text:
. Over two years, we sampled bees and floral resources in 21 pastures at three distance classes from a large (approximately 230-ha) forest patch and of three common types: open pasture; pasture with remnant trees; and pasture with live fences. We found no consistent differences in bee diversity or abundance with respect to pasture management or floral resources. Bee community composition, however, was strikingly different at forest edges as compared to deforested countryside only a few hundred meters from forest. At forest edges, native social stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) comprised approximately 50{\%} of the individuals sampled, while the alien honeybee Apis mellifera made up only approximately 5{\%}. Away from forests, meliponines dropped to approximately 20{\%} of sampled bees, whereas Apis increased to approximately 45{\%}. Meliponine bees were also more speciose at forest edge sites than at a distance from forest, their abundance decreased with continuous distance to the nearest forest patch, and their species richness was correlated with the proportion of forest cover surrounding sample sites at scales from 200 to 1200 m. Meliponines and Apis together comprise the eusocial bee fauna of the study area and are unique in quickly recruiting foragers to high-quality resources. The diverse assemblage of native meliponine bees covers a wide range of body sizes and flower foraging behavior not found in Apis, and populations of many bee species (including Apis), are known to fluctuate considerably from year to year. Thus, the forest-related changes in eusocial bee communities we found may have important implications for: (1) sustaining a diverse bee fauna in tropical countryside; (2) ensuring the effective pollination of a diverse native plant community; and (3) the efficiency and stability of agricultural pollination, particularly for short-time-scale, mass-flowering crops such as coffee.},
author = {Brosi, Berry J and Daily, Gretchen C and Ehrlich, Paul R},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2007/Brosi, Daily, Ehrlich{\_}2007{\_}Bee community shifts with landscape context in a tropical countryside.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1051-0761},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
keywords = {Agriculture,Animals,Bees,Bees: physiology,Community shift,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecosystem,Flowers,Fragmentation,Population Dynamics,Trees,Tropical Climate},
mendeley-tags = {Community shift,Fragmentation},
month = {mar},
number = {2},
pages = {418--30},
pmid = {17489249},
title = {{Bee community shifts with landscape context in a tropical countryside.}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/06-0029 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17489249},
volume = {17},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Poethke2002,
abstract = {Based on a marginal value approach, we derive a nonlinear expression for evolutionarily stable (ES) dispersal rates in a metapopulation with global dispersal. For the general case of density-dependent population growth, our analysis shows that individual dispersal rates should decrease with patch capacity and-beyond a certain threshold-increase with population density. We performed a number of spatially explicit, individual-based simulation experiments to test these predictions and to explore further the relevance of variation in the rate of population increase, density dependence, environmental fluctuations and dispersal mortality on the evolution of dispersal rates. They confirm the predictions of our analytical approach. In addition, they show that dispersal rates in metapopulations mostly depend on dispersal mortality and inter-patch variation in population density. The latter is dominantly driven by environmental fluctuations and the rate of population increase. These conclusions are not altered by the introduction of neighbourhood dispersal. With patch capacities in the order of 100 individuals, kin competition seems to be of negligible importance for ES dispersal rates except when overall dispersal rates are low.},
author = {Poethke, Hans Joachim and Hovestadt, Thomas},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2001.1936},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2002/Poethke, Hovestadt{\_}2002{\_}Evolution of density- and patch-size-dependent dispersal rates.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society},
keywords = {Adaptation,Analysis of Variance,Animals,Biological,Biological Evolution,Dispersal,Ecology,Environment,Models,Movement,Population Density},
mendeley-tags = {Dispersal,Movement},
month = {mar},
number = {1491},
pages = {637--45},
pmid = {11916481},
title = {{Evolution of density- and patch-size-dependent dispersal rates.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1690934{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {269},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Kremen2004,
abstract = {Managing ecosystem services is critical to human survival, yet we do not know how large natural areas must be to support these services. We investigated how crop pollination services provided by native, unmanaged, bee communities varied on organic and conventional farms situated along a gradient of isolation from natural habitat. Pollination services from native bees were significantly, positively related to the proportion of upland natural habitat in the vicinity of farm sites, but not to any other factor studied, including farm type, insecticide usage, field size and honeybee abundance. The scale of this relationship matched bee foraging ranges. Stability and predictability of pollination services also increased with increasing natural habitat area. This strong relationship between natural habitat area and pollination services was robust over space and time, allowing prediction of the area needed to produce a given level of pollination services by wild bees within this landscape.},
author = {Kremen, Claire and Williams, Neal M. and Bugg, Robert L. and Fay, John P. and Thorp, Robin W.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00662.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2004/Kremen et al.{\_}2004{\_}The area requirements of an ecosystem service crop pollination by native bee communities in California.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Bee,Paper,agriculture,apis mellifera,apoidea,bee community,bee foraging distance,conservation,landscape ecology,nesting sites,planning,pollination service,scale effects},
mendeley-tags = {Bee,Paper,nesting sites},
month = {sep},
number = {11},
pages = {1109--1119},
title = {{The area requirements of an ecosystem service: crop pollination by native bee communities in California}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00662.x},
volume = {7},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Benitez-Lopez2017,
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {AVG-389},
author = {Ben{\'{i}}tez-L{\'{o}}pez, A and Alkemade, R and Schipper, A M and Ingram, D J and Verweij, P A and Eikelboom, J A J and Huijbregts, M A J},
doi = {10.1126/science.aaj1891},
eprint = {AVG-389},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/180.full.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0006-3207},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Tropical,biodiversity,hunting},
month = {apr},
number = {6334},
pages = {180--183},
pmid = {28408600},
title = {{The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaj1891},
volume = {356},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Jauker2009,
abstract = {Semi-natural habitats provide essential resources for pollinators within agricultural landscapes and may help maintain pollination services in agroecosystems. Yet, whether or not pollinators disperse from semi-natural habitat elements into the adjacent agricultural matrix may to a large extent depend on the quality of this matrix and the corresponding pollinator-specific life history traits. To investigate the effects of matrix quality on the distance decay of wild bees and hoverflies, six transects along vegetated field tracks originating at a large semi-natural main habitat and leading into the adjacent agricultural matrix were established in the Wetterau Region, central Hesse, Germany. Species richness of wild bees did not change with distance from the main habitat in landscapes with sufficient grassland cover in the surrounding landscape, but significantly declined when semi-natural grasslands where scarce and isolated in the adjacent agricultural matrix. Abundance of wild bees declined with distance regardless of matrix quality. Species richness of hoverflies did not decline with increasing distance in any landscape. Abundance even increased with distance to the main habitat independently of matrix quality. Thus, our data show that taxa of the pollinator guild may perceive landscapes quite differently. Because of their differing dispersal modes and resource requirements as compared to wild bees, hoverflies may play an important role in maintaining pollination services in agricultural landscapes unsuitable for bee species. Our results highlight the need for considering these taxon-specific differences when predicting the effect of landscape structure on pollinators.},
author = {Jauker, Frank and Diek{\"{o}}tter, Tim and Schwarzbach, Franziska and Wolters, Volkmar},
doi = {10.1007/s10980-009-9331-2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2009/Jauker et al.{\_}2009{\_}Pollinator dispersal in an agricultural matrix opposing responses of wild bees and hoverflies to landscape structure.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0921-2973},
journal = {Landscape Ecology},
keywords = {Apidae,Bee,Landscape,Landscape context Distribution patterns,Pollination,Syrphidae},
mendeley-tags = {Bee,Landscape,Pollination},
month = {feb},
number = {4},
pages = {547--555},
title = {{Pollinator dispersal in an agricultural matrix: opposing responses of wild bees and hoverflies to landscape structure and distance from main habitat}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10980-009-9331-2},
volume = {24},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Visconti2014,
author = {Visconti, Piero and Bakkenes, Michel and Baisero, Daniele and Brooks, Thomas and Butchart, Stuart H. M. and Joppa, Lucas and Alkemade, Rob and {Di Marco}, Moreno and Santini, Luca and Hoffmann, Michael and Maiorano, Luigi and Pressey, Robert L. and Arponen, Anni and Boitani, Luigi and Reside, April E. and van Vuuren, Detlef P. and Rondinini, Carlo},
doi = {10.1111/conl.12159},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Visconti et al. - 2014 - Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1755263X},
journal = {Conservation Letters},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {5--13},
title = {{Projecting Global Biodiversity Indicators under Future Development Scenarios}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/conl.12159},
volume = {9},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pechony2010,
abstract = {Recent bursts in the incidence of large wildfires worldwide have raised concerns about the influence climate change and humans might have on future fire activity. Comparatively little is known, however, about the relative importance of these factors in shaping global fire history. Here we use fire and climate modeling, combined with land cover and population estimates, to gain a better understanding of the forces driving global fire trends. Our model successfully reproduces global fire activity record over the last millennium and reveals distinct regimes in global fire behavior. We find that during the preindustrial period, the global fire regime was strongly driven by precipitation (rather than temperature), shifting to an anthropogenic-driven regime with the Industrial Revolution. Our future projections indicate an impending shift to a temperature-driven global fire regime in the 21st century, creating an unprecedentedly fire-prone environment. These results suggest a possibility that in the future climate will play a considerably stronger role in driving global fire trends, outweighing direct human influence on fire (both ignition and suppression), a reversal from the situation during the last two centuries.},
author = {Pechony, O and Shindell, D T},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1003669107},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pechony, Shindell - 2010 - Driving forces of global wildfires over the past millennium and the forthcoming century.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1003669107},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
keywords = {21st Century,Ancient,Climate Change,Fires,Fires: history,Forecasting,History,Human Activities,Humans,Industry,Rain,Temperature},
month = {nov},
number = {45},
pages = {19167--19170},
pmid = {20974914},
title = {{Driving forces of global wildfires over the past millennium and the forthcoming century}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/107/45/19167.full{\#}ref-29 http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1003669107},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Beaulieu2012,
abstract = {Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies using change-point methods to detect artificial or natural discontinuities and regime shifts in climate. However, a major drawback with most of the currently used change-point methods is the lack of flexibility (able to detect one specific type of shift under the assumption that the residuals are independent). As temporal variations in climate are complex, it may be difficult to identify change points with very simple models. Moreover, climate time series are known to exhibit autocorrelation, which corresponds to a model misspecification if not taken into account and can lead to the detection of non-existent shifts. In this study, we extend a method known as the informational approach for change-point detection to take into account the presence of autocorrelation in the model. The usefulness and flexibility of this approach are demonstrated through applications. Furthermore, it is highly desirable to develop techniques that can detect shifts soon after they occur for climate monitoring. To address this, we also carried out a simulation study in order to investigate the number of years after which an abrupt shift is detectable. We use two decision rules in order to decide whether a shift is detected or not, which represents a trade-off between increasing our chances of detecting a shift and reducing the risk of detecting a shift while in reality there is none. We show that, as of now, we have good chances to detect an abrupt shift with a magnitude that is larger than that of the standard deviation in the series of observations. For shifts with a very large magnitude (three times the standard deviation), our simulation study shows that after only 4 years the probabilities of shift detection reach nearly 100 per cent. This reveals that the approach has potential for climate monitoring.},
author = {Beaulieu, Claudie and Chen, Jie and Sarmiento, Jorge L},
doi = {10.1098/rsta.2011.0383},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beaulieu, Chen, Sarmiento - 2012 - Change-point analysis as a tool to detect abrupt climate variations.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1364-503X},
issn = {1364-503X},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
keywords = {abrupt climate change,autocorrelation,change-point detection,regime shift},
month = {mar},
number = {1962},
pages = {1228--1249},
pmid = {22291231},
title = {{Change-point analysis as a tool to detect abrupt climate variations}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291231 http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rsta.2011.0383},
volume = {370},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Turner2010,
abstract = {Disturbance regimes are changing rapidly, and the consequences of such changes for ecosystems and linked social-ecological systems will be profound. This paper synthesizes current understanding of disturbance with an emphasis on fundamental contributions to contemporary landscape and ecosystem ecology, then identifies future research priorities. Studies of disturbance led to insights about heterogeneity, scale, and thresholds in space and time and catalyzed new paradigms in ecology. Because they create vegetation patterns, disturbances also establish spatial patterns of many ecosystem processes on the landscape. Drivers of global change will produce new spatial patterns, altered disturbance regimes, novel trajectories of change, and surprises. Future disturbances will continue to provide valuable opportunities for studying pattern–process interactions. Changing disturbance regimes will produce acute changes in ecosystems and ecosystem services over the short (years to decades) and long term (centuries and...},
author = {Turner, Monica G},
doi = {10.1890/10-0097.1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Turner - 2010 - Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0012-9658},
issn = {0012-9658},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {MacArthur Address,Pinus contorta,Yellowstone National Park,disturbance regime,ecosystem ecology,fire,global change,landscape ecology,scale,spatial heterogeneity,succession},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {2833--2849},
pmid = {21058545},
title = {{Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org.ezproxy.is.ed.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1890/10-0097.1 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/10-0097.1},
volume = {91},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Hammond2014,
abstract = {Ecological processes, like the rise and fall of populations, leave an imprint of their dynamics as a pattern in space. Mining this spatial record for insight into temporal change underlies many applications, including using spatial snapshots to infer trends in communities, rates of species spread across boundaries, likelihood of chaotic dynamics, and proximity to regime shifts. However, these approaches rely on an inherent but undefined link between spatial and temporal variation. We present a quantitative link between a variable's spatial and temporal variation based on established variance-partitioning techniques, and test it for predictive and diagnostic applications. A strong link existed between spatial and regional temporal variation (estimated as Coefficients of Variation or CV's) in 136 variables from three aquatic ecosystems. This association suggests a basis for substituting one for the other, either quantitatively or qualitatively, when long time series are lacking. We further show that weak substitution of temporal for spatial CV results from distortion by specific spatiotemporal patterns (e.g., inter-patch synchrony). Where spatial and temporal CV's do not match, we pinpoint the spatiotemporal causes of deviation in the dynamics of variables and suggest ways that may control for them. In turn, we demonstrate the use of this framework for describing spatiotemporal patterns in multiple ecosystem variables and attributing them to types of mechanisms. Linking spatial and temporal variability makes quantitative the hitherto inexact practice of space-for-time substitution and may thus point to new opportunities for navigating the complex variation of ecosystems.},
author = {Hammond, Matthew P. and Kolasa, Jurek},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0089245},
editor = {Boldgiv, Bazartseren},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hammond, Kolasa - 2014 - Spatial Variation as a Tool for Inferring Temporal Variation and Diagnosing Types of Mechanisms in Ecosystems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
keywords = {CV},
mendeley-tags = {CV},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {e89245},
pmid = {24586627},
title = {{Spatial Variation as a Tool for Inferring Temporal Variation and Diagnosing Types of Mechanisms in Ecosystems}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089245},
volume = {9},
year = {2014}
}
@incollection{Purvis2018,
abstract = {The PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) has collated ecological survey data from hundreds of published biodiversity comparisons of sites facing different land-use and related pressures, and used the resulting taxonomically and geographically broad database (abundance and occurrence data for over 50,000 species and over 30,000 sites in nearly 100 countries) to develop global biodiversity models, indicators, and projections. After outlining the science and science-policy gaps that motivated PREDICTS, this review discusses the key design decisions that helped it to achieve its objectives. In particular, we discuss basing models on a large, taxonomically, and geographically representative database, so that they may be applicable to biodiversity more broadly; space-for-time substitution, which allows estimation of pressure-state models without the need for representative time-series data; and collation of raw data rather than statistical results, greatly expanding the range of response variables that can be modelled. The heterogeneity of data in the PREDICTS database has presented a range of modelling challenges: we discuss these with a focus on our implementation of the Biodiversity Intactness Index, an indicator with considerable policy potential but which had not previously been estimated from primary biodiversity data. We then summarise the findings from analyses of how land use and related pressures affect local ($\alpha$) diversity and spatial turnover ($\beta$ diversity), and how these effects are mediated by ecological attributes of species. We discuss the relevance of our findings for policy, before ending with some directions of ongoing and possible future research.},
author = {Purvis, Andy and Newbold, Tim and {De Palma}, Adriana and Contu, Sara and Hill, Samantha L.L. and Sanchez-Ortiz, Katia and Phillips, Helen R.P. and Hudson, Lawrence N. and Lysenko, Igor and B{\"{o}}rger, Luca and Scharlemann, J{\"{o}}rn P.W.},
booktitle = {Advances in Ecological Research},
doi = {10.1016/bs.aecr.2017.12.003},
edition = {1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/1-s2.0-S0065250417300284-main.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780128139493},
issn = {00652504},
keywords = {Alpha diversity,Beta diversity,Biodiversity indicators,Biodiversity intactness index,Biodiversity models,Hockey-stick graph,Meta-analysis,PREDICTS,Representativeness},
mendeley-tags = {PREDICTS},
pages = {201--241},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{Modelling and Projecting the Response of Local Terrestrial Biodiversity Worldwide to Land Use and Related Pressures: The PREDICTS Project}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2017.12.003 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0065250417300284},
volume = {58},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Araujo2006,
abstract = {Abstract Species distribution modelling is central to both fundamental and applied research in biogeography. Despite widespread use of models, there are still important conceptual ambiguities as well as biotic and algorithmic uncertainties that need to be investigated in order to increase confidence in model results. We identify and discuss five areas of enquiry that are of high importance for species distribution modelling: (1) clarification of the niche concept; (2) improved designs for sampling data for building models; (3) improved parameterization; (4) improved model selection and predictor contribution; and (5) improved model evaluation. The challenges discussed in this essay do not preclude the need for developments of other areas of research in this field. However, they are critical for allowing the science of species distribution modelling to move forward},
author = {Ara{\'{u}}jo, Miguel B. and Guisan, Antoine},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01584.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2006/Ara{\'{u}}jo, Guisan{\_}2006{\_}Five (or so) challenges for species distribution modelling.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1365-2699},
issn = {0305-0270},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
keywords = {Fundamental niche,Model evaluation,Niche models,Parameterization,Realized niche,SDM,Sampling,Variable selection},
mendeley-tags = {SDM},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {1677--1688},
pmid = {348},
title = {{Five (or so) challenges for species distribution modelling}},
volume = {33},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Nielsen2007,
abstract = {This paper describes new extensions to the previously published multivariate alteration detection (MAD) method for change detection in bi-temporal, multi- and hypervariate data such as remote sensing imagery. Much like boosting methods often applied in data mining work, the iteratively reweighted (IR) MAD method in a series of iterations places increasing focus on "difficult" observations, here observations whose change status over time is uncertain. The MAD method is based on the established technique of canonical correlation analysis: for the multivariate data acquired at two points in time and covering the same geographical region, we calculate the canonical variates and subtract them from each other. These orthogonal differences contain maximum information on joint change in all variables (spectral bands). The change detected in this fashion is invariant to separate linear (affine) transformations in the originally measured variables at the two points in time, such as 1) changes in gain and offset in the measuring device used to acquire the data, 2) data normalization or calibration schemes that are linear (affine) in the gray values of the original variables, or 3) orthogonal or other affine transformations, such as principal component (PC) or maximum autocorrelation factor (MAF) transformations. The IR-MAD method first calculates ordinary canonical and original MAD variates. In the following iterations we apply different weights to the observations, large weights being assigned to observations that show little change, i.e., for which the sum of squared, standardized MAD variates is small, and small weights being assigned to observations for which the sum is large. Like the original MAD method, the iterative extension is invariant to linear (affine) transformations of the original variables. To stabilize solutions to the (IR-)MAD problem, some form of regularization may be needed. This is especially useful for work on hyperspectral data. This paper describes ordinary two-set canonical correlation analysis, the MAD transformation, the iterative extension, and three regularization schemes. A simple case with real Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data at one point in time and (partly) constructed data at the other point in time that demonstrates the superiority of the iterative scheme over the original MAD method is shown. Also, examples with SPOT High Resolution Visible data from an agricultural region in Kenya, and hyperspectral airborne HyMap data from a small rural area in southeastern Germany are given. The latter case demonstrates the need for regularization.},
author = {Nielsen, Allan Aasbjerg},
doi = {10.1109/TIP.2006.888195},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nielsen - 2007 - The Regularized Iteratively Reweighted MAD Method for Change Detection in Multi- and Hyperspectral Data.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1057-7149},
issn = {1057-7149},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Image Processing},
keywords = {Canonical correlation analysis (CCA),Iteratively reweighted multivariate alteration det,MAD transformation Regularization or penalization,Remote sensing},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {463--478},
pmid = {17269639},
title = {{The Regularized Iteratively Reweighted MAD Method for Change Detection in Multi- and Hyperspectral Data}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4060945/},
volume = {16},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Fischer2009,
abstract = {Global food demand is growing rapidly. Livestock grazing can provide a valuable source of protein, but conventional grazing is often unsustainable. We studied an 800,000-ha section of a threatened ecoregion in southeastern Australia. Conventional management in the region involves continuous livestock grazing with few rest periods and regular fertilizer application. By using remotely sensed data on tree cover and extensive field data on livestock grazing regimes, soil chemistry, tree diameters, and tree regeneration, we show that the region is facing a tree regeneration crisis. Under conventional management, across the region, millions of hectares of land currently supporting tens of millions of trees will be treeless within decades from now. This would have severe negative ramifications for biodiversity and key ecosystem services, including water infiltration and shade provision for livestock. However, we identified an unexpected win-win solution for tree regeneration and commercial grazing. A relatively new practice in the region is fast-rotational grazing, characterized by prolonged rest periods in between short, intensive grazing events. The probability of regeneration under fast-rotational grazing was up to 4-fold higher than under conventional grazing, and it did not differ significantly from the probability of regeneration in ungrazed areas. In addition, trees were more likely to regenerate where soil nutrient levels were low. These findings suggest that the tree regeneration crisis can be reversed by applying low-input, fast-rotational grazing. New policy settings supporting these practices could signal a turning point for the region, from ecological decline to ecological recovery.},
author = {Fischer, Joern and Stott, Jenny and Zerger, Andre and Warren, Garth and Sherren, Kate and Forrester, Robert I},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0900110106},
isbn = {0027-8424},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
number = {25},
pages = {10386--10391},
pmid = {19497886},
title = {{Reversing a tree regeneration crisis in an endangered ecoregion.}},
volume = {106},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Essl2015,
abstract = {Delayed biodiversity responses to environmental forcing mean that rates of contemporary biodiversity changes are underestimated, yet these delays are rarely addressed in conservation policies. Here, we identify mechanisms that lead to such time lags, discuss shifting human perceptions, and propose how these phenomena should be addressed in biodiversity management and science.},
author = {Essl, Franz and Dullinger, Stefan and Rabitsch, Wolfgang and Hulme, Philip E. and Py{\v{s}}ek, Petr and Wilson, John R.U. and Richardson, David M.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2015.05.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/1-s2.0-S016953471500124X-main.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0169-5347},
issn = {01695347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
keywords = {Extinction debt,Global change,Management,Relaxation time,Shifting baselines,Time lags},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {375--378},
pmid = {26028440},
title = {{Delayed biodiversity change: no time to waste}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016953471500124X},
volume = {30},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Gebbert2014,
abstract = {Time in geographic information systems has been a research theme for more than two decades, resulting in comprehensive theoretical work, many research prototypes and several working solutions. However, none of the available solutions provides the ability to manage, analyze, process and visualize large environmental spatio-temporal datasets and the investigation and assessment of temporal relationships between them. We present in this paper a freely available field based temporal GIS (TGRASS) that fulfills these requirements. Our approach is based on the integration of time in the open source Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS). We introduce the concept of a space time dataset that is defined as a collection of time stamped raster, voxel or vector data. A dedicated set of spatio-temporal tools was implemented to manage, process and analyze space time datasets and their temporal and spatial relationships. We demonstrate the temporal GIS and environmental modeling capabilities of TGRASS by analyzing a multi-decadal European climate dataset. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
author = {Gebbert, S{\"{o}}ren and Pebesma, Edzer},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.11.001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2014/Gebbert, Pebesma{\_}2014{\_}TGRASS A temporal GIS for field based environmental modeling.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13648152},
journal = {Environmental Modelling and Software},
keywords = {GRASS GIS,Spatio-temporal modeling,Temporal GIS},
pages = {1--12},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{TGRASS: A temporal GIS for field based environmental modeling}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.11.001},
volume = {53},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Tomscha2016,
author = {Tomscha, Stephanie A. and Sutherland, Ira J. and Renard, Delphine and Gergel, Sarah E. and Rhemtulla, Jeanine M. and Bennett, Elena M. and Daniels, Lori D. and Eddy, Ian M. S. and Clark, Emily E.},
doi = {10.1093/biosci/biw086},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tomscha et al. - 2016 - A Guide to Historical Data Sets for Reconstructing Ecosystem Service Change over Time.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0006-3568},
journal = {BioScience},
keywords = {conditions,decades,dynamics has rapidly expanded,ecosystem,ecosystem service capacity,ecosystem service demand,ecosystem service interactions,historical ecological data,landscape history,n ecosystem,our knowledge of long-term,over the past several,present and future,s history shapes its},
month = {jul},
number = {X},
pages = {biw086},
title = {{A Guide to Historical Data Sets for Reconstructing Ecosystem Service Change over Time}},
url = {http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1093/biosci/biw086},
volume = {XX},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Lengerich2017,
abstract = {Humans tend to rate every dog as a good dog. This leads to significant social conflict and suboptimal pet choices. To fix this, we introduce DeepDoggo, the first neural network to classify images of dogs as either good dogs or bad dogs. DeepDoggo is available at deepdoggo.com.},
author = {Lengerich, Benjamin J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lengerich - 2017 - D EEP D OGGO L EARNING T HE A NSWER T O “ W HO ' S A G OOD D OG ”.pdf:pdf},
number = {2016},
pages = {1--4},
title = {{DeepDoggo: Learning the answer to “Who is a good dog?”}},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Fischer2004,
abstract = {Abstract: Organisms respond to their surroundings at multiple spatial scales, and different organisms respond differently to the same environment. Existing landscape models, such as the "fragmentation model" (or patch-matrix-corridor model) and the "variegation model," can be limited in their ability to explain complex patterns for different species and across multiple scales. An alternative approach is to conceptualize landscapes as overlaid species-specific habitat contour maps. Key characteristics of this approach are that different species may respond differently to the same environmental conditions and at different spatial scales. Although similar approaches are being used in ecological modeling, there is much room for habitat contours as a useful conceptual tool. By providing an alternative view of landscapes, a contour model may stimulate more field investigations stratified on the basis of ecological variables other than human-defined patches and patch boundaries. A conceptual model of habitat contours may also help to communicate ecological complexity to land managers. Finally, by incorporating additional ecological complexity, a conceptual model based on habitat contours may help to bridge the perceived gap between pattern and process in landscape ecology. Habitat contours do not preclude the use of existing landscape models and should be seen as a complementary approach most suited to heterogeneous human-modified landscapes.},
author = {Fischer, Joern and Lindenmayer, David B. and Fazey, Ioan},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00263.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/FISCHER, LINDENMAYER, FAZEY - 2004 - Appreciating Ecological Complexity Habitat Contours as a Conceptual Landscape Model.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0888-8892},
issn = {0888-8892},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
keywords = {Conceptual models,Fragmentation,Habitat contours,Habitat suitability maps,Landscape models,Patch-matrix-corridor model,Variegation},
month = {oct},
number = {5},
pages = {1245--1253},
title = {{Appreciating Ecological Complexity: Habitat Contours as a Conceptual Landscape Model}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00263.x},
volume = {18},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Lester2007,
author = {Lester, Sarah E. and Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. and Gaines, Steven D. and Kinlan, Brian P.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01070.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lester et al. - 2007 - The relationship between dispersal ability and geographic range size.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461-023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {10,2007,745,758,biogeography,colonization,dispersal,duration,ecology letters,geographical distribution,marine,pelagic larval,range size,selection,speciation},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {745--758},
title = {{The relationship between dispersal ability and geographic range size}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01070.x},
volume = {10},
year = {2007}
}
@article{DAmen2015a,
author = {D'Amen, Manuela and Rahbek, Carsten and Zimmermann, Niklaus E. and Guisan, Antoine},
doi = {10.1111/brv.12222},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/D'Amen et al. - 2015 - Spatial predictions at the community level from current approaches to future frameworks.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14647931},
journal = {Biological Reviews},
keywords = {biotic interactions,dispersal,environmental filter,evolutionary forces,modelling,species pool,stochasticity},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {169--187},
title = {{Spatial predictions at the community level: from current approaches to future frameworks}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/brv.12222},
volume = {92},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Cousins2015,
abstract = {Extensive changes in land cover during the 20th century are known to have had detrimental effects on biodiversity in rural landscapes, but the magnitude of change and their ecological effects are not well known on regional scales. We digitized historical maps from the beginning of the 20th century over a 1652 km(2) study area in southeastern Sweden, comparing it to modern-day land cover with a focus on valuable habitat types. Semi-natural grassland cover decreased by over 96 {\%} in the study area, being largely lost to afforestation and silviculture. Grasslands on finer soils were more likely to be converted into modern grassland or arable fields. However, in addition to remaining semi-natural grassland, today's valuable deciduous forest and wetland habitats were mostly grazed grassland in 1900. An analysis of the landscape-level biodiversity revealed that plant species richness was generally more related to the modern landscape, with grazing management being a positive influence on species richness.},
author = {Cousins, Sara A.O. O. and Auffret, Alistair G. and Lindgren, Jessica and Tr{\"{a}}nk, Louise},
doi = {10.1007/s13280-014-0585-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cousins et al. - 2015 - Regional-scale land-cover change during the 20th century and its consequences for biodiversity.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00447447 (ISSN)},
issn = {00447447},
journal = {Ambio},
keywords = {Habitat fragmentation,Historical ecology,Historical maps,Landscape change,Semi-natural grasslands,Species richness},
month = {jan},
number = {S1},
pages = {17--27},
pmid = {25576277},
title = {{Regional-scale land-cover change during the 20th century and its consequences for biodiversity}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13280-014-0585-9},
volume = {44},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Whittingham2006,
abstract = {1. The biases and shortcomings of stepwise multiple regression are well established within the statistical literature. However, an examination of papers published in 2004 by three leading ecological and behavioural journals suggested that the use of this technique remains widespread: of 65 papers in which a multiple regression approach was used, 57{\%} of studies used a stepwise procedure. 2. The principal drawbacks of stepwise multiple regression include bias in parameter estimation, inconsistencies among model selection algorithms, an inherent (but often overlooked) problem of multiple hypothesis testing, and an inappropriate focus or reliance on a single best model. We discuss each of these issues with examples. 3. We use a worked example of data on yellowhammer distribution collected over 4 years to highlight the pitfalls of stepwise regression. We show that stepwise regression allows models containing significant predictors to be obtained from each year's data. In spite of the significance of the selected models, they vary substantially between years and suggest patterns that are at odds with those determined by analysing the full, 4-year data set. 4. An information theoretic (IT) analysis of the yellowhammer data set illustrates why the varying outcomes of stepwise analyses arise. In particular, the IT approach identifies large numbers of competing models that could describe the data equally well, showing that no one model should be relied upon for inference.},
author = {Whittingham, Mark J. and Stephens, Philip a. and Bradbury, Richard B. and Freckleton, Robert P.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01141.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2006/Whittingham et al.{\_}2006{\_}Why do we still use stepwise modelling in ecology and behaviour.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0021-8790 (Print)},
issn = {00218790},
journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
keywords = {Ecological modelling,Habitat selection,Method-Paper,Minimum adequate model,Multivariate statistical analysis,Statistical bias},
mendeley-tags = {Method-Paper},
pages = {1182--1189},
pmid = {16922854},
title = {{Why do we still use stepwise modelling in ecology and behaviour?}},
volume = {75},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Schepaschenko2015,
abstract = {A number of global and regional maps of forest extent are available, but when compared spatially, there are large areas of disagreement. Moreover, there is currently no global forest map that is consistent with forest statistics from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). By combining these diverse data sources into a single forest cover product, it is possible to produce a global forest map that is more accurate than the individual input layers and to produce a map that is consistent with FAO statistics. In this paper we applied geographically weighted regression (GWR) to integrate eight different forest products into three global hybrid forest cover maps at a 1. km resolution for the reference year 2000. Input products included global land cover and forest maps at varying resolutions from 30. m to 1. km, mosaics of regional land use/land cover products where available, and the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields product. The GWR was trained using crowdsourced data collected via the Geo-Wiki platform and the hybrid maps were then validated using an independent dataset collected via the same system. Three different hybrid maps were produced: two consistent with FAO statistics, one at the country and one at the regional level, and a "best guess" forest cover map that is independent of FAO. Independent validation showed that the "best guess" hybrid product had the best overall accuracy of 93{\%} when compared with the individual input datasets. The global hybrid forest cover maps are available at http://biomass.geo-wiki.org.},
author = {Schepaschenko, Dmitry and See, Linda and Lesiv, Myroslava and McCallum, Ian and Fritz, Steffen and Salk, Carl and Moltchanova, Elena and Perger, Christoph and Shchepashchenko, Maria and Shvidenko, Anatoly and Kovalevskyi, Sergii and Gilitukha, Dmytro and Albrecht, Franziska and Kraxner, Florian and Bun, Andriy and Maksyutov, Shamil and Sokolov, Alexander and D{\"{u}}rauer, Martina and Obersteiner, Michael and Karminov, Viktor and Ontikov, Petr},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schepaschenko et al. - 2015 - Development of a global hybrid forest mask through the synergy of remote sensing, crowdsourcing and FAO st.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Crowdsourcing,Forest cover,Geographically weighted regression},
month = {jun},
pages = {208--220},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Development of a global hybrid forest mask through the synergy of remote sensing, crowdsourcing and FAO statistics}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.011 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425715000644},
volume = {162},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Zhu2016a,
abstract = {Remote sensing has proven a useful way of evaluating long-term trends in vegetation ???greenness??? through the use of vegetation indices like Normalized Differences Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). In particular, analyses of greenness trends have been performed for large areas (continents, for example) in an attempt to understand vegetation response to climate. These studies have been most often used coarse resolution sensors like Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). However, trends in greenness are also important at more local scales, particularly in and around cities as vegetation offers a variety of valuable ecosystem services ranging from minimizing air pollution to mitigating urban heat island effects. To explore the ability to monitor greenness trends in and around cities, this paper presents a new way for analyzing greenness trends based on all available Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images and applies it to Guangzhou, China. This method is capable of including the effects of land cover change in the evaluation of greenness trends by separating the effects of abrupt and gradual changes, and providing information on the timing of greenness trends. An assessment of the consistency of surface reflectance from Landsat 8 with past Landsat sensors indicates biases in the visible bands of Landsat 8, especially the blue band. Landsat 8 NDVI values were found to have a larger bias than the EVI values; therefore, EVI was used in the analysis of greenness trends for Guangzhou. In spite of massive amounts of development in Guangzhou from 2000 to 2014, greenness was found to increase, mostly as a result of gradual change. Comparison of the greening magnitudes estimated from the approach presented here and a Simple Linear Trend (SLT) method indicated large differences for certain time intervals as the SLT method does not include consideration for abrupt land cover changes. Overall, this analysis demonstrates the importance of considering land cover change when analyzing trends in greenness from satellite time series in areas where land cover change is common.},
author = {Zhu, Zhe and Fu, Yingchun and Woodcock, Curtis E. and Olofsson, Pontus and Vogelmann, James E. and Holden, Christopher and Wang, Min and Dai, Shu and Yu, Yang},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.036},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhu et al. - 2016 - Including land cover change in analysis of greenness trends using all available Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images A case st.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Abrupt change,CCDC,Gradual change,Greenness,Guangzhou,Land cover change,Landsat,Time series,Trend},
month = {nov},
pages = {243--257},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Including land cover change in analysis of greenness trends using all available Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images: A case study from Guangzhou, China (2000–2014)}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.036 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425716301407},
volume = {185},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Hamunyela2016,
author = {Hamunyela, Eliakim and Verbesselt, Jan and Herold, Martin},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.006},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hamunyela, Verbesselt, Herold - 2016 - Using spatial context to improve early detection of deforestation from Landsat time series.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
month = {jan},
number = {November},
pages = {126--138},
title = {{Using spatial context to improve early detection of deforestation from Landsat time series}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425715301942},
volume = {172},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Muller2014,
abstract = {Payment schemes for ecosystem services such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) rely on the prediction of ‘business-as-usual' scenarios to ensure that emission reductions from carbon credits are additional. However, land systems often undergo periods of nonlinear and abrupt change that invalidate predictions calibrated on past trends. Rapid land-system change can occur when critical thresholds in broad-scale underlying drivers such as commodity prices and climate conditions are crossed or when sudden events such as political change or natural disasters punctuate long-term equilibria. As a result, land systems can shift to new regimes with markedly different economic and ecological characteristics. Anticipating the timing and nature of regime shifts of land systems is extremely challenging, as we demonstrate through empirical case studies in four countries in Southeast Asia (China, Laos, Vietnam and Indonesia). The results show how sudden events and gradual changes in underlying drivers caused rapid, surprising and widespread land-system changes, including shifts to different regimes in China, Vietnam and Indonesia, whereas land systems in Laos remained stable in the study period but show recent signs of rapid change. The observed regime shifts were difficult to anticipate, which compromises the validity of predictions of future land-system changes and the assessment of their impact on greenhouse gas emissions, hydrological processes, agriculture, biodiversity and livelihoods. This implies that long-term initiatives such as REDD must account for the substantial uncertainties inherent in future predictions of land-system change. Learning from past regime shifts and identifying early warning signs for future regime shifts are important challenges for land-system science.},
author = {M{\"{u}}ller, Daniel and Sun, Zhanli and Vongvisouk, Thoumthone and Pflugmacher, Dirk and Xu, Jianchu and Mertz, Ole},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.003},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2014/M{\"{u}}ller et al.{\_}2014{\_}Regime shifts limit the predictability of land-system change.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2014/M{\"{u}}ller et al.{\_}2014{\_}Regime shifts limit the predictability of land-system change(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {09593780},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
pages = {75--83},
title = {{Regime shifts limit the predictability of land-system change}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378014001083},
volume = {28},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Flynn2009,
abstract = {Land use intensification can greatly reduce species richness and ecosystem functioning. However, species richness determines ecosystem functioning through the diversity and values of traits of species present. Here, we analyze changes in species richness and functional diversity (FD) at varying agricultural land use intensity levels. We test hypotheses of FD responses to land use intensification in plant, bird, and mammal communities using trait data compiled for 1600+ species. To isolate changes in FD from changes in species richness we compare the FD of communities to the null expectations of FD values. In over one-quarter of the bird and mammal communities impacted by agriculture, declines in FD were steeper than predicted by species number. In plant communities, changes in FD were indistinguishable from changes in species richness. Land use intensification can reduce the functional diversity of animal communities beyond changes in species richness alone, potentially imperiling provisioning of ecosystem services.},
author = {Flynn, Dan F B and Gogol-Prokurat, Melanie and Nogeire, Theresa and Molinari, Nicole and Richers, B??rbara Trautman and Lin, Brenda B. and Simpson, Nicholas and Mayfield, Margaret M. and DeClerck, Fabrice},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01255.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Flynn et al. - 2009 - Loss of functional diversity under land use intensification across multiple taxa.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-023X},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Biodiversity measurement,Functional redundancy,Functional traits,Land use change,Meta-analysis},
number = {1},
pages = {22--33},
pmid = {19087109},
title = {{Loss of functional diversity under land use intensification across multiple taxa}},
volume = {12},
year = {2009}
}
@article{VanVliet2015,
author = {van Vliet, Jasper and Magliocca, Nicholas R. and B{\"{u}}chner, Bianka and Cook, Elizabeth and {Rey Benayas}, Jos{\'{e}} M. and Ellis, Erle C. and Heinimann, Andreas and Keys, Eric and Lee, Tien Ming and Liu, Jianguo and Mertz, Ole and Meyfroidt, Patrick and Moritz, Mark and Poeplau, Christopher and Robinson, Brian E. and Seppelt, Ralf and Seto, Karen C. and Verburg, Peter H.},
doi = {10.1007/s13280-015-0699-8},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/van Vliet et al. - 2015 - Meta-studies in land use science Current coverage and prospects.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0044-7447},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
keywords = {environmental systems {\'{a}} drivers,human,land use change {\'{a}},meta-analysis {\'{a}} systematic review,{\'{a}} impacts {\'{a}}},
month = {sep},
title = {{Meta-studies in land use science: Current coverage and prospects}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13280-015-0699-8},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Greenleaf2007,
abstract = {Bees are the most important pollinator taxon; therefore, understanding the scale at which they forage has important ecological implications and conservation applications. The foraging ranges for most bee species are unknown. Foraging distance information is critical for understanding the scale at which bee populations respond to the landscape, assessing the role of bee pollinators in affecting plant population structure, planning conservation strategies for plants, and designing bee habitat refugia that maintain pollination function for wild and crop plants. We used data from 96 records of 62 bee species to determine whether body size predicts foraging distance. We regressed maximum and typical foraging distances on body size and found highly significant and explanatory nonlinear relationships. We used a second data set to: (1) compare observed reports of foraging distance to the distances predicted by our regression equations and (2) assess the biases inherent to the different techniques that have been used to assess foraging distance. The equations we present can be used to predict foraging distances for many bee species, based on a simple measurement of body size.},
author = {Greenleaf, Sarah S and Williams, Neal M and Winfree, Rachael and Kremen, Claire and Ani, Plant and Inte, M A L and Ctions, R A},
doi = {10.1007/s00442-007-0752-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2007/Greenleaf et al.{\_}2007{\_}Bee foraging ranges and their relationship to body size.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0044200707529},
issn = {0029-8549},
journal = {Oecologia},
keywords = {Animals,Bees,Bees: physiology,Body Size: physiology,Feeding Behavior,Feeding Behavior: physiology,apoidea,body size,foraging distance},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {589--96},
pmid = {17483965},
title = {{Bee foraging ranges and their relationship to body size.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17483965},
volume = {153},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Lhermitte2011,
author = {Lhermitte, S. and Verbesselt, J. and Verstraeten, W.W. and Coppin, P.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.020},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lhermitte et al. - 2011 - A comparison of time series similarity measures for classification and change detection of ecosystem dynamics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Change detection,Classification,Ecosystem dynamics,Time series analysis,time series analysis},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {3129--3152},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{A comparison of time series similarity measures for classification and change detection of ecosystem dynamics}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425711002446},
volume = {115},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Tompalski2015,
author = {Tompalski, Piotr and Coops, Nicholas C. and White, Joanne C. and Wulder, Michael A. and Pickell, Paul D.},
doi = {10.1080/07038992.2015.1068686},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tompalski et al. - 2015 - Estimating Forest Site Productivity Using Airborne Laser Scanning Data and Landsat Time Series.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0703-8992},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {232--245},
title = {{Estimating Forest Site Productivity Using Airborne Laser Scanning Data and Landsat Time Series}},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07038992.2015.1068686},
volume = {41},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Buckland2017,
abstract = {In 2002, nearly 200 nations signed up to the 2010 target of the Conven- tion for Biological Diversity, ‘to significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010'. To assess whether the targetwas met, it became necessary to quantify temporal trends in measures of diversity. This resulted in a marked shift in focus for biodiver- sity measurement. We explore the developments in measuring biodiversity that was prompted by the 2010 target.We consider measures based on species proportions, and also explain why a geometric mean of relative abundance estimates was preferred to such measures for assessing progress towards the target.We look at the use of diver- sity profiles, and consider how species similarity can be incorporated into diversity measures.We also discuss measures of turnover that can be used to quantify shifts in community composition arising, for example, from climate change.},
author = {Buckland, S. T. and Yuan, Y. and Marcon, E.},
doi = {10.1007/s10182-017-0308-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Buckland, Yuan, Marcon - 2017 - Measuring temporal trends in biodiversity.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1863-8171},
journal = {AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis},
keywords = {Biodiversity measures,Diversity profiles,Geometric mean,Species similarity,Turnover measures},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {461--474},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
title = {{Measuring temporal trends in biodiversity}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10182-017-0308-1},
volume = {101},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Harding1998,
abstract = {The influence of past land use on the present-day diversity of stream invertebrates and fish was investigated by comparing watersheds with different land-use history. Whole watershed land use in the 1950s was the best predictor of present-day diversity, whereas riparian land use and watershed land use in the 1990s were comparatively poor indicators. Our findings indicate that past land-use activity, particularly agriculture, may result in long-term modifications to and reductions in aquatic diversity, regardless of reforestation of riparian zones. Preservation of habitat fragments may not be sufficient to maintain natural diversity in streams, and maintenance of such biodiversity may require conservation of much or all of the watershed.},
author = {Harding, J S and Benfield, E F and Bolstad, P V and Helfman, G S and Jones, E. B. D.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.95.25.14843},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harding et al. - 1998 - Stream biodiversity The ghost of land use past.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2819981208},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
month = {dec},
number = {25},
pages = {14843--14847},
pmid = {9843977},
title = {{Stream biodiversity: The ghost of land use past}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.95.25.14843},
volume = {95},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Westphal2008,
abstract = {Bee pollinators are currently recorded with many different sampling methods. However, the relative performances of these methods have not been systematically evaluated and compared. In response to the strong need to record ongoing shifts in pollinator diversity and abundance, global and regional pollinator initiatives must adopt standardized sampling protocols when developing large-scale and long-term monitoring schemes. We systematically evaluated the performance of six sampling methods (observation plots, pan traps, standardized and variable transect walks, trap nests with reed internodes or paper tubes) that are commonly used across a wide range of geographical regions in Europe and in two habitat types (agricultural and seminatural). We focused on bees since they represent the most important pollinator group worldwide. Several characteristics of the methods were considered in order to evaluate their performance in assessing bee diversity: sample coverage, observed species richness, species richness estimators, collector biases (identified by subunit-based rarefaction curves), species composition of the samples, and the indication of overall bee species richness (estimated from combined total samples). The most efficient method in all geographical regions, in both the agricultural and seminatural habitats, was the pan trap method. It had the highest sample coverage, collected the highest number of species, showed negligible collector bias, detected similar species as the transect methods, and was the best indicator of overall bee species richness. The transect methods were also relatively efficient, but they had a significant collector bias. The observation plots showed poor performance. As trap nests are restricted to cavity-nesting bee species, they had a naturally low sample coverage. However, both trap nest types detected additional species that were not recorded by any of the other methods. For large-scale and long-term monitoring schemes with surveyors with different experience levels, we recommend pan traps as the most efficient, unbiased, and cost-effective method for sampling bee diversity. Trap nests with reed internodes could be used as a complementary sampling method to maximize the numbers of collected species. Transect walks are the principal method for detailed studies focusing on plant–pollinator associations. Moreover, they can be used in monitoring schemes after training the surveyors to standardize their collection skills.},
author = {Westphal, Catrin and Bommarco, Riccardo and Carr{\'{e}}, Gabriel and Lamborn, Ellen and Morison, Nicolas and Petanidou, Theodora and Potts, Simon G. and Roberts, Stuart P. M. and Szentgy{\"{o}}rgyi, Hajnalka and Tscheulin, Thomas and Vaissi{\`{e}}re, Bernard E. and Woyciechowski, Michal and Biesmeuer, Jacobus C. and Kunin, William E. and Settele, Josef and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Biesmeijer, Jacobus C. and Kunin, William E. and Settele, Josef and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf},
doi = {10.1890/07-1292.1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Westphal et al. - 2008 - MEASURING BEE DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT EUROPEAN HABITATS AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0012-9615},
issn = {0012-9615},
journal = {Ecological Monographs},
keywords = {Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (ACE),Abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE),Agricultural and seminatural habitats,Apiformes,Bee,Hymenoptera,Indicator method,Pan traps,Pollinator initiatives,Standardized monitoring schemes,Subunit-based rarefaction curve,abundance-based coverage estimator,ace,agricultural and seminatural habitats,apiformes,hymenoptera,indicator method,pan traps,pollinator initiatives,standardized monitoring schemes,subunit-based rarefaction curve,transect walks,trap nests,unbalanced data},
mendeley-tags = {Bee},
month = {nov},
number = {4},
pages = {653--671},
title = {{MEASURING BEE DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT EUROPEAN HABITATS AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/07-1292.1 http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/07-1292.1},
volume = {78},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Tucker2016,
author = {Tucker, Caroline M. and Cadotte, Marc W. and Carvalho, Silvia B. and Davies, T. Jonathan and Ferrier, Simon and Fritz, Susanne a. and Grenyer, Rich and Helmus, Matthew R. and Jin, Lanna S. and Mooers, Arne O. and Pavoine, Sandrine and Purschke, Oliver and Redding, David W. and Rosauer, Dan F. and Winter, Marten and Mazel, Florent},
doi = {10.1111/brv.12252},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tucker et al. - 2016 - A guide to phylogenetic metrics for conservation, community ecology and macroecology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14647931},
journal = {Biological Reviews},
month = {jan},
pages = {n/a--n/a},
title = {{A guide to phylogenetic metrics for conservation, community ecology and macroecology}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/brv.12252},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Lafage2014,
abstract = {*Remotely sensed data are frequently employed for monitoring vegetation and for estimating herbivore diversity. Their use for predicting predator arthropod species abundance and richness has also been investigated with success for ants and beetles in forests using normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and for beetles in mountain forests using light detection and ranging data. *We investigated whether vegetation indices, derived from multispectral SPOT imagery could predict abundance and species richness of ground active spiders and ground beetles in a new ecological context, the floodplain meadows of the Loire River in Western Europe. Using pitfall traps, we collected carabids and spiders in the field. *Maximum vegetation height, litter-depth and plant species richness best explained species assemblages of both groups (multivariate analyses). NDVI and enhanced vegetation index (EVI 2) were strongly related to activity-density and species richness for ground beetles only, EVI 2 being the best surrogate. Relationships between vegetation indices and spider assemblage patterns were either non-significant or weak. *We demonstrated that EVI 2 is a good surrogate of the abundance and richness of carabid species in a temperate floodplain, and has potential as a low cost method for mapping arthropod assemblages at large spatial scales. *Our approach provides a tool which contributes to biodiversity assessment at large spatial scales. It can also contribute to the prioritisation of conservation areas and early change detection, as carabids are keystone indicators.},
author = {Lafage, Denis and Secondi, Jean and Georges, Anita and Bouzill{\'{e}}, Jan-Bernard and P{\'{e}}tillon, Julien},
doi = {10.1111/icad.12056},
editor = {Stewart, Alan and Ewers, Robert},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lafage et al. - 2014 - Satellite-derived vegetation indices as surrogate of species richness and abundance of ground beetles in temperat.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1752-458X},
issn = {1752458X},
journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
keywords = {Arthropod,Floodplain,Loire River,Meadow,Remote sensing,Surrogate taxa},
month = {jul},
number = {4},
pages = {327--333},
title = {{Satellite-derived vegetation indices as surrogate of species richness and abundance of ground beetles in temperate floodplains}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/icad.12056},
volume = {7},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Thomson2011,
author = {Thomson, Fiona J. and Moles, Angela T. and Auld, Tony D. and Kingsford, Richard T.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01867.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thomson et al. - 2011 - Seed dispersal distance is more strongly correlated with plant height than with seed mass.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00220477},
journal = {Journal of Ecology},
month = {nov},
number = {6},
pages = {1299--1307},
title = {{Seed dispersal distance is more strongly correlated with plant height than with seed mass}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01867.x},
volume = {99},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Chase2003,
abstract = {Community assembly provides a conceptual foundation for understanding the processes that determine which and how many species live in a particular locality. Evidence suggests that community assembly often leads to a single stable equilibrium, such that the conditions of the environment and interspecific interactions determine which species will exist there. In such cases, regions of local communities with similar environmental conditions should have similar community composition. Other evidence suggests that community assembly can lead to multiple stable equilibria. Thus, the resulting community depends on the assembly history, even when all species have access to the community. In these cases, a region of local communities with similar environmental conditions can be very dissimilar in their community composition. Both regional and local factors should determine the patterns by which communities assemble, and the resultant degree of similarity or dissimilarity among localities with similar environments. A single equilibrium in more likely to be realized in systems with small regional species pools, high rates of connectance, low productivity and high disturbance. Multiple stable equilibria are more likely in systems with large regional species pools, low rates of connectance, high productivity and low disturbance. I illustrate preliminary evidence for these predictions from an observational study of small pond communities, and show important effects on community similarity, as well as on local and regional species richness.},
author = {Chase, Jonathan M.},
doi = {10.1007/s00442-003-1311-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chase - 2003 - Community assembly when should history matter.pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chase - 2003 - Community assembly when should history matter(2).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0029-8549},
issn = {0029-8549},
journal = {Oecologia},
keywords = {Beta-diversity,Composition,Multiple stable equilibria,Ponds,Regional and local richness},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {489--498},
pmid = {12836009},
title = {{Community assembly: when should history matter?}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4223703.pdf http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00442-003-1311-7},
volume = {136},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Fischer2007,
abstract = {Empirical estimates of the function and resilience of communities under different management regimes can provide valuable information for sustainable natural resource management, but such estimates are scarce to date. We quantified the functional richness and relative resilience of bird communities inhabiting five regions in southeastern Australia that represented different management regimes. First, we show that functional richness and relative resilience were reduced at species-poor sites in all regions. Second, we show that bird communities in agricultural regions had fewer body mass groups and fewer functional groups than expected by chance. This suggests that both the function and the resilience of bird communities in agricultural regions were reduced. The likely mechanisms for the observed loss of function and relative resilience are: (1) the simplification of landscape texture resulting in selective extinction of certain body mass groups; and (2) the selective extinction of certain functional groups that are particularly sensitive to intensive land use. {\textcopyright} 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.},
author = {Fischer, J. and Lindenmayer, D. B. and Blomberg, S. P. and Montague-Drake, R. and Felton, A. and Stein, J. A.},
doi = {10.1007/s10021-007-9071-6},
isbn = {1432-9840},
issn = {14329840},
journal = {Ecosystems},
keywords = {Cross-scale redundancy,Functional diversity,Functional groups,Intensive agriculture,Land use intensification,Landscape texture,Redundancy,Resilience},
pages = {964--974},
title = {{Functional richness and relative resilience of bird communities in regions with different land use intensities}},
volume = {10},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Bluthgen2012,
abstract = {Land use is increasingly recognized as a major driver of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in many current research projects. In grasslands, land use is often classified by categorical descriptors such as pastures versus meadows or fertilized versus unfertilized sites. However, to account for the quantitative variation of multiple land-use types in heterogeneous landscapes, a quantitative, continuous index of land-use intensity (LUI) is desirable. Here we define such a compound, additive LUI index for managed grasslands including meadows and pastures. The LUI index summarizes the standardized intensity of three components of land use, namely fertilization, mowing, and livestock grazing at each site. We examined the performance of the LUI index to predict selected response variables on up to 150 grassland sites in the Biodiversity Exploratories in three regions in Germany (Alb, Hainich, Schorfheide). We tested the average Ellenberg nitrogen indicator values of the plant community, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the aboveground plant biomass, plant-available phosphorus concentration in the top soil, and soil C/N ratio, and the first principle component of these five response variables.The LUI index significantly predicted the principal component of all five response variables, as well as some of the individual responses. Moreover, vascular plant diversity decreased significantly with LUI in two regions (Alb and Hainich).Inter-annual changes in management practice were pronounced from 2006 to 2008, particularly due to variation in grazing intensity. This rendered the selection of the appropriate reference year(s) an important decision for analyses of land-use effects, whereas details in the standardization of the index were of minor importance. We also tested several alternative calculations of a LUI index, but all are strongly linearly correlated to the proposed index.The proposed LUI index reduces the complexity of agricultural practices to a single dimension and may serve as a baseline to test how different groups of organisms and processes respond to land use. In combination with more detailed analyses, this index may help to unravel whether and how land-use intensities, associated disturbance levels or other local or regional influences drive ecological processes. {\textcopyright} 2012 Gesellschaft f{\"{u}}r {\"{o}}kologie.},
author = {Bl{\"{u}}thgen, Nico and Dormann, Carsten F. and Prati, Daniel and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and H{\"{o}}lzel, Norbert and Alt, Fabian and Boch, Steffen and Gockel, Sonja and Hemp, Andreas and M{\"{u}}ller, J{\"{o}}rg and Nieschulze, Jens and Renner, Swen C. and Sch{\"{o}}ning, Ingo and Schumacher, Uta and Socher, Stephanie a. and Wells, Konstans and Birkhofer, Klaus and Buscot, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Oelmann, Yvonne and Rothenw{\"{o}}hrer, Christoph and Scherber, Christoph and Tscharntke, Teja and Weiner, Christiane N. and Fischer, Markus and Kalko, Elisabeth K.V. and Linsenmair, Karl Eduard and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Weisser, Wolfgang W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2012.04.001},
isbn = {1439-1791},
issn = {14391791},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Agro-ecosystems,Biodiversity exploratories,Grassland management,Land-use impacts,Livestock density,Meadows,Nitrogen,Pastures},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {207--220},
title = {{A quantitative index of land-use intensity in grasslands: Integrating mowing, grazing and fertilization}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1439179112000424},
volume = {13},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Kennedy2010,
abstract = {We introduce and test LandTrendr (Landsat-based detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery), a new approach to extract spectral trajectories of land surface change from yearly Landsat time-series stacks (LTS). The method brings together two themes in time-series analysis of LTS: capture of short-duration events and smoothing of long-term trends. Our strategy is founded on the recognition that change is not simply a contrast between conditions at two points in time, but rather a continual process operating at both fast and slow rates on landscapes. This concept requires both new algorithms to extract change and new interpretation tools to validate those algorithms. The challenge is to resolve salient features of the time series while eliminating noise introduced by ephemeral changes in illumination, phenology, atmospheric condition, and geometric registration. In the LandTrendr approach, we use relative radiometric normalization and simple cloud screening rules to create on-the-fly mosaics of multiple images per year, and extract temporal trajectories of spectral data on a pixel-by-pixel basis. We then apply temporal segmentation strategies with both regression-based and point-to-point fitting of spectral indices as a function of time, allowing capture of both slowly-evolving processes, such as regrowth, and abrupt events, such as forest harvest. Because any temporal trajectory pattern is allowable, we use control parameters and threshold-based filtering to reduce the role of false positive detections. No suitable reference data are available to assess the role of these control parameters or to test overall algorithm performance. Therefore, we also developed a companion interpretation approach founded on the same conceptual framework of capturing both long and short-duration processes, and developed a software tool to apply this concept to expert interpretation and segmentation of spectral trajectories (TimeSync, described in a companion paper by Cohen et al., 2010). These data were used as a truth set against which to evaluate the behavior of the LandTrendr algorithms applied to three spectral indices. We applied the LandTrendr algorithms to several hundred points across western Oregon and Washington (U.S.A.). Because of the diversity of potential outputs from the LTS data, we evaluated algorithm performance against summary metrics for disturbance, recovery, and stability, both for capture of events and longer-duration processes. Despite the apparent complexity of parameters, our results suggest a simple grouping of parameters along a single axis that balances the detection of abrupt events with capture of long-duration trends. Overall algorithm performance was good, capturing a wide range of disturbance and recovery phenomena, even when evaluated against a truth set that contained new targets (recovery and stability) with much subtler thresholds of change than available from prior validation datasets. Temporal segmentation of the archive appears to be a feasible and robust means of increasing information extraction from the Landsat archive. ?? 2010 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Kennedy, Robert E. and Yang, Zhiqiang and Cohen, Warren B.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kennedy, Yang, Cohen - 2010 - Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series 1. LandTrendr — Tempo.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Change detection,Forest disturbance,Forest growth,Land cover dynamics,Landsat,Temporal segmentation,Time series},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {2897--2910},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr — Temporal segmentation algorithms}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.07.008 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425710002245},
volume = {114},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Thom2016,
abstract = {In many parts of the world forest disturbance regimes have intensified recently, and future climatic changes are expected to amplify this development further in the coming decades. These changes are increasingly challenging the main objectives of forest ecosystem management, which are to provide ecosystem services sustainably to society and maintain the biological diversity of forests. Yet a comprehensive understanding of how disturbances affect these primary goals of ecosystem management is still lacking. We conducted a global literature review on the impact of three of the most important disturbance agents (fire, wind, and bark beetles) on 13 different ecosystem services and three indicators of biodiversity in forests of the boreal, cool-and warm-temperate biomes. Our objectives were to (i) synthesize the effect of natural disturbances on a wide range of possible objectives of forest management, and (ii) investigate standardized effect sizes of disturbance for selected indicators via a quantitative meta-analysis. We screened a total of 1958 disturbance studies published between 1981 and 2013, and reviewed 478 in detail. We first investigated the overall effect of disturbances on individual ecosystem services and indicators of biodiversity by means of independence tests, and subsequently examined the effect size of disturbances on indicators of carbon storage and biodiversity by means of regression analysis. Additionally, we investigated the effect of commonly used approaches of disturbance management, i.e. salvage logging and prescribed burning. We found that disturbance impacts on ecosystem services are generally negative, an effect that was supported for all categories of ecosystem services, i.e. supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services (P {\textless} 0.001). Indicators of biodiversity, i.e. species richness, habitat quality and diversity indices, on the other hand were found to be influenced positively by disturbance (P {\textless} 0.001). Our analyses thus reveal a 'disturbance paradox', documenting that disturbances can put ecosystem services at risk while simultaneously facilitating biodiversity. A detailed investigation of disturbance effect sizes on carbon storage and biodiversity further underlined these divergent effects of disturbance. While a disturbance event on average causes a decrease in total ecosystem carbon by 38.5{\%} (standardized coefficient for stand-replacing disturbance), it on average increases overall species richness by 35.6{\%}. Disturbance-management approaches such as salvage logging and prescribed burning were neither found significantly to mitigate negative effects on ecosystem services nor to enhance positive effects on biodiversity, and thus were not found to alleviate the disturbance paradox. Considering that climate change is expected to intensify natural disturbance regimes, our results indicate that biodiversity will generally benefit from such changes while a sustainable provisioning of ecosystem services might come increasingly under pressure. This underlines that disturbance risk and resilience require increased attention in ecosystem management in the future, and that new approaches to addressing the disturbance paradox in management are needed.},
author = {Thom, Dominik and Seidl, Rupert},
doi = {10.1111/brv.12193},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thom, Seidl - 2016 - Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1464-7931},
issn = {14647931},
journal = {Biological Reviews},
keywords = {bark beetles,biodiversity,disturbance effect,disturbance paradox,ecosystem services,fire,forest management,prescribed burning,salvage logging,wind},
month = {aug},
number = {3},
pages = {760--781},
pmid = {26010526},
title = {{Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/brv.12193},
volume = {91},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Wegmann2014,
abstract = {The African protected area (PA) network has the potential to act as a set of functionally interconnected patches that conserve meta-populations of mammal species, but individual PAs are vulnerable to habitat change which may disrupt connectivity and increase extinction risk. Individual PAs have different roles in maintaining connectivity, depending on their size and location. We measured their contribution to network connectivity (irreplaceability) for carnivores and ungulates and combined it with a measure of vulnerability based on a 30-year trend in remotely sensed vegetation cover (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Highly irreplaceable PAs occurred mainly in southern and eastern Africa. Vegetation cover change was generally faster outside than inside PAs and particularly so in southern Africa. The extent of change increased with the distance from PAs. About 5{\%} of highly irreplaceable PAs experienced a faster vegetation cover loss than their surroundings, thus requiring particular conservation attention. Our analysis identified PAs at risk whose isolation would disrupt the connectivity of the PA network for large mammals. This is an example of how ecological spatial modelling can be combined with large-scale remote sensing data to investigate how land cover change may affect ecological processes and species conservation.},
author = {Wegmann, Martin and Santini, Luca and Leutner, Benjamin and Safi, Kamran and Rocchini, Duccio and Bevanda, Mirjana and Latifi, Hooman and Dech, Stefan and Rondinini, Carlo},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2013.0193},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wegmann et al. - 2014 - Role of African protected areas in maintaining connectivity for large mammals.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {09628436 (ISSN)},
issn = {0962-8436},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {ecology,environmental science},
month = {apr},
number = {1643},
pages = {20130193--20130193},
pmid = {24733948},
title = {{Role of African protected areas in maintaining connectivity for large mammals}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24733948 http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rstb.2013.0193},
volume = {369},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Tropek2014a,
abstract = {Hansen et al. (Reports, 15 November 2013, p. 850) published a high-resolution global forest map with detailed information on local forest loss and gain. We show that their product does not distinguish tropical forests from plantations and even herbaceous crops, which leads to a substantial underestimate of forest loss and compromises its value for local policy decisions.},
annote = {From Duplicate 2 (

Comment on "High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change".

- Tropek, Robert; Sedl{\'{a}}{\v{c}}ek, Ondřej; Beck, Jan; Keil, Petr; Musilov{\'{a}}, Zuzana; S{\'{i}}mov{\'{a}}, Irena; Storch, David )

},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1011.1669v3},
author = {Tropek, Robert and Sedl{\'{a}}{\v{c}}ek, Ondřej and Beck, Jan and Keil, Petr and Musilov{\'{a}}, Zuzana and S{\'{i}}mov{\'{a}}, Irena and Storch, David},
eprint = {1011.1669v3},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2014/Tropek et al.{\_}2014{\_}Comment on High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1853467960},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Conservation of Natural Resources,Geographic Mapping,Maps as Topic,Trees},
month = {may},
number = {6187},
pages = {981},
pmid = {24876487},
title = {{Comment on "High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change".}},
volume = {344},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Keil2013,
abstract = {* Reliable methods to downscale species distributions from coarse to fine grain (equivalent to resolution or support) hold great potential benefit for ecology and conservation. Existing methods have been based on partially unrealistic assumptions and yield mixed results. * Here, we introduce a novel and simple approach for downscaling species distribution models based on a hierarchical Bayesian modelling (HBM) framework. Our approach treats putative (unknown) fine-grain presences/absences as latent variables, which are modelled as a function of observed fine-grain environmental variables and constrained by observed coarse-grain presences/absences using logistic regression. The aim is to produce downscaled fine-grain probabilities of species occurrence that (1) closely resemble the probabilities produced by a logistic model parameterized with the observed fine-grain data (the ‘reference model') and (2) are improvements over conventional downscaling methods. We additionally test how fine-grain occupancy based on power-law scale-area relationships modifies the downscaling results. We test our approach on 127 bird species from the San Diego breeding atlas data surveyed at 5 km grain. * The HBM approach provides unbiased fine-grain probabilities of occurrence whilst the conventional methods (direct approach, point sampling) consistently over-predict occurrence probabilities. Incorporation of the downscaled occupancy further improves reliability of the models, but only in cases when the fine-grain occupancy is estimated accurately. * Summing predictions across grid cells and species, HBMs provide better estimates of fine-grain species richness than conventional methods. They also provide better estimates of fine-grain occupancy (prevalence). * The presented HBM-based downscaling approach offers improved predictions of fine-grain presence and absence compared with existing methods. The combination of the Bayesian approach with key macroecological relationships (specifically, the scale-area relationship) offers a promising general basis for downscaling distributions that may be extended, for example, using generalized linear or additive models. These approaches enable integrative predictions of spatial biodiversity patterns at fine grains.},
author = {Keil, Petr and Belmaker, Jonathan and Wilson, Adam M. and Unitt, Philip and Jetz, Walter},
doi = {10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00264.x},
editor = {Freckleton, Robert},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2013/Keil et al.{\_}2013{\_}Downscaling of species distribution models A hierarchical approach.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2041-210X},
issn = {2041210X},
journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
keywords = {AUC,Birds,California,Fractal,Logit,Macroecology,Method-Paper,Niche modelling,Realized niche,SDM,San Diego,Spatial scale},
mendeley-tags = {Macroecology,Method-Paper},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {82--94},
title = {{Downscaling of species distribution models: A hierarchical approach}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00264.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00264.x/full},
volume = {4},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Campbell2017,
author = {Campbell, Bruce M. and Beare, Douglas J. and Bennett, Elena M. and Hall-Spencer, Jason M. and Ingram, John S. I. and Jaramillo, Fernando and Ortiz, Rodomiro and Ramankutty, Navin and Sayer, Jeffrey A. and Shindell, Drew},
doi = {10.5751/ES-09595-220408},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Campbell et al. - 2017 - Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1708-3087},
journal = {Ecology and Society},
keywords = {aerosol loading,biogeochemical flows,biosphere integrity,change,chemical pollution,climate change,diversity,freshwater,land-system,land-system change,nitrogen,ocean acidification,ozone depletion,phosphorous},
number = {4},
pages = {art8},
title = {{Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries}},
url = {https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol22/iss4/art8/},
volume = {22},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Campo-Bescos2013,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the drivers of large-scale vegetation change is critical to managing landscapes and key to predicting how projected climate and land use changes will affect regional vegetation patterns. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the role, magnitude and spatial distribution of the key environmental factors driving vegetation change in southern African savanna, and how they vary across physiographic gradients.$\backslash$n$\backslash$nMETHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We applied Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA), a multivariate times series dimension reduction technique to ten years of monthly remote sensing data (MODIS-derived normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) and a suite of environmental covariates: precipitation, mean and maximum temperature, soil moisture, relative humidity, fire and potential evapotranspiration. Monthly NDVI was described by cyclic seasonal variation with distinct spatiotemporal patterns in different physiographic regions. Results support existing work emphasizing the importance of precipitation, soil moisture and fire on NDVI, but also reveal overlooked effects of temperature and evapotranspiration, particularly in regions with higher mean annual precipitation. Critically, spatial distributions of the weights of environmental covariates point to a transition in the importance of precipitation and soil moisture (strongest in grass-dominated regions with precipitation{\textless}750 mm) to fire, potential evapotranspiration, and temperature (strongest in tree-dominated regions with precipitation{\textgreater}950 mm).$\backslash$n$\backslash$nCONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We quantified the combined spatiotemporal effects of an available suite of environmental drivers on NDVI across a large and diverse savanna region. The analysis supports known drivers of savanna vegetation but also uncovers important roles of temperature and evapotranspiration. Results highlight the utility of applying the DFA approach to remote sensing products for regional analyses of landscape change in the context of global environmental change. With the dramatic increase in global change research, this methodology augurs well for further development and application of spatially explicit time series modeling to studies at the intersection of ecology and remote sensing.},
author = {Campo-Besc{\'{o}}s, Miguel A. and Mu{\~{n}}oz-Carpena, Rafael and Kaplan, David A. and Southworth, Jane and Zhu, Likai and Waylen, Peter R.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0072348},
editor = {Chen, Han YH.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Campo-Besc{\'{o}}s et al. - 2013 - Beyond Precipitation Physiographic Gradients Dictate the Relative Importance of Environmental Drivers on Sa.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1932-6203},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {e72348},
pmid = {24023616},
title = {{Beyond Precipitation: Physiographic Gradients Dictate the Relative Importance of Environmental Drivers on Savanna Vegetation}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072348},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Song2018,
author = {Song, Xiao-Peng and Hansen, Matthew C. and Stehman, Stephen V. and Potapov, Peter V. and Tyukavina, Alexandra and Vermote, Eric F. and Townshend, John R.},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-018-0411-9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/s41586-018-0411-9.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
month = {aug},
number = {7720},
pages = {639--643},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Global land change from 1982 to 2016}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0411-9},
volume = {560},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Tscharntke2004,
abstract = {Population and community ecology need a large-scale perspective because local patterns (of biodiversity) and processes (trophic interactions) are influenced by the regional setting. The ratio of the foraging range and/or dispersal ability to the distance between landscape elements influences local population dynamics. The spatial scale experienced by a species may be linked to its trophic level and also to traits such as body size, resource specialization, rarity, and population size variability. Hence, communities are assemblages of species with different spatial strategies. Effects of habitat loss and habitat fragmentation on plant-herbivore, herbivore-enemy, as well as plant-pollinator interactions are contingent on species and landscape. Metapopulation theory provides a unifying frame to approach plant-insect systems across fragmented landscape, although the landscape context is often ignored. In some cases theory is far ahead of empirical research. We call for more population data on large spatial and temporal scales to better understand plant-insect populations across fragmented landscapes.},
author = {Tscharntke, Teja and Brandl, Roland},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123339},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tscharntke, Brandl - 2004 - Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0066-4170},
issn = {0066-4170},
journal = {Annual review of entomology},
keywords = {Animals,Biodiversity,Biological,Ecosystem,Environment,Insects,Insects: physiology,Models,Plant Diseases,Plant Diseases: parasitology,Population Density,Population Dynamics,Review,biodiversity,dispersal ability,metapopulation,trophic interactions},
mendeley-tags = {Review},
month = {jan},
pages = {405--30},
pmid = {14651470},
title = {{Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651470},
volume = {49},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Orrock2011,
author = {Orrock, John L. and Curler, Gregory R. and Danielson, Brent J. and Coyle, David R.},
doi = {10.1007/s10980-011-9656-5},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Orrock et al.{\_}2011{\_}Large-scale experimental landscapes reveal distinctive effects of patch shape and connectivity on arthropod communiti.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0921-2973},
journal = {Landscape Ecology},
keywords = {Arthropods,Fragmentation,Landscape,arthropods,coleoptera,corridor,diversity,evenness,fragmentation,hymenoptera,orthoptera,patch shape},
mendeley-tags = {Arthropods,Fragmentation,Landscape},
month = {sep},
number = {10},
pages = {1361--1372},
title = {{Large-scale experimental landscapes reveal distinctive effects of patch shape and connectivity on arthropod communities}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10980-011-9656-5 http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-011-9656-5},
volume = {26},
year = {2011}
}
@article{dejong2011,
abstract = {Remotely sensed vegetation indices are widely used to detect greening and browning trends; especially the global coverage of time-series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data which are available from 1981. Seasonality and serial auto-correlation in the data have previously been dealt with by integrating the data to annual values; as an alternative to reducing the temporal resolution, we apply harmonic analyses and non-parametric trend tests to the GIMMS NDVI dataset (1981-2006). Using the complete dataset, greening and browning trends were analyzed using a linear model corrected for seasonality by subtracting the seasonal component, and a seasonal non-parametric model. In a third approach, phenological shift and variation in length of growing season were accounted for by analyzing the time-series using vegetation development stages rather than calendar days. Results differed substantially between the models, even though the input data were the same. Prominent regional greening trends identified by several other studies were confirmed but the models were inconsistent in areas with weak trends. The linear model using data corrected for seasonality showed similar trend slopes to those described in previous work using linear models on yearly mean values. The non-parametric models demonstrated the significant influence of variations in phenology; accounting for these variations should yield more robust trend analyses and better understanding of vegetation trends. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {de Jong, Rogier and de Bruin, Sytze and de Wit, Allard and Schaepman, Michael E. and Dent, David L.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/de Jong et al. - 2011 - Analysis of monotonic greening and browning trends from global NDVI time-series.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {GIMMS NDVI,Global vegetation trends,Harmonic analysis,Phenology,Seasonal Mann-Kendall},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {692--702},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Analysis of monotonic greening and browning trends from global NDVI time-series}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.011 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425710003160},
volume = {115},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Luyssaert2014,
author = {Luyssaert, Sebastiaan and Jammet, Mathilde and Stoy, Paul C. and Estel, Stephan and Pongratz, Julia and Ceschia, Eric and Churkina, Galina and Don, Axel and Erb, KarlHeinz and Ferlicoq, Morgan and Gielen, Bert and Gr{\"{u}}nwald, Thomas and Houghton, Richard A. and Klumpp, Katja and Knohl, Alexander and Kolb, Thomas and Kuemmerle, Tobias and Laurila, Tuomas and Lohila, Annalea and Loustau, Denis and McGrath, Matthew J. and Meyfroidt, Patrick and Moors, Eddy J. and Naudts, Kim and Novick, Kim and Otto, Juliane and Pilegaard, Kim and Pio, Casimiro A. and Rambal, Serge and Rebmann, Corinna and Ryder, James and Suyker, Andrew E. and Varlagin, Andrej and Wattenbach, Martin and Dolman, A. Johannes},
doi = {10.1038/nclimate2196},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/fulltext.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1758-678X},
journal = {Nature Climate Change},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {389--393},
title = {{Land management and land-cover change have impacts of similar magnitude on surface temperature}},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261580820{\_}Land{\_}management{\_}and{\_}land-cover{\_}change{\_}have{\_}impacts{\_}of{\_}similar{\_}magnitude{\_}on{\_}surface{\_}temperature http://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2196},
volume = {4},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Pfeifer2014,
abstract = {Habitat fragmentation studies have produced complex results that are challenging to synthesize. Inconsistencies among studies may result from variation in the choice of landscape metrics and response variables, which is often compounded by a lack of key statistical or methodological information. Collating primary datasets on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in a consistent and flexible database permits simple data retrieval for subsequent analyses. We present a relational database that links such field data to taxonomic nomenclature, spatial and temporal plot attributes, and environmental characteristics. Field assessments include measurements of the response(s) (e.g., presence, abundance, ground cover) of one or more species linked to plots in fragments within a partially forested landscape. The database currently holds 9830 unique species recorded in plots of 58 unique landscapes in six of eight realms: mammals 315, birds 1286, herptiles 460, insects 4521, spiders 204, other arthropods 85, gastropods 70, annelids 8, platyhelminthes 4, Onychophora 2, vascular plants 2112, nonvascular plants and lichens 320, and fungi 449. Three landscapes were sampled as long-term time series ({\textgreater}10 years). Seven hundred and eleven species are found in two or more landscapes. Consolidating the substantial amount of primary data available on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in the context of land-use change and natural disturbances is an essential part of understanding the effects of increasing anthropogenic pressures on land. The consistent format of this database facilitates testing of generalizations concerning biologic responses to fragmentation across diverse systems and taxa. It also allows the re-examination of existing datasets with alternative landscape metrics and robust statistical methods, for example, helping to address pseudo-replication problems. The database can thus help researchers in producing broad syntheses of the effects of land use. The database is dynamic and inclusive, and contributions from individual and large-scale data-collection efforts are welcome.},
author = {Pfeifer, Marion and Lefebvre, Veronique and Gardner, Toby a. and Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor and Baeten, Lander and Banks-Leite, Cristina and Barlow, Jos and Betts, Matthew G. and Brunet, Joerg and Cerezo, Alexis and Cisneros, Laura M. and Collard, Stuart and D'Cruze, Neil and {da Silva Motta}, Catarina and Duguay, Stephanie and Eggermont, Hilde and Eigenbrod, Felix and Hadley, Adam S. and Hanson, Thor R. and Hawes, Joseph E. and {Heartsill Scalley}, Tamara and Klingbeil, Brian T. and Kolb, Annette and Kormann, Urs and Kumar, Sunil and Lachat, Thibault and {Lakeman Fraser}, Poppy and Lantschner, Victoria and Laurance, William F. and Leal, Inara R. and Lens, Luc and Marsh, Charles J. and Medina-Rangel, Guido F. and Melles, Stephanie and Mezger, Dirk and Oldekop, Johan a. and Overal, William L. and Owen, Charlotte and Peres, Carlos a. and Phalan, Ben and Pidgeon, Anna M. and Pilia, Oriana and Possingham, Hugh P. and Possingham, Max L. and Raheem, Dinarzarde C. and Ribeiro, Danilo B. and {Ribeiro Neto}, Jose D. and {Douglas Robinson}, W. and Robinson, Richard and Rytwinski, Trina and Scherber, Christoph and Slade, Eleanor M. and Somarriba, Eduardo and Stouffer, Philip C. and Struebig, Matthew J. and Tylianakis, Jason M. and Tscharntke, Teja and Tyre, Andrew J. and {Urbina Cardona}, Jose N. and Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. and Wearn, Oliver and Wells, Konstans and Willig, Michael R. and Wood, Eric and Young, Richard P. and Bradley, Andrew V. and Ewers, Robert M.},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.1036},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pfeifer et al. - 2014 - BIOFRAG - a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {20457758},
issn = {20457758},
journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
keywords = {Bioinformatics,Data sharing,Database,Edge effects,Forest fragmentation,Global change,Landscape metrics,Matrix contrast,Species turnover},
month = {may},
number = {9},
pages = {1524--1537},
pmid = {24967073},
title = {{BIOFRAG - a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ece3.1036},
volume = {4},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Kimberley2015,
author = {Kimberley, Adam and Blackburn, G. Alan and Whyatt, J. Duncan and Smart, Simon M.},
doi = {10.1111/ecog.01607},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kimberley et al. - 2015 - How well is current plant trait composition predicted by modern and historical forest spatial configuration.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09067590},
journal = {Ecography},
month = {apr},
number = {February},
pages = {n/a--n/a},
title = {{How well is current plant trait composition predicted by modern and historical forest spatial configuration?}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ecog.01607},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Lobell2015,
author = {Lobell, David B. and Thau, David and Seifert, Christopher and Engle, Eric and Little, Bertis},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2015.04.021},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lobell et al. - 2015 - A scalable satellite-based crop yield mapper.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Agriculture,Google Earth Engine,Landsat},
month = {jul},
pages = {324--333},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{A scalable satellite-based crop yield mapper}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425715001637 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425715001637},
volume = {164},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Maus2016,
author = {Maus, Victor and Camara, Gilberto and Cartaxo, Ricardo and Sanchez, Alber and Ramos, Fernando M and de Queiroz, Gilberto R.},
doi = {10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2517118},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maus et al. - 2016 - A Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping Method for Land-Use and Land-Cover Mapping.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1939-1404},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing},
keywords = {changes,crop monitoring,land use,modis time series,time series analysis},
number = {X},
pages = {1--11},
title = {{A Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping Method for Land-Use and Land-Cover Mapping}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=7403907},
volume = {XX},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Jauni2015,
abstract = {Disturbances, such as fi re and grazing, are often claimed to facilitate plant species richness and plant invasions in particular, although empirical evidence is contradictory. We conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize the literature on how non-native plant species are aff ected by disturbances. We explored whether the observed impact of disturbance on non-native plant communities is related to its type and frequency, to habitat type, study approach (observational or experimental), and to the temporal and spatial scales of the study. To put the results in a broader context, we also conducted a set of parallel analyses on a data set involving native plant species. Th e diversity and abundance of non-native plant species were signifi cantly higher at disturbed sites than at undisturbed sites, while the diversity and abundance of native plant species did not diff er between the two types of sites. Th e eff ect of disturbance on non-native plant species depended on the measure used to evaluate the impact (species diversity or abundance) and on disturbance type, with grazing and anthropogenic disturbances leading to higher diversity and abundance of non-native plant species than other disturbance types examined. Th e impact of disturbance on non-natives was also associated with study approach, habitat type and temporal scale, but these factors covaried with disturbance type, complicating the interpretation of the results. Overall, our results indicate that disturbance has a positive impact particularly on non-native plant species (at least when they are already present in the community), and that the strength of this impact depends primarily on the disturbance type.},
author = {Jauni, Miia and Gripenberg, Sofia and Ramula, Satu},
doi = {10.1111/oik.01416},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jauni, Gripenberg, Ramula - 2015 - Non-native plant species benefit from disturbance a meta-analysis.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1600-0706},
issn = {00301299},
journal = {Oikos},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {122--129},
title = {{Non-native plant species benefit from disturbance: a meta-analysis}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/oik.01416},
volume = {124},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Fritz2009,
abstract = {Whereas previous studies have investigated correlates of extinction risk either at global or regional scales, our study explicitly models regional effects of anthropogenic threats and biological traits across the globe. Using phylogenetic comparative methods with a newly-updated supertree of 5020 extant mammals, we investigate the impact of species traits on extinction risk within each WWF ecoregion. Our analyses reveal strong geographical variation in the influence of traits on risk: notably, larger species are at higher risk only in tropical regions. We then relate these patterns to current and recent-historical human impacts across ecoregions using spatial modelling. The body-mass results apparently reflect historical declines of large species outside the tropics due to large-scale land conversion. Narrow-ranged and rare species tend to be at high risk in areas of high current human impacts. The interactions we describe between biological traits and anthropogenic threats increase understanding of the processes determining extinction risk.},
author = {Fritz, Susanne and Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R P and Purvis, Andy},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01307.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fritz, Bininda-Emonds, Purvis - 2009 - Geographical variation in predictors of mammalian extinction risk big is bad, but only in the tro.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-0248},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Anthropogenic impact,Body mass,Conservation,Geographical range size,Life history,Phylogenetic generalized linear model,Population density,Spatial autoregressive model,Supertree},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {538--549},
pmid = {19392714},
title = {{Geographical variation in predictors of mammalian extinction risk: big is bad, but only in the tropics}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01307.x},
volume = {12},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Watson2012,
abstract = {Fire is both a widespread natural disturbance that affects the distribution of species and a tool that can be used to manage habitats for species. Knowledge of temporal changes in the occurrence of species after fire is essential for conservation management in fire-prone environments. Two key issues are: whether postfire responses of species are idiosyncratic or if multiple species show a limited number of similar responses; and whether such responses to time since fire can predict the occurrence of species across broad spatial scales. We examined the response of bird species to time since fire in semiarid shrubland in southeastern Australia using data from surveys at 499 sites representing a 100-year chronosequence. We used nonlinear regression to model the probability of occurrence of 30 species with time since fire in two vegetation types, and compared species' responses with generalized response shapes from the literature. The occurrence of 16 species was significantly influenced by time since fire: they displayed six main responses consistent with generalized response shapes. Of these 16 species, 15 occurred more frequently in mid- or later-successional vegetation ({\textgreater} 20 years since fire), and only one species occurred more often in early succession ({\textless} 5 years since fire). The models had reasonable predictive ability for eight species, some predictive ability for seven species, and were little better than random for one species. Bird species displayed a limited range of responses to time since fire; thus a small set of fire ages should allow the provision of habitat for most species. Postfire successional changes extend for decades and management of the age class distribution of vegetation will need to reflect this timescale. Response curves revealed important seral stages for species and highlighted the importance of mid- to late-successional vegetation ({\textgreater} 20 years). Although time since fire clearly influences the distribution of numerous bird species, predictive models of the spatial distribution of species in fire-prone landscapes need to incorporate other factors in addition to time since fire.},
author = {Watson, Simon J. and Taylor, Rick S. and Nimmo, Dale G. and Kelly, Luke T. and Haslem, Angie and Clarke, Michael F. and Bennett, Andrew F.},
doi = {10.1890/11-0850.1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Watson et al. - 2012 - Effects of time since fire on birds How informative are generalized fire response curves for conservation managem.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1051-0761},
issn = {1051-0761},
journal = {Ecological Applications},
keywords = {Birds,Chronosequence,Conservation,Disturbance,Fire,Mallee,Semiarid shrubland,Southeastern Australia,Succession,Time since fire},
month = {mar},
number = {2},
pages = {685--696},
pmid = {22611864},
title = {{Effects of time since fire on birds: How informative are generalized fire response curves for conservation management?}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/11-0850.1},
volume = {22},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Blackburn2004,
author = {Blackburn, Timothy M. and Cassey, Phillip and Duncan, Richard P. and Evans, Karl L. and Gaston, Kevin J.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1101617},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/1955.full.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {sep},
number = {5692},
pages = {1955--1958},
title = {{Avian Extinction and Mammalian Introductions on Oceanic Islands}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1101617},
volume = {305},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Gardner2009,
abstract = {The future of tropical forest biodiversity depends more than ever on the effective management of human-modified landscapes, presenting a daunting challenge to conservation practitioners and land use managers. We provide a critical synthesis of the scientific insights that guide our understanding of patterns and processes underpinning forest biodiversity in the human-modified tropics, and present a conceptual framework that integrates a broad range of social and ecological factors that define and contextualize the possible future of tropical forest species. A growing body of research demonstrates that spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity are the dynamic product of interacting historical and contemporary human and ecological processes. These processes vary radically in their relative importance within and among regions, and have effects that may take years to become fully manifest. Interpreting biodiversity research findings is frequently made difficult by constrained study designs, low congruence in species responses to disturbance, shifting baselines and an over- dependence on comparative inferences from a small number of well studied localities. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the potential prospects for biodiversity conservation can be explained by regional differences in biotic vulnerability and anthropogenic legacies, an ever-tighter coupling of human-ecological systems and the influence of global environmental change. These differences provide both challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Building upon our synthesis we outline a simple adaptive-landscape planning framework that can help guide a new research agenda to enhance biodiversity conservation prospects in the human-modified tropics.},
author = {Gardner, Toby and Barlow, Jos and Chazdon, Robin and Ewers, Robert M. and Harvey, Celia a. and Peres, Carlos a. and Sodhi, Navjot S.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01294.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2009/Gardner et al.{\_}2009{\_}Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in a human-modified world.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Biodiversity,Deforestation,Review,SAVE,agriculture,biodiversity,conservation,disturbance,ecology letters,forestry,landscapes,modified lands,species losses,species persistence,tropical forests},
mendeley-tags = {Biodiversity,Deforestation,Review,SAVE},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {561--582},
title = {{Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in a human-modified world}},
volume = {12},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Sexton2015,
author = {Sexton, Joseph O. and Noojipady, Praveen and Song, Xiao-Peng and Feng, Min and Song, Dan-Xia and Kim, Do-Hyung and Anand, Anupam and Huang, Chengquan and Channan, Saurabh and Pimm, Stuart L. and Townshend, John R.},
doi = {10.1038/nclimate2816},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sexton et al. - 2015 - Conservation policy and the measurement of forests.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1758-678X},
journal = {Nature Climate Change},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {192--196},
title = {{Conservation policy and the measurement of forests}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nclimate2816 http://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2816},
volume = {6},
year = {2016}
}
@misc{NatureServe2012,
address = {Cambridge and Arlington},
author = {{Birdlife International}},
publisher = {BirdLife International, Cambridge},
title = {{Bird species distribution maps of the world}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Omernik1987,
abstract = {A map of ecoregions of the conterminous United States has been compiled to assist managers of aquatic and terrestrial resources in understanding the regional patterns of the realistically attainable quality of these resources. The ecoregions are based on perceived patterns of a combination of causal and integrative factors including land use, land surface form, potential natural vegetation, and soils. A synoptic approach similar to that used to define these ecoregions is also useful for applications of the map. Initial efforts to use the framework are at the state level of resource management; they center on aquatic ecosystems - mainly attainable ranges in chemical quality, biotic assemblages, and lake trophic state.},
author = {Omernik, James M.},

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib