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@article{PhysRevA.94.053603,
  title = {Topological defect dynamics of vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates},
  author = {O'Riordan, Lee James and Busch, Thomas},
  journal = {Phys. Rev. A},
  volume = {94},
  issue = {5},
  pages = {053603},
  numpages = {7},
  year = {2016},
  month = {Nov},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053603},
  url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053603}
}

@article{ZNG_ref,
	Author = {E. Zaremba and T. Nikuni and A. Griffin},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-27 05:32:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-01-27 05:34:25 +0000},
	Journal = {A. Journal of Low Temperature Physics },
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {277},
	Title = {Dynamics of Trapped Bose Gases at Finite Temperatures},
	Volume = {116},
	Year = {(1999)}}

@article{VTX:Watanabe_pra_2006,
	Abstract = {We calculate the structure of individual vortices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in a transverse harmonic trap. Making a Wigner-Seitz approximation for the unit cell of the vortex lattice, we derive the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate wave function in each cell of the lattice, including effects of varying coarse grained density. We calculate the Abrikosov parameter, the fractional core area, and the energy of individual cells.},
	Author = {Watanabe, G. and Gifford, S. A. and Baym, G. and Pethick, C. J.},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {vortex},
	Number = {6},
	Title = {Structure of vortices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000243166700132}}

@article{BEC:Watanabe_pra_2007,
	Abstract = {Experiments on the axial breathing mode in a rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensate are examined. Assuming a cold cloud without thermal component, we show that errors due to defocus of an imaging camera in addition to an inclination of the rotational axis can lead to a significant underestimate of the rotation rate in the fast rotation limit; within these uncertainties, our theoretical prediction agrees with the experimental data. We also show that, in the fast rotation regime, the Thomas-Fermi theory, which is inapplicable there, underestimates the rotation rate. Underestimation of the rotation rate due to these effects would also partly explain a discrepancy between theory and experiment for the Tkachenko mode frequency in the fast rotation regime.},
	Author = {Watanabe, G.},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {Axial breathing mode in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates and uncertainty of the rotation velocity},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000249786000017}}

@article{BEC:Billam_pra_2013,
	Abstract = {While the Gross-Pitaevskii equation is well established as the canonical dynamical description of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) at zero temperature, describing the dynamics of BECs at finite temperatures remains a difficult theoretical problem, particularly when considering low-temperature, nonequilibrium systems in which depletion of the condensate occurs dynamically as a result of external driving. In this paper, we describe a fully time-dependent numerical implementation of a second-order, number-conserving description of finite-temperature BEC dynamics. This description consists of equations of motion describing the coupled dynamics of the condensate and noncondensate fractions in a self-consistent manner, and is ideally suited for the study of low-temperature, nonequilibrium, driven systems. The delta-kicked-rotor BEC provides a prototypical example of such a system, and we demonstrate the efficacy of our numerical implementation by investigating its dynamics at finite temperature. We demonstrate that the qualitative features of the system dynamics at zero temperature are generally preserved at finite temperatures, and predict a quantitative finite-temperature shift of resonance frequencies which would be relevant for, and could be verified by, future experiments. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.033628},
	Author = {Billam, T. P. and Mason, P. and Gardiner, S. A.},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {gross-pitaevskii equation truncated wigner method collective excitations quantum chaos bogoliubov method gases field systems entanglement validity},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {Second-order number-conserving description of nonequilibrium dynamics in finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000316790600009}}

@article{BEC:Watanabe_entropy_2016,
	Abstract = {The system of a cold atomic gas in an optical lattice is governed by two factors: nonlinearity originating from the interparticle interaction, and the periodicity of the system set by the lattice. The high level of controllability associated with such an arrangement allows for the study of the competition and interplay between these two, and gives rise to a whole range of interesting and rich nonlinear effects. This review covers the basic idea and overview of such nonlinear phenomena, especially those corresponding to extended states. This includes "swallowtail" loop structures of the energy band, Bloch states with multiple periodicity, and those in "nonlinear lattices", i.e., systems with the nonlinear interaction term itself being a periodic function in space.},
	Author = {Watanabe, G. and Venkatesh, B. P. and Dasgupta, R.},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:15:10 +0000},
	Journal = {Entropy},
	Keywords = {optical lattices bose-einstein condensates cold fermi gases superfluidity bose-einstein condensate feshbach resonances superfluid solitons dynamics vortex waves flow},
	Number = {4},
	Title = {Nonlinear Phenomena of Ultracold Atomic Gases in Optical Lattices: Emergence of Novel Features in Extended States},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000375208200017}}

@article{Ichec_stoney,
	Author = {Irish Center for High End Computing,},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:28:52 +0000},
	Title = {Decomissioned systems: Stoney, July 2009 - October, 2014},
	Url = {https://www.ichec.ie/infrastructure/previous},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.ichec.ie/infrastructure/previous}}

@article{BK:eth_quantumgases,
	Author = {ETH},
	Title = {Quantum Gases Lecture Notes}}

@article{DAT:Intel_xeon,
	Author = {Intel},
	Title = {Intel{\textregistered} Xeon{\textregistered} Processor E5-2697 v2 Product Brief},
	Url = {http://ark.intel.com/products/75283/},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ark.intel.com/products/75283/}}

@article{CT:Neeley_NA_NA,
	Author = {Neely, T. W. ; Bradley, A. S. ; Samson, E. C. ; Rooney, S. J. ; Wright, E. M.; Law, K. J. H.; Carretero-Gonza ́lez, R.; and Kevrekidis, P. G.; Davis, M. J.; Anderson, B. P.;},
	Journal = {Pre-print},
	Title = {Two-Dimensional Turbulence in a Compressible Quantum Fluid}}

@article{MLXD_GPUE,
	Author = {O'Riordan, Lee James},
	Title = {GPUE: GPU Gross Pitaevskii Equation solver},
	Url = {https://github.com/mlxd/gpue},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://github.com/mlxd/gpue}}

@article{Deriv:GPE_2nd_quant,
	Author = {Unknown},
	Title = {GPE 2nd quantisation derivation}}

@article{LEC:Vort_lattice,
	Author = {Unknown},
	Title = {6.6 Vortex lattice state}}

@article{Einstein_bec_1925,
	Author = {Einstein, A},
	Journal = {Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften},
	Title = {Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1925}}

@article{BEC:Penrose_pr_1956,
	Abstract = {The mathematical description of B.E. (Bose-Einstein) condensation is generalized so as to be applicable to a system of interacting particles. B.E. condensation is said to be present whenever the largest eigenvalue of the one-particle reduced density matrix is an extensive rather than an intensive quantity. Some transformations facilitating the practical use of this definition are given.},
	Author = {Penrose, Oliver and Onsager, Lars},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:56 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {576-584},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein Condensation and Liquid Helium},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {1956},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.104.576}}

@article{QM:Abrikosov_jpcs_1957,
	Author = {Abrikosov, A. A.},
	Journal = {Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {199-208},
	Title = {The Magnetic Properties of Superconducting Alloys},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1957}}

@article{Vtx:Steyert_prl_1965,
	Author = {Steyert, W. A. and Taylor, R. D. and Kitchens, T. A.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {13},
	Pages = {546-&},
	Title = {Direct Measurements of Multiple Quantization in He 2},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {1965}}

@article{Vtx:Packard_prl_1969,
	Author = {Packard, R. E. and Sanders, T. M.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {16},
	Pages = {823-&},
	Title = {Detection of Single Quantized Vortex Lines in Rotating He2},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1969}}

@article{Num:Flynn_ieee_1972,
	Abstract = {A hierarchical model of computer organizations is developed, based on a tree model using request/service type resources as nodes. Two aspects of the model are distinguished: logical and physical. General parallel- or multiple-stream organizations are examined as to type and effectiveness{\~A}{\^A}¿especially regarding intrinsic logical difficulties. The overlapped simplex processor (SISD) is limited by data dependencies. Branching has a particularly degenerative effect. The parallel processors [single-instruction stream-multiple-data stream (SIMD)] are analyzed. In particular, a nesting type explanation is offered for Minsky's conjecture{\~A}{\^A}¿the performance of a parallel processor increases as log M instead of M (the number of data stream processors). Multiprocessors (MIMD) are subjected to a saturation syndrome based on general communications lockout. Simplified queuing models indicate that saturation develops when the fraction of task time spent locked out (L/E) approaches 1/n, where n is the number of processors. Resources sharing in multiprocessors can be used to avoid several other classic organizational problems.},
	Author = {Flynn, Michael J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:10:40 +0000},
	Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
	Keywords = {Automata Computer aided instruction Computer organization Concurrent computing instruction stream overlapped Parallel processing parallel processors Performance evaluation resource hierarchy Time sharing computer systems Transmission electron microscopy},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {948-960},
	Title = {Some Computer Organizations and Their Effectiveness},
	Volume = {C-21},
	Year = {1972},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx5/12/5009065/05009071.pdf?tp=&arnumber=5009071&isnumber=5009065}}

@article{BEC:Packard_physb_1982,
	Author = {Packard, R. E.},
	Journal = {Physica B \& C},
	Number = {1-3},
	Pages = {1474-1484},
	Title = {Vortex Photography in Liquid-Helium},
	Volume = {109},
	Year = {1982}}

@article{FL:Day_2010,
	Author = {Day, M.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:41 +0000},
	Journal = {Springer},
	Title = {The no-slip condition of fluid dynamics},
	Url = {"},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%22http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00717588%22}}

