text:
subject of numerous publications in medicine, bioinformatics and statistics journals. However, in many articles, the assessment of classification accuracy is carried out using suboptimal procedures and is not paid much attention. In this paper, we carefully review various statistical aspects of classifier evaluation and validation from a practical point of view. The main topics addressed are accuracy measures, error rate estimation procedures, variable selection, choice of classifiers and validation strategy.},
affiliation = {Sylvia Lawry Centre for MS Research (SLC), Hohenlindenerstr. 1, 81677 Munich, Germany.},
pages = {77--97},
volume = {6},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:21:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 22:21:51 +0100},
pmid = {19259405},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Boulesteix-2008-Cancer%20informatics_Evaluating%20Microarra.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2566},
rating = {0}
}

@book{Aday:2006,
author = {LA Aday and LJ Cornelius},
journal = {Book},
title = {Designing and Conducting Health Surveys: A Comprehensive Guide},
abstract = {Designing and Conducting Health Surveys is written for students, teachers, researchers, and anyone who conducts health surveys. This third edition of the standard reference in the field draws heavily on the most recent methodological research on survey design and the rich storehouse of insights and implications provided by cognitive research on question and questionnaire design in particular. This important resource presents a total survey error framework that is a useful compass for charting the dangerous waters between systematic and random errors that inevitably accompany the survey design enterprise. In addition, three new studies based on national, international, and state and local surveys---the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, California Health Interview Survey, and National Dental Malpractice Survey---are detailed that illustrate the range of design alternatives available at each stage of developing a survey and provide a sound basis for choosing among them.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:16:50 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p976},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Diaz-Uriarte:2009,
author = {R D\'iaz-Uriarte},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {The Analysis of Cross-Over Trials in Animal Behavior},
abstract = {Cross-over trials are frequently used in animal behavior experiments but are often analyzed incorrectly. In this report I review methods of analysis of cross-over trials in the context of animal behavior experiments. I group methods of analysis according to the type of response variable: non-parametric and robust methods for metric responses, parametric methods for metric responses ---linear mixed-e{\#}ects models---, models for categorical responses both non-parametric and parametric --- extensions of generalized linear models---, censored observations ---survival analysis--, and multivariate responses. Within-individual contrasts are explained in detail early on, as they are the basis of many di{\#}erent methods, from non-parametric to multivariate and survival-based models, and they o{\#}er a useful framework for extending the analysis of data from cross-over trials to situations where robust methods might be needed (e.g., permutation tests of censored multivariate responses). In this paper I also discuss some types of plots that are specific and particularly useful for crossover trials. Before conducting a study, it is of paramount importance to consider both the design and analysis, since the type of response can a{\#}ect the choice of design. Moreover, some types of responses can be very di{\#}cult to analyze, specially with small sample sizes, and can result in very low statistical power (in particular categorical and survival data), and might prompt us to redesign the experiment or consider measuring other responses.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:38:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:40:14 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1133},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Schober:1997,
author = {MF Schober and FG Conrad},
journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
title = {Does conversational interviewing reduce survey measurement error?},
pages = {576--602},
volume = {61},
year = {1997},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:47:49 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p952},
rating = {0}
}

@article{RabeHesketh:2003p6856,
author = {S Rabe-Hesketh and A Pickles and A Skrondal},
journal = {Statistical Modelling},
title = {Correcting for covariate measurement error in logistic regression using nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation},
abstract = {When covariates are measured with error, inference based on conventional generalized linear modelscanyieldbiasedestimatesofregressionparameters.Thisproblemcanpotentiallyberecti􏱊edbyusing generalizedlinearlatentandmixedmodels(GLLAMM),includinga measurementmodelfortherelationship between observed and true covariates. However, the models are typically estimated under the assumption that both the true covariates and the measurement errors are normally distributed, although skewed covariate distributions are often observed in practice. In this article we relax the normality assumption for the true covariates by developing nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation (NPMLE) for GLLAMMs. Themethodologyisappliedtoestimatingtheeffectofdietary􏱊breintakeoncoronaryheartdisease.Wealso assess the performance of estimation of regression parameters and empirical Bayes prediction of the true covariate. Normal as well as skewed covariate distributions are simulated and inference is performed based on both maximum likelihood assuming normality and NPMLE. Both estimators are unbiased and have similar root mean square errors when the true covariate is normal. With a skewed covariate, the conventional estimator is biased but has a smaller mean square error than the NPMLE. NPMLE produces substantially improved empirical Bayes predictions of the true covariate when its distribution is skewed.},
pages = {215--232},
volume = {3},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-03-06 10:32:38 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 10:54:58 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rabe-Hesketh-2003-Statistical%20Modelling_Correcting%20for%20covar.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6856},
rating = {0}
}

@article{MotsingerReif:2008p7512,
author = {Alison A Motsinger-Reif},
journal = {BMC Res Notes},
title = {The effect of alternative permutation testing strategies on the performance of multifactor dimensionality reduction},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) is a novel method developed to detect gene-gene interactions in case-control association analysis by exhaustively searching multi-locus combinations. While the end-goal of analysis is hypothesis generation, significance testing is employed to indicate statistical interest in a resulting model. Because the underlying distribution for the null hypothesis of no association is unknown, non-parametric permutation testing is used. Lately, there has been more emphasis on selecting all statistically significant models at the end of MDR analysis in order to avoid missing a true signal. This approach opens up questions about the permutation testing procedure. Traditionally omnibus permutation testing is used, where one permutation distribution is generated for all models. An alternative is n-locus permutation testing, where a separate distribution is created for each n-level of interaction tested. FINDINGS: In this study, we show that the false positive rate for the MDR method is at or below a selected alpha level, and demonstrate the conservative nature of omnibus testing. We compare the power and false positive rates of both permutation approaches and find omnibus permutation testing optimal for preserving power while protecting against false positives. CONCLUSION: Omnibus permutation testing should be used with the MDR method.},
affiliation = {Department of Statistics, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. alison.motsinger@gmail.com.},
pages = {139},
volume = {1},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:53:07 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:53:12 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1756-0500-1-139},
pii = {1756-0500-1-139},
pmid = {19116021},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Motsinger-Reif-2008-BMC%20Res%20Notes_The%20effect%20of%20altern.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7512},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Aulchenko:2010p10907,
author = {Yurii S Aulchenko and Maksim V Struchalin and Cornelia M van Duijn},
journal = {BMC Bioinformatics},
title = {ProbABEL package for genome-wide association analysis of imputed data},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over the last few years, genome-wide association (GWA) studies became a tool of choice for the identification of loci associated with complex traits. Currently, imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data are frequently used in GWA analyzes. Correct analysis of imputed data calls for the implementation of specific methods which take genotype imputation uncertainty into account. RESULTS: We developed the ProbABEL software package for the analysis of genome-wide imputed SNP data and quantitative, binary, and time-till-event outcomes under linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. For quantitative traits, the package also implements a fast two-step mixed model-based score test for association in samples with differential relationships, facilitating analysis in family-based studies, studies performed in human genetically isolated populations and outbred animal populations. CONCLUSIONS: ProbABEL package provides fast efficient way to analyze imputed data in genome-wide context and will facilitate future identification of complex trait loci.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. i.aoultchenko@erasmusmc.nl},
pages = {134},
volume = {11},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-04-11 13:52:55 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-11 13:52:56 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2105-11-134},
pii = {1471-2105-11-134},
pmid = {20233392},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Aulchenko-2010-BMC%20Bioinformatics_ProbABEL%20package%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10907},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Burge:2005p12317,
author = {J Burge and T Lane},
journal = {Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Machine Learning},
title = {Learning Class-Discriminative Dynamic Bayesian Networks},
abstract = {In	many	domains,	a	Bayesian	network' s topological structure is not known a priori and must be inferred from data. This requires a scoring function to measure how well a proposed network topology describes a set of data. Many commonly used scores such as BD, BDE, BDEU, etc., are not well suited for class discrimination. Instead, scores such as the class- conditional	likelihood	(CCL)	should	be employed. Unfortunately, CCL does not decompose and its application to large domains is not feasible. We introduce a decomposable score, approximate conditional likelihood (ACL) that is capable of identifying class discriminative structures. We show that dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) trained with ACL have classification efficacies competitive to those trained with CCL on a set of simulated data experiments. We also show that ACL-trained DBNs outperform BDE-trained DBNs, Gaussian na{\"\i}ve Bayes networks and support vector machines within a neuroscience domain too large for CCL.},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-06-12 09:36:00 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-12 09:36:41 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Burge-2005-Proceedings%20of%20the%2022nd%20International%20Conference%20on%20Machine%20Learning_Learning%20Class-Discr.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12317},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Reese:2002,
author = {R J Reese and K M Kieffer and B K Briggs},
journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
title = {A Reliability Generalization study of select measures of adult attachment style},
volume = {62},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1931},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sarpal:2008p8953,
author = {Deepak Sarpal and Bradley R Buchsbaum and Philip D Kohn and J Shane Kippenhan and Carolyn B Mervis and Colleen A Morris and Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg and Karen Faith Berman},
journal = {Cereb Cortex},
title = {A genetic model for understanding higher order visual processing: functional interactions of the ventral visual stream in Williams syndrome},
