text:
@article{citeulike:7288767,
    abstract = {Individuals with severe physical disabilities and minimal motor behaviour may be unable to use conventional mechanical switches for access. These persons may benefit from access technologies that harness the volitional activity of muscles. In this study, we describe the design and demonstrate the performance of a binary switch controlled by mechanomyogram (MMG) signals recorded from the frontalis muscle during eyebrow movements. Muscle contractions, detected in real-time with a continuous wavelet transform algorithm, were used to control a binary switch for computer access. The automatic selection of scale-specific thresholds reduced the effect of artefact, such as eye blinks and head movement, on the performance of the switch. Switch performance was estimated by cued response-tests performed by eleven participants (one with severe physical disabilities). The average sensitivity and specificity of the switch was 99.7 +/- 0.4\% and 99.9 +/- 0.1\%, respectively. The algorithm performance was robust against typical participant movement. The results suggest that the frontalis muscle is a suitable site for controlling the MMG-driven switch. The high accuracies combined with the minimal requisite effort and training show that MMG is a promising binary control signal. Further investigation of the potential benefits of MMG-control for the target population is warranted.},
    author = {Alves, Natasha and Chau, Tom},
    citeulike-article-id = {7288767},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-7-22},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890628/},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20492680},
    citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=20492680},
    date-added = {2016-02-19 10:40:49},
    day = {21},
    doi = {10.1186/1743-0003-7-22},
    issn = {1743-0003},
    journal = {Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation},
    keywords = {access, muscle, omg, switch},
    month = may,
    pages = {22+},
    pmcid = {PMC2890628},
    pmid = {20492680},
    priority = {2},
    title = {The design and testing of a novel mechanomyogram-driven switch controlled by small eyebrow movements.},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-7-22},
    volume = {7},
    year = {2010}
}

@article{citeulike:13934435,
    abstract = {This project used two datasets to compare the spoken and written vocabularies of typically developing 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old New Zealand children. Similarities and differences between spoken and written words and multiword sequences were identi ed, and word lists were generated that can be used to assist augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) professionals as they engage in selecting vocabulary to support both face-to-face and written communication of children with complex communication needs.},
    author = {Clendon, Sally and Westerveld, Marleen},
    citeulike-article-id = {13934435},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {clendon_12_comparing_1054348.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13934435/1054348/clendon_12_comparing_1054348.pdf; c917a05a5cd046eb0fdebff33ed10858cf89d7f0},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/publications/international-journal-of-speech-language-pathology},
    date-added = {2016-02-17 12:46:06},
    file = {clendon_12_comparing_1054348.pdf},
    journal = {Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology},
    keywords = {aac, children, comparison, spoken, vocabulary, written},
    number = {2},
    pages = {69--71},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Comparing spoken and written vocabulary use in typically developing children: Informing vocabulary selection for children with complex communication needs},
    url = {http://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/publications/international-journal-of-speech-language-pathology},
    volume = {14},
    year = {2012}
}

@article{citeulike:13933614,
    abstract = {ABSTRACTPurpose: This study further delineates the merits and limitations of the Access Technology Delivery Protocol (ATDP) through its application to two children with severe disabilities. Method: We conducted mixed methods case studies to demonstrate the ATDP with two children with no reliable means of access to an external device. Evaluations of response efficiency, satisfaction, goal attainment, technology use and participation were made after 8 and 16 weeks of training with custom access technologies. Results: After 16 weeks, one child's switch offered improved response efficiency, high teacher satisfaction and increased participation. The other child's switch resulted in improved satisfaction and switch effectiveness but lower overall efficiency. The latter child was no longer using his switch by the end of the study. Conclusions: These contrasting findings indicate that changes to any contextual factors that may impact the user's switch performance should mandate a reassessment of the access pathway. Secondly, it is important to ensure that individuals who will be responsible for switch training be identified at the outset and engaged throughout the ATDP. Finally, the ATDP should continue to be tested with individuals with severe disabilities to build an evidence base for the delivery of response efficient access solutions.Implications for RehabilitationA data-driven, comprehensive access technology delivery protocol for children with complex communication needs could help to mitigate technology abandonment.Successful adoption of an access technology requires personalized design, training of the technology user, the teaching staff, the caregivers and other communication partners, and integration with functional activities.},
    author = {Mumford, Leslie and Chau, Tom},
    citeulike-article-id = {13933614},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {mumford2015.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13933614/1054161/mumford2015.pdf; 41ff4699d5ed5d3fe1a24201a616d214eb53681b},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2015.1063017},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/17483107.2015.1063017},
    date-added = {2016-02-16 10:13:56},
    day = {17},
    doi = {10.3109/17483107.2015.1063017},
    file = {mumford2015.pdf},
    journal = {Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology},
    keywords = {aac, access, assessment, cerebral-palsy, children, model, otaccess},
    month = feb,
    number = {2},
    pages = {166--175},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
    title = {Application of an access technology delivery protocol to two children with cerebral palsy},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2015.1063017},
    volume = {11},
    year = {2016}
}

@article{citeulike:13933610,
    abstract = {AbstractObjective: This study applied response efficiency theory to create the Access Technology Delivery Protocol (ATDP), a child and family-centred collaborative approach to the implementation of access technologies.Methods: We conducted a descriptive, mixed methods case study to demonstrate the ATDP method with a 12-year-old boy with no reliable means of access to an external device. Evaluations of response efficiency, satisfaction, goal attainment, technology use and participation were made after 8 and 16 weeks of training with a custom smile-based access technology.Results: At the 16 week mark, the new access technology offered better response quality; teacher satisfaction was high; average technology usage was 3--4 times per week for up to 1 h each time; switch sensitivity and specificity reached 78\% and 64\%, respectively, and participation scores increased by 38\%.Conclusion: This case supports further development and testing of the ATDP with additional children with multiple or severe disabilities.},
    author = {Mumford, Leslie and Lam, Rachel and Wright, Virginia and Chau, Tom},
    citeulike-article-id = {13933610},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {mumford2013.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13933610/1054160/mumford2013.pdf; fccb8aca17c080d8505ead7694744255b220760a},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2013.776125},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/17518423.2013.776125},
    date-added = {2016-02-16 10:12:03},
    day = {1},
    doi = {10.3109/17518423.2013.776125},
    file = {mumford2013.pdf},
    journal = {Developmental Neurorehabilitation},
    keywords = {access, assessment, atdp, mac, model, otaccess},
    month = aug,
    number = {4},
    pages = {232--242},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
    title = {An access technology delivery protocol for children with severe and multiple disabilities: A case demonstration},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2013.776125},
    volume = {17},
    year = {2014}
}

@article{doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021),
    abstract = {Background: The impact of augmentative and alternative communication (ACC) on individuals with developmental disabilities has been controversial (i.e., whether ACC inhibits or benefits speech production). Although a previous review of ACC effectiveness exists, it is limited by the lack of selection criteria for the included studies. A systemic review of the current research is also needed to inform the impact of the ACC interventions.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of ACC interventions on speech development in people with developmental disabilities.

Search strategy: The authors searched PsycINFO, ERIC, and MEDLINE, conducted hand searches of journals, and reviewed the reference lists of 46 articles. Keywords used for the electronic searches included non-speaking, non-vocal, augmentative communication, speech production, and speech development.

Selection criteria: Studies that included the following were included in the review: (a) implementation of AAC for people with developmental disabilities who had significant speech impairments as well as the progress in the use of ACC, (b) speech production before and after the ACC intervention, and (c) publication year between 1975 and 2003.

Data collection and analysis: The authors reviewed and coded the studies that met the criteria according to key elements (e.g., study goals, design, participants, dependent variables, etc.). In addition, the authors assessed the methodological quality of each study.

Main results: A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed the increase of speech; however, 17 of the 23 studies failed to establish experimental control. In addition, Some of the studies relied on intervention strategies that would not be considered current best practices. Five of six studies with the most rigorous experimental design investigated the effects of unaided AAC interventions and showed the positive impact of the ACC interventions on speech production.

Conclusions: The results of this review provide preliminary evidence of the benefits of ACC interventions. More research is needed to better determine the relationship between AAC interventions and speech production.},
    author = {Millar, Diane C. and Light, Janice C. and Schlosser, Ralf W.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13924559},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {millar_06_impact_1052444.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13924559/1052444/millar_06_impact_1052444.pdf; 4e0db970328f023dfae89e10487002021ed5c43b},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7108526\_The\_Impact\_of\_Augmentative\_and\_Alternative\_Communication\_Intervention\_on\_the\_Speech\_Production\_of\_Individuals\_With\_Developmental\_Disabilities\_A\_Research\_Review},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021)},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://ktdrr.org/cgi-bin/lib\_systematic\_search.cgi?location=sr\&\#38;sel\_1=64},
    citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021)},
    date-added = {2016-02-03 10:02:56},
    doi = {10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021)},
    file = {millar_06_impact_1052444.pdf},
    journal = {Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research},
    keywords = {aac, review, speech, systematic},
    number = {2},
    pages = {248--264},
    priority = {2},
    title = {The Impact of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on the Speech Production of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Research Review},
    url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7108526\_The\_Impact\_of\_Augmentative\_and\_Alternative\_Communication\_Intervention\_on\_the\_Speech\_Production\_of\_Individuals\_With\_Developmental\_Disabilities\_A\_Research\_Review},
    volume = {49},
    year = {2006}
}
@article{citeulike:13924559,
    abstract = {Background: The impact of augmentative and alternative communication (ACC) on individuals with developmental disabilities has been controversial (i.e., whether ACC inhibits or benefits speech production). Although a previous review of ACC effectiveness exists, it is limited by the lack of selection criteria for the included studies. A systemic review of the current research is also needed to inform the impact of the ACC interventions.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of ACC interventions on speech development in people with developmental disabilities.

