text:
ofE.
   kamerunicusare forming two differentiated mitochondrial clusters in West
   and central Africa, forming a contact zone along the Cameroon Volcanic
   Line. The existence of this sharp contact zone along this weak
   altitudinal barrier suggests that other parameters, such as climate, may
   be driving the distribution of populations. A differential genetic
   structure between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and the strong level
   of genetic structure of the mitochondrial gene, also suggest sex-biased
   dispersal in this species, with males dispersing more than females. The
   genetic structure inferred from Asian and South American populations
   suggests that they originate from populations of both western and
   central tropical Africa and that a bottleneck has probably been
   experienced by these populations.}},
Publisher = {{CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Haran, J (Corresponding Author), Univ Montpellier, CBGP, CIRAD, INRA,IRD,Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
   Haran, Julien; Benoit, Laure, Univ Montpellier, CBGP, CIRAD, INRA,IRD,Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
   Ndzana Abanda, Raphael Francois Xavier, IRAD, BP 2067, Yaounde, Cameroon.
   Bakoume, Claude, Maxi Prod Sarl, BP 2137-24240, Douala, Cameroon.
   Beaudoin-Ollivier, Laurence, Univ Montpellier, Syst Perennes, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1017/S0007485320000218}},
Article-Number = {{PII S0007485320000218}},
ISSN = {{0007-4853}},
EISSN = {{1475-2670}},
Keywords = {{Derelomini; Elaeis guineensis; genetic structure; pollination; tropical
   Africa}},
Keywords-Plus = {{PALM ELAEIS-GUINEENSIS; OIL PALM; FOREST; INSECTS; AFRICA; FRUITSET;
   REVEALS; ORIGIN; SOUTH}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{Julien.haran@cirad.fr}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{HARAN, Julien/0000-0001-9458-3785}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{PalmElit SAS}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors like to acknowledge Dr Madeleine Tchuinte from the Ministry
   of Scientific Research and Innovation of the Republic of Cameroon for
   the sampling permit (No. 2040) and phytosanitary certificate (No. 90499)
   and Mr Denis Depommier, the CIRAD Regional Director for Central Africa,
   for their support during the field trip in Cameroon. They also thank all
   those who contributed to sampling the specimens and all the research
   teams who sent the specimens for identification assessment and allowed
   us to keep the specimens. They thank Peter Biggins (Cirad) for
   proof-reading the text. This research was partly funded by a grant from
   PalmElit SAS.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
Journal-ISO = {{Bull. Entomol. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{NK5CY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000566750100010}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000564563800009,
Author = {Ribeiro do Prado, Fernanda Scavassa and dos Santos, Dayana Moscardi and
   de Almeida Oliveira, Thiessa Maramaldo and Micheletti Burgarelli, Jose
   Augusto and Castele, Janete Brigante and Vieira, Eny Maria},
Title = {{Determination and uptake of abamectin and difenoconazole in the
   stingless bee Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 via oral and topic
   acute exposure}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{265}},
Number = {{B}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Bees are considered as important providers of ecosystem services, acting
   via pollination process in crops and native plants, and contributing
   significantly to the maintenance of biodiversity. However, the decrease
   of bee's population has been observed worldwide and besides other
   factors, this collapse is also related to the extensive use of
   pesticides. In this sense, studies involving the assessment of adverse
   effects and the uptake of pesticides by bees are of great concern. This
   work presents an analytical method for the determination of the
   insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole in the stingless
   bee Melipona scutellaris exposed via oral and topic to endpoints
   concentrations of active ingredients (a.i.) alone and in commercial
   formulations and the discussion about its mortality and uptake. For this
   purpose, QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe)
   acetate modified method was used for extraction and pesticides were
   determined by LC-MS/MS. The validation parameters have included: a
   linear range between 0.01 and 1.00 mu g mL(-1); and LOD and LOQ of 0.038
   and 0.076 mu g g(-1) for abamectin and difenoconazole, respectively. The
   uptake of tested pesticides via oral and topic was verified by the
   accumulation in adult forager bees, mainly when the commercial product
   was tested. Mortality was observed to be higher in oral exposure than in
   topic tests for both pesticides. For abamectin in a commercial
   formulation (a.i.) no differences were observed for oral or topic
   exposure. On the other hand, for difenoconazole, topic exposure had
   demonstrated higher accumulation in bees, according to the increase of
   received dose. Through the results, uptake and the possible consequences
   of bioaccumulated pesticides are also discussed and can contribute to
   the knowledge about the risks involving the exposure of bees to these
   compounds. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Vieira, EM (Corresponding Author), Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Inst Chem, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
   Ribeiro do Prado, Fernanda Scavassa; dos Santos, Dayana Moscardi; de Almeida Oliveira, Thiessa Maramaldo; Micheletti Burgarelli, Jose Augusto; Castele, Janete Brigante; Vieira, Eny Maria, Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Inst Chem, Sao Carlos, Brazil.
   Castele, Janete Brigante, Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Engn Sch, Sao Carlos, Brazil.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114313}},
Article-Number = {{114313}},
ISSN = {{0269-7491}},
EISSN = {{1873-6424}},
Keywords = {{Melipona scutellaris exposure; Pesticides; Bioaccumulation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES;
   APIS-MELLIFERA; NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES; HONEYBEES; POLLEN;
   CYTOCHROME-P450; TOXICITY; LIQUID}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{eny@iqsc.usp.br}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Sao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do
   Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) {[}18/16244-0]; Coordenacao de
   Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES)CAPES
   {[}001]}},
Funding-Text = {{Authors thanks to S\~{}ao Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP (grant
   \#18/16244-0). This study was financed in part by the Coordenac\~{}ao de
   Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) Finance
   Code 001.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{69}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Pollut.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{NH3HC}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000564563800009}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000564562000015,
Author = {Rosa-Fontana, Annelise and Dorigo, Adna Suelen and Galaschi-Teixeira,
   Juliana Stephanie and Nocelli, Roberta C. F. and Malaspina, Osmar},
Title = {{What is the most suitable native bee species from the Neotropical region
   to be proposed as model-organism for toxicity tests during the larval
   phase?}},
Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{265}},
Number = {{B}},
Month = {{OCT}},
Abstract = {{Currently, Brazil has a full framework for pesticide risk assessment
   established for Apis mellifera, based on the North American approach.
   However, the use of Apis mellifera as model-organism as a surrogate for
   Brazilian native species of stingless bees has been questioned.
   Assessments on other stages of development than adult individual are
   essential. Our study aimed to standardize in vitro larval rearing method
   for the stingless bee species Scaptotrigona postica and Tetragonisca
   angustula, comparing the results to those obtained for M. scutellaris
   (previously described), for proposing the most suitable one for using in
   toxicological larval tests. We used the most efficient method for
   determining the toxicity of dimethoate on S. postica larvae. We
   presented the first comparative approach of responses to in vitro larval
   rearing methods among native bee species from Neotropical region, for
   use in risk assessment. Our results showed that S. postica was the most
   suitable native species to be proposed as model-organism. In addition,
   our results are also very useful for a ring test to validate the method,
   in accordance to OECD. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rosa-Fontana, A (Corresponding Author), Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Inst Biosci, Social Insect Study Ctr, 24A Ave 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
   Rosa-Fontana, Annelise; Dorigo, Adna Suelen; Malaspina, Osmar, Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Inst Biosci, Social Insect Study Ctr, 24A Ave 1515, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
   Galaschi-Teixeira, Juliana Stephanie, Technol Inst Vale, Boaventura da Silva St 955, Belem, Para, Brazil.
   Nocelli, Roberta C. F., Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Ctr Agr Sci, Anhanguera Rd Km 174, Araras, SP, Brazil.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114849}},
Article-Number = {{114849}},
ISSN = {{0269-7491}},
EISSN = {{1873-6424}},
Keywords = {{In vitro larvae rearing method; Risk assessment; Pesticides;
   Pollinators; Stingless bees}},
Keywords-Plus = {{STINGLESS BEE; NEONICOTINOID THIAMETHOXAM; MELIPONA-QUADRIFASCIATA;
   FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; HONEY-BEE; INSECTICIDES; EXPOSURE; SURVIVAL}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{annesouzar@gmail.com}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de
   Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) {[}2016/00328-4,
   2017/21097-3]; CNPqNational Council for Scientific and Technological
   Development (CNPq) {[}400540/2018-5]; CAPESCAPES {[}001]}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors thank to Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao
   Paulo (FAPESP process no 2016/00328-4); (no2017/21097-3); CNPq no
   400540/2018-5 and CAPES (001) for financial support. and Jose Bruno
   Malaquias for the statistics support.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Pollut.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{NH3GK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000564562000015}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000553393400009,
Author = {Liu, Ruirui and Chen, Delai and Luo, Shudong and Xu, Shujuan and Xu,
   Huanli and Shi, Xiaoyu and Zou, Yi},
Title = {{Quantifying pollination efficiency of flower-visiting insects and its
   application in estimating pollination services for common buckwheat}},
Journal = {{AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS \& ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{301}},
Month = {{OCT 1}},
Abstract = {{Pollination services provided by managed honey bee and wild pollinators
   are essential for a range of crops. Pollination services can be measured
   as species-related services, which can be quantified by the combination
   of each species' pollination efficiency and their abundance, as well as
   harvest-related services, which can be quantified by the pollinator
   exclusion method. Species-related pollination services are poorly
   documented and have never been directly compared to harvest-related
   services. Here, we aimed to quantify the pollination efficiency for
   common flower-visiting species of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum
   esculentum) and to scale it up to estimate pollination services. We
   assessed pollination efficiency by single-visit pollen deposition and
   visitation rate for common flower-visiting insect species. We monitored
   the abundance of these species during the entire flowering period across
   seven sites, where pollinator exclusion treatments were undertaken by
   caging. In total, we observed 27 flower-visiting species and calculated
   the pollination efficiency of 17 species. We found that flower-visiting
   species had different capabilities in transferring compatible pollen
   grains for two flower morphs and different visitation rates. The
   estimated pollination efficiency was highest for two honey bee species
   (Apis mellifera and A. cerana), followed by the hoverfly species
   (Eristalis tenax), and wasp species (Tiphia vernalis). Species-related
   pollination services estimated by pollination efficiency and abundance
   showed a strong positive relationship with harvest-related services,
   which were estimated by the pollinator exclusion method. Our results
   suggest that to achieve substantial pollination services for common
   buckwheat, it is important to maintain sufficient managed honey bees,
   particularly in areas lacking highly efficient wild pollinators species.
   Our study also suggests that it is possible to estimate pollination
   services by scaling up the pollination efficiency of common
   flower-visiting insects. We provide recommendations for the application
   of this technique.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Liu, RR (Corresponding Author), Longdong Univ, Coll Life Sci \& Technol, Qingyang, Peoples R China.
   Zou, Y (Corresponding Author), Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ, Dept Hlth \& Environm Sci, Suzhou, Peoples R China.
   Liu, Ruirui; Chen, Delai; Xu, Shujuan, Longdong Univ, Coll Life Sci \& Technol, Qingyang, Peoples R China.
   Luo, Shudong, Minist Agr, Key Lab Pollinating Insect Biol, Inst Apicultural, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   Xu, Huanli, China Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   Shi, Xiaoyu; Zou, Yi, Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ, Dept Hlth \& Environm Sci, Suzhou, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.agee.2020.107011}},
Article-Number = {{107011}},
ISSN = {{0167-8809}},
EISSN = {{1873-2305}},
Keywords = {{Honeybee; Pollination efficiency; Pollination services; Single-visit
   pollen deposition; Visitation rate; Wild pollinator}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BRASSICA-NAPUS; BEE DIVERSITY; HONEY-BEE; HYMENOPTERA; ESCULENTUM;
   POLLEN; NECTAR; APIDAE; AVAILABILITY; LANDSCAPES}},
Research-Areas = {{Agriculture; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{liuruirui@ldxy.edu.cn
   yi.zou@xjtlu.edu.cn}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science
   Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}31560139, 31700363]; Science and
   Technology Support Plan of Qingyang {[}KZ2015-15]; Doctoral Research
   Foundation of Longdong University {[}XYBY1412]}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank Xingfu Zhu for advice on the experimental designs and David
   Makowski for his suggestions regarding data analysis. We thank Xiangjun
   Sun, Yan Han, Wenbin Feng, Zhiwei Feng, Ting Han, Yangfeng Lv, Xiaofei
   Tian, Xian Ma, and Qian Zhang for their assistance with the field work.
   We are grateful to Jiaxing Huang for help in identifying insect
   specimens. We also would like to thank GuoJun Bao for providing the
   common buckwheat seeds. This research was financially supported by the
   National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}31560139, 31700363], the
   Science and Technology Support Plan of Qingyang {[}KZ2015-15], and the
   Doctoral Research Foundation of Longdong University {[}XYBY1412].}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{65}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{17}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MR2AV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000553393400009}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000553393400023,
Author = {McKerchar, M. and Potts, S. G. and Fountain, M. T. and Garratt, M. P. D.
   and Westbury, D. B.},
Title = {{The potential for wildflower interventions to enhance natural enemies
   and pollinators in commercial apple orchards is limited by other
   management practices}},
Journal = {{AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS \& ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{301}},
Month = {{OCT 1}},
Abstract = {{Modern fruit production has successfully increased yields and fruit
   quality to meet market demands mainly through intensification and the
   use of Plant Protection Products (PPPs). Due to the associated
   environmental impacts and consumers increasingly demanding food produced
   more sustainably, the tree fruit sector is seeking to reduce its
   reliance on PPPs. Despite intensification, apple production is still
   highly dependent on ecosystem services, including pest regulation and
   pollination. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of
   natural enemies and pollinators in commercial apple orchards to the
   provision of a wildflower habitat. It was hypothesised that the
   abundance and diversity of beneficial invertebrate species would be
   enhanced leading to an increased control of apple pests and enhanced
   pollination of apple blossom. We also investigated the effect of orchard
   pesticide toxicity on natural enemies and pest regulation services and
   how responses varied between apple cultivars (Jazz and Braeburn). The
   study was carried out in five orchards of each apple variety across Kent
   (UK), using a split-plot experimental design. At each site, a
   one-hectare orchard plot was established with wildflower strips in
   alleyways between rows of trees and compared with a one-hectare control
   plot where alleyways were managed conventionally with regular cuffing.
   Responses of natural enemies and pollinators were recorded over a period
   of three and four years, respectively. The presence of wildflower strips
   did not contribute significantly towards the delivery of natural pest
   regulation or pollination services. However, hoverfly diversity and
   species richness were greater in orchards with wildflower strips, and
   whilst this was not associated with increased rates of pest regulation,
   such a response could potentially provide more resilient pest regulation
   and pollination services. Braeburn orchards had higher bee abundance,
   and pest predation rates, which were associated with a greater abundance
   of earwigs, compared to Jazz orchards. Of key significance for growers
   is that high values of cumulative pesticide toxicity negatively affected
   natural enemy populations, especially earwigs. If growers want to
   support natural enemies and wild pollinators in modern apple orchards
   following the principles of ecological intensification, they need to
   consider both the types and frequency of pesticide sprays used, in
   conjunction with interventions aimed at promoting beneficial
   invertebrates.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Westbury, DB (Corresponding Author), Univ Worcester, Sch Sci \& Environm, Worcester WR2 6AJ, England.
   McKerchar, M.; Westbury, D. B., Univ Worcester, Sch Sci \& Environm, Worcester WR2 6AJ, England.
   Potts, S. G.; Garratt, M. P. D., Univ Reading, Ctr Agrienvironm Res, Sch Agr Policy \& Dev, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England.
   Fountain, M. T., NIAB EMR, New Rd, East Mailing ME19 6BJ, Kent, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.agee.2020.107034}},
Article-Number = {{107034}},
ISSN = {{0167-8809}},
EISSN = {{1873-2305}},
Keywords = {{Integrated pest management; IPM; Conservation biological control;
   Natural enemies; Pollinators; Insecticides; Acaricides}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DYSAPHIS-PLANTAGINEA HEMIPTERA; SOWN FLOWER STRIPS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES;
   ARTHROPOD PESTS; BEE ABUNDANCE; DIVERSITY; CROPS; INSECTICIDES;
   DECLINES; PREDATORS}},
Research-Areas = {{Agriculture; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{d.westbury@worc.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Potts, Simon/C-7250-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Garratt, Michael/0000-0002-0196-6013
   Westbury, Duncan/0000-0001-7094-0362
   Potts, Simon/0000-0002-2045-980X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Waitrose Partners; University of Worcester; Fruition PO}},
Funding-Text = {{We would like to thank the growers for allowing us to conduct this study
   in their orchards and for facilitating the establishment of the
   wildflower strips. Funding was gratefully received from Waitrose \&
   Partners, Fruition PO, and the University of Worcester.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{95}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{33}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
Journal-ISO = {{Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MR2AV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000553393400023}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000553393400020,
Author = {Varah, Alexa and Jones, Hannah and Smith, Jo and Potts, Simon G.},
Title = {{Temperate agroforestry systems provide greater pollination service than
   monoculture}},
Journal = {{AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS \& ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{301}},
Month = {{OCT 1}},
Abstract = {{Insect pollination is a globally important ecosystem service,
   contributing to crop yields, production stability and the maintenance of
   wild plant populations. Ironically, agriculture is one of the major
   global drivers of wild insect pollinator decline. At the same time,
   increasing human population is driving ever greater demands on crop
   production. Agroforestry (AF) - a more diverse farming system
   integrating woody and agricultural crops - can theoretically reconcile
   high production with provision of ecosystem services such as
   pollination. However, empirical studies of pollination in temperate AF
   systems are almost entirely lacking. We sought to fill this knowledge
   gap by assessing whether AF can provide increased pollination service
   compared to monoculture (MC) systems. Six UK sites, each containing an
   AF and a MC system, were studied over three years. Wild pollinator
   abundance and diversity were used as proxies for the magnitude and
   stability, respectively, of the pollinating community. We also directly
   measured pollination service as seed set in a wild plant phytometer. We
   found that temperate AF systems can provide greater pollination service
   than MC: AF treatments had twice as many solitary bees and hoverflies,
   and in arable systems 2.4 times more bumblebees, than MC treatments. AF
   also had 4.5 times more seed set compared to MC in one of the two years.
   At 40\% of site-by-year sampling units, species richness of solitary
   bees was on average 10.5 times higher in AF treatments. This provides
   evidence in favour of the expectation that AF systems can support higher
   pollinator richness, and therefore greater potential stability, of
   pollination service. For the other sampling units, and for bumblebees
   (Bombus spp.), there was no treatment effect on species richness.
   Further work is needed to investigate the effect of AF on species
   richness and its mechanistic basis. Our results also highlight the
   importance of AF system design, ensuring that ecosystem services
   outcomes are explicitly planned at the design stage. We suggest that AF
   has a role to play in improving the sustainability of modern farming and
   in mitigating the ongoing loss of wild pollinating insects, which is
   strongly driven by prevailing agricultural practices.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER}},
Address = {{RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Varah, A (Corresponding Author), Univ Reading, Sch Agr Policy \& Dev, Ctr Agrienvironm Res, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England.
   Varah, A (Corresponding Author), Nat Hist Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England.
   Varah, Alexa; Jones, Hannah; Potts, Simon G., Univ Reading, Sch Agr Policy \& Dev, Ctr Agrienvironm Res, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England.
   Smith, Jo, Organ Res Ctr, Elm Farm, Newbury RG20 OHR, Berks, England.
   Varah, Alexa; Jones, Hannah; Potts, Simon G., Nat Hist Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.agee.2020.107031}},
Article-Number = {{107031}},
ISSN = {{0167-8809}},
EISSN = {{1873-2305}},
Keywords = {{Agroforestry; Pollination service; Bumblebee; Hoverfly; Solitary bee;
   Abundance; Richness}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BEE SPECIES RICHNESS; FLOWER VISITING INSECTS; PLANT DIVERSITY; CROP
   POLLINATION; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; AGRICULTURAL MATRIX; BEHAVIORAL
   ECOLOGY; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; FLORAL RESOURCES; MODEL SELECTION}},
Research-Areas = {{Agriculture; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{a.varah@nhm.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Potts, Simon/C-7250-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Varah, Alexa/0000-0002-5024-0737
   Potts, Simon/0000-0002-2045-980X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{University of Reading Research Endowment Trust Fund; Organic Research
   Centre; Nineveh Charitable Trust; BBSRC Doctoral Training Partnership's
   Research Experience Placement scheme; Reading University's Undergraduate
   Research Opportunities Programme}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors thank the farmers who allowed their fields to be surveyed.
   This work was funded by the University of Reading Research Endowment
   Trust Fund and The Organic Research Centre. Additional support was
   provided through The Nineveh Charitable Trust, an intern (Sophie
   Anderson) funded through the BBSRC Doctoral Training Partnership's
   Research Experience Placement scheme, and two interns (Will Smith and
   Patrick Ingle-Finch) funded by Reading University's Undergraduate
   Research Opportunities Programme.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{116}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{29}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
Journal-ISO = {{Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MR2AV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000553393400020}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000577160500006,
Author = {Stuligross, Clara and Williams, Neal M.},
Title = {{Pesticide and resource stressors additively impair wild bee reproduction}},
Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{287}},
Number = {{1935}},
Month = {{SEP 30}},
Abstract = {{Bees and other beneficial insects experience multiple stressors within
   agricultural landscapes that act together to impact their health and
   diminish their ability to deliver the ecosystem services on which human
   food supplies depend. Disentangling the effects of coupled stressors is
   a primary challenge for understanding how to promote their populations
   and ensure robust pollination and other ecosystem services. We used a
   crossed design to quantify the individual and combined effects of food
   resource limitation and pesticide exposure on the survival, nesting, and
   reproduction of the blue orchard beeOsmia lignaria. Nesting females in
   large flight cages accessed wildflowers at high or low densities,
   treated with or without the common insecticide, imidacloprid. Pesticides
   and resource limitation acted additively to dramatically reduce
   reproduction in free-flying bees. Our results emphasize the importance
   of considering multiple drivers to inform population persistence,
   management, and risk assessment for the long-term sustainability of food
   production and natural ecosystems.}},
Publisher = {{ROYAL SOC}},
Address = {{6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Stuligross, C (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Stuligross, Clara, Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol \& Nematol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1098/rspb.2020.1390}},
Article-Number = {{20201390}},
ISSN = {{0962-8452}},
EISSN = {{1471-2954}},
Keywords = {{pesticide; neonicotinoid; floral resources; pollinator; stressors}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SMALL CARPENTER BEE; SOLITARY BEE; WILDFLOWER PLANTINGS; CROP
   POLLINATION; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; FEMALE SIZE; SEX-RATIOS; HYMENOPTERA;
   BUMBLEBEES; IMPACTS}},
Research-Areas = {{Life Sciences \& Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences \&
   Ecology; Evolutionary Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology}},
Author-Email = {{cstuligross@ucdavis.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UC Davis Jastro Research Award; UC Davis Graduate Research Fellowship;
   National Science Foundation Graduate Research FellowshipNational Science
   Foundation (NSF)}},
Funding-Text = {{This study was supported by a UC Davis Jastro Research Award, a UC Davis
   Graduate Research Fellowship, and a National Science Foundation Graduate
   Research Fellowship to C.S.}},
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@article{ ISI:000573593700001,
Author = {Gardner, Emma and Breeze, Tom D. and Clough, Yann and Smith, Henrik G.
   and Baldock, Katherine C. R. and Campbell, Alistair and Garratt, Michael
   P. D. and Gillespie, Mark A. K. and Kunin, William E. and McKerchar,
   Megan and Memmott, Jane and Potts, Simon G. and Senapathi, Deepa and
   Stone, Graham N. and Wackers, Felix and Westbury, Duncan B. and Wilby,
   Andrew and Oliver, Tom H.},
Title = {{Reliably predicting pollinator abundance: Challenges of calibrating
   process-based ecological models}},
Journal = {{METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}},
Abstract = {{Pollination is a key ecosystem service for global agriculture but
   evidence of pollinator population declines is growing. Reliable spatial
   modelling of pollinator abundance is essential if we are to identify
   areas at risk of pollination service deficit and effectively target
   resources to support pollinator populations. Many models exist which
   predict pollinator abundance but few have been calibrated against
   observational data from multiple habitats to ensure their predictions
   are accurate. We selected the most advanced process-based pollinator
   abundance model available and calibrated it for bumblebees and solitary
   bees using survey data collected at 239 sites across Great Britain. We
   compared three versions of the model: one parameterised using estimates
   based on expert opinion, one where the parameters are calibrated using a
   purely data-driven approach and one where we allow the expert opinion
   estimates to inform the calibration process. All three model versions
   showed significant agreement with the survey data, demonstrating this
   model's potential to reliably map pollinator abundance. However, there
   were significant differences between the nesting/floral attractiveness
   scores obtained by the two calibration methods and from the original
   expert opinion scores. Our results highlight a key universal challenge
   of calibrating spatially explicit, process-based ecological models.
   Notably, the desire to reliably represent complex ecological processes
   in finely mapped landscapes necessarily generates a large number of
   parameters, which are challenging to calibrate with ecological and
   geographical data that are often noisy, biased, asynchronous and
   sometimes inaccurate. Purely data-driven calibration can therefore
   result in unrealistic parameter values, despite appearing to improve
   model-data agreement over initial expert opinion estimates. We therefore
   advocate a combined approach where data-driven calibration and expert
   opinion are integrated into an iterative Delphi-like process, which
   simultaneously combines model calibration and credibility assessment.
   This may provide the best opportunity to obtain realistic parameter
   estimates and reliable model predictions for ecological systems with
   expert knowledge gaps and patchy ecological data.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article; Early Access}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Gardner, E (Corresponding Author), Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading, Berks, England.
   Gardner, E (Corresponding Author), Univ Reading, Ctr Agrienvironm Res, Reading, Berks, England.
   Gardner, Emma; Oliver, Tom H., Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading, Berks, England.
   Gardner, Emma; Breeze, Tom D.; Garratt, Michael P. D.; Potts, Simon G.; Senapathi, Deepa, Univ Reading, Ctr Agrienvironm Res, Reading, Berks, England.
   Clough, Yann; Smith, Henrik G., Lund Univ, Ctr Environm \& Climate Res, Lund, Sweden.
   Baldock, Katherine C. R.; Memmott, Jane, Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.
   Baldock, Katherine C. R., Univ Bristol, Cabot Inst, Bristol, Avon, England.
   Baldock, Katherine C. R., Northumb

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/main

extension: bib