abstract = {Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a 1.6 Mb microdeletion on chromosome 7q11.23 and characterized by hypersocial personality and prominent visuospatial construction impairments. Previous WS studies have identified functional and structural abnormalities in the hippocampal formation, prefrontal regions crucial for amygdala regulation and social cognition, and the dorsal visual stream, notably the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Although aberrant ventral stream activation has not been found in WS, object-related visual information that is processed in the ventral stream is a critical source of input into these abnormal regions. The present study, therefore, examined neural interactions of ventral stream areas in WS. Using a passive face- and house-viewing paradigm, activation and functional connectivity of stimulus-selective regions in fusiform and parahippocampal gyri, respectively, were investigated. During house viewing, significant activation differences were observed between participants with WS and a matched control group in IPS. Abnormal functional connectivity was found between parahippocampal gyrus and parietal cortex and between fusiform gyrus and a network of brain regions including amygdala and portions of prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that abnormal upstream visual object processing may contribute to the complex cognitive/behavioral phenotype in WS and provide a systems-level characterization of genetically mediated abnormalities of neural interactions.},
affiliation = {Section on Integrative Neuroimaging, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.},
number = {10},
pages = {2402--9},
volume = {18},
year = {2008},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Intelligence, Phenotype, Visual Perception, Social Behavior, Adult, Male, Models: Genetic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Parietal Lobe, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Visual Cortex, Amygdala, Williams Syndrome, Photic Stimulation, Female, Visual Pathways, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:06:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:22:58 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhn004},
pii = {bhn004},
pmid = {18308711},
URL = {http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/18/10/2402},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sarpal-2008-Cereb%20Cortex_A%20genetic%20model%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8953},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Biemer:1992,
author = {PP Biemer and G Forsman},
journal = {JAMA},
title = {On the quality of reinterview data with application to the current population survey},
abstract = {"The [U.S.] Current Population Survey (CPS) reinterview sample consists of two subsamples: (a) a sample of CPS households is reinterviewed and the discrepancies between the reinterview responses and the original interview responses are reconciled for the purpose of obtaining more accurate responses..., and (b) a sample of CPS households, nonoverlapping with sample (a), is reinterviewed 'independently' of the original interview for the purpose of estimating simple response variance (SRV). In this article a model and estimation procedure are proposed for obtaining estimates of SRV from subsample (a) as well as the customary estimates of SRV from subsample (b)....Data from the CPS reinterview program for both subsamples (a) and (b) are analyzed both (1) to illustrate the methodology and (2) to check the validity of the CPS reinterview data. Our results indicate that data from subsample (a) are not consistent with the data from subsample (b) and provide convincing evidence that errors in subsample (a) are the source of the inconsistency." [PubMed excerpt]},
number = {420},
pages = {915--923},
volume = {87},
year = {1992},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:01:34 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1004},
rating = {0}
}

@article{McCarroll:2007p4250,
author = {Steven A McCarroll and David M Altshuler},
journal = {Nat Genet},
title = {Copy-number variation and association studies of human disease},
abstract = {The central goal of human genetics is to understand the inherited basis of human variation in phenotypes, elucidating human physiology, evolution and disease. Rare mutations have been found underlying two thousand mendelian diseases; more recently, it has become possible to assess systematically the contribution of common SNPs to complex disease. The known role of copy-number alterations in sporadic genomic disorders, combined with emerging information about inherited copy-number variation, indicate the importance of systematically assessing copy-number variants (CNVs), including common copy-number polymorphisms (CNPs), in disease. Here we discuss evidence that CNVs affect phenotypes, directions for basic knowledge to support clinical study of CNVs, the challenge of genotyping CNPs in clinical cohorts, the use of SNPs as markers for CNPs and statistical challenges in testing CNVs for association with disease. Critical needs are high-resolution maps of common CNPs and techniques that accurately determine the allelic state of affected individuals.},
affiliation = {Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. smccarro@broad.mit.edu},
number = {7 Suppl},
pages = {S37--42},
volume = {39},
year = {2007},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Genetics: Medical, Genetic Variation, Genetic Diseases: Inborn, Gene Dosage, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Phenotype, Bias (Epidemiology), Genotype},
date-added = {2010-01-21 10:59:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:21:03 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/ng2080},
pii = {ng2080},
pmid = {17597780},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/McCarroll-2007-Nat%20Genet_Copy-number%20variatio.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4250},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ulrich:1994p10819,
author = {R Ulrich and J Miller},
journal = {J Exp Psychol Gen},
title = {Effects of truncation on reaction time analysis},
abstract = {Many reaction time (RT) researchers truncate their data sets, excluding as spurious all RTs falling outside a prespecified range. Such truncation can introduce bias because extreme but valid RTs may be excluded. This article examines biasing effects of truncation under various assumptions about the underlying distributions of valid and spurious RTs. For the mean, median, standard deviation, and skewness of RT, truncation bias is larger than some often-studied experimental effects. Truncation can also seriously distort linear relations between RT and an independent variable, additive RT patterns in factorial designs, and hazard functions, but it has little effect on statistical power. The authors report a promising maximum likelihood procedure for estimating properties of an untruncated distribution from a truncated sample and present in an appendix a set of procedures to control for truncation biases when testing hypotheses.},
affiliation = {University of Konstanz, Germany.},
number = {1},
pages = {34--80},
volume = {123},
year = {1994},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Proportional Hazards Models, Reaction Time, Statistics as Topic, Bias (Epidemiology), Mathematics, Research Design},
date-added = {2010-04-10 03:29:37 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:34:06 +0200},
pmid = {8138779},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ulrich-1994-J%20Exp%20Psychol%20Gen_Effects%20of%20truncatio.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10819},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kendler:2008p13512,
author = {Kenneth S Kendler and Steven H Aggen and Nikolai Czajkowski and Espen R{\o}ysamb and Kristian Tambs and Svenn Torgersen and Michael C Neale and Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud},
journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
title = {The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for DSM-IV personality disorders: a multivariate twin study},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Although both genetic and environmental factors affect risk of individual personality disorders (PDs), we know little of how they contribute to the pattern of comorbidity between the PDs in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV). OBJECTIVE: To clarify the structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for the 10 DSM-IV PDs. DESIGN: Assessment of PDs at personal interview and multivariate twin modeling with the Mx program. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2794 young adult members of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel. Main Outcome Measure Number of endorsed criteria for the 10 DSM-IV PDs. RESULTS: The best-fit multivariate twin model required 3 genetic and 3 individual-specific environmental factors and genetic and individual-specific factors unique to each PD. The first genetic factor had high loadings on PDs from all 3 clusters including paranoid, histrionic, borderline, narcissistic, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive. The second genetic factor had substantial loadings only on borderline and antisocial PD. The third genetic factor had high loadings only on schizoid and avoidant PD. Several PDs had substantial disorder-specific genetic risk factors. The first, second, and third individual-specific environmental factors had high loadings on the cluster B, A, and C PDs, respectively, with 1 exception: obsessive-compulsive PD loaded with cluster B and not cluster C PDs. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic risk factors for DSM-IV PDs do not reflect the cluster A, B, and C typology. Rather, 1 genetic factor reflects a broad vulnerability to PD pathology and/or negative emotionality. The 2 other genetic factors are more specific and reflect high impulsivity/low agreeableness and introversion. Unexpectedly, the cluster A, B, and C typology is well reflected in the structure of environmental risk factors, suggesting that environmental experiences may be responsible for the tendency of cluster A, B, and C PDs to co-occur.},
affiliation = {Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA. kendler@vcu.edu},
number = {12},
pages = {1438--46},
volume = {65},
year = {2008},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Interview: Psychological, Social Environment, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Female, Humans, Twins, Norway, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Adult, Personality Disorders, Male, Catchment Area (Health)},
date-added = {2010-07-07 21:05:44 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-07 21:05:44 +0200},
doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1438},
pii = {65/12/1438},
pmid = {19047531},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kendler-2008-Arch%20Gen%20Psychiatry_The%20structure%20of%20gen.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13512},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Goeman:2010p2302,
author = {J J Goeman},
title = {L1 penalized estimation in the Cox proportional hazards model},
abstract = {This paper presents a novel algorithm that efficiently computes L1 penalized (lasso) estimates of parameters in high dimensional models. The lasso has the property that it simultaneously performs variable selection and shrinkage, which makes it very useful for finding interpretable prediction rules in high-dimensional data. The new algorithm is based on a combination of gradient ascent optimiza- tion with the Newton-Raphson algorithm. It is described for a general likelihood function and can be applied in generalized linear models and other models with an L1 penalty. The algorithm is demonstrated in the Cox proportional hazards model, predicting survival of breast cancer patients using gene expression data, and its performance is compared with competing approaches. An R package, penalized, that implements the method, is available on CRAN.},
affiliation = {Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S5-P, P.O. Box 9604, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands},
keywords = {lasso, Survival, gradient ascent, penalty},
date-added = {2010-01-10 12:14:14 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 12:15:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Goeman--_L1%20penalized%20estimat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2302},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Pollak:2002p8233,
author = {Seth D Pollak and Doris J Kistler},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
title = {Early experience is associated with the development of categorical representations for facial expressions of emotion},
abstract = {A fundamental issue in human development concerns how the young infant's ability to recognize emotional signals is acquired through both biological programming and learning factors. This issue is extremely difficult to investigate because of the variety of sensory experiences to which humans are exposed immediately after birth. We examined the effects of emotional experience on emotion recognition by studying abused children, whose experiences violated cultural standards of care. We found that the aberrant social experience of abuse was associated with a change in children's perceptual preferences and also altered the discriminative abilities that influence how children categorize angry facial expressions. This study suggests that affective experiences can influence perceptual representations of basic emotions.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. spollak@wisc.edu},
note = {psytools},
number = {13},
pages = {9072--6},
volume = {99},
year = {2002},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Facial Expression, Humans, Case-Control Studies, Child Abuse, Child, Female, Emotions},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:59:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 20:00:03 +0100},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.142165999},
pii = {142165999},
pmid = {12072570},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Pollak-2002-Proc%20Natl%20Acad%20Sci%20USA_Early%20experience%20is.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8233},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Asmussen:1983p6270,
author = {S Asmussen and D Edwards},
journal = {Biometrika},
title = {Collapsibility and response variables in contingency tables},
number = {3},