@article{CT:Jensen_nat_1992,
	Abstract = {What are the special properties of strongly perturbed quantum systems when the corresponding classical mechanical systems exhibit chaotic behaviour? This is the central question of quantum chaos. Theoretical and experimental studies of highly excited atoms in strong magnetic fields and intense microwave fields have revealed surprising new physical phenomena with far-reaching applications.},
	Author = {Jensen, R. V.},
	Journal = {Nature},
	Keywords = {excited hydrogen-atoms uniform magnetic-field microwave ionization conductance fluctuations monochromatic-field classical dynamics periodic-orbits rydberg atoms scattering localization},
	Number = {6358},
	Pages = {311-318},
	Title = {Quantum Chaos},
	Volume = {355},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{NUM:Higham_siam_1993,
	Abstract = {The usual recursive summation technique is just one of several ways of computing the sum of n floating point numbers. Five summation methods and their variations are analyzed here. The accuracy of the methods is compared using rounding error analysis and numerical experiments. Four of the methods are shown to be special cases of a general class of methods, and an error analysis is given for this class. No one method is uniformly more accurate than the others, but some guidelines are given on the choice of method in particular cases.},
	Author = {Higham, N. J.},
	Journal = {Siam Journal on Scientific Computing},
	Keywords = {floating point summation rounding error analysis orderings},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {783-799},
	Title = {The Accuracy of Floating-Point Summation},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {1993}}

@phdthesis{THS:Daly_1994,
	Author = {Daly, M. V.},
	School = {Dublin City University},
	Title = {Classical and quantum chaos in a non-linearly kicked harmonic oscillator},
	Type = {Thesis},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{BK:Strogatz_1994,
	Author = {Strogatz, S. H.},
	Title = {Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos wih applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{CT:Zurek_prl_1994,
	Abstract = {Quantum wave function of a chaotic system spreads rapidly over distances on which the potential is significantly nonlinear. As a result, the effective force is no longer just a gradient of the potential, and predictions of classical and quantum dynamics begin to differ. We show how the interaction with the environment limits distances over which quantum coherence can persist, and therefore reconciles quantum dynamics with classical Hamiltonian chaos. The entropy production rate for such open chaotic systems exhibits a sharp transition between reversible and dissipative regimes, where it is set by the chaotic dynamics.},
	Author = {Zurek, W. H. and Paz, J. P.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {quantum brownian-motion wave packet dissipation mechanics environment oscillator systems},
	Number = {16},
	Pages = {2508-2511},
	Title = {Decoherence, Chaos, and the 2nd Law},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{BEC:Cornell_science_1995,
	Abstract = {A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10(12) per cubic centimeter and could be preserved far more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.},
	Author = {Anderson, M. H. and Ensher, J. R. and Matthews, M. R. and Wieman, C. E. and Cornell, E. A.},
	Journal = {Science},
	Keywords = {neutral atoms hydrogen trap behavior},
	Number = {5221},
	Pages = {198-201},
	Title = {Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor},
	Volume = {269},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{BEC:Bradley_prl_1995,
	Abstract = {Evidence for Bose-Einstein condensation of a gas of spin-polarized Li-7 atoms is reported. Atoms confined to a permanent-magnet trap are laser cooled to 200 mu K and are then evaporatively cooled to lower temperatures. Phase-space densities consistent with quantum degeneracy are measured for temperatures in the range of 100 to 400 nK. At these high phase-space densities, diffraction of a probe laser beam is observed. Modeling shows that this diffraction is a sensitive indicator of the presence of a spatially localized condensate. Although measurements of the number of condensate atoms have not been performed, the measured phase-space densities are consistent with a majority of the atoms being in the condensate,for total trap numbers as high as 2 X 10(5) atoms. For Li-7, the spin-triplet s-wave scattering length is known to be negative, corresponding to an attractive interatomic interaction. Previously, Bose-Einstein condensation was predicted not to occur in such a system.},
	Author = {Bradley, C. C. and Sackett, C. A. and Tollett, J. J. and Hulet, R. G.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {hydrogen},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {1687-1690},
	Title = {Evidence of Bose-Einstein Condensation in an Atomic Gas with Attractive Interactions},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{BEC:Ketterle_prl_1995,
	Abstract = {We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms. The atoms were trapped in a novel trap that employed both magnetic and optical forces. Evaporative cooling increased the phase-space density by 6 orders of magnitude within seven seconds. Condensates contained up to 5 X 10(5) atoms at densities exceeding 10(14) cm(-3). The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of similar to 2 mu K The distribution consisted of an isotropic thermal distribution and an elliptical core attributed to the expansion of a dense condensate.},
	Author = {Davis, K. B. and Mewes, M. O. and Andrews, M. R. and Vandruten, N. J. and Durfee, D. S. and Kurn, D. M. and Ketterle, W.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {hydrogen},
	Number = {22},
	Pages = {3969-3973},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {1995}}

@book{BK:Frisch_1995,
	Address = {Cambridge, Eng. ; New York},
	Author = {Frisch, U. and Kolmogorov, A. N.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:09:22 +0000},
	Keywords = {Turbulence.},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Turbulence : the legacy of A.N. Kolmogorov},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {Publisher%20description%20http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam027/95012140.html%20Table%20of%20contents%20http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam021/95012140.html}}

@article{Vtx:Barenghi_pra_1996,
	Abstract = {We consider the vortex state solution for a rotating cloud of trapped, Bose-Einstein-condensed alkali-metal atoms and study finite-temperature effects. We find that thermally excited vortex waves can distort the vortex state significantly, even at the very low temperatures relevant to the experiments.},
	Author = {Barenghi, C. F.},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {nonlinear schrodinger-equation neutral atoms gas},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {5445-5446},
	Title = {Vortex waves in a cloud of Bose-Einstein-condensed, trapped alkali-metal atoms},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{BEC:Baym_prl_1996,
	Abstract = {In light of the recent experimental observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute 87Rb gas cooled to nanokelvin-scale temperatures, we give a quantitative account of the ground-state properties of magnetically trapped Bose gases. Using simple scaling arguments, we show that at large particle number the kinetic energy is a small perturbation, and find a spatial structure of the cloud of atoms and its momentum distribution dependent in an essential way on particle interactions. We also estimate the superfluid coherence length and the critical angular velocity at which vortex lines become energetically favorable.},
	Author = {Baym, Gordon and Pethick, C. J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:25:39 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {6-9},
	Title = {Ground-State Properties of Magnetically Trapped Bose-Condensed Rubidium Gas},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.6%20files/114/p6_1.html%20http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v76/i1/p6_1}}

@article{Vtx:Dalfovo_pra_1996,
	Abstract = {We solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equations for a dilute atomic gas in a magnetic trap, modeled by an anisotropic harmonic potential. We evaluate the wave function and the energy of the Bose-Einstein condensate as a function of the particle number, both for positive and negative scattering length. The results for the transverse and the vertical size of the cloud of atoms, as well as for the kinetic and potential energy per particle, are compared with the predictions of approximated models. We also compare the aspect ratio of the velocity distribution with experimental estimates available for Rb-87. Vortex states are considered and the critical angular velocity for production of vortices is calculated. We show that the presence of vortices significantly increases the stability of the condensate in the case of attractive interactions.},
	Author = {Dalfovo, F. and Stringari, S.},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {2477-2485},
	Title = {Bosons in anisotropic traps: Ground state and vortices},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{QM:Gross_pnas_1996,
	Author = {Gross, David J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:09:50 +0000},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	Number = {25},
	Pages = {14256-14259},
	Title = {The role of symmetry in fundamental physics},
	Volume = {93},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pnas.org/content/93/25/14256%20http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607718%20files/317/14256.html%20http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC34470/pdf/pq014256.pdf}}

@article{AO:Ketterle_amop_1996,
	Author = {Ketterle, W. and VanDruten, N. J.},
	Journal = {Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, Vol 37},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation spin-polarized hydrogen ground-state atoms neutral atoms magnetic trap magnetooptical trap sodium atoms photon recoil magnetostatic traps metastable helium},
	Pages = {181-236},
	Title = {Evaporative cooling of trapped atoms},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Vtx:Koplik_prl_1996,
	Abstract = {The time evolution and scattering interactions of superfluid vortex rings are studied using the Gross-Pitaevskii model, in order to consider the maintenance and generation of vorticity in superfluid flows, and to compare ring dynamics in Navier-Stokes and superfluids. For a single ring, we verify previous analytic results on stability and the value of the translation velocity. When two vortex rings scatter, we generically observe merger and subsequent breakup in cases of close approach. Depending on the initial conditions, the final state can contain zero, two, or more final rings.},
	Author = {Koplik, J. and Levine, H.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {phase-slip he-4 reconnection turbulence dimensions equations stability linking model},
	Number = {25},
	Pages = {4745-4748},
	Title = {Scattering of superfluid vortex rings},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{CT:Schack_pre_1996,
	Author = {Schack, R{\"u}diger and Caves, Carlton M.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:51 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review E},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {3257-3270},
	Title = {Information-theoretic characterization of quantum chaos},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.53.3257}}

@article{AO:Shapiro_pra_1996,
	Abstract = {An analytic theory of resonantly enhanced two-photon excitation of N states with laser light of an arbitrary field is developed. Closed-form expressions for the time evolution of the system are derived. The formulation is used to explore adiabatic passage to a level embedded amongst N other levels. ``Counterintuitive'' pulse sequence is shown to lead to complete population transfer under adiabatic conditions. The reverse case of stimulated emission from N initial states is also studied. Complete population transfer to the ground state from an initial state satisfying the two-photon resonance condition is shown to be possible. {\copyright} 1996 The American Physical Society.},
	Author = {Shapiro, Moshe},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:27:00 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1504-1509},
	Title = {Theory of two-photon adiabatic passage: Absorption to and emission from N states},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.54.1504%20files/153/p1504_1.html%20http://pra.aps.org/pdf/PRA/v54/i2/p1504_1}}

@article{BEC:Stringari_prl_1996,
	Abstract = {The temperature dependence of the moment of inertia of a dilute Bose gas confined in a harmonic trap is determined. Deviations from the rigid value, due to the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation, reveal the superfluid behavior of the system. In the noninteracting gas these deviations become important at temperatures of the order of TcN-1/12. The role of interactions is also discussed.},
	Author = {Stringari, S.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {einstein condensation density profile},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {1405-1408},
	Title = {Moment of inertia and superfluidity of a trapped bose gas},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{BEC:Andrews_prl_1997,
	Abstract = {Sound propagation has been studied in a magnetically trapped dilute Bose-Einstein condensate. Localized excitations were induced by suddenly modifying the trapping potential using the optical dipole force of a focused laser beam. The resulting propagation of sound was observed-using a. novel technique, rapid sequencing of nondestructive phase-contrast images. The speed of sound was determined as a function of density and found to be consistent with Bogoliubov theory. This method may generally be used to observe high-lying modes and perhaps second sound.},
	Author = {Andrews, M. R. and Kurn, D. M. and Miesner, H. J. and Durfee, D. S. and Townsend, C. G. and Inouye, S. and Ketterle, W.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {atoms gas},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {553-556},
	Title = {Propagation of sound in a Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {79},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Vtx:Dodd_pra_1997,
	Abstract = {We apply linear-response analysis to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to obtain the excitation frequencies of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a vortex state, and apply it to a system of rubidium atoms confined in a time-averaged orbiting potential trap. The excitation frequencies of a vortex differ significantly from those of the ground state, and may therefore be used to obtain a spectroscopic signature of the presence of a vortex state.},
	Author = {Dodd, R. J. and Burnett, K. and Edwards, M. and Clark, C. W.},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {atoms},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {587-590},
	Title = {Excitation spectroscopy of vortex states in dilute Bose-Einstein condensed gases},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{AO:Fewell_ausjp_1997,
	Abstract = {Ongoing work aimed at developing highly efficient methods of populating a chosen sublevel of an energy level highlights the need to understand off-resonant effects in coherent excitation. This motivated us to re-examine some aspects of the theory of coherent excitation in a three-state system with a view to obtaining algebraic expressions for off-resonant eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Earlier work gives simple closed-form expressions for the eigenvalues this system, expressions applying even when the system is not on two-photon resonance. We present here expressions of similar simplicity for the components of the normalised eigenvectors. The analytic properties of these components explain the observed sensitivity of the stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage process (STIRAP) to the condition of two-photon resonance. None of the eigenstates is 'trapped' or 'dark' unless the system is on two-photon resonance; off resonance, all states have nonzero projections on the unperturbed intermediate state. A simple argument shows that no dressed state can be adiabatically connected to both the unperturbed initial and final states when the system is off two-photon resonance. That is, adiabatic transfer from initial to final state requires that these be degenerate before and after the STIRAP pulse sequence, and this implies zero two-photon detuning. However, substantial transfer probabilities are observed experimentally for very small two-photon detunings. We show that such systems are characterised by very sharp avoided crossings of two eigenvalues, and that the observed population transfer can be understood as an effect of non adiabatic transitions occurring at the avoided crossings.},
	Author = {Fewell, M. P. and Shore, B. W. and Bergmann, K.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:22:39 +0000},
	Journal = {Australian Journal of Physics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {281-308},
	Title = {Coherent population transfer among three states: Full algebraic solutions and the relevance of non adiabatic processes to transfer by delayed pulses},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {files/104/display.html}}

@article{CT:Gardiner_prl_1997,
	Abstract = {We propose an experimental configuration, within an ion trap, by which a quantum mechanical delta-kicked harmonic oscillator could be realized, and investigated. We show how to directly measure the sensitivity of the ion motion to small variations in the external parameters.},
	Author = {Gardiner, S. A. and Cirac, J. I. and Zoller, P.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {atom localization state diffusion dynamics wave well},
	Number = {24},
	Pages = {4790-4793},
	Title = {Quantum chaos in an ion trap: The delta-kicked harmonic oscillator},
	Volume = {79},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Vtx:Lundh_pra_1997,
	Abstract = {We consider the leading corrections to the Thomas-Fermi approach to the description of the properties of a magnetically trapped, Bose-condensed cloud of atoms. Simple analytical expressions are derived for the kinetic energy in terms of an effective cutoff length, which we calculate numerically by considering the one-dimensional problem for a linear-ramp potential. We also determine the lowest angular velocity at which it is energetically favorable for a vortex to enter the cloud, For large clouds, our results are in excellent agreement with available numerical calculations.},
	Author = {Lundh, E. and Pethick, C. J. and Smith, H.},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {2126-2131},
	Title = {Zero-temperature properties of a trapped Bose-condensed gas: Beyond the Thomas-Fermi approximation},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{AO:Malinovsky_pra_1997,
	Abstract = {STIRAP (stimulated Raman adiabatic passage) has proven to be an efficient and robust technique for transferring population in a three-level system without populating the intermediate state. Here we show that the counterintuitive pulse sequence in STIRAP, in which the Stokes pulse precedes the pump, emerges automatically from a variant of optimal control theory we have previously called ``local'' optimization. Since local optimization is a well-defined, automated computational procedure, this opens the door to automated computation of generalized STIRAP schemes in arbitrarily complicated N-level coupling situations. If the coupling is sequential, a simple qualitative extension of STIRAP emerges: the Stokes pulse precedes the pump as in the three-level system. But, in addition, spanning both the Stokes and pump pulses are pulses corresponding to the transitions between the N-2 intermediate states with intensities about an order of magnitude greater than those of the Stokes and pump pulses. This scheme is amazingly robust, leading to almost 100% population transfer with significantly less population transfer to the N-2 intermediate states than in previously proposed extensions of STIRAP.},
	Author = {Malinovsky, Vladimir S. and Tannor, David J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:26:26 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {4929-4937},
	Title = {Simple and robust extension of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique to N-level systems},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4929%20files/162/p4929_1.html%20http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v56/i6/p4929_1}}

@article{Vtx:Marzlin_prl_1997,
	Abstract = {A coherent coupler is proposed to spin a Bose-Einstein condensate composed of ultracold alkali atoms into a vortex state. The proposal is based on a Raman transition induced by two copropagating ai and sigma(-) polarized Laguerre-Gausdan laser beams with different frequencies. We show that the transfer of angular momentum of photons to the condensed atoms through a Raman transition leads to a coherent coupling of the ground-state condensate to a rotating condensate in a vortex state. The detection of such a vortex state is discussed.},
	Author = {Marzlin, K. P. and Zhang, W. P. and Wright, E. M.},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {collective excitations magnetic trap ground-state gas},
	Number = {24},
	Pages = {4728-4731},
	Title = {Vortex coupler for atomic Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {79},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{CT:Nore_prl_1997,
	Author = {Nore, C. and Abid, M. and Brachet, M. E.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:51 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {20},
	Pages = {3896-3899},
	Title = {Kolmogorov Turbulence in Low-Temperature Superflows},
	Volume = {78},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3896}}

@article{CT:Nore_pof_1997,
	Abstract = {Superfluid turbulence is studied using numerical simulations of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), which is the correct equation of motion for superflows at low temperatures. This equation depends on two parameters: the sound velocity and the coherence length. It naturally contains nonsingular quantized vortex lines. The NLSE mass, momentum, and energy conservation relations are derived in hydrodynamic form. The total energy is decomposed into an incompressible kinetic part, and other parts that correspond to acoustic excitations. The corresponding energy spectra are defined and computed numerically in the case of the two-dimensional vortex solution. A preparation method, generating initial data reproducing the vorticity dynamics of any three-dimensional flow with Clebsch representation is given and is applied to the Taylor-Green (TG) vortex. The NLSE TG vortex is studied with resolutions up to 512(3). The energetics of the flow is found to be remarkably similar to that of the viscous TG vortex. The rate of the (irreversible) transfer of kinetic energy into other energy components is comparable, both in magnitude and time scale, to the energy dissipation of the viscous flow. This transfer rate depends weakly on the coherence length. At the moment of maximum energy dissipation, the energy spectrum follows a power law compatible with Kolmogorov's -5/3 value. Physical-space visualizations show that the vorticity dynamics of the superflow is similar to that of the viscous flow in which vortex reconnection events play a major role. It is argued that there may be some amount of universality of reconnection processes, because of topological constraints. Some preliminary support for this conjecture is given in the special case of secondary instabilities of round jets. The experimental implications of the close analogy between superfluid and viscous decaying turbulence are discussed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.},
	Author = {Nore, C. and Abid, M. and Brachet, M. E.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:47 +0000},
	Journal = {Physics of Fluids},
	Keywords = {nonlinear schrodinger-equation taylor-green vortex round jets dynamics flows vorticity filaments dissipation helium},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {2644-2669},
	Title = {Decaying Kolmogorov turbulence in a model of superflow},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:A1997XT86100019}}

@article{BEC:Pitaevskii_pra_1997,
	Abstract = {Atoms confined in a harmonic potential show universal oscillations in two dimensions (2D). We point out the connection of these ''breathing'' modes to the presence of a hidden symmetry. The underlying symmetry S0(2,1), i.e., the two-dimensional Lorentz group, allows pulsating solutions to be constructed for the interacting quantum system and for the corresponding nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We point out how this symmetry can be used as a probe for recently proposed experiments of trapped atoms in 2D.},
	Author = {Pitaevskii, L. P. and Rosch, A.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:49 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation many-body problem gas},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {R853-R856},
	Title = {Breathing modes and hidden symmetry of trapped-atoms in two dimensions},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:A1997WH91900005}}

@article{AO:Romanenko_optcom_1997,
	Abstract = {We discuss the dependence of the population transfer probability in the three-level Λ-scheme using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage on detuning from the two-photon resonance. For a large decay rate of the intermediate level we found that the two-photon lineshape is close to Gaussian with linewidth inversely proportional to the square root of the decay rate. The shift of the maximum of the two-photon line from exact two-photon resonance has been investigated.},
	Author = {Romanenko, V. I. and Yatsenko, L. P.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:09:39 +0000},
	Journal = {Optics Communications},
	Keywords = {Adiabatic passage Two-photon detuning},
	Number = {4-6},
	Pages = {231-236},
	Title = {Adiabatic population transfer in the three-level Λ-system: two-photon lineshape},
	Volume = {140},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401897001521%20files/190/S0030401897001521.html}}

@article{Vtx:Shi_pra_1997,
	Abstract = {The behavior of a trapped atomic gas undergoing a Bose-Einstein condensation is strongly influenced by the attractive interaction between particles. The role played by such an interaction is analyzed by means of a variation method. The critical number of atoms for a metastable state to exist is determined, The aspect ratio of condensed bosons in an anisotropic trap, the loss rate of atoms, and the excitation spectrum are studied. The vortex state is discussed.},
	Author = {Shi, H. L. and Zheng, W. M.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:52 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {2930-2934},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein condensation in an atomic gas with attractive interactions},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:A1997WT25200057}}

@article{AO:Bergmann_revmodphys_1998,
	Abstract = {The authors discuss the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), a method of using partially overlapping pulses (from pump and Stokes lasers) to produce complete population transfer between two quantum states of an atom or molecule. The procedure relies on the initial creation of a coherence (a population-trapping state) with subsequent adiabatic evolution. The authors present the basic theory, with some extensions, and then describe examples of experimental utilization. They note some applications of the technique not only to preparation of selected states for reaction studies, but also to quantum optics and atom optics.},
	Author = {Bergmann, K. and Theuer, H. and Shore, B. W.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:25:40 +0000},
	Journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {1003-1025},
	Title = {Coherent population transfer among quantum states of atoms and molecules},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.1003%20files/151/p1003_1.html%20http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v70/i3/p1003_1}}

@article{AO:Chu_revmod_1998,
	Author = {Chu, S.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:17 +0000},
	Journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	Keywords = {resonance-radiation pressure stimulated raman transitions bose-einstein condensation single kinesin molecules wave 2-photon excitation optical dipole trap laser-cooled cesium atomic interferometry photon recoil precision-measurement},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {685-706},
	Title = {The manipulation of neutral particles},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000075307800001}}

@article{AO:Cohen_revmod_1998,
	Author = {Cohen-Tannoudji, C. N.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:17 +0000},
	Journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	Keywords = {laser-radiation pressure optical molasses cesium atoms recoil energy trapped atoms doppler limit motion light spectroscopy fountain},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {707-719},
	Title = {Manipulating atoms with photons},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000075307800002}}

@article{BEC:Kleppner_enfe_1998,
	Author = {Daniel Kleppner and Thomas J. Greytak, Thomas C. Killian and Dale G. Fried and Lorenz Willmann and David Landhuis and Moss, Stephen C.},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the International School of Physics ``Enrico Fermi'', Course 140, 1998},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein Condensation of Atomic Hydrogen},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{BEC:Fried_prl_1998,
	Abstract = {We report observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of a trapped, dilute gas of atomic hydrogen. The condensate and normal gas are studied by two-photon spectroscopy of the 1S-2S transition. Interactions among the atoms produce a shift of the resonance frequency proportional to density. The condensate is clearly distinguished by its large frequency shift. The peak condensate density is 4.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(15) cm(-3), corresponding to a condensate population of 10(9) atoms. The BEC transition occurs at about T = 50 mu K and n = 1.8 x 10(14) cm(-3). [S0031-9007(98)07617-0].},
	Author = {Fried, D. G. and Killian, T. C. and Willmann, L. and Landhuis, D. and Moss, S. C. and Kleppner, D. and Greytak, T. J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:22 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {sodium atoms relaxation gas},
	Number = {18},
	Pages = {3811-3814},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic hydrogen},
	Volume = {81},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000076829500002}}

@article{Vtx:Goldstein_pra_1998,
	Abstract = {We discuss a detection scheme that reveals the existence of vortex states in a cylindrically symmetric condensate trap. It relies on the measurement of the second-order correlation function of the Schrodinger field and yields directly the topological charge of the vortex state, as well as direct evidence of the existence of persistent currents.},
	Author = {Goldstein, E. V. and Wright, E. M. and Meystre, P.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:23 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation gas},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {576-579},
	Title = {Detection of condensate vortex states},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000074790500074}}

@article{Vtx:Jackson_prl_1998,
	Abstract = {We solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii in 2D to simulate the flow of an object through a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a harmonic well. We demonstrate vortex formation and study the process in terms of the accumulation of phase slip and the evolution of the fluid velocity.},
	Author = {Jackson, B. and McCann, J. F. and Adams, C. S.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:39 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {collective excitations gas},
	Number = {18},
	Pages = {3903-3906},
	Title = {Vortex formation in dilute inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000073365800004}}

@article{Vtx:Lundh_pra_1998,
	Abstract = {The properties of vortex states in a Bose-Einstein-condensed cloud of atoms are considered at zero temperature. Using both analytical and numerical methods, we solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the case when a cloud of atoms containing a vortex is released from a trap. In two dimensions we find the simple result that the time dependence of the cloud radius is given by (1 + w(2)t(2))(1/2), where omega is the trap frequency. We calculate and compare the expansion of the vortex core and the cloud radius for different numbers of particles and interaction strengths, in both two and three dimensions, and discuss the circumstances under which vortex states may be observed experimentally. [S1050-2947(98)06412-9].},
	Author = {Lundh, E. and Pethick, C. J. and Smith, H.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:42 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {gas},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {4816-4823},
	Title = {Vortices in Bose-Einstein-condensed atomic clouds},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000077352700071}}

@article{Vtx:Zhang_pra_1998,
	Abstract = {Atom optic techniques are proposed to control the excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an atomic trap. We show that by employing the dipole potential induced by four highly detuned traveling-wave laser beams with appropriate phases and frequencies, one can coherently excite a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate composed of ultracold alkali-metal atoms into a state rotating around the trap center. Pure vortex states can be created with this scheme if the condensate is trapped in an anharmonic trap.},
	Author = {Marzlin, K. P. and Zhang, W. P.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:44 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {nonlinear atom optics gas wave},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {3801-3804},
	Title = {Laser-induced rotation of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000073584500085}}

@article{Vtx:Marzlin_pra_1998,
	Abstract = {We study the creation of vortex states in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate by a rotating force. For a harmonic trapping potential the,rotating force induces only a circular motion of the whole condensate around the trap center which does not depend on the interatomic interaction. For the creation of a pure vortex state it is necessary to confine the atoms in an anharmonic trapping potential. The efficiency of the creation can be greatly enhanced by a sinusoidal variation of the force's angular velocity. We present analytical and numerical calculations for the case of a quartic trapping potential. The physical mechanism behind the requirement of an anharmonic trapping potential for the creation of pure vortex states is explained.},
	Author = {Marzlin, K. P. and Zhang, W. P.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:44 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {nonlinear atom optics quantum-field theory collective excitations magnetic trap ground-state gas},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {4761-4769},
	Title = {Quantized circular motion of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate: Coherent rotation and vortices},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000074160600085}}

@article{AO:Phillips_revmod_1998,
	Author = {Phillips, W. D.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:48 +0000},
	Journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	Keywords = {resonance-radiation pressure bose-einstein condensation cold cesium atoms lamb-dicke limit sodium atoms optical molasses quantum jumps photoassociative spectroscopy ultracold collisions quantized motion},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {721-741},
	Title = {Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000075307800003}}

@article{AO:Roberts_prl_1998,
	Author = {Roberts, J. L. and Claussen, N. R. and Burke, James P. and Greene, Chris H. and Cornell, E. A. and Wieman, C. E.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:52 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {23},
	Pages = {5109-5112},
	Title = {Resonant Magnetic Field Control of Elastic Scattering in Cold $^{85}Rb$},
	Volume = {81},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5109}}

@article{Vtx:Svidzinsky_pra_1998,
	Abstract = {A hydrodynamic description is: used to study the normal modes of a vortex in a zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensate. In the Thomas-Fermi limit, the circulating superfluid velocity far from the vortex core provides a small perturbation that splits the originally degenerate normal modes of a vortex-free condensate. The relative frequency shifts are small in all cases considered (they vanish for the lowest dipole mode with /m/ = 1), suggesting that the vortex is stable. The Bogoliubov equations serve to verify the existence of helical waves, similar to those of a vortex line in an unbounded weakly interacting Bose gas. In the large-condensate (small-core) limit, the condensate wave function reduces to that of a straight vortex in an unbounded condensate the corresponding Bogoliubov equations have no bound-state solutions that are uniform along the sym metry axis and that decay exponentially far from the vortex core. [S1050-2947(98)04010-4].},
	Author = {Svidzinsky, A. A. and Fetter, A. L.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:55 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {collective excitations ground-state anisotropic traps magnetic trap gas atoms},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {3168-3179},
	Title = {Normal modes of a vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000076373900072}}

@article{Vtx:Zambelli_prl_1998,
	Abstract = {Using a sum rule approach we calculate the frequency shifts of the quadrupole oscillations of a harmonically trapped Bose gas due to the presence of a quantized vortex. Analytic results are obtained for positive scattering lengths and large N where the shift relative to excitations of opposite angular momentum is found to be proportional to the quantum circulation of the vortex and to decrease as N-2/5. Results are also given for smaller values of N covering the transition between the ideal gas and the Thomas-Fermi limit. The splitting of the collective frequencies in toroidal configurations is also discussed.},
	Author = {Zambelli, F. and Stringari, S.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:59 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {ground-state sum-rules excitations gas},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {1754-1757},
	Title = {Quantized vortices and collective oscillations of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {81},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000075626300002}}

@article{Vtx:Anglin_prl_1999,
	Abstract = {A second order phase transition induced by a rapid quench can inject far more topological defects into the ordered phase than would appear in equilibrium. We use quantum kinetic theory to show that this mechanism, originally postulated in the cosmological context, and analyzed so far only on the mean field classical level, should allow spontaneous generation of vortex lines in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates of simple topology, or of winding number in toroidal condensates.},
	Author = {Anglin, J. R. and Zurek, W. H.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:11 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {quantum kinetic-theory cosmological experiments vortex formation superfluid he-3 master equation symmetry breaks cosmic strings simulation systems dilute},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {1707-1710},
	Title = {Vortices in the wake of rapid Bose-Einstein condensation},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000082242600002}}

@article{Vtx:Davies_prl_1999,
	Abstract = {Simulations of a rotationally stirred condensate show that a regime of simple behavior occurs in which a single vortex cycles in and out of the condensate. We present a simple quantitative model of this behavior, which accurately describes the full vortex dynamics, including a critical angular speed of stirring for vortex formation. A method for experimentally preparing a condensate in a central vortex state is suggested.},
	Author = {Caradoc-Davies, B. M. and Ballagh, R. J. and Burnett, K.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:16 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {stability vortices atoms gases},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {895-898},
	Title = {Coherent dynamics of vortex formation in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000081820400002}}

@article{Vtx:Castin_epjd_1999,
	Author = {Castin, Y. and Dum, R.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:25:43 +0000},
	Journal = {The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics},
	Keywords = {PACS. 03.75.Fi Phase coherent atomic ensembles quantum condensation phenomena - 67.40.Vs Vortices and turbulence - 32.80.Pj Optical cooling of atoms trapping},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {399-412},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein condensates with vortices in rotating traps},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530050584}}

@article{BEC:Dalfovo_revmod_1999,
	Abstract = {The phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation of dilute gases in traps is reviewed from a theoretical perspective. Mean-field theory provides a framework to understand the main features of the condensation and the role of interactions between particles. Various properties of these systems are discussed, including the density profiles and the energy of the ground-state configurations, the collective oscillations and the dynamics of the expansion, the condensate fraction and the thermodynamic functions. The thermodynamic limit exhibits a scaling behavior in the relevant length and energy scales. Despite the dilute nature of the gases, interactions profoundly modify the static as well as the dynamic properties of the system; the predictions of mean-field theory are in excellent agreement with available experimental results. Effects of superfluidity including the existence of quantized vortices and the reduction of the moment of inertia are discussed, as well as the consequences of coherence such as the Josephson effect and interference phenomena. The review also assesses the accuracy and limitations of the mean-field approach. [S0034-6861(99)00103-8].},
	Author = {Dalfovo, F. and Giorgini, S. and Pitaevskii, L. P. and Stringari, S.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:19 +0000},
	Journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	Keywords = {low-energy excitations nonlinear schrodinger-equation thomas-fermi approximation negative scattering length time-dependent traps hartree-fock theory collective excitations ground-state harmonic trap magnetic trap},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {463-512},
	Title = {Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000080050500001}}

@article{AO:Denschlag_prl_1999,
	Abstract = {We demonstrate guiding of cold neutral atoms along a current carrying wire. Atoms either move in Kepler-like orbits around the wire or are guided in a potential tube on the side of the wire which is created by applying an additional homogeneous bias field. These atom guides are very versatile and promising for applications in atom optics.},
	Author = {Denschlag, J. and Cassettari, D. and Schmiedmayer, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:19 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {hollow optical fibers current-carrying wire magnetic-field arbitrary spin particle binding states},
	Number = {10},
	Pages = {2014-2017},
	Title = {Guiding neutral atoms with a wire},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000078959700002}}

@article{Vtx:Dobrek_pra_1999,
	Abstract = {We demonstrate numerically the efficient generation of vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by using a ``phase imprinting'' method. The method consists of passing a far-off-resonant laser pulse through an absorption plate with an azimuthally dependent absorption coefficient, imaging the laser beam onto a BEC, and thus creating the corresponding nondissipative Stark-shift potential and condensate phase shift. In our calculations we take into account experimental imperfections. We also propose an interference method to detect vortices by coherently pushing part of the condensate using optically induced Bragg scattering.},
	Author = {Dobrek, {\L} and Gajda, M. and Lewenstein, M. and Sengstock, K. and Birkl, G. and Ertmer, W.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:25:52 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {R3381-R3384},
	Title = {Optical generation of vortices in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R3381%20files/341/pR3381_1.html%20http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v60/i5/pR3381_1}}

@article{BEC:Drummond_pra_1999,
	Abstract = {We report on dynamical simulations of Bose-Einstein condensation via evaporative cooling in an atomic trap. The results show evidence for spontaneous vortex formation and quantum dynamics in small traps. [S1050-2947(99)50110-8].},
	Author = {Drummond, P. D. and Corney, J. F.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:20 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {kinetic master equation gas atoms trap coupler helium},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {R2661-R2664},
	Title = {Quantum dynamics of evaporatively cooled Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000083201000014}}

@article{Vtx:Feder_prl_1999,
	Abstract = {Vortex states of weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates confined in three-dimensional rotating harmonic traps are investigated numerically at zero temperature. The ground state in the rotating frame is obtained by propagating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate in imaginary time. The total energies between states with and without a vortex are compared, yielding critical rotation frequencies that depend on the anisotropy of the trap and the number of atoms. Vortices displaced from the center of nonrotating traps are found to have long lifetimes for sufficiently large numbers of atoms. The relationship between vortex stability and bound core states is explored.},
	Author = {Feder, D. L. and Clark, C. W. and Schneider, B. I.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:21 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {collective excitations gas vortices rotation},
	Number = {25},
	Pages = {4956-4959},
	Title = {Vortex stability of interacting Bose-Einstein condensates confined in anisotropic harmonic traps},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000080961300002}}

@article{Vtx:Fedichev_pra_1999,
	Abstract = {We discuss dissipative dynamics of a vortex state in a trapped Bose-condensed gas at finite temperature and draw a scenario of decay of this state in a static trap. The interaction of the vortex with the thermal cloud transfers energy from the vortex to the cloud and induces the motion of the vortex core to the border of the condensate. Once the vortex reaches the border, it immediately decays through the creation of excitations. We calculate the characteristic lifetime of a vortex state and address the question of how the dissipative dynamics of vortices can be studied experimentally. [S1050-2947(99)50609-4].},
	Author = {Fedichev, P. O. and Shlyapnikov, G. V.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:21 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {time-dependent traps excitations stability evolution force},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {R1779-R1782},
	Title = {Dissipative dynamics of a vortex state in a trapped Bose-condensed gas},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000082570900012}}

@article{Vtx:Machida_pra_1999,
	Abstract = {The instability condition of the nonvortex state toward vortex formation is examined within the Bogoliubov theory when a Bose-Einstein condensate is under externally forced rotation. The obtained critical angular velocity combined with the previous stability conditions for a vortex yields a detailed phase diagram in the critical velocity vs the system parameter. This facilitates vortex formation experiments for alkali-metal-atom gases confined in a harmonic potential. [S1050-2947(99)01410-9].},
	Author = {Isoshima, T. and Machida, K.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:38 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {excitations gases},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {3313-3316},
	Title = {Instability of the nonvortex state toward a quantized vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate under external rotation},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000083201000098}}

@article{Vtx:Isoshima_pra_1999,
	Abstract = {A quantized vortex in Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of an alkali-metal atom gas is known to be unstable intrinsically at zero temperature. We examine two stabilization mechanisms of a vortex theoretically. (i) The finite temperature effect is shown to stabilize a vortex. (ii) An additional pinning potential, which may be produced by a focused laser beam at the vortex center, is also shown to stabilize it even at zero temperature. The mean-field calculation for BEC confined by a harmonic potential is employed. The detailed properties of a stable vortex are given, such as the spatial profiles of the condensate and noncondensate, the particle current density around the core, the whole excitation spectrum, and their temperature dependence. [S1050-2947(99)01503-6].},
	Author = {Isoshima, T. and Machida, K.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:38 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {nonlinear schrodinger-equation trapped neutral atoms electronic-structure excitations},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {2203-2212},
	Title = {Vortex stabilization in Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali-metal atom gas},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000079233200065}}

@article{BEC:Ketterle_arxiv_1999,
	Author = {Ketterle, W.; Durfree, D.S.; Stamper-Kurn, D.M.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:09:54 +0000},
	Journal = {arXiv; 1998 E. Fermi school on Bose-Einstein condensation Varenna, Italy},
	Title = {Making, probing and understanding Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9904034v2.pdf}}

@article{BEC:Leggett_revmod_1999,
	Author = {Leggett, A. J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:42 +0000},
	Journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {S318-S323},
	Title = {Superfluidity},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000078900800037}}

@article{BEC:Leggett_nat_1999,
	Author = {Leggett, A. J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:42 +0000},
	Journal = {Nature},
	Number = {6722},
	Pages = {38-38},
	Title = {Superconductivity and superfluidity},
	Volume = {398},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000079033900042}}

@article{Vtx:Linn_pra_1999,
	Abstract = {A second-order expansion of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the interaction parameter determines the thermodynamic critical angular velocity Omega(c) for the creation of a vortex in a small axisymmetric condensate. Similarly, a second-order expansion of the Bogoliubov equations determines the (negative) frequency omega(a) of the anomalous mode. Although Omega(c) = -omega(a) through first order, the second-order contributions ensure that the absolute value \omega(a)\ is always smaller than the critical angular velocity Omega(c). With increasing external rotation Omega, the dynamical instability of the condensate with a vortex disappears at Omega* = \omega(a)\, whereas the vortex state becomes energetically stable at the larger value Omega(c). Both second-order contributions depend explicitly on the axial anisotropy of the trap. The appearance of a local minimum of the free energy for a vortex at the center determines the metastable angular velocity Omega(m). A variational calculation yields Omega(m) = \omega(a)\ to first order (hence Omega(m) also coincides with the critical angular velocity Omega(c) to this order). Qualitatively, the scenario for the onset of stability in the weak-coupling limit is the same as that found in the strong-coupling (Thomas-Fermi) limit. [S1050-2947(99)08512-1].},
	Author = {Linn, M. and Fetter, A. L.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:42 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {ground-state gas},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {4910-4917},
	Title = {Stability of a vortex in a small trapped Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000084148000088}}

@article{Vtx:Marshall_pra_1999,
	Abstract = {A straightforward numerical technique, based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, is used to generate a self-consistent description of thermally excited states of a dilute boson gas. The process of evaporative cooling is then modeled by following the time evolution of the system using the same equation. It is shown that the subsequent rethermalization of the thermally excited state produces a cooler coherent condensate. Other results presented show that trapping vortex states with the ground state may be possible in a two-dimensional experimental environment. [S1050-2947(99)10802-3].},
	Author = {Marshall, R. J. and New, G. H. C. and Burnett, K. and Choi, S.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:44 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {quantum kinetic-theory einstein condensation collective excitations master equation sodium atoms simulation dynamics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {2085-2093},
	Title = {Exciting, cooling, and vortex trapping in a Bose-condensed gas},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000079233200051}}

