
                 risk. By using clinical cardiac magnetic
                 resonance imaging and computational anatomy tools, a novel
                 computational framework to compare 3-dimensional LV
                 endocardial surface curvedness, wall thickness, and
                 relative wall thickness between patient groups was
                 implemented. The framework was applied to cardiac magnetic
                 resonance data of 61 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
                 who were selected for prophylactic implantable
                 cardioverter-defibrillator treatment on the basis of
                 reduced LVEF. Compared with patients with no
                 events, patients in groups 1 and 2 had lower mean shape
                 metrics in all coronary artery regions, with statistical
                 significance in 9 comparisons, reflecting wall thinning
                 and stretching/flattening. CONCLUSION: In patients with
                 ischemic cardiomyopathy and low LVEF, there exist
                 quantifiable differences in 3-dimensional endocardial
                 surface curvedness, LV wall thickness, and LV relative
                 wall thickness between those with no clinical events and
                 those with arrhythmic or heart failure outcomes,
                 reflecting adverse LV remodeling.",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 14 09:37:51 2014",
}

@Article{RSM:Val98,
  author =       "J. P. Vallee and H. D. Sostman and J. R. MacFall and
                 T. R. DeGrado and J. Zhang and L. Sebbag and F. R. Cobb
                 and T. Wheeler and L. W. Hedlund and Turkington T. G.
                 and C. E. Spritzer and R. E. Coleman",
  title =        "Quantification of myocardial perfusion by {MRI} after
                 coronary occlusion",
  journal =      "Magnetic Resonance in Medicine",
  year =         "1998",
  month =        aug,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "287--97",
}

@Article{RSM:Van2002,
  author =       "I. C. {Van Gelder} and V. E. Hagens and H. A. Bosker and
                 J. H. Kingma and O. Kamp and T. Kingma and S. A. Said
                 and J. I. Darmanata and A. J. Timmermans and J. G.
                 Tijssen and H. J. Crijns",
  title =        "A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in
                 patients with recurrent persistent atrial
                 fibrillation",
  journal =      j-NEJM,
  volume =       "347",
  number =       "23",
  pages =        "1834--1840",
  month  =       "Dec.",
  abstract =     "BACKGROUND: Maintenance of sinus rhythm is the main
                 therapeutic goal in patients with atrial fibrillation.
                 However, recurrences of atrial fibrillation and side
                 effects of antiarrhythmic drugs offset the benefits of
                 sinus rhythm. We hypothesized that ventricular rate
                 control is not inferior to the maintenance of sinus
                 rhythm for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
                 METHODS: We randomly assigned 522 patients who had
                 persistent atrial fibrillation after a previous
                 electrical cardioversion to receive treatment aimed at
                 rate control or rhythm control. Patients in the
                 rate-control group received oral anticoagulant drugs
                 and rate-slowing medication. Patients in the
                 rhythm-control group underwent serial cardioversions
                 and received antiarrhythmic drugs and oral
                 anticoagulant drugs. The end point was a composite of
                 death from cardiovascular causes, heart failure,
                 thromboembolic complications, bleeding, implantation of
                 a pacemaker, and severe adverse effects of drugs.
                 RESULTS: After a mean (+/-SD) of 2.3+/-0.6 years, 39
                 percent of the 266 patients in the rhythm-control group
                 had sinus rhythm, as compared with 10 percent of the
                 256 patients in the rate-control group. The primary end
                 point occurred in 44 patients (17.2 percent) in the
                 rate-control group and in 60 (22.6 percent) in the
                 rhythm-control group. The 90 percent (two-sided) upper
                 boundary of the absolute difference in the primary end
                 point was 0.4 percent (the prespecified criterion for
                 noninferiority was 10 percent or less). The
                 distribution of the various components of the primary
                 end point was similar in the rate-control and
                 rhythm-control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Rate control is not
                 inferior to rhythm control for the prevention of death
                 and morbidity from cardiovascular causes and may be
                 appropriate therapy in patients with a recurrence of
                 persistent atrial fibrillation after electrical
                 cardioversion.",
  keywords =     "Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use Aged
                 Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*therapeutic use
                 Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use Atrial
                 Fibrillation/complications/mortality/*therapy Calcium
                 Channel Blockers/therapeutic use Combined Modality
                 Therapy Disease-Free Survival *Electric Countershock
                 Female Heart Rate Humans Hypertension/complications
                 Male Recurrence Sex Factors",
  year =         "2002",
}

@InCollection{RSM:Van89,
  author =       "R.Th. Van Dam and M.J. Janse",
  title =        "Activation of the Heart",
  key =          "Activation of the Heart",
  booktitle =    "Comprehensive Electrocardiology",
  publisher =    pub-PER,
  year =         "1989",
  editor =       "Macfarlane P.W. and T.D. {Lawrie Veitch}",
  volume =       "2",
  chapter =      "4",
  pages =        "101--125",
}

@Article{RSM:Van96,
  author =       "I. C. Van Gelder and H. J. Crijns and R. G. Tieleman
                 and J. Brugemann and P. J. De Kam and A. T. Gosselink
                 and F. W. Verheugt and K. I. Lie",
  title =        "Chronic atrial fibrillation. Success of serial
                 cardioversion therapy and safety of oral
                 anticoagulation",
  journal =      "Arch Intern Med",
  volume =       "156",
  number =       "22",
  pages =        "2585--2592",
  abstract =     "BACKGROUND: Serial electrical cardioversion is often
                 used for treatment of atrial fibrillation, but its
                 long-term efficacy has not been determined
                 prospectively. OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term
                 success rate of the serial electrical cardioversion
                 approach in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation,
                 to identify factors that predict its success, and to
                 assess the efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulation
                 in these patients. METHODS: Patients with chronic (> 24
                 hours) atrial fibrillation received anticoagulant
                 therapy for at least 4 weeks prior to electrical
                 cardioversion. No prophylactic antiarrhythmic agent was
                 given after the first shock. Relapses were managed by
                 using repeated cardioversions, after which serial
                 antiarrhythmic drug therapy was started. Treatment with
                 anticoagulants was withdrawn after 4 weeks of sinus
                 rhythm. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six patients were
                 followed up for a mean +/- SD of 3.7 +/- 1.6 years. The
                 actuarial cumulative percentages of patients who
                 maintained sinus rhythm after serial cardioversion
                 treatment was 42\% and 27\% after 1 and 4 years,
                 respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that factors
                 that were associated with failure of this approach
                 included duration of atrial fibrillation that exceeded
                 36 months (risk ratio, 5.0; P <.001), poor exercise
                 tolerance (functional class III; risk ratio, 1.8; P
                 =.001), and age older than 56 years (risk ratio, 1.5; P
                 =.04). The anticoagulation level (international
                 normalized ratio, 2.4-4.8) was associated with an
                 incidence of thromboembolic events and bleeding
                 complications of 0.2\% and 1.5\%, respectively.
                 CONCLUSIONS: Many patients with chronic atrial
                 fibrillation failed to respond to the serial electrical
                 cardioversion strategy. However, in younger patients
                 with a fair exercise tolerance and a duration of atrial
                 fibrillation shorter than 36 months, this approach may
                 be worthwhile. In addition, thromboembolic events were
                 infrequent in the patients who were subjected to this
                 regimen.",
  keywords =     "Administration, Oral Aged
                 Anticoagulants/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
                 Atrial Fibrillation/complications/drug therapy/*therapy
                 Cardiovascular Diseases/complications Chronic Disease
                 *Electric Countershock/methods Female Humans Incidence
                 Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Proportional
                 Hazards Models Treatment Outcome",
  year =         "1996",
}

@Article{RSM:Var2015,
  author =       "N. Varma and S. Ploux and P. Ritter and B. Wilkoff and R.
                 Eschalier and P. Bordachar",
  title =        "Noninvasive mapping of electrical dyssynchrony in heart
                 failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy.",
  journal =      "Card Electrophysiol Clin",
  year =         "2015",
  month =        "Mar",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "125--134",
  robnote =      "Causes for diverse effects of cardiac resynchronization
                 therapy (CRT) are poorly understood. Because CRT is an
                 electrical therapy, it may be best understood by detailed
                 characterization of electrical substrate and its
                 interaction with pacing. Electrocardiogram (ECG) features
                 affect CRT outcomes. However, the surface ECG reports
                 rudimentary electrical data. In contrast, noninvasive
                 electrocardiographic imaging provides high-resolution
                 single-beat ventricular mapping. Several complex
                 characteristics of electrical substrate, not decipherable
                 from the 12-lead ECG, are linked to CRT effect. CRT
                 response may be improved by candidate selection and left
                 ventricular lead placement directed by more precise
                 electrical evaluation, on an individual patient basis.",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 11 21:58:58 2015",
}

@Article{RSM:Var86,
  author =       "H.R. Varian",

license: MIT

license_type: permissive