pages = {567--578},
volume = {70},
year = {1983},
date-added = {2010-02-19 22:09:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 22:10:50 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Asmussen-1983-Biometrika_Collapsibility%20and%20r.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6270},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kononenko:2010p1843,
author = {I Kononenko},
title = {Inductive and bayesian learning in medical diagnosis},
date-added = {2010-01-10 10:41:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 10:42:55 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kononenko--_Inductive%20and%20bayesi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1843},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hanson:2002,
author = {W E Hanson and K T Curry and D L Bandalos},
journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
title = {Reliability Generalization of Working Alliance Inventory scale scores},
volume = {62},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2159},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lam:2009p4538,
author = {Elegance Ting Pui Lam and Cindy Lo Kuen Lam and Ching Lung Lai and Man Fung Yuen and Daniel Yee Tak Fong},
journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
title = {Psychometrics of the chronic liver disease questionnaire for Southern Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection},
abstract = {AIM: To test the psychometric properties of a Chinese [(Hong Kong) HK] translation of the chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ). METHODS: A Chinese (HK) translation of the CLDQ was developed by iterative translation and cognitive debriefing. It was then administered to 72 uncomplicated and 78 complicated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in Hong Kong together with a structured questionnaire on service utilization, and the Chinese (HK) SF-36 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2). RESULTS: Scaling success was > or = 80% for all but three items. A new factor assessing sleep was found and items of two (Fatigue and Systemic Symptoms) subscales tended to load on the same factor. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities ranged from 0.58-0.90 for different subscales. Construct validity was confirmed by the expected correlations between the SF-36v2 Health Survey and CLDQ scores. Mean scores of CLDQ were significantly lower in complicated compared with uncomplicated CHB, supporting sensitivity in detecting differences between groups. CONCLUSION: The Chinese (HK) CLDQ is valid, reliable and sensitive for patients with CHB. Some modifications to the scaling structure might further improve its psychometric properties.},
affiliation = {Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. etplam@gmail.com},
number = {26},
pages = {3288--97},
volume = {15},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Hepatitis B: Chronic, Male, Female, Sensitivity and Specificity, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Psychometrics, Health Surveys, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Questionnaires, Aged, Language, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Adult},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:27:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:55:16 +0200},
pmid = {19598306},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lam-2009-World%20J%20Gastroenterol_Psychometrics%20of%20the.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4538},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bolton:2010p4923,
author = {J M Bolton and J Pagura and M W Enns and B Grant and J Sareen},
journal = {J Psychiatr Res},
title = {A population-based longitudinal study of risk factors for suicide attempts in major depressive disorder},
abstract = {No longitudinal study has examined risk factors for future suicide attempts in major depressive disorder in a nationally representative sample. The objective of this study was to investigate baseline sociodemo- graphic characteristics, comorbid mental disorders, specific depressive symptoms, and previous suicidal behavior as potential risk factors for suicide attempts at 3 years follow-up. Data came from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions (NESARC), a large nationally representative lon- gitudinal survey of mental illness in adults [Wave 1 (2001--2002); Wave 2 (2004--2005) n = 34,653]. Logistic regression examined associations between risk factors present at Wave 1 and suicide attempts at Wave 2 (n=169) among individuals with major depressive disorder at baseline assessment (n = 6004). Risk factors for incident suicide attempts at Wave 2 (n = 63) were identified among those with major depressive disorder at Wave 1 and no lifetime history of suicide attempts (n = 5170). Results revealed specific comorbid anxiety, personality, and substance use disorders to be associated with inci- dent suicide attempts at Wave 2. Comorbid borderline personality disorder was strongly associated with suicide attempts in all models. Several comorbid disorders were strongly associated with suicide attempts at Wave 2 even after adjusting for previous suicidal behavior, notably posttraumatic stress dis- order (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.27--3.83) and dependent per- sonality disorder (AOR = 4.43; 95% CI 1.93--10.18). These findings suggest that mental illness comorbidity confers an increased risk of future suicide attempts in major depressive disorder that is not solely accounted for by past suicidal behavior.},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-02-02 11:27:42 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:35:53 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bolton-2010-J%20Psychiatr%20Res_A%20population-based%20l.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4923},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Reichenheim:2007p5349,
author = {Michael Eduardo Reichenheim and Claudia Leite Moraes},
journal = {Rev Saude Publica},
title = {[Operationalizing the cross-cultural adaptation of epidemiological measurement instruments]},
abstract = {The objective of the article was to offer an operational framework to assess cross cultural adaptation processes of instruments developed in other linguistic, social and cultural contexts. It covers the need for using robust measurement tools; the importance of 'universal' instruments that permit cross cultural fine-tuning; and stresses the need for adapting existent instruments rather than developing new ones. Existing controversies and proposals for different procedures in current literature are reviewed and a model for adapting instruments is presented. This synthesis covers the operational steps involved in evaluating concepts, semantic and operational items, and presents psychometric analysis guidelines that underlay an evaluation of measurement equivalence. Finally, the need for adequately controlling the quality of information presented in epidemiological studies, including a meticulous cross-cultural adaptation of research agendas, is reinforced.},
affiliation = {Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. michael@ims.uerj.br},
number = {4},
pages = {665--73},
volume = {41},
year = {2007},
month = {Aug},
language = {por},
keywords = {Questionnaires, Translating, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Epidemiologic Studies, Humans},
date-added = {2010-02-11 09:10:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-11 09:10:19 +0100},
pii = {S0034-89102007000400024},
pmid = {17589768},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5349},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cheng:2010p12918,
author = {Y Cheng and K H Yuan},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {The impact of fallible item parameter estimates on latent trait recovery},
abstract = {In this paper we propose an upward correction to the standard error (SE) estimation of θˆML, the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the latent trait in item response theory (IRT). More specifically, the upward correction is provided for the SE of θˆML when item parameter estimates obtained from an independent pretest sample are used in IRT scoring. When item parameter estimates are employed, the resulting latent trait estimate is called pseudo maximum likelihood (PML) estimate. Traditionally, the SE of θˆML is obtained on the basis of test information only, as if the item parameters are known. The upward correction takes into account the error that is carried over from the estimation of item parameters, in addition to the error in latent trait recovery itself. Our simulation study shows that both types of SE estimates are very good when θ is in the middle range of the latent trait distribution, but the upward- corrected SEs are more accurate than the traditional ones when θ takes more extreme values.},
number = {2},
pages = {280--291},
volume = {75},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-06-24 18:01:03 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-24 18:02:11 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/S11336-009-9144-X},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cheng-2010-Psychometrika_The%20impact%20of%20fallib.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12918},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gelhorn:2009,
author = {Heather Gelhorn and Christie Hartman and Joseph Sakai and Susan Mikulich-Gilbertson and Michael Stallings and Susan Young and Soo Rhee and Robin Corley and John Hewitt and Christian Hopfer and Thomas Crowley},
journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
title = {An item response theory analysis of DSM-IV conduct disorder.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined DSM-IV conduct disorder (CD) symptom criteria in a community sample of male and female adolescents to evaluate the extent to which DSM-IV criteria characterize the range of severity of adolescent antisocial behavior within and across sex. METHOD: Interviews were conducted with 3,208 adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 years using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Item response theory analyses were performed to obtain severity and discrimination parameters for each of the lifetime DSM-IV CD symptom criteria. In addition, item response theory-based differential item functioning analyses were conducted to examine the extent to which the symptom criteria function similarly across sex. RESULTS: The DSM-IV CD symptom criteria are useful and meaningful indicators of severe adolescent antisocial behavior. A single item ("Steal without Confrontation") was a poor indicator of severe antisocial behavior. The CD symptom criteria function similarly across sex; however, three items had significantly different severity parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The DSM-IV CD criteria are informative as categorical and continuous measures of severe adolescent antisocial behavior; however, some CD criteria display sex bias.},
affiliation = {School of Medicine at the University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA. Heather.Gelhorn@UCHSC.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {42--50},
volume = {48},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:38:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:38:22 +0100},
doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e31818b1c4e},
pmid = {19034046},
URL = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31818b1c4e},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1165},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wallace:2006p9135,
author = {Helen M Wallace},
journal = {Theoretical biology {\&} medical modelling},
title = {A model of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and its implications for targeting environmental interventions by genotype},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The potential public health benefits of targeting environmental interventions by genotype depend on the environmental and genetic contributions to the variance of common diseases, and the magnitude of any gene-environment interaction. In the absence of prior knowledge of all risk factors, twin, family and environmental data may help to define the potential limits of these benefits in a given population. However, a general methodology to analyze twin data is required because of the potential importance of gene-gene interactions (epistasis), gene-environment interactions, and conditions that break the 'equal environments' assumption for monozygotic and dizygotic twins. METHOD: A new model for gene-gene and gene-environment interactions is developed that abandons the assumptions of the classical twin study, including Fisher's (1918) assumption that genes act as risk factors for common traits in a manner necessarily dominated by an additive polygenic term. Provided there are no confounders, the model can be used to implement a top-down approach to quantifying the potential utility of genetic prediction and prevention, using twin, family and environmental data. The results describe a solution space for each disease or trait, which may or may not include the classical twin study result. Each point in the solution space corresponds to a different model of genotypic risk and gene-environment interaction. CONCLUSION: The results show that the potential for reducing the incidence of common diseases using environmental interventions targeted by genotype may be limited, except in special cases. The model also confirms that the importance of an individual's genotype in determining their risk of complex diseases tends to be exaggerated by the classical twin studies method, owing to the 'equal environments' assumption and the assumption of no gene-environment interaction. In addition, if phenotypes are genetically robust, because of epistasis, a largely environmental explanation for shared sibling risk is plausible, even if the classical heritability is high. The results therefore highlight the possibility--previously rejected on the basis of twin study results--that inherited genetic variants are important in determining risk only for the relatively rare familial forms of diseases such as breast cancer. If so, genetic models of familial aggregation may be incorrect and the hunt for additional susceptibility genes could be largely fruitless.},