@article{Vtx:Matthews_prl_1999,
	Abstract = {We have created vortices in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. The vortex state was created through a coherent process involving the spatial and temporal control of interconversion between the two components. Using an interference technique, we map the phase of the vortex state to confirm that it possesses angular momentum. We can create vortices in either of the two components and have observed differences in the dynamics and stability.},
	Author = {Matthews, M. R. and Anderson, B. P. and Haljan, P. C. and Hall, D. S. and Wieman, C. E. and Cornell, E. A.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:26:26 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {13},
	Pages = {2498-2501},
	Title = {Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2498%20files/258/p2498_1.html%20http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v83/i13/p2498_1}}

@book{BK:Metcalf_1999,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Metcalf, Harold J. and Van der Straten, Peter},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:09:23 +0000},
	Keywords = {Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics) Laser cooling.},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Series = {Graduate texts in contemporary physics},
	Title = {Laser cooling and trapping},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {Publisher%20description%20http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0816/98055408-d.html%20Table%20of%20contents%20only%20http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0816/98055408-t.html}}

@article{BEC:Sinatra_prl_1999,
	Abstract = {We analyze the dynamics of two trapped interacting Bose-Einstein condensates in the absence of thermal cloud and identify two regimes for the evolution: a regime of slow periodic oscillations and a regime of strong nonlinear mixing leading to the damping of the relative motion of the condensates. We compare our predictions with an experiment recently performed at JILA.},
	Author = {Sinatra, A. and Fedichev, P. O. and Castin, Y. and Dalibard, J. and Shlyapnikov, G. V.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:52 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {time-dependent traps gas atoms evolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {251-254},
	Title = {Dynamics of two interacting Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000078005200003}}

@article{BEC:Soding_apb_1999,
	Abstract = {We have measured the three-body decay of a Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium (Rb-87) atoms prepared in the doubly polarized ground state F = m(F) = 2. Our data are taken for a peak atomic density in the condensate varying between 2 x 10(14) cm(-3) at initial time and 7 x 10(13) cm(-3), 16 s later. Taking into account the influence of the uncondensed atoms on the decay of the condensate, we deduce a rate constant for condensed atoms L = 1.8 (+/-0.5) x 10(-29) cm(6) s(-1). For these densities we did not find a significant contribution of two-body processes such as spin dipole relaxation.},
	Author = {Soding, J. and Guery-Odelin, D. and Desbiolles, P. and Chevy, F. and Inamori, H. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:53 +0000},
	Journal = {Applied Physics B-Lasers and Optics},
	Keywords = {atoms recombination gas},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {257-261},
	Title = {Three-body decay of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000082909200002}}

@article{AO:Bartenstein_ieee_2000,
	Abstract = {Atoms can be trapped and guided using nanofabricated wires on surfaces, achieving the scales required by quantum information proposals. These atom chips form the basis for robust and widespread application of cold atoms ranging from atom optics to fundamental questions in mesoscopic physics, and possibly quantum information systems.},
	Author = {Bartenstein, M. and Cassettari, D. and Calarco, T. and Chenet, A. and Folman, R. and Brugger, K. and Haase, A. and Hartungen, E. and Hessmo, B. and Kasper, A. and Kruger, P. and Maier, T. and Payr, F. and Schneider, S. and Schmiedmayer, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:12 +0000},
	Journal = {Ieee Journal of Quantum Electronics},
	Keywords = {cold atoms manipulation miniaturisation trapping bose-einstein condensation guiding neutral atoms magnetic mirrors ground-state sodium atoms cold atoms trap fields gas collisions},
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {1364-1377},
	Title = {Atoms and wires: Toward atom chips},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000166316100004}}

@article{CT:Berman_chaos_2000,
	Abstract = {We describe the transition to quantum chaos of an ion trapped in a linear ion trap and interacting with two laser fields. Under the conditions of adiabatic illumination of the upper level of the ion, and when the frequencies of the two laser beams are slightly different, the system is reduced to a quantum linear oscillator interacting with a monochromatic wave. The property of localization over the quantum resonance cells is proposed to exploit in order to facilitate the process of measurement of the probability distribution of an ion on the vibrational levels. In the regime of strong chaos the time-averaged values of the energy and dispersion of energy are computed and compared with the corresponding classical quantities for different values of the perturbation amplitude. In the exact resonance case, the classical analog of the system possesses an infinite inhomogeneous stochastic web. We analyze the quantum dynamics inside the inhomogeneous web. It is shown that the quantum system mimics on average the dynamics of the corresponding classical system. Formation of the quantum resonance cells is illustrated in the case of a finite detuning from the exact resonance, and under increasing of the wave amplitude. The parameters of the model and the initial conditions are close to the real physical situation which can be realized in the system of cold trapped ion perturbed by two lasers fields with close frequencies. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1054-1500(00)01502-0].},
	Author = {Berman, G. P. and James, D. F. V. and Kamenev, D. I.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:13 +0000},
	Journal = {Chaos},
	Keywords = {cyclotron-resonance degenerate system state},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {371-382},
	Title = {Quantum chaos of an ion trapped in a linear ion trap},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000087346300010}}

@phdthesis{THS:Davies_2000,
	Author = {Caradoc-Davies, B. M.},
	School = {University of Otago},
	Title = {Vortex Dynamics in Bose-Einstein Condensates},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Vtx:Chevy_prl_2000,
	Abstract = {We study the quadrupole oscillation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of Rb-87 atoms confined in an axisymmetric magnetic trap, after it has been stirred by an auxiliary laser beam. The stirring may lead to the nucleation of one or more vortices, whose presence is revealed unambiguously by the precession of the axes of the quadrupolar mode. For a stirring frequency Omega below the single vortex nucleation threshold Omega(c), no measurable precession occurs. Just above Omega(c), the angular momentum deduced from the precession is similar to h. For stirring frequencies above Omega(c) the angular momentum is a smooth and increasing function of Omega, until an angular frequency is reached at which the vortex lattice disappears.},
	Author = {Chevy, F. and Madison, K. W. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:23:20 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {time-dependent traps collective excitations vortex stability gas vortices state},
	Number = {11},
	Pages = {2223-2227},
	Title = {Measurement of the angular momentum of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000089170900001}}

@article{BEC:Dalibard_jdp_2000,
	Abstract = {It is now possible to produce in the laboratory ultra-cold gases whose properties are very far from intuition. A large fraction of the atoms occupy the same quantum state, confirming thus a prediction made by Einstein 75 years ago. The discovery of these atomic condensates has allowed for a precise check of theoretical models initially developed to account for the superfluidity of cold liquid Helium. It opens the way to coherent atomic sources, which are the equivalent, for matter waves, of the maser and laser sources for electromagnetic waves.},
	Author = {Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:19 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal De Physique Iv},
	Keywords = {relative phase},
	Number = {P8},
	Pages = {3-12},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein condensation of an atomic gas},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000088092600002}}

@article{BEC:Denschlag_science_2000,
	Abstract = {Quantum phase engineering is demonstrated with two techniques that allow the spatial phase distribution of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to be written and read out. A quantum state was designed and produced by optically imprinting a phase pattern onto a BEC of sodium atoms, and matter-wave interferometry with spatially resolved imaging was used to analyze the resultant phase distribution. An appropriate phase imprint created solitons, the first experimental realization of this nonlinear phenomenon in a BEC. The subsequent evolution of these excitations was investigated both experimentally and theoretically.},
	Author = {Denschlag, J. and Simsarian, J. E. and Feder, D. L. and Clark, C. W. and Collins, L. A. and Cubizolles, J. and Deng, L. and Hagley, E. W. and Helmerson, K. and Reinhardt, W. P. and Rolston, S. L. and Schneider, B. I. and Phillips, W. D.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:19 +0000},
	Journal = {Science},
	Keywords = {bragg scattering atoms collisions waves},
	Number = {5450},
	Pages = {97-101},
	Title = {Generating solitons by phase engineering of a Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {287},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000084578400042}}

@article{Vtx:Feder_pra_2000,
	Abstract = {The nucleation of vortices and the resulting structures of vortex arrays in dilute, trapped, zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated numerically. Vortices are generated by rotating a three-dimensional, anisotropic harmonic atom trap. The condensate ground state is obtained by propagating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Vortices first appear at a rotation frequency significantly larger than the critical frequency for vortex stabilization, consistent with a critical velocity mechanism for vortex nucleation. At higher frequencies, the structures of the vortex arrays are strongly influenced by trap geometry.},
	Author = {Feder, D. L. and Clark, C. W. and Schneider, B. I.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:21 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {thomas-fermi approximation superfluid he-4 gas vortices excitations lines},
	Number = {1},
	Title = {Nucleation of vortex arrays in rotating anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000085168800014}}

@article{AO:Folman_prl_2000,
	Abstract = {Atoms can be trapped and guided using nanofabricated wires on surfaces, achieving the scales required by quantum information proposals. These atom chips form the basis for robust and widespread applications of cold atoms ranging from atom optics to fundamental questions in mesoscopic physics, and possibly quantum information systems.},
	Author = {Folman, R. and Kruger, P. and Cassettari, D. and Hessmo, B. and Maier, T. and Schmiedmayer, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:22 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation neutral atoms wire optics traps guides gas},
	Number = {20},
	Pages = {4749-4752},
	Title = {Controlling cold atoms using nanofabricated surfaces: Atom chips},
	Volume = {84},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000086997100059}}

@phdthesis{THS:Gardiner_2000,
	Author = {Gardiner, S.},
	School = {University of Innsbruck},
	Title = {Quantum Measurement, Quantum Chaos, and Bose-Einstein Condensates},
	Year = {2000}}

@phdthesis{CT:Gardiner_thesis_2000,
	Author = {Gardiner, S. A.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:26:15 +0000},
	School = {University of Innsbruck},
	Title = {Quantum Measurement, Quantum Chaos, and Bose-Einstein Condensates},
	Type = {PhD},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://massey.dur.ac.uk/sag/download}}

@article{CT:Gardiner_pra_2000,
	Abstract = {We consider the case of a cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with an additional chaotic potential, in the sense that such a potential produces chaotic dynamics in classical mechanics. We derive and describe an appropriate semiclassical limit to such a nonlinear Schrodinger equation, using a semiclassical interpretation of the Wigner function, and relate this to the hydrodynamic limit of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation used in the context of Bose-Einstein condensation. We investigate a specific example of a Gross-Pitaevskii equation with such a chaotic potential, the one-dimensional delta-kicked harmonic oscillator, and its semiclassical limit, discovering in the process an interesting interference effect, where increasing the strength of the repulsive nonlinearity promotes localization of the wave function. We explore the feasibility of an experimental realization of such a system in a Bose-Einstein condensate experiment, giving a concrete proposal of how to implement such a configuration, and considering the problem of condensate depletion.},
	Author = {Gardiner, S. A. and Jaksch, D. and Dum, R. and Cirac, J. I. and Zoller, P.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:23 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation kicked harmonic-oscillator quantum dynamics schrodinger-equations stochastic webs localization gas diffusion symmetry atoms},
	Number = {2},
	Title = {Nonlinear matter wave dynamics with a chaotic potential},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000088683400094}}

@article{Vtx:Isoshima_pra_2000,
	Abstract = {It is shown theoretically that a persistent current can be continuously created in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of alkali-metal atoms confined in a multiply connected region by making use of a spin degree of freedom of the order parameter of a BEC. We demonstrate that this persistent current is easily transformed into a vortex. Relaxation processes of these BEC after the confining field is turned off are also studied, so that our analyses are compared with time-of-flight experiments. The results are shown to clearly reflect the existence of a persistent current.},
	Author = {Isoshima, T. and Nakahara, M. and Ohmi, T. and Machida, K.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:38 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {gases},
	Number = {6},
	Title = {Creation of a persistent current and vortex in a Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali-metal atoms},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000087567900087}}

@article{Vtx:Jackson_pra_2000,
	Abstract = {Vortex dynamics in inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates are studied numerically in two and three dimensions. We simulate the precession of a single vortex around the center of a trapped condensate, and use the Magnus force to estimate the precession frequency. Vortex ring dynamics in a spherical trap are also simulated, and we discover that a ring undergoes oscillatory motion around a circle of maximum energy. The position of this locus is calculated as a function of the number of condensed atoms. In the presence of dissipation, the amplitude of the oscillation will increase, eventually resulting in self-annihilation of the ring.},
	Author = {Jackson, B. and McCann, J. F. and Adams, C. S.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:39 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {schrodinger-equation ground-state vortices gas stability model superflow atoms},
	Number = {1},
	Title = {Vortex line and ring dynamics in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000085168800058}}

@article{Vtx:Madison_prl_2000,
	Abstract = {Using a focused laser beam we stir a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb confined in a magnetic trap and observe the formation of a vortex for a stirring frequency exceeding a critical value. At larger rotation frequencies we produce states of the condensate for which up to four vortices are simultaneously present. We have also measured the lifetime of the single vortex state after turning off the stirring laser beam.},
	Author = {Madison, K. W. and Chevy, F. and Wohlleben, W. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:26:24 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {806-809},
	Title = {Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate},
	Volume = {84},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.806%20files/253/p806_1.html%20http://prl.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v84/i5/p806_1}}

@article{Vtx:Madison_jmo_2000,
	Abstract = {We stir with a focused laser beam a Bose-Einstein condensate of Rb-87 atoms confined in a magnetic trap. We observe the formation of a single vortex for a stirring frequency exceeding a critical value. At larger rotation frequencies we produce states of the condensate for which up to eleven vortices are simultaneously present. We present measurements of the decay of a vortex array once the stirring laser beam is removed.},
	Author = {Madison, K. W. and Chevy, F. and Wohlleben, W. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:03:37 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Modern Optics},
	Number = {14-15},
	Pages = {2715-2723},
	Title = {Vortices in a stirred Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://sfx7.usaco.co.jp/oist?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Vortices%20in%20a%20stirred%20Bose-Einstein%20condensate&rft.aufirst=KW&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.date=2000&rft.epage=2723&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0950-0340&rft.issue=14-15&rft.jtitle=JOURNAL%20OF%20MODERN%20OPTICS&rft.pages=2715-2723&rft.spage=2715&rft.stitle=J%20MOD%20OPTIC&rft.volume=47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwww.isinet.com%3AWoK%3AWOS&rft.au=Chevy%2C%20F&rft.au=Wohlleben%2C%20W&rft.au=Dalibard%2C%20J&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F095003400750039645}}

@article{AO:Mandonnet_epjd_2000,
	Abstract = {We present a theoretical analysis of the evaporative cooling of an atomic beam propagating in a magnetic guide. Cooling is provided by transverse evaporation. The atomic dynamics inside the guide is analyzed by solving the Boltzmann equation with two different approaches: an approximate analytical ansatz and a Monte-Carlo simulation. Within their domain of validity, these two methods are found to be in very good agreement with each other. They allow us to determine how the phase-space density and the flux of the beam vary along its direction of propagation. We find a significant increase for the phase-space density along the guide for realistic experimental parameters. By extrapolation, we estimate the length of the beam needed to reach quantum degeneracy.},
	Author = {Mandonnet, E. and Minguzzi, A. and Dum, R. and Carusotto, I. and Castin, Y. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:43 +0000},
	Journal = {European Physical Journal D},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation output coupler laser gas number},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {9-18},
	Title = {Evaporative cooling of an atomic beam},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000087209700002}}

@article{Vtx:Nakahara_physb_2000,
	Abstract = {Bose-Einstein condensation in alkali atoms has materialized quite an interesting system, namely a condensate with a spin degree of freedom. In analogy with the A-phase of the superfluid He-3, numerous textures with nonvanishing vorticity have been proposed. In the present paper, interesting properties of such spin textures are analyzed. We propose a remarkably simple method to create a vortex state of a BEC in alkali atoms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	Author = {Nakahara, M. and Isoshima, T. and Machida, K. and Ogawa, S. and Ohmi, T.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:47 +0000},
	Journal = {Physica B},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation texture vortex},
	Pages = {17-18},
	Title = {A simple method to create a vortex in Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali atoms},
	Volume = {284},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000087311700010}}

@article{Vtx:AboShaeer_sci_2001,
	Abstract = {Quantized vortices play a key role in superfluidity and superconductivity. We have observed the formation of highly ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Bose-condensed gas. These triangular lattices contained over 100 vortices with lifetimes of several seconds. Individual vortices persisted up to 40 seconds. The lattices could be generated over a wide range of rotation frequencies and trap geometries, shedding light on the formation process. Our observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.},
	Author = {Abo-Shaeer, J. R. and Raman, C. and Vogels, J. M. and Ketterle, W.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:09:44 +0000},
	Journal = {Science},
	Number = {5516},
	Pages = {476-479},
	Title = {Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates},
	Volume = {292},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/292/5516/476%20files/145/476.html%20http://www.sciencemag.org/content/292/5516/476.full.pdf}}

@article{BEC:Carusotto_pra_2001,
	Abstract = {We present a numerically tractable method to solve exactly the evolution of a N boson system with binary interactions. The density operator of the system rho is obtained as the stochastic average of particular operators \psi (1)][psi (2)\ of the system. The states \psi (1,2)] are either Fock states \N:phi (1,2)] or coherent states [coh: phi (1,2)] With each particle in the state phi (1,2)(x). We determine the conditions on the evolution of phi (1,2), which involves a stochastic element, under which we recover the exact evolution of rho. We discuss various possible implementations of these conditions. The well known positive P representation arises as a particular case of the coherent state ansatz. We treat numerically two examples: a two-mode system and a one-dimensional harmonically confined gas. These examples, together with an analytical estimate of the noise, show that the Fock state ansatz is the most promising one in terms of precision and stability of the numerical solution.},
	Author = {Carusotto, I. and Castin, Y. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:23:21 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {einstein condensation quantum dynamics gas number evolution validity symmetry equation traps},
	Number = {2},
	Title = {N-boson time-dependent problem: A reformulation with stochastic wave functions},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000166867900088}}

@article{BEC:Castin_arxiv_2001,
	Abstract = {These notes present simple theoretical approaches to study Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped atomic gases and their comparison to recent experimental results : - the ideal Bose gas model - Fermi pseudopotential to model the atomic interaction potential - finite temperature Hartree-Fock approximation - Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate wavefunction - what we learn from a linearization of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation - Bogoliubov approach and thermodynamical stability - phase coherence properties of Bose-Einstein condensates - symmetry breaking description of condensates},
	Author = {Castin, Yvan},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:09:06 +0000},
	Journal = {arXiv:cond-mat/0105058},
	Keywords = {Condensed Matter},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic gases: simple theoretical results},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0105058%20files/148/Castin%20-%202001%20-%20Bose-Einstein%20condensates%20in%20atomic%20gases%20simple%20.html}}

@article{Vtx:Chevy_aoi_2001,
	Abstract = {Using a focused laser beam we stir a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a magnetic trap. When the stirring frequency lies near a critical value, compatible with the quadrupolar mode resonance, we observe the nucleation of a vortex even for a very small stirring anisotropy (of the order of 1%). The results: presented here demonstrate that the nucleation of vortices in the case of a trapped BEC is driven by the resonant excitation of the rotating quadrupolar mode. Using a percussive excitation of the condensate, we measure the angular momentum of the condensate with the vortex, and we find that it is similar to h per particle, as expected. For larger stirring frequencies, regular arrays of vortices are observed. (C) 2001 Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.},
	Author = {Chevy, F. and Madison, K. and Bretin, V. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:23:22 +0000},
	Journal = {Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Iv Physique Astrophysique},
	Keywords = {cold atoms bose-einstein condensate vortex quadrupole oscillation rotation vortex stability scissors mode ground-state gas traps superfluidity excitations},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {663-669},
	Title = {Nucleation of quantized vortices in a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000169850500016}}

@article{BEC:Chevy_pra_2001,
	Abstract = {Using two radio frequency pulses separated in time we perform an amplitude division interference experiment on a rubidium. Bose-Einstein condensate. The presence of a quantized vortex, which is nucleated by stirring the condensate with a laser beam, is revealed by a dislocation in the fringe pattern.},
	Author = {Chevy, F. and Madison, K. W. and Bretin, V. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-26 02:23:24 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {time-dependent traps vortices interference gases},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {Interferometric detection of a single vortex in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000170978600011}}

@article{Vtx:Cooper_prl_2001,
	Abstract = {We investigate the ground states of weakly, interacting bosons in a rotating trap as a function of the number of bosons, N, and the average number of vortices, N-v. We identify the filling fraction nu = N/N-v as the parameter controlling the nature of these states. We present results indicating that, as a function of nu, there is a zero temperature phase transition between a triangular vortex lattice phase, and strongly correlated vortex liquid phases. The vortex liquid phases appear to be the Read-Rezayi parafermion states.},
	Author = {Cooper, N. R. and Wilkin, N. K. and Gunn, J. M. F.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:17 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {two-dimensional electrons hall states landau-level bosons},
	Number = {12},
	Title = {Quantum phases of vortices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000171122700005}}

@article{Num:Dutour_jmathphys_2001,
	Author = {Dutour, M.},
	Journal = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
	Title = {Phase diagram for Abrikosov lattice},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Vtx:Feder_prl_2001,
	Author = {Feder, David L. and Clark, Charles W.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:49 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {19},
	Pages = {190401},
	Title = {Superfluid-to-Solid Crossover in a Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.190401}}

@article{BEC:Gorlitz_prl_2001,
	Abstract = {Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms have been prepared in optical and magnetic traps in which the energy-level spacing in one or two dimensions exceeds the interaction energy between atoms, realizing condensates of lower dimensionality. The crossover into two-dimensional and one-dimensional condensates was observed by a change in aspect ratio and by the release energy converging to a nonzero value when the number of trapped atoms was reduced.},
	Author = {Gorlitz, A. and Vogels, J. M. and Leanhardt, A. E. and Raman, C. and Gustavson, T. L. and Abo-Shaeer, J. R. and Chikkatur, A. P. and Gupta, S. and Inouye, S. and Rosenband, T. and Ketterle, W.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:23 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {guiding neutral atoms trapped gases cold atoms confinement},
	Number = {13},
	Title = {Realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in lower dimensions},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000171219500002%20http://prl.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v87/i13/e130402}}

@article{AO:Haase_pra_2001,
	Abstract = {Simple and versatile traps for neutral atoms can be built using the magnetic potentials created by a current-carrying wire and a homogeneous bias field. These traps exhibit favorable scaling properties and can achieve parameters required for Bose-Einstein condensation traps at very low power consumption.},
	Author = {Haase, A. and Cassettari, D. and Hessmo, B. and Schmiedmayer, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:24 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {bose-einstein condensation cold atoms sodium atoms optics traps collisions chips li-7 gas},
	Number = {4},
	Title = {Trapping neutral atoms with a wire},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000171609900089}}

@article{Vtx:Haljan_prl_2001,
	Author = {Haljan, P. C. and Coddington, I. and Engels, P. and Cornell, E. A.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:50 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {21},
	Pages = {210403},
	Title = {Driving Bose-Einstein-Condensate Vorticity with a Rotating Normal Cloud},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.210403}}

@article{Vtx:Ho_prl_2001,
	Abstract = {We show that as the number of vortices in a three dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate increases, the system reaches a "quantum Hall" regime where the density profile is a Gaussian in the xy plane and an inverted parabolic profile along z. The angular momentum of the system increases as the vortex lattice shrinks. However, Coriolis force prevents the unit cell of the vortex lattice from shrinking beyond a minimum size. Although the recent MIT experiment is not exactly in the quantum Hall regime, it is close enough for the present results to be used as a guide. The quantum Hall regime can be easily reached by moderate changes of the current experimental parameters.},
	Author = {Ho, T. L.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:29 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {bosons},
	Number = {6},
	Title = {Bose-Einstein condensates with large number of vortices},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000170310200003}}

@article{Vtx:Madison_prl_2001,
	Abstract = {Using a focused laser beam we stir a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a magnetic trap. We observe that the steady states of the condensate correspond to an elliptic cloud, stationary in the rotating frame. These steady states depend nonlinearly on the stirring parameters (amplitude and frequency), and various solutions can be reached experimentally depending on the path followed in this parameter space. These states can be dynamically unstable and we observe that such instabilities lead to vortex nucleation in the condensate.},
	Author = {Madison, K. W. and Chevy, F. and Bretin, V. and Dalibard, J.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:43 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Keywords = {excitations},
	Number = {20},
	Pages = {4443-4446},
	Title = {Stationary states of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate: Routes to vortex nucleation},
	Volume = {86},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000168623500006}}

@article{VTX:Martikainen_pra_2001,
	Abstract = {We propose a method for generating and controlling a spatially separated vortex-anti vortex pair in a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a toroidal potential. Our simulations of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation show that in toroidal condensates vortex dynamics are different from the dynamics in the homogeneous case. Our numerical results agree well with analytical calculations using the image method. Our proposal offers an effective example of coherent generation and control of vortex dynamics in atomic condensates.},
	Author = {Martikainen, J. P. and Suominen, K. A. and Santos, L. and Schulte, T. and Sanpera, A.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:44 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {dark solitons vortices dynamics gas instability states traps},
	Number = {6},
	Title = {Generation and evolution of vortex-antivortex pairs in Bose-Einstein condensates},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000172608200072}}

@article{Vtx:Raman_prl_2001,
	Author = {Raman, C. and Abo-Shaeer, J. R. and Vogels, J. M. and Xu, K. and Ketterle, W.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:08:50 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	Number = {21},
	Pages = {210402},
	Title = {Vortex Nucleation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.210402}}

@article{OL:Trombettoni_jphysb_2001,
	Abstract = {We study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate wavepacket trapped in an optical lattice. In the tight-binding limit, the system maps onto a discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Using a collective coordinate approximation, we investigate different dynamical regimes: diffusive (in which the boson wavepacket spreads out), self-trapped (with a self-induced pinning), breathing (where the centre of mass of the wavepacket moves with an oscillating width), and solitonic (in which the wavepacket shape is exactly preserved during the dynamics).},
	Author = {Trombettoni, A. and Smerzi, A.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:55 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics},
	Keywords = {arrays},
	Number = {23},
	Pages = {4711-4720},
	Title = {Variational dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in deep optical lattices},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000173890700016}}

@article{AO:Vitanov_arpc_2001,
	Abstract = {We review some basic techniques for laser-induced adiabatic population transfer between discrete quantum states in atoms and molecules.},
	Author = {Vitanov, N. V. and Halfmann, T. and Shore, B. W. and Bergmann, K.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:56 +0000},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Physical Chemistry},
	Keywords = {stimulated raman adiabatic passage level crossing coherent excitation landau-zener model stimulated raman-scattering light-induced potentials 3-level system driven induced continuum structure landau-zener calculation high vibrational-states quantum ladder system photon recoil energy n-level systems delayed pulses},
	Pages = {763-809},
	Title = {Laser-induced population transfer by adiabatic passage techniques},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E://WOS:000169246500026}}

@article{BEC:Adhikari_pra_2002,
	Abstract = {The effects of a sudden increase and decrease of the interatomic interaction and harmonic-oscillator trapping potential on vortices in a quasi two-dimensional rotating Bose--Einstein condensate are investigated using the mean-field Gross--Pitaevskii equation. We also study the decay of vortices when the rotation of the condensate is suddenly stopped. Upon a free expansion of a rotating BEC with vortices the radius of the vortex core increases more rapidly than the radius of the condensate.},
	Author = {Adhikari, Sadhan K. and Muruganandam, Paulsamy},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:10:33 +0000},
	Journal = {Physics Letters A},
	Keywords = {Bose--Einstein condensation Vortex state},
	Number = {3--4},
	Pages = {333-339},
	Title = {Effect of an impulsive force on vortices in a rotating Bose--Einstein condensate},
	Volume = {301},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375960102009805%20files/251/S0375960102009805.html%20http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0375960102009805/1-s2.0-S0375960102009805-main.pdf?_tid=c3f2c27c-3a18-11e3-b61f-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1382336559_b0571932781dbd1ec6aa81fb32ea5af2}}

@article{Vtx:Anglin_arxiv_2002,
	Author = {Anglin, J. R. and Crescimanno, M.},
	Journal = {arXiv},
	Title = {Inhomogeneous vortex matter},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{BEC:Brand_pra_2002,
	Abstract = {The connection between quantized vortices and dark solitons in a waveguidelike trap geometry is explored in the framework of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Variation of the transverse confinement leads from the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) regime, where solitons are stable, to 2D (or 3D) confinement, where soliton stripes are subject to a transverse modulational instability known as the "snake instability." We present numerical evidence of a regime of intermediate confinement where solitons decay into single, deformed vortices with solitonic properties rather than vortex pairs as associated with the "snake" metaphor. Further relaxing the transverse confinement leads to the production of two and then three vortices, which correlates perfectly with a Bogoliubov stability analysis. The decay of a stationary dark soliton (or, planar node) into a single solitonic vortex is predicted to be experimentally observable in a 3D harmonically confined dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensate.},
	Author = {Brand, J. and Reinhardt, W. P.},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-25 08:02:14 +0000},
	Journal = {Physical Review A},
	Keywords = {vortex solitons nonlinear media stability propagation stripes beams},
	Number = {4},
	Title = {Solitonic vortices and the fundamental modes of the "snake instability": Possibility of observation in the gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate},

repository: mlxd/PhDThesis

repo_name: mlxd/PhDThesis