Search strategy: The authors searched PsycINFO, ERIC, and MEDLINE, conducted hand searches of journals, and reviewed the reference lists of 46 articles. Keywords used for the electronic searches included non-speaking, non-vocal, augmentative communication, speech production, and speech development.

Selection criteria: Studies that included the following were included in the review: (a) implementation of AAC for people with developmental disabilities who had significant speech impairments as well as the progress in the use of ACC, (b) speech production before and after the ACC intervention, and (c) publication year between 1975 and 2003.

Data collection and analysis: The authors reviewed and coded the studies that met the criteria according to key elements (e.g., study goals, design, participants, dependent variables, etc.). In addition, the authors assessed the methodological quality of each study.

Main results: A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed the increase of speech; however, 17 of the 23 studies failed to establish experimental control. In addition, Some of the studies relied on intervention strategies that would not be considered current best practices. Five of six studies with the most rigorous experimental design investigated the effects of unaided AAC interventions and showed the positive impact of the ACC interventions on speech production.

Conclusions: The results of this review provide preliminary evidence of the benefits of ACC interventions. More research is needed to better determine the relationship between AAC interventions and speech production.},
    author = {Millar, Diane C. and Light, Janice C. and Schlosser, Ralf W.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13924559},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {millar_06_impact_1052444.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13924559/1052444/millar_06_impact_1052444.pdf; 4e0db970328f023dfae89e10487002021ed5c43b},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7108526\_The\_Impact\_of\_Augmentative\_and\_Alternative\_Communication\_Intervention\_on\_the\_Speech\_Production\_of\_Individuals\_With\_Developmental\_Disabilities\_A\_Research\_Review},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021)},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://ktdrr.org/cgi-bin/lib\_systematic\_search.cgi?location=sr\&\#38;sel\_1=64},
    citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021)},
    date-added = {2016-02-03 10:02:56},
    doi = {10.1044/1092-4388(2006/021)},
    file = {millar_06_impact_1052444.pdf},
    journal = {Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research},
    keywords = {aac, review, speech, systematic},
    number = {2},
    pages = {248--264},
    priority = {2},
    title = {The Impact of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on the Speech Production of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Research Review},
    url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7108526\_The\_Impact\_of\_Augmentative\_and\_Alternative\_Communication\_Intervention\_on\_the\_Speech\_Production\_of\_Individuals\_With\_Developmental\_Disabilities\_A\_Research\_Review},
    volume = {49},
    year = {2006}
}

@mastersthesis{citeulike:13859113,
    abstract = {Low-tech, eye-gaze-accessible augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) options are important for individuals with motor impairments which result in limited voluntary movement, including many diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Available devices include EyeLink, partner-assisted scanning (PAS), and E-tran. The purpose of this study was to examine the rates of use for these devices, the user preferences related to them, and changes in rates and preferences over time. In another ongoing study component, Roman, Quach, Coggiola, and Moore (2010) investigated these devices with pairs of participants that included persons with ALS (PALS) and their communication partners. In this component, seven pairs of typical adults aged 45 or older participated. Over the course of five sessions with each pair, participants were taught to use and practiced use of these three devices. The quickest communication was accomplished through the use of EyeLink, but its rate of use did not differ significantly from that of E-tran. Use of PAS resulted in the slowest communication throughout the sessions. E-tran was the device most preferred by participants overall, and PAS was the least preferred. Through comparison of these results to those of the other study component, which included PALS as participants, the researchers hope to increase the generalizability of the study results and to better understand the ways a diagnosis of ALS may influence results.},
    author = {Swift, Sarah M.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13859113},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Low-Tech_Eye-Movement-Accessible_AAC_and_Typical_Adults.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13859113/1045672/Low-Tech_Eye-Movement-Accessible_AAC_and_Typical_Adults.pdf; 41fd72b126bbed68e6f81d5b612057f79dfda6d0},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7706\&\#38;context=etd\_theses},
    date-added = {2015-12-08 20:44:43},
    file = {Low-Tech_Eye-Movement-Accessible_AAC_and_Typical_Adults.pdf},
    keywords = {aac, adults, comparison, low-cost, low\_tech},
    month = may,
    priority = {0},
    school = {San Jose State University},
    title = {Low-Tech, Eye-Movement-Accessible AAC and Typical Adults},
    url = {http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7706\&\#38;context=etd\_theses},
    year = {2012}
}

@article{citeulike:13829046,
    author = {Warren, Erica and Hisock, Julia},
    citeulike-article-id = {13829046},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Literature_review.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13829046/1041899/Literature_review.pdf; d75cba0daaf6b7fd3b189a7397d69b9d576a32a2},
    citeulike-attachment-2 = {Literature_review.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13829046/1041898/Literature_review.pdf; d75cba0daaf6b7fd3b189a7397d69b9d576a32a2},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 16:57:04},
    day = {8},
    month = sep,
    priority = {2},
    title = {Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Literature Review},
    year = {1997}
}

@article{citeulike:13829042,
    author = {Marshall, P. and Bone, M.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13829042},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {comm_4_children_myths_models.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13829042/1041897/comm_4_children_myths_models.pdf; 90b6d49b673f70fa988ee68889442e70506e5d71},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 16:55:53},
    file = {comm_4_children_myths_models.pdf},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Communication Aids for Children, Guidelines to Good Practice},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13829038,
    author = {English, Jane and Robertson, Helen and McLeod, Margaret and Davidson, Sheena},
    chapter = {5},
    citeulike-article-id = {13829038},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {A_Team_Approach.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13829038/1041895/A_Team_Approach.pdf; bc29254d428badf495a1d93a5f6b4ae9f7e3e665},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 16:51:08},
    file = {A_Team_Approach.pdf},
    journal = {CALL Centre; Augmentative Communication in Practice},
    priority = {2},
    title = {A Team Approach to Supporting a Non-Speaking Child in Primary School},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13829028,
    author = {McGhie-Richmond, Donna and Blackstien-Adler, Susie and McGinnis, Jackie},
    citeulike-article-id = {13829028},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Using_the_Participation.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13829028/1041894/Using_the_Participation.pdf; 55e462dbf93eaa3a66b66bbbf55dc9491e0aa47f},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 16:50:59},
    file = {Using_the_Participation.pdf},
    journal = {ISAAC},
    pages = {1--15},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Using the Participation Model to Support the Inclusion of an AAC user in a Regular Classroom},
    year = {1996}
}

@article{citeulike:13829016,
    author = {Rackensperger, Tracy},
    citeulike-article-id = {13829016},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {the_challenges_and_benefits_of_learning_AAC_technologies.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13829016/1041889/the_challenges_and_benefits_of_learning_AAC_technologies.pdf; 262ee9c5a1f0515b3b097a7ba1b259f87ad7182f},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 16:26:57},
    file = {the_challenges_and_benefits_of_learning_AAC_technologies.pdf},
    journal = {Augmentative and Alternative Communication},
    priority = {2},
    title = {"When I First Got It, I Wanted to Throw It Off a Cliff": The Challenges and Benefits of Learning AAC Technologies as Described by Adults who use AAC},
    year = {2005}
}

@article{citeulike:13828979,
    abstract = {Issues in clinical assessment of nonvocal, nonwriting individuals (school-aged or adult) for prognosis for learning to read and spell and this for using computers for linguistics communication are discussed. Specific tests of visual skills (for whole word or word-like patterns and for embedded symbol or symbol sequence) and of linguistic skills (for phonemic analysis and vocabulary knowledge) are recommended because they were shown to concurrent validity for achievement in word decoding and encoding for a disabled sample of beginning readers before and after a year of formal reading instruction; these tests can be administered in the same way to nonvocal, nonwriting individuals as to nondisabled individuals on whom the tests were normed. Tests are also recommended for monitoring text comprehension, once reading instruction is implemented that is adapted to the response capabilities of the nonvocal, nonwriting individual. Professionals in the field of augmentative and alternative communication are urged to advocate for the services of qualified reading specialists for severely communicatively handicapped individuals who are appropriate candidates for formal reading and spelling instructions.},
    author = {Berninger, Virignia and Gans, Bruce M.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828979},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Assessing_word.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828979/1041872/Assessing_word.pdf; 75d7365cf2f5e9d3ca489ab4dce3daf9cddbe06a},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 15:12:23},
    file = {Assessing_word.pdf},
    journal = {AAC Augmentative and Alternative Communication},
    pages = {56--63},
    priority = {2},
    school = {Tufts University School of Medicene},
    title = {Assessing Word Processing Capability of the Nonvocal, Nonwriting}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13828959,
    abstract = {This presentation will provide information on how to improve the early literacy experiences of children who use AAC. Specifically, the presentation will review methods for using shared storybook reading as a context for participation and language learning. The presentation will also provide information on instruction and activities to improve the conventional literacy skills of children Information on how assessment can be used to create a tailored approach to literacy intervention will be discussed. The long term goals of literacy activities and instruction for children who use AAC will be reviewed.},
    author = {Wood, Lisa A.},
    booktitle = {NSLHA Convention},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828959},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Literacy_intervention.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828959/1041867/Literacy_intervention.pdf; 04a58371e140aca457ccd24939594e7743efd3fc},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 14:52:38},
    file = {Literacy_intervention.pdf},
    location = {Kearney, Nebraska},
    priority = {2},
    school = {Missouri State University},
    title = {Literacy Intervention for Children who use AAC: From Shared Storybook Readings to Word Level Literacy Instruction}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13828956,
    author = {Johnson, Hilary},
    booktitle = {ISSAC},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828956},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Devloping_a_communication.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828956/1041865/Devloping_a_communication.pdf; 491b9d3b2d99d7605fcf76654bfb5bab832b840d},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 14:44:10},
    file = {Devloping_a_communication.pdf},
    location = {Vancouver, Canada},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Developing a Communication policy for Adults with a Severe Communication Impairment}
}

@article{citeulike:13828947,
    author = {Sweeney, Lynn A.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828947},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Toward_identification_of_factors_within_and_around_the_family.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828947/1041861/Toward_identification_of_factors_within_and_around_the_family.pdf; 8492d3d496e8d8a13b8706bf250b9cfb7849db53},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 14:37:08},
    file = {Toward_identification_of_factors_within_and_around_the_family.pdf},
    journal = {Acceptance of Assisstive Technology},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Toward Identification of Factors Within and Around the Family that Affect Acceptance and Use of AAC},
    year = {1996}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13828946,
    abstract = {Word Strategy is a relatively new software programme designed for use with the Prentke Romich Touchtalker. It is generally targeted for use by speech-impaired or non-speaking adults who have, however, intact language skills and at least rudimentary knowledge of grammar. This study was designed to develop a learning curve for Word Strategy, and to compare TouchTalker with traditional orthography. An additional goal was to determine if, as Light (3) has suggested, increasing the number of associations per icon also increases the number of confusions. Results indicated that after approximately 15 hours of training, sentence input speed for Words Strategy surpassed that of traditional orthography. Furthermore, the data did not support Light's contention. Results also indicated some recommended changes to both the software and the traditional Minspeak overlay.},
    author = {Gardner-Bonneau, Daryle},
    booktitle = {Resna 12th Annual Conference},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828946},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {A_Comparison_of_Word.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828946/1041860/A_Comparison_of_Word.pdf; d021a57e464a0f8f93b56deecd3bf9f74f9a2906},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 14:36:14},
    file = {A_Comparison_of_Word.pdf},
    location = {New Orleans, Louisiana},
    priority = {2},
    title = {A Comparison of Words Strategy and Traditional Orthography},
    year = {1989}
}

@article{citeulike:13828944,
    author = {Rogers, Daniel},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828944},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Neuropsychiatry_of_movement_disorders.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828944/1041859/Neuropsychiatry_of_movement_disorders.pdf; 809118b623ce89776e66d4a0a24d68bbac404183},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 14:33:07},
    file = {Neuropsychiatry_of_movement_disorders.pdf},
    journal = {Neuropsychiatry},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Neuropsychiatry of Movement disorders},
    year = {1992}
}

@article{citeulike:13828930,
    author = {Sigafoos, Jeff and Schonell, Fred and Schonell, Eleanor},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828930},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {obtaining_a_correspondence.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828930/1041857/obtaining_a_correspondence.pdf; 52354cc48e693d92aa8f0baa8a33d25995c48c72},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 14:21:06},
    file = {obtaining_a_correspondence.pdf},
    journal = {Obtaining a Correspondence},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Obtaining a Correspondence between Requesting and Selecting Preferred Objects},
    year = {1992}
}

@article{citeulike:13828928,
    author = {Rogers, Daniel},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828928},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Psychiatric_consequences.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828928/1041856/Psychiatric_consequences.pdf; 4eaa937a3764df246821a4cccd3ebbdcc82da18a},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 14:15:48},
    file = {Psychiatric_consequences.pdf},
    journal = {Seminars in Neurology},
    month = sep,
    number = {3},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Psychiatric Consequences of Basal Ganglia Disease},
    volume = {10},
    year = {1990}
}

@article{citeulike:13828886,
    author = {Calculator, Stephen N. and Singer, Karen M.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828886},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Preliminary_Validation.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828886/1041845/Preliminary_Validation.pdf; 932c3077a446c42e89f041fc4e8a86d0d0e9cac2},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:53:19},
    file = {Preliminary_Validation.pdf},
    journal = {Topics in Language Disorders},
    pages = {1--31},
    priority = {2},
    school = {University of New Hampshire},
    title = {Preliminary Validation of Facilitated Communication}
}

@article{citeulike:13828884,
    author = {Nozaki, Kazuko and Mochizuki, Akira},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828884},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {assessing_choice_making_of_a_person.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828884/1041844/assessing_choice_making_of_a_person.pdf; df2b24bca8e4605da4ae0bd54bbc314b59f4bf46},
    citeulike-attachment-2 = {assessing_choice_making_of_a_person.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828884/1041843/assessing_choice_making_of_a_person.pdf; df2b24bca8e4605da4ae0bd54bbc314b59f4bf46},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:51:11},
    journal = {Institute for Development Research},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Assessing Choice Making of a Person With Profound Disabilities: A Preliminary Analysis},
    year = {1995}
}

@article{citeulike:13828882,
    author = {Blackstone, S.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828882},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {populations_and_practices_in_AAC.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828882/1041842/populations_and_practices_in_AAC.pdf; f6be0f18961f30c5a667ad907ef77e1ec7313014},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:42:58},
    file = {populations_and_practices_in_AAC.pdf},
    journal = {Augmentative Communication News},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Populations and Practices in AAC. Augmentative Communication News 3 1 3.},
    year = {1990}
}

@article{citeulike:13828879,
    abstract = {Many occupational therapists appear to tbe struggling to provide a holistic treatment programme for people with multiple handicaps. A number of the accepted methods of therapy or intervention techniques for mental handicap facilitate the individual to learn by handling and manipulation and are thus not so readily accessible to those with multiple handicaps because of physical disabilities. This article is intended to show how vibration can be incorporated into therapy programmes for people with mental, multiple and sensory handicaps to obtain an optimum level of function and therefore enhance their quality of life.},
    author = {Boakes, Moura},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828879},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Vibrotactile_Stimulation.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828879/1041841/Vibrotactile_Stimulation.pdf; 55b2645a4959d5ea36b976c9d01d340603223384},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:42:49},
    file = {Vibrotactile_Stimulation.pdf},
    journal = {British Journal of Occupatonal Therapy},
    month = jun,
    number = {6},
    pages = {220--224},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Vibrotactile Stimulation},
    volume = {53},
    year = {1990}
}

@article{citeulike:13828881,
    author = {Scott, J. and Murphy, J.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828881},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {talking_together_a_model_of_training.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828881/1041840/talking_together_a_model_of_training.pdf; e018f3d10f778e84e2262fb4c2ff0a75a4d959b3},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:41:01},
    file = {talking_together_a_model_of_training.pdf},
    journal = {Communication Matters},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Talking Together: A Model of Training to Encourage More Effective Use of AAC Systems.},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13828877,
    author = {Curtin, Michael},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828877},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {technology_for_people_with_tetraplegia_Part_2_Environmental_Control_Units.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828877/1041837/technology_for_people_with_tetraplegia_Part_2_Environmental_Control_Units.pdf; ea59b017596d5c029a77c3afa4fb15e7674454de},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:37:48},
    file = {technology_for_people_with_tetraplegia_Part_2_Environmental_Control_Units.pdf},
    journal = {Environmental Control Units},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Technology for People with Tetraplegia, Part 2: Environmental Control Units},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13828873,
    author = {Lester-Cribb, M. and McCall, F. and Murphy, J.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828873},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Some_thoughts_on_the.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828873/1041835/Some_thoughts_on_the.pdf; 447a3ef2163c2e352b22f220d27561eae444ea35},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:31:49},
    file = {Some_thoughts_on_the.pdf},
    journal = {Communication Matters},
    month = aug,
    number = {2},
    pages = {6--9},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Some Thoughts on the Relationship Between Speech and Language Therapy and Clients' Everyday Environments},
    volume = {9},
    year = {1995}
}

@article{citeulike:13828868,
    author = {Mavis, Warrington},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828868},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {fostering_self-advocacy_not_dependence.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828868/1041833/fostering_self-advocacy_not_dependence.pdf; 3bfdffb1a44d8bd7f79824bde1f63951bc5e1c87},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:22:38},
    file = {fostering_self-advocacy_not_dependence.pdf},
    journal = {Communication Matters},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Fostering Self-Advocacy not Dependence for People with Communication Difficulties},
    year = {1996}
}

@article{citeulike:13828864,
    author = {Murphy, J. and Collins, S. and Moodie, E.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828864},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {the_limited_use.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828864/1041831/the_limited_use.pdf; 821e33dd05a45e1349692822b2713ab4785022f6},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:20:44},
    file = {the_limited_use.pdf},
    journal = {Communication Matters},
    month = dec,
    number = {3},
    pages = {9--12},
    priority = {2},
    title = {The Limited Use of AAC Systems: Why The Current Situation is Problematic and How it Can Be Improved.},
    volume = {8},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13828866,
    author = {Blackstone, S.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828866},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {aug_comm_news_6_4_5.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828866/1041830/aug_comm_news_6_4_5.pdf; f41b82c3a795cfdc0ec3eecac095ce8fe5811d00},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:19:59},
    file = {aug_comm_news_6_4_5.pdf},
    journal = {AAC for People with CP},
    priority = {2},
    title = {AAC for People with CP. Augmentative Communication News 6: 4-5.},
    year = {1993}
}

@article{citeulike:13828843,
    author = {Blackstone},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828843},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {aug_com_news_culture_in_AAc_community.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828843/1041829/aug_com_news_culture_in_AAc_community.pdf; 530c1b424899f398d84bd1f57c75ec77eeb3f7a6},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 12:15:46},
    file = {aug_com_news_culture_in_AAc_community.pdf},
    journal = {Culture in the AAC Community},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Augmentative Communication News 6: 1-3. Culture in the AAC Community. S. Blackstone},
    year = {1993}
}

@article{citeulike:13828827,
    author = {Markova, Ivana},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828827},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {An_Integrated_Approach.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828827/1041823/An_Integrated_Approach.pdf; 709a17eaa29a10086e851ad9361a694a40a58837},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 11:53:46},
    file = {An_Integrated_Approach.pdf},
    journal = {Communication Matters},
    month = dec,
    number = {3},
    pages = {3--4},
    priority = {2},
    title = {An Integrated Approach to Research},
    volume = {8},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13828828,
    author = {Blackstone},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828828},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {aug_comm_news.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828828/1041822/aug_comm_news.pdf; 3b7bb96065c5995da02a985f01338a52b0d12389},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 11:51:59},
    file = {aug_comm_news.pdf},
    journal = {Augmentative Communication News},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Augmentative Communication News. The Missing Research Agenda 7: 6-7},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13828815,
    author = {Stillman, Robert D. and Battle, Christy W.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828815},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {developing_prelanguage_comm_in_the_severely_handicapped.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828815/1041821/developing_prelanguage_comm_in_the_severely_handicapped.pdf; 7feee4e42ccd81ce44ffe8b048e96d82b1b6935d},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 11:48:59},
    file = {developing_prelanguage_comm_in_the_severely_handicapped.pdf},
    journal = {Seminars in Speech and Language},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Developing Prelanguage Communication in the severely handicapped: An Interpretation of the Van Dijk Method},
    year = {1996}
}

@article{citeulike:13828812,
    abstract = {The aims of this programme included: allowing tenants to have an increase in opportunities for choice, and allowing tenants to develop their skills in making choices.},
    author = {Suphi, Aydan},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828812},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Creating_opportunities.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828812/1041820/Creating_opportunities.pdf; 92a97819b90596ecb5ea36cda45ffab574e1d597},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 11:48:16},
    file = {Creating_opportunities.pdf},
    journal = {Communication Matters},
    month = aug,
    number = {2},
    pages = {11--14},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Creating Opportunities for Choice for Adults with Learning Disabilities in a Group Home},
    volume = {8},
    year = {1994}
}

@article{citeulike:13828808,
    author = {Donna, Drynan and McGinnis, Jackie},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828808},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {slings_springs_and_other_silly_things.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828808/1041819/slings_springs_and_other_silly_things.pdf; a72cb7da8f7f38bb05eb09deb76f85fe5eaffa60},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 11:44:56},
    file = {slings_springs_and_other_silly_things.pdf},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Slings, Springs, and other Silly Things: Basic Motor Control Assessment Techniques.},
    year = {1996}
}

@article{citeulike:13828804,
    author = {Communication Matters Advocacy Steering Group},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828804},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Pathways_to_advocacy.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828804/1041818/Pathways_to_advocacy.pdf; 10c0eda45ef8d2c1ad03d72fe036b2e04ccb86a0},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 11:37:10},
    file = {Pathways_to_advocacy.pdf},
    journal = {Communication Matters},
    month = sep,
    number = {2},
    pages = {17--19},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Pathways to Advocacy: a Training Package},
    volume = {10},
    year = {1996}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13828797,
    author = {Parkinson, Elaine and Royall, Liz and Darvil, Gill},
    booktitle = {Communication Matters},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828797},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Does_Augmentative_comm.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828797/1041817/Does_Augmentative_comm.pdf; fb92aacc84d7c44870d3f9595349c36292f93eed},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 11:27:18},
    file = {Does_Augmentative_comm.pdf},
    month = aug,
    number = {2},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Does Augmentative Communication Improve Communication and Reduce Frustration?},
    volume = {9},
    year = {1995}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13828768,
    author = {Mirenda, Pat},
    booktitle = {The 7th Biennial Conference of the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828768},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Supporting_people.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828768/1041808/Supporting_people.pdf; d72c3f80679b2f8ae0cbefbe0fdc2e4eb1a2f7b6},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 10:39:12},
    day = {9},
    file = {Supporting_people.pdf},
    month = aug,
    priority = {2},
    title = {Supporting People with Challenging Behaviour Through AAC},
    year = {1996}
}

@article{citeulike:13828769,
    author = {O'Keefe, Bernard M. and Pletsch, Susan E. and Sherk, Wendy L. and Sokol, Sandra J.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828769},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {measurement_methods.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828769/1041807/measurement_methods.pdf; cacd6c65e050e03c148421d66abb9c18f7ad1510},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 10:37:13},
    file = {measurement_methods.pdf},
    journal = {Communication disorders},
    month = jul,
    priority = {2},
    title = {Measurement Methods for Quality of Life Outcomes for AAC Treatment. Draft for Proceedings of ISAAC Research Conference},
    year = {1996}
}

@article{citeulike:13828750,
    abstract = {Communication intervention for children who do not make use of speech of other symbolic means is a critical concern for educators and therapists responsible for programming. This article addresses the need to identify the unconventional, nonsymbolic behaviours of children with severe, multiple disabilities. Suggestions are provided to improve the frequency and quality of communicative interactions by building on the current behavioural repertoire of the individual. Emphasis is placed on the dyadic nature of communication exchanges and the need for both communicative partners, the child and the professional, to modify their communication behaviours to improve interactions.},
    author = {Downing, June E. and Siegel-Causey, Ellin},
    citeulike-article-id = {13828750},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Enhancing_the_nonsymbolic.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13828750/1041799/Enhancing_the_nonsymbolic.pdf; 540605814c3865186d2ccf48aff8a7d006376f05},
    date-added = {2015-11-05 10:20:32},
    file = {Enhancing_the_nonsymbolic.pdf},
    journal = {Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools},
    month = oct,
    pages = {338--348},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Enhancing the Nonsymbolic Communicative Behaviour of Children with Multiple Impairments},
    year = {1988}
}

@article{citeulike:13827969,
    author = {Beukelman, David R. and Ansel, Beth M.},
    chapter = {131-134},
    citeulike-article-id = {13827969},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {research_priorities_in_aug_n_alt_comm.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13827969/1041614/research_priorities_in_aug_n_alt_comm.pdf; 1e908d128d90dbc4c9cce695eadacae3ee2b717e},
    date-added = {2015-11-04 16:46:12},
    file = {research_priorities_in_aug_n_alt_comm.pdf},
    journal = {Augmentative and Alternative Communication},
    keywords = {acecentre},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Research Priorities in Augmentative and Alternative Communication.},
    year = {1995}
}

@article{citeulike:1179787,
    abstract = {A surprising discovery in recent years is that the structure of the adult human brain changes when a new cognitive or motor skill is learned. This effect is seen as a change in local gray or white matter density that correlates with behavioral measures. Critically, however, the cognitive and anatomical mechanisms underlying these learning-related structural brain changes remain unknown. Here, we combined brain imaging, detailed behavioral analyses, and white matter tractography in English-speaking monolingual adolescents to show that a critical linguistic prerequisite (namely, knowledge of vocabulary) is proportionately related to relative gray matter density in bilateral posterior supramarginal gyri. The effect was specific to the number of words learned, regardless of verbal fluency or other cognitive abilities. The identified region was found to have direct connections to other inferior parietal areas that separately process either the sounds of words or their meanings, suggesting that the posterior supramarginal gyrus plays a role in linking the basic components of vocabulary knowledge. Together, these analyses highlight the cognitive and anatomical mechanisms that mediate an essential language skill.},
    author = {Lee, HweeLing and Devlin, Joseph T. and Shakeshaft, Clare and Stewart, Lauren H. and Brennan, Amanda and Glensman, Jen and Pitcher, Katherine and Crinion, Jenny and Mechelli, Andrea and Frackowiak, Richard S. J. and Green, David W. and Price, Cathy J.},
    citeulike-article-id = {1179787},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {1184full.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/1179787/996219/1184full.pdf; 8033a5a56bd418401bed5dc294d007ee56d3e9c9},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4442},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.jneurosci.org/content/27/5/1184.abstract},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.jneurosci.org/content/27/5/1184.full.pdf},
    citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/5/1184},
    citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17267574},
    citeulike-linkout-5 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=17267574},
    date-added = {2014-12-01 08:54:16},
    day = {31},
    doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.4442},
    file = {1184full.pdf},
    issn = {1529-2401},
    journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
    keywords = {anatomy, brain, language, neurology, physiology},
    month = jan,
    number = {5},
    pages = {1184--1189},
    pmid = {17267574},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
    title = {Anatomical Traces of Vocabulary Acquisition in the Adolescent Brain},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4442},
    volume = {27},
    year = {2007}
}

@article{citeulike:7112872,
    abstract = {Brain imaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms of recovery in adults following acquired disorders and, more recently, childhood developmental disorders. However, the neural systems underlying adult rehabilitation of neurobiologically based learning disabilities remain unexplored, despite their high incidence. Here we characterize the differences in brain activity during a phonological manipulation task before and after a behavioral intervention in adults with developmental dyslexia. Phonologically targeted training resulted in performance improvements in tutored compared to nontutored dyslexics, and these gains were associated with signal increases in bilateral parietal and right perisylvian cortices. Our findings demonstrate that behavioral changes in tutored dyslexic adults are associated with (1) increased activity in those left-hemisphere regions engaged by normal readers and (2) compensatory activity in the right perisylvian cortex. Hence, behavioral plasticity in adult developmental dyslexia involves two distinct neural mechanisms, each of which has previously been observed either for remediation of developmental or acquired reading disorders.},
    author = {Eden, Guinevere F. and Jones, Karen M. and Cappell, Katherine and Gareau, Lynn and Wood, Frank B. and Zeffiro, Thomas A. and Dietz, Nicole A. E. and Agnew, John A. and Flowers},
    citeulike-article-id = {7112872},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {NEURON_intervention_04_eden_et_al.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/7112872/996218/NEURON_intervention_04_eden_et_al.pdf; 29177517e26d243e3eeed9670bddd0f494b81252},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.019},
    date-added = {2014-12-01 08:53:05},
    day = {28},
    doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.019},
    file = {NEURON_intervention_04_eden_et_al.pdf},
    issn = {08966273},
    journal = {Neuron},
    keywords = {anatomy, brain, dyslexia, language, neurology, physiology},
    month = oct,
    number = {3},
    pages = {411--422},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Neural Changes following Remediation in Adult