affiliation = {GeneWatch UK, The Mill House, Tideswell, Buxton, Derbyshire, SK17 8LN, UK. helen.wallace@genewatch.org},
pages = {35},
volume = {3},
year = {2006},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genes, Risk Assessment, Models: Genetic, Genotype, Environment, Primary Prevention, Humans, Twin Studies as Topic},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:28:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 13:28:59 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1742-4682-3-35},
pii = {1742-4682-3-35},
pmid = {17029623},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wallace-2006-Theoretical%20biology%20&%20medical%20modelling_A%20model%20of%20gene-gene.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9135},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Grabmeier:2002p3496,
author = {J Grabmeier and A Rudolph},
journal = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
title = {Techniques of Cluster Algorithms in Data Mining},
abstract = {An overview of cluster analysis techniques from a data mining point of view is given. This is done by a strict separation of the questions of various similarity and distance measures and related optimization criteria for clusterings from the methods to create and modify clusterings themselves. In addition to this general setting and overview, the second focus is used on discussions of the essential ingredients of the demographic cluster algorithm of IBM's Intelligent Miner, based Condorcet's criterion.},
pages = {303--360},
volume = {6},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-15 15:27:16 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 15:28:16 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Grabmeier-2002-Data%20Mining%20and%20Knowledge%20Discovery_Techniques%20of%20Cluste.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3496},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Robert:2010p13336,
author = {Christian P Robert and Jean-Michel Marin},
journal = {arXiv},
title = {On computational tools for Bayesian data analysis},
abstract = { While Robert and Rousseau (2010) addressed the foundational aspects of Bayesian analysis, the current chapter details its practical aspects through a review of the computational methods available for approximating Bayesian procedures. Recent innovations like Monte Carlo Markov chain, sequential Monte Carlo methods and more recently Approximate Bayesian Computation techniques have considerably increased the potential for Bayesian applications and they have also opened new avenues for Bayesian inference, first and foremost Bayesian model choice. },
annote = {This is a chapter for the book "Bayesian Methods and Expert
  Elicitation" edited by Klaus Bocker, 23 pages, 9 figures},
eprint = {1002.2684v2},
volume = {stat.CO},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
keywords = {stat.ME, stat.CO},
date-added = {2010-07-01 19:10:15 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 19:10:15 +0200},
pmid = {1002.2684v2},
URL = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1002.2684v2},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Robert-2010-arXiv_On%20computational%20too.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13336},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Blais:2003p4093,
author = {J G Blais and N Loye},
title = {Une {\'e}tude de l'accord et de la fid{\'e}lit{\'e} inter juges comparant un mod{\`e}le de la th{\'e}orie de la g{\'e}n{\'e}ralisabilit{\'e} et un mod{\`e}le de la famille de Rasch},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-19 23:23:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 23:24:08 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Blais-2003-_Une%20e%CC%81tude%20de%20l%E2%80%99acco.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4093},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Goldberg:1982p13830,
author = {L R Goldberg},
title = {From ace to zombie: Some explorations in the language of personality},
year = {1982},
date-added = {2010-07-29 17:11:05 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 17:11:44 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Goldberg-1982-_From%20ace%20to%20zombie.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13830},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Straus:1996p8309,
author = {M A Straus and S L Hamby and S Boney-McCoy and D B Sugarman},
journal = {Journal of Family Issues},
title = {The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Develoyment and Preliminary Psychometric Data},
note = {psytools},
number = {3},
pages = {283--316},
volume = {17},
year = {1996},
date-added = {2010-03-20 20:06:00 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 20:07:53 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Straus-1996-Journal%20of%20Family%20Issues_The%20Revised%20Conflict.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8309},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Agresti:1999,
author = {Alan Agresti},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Modeling ordered categorical data: Recent advances and futur challenges},
abstract = {This article summarizes recent advances in the modelling of ordered categorical (ordinal) response variables. We begin by reviewing some models for ordinal data introduced in the literature in the past 25 years. We then survey recent extensions of these models and related methodology for special types of applications, such as for repeated measurement and other forms of clustering. We also survey other aspects of ordinal modelling, such as small-sample analyses, power and sample size considerations, and availability of software. Throughout, we suggest problem areas for future research and we highlight challenges for statisticians who deal with ordinal data.},
pages = {2191--2207},
volume = {18},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:17:57 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1882},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rigozzi:2004p12137,
author = {C Rigozzi and J Rossier},
journal = {Annales M{\'e}dico Psychologiques},
title = {Validation of a short form of the TCI (TCI-56) on a sample of young smokers and non-smokers},
abstract = {The psychobiological seven-factor model proposed by Cloninger et al. (1993) takes into account temperament and character dimensions to describe personality. Four of the dimensions are linked with biological, genetic and neuroanatomic structures, whereas the three other dimensions are related to the degree of individual, social and spiritual development. A study conducted by Wills et al. (1994) with adolescents showed that substance abuse was associated with high scores on Novelty Seeking and low scores on Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence. The aim of the present study was, firstly, to create a short form of Cloninger's temperament and character inventory (TCI) and, secondly, to study the impact of nicotine dependence as well as demographic variables on a sample of young adults. We created a short form of the TCI containing 56 items (TCI-56), eight for each scale. Responses are made on a five-point Likert type scale. A Swiss sample (n = 211), of 116 women and 95 men, aged from 15 to 30 years, participated in this study. Our population was divided into a group of 81 smokers and another of 130 non-smokers, according to their scores on the Fagerst{\"o}rm test for nicotine dependence (1999). The structural validation consisted of two separate factor analysis with varimax rotations, one for the temperamental items, and the other, for the character ones. The first factor analysis conducted on the items of the temperament scales allowed to extract four factors explaining 40.7% of the variance. The correlations between factors and scales are the following: r = 0.71 for Novelty Seeking, r = 0.69 for Persistence, r = 0.95 for Harm Avoidance, r = 0.94 for Reward Dependence. The second factor analysis conducted on the items of the character scales allowed to extract three factors explaining 41.5% of the variance. The correlations between factors and scales are the following: r = 0.94 for Self-Directedness, r = 0.91 for Cooperativeness and r = 0.99 for Self-Transcendence. The internal consistencies range from  = 0.65 to  = 0.75 for the temperament scales, and from  = 0.71 to  = 0.83 for the three character scales. Concerning, the impact of the nicotine dependence, we observed that smokers have significantly higher scores for Novelty seeking, than non-smokers (P = 0.01). We found no difference for Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence. Nevertheless, smokers seem to have the tendency to score higher on Transcendence (P = 0.06). Moreover, people having smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their life have significantly higher scores on this scale (P = 0.04) and the correlation between Transcendence and the Fagerst{\"o}rm test is significant (r = 0.19). We also found gender differences: the women (N = 116) obtain significantly higher scores for Harm Avoidance (P < 0.001), for Reward Dependence (P < 0.001) and for Cooperation (P = 0.01). We further found a significant correlation between age and Self-Directedness, r = 0.34. We observed no interaction between gender and smoking or age and smoking on the dimensions of the TCI-56. The TCI short form (TCI-56) seems to be a valid and useful inventory to assess personality differences. Confirming the results of others about the relation between addiction and personality, we found that smokers have significantly higher scores for Novelty seeking, than non-smokers. But we were not able to find any significant differences for Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence. This might be due to our sample that was made of young adults. This study also shows that Transcendence could be an interesting dimension for studies on tobacco smoking to consider. Concerning the impact of demographic variables, we observed that age and gender have specific and coherent influence on personality.},
pages = {541--548},
volume = {162},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-05-30 10:33:03 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-30 10:34:31 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rigozzi-2004-Annales%20Me%CC%81dico%20Psychologiques_Validation%20of%20a%20shor.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12137},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Muthen:1981p11750,
author = {B Muth{\'e}n and A Christoffersson},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Simultaneous factor analysis of dichotomous variables in several groups},
number = {4},
pages = {407--419},
volume = {46},
year = {1981},
date-added = {2010-05-14 21:56:46 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-14 21:58:03 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Muth%C3%A9n-1981-Psychometrika_Simultaneous%20factor.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11750},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Whitehead:2005p14032,
author = {Andrew Whitehead and Douglas L Crawford},
journal = {Genome Biol},
title = {Variation in tissue-specific gene expression among natural populations},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Variation in gene expression is extensive among tissues, individuals, strains, populations and species. The interactions among these sources of variation are relevant for physiological studies such as disease or toxic stress; for example, it is common for pathologies such as cancer, heart failure and metabolic disease to be associated with changes in tissue-specific gene expression or changes in metabolic gene expression. But how conserved these differences are among outbred individuals and among populations has not been well documented. To address this we examined the expression of a selected suite of 192 metabolic genes in brain, heart and liver in three populations of the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus using a highly replicated experimental design. RESULTS: Half of the genes (48%) were differentially expressed among individuals within a population-tissue group and 76% were differentially expressed among tissues. Differences among tissues reflected well established tissue-specific metabolic requirements, suggesting that these measures of gene expression accurately reflect changes in proteins and their phenotypic effects. Remarkably, only a small subset (31%) of tissue-specific differences was consistent in all three populations. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that many tissue-specific differences in gene expression are unique to one population and thus are unlikely to contribute to fundamental differences between tissue types. We suggest that those subsets of treatment-specific gene expression patterns that are conserved between taxa are most likely to be functionally related to the physiological state in question.},
affiliation = {Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. awhitehead@rsmas.miami.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {R13},
volume = {6},
year = {2005},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Variation, Gene Expression, Fundulidae, Liver, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Organ Specificity, Male, Animals, Myocardium, Gene Expression Profiling, Reproducibility of Results},
date-added = {2010-08-09 10:04:42 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-09 10:04:42 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/gb-2005-6-2-r13},
pii = {gb-2005-6-2-r13},
pmid = {15693942},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Whitehead-2005-Genome%20Biol_Variation%20in%20tissue.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14032},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Altman:2001,
author = {Douglas G Altman},
journal = {British Medical Journal},
title = {Systematic reviews of evaluations of prognostic variables},
abstract = {Prognostic studies include clinical studies of variables predictive of future events as well as epidemiological studies of aetiological risk factors. As multiple similar studies accumulate it becomes increasingly important to identify and evaluate all of the relevant studies to develop a more reliable overall assessment. For prognostic studies this is not straightforward. Box 1 summarises the clinical importance of information on prognostic factors. Many of the issues discussed are also relevant to aetiological studies, especially cohort ones. Some features of prognostic studies lead to particular difficulties for the systematic reviewer. Firstly, in most clinical prognostic studies the outcome of primary interest is the time to an event, often death. Meta-analysis of such studies is rather more difficult than that for binary data or continuous measurements. Secondly, in many contexts the prognostic variable of interest is often one of several prognostic variables. When examining a variable of interest researchers should consider other prognostic variables with which it might be correlated. Thirdly, many prognostic factors are continuous variables, for which researchers use a wide variety of methods of analysis.},
pages = {224--228},
volume = {323},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:20:56 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1098},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vanAsselt:2009p6659,
author = {A D I van Asselt and C D Dirksen and A Arntz and J H Giesen-Bloo and J L Severens},
journal = {Eur Psychiatry},
title = {The EQ-5D: A useful quality of life measure in borderline personality disorder?},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric disorder and is associated with significant impairment in quality of life. The aim of the present study is to assess the internal and external responsiveness of the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) in BPD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 49 patients included in a multi-center Dutch randomized trial were used. We used both the EQ-5D utility score and the Visual Analogue Scale of the EuroQoL, and the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index-IV (BPDSI-IV). To determine internal responsiveness, we calculated the standardized response mean (SRM). To determine external responsiveness, we calculated Spearman correlations for the change scores, and compared EQ-5D scores for clinically improved vs. non-clinically improved patients as measured with the BPDSI-IV. RESULTS: Patient scores improved on all instruments during the three years. SRMs for BPDSI-IV were significantly higher than EQ-5D utility. Three-year Spearman correlation between change scores of BPDSI-IV and EQ-5D utility was 0.487, between BPDSI-IV and EQ-VAS it was 0.404, both statistically significant. EQ-5D utility scores for patients who clinically improved were significantly higher than for patients who did not. DISCUSSION: We conclude that the EQ-5D is fairly responsive in BPD, and, therefore, especially because of its brevity and user-friendliness, can serve as a useful tool in economic evaluations in patients with BPD.},
affiliation = {Department Of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. thea.van.asselt@mumc.nl},
number = {2},
pages = {79--85},
volume = {24},
year = {2009},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Questionnaires, Female, Pain Measurement, Self Disclosure, Severity of Illness Index, Borderline Personality Disorder, Netherlands, Male, Interview: Psychological, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Humans, Quality of Life, Adult},
date-added = {2010-03-03 20:41:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-03 20:41:25 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.11.001},
pii = {S0924-9338(08)01654-4},
pmid = {19095421},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20Asselt-2009-Eur%20Psychiatry_The%20EQ-5D%20A%20useful.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6659},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zubicaray:2007,
author = {G de Zubicaray and K McMahon and M Eastburn and A J Pringle and L Lorenz and M S Humphreys},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
title = {Support for an auto-associative model of spoken cued recall: Evidence from fMRI},
pages = {824--835},
volume = {45},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zubicaray-2007-Neuropsychologia_Support%20for%20an%20auto.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2092},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Petersen:2003p12459,
author = {Morten Aa Petersen and Mogens Groenvold and Jakob B Bjorner and Neil K Aaronson and Thierry Conroy and Ann Cull and Peter Fayers and Marianne Hjermstad and Mirjam Sprangers and Marianne Sullivan and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {Use of differential item functioning analysis to assess the equivalence of translations of a questionnaire},
abstract = {In cross-national comparisons based on questionnaires, accurate translations are necessary to obtain valid results. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis can be used to test whether translations of items in multi-item scales are equivalent to the original. In data from 10,815 respondents representing 10 European languages we tested for DIF in the nine translations of the EORTC QLQ-C30 emotional function scale when compared to the original English version. We tested for DIF using two different methods in parallel, a contingency table method and logistic regression. The DIF results obtained with the two methods were similar. We found indications of DIF in seven of the nine translations. At least two of the DIF findings seem to reflect linguistic problems in the translation. 'Imperfect' translations can affect conclusions drawn from cross-national comparisons. Given that translations can never be identical to the original we discuss how findings of DIF can be interpreted and discuss the difference between linguistic DIF and DIF caused by confounding, cross-cultural differences, or DIF in other items in the scale. We conclude that testing for DIF is a useful way to validate questionnaire translations.},
affiliation = {Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. map01@bbh.hosp.dk},
number = {4},
pages = {373--85},
volume = {12},
year = {2003},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Health Status Indicators, Translating, Adult, Male, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Aged, Humans, Culture},
date-added = {2010-06-15 17:35:57 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:13:56 +0200},
pmid = {12797710},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Petersen-2003-Qual%20Life%20Res_Use%20of%20differential.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12459},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gilmore:2010p7652,
author = {Casey S Gilmore and Stephen M Malone and William G Iacono},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {Brain electrophysiological endophenotypes for externalizing psychopathology: a multivariate approach},
abstract = {Abnormalities in electrophysiological measures of stimulus-evoked brain activity (including the P3 event-related potential (ERP) and its associated delta and theta time-frequency (TF) components), and intrinsic, resting state brain activity (including EEG in the beta frequency band) have each been associated with biological vulnerability to a variety of externalizing (EXT) spectrum disorders, such as substance use disorders, conduct disorder, and antisocial behavior. While each of these individual measures has shown promise as an endophenotype for one or more aspects of EXT, we proposed that the power to identify EXT-related genes may be enhanced by using these measures collectively. Thus, we sought to explore a multivariate approach to identifying electrophysiological endophenotypes related to EXT, using measures identified in the literature as promising individual endophenotypes for EXT. Using data from our large twin sample (634 MZ and 335 DZ, male and female same-sex pairs), and fitting multivariate biometric Cholesky models, we found that these measures (1) were heritable, (2) showed significant phenotypic and genetic correlation with a general vulnerability to EXT (which is itself highly heritable), (3) showed modest phenotypic and genetic correlation with each other, and (4) were sensitive to genetic effects that differed as a function of gender. These relationships suggest that these endophenotypes are likely tapping into neurophysiological processes and genes that are both common across them and unique to each-all of which are relevant to a biological vulnerability to EXT psychopathology.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. gilmo077@umn.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {186--200},
volume = {40},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:20:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-010-9343-3},
pmid = {20155392},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gilmore-2010-Behav%20Genet_Brain%20electrophysiol.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7652},
rating = {4}
}

@misc{Garcia-Zattera:2005,
author = {M J Garcia-Zattera and A Jara and E Lesaffre and D Declerck},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Conditional independence of multivariate binary data with an application in caries research},
note = {check publication date},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Garcia-Zattera-2005-Miscellaneous_Conditional%20independ.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2123},
rating = {0}
}

@article{deLeeuw:2005p4266,
author = {Jan de Leeuw},
title = {Mixed linear models},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-23 21:30:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:45:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/de%20Leeuw-2005-_Mixed%20linear%20models.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4266},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kumar:2009p3751,
author = {Ravinesh A Kumar and Susan L Christian},
journal = {Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep},
title = {Genetics of autism spectrum disorders},
abstract = {Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a clinically complex group of childhood disorders that have firm evidence of an underlying genetic etiology. Many techniques have been used to characterize the genetic bases of ASDs. Linkage studies have identified several replicated susceptibility loci, including 2q24-2q31, 7q, and 17q11-17q21. Association studies and mutation analysis of candidate genes have implicated the synaptic genes NRXN1, NLGN3, NLGN4, SHANK3, and CNTNAP2 in ASDs. Traditional cytogenetic approaches highlight the high frequency of large chromosomal abnormalities (3%-7% of patients), including the most frequently observed maternal 15q11-13 duplications (1%-3% of patients). Newly developed techniques include high-resolution DNA microarray technologies, which have discovered formerly undetectable submicroscopic copy number variants, and genomewide association studies, which allow simultaneous detection of multiple genes associated with ASDs. Although great progress has been made in autism genetics, the molecular bases of most ASDs remains enigmatic.},
affiliation = {Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, MC0077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. schrist@bsd.uchicago.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {188--97},
volume = {9},
year = {2009},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Chromosome Mapping, Autistic Disorder, Humans, DNA Mutational Analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study},
date-added = {2010-01-16 20:58:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 20:58:51 +0100},
pmid = {19348707},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3751},
rating = {0}
}

@proceedings{Keller:2002,
author = {J Keller},
journal = {Proceedings},
title = {Annual College of Education Educational Research Exchange},
number = {2},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1867},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Stacey:2006,
author = {K Stacey and V Steinle},
journal = {Mathematics Education Research Journal},
title = {A Case of the Inapplicability of the Rasch Model: Mapping Conceptual Learning},
number = {2},
pages = {77--92},
volume = {18},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:39:10 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Stacey-2006-Mathematics%20Education%20Research%20Journal_A%20Case%20of%20the%20Inappl.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2227},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tishkoff:2000p9854,
author = {S A Tishkoff and A J Pakstis and G Ruano and K K Kidd},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
title = {The accuracy of statistical methods for estimation of haplotype frequencies: an example from the CD4 locus},
abstract = {Haplotype analysis has become increasingly important for the study of human disease as well as for reconstruction of human population histories. Computer programs have been developed to estimate haplotype frequencies statistically from marker phenotypes in unrelated individuals. However, there currently are few empirical reports on the accuracy of statistical estimates that must infer linkage phase. We have analyzed haplotypes at the CD4 locus on chromosome 12 that consist of a short tandem-repeat polymorphism and an Alu insertion/deletion polymorphism located 9.8 kb apart, in 398 individuals from 10 geographically diverse sub-Saharan African populations. Haplotype frequency estimates obtained using gene counting based on molecularly haplotyped (phase-known) data were compared with haplotype frequency estimates obtained using the expectation-maximization algorithm. We show that the estimated frequencies of common haplotypes do not differ significantly with the use of phase-known versus phase-unknown data. However, rare haplotypes are occasionally miscalled when their presence/absence must be inferred. Thus, for those research questions for which the common haplotypes are most important, frequency estimates based on the phase-unknown marker-typing results from unrelated individuals will be sufficient. However, in cases where knowledge of rare haplotypes is critical, molecular haplotyping will be necessary to determine linkage phase unambiguously.},
affiliation = {Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.},
number = {2},
pages = {518--22},
volume = {67},
year = {2000},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Statistics as Topic, Linkage Disequilibrium, Software, Genetic Markers, Chromosomes: Human: Pair 12, Sensitivity and Specificity, Antigens: CD4, Humans, Alu Elements, Algorithms, Haplotypes, Tandem Repeat Sequences, Heterozygote, Research Design, Africa South of the Sahara, Gene Frequency, Polymorphism: Genetic, Mutation},
date-added = {2010-03-26 19:30:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-26 19:30:10 +0100},
doi = {10.1086/303000},
pii = {S0002-9297(07)62664-0},
pmid = {10859209},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tishkoff-2000-Am%20J%20Hum%20Genet_The%20accuracy%20of%20stat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9854},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Harrell:1999p12857,
author = {F E Harrell},
title = {Some Sample Size and Power Considerations for Clinical Studies},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-06-22 08:17:29 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-22 08:18:05 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Harrell-1999-_Some%20Sample%20Size%20and.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12857},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Haertel:1990p12889,
author = {E H Haertel},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Continuous and discrete latent structure models for item response data},
abstract = {Relations are examined between latent trait and latent class models for item response data. Conditions are given for the two-latent class and two-parameter normal ogive models to agree, and relations between their item parameters are presented. Generalizations are then made to continuous models with more than one latent trait and discrete models with more than two latent classes, and methods are presented for relating latent class models to factor models for dichotomized variables. Results are illustrated usingdata from the Law School Admission Test, previously analyzed by several authors.},
number = {3},
pages = {477--494},
volume = {55},
year = {1990},
date-added = {2010-06-24 13:18:55 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-24 13:19:48 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Haertel-1990-Psychometrika_Continuous%20and%20discr.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12889},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wang:2007p13429,
author = {Jinliang Wang},
journal = {Genet Res},
title = {Triadic IBD coefficients and applications to estimating pairwise relatedness},
abstract = {Knowledge of the genetic relatedness among individuals is essential in diverse research areas such as behavioural ecology, conservation biology, quantitative genetics and forensics. How to estimate relatedness accurately from genetic marker information has been explored recently by many methodological studies. In this investigation I propose a new likelihood method that uses the genotypes of a triad of individuals in estimating pairwise relatedness (r). The idea is to use a third individual as a control (reference) in estimating the r between two other individuals, thus reducing the chance of genes identical in state being mistakenly inferred as identical by descent. The new method allows for inbreeding and accounts for genotype errors in data. Analyses of both simulated and human microsatellite and SNP datasets show that the quality of r estimates (measured by the root mean squared error, RMSE) is generally improved substantially by the new triadic likelihood method (TL) over the dyadic likelihood method and five moment estimators. Simulations also show that genotyping errors/mutations, when ignored, result in underestimates of r for related dyads, and that incorporating a model of typing errors in the TL method improves r estimates for highly related dyads but impairs those for loosely related or unrelated dyads. The effects of inbreeding were also investigated through simulations. It is concluded that, because most dyads in a natural population are unrelated or only loosely related, the overall performance of the new triadic likelihood method is the best, offering r estimates with a RMSE that is substantially smaller than the five commonly used moment estimators and the dyadic likelihood method.},
affiliation = {Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. jinliang.wang@ioz.ac.uk},
number = {3},
pages = {135--53},
volume = {89},
year = {2007},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Likelihood Functions, Genotype, Humans, Genetic Markers, Computer Simulation, Genetics: Population, Pedigree, Models: Genetic, Inheritance Patterns, Research Design},
date-added = {2010-07-01 19:42:13 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 19:42:13 +0200},
doi = {10.1017/S0016672307008798},
pii = {S0016672307008798},
pmid = {17894908},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wang-2007-Genet%20Res_Triadic%20IBD%20coeffici.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13429},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Young:2009p5884,
author = {Deidra J Young and Florence Levy and Neilson C Martin and David A Hay},
journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
title = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a Rasch analysis of the SWAN Rating Scale},
abstract = {The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been estimated at 3-7% in the population. Children with this disorder are often characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity, which can significantly impact on many aspects of their behaviour and performance. This study investigated the characteristics of the SWAN Rating Scale and its discrimination of ADHD subtypes. This instrument was developed by Swanson and his colleagues and measures attentiveness and hyperactivity on a continuum, from attention problems to positive attention skills, using a seven-point scale of behaviour: "far below average" to "far above average". The Australian Twin Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Study consists of questionnaire data collected from families in 1990/2007. The Rasch model was used to measure the characteristics of items from the SWAN Rating Scale; how well these items discriminated between those with and without ADHD. The prevalence of each subtype was found to be 5.3% for inattentive ADHD, 4.3% for hyperactive ADHD and 4.6% for combined ADHD. A total of 14.2% of the cohort appeared to have ADHD. While the inattentive items appeared to be consistent with each other in their measurement behaviour and response patterns, the hyperactive items were less consistent. Further, the combined subtype appeared to be an entirely different type, with unique features unlike the other two subtypes. Further work is needed to distinguish the diagnostic features of each subtype of ADHD.},
affiliation = {School of Psychology, Curtin University of Technology, WA, Australia. D.Young@curtin.edu.au},
number = {4},
pages = {543--59},
volume = {40},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child, Female, Prevalence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Models: Psychological, Analysis of Variance, Adolescent, Severity of Illness Index, Twins, Australia, Humans, Questionnaires, Male, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity},
date-added = {2010-02-17 15:14:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-17 15:14:02 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s10578-009-0143-z},
pmid = {19455417},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Young-2009-Child%20Psychiatry%20Hum%20Dev_Attention%20deficit%20hy.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5884},
rating = {0}
}

@article{ChronisTuscano:2009p1234,
author = {Andrea Chronis-Tuscano and Kathryn Amey Degnan and Daniel S Pine and Koraly Perez-Edgar and Heather A Henderson and Yamalis Diaz and Veronica L Raggi and Nathan A Fox},
journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
title = {Stable early maternal report of behavioral inhibition predicts lifetime social anxiety disorder in adolescence},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperamental style identifiable in early childhood, is considered a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, few studies examining this question have evaluated the stability of BI across multiple developmental time points and followed participants into adolescence-the developmental period during which risk for SAD onset is at its peak. The current study used a prospective longitudinal design to determine whether stable early BI predicted the presence of psychiatric disorders and continuous levels of social anxiety in adolescents. It was hypothesized that stable BI would predict the presence of adolescent psychiatric diagnoses, specifically SAD. METHOD: Participants included 126 adolescents aged 14 to 16 years who were first recruited at 4 months of age from hospital birth records. Temperament was measured at multiple time points between the ages of 14 months and 7 years. In adolescence, diagnostic interviews were conducted with parents and adolescents, and continuous measures of adolescent- and parent-reported social anxiety were collected. RESULTS: Stable maternal-reported early BI was associated with 3.79 times increased odds of a lifetime SAD diagnosis, but not other diagnoses, during adolescence (95% confidence interval 1.18-12.12). Stable maternal-reported early BI also predicted independent adolescent and parent ratings of ongoing social anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggesting that stable maternal-reported early BI predicts lifetime SAD have important implications for the early identification and prevention of SAD.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. achronis@psyc.umd.edu},
number = {9},
pages = {928--35},
volume = {48},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Longitudinal Studies, Infant, Early Diagnosis, Child: Preschool, Inhibition (Psychology), Personality Assessment, Risk Factors, Temperament, Child, Phobic Disorders},
date-added = {2010-01-07 11:23:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 11:23:29 +0100},
doi = {10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ae09df},
pmid = {19625982},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1234},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hines:2003p8307,
author = {Denise A Hines and Kimberly J Saudino},
journal = {Violence Vict},
title = {Gender differences in psychological, physical, and sexual aggression among college students using the revised conflict tactics scales},
abstract = {In response to criticisms of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Straus revised the original scale to include sexual aggression and injury. The purpose of the present study was to use this new scale to replicate and expand existing knowledge of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. Four-hundred-eighty-one college students completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. As expected, females reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than males; there were no gender differences in reported physical aggression; and psychological and physical aggression tended to co-occur. Contrary to previous research, there were no gender differences in injuries. As expected, males reported perpetrating more sexual coercion than females; however, females also reported perpetrating sexual aggression, and there were no gender differences in reported victimization. For males, sexual coercion perpetration (not victimization) was related to the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression. For females, both sexual coercion perpetration and victimization were related to the perpetration and victimization of psychological aggression and victimization from physical aggression, but not to physical aggression perpetration.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, Boston University, MA 02215, USA. dahines@bu.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {197--217},
volume = {18},
year = {2003},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Sex Factors, Aggression, Coercion, Adult, Sexual Behavior, United States, Students, Self Assessment (Psychology), Humans, Male, Universities, Female, Conflict (Psychology), Adolescent, Crime Victims},
date-added = {2010-03-20 20:05:41 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 20:05:42 +0100},
pmid = {12816404},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8307},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Mackay:2009p11228,
author = {Trudy F C Mackay},
journal = {Genetica},
title = {The genetic architecture of complex behaviors: lessons from Drosophila},
abstract = {Complex behaviors are affected by multiple interacting loci with individually small and environmentally sensitive effects. Understanding the genetic architecture of behavioral traits begins with identifying the genes regulating these traits, mapping the subset of genetically varying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in natural populations, and pinpointing the molecular polymorphisms defining QTL alleles. Drosophila brings an impressive toolkit to the challenge of genetically dissecting complex traits: P transposable element mutagenesis to identify genes regulating these traits; artificial selection from natural populations to create extreme trait phenotypes; high resolution mapping to identify positional candidate genes corresponding to QTLs; linkage disequilibrium mapping to identify molecular polymorphism(s) that functionally define QTL alleles; and whole genome transcriptional profiling to postulate networks of interacting genes affecting complex traits. Studies in Drosophila have revealed large numbers of pleiotropic genes that interact epistatically to regulate behavioral traits, and that can have sex- and environment-specific effects. These observations offer valuable lessons for understanding the genetic basis of variation for complex behaviors in other organisms, including humans.},
affiliation = {Department of Genetics and The Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. trudy_mackay@ncsu.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {295--302},
volume = {136},
year = {2009},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Gene Expression Profiling, Drosophila, Epistasis: Genetic, Humans, Genome, Male, Quantitative Trait Loci, Female, Mutagenesis, Gene Regulatory Networks, Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Behavior: Animal},
date-added = {2010-04-25 21:30:30 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-25 21:30:30 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10709-008-9310-6},
pmid = {18758968},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11228},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vehkalahti:2007p1540,
author = {K Vehkalahti and S Puntanen and L Tarkkonen},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {Effects of measurement errors in predictor selection of linear regression model},
abstract = {Measurement errors may affect the predictor selection of the linear regression model. These effects are studied using a measurement framework, where the variances of the measurement errors can be estimated without setting too restrictive assumptions about the measurement model. In this approach, the problem of measurement is solved in a reduced true score space, where the latent true score is multidimensional, but its dimension is smaller than the number of the measurable variables. Various measurement scales are then created to be used as predictors in the regression model. The stability of the predictor selection as well as the estimated predicted validity and the reliability of the prediction scales is examined by Monte Carlo simulations. Varying the magnitude of the measurement error variance four sets of predictors are compared: all variables, a stepwise selection, factor sums, and factor scores. The results indicate that the factor scores offer a stable method for predictor selection, whereas the other alternatives tend to give biased results leading more or less to capitalizing on chance.},
affiliation = {Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 54, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland},
pages = {1183--1195},
volume = {52},
year = {2007},
keywords = {Factor analysis, Reliability, Regression, Validity, Measurement error},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:25:01 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:24:30 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.csda.2007.05.005},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vehkalahti-2007-Computational%20Statistics_Effects%20of%20measureme.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1540},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fairclough:1998p5978,
author = {D L Fairclough and H F Peterson and D Cella and P Bonomi},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Comparison of several model-based methods for analysing incomplete quality of life data in cancer clinical trials},
abstract = {This paper considers five methods of analysis of longitudinal assessment of health related quality of life (QOL) in two clinical trials of cancer therapy. The primary difference in the two trials is the proportion of participants who experience disease progression or death during the period of QOL assessments. The sensitivity of estimation of parameters and hypothesis tests to the potential bias as a consequence of the assumptions of missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) and non-ignorable mechanisms are examined. The methods include complete case analysis (MCAR), mixed-effects models (MAR), a joint mixed-effects and survival model and a pattern-mixture model. Complete case analysis overestimated QOL in both trials. In the adjuvant breast cancer trial, with 15 per cent disease progression, estimates were consistent across the remaining four methods. In the advanced non-small-cell lung cancer trial, with 35 per cent mortality, estimates were sensitive to the missing data assumptions and methods of analysis.},
affiliation = {Center for Research Methodology and Biometry, AMC Cancer Research Center, Denver, CO 80214, USA. fairclough@amc.org},
number = {5-7},
pages = {781--96},
volume = {17},
year = {1998},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Quality of Life, Regression Analysis, Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Research Design, Longitudinal Studies, Models: Statistical, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma: Non-Small-Cell Lung, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Female},
date-added = {2010-02-18 23:30:33 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-18 23:30:33 +0100},
pii = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980315/15)17:5/7<781::AID-SIM821>3.0.CO;2-O},
pmid = {9549823},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5978},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Samson:2006p2310,
author = {A Samson},
title = {Estimation dans les mod{\`e}les non-lin{\'e}aires {\`a} effets mixtes : extensions de l'algorithme SAEM pour l'analyse de la dynamique virale sous traitement anti-VIH},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 12:25:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 12:26:14 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Samson-2006-_Estimation%20dans%20les.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2310},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Witten:2009p2589,
author = {Daniela M Witten and Robert Tibshirani and Trevor Hastie},
journal = {Biostatistics},
title = {A penalized matrix decomposition, with applications to sparse principal components and canonical correlation analysis},
abstract = {We present a penalized matrix decomposition (PMD), a new framework for computing a rank-K approximation for a matrix. We approximate the matrix X as circumflexX = sigma(k=1)(K) d(k)u(k)v(k)(T), where d(k), u(k), and v(k) minimize the squared Frobenius norm of X - circumflexX, subject to penalties on u(k) and v(k). This results in a regularized version of the singular value decomposition. Of particular interest is the use of L(1)-penalties on u(k) and v(k), which yields a decomposition of X using sparse vectors. We show that when the PMD is applied using an L(1)-penalty on v(k) but not on u(k), a method for sparse principal components results. In fact, this yields an efficient algorithm for the "SCoTLASS" proposal (Jolliffe and others 2003) for obtaining sparse principal components. This method is demonstrated on a publicly available gene expression data set. We also establish connections between the SCoTLASS method for sparse principal component analysis and the method of Zou and others (2006). In addition, we show that when the PMD is applied to a cross-products matrix, it results in a method for penalized canonical correlation analysis (CCA). We apply this penalized CCA method to simulated data and to a genomic data set consisting of gene expression and DNA copy number measurements on the same set of samples.},
affiliation = {Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. dwitten@stanford.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {515--34},
volume = {10},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {DNA: Neoplasm, Breast Neoplasms, Algorithms, Chromosomes: Human: Pair 1, Biometry, Genomics, Gene Dosage, Models: Statistical, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Principal Component Analysis, Female, Humans},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:29:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-16 23:24:09 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/biostatistics/kxp008},
pii = {kxp008},
pmid = {19377034},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Witten-2009-Biostatistics_A%20penalized%20matrix%20d.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2589},
read = {Yes},
rating = {3}
}

@article{FaisalCury:2008p8077,
author = {Alexandre Faisal-Cury and Paulo Rossi Menezes and Jose J{\'u}lio A Tedesco and Soubhi Kahalle and Marcelo Zugaib},
journal = {Span J Psychol},
title = {Maternity "blues": prevalence and risk factors},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: estimate the prevalence and track the risk factors associated with, Maternity blues (MB). METHODS: a transversal study was performed with 113 women, on the tenth day of puerperium. The following instruments were used: Pitt Scale (1968), Stein (1980), Inventory for stressful life events by Holmes {\&} Rahe (1967), and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and obstetric data. RESULTS: the prevalence of MB was 32.7% according to the Stein scale. In the univariated analysis, civil status and tobacco use were associated with MB. Legally married women and nonsmokers showed a risk approximately 4 times lower of experiencing the problem. CONCLUSIONS: MB was very prevalent in this sample. Obstetricians must be aware of this condition which may be associated with postpartum depression.},
affiliation = {Hospital Universit{\'a}rio de S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil. faisal@hu.usp.br},
number = {2},
pages = {593--9},
volume = {11},
year = {2008},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Depression: Postpartum, Young Adult, Socioeconomic Factors, Brazil, Adult, Health Surveys, Life Change Events, Marital Status, Personality Inventory, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Adolescent, Female, Risk Factors, Smoking},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:47:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:53:35 +0200},
pmid = {18988444},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Faisal-Cury-2008-Span%20J%20Psychol_Maternity%20%22blues%22%20p.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8077},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sue:1987p11643,
author = {D Sue and S Sue},
journal = {Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology},
title = {Cultural factors in the clinical assessment of Asian Americans},
number = {4},
pages = {479--87},
volume = {55},
year = {1987},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Cross-Cultural Comparison, Humans, Asian Americans, Mental Disorders},
date-added = {2010-05-11 22:47:02 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-11 22:47:03 +0200},
pmid = {3624604},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sue-1987-Journal%20of%20Consulting%20and%20Clinical%20Psychology_Cultural%20factors%20in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11643},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brennan:2010p5473,
author = {R L Brennan},
journal = {Instructional Topics in Educational Measurement},
title = {Generalizability theory},
date-added = {2010-02-12 14:14:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 14:17:04 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Brennan--Instructional%20Topics%20in%20Educational%20Measurement_Generalizability%20the.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5473},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Airola:2010p12808,
author = {A Airola and T Pahikkala and W Waegeman and B De Baets and T Salakoski},
journal = {JMLR: Workshop and Conference Proceedings},
title = {A comparison of AUC estimators in small-sample studies},
abstract = {Reliable estimation of the classification performance of learned predictive models is difficult, when working in the small sample setting. When dealing with biological data it is often the case that separate test data cannot be afforded. Cross-validation is in this case a typical strategy for estimating the performance. Recent results, further supported by experimental evidence presented in this article, show that many standard approaches to cross-validation suffer from extensive bias or variance when the area under ROC curve (AUC) is used as performance measure. We advocate the use of leave-pair-out cross-validation (LPOCV) for performance estimation, as it avoids many of these problems. A method previously proposed by us can be used to efficiently calculate this estimate for regularized least-squares (RLS) based learners.},
pages = {3--13},
volume = {8},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-06-18 22:55:30 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-18 22:57:41 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Airola-2010-JMLR%20Workshop%20and%20Conference%20Proceedings_A%20comparison%20of%20AUC.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12808},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dan:2006p4548,
author = {Amy A Dan and Lisa M Martin and Cathy Crone and Janus P Ong and Denise W Farmer and Thomas Wise and Sean C Robbins and Zobair M Younossi},
journal = {J Hepatol},
title = {Depression, anemia and health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis C (HCV) infected patients have significant health-related quality of life (HRQL) impairment which worsens during anti-viral therapy. Our aim was to examine the association of HRQL with treatment-induced depression and anemia. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-one HCV patients who received pegylated interferon alfa 2b and ribavirin were included. Data on HRQL, depressive symptoms, laboratory values and socio-demographic characteristics were collected. RESULTS: Mean age was 47.1+/-6.5, 69% were male, and 73% were White. HCV patients' HRQL declined during anti-viral therapy but returned to or exceeded baseline levels within 24 weeks of completion. Anemia and depression were both associated with HRQL impairment. The effects of depression on HRQL were strong; once depression scores were included other factors were no longer significant. Patients' depressive symptoms tended to increase during the initial half of treatment regimen. Those with higher body mass index (BMI), cirrhosis, and women reported more HRQL impairments. HRQL scales were generally not associated with alcohol abuse, age, race, ALT and HCV RNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-viral therapy for HCV is associated with diminished HRQL. Although anemia and depression were associated with this impairment, depression was the most consistent predictor. Future studies are needed to see whether proactive management of these side effects can improve patients' HRQL and the efficacy of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C.},
affiliation = {Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suite 375, Annandale, VA 22003-6800, USA.},
number = {3},
pages = {491--8},
volume = {44},
year = {2006},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Depression, Polyethylene Glycols, Hemoglobins, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Anemia, Adult, Antiviral Agents, Follow-Up Studies, Aged, Hepatitis C: Chronic, Male, Humans, Interferon Alfa-2b, Prognosis, Ribavirin, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, Female},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:29:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-29 22:29:39 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.046},
pii = {S0168-8278(05)00819-6},
pmid = {16427157},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4548},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vanKeulen:2010p6524,
author = {Hilde M van Keulen and Ilse Mesters and Willem van Mechelen and Hein de Vries},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Single-item and multiple-item measures of adherence to public health behavior guidelines were incongruent},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption may prevent or delay the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. We examined adherence rates to single and combinations of Dutch public health guidelines for these behaviors by comparing and combining two self-report measurements. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The behaviors of 2,568 Dutch participants aged 45-70 years were measured using one item and multiple items. Patients were classified as meeting or not meeting a guideline using both measurements separately and combined. RESULTS: Substantially more participants met guidelines when measured with multiple items than when measured with one item, with differences of 21-39%. Combined measurements resulted in fewer participants meeting guidelines than multiple-item measurements used alone. Combined measurements showed that 17%, 12%, and 34% of participants met the guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption and PA, respectively; only 3% met all three guidelines. Sociodemographic variables explained less than 4% of the variance of congruency between single- and multiple-item measurements. CONCLUSION: When assessing adherence rates, the level appears dependent on the method of self-report chosen. Hence, more research must analyze which adherence measurement will result in valid responses and which variables are associated with congruency between single- and multiple-item measurements.},
affiliation = {Department of Health Promotion, School for Public Health and Primary Care (Caphri), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. h.vankeulen@gvo.unimaas.nl},
number = {1},
pages = {75--84},
volume = {63},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-02-24 20:33:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-24 20:33:24 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.003},
pii = {S0895-4356(09)00066-3},
pmid = {19447006},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20Keulen-2010-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Single-item%20and%20mult.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6524},
rating = {0}
}

@article{LaskySu:2007p12580,
author = {J Lasky-Su and Stephen V Faraone and C Lange and M T Tsuang and A E Doyle and J W Smoller and N M Laird and J Biederman},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {A study of how socioeconomic status moderates the relationship between SNPs encompassing BDNF and ADHD symptom counts in ADHD families},
abstract = {Recent animal research suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), may mediate response to different environmental stimuli. In this paper, we evaluated the possible role of BDNF as a moderator of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the context of different socioeconomic classes. We genotyped ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and around BDNF in 229 families and evaluate whether there are SNP-by-socioeconomic status (SES) interactions for attention deficit hyperactivity. We developed three quantitative phenotypes for ADHD from nine inattentive and nine hyperactive-impulsive symptoms that were used in SNP-by-SES interaction analyses using a new methodology implemented in the computer program PBAT. Findings were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate. We found multiple significant SNP-by-SES interactions using the inattentive symptom count. This study suggests that different SES classes may modify the effect of the functional variant(s) in and around BDNF to have an impact on the number of ADHD symptom counts that are observed. The two exons within BDNF represent potential functional variants that may be causing the observed associations.},
affiliation = {Medical Genetics Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.},
number = {3},
pages = {487--97},
volume = {37},
year = {2007},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child, Female, Male, Genetic Variation, Exons, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Boston, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Genotype, Family, Humans, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Socioeconomic Factors},
date-added = {2010-06-15 22:34:48 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-006-9136-x},
pmid = {17216343},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lasky-Su-2007-Behav%20Genet_A%20study%20of%20how%20socio.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12580},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Eaves:2010p7662,
author = {Lindon J Eaves and Elizabeth C Prom and Judy L Silberg},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {The Mediating Effect of Parental Neglect on Adolescent and Young Adult Anti-Sociality: A Longitudinal Study of Twins and Their Parents},
abstract = {The causes of correlation between parental treatment and offspring behavior are ambiguous since genetic and social factors are correlated in typical family studies. The problem is complicated by the need to characterize the effects of genes and environment on both juvenile and adult behavioral outcomes. A model is developed for the resemblance between juvenile and adult twins and their parents that allows some of these effects to be resolved. Data on childhood adversity, parental anti-social behavior, and longitudinal adult and juvenile anti-social behavior were obtained from 1,412 families of adolescent and young adult twins. A structural model is fitted that allows for the effects of genetic and social transmission of information from parents to children. Environmental effects of parents may be mediated through measured features of the home environment. Parameters were estimated by diagonal weighted least squares applied to the 33 distinct polychoric correlations between relatives and between variables within and between ages. Sub-hypotheses were tested. Results confirmed that effects of genes and environment were both highly significant. Genetic effects were large in juveniles and largely age and sex-specific. Approximately 30% of the variation due to the shared environment was due to the effect of childhood adversity. The remaining shared environmental effects are unexplained. Adversity is affected significantly by maternal anti-social behavior. The correlation between paternal ASP and adversity may be explained by antisocial fathers selecting (or creating) antisocial mothers. All significant environmental effects of parental ASP are mediated through the measure of adversity. Though transmission of ASP is both genetic and social, passive genotype-environment correlation is very small. Assortative mating for ASP has barely detectable consequence for the genetic correlation between siblings. The longitudinal study of twins and their parents makes it possible to demonstrate there is a direct causal effect of childhood adversity on child conduct disorder over and above any indirect genetic correlation.},
affiliation = {Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA, eaves@vcu.edu.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:40:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-010-9336-2},
pmid = {20182912},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Eaves-2010-Behav%20Genet_The%20Mediating%20Effect.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7662},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Abourazzak:2009p4,
author = {Fatima E Abourazzak and Fadoua Allali and Samira Rostom and Ihsane Hmamouchi and Linda Ichchou and Laila El Mansouri and Loubna Bennani and Hamza Khazzani and Redouane Abouqal and Najia Hajjaj-Hassouni},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {Factors influencing quality of life in Moroccan postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fracture assessed by ECOS 16 questionnaire},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate factors influencing quality of life (QOL) in Moroccan postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fracture assessed by the Arabic version of ECOS 16 questionnaire. METHODS: 357 postmenopausal women were included in this study. The participants underwent bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by DXA of the lumbar spine and the total hip as well as X-ray examination of the thoraco-lumbar spine to identify subclinical vertebral fractures. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire on clinical and sociodemographic parameters, and osteoporosis risk factors. The Arabic version of the ECOS16 (Assessment of health related quality of life in osteoporosis questionnaire) was used to assess quality of life. RESULTS: The mean age was 58 +/- 7.8 years, and the mean BMI was 28.3 +/- 4.8 kg/m2. One hundred and eight women (30.1%) were osteoporotic and 46.7% had vertebral fractures. Most were categorized as Grade1 (75%). Three independent factors were associated with a poor quality of life: low educational level (p = 0,01), vertebral fracture (p = 0,03), and history of peripheral fracture (p = 0,006). Worse QOL was observed in the group with vertebral fracture in all domains except "pain": Physical functioning (p = 0,002); Fear of illness (p = 0,001); and Psychosocial functioning (p = 0,007). The number of fractures was a determinant of a low QOL, as indicated by an increased score in physical functioning (p = 0,01), fear of illness (p = 0,007), and total score (p = 0,01) after adjusting on age and educational level. Patients with higher Genant score had low QOL in these two domains too (p = 0,002; p = 0,001 respectively), and in the total score (p = 0,01) after adjusting on age and educational level. CONCLUSION: Our current data showed that the quality of life assessed by the Arabic version of the ECOS 16 questionnaire is decreased in post menopausal women with prevalent vertebral fractures, with the increasing number and the severity of vertebral fractures.},
affiliation = {Department of Rheumatology, El Ayachi hospital, University Hospital of Rabat-Sale, Rabat, Morocco. fadouaallali@yahoo.fr},
pages = {23},
volume = {7},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Quality of Life, Psychometrics, Aged, Osteoporosis: Postmenopausal, Middle Aged, Spinal Fractures, Morocco, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Postmenopause, Questionnaires, Female},
date-added = {2009-12-28 20:19:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2009-12-29 10:27:46 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-7-23},
pii = {1477-7525-7-23},
pmid = {19284667},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Abourazzak-2009-Health%20and%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Out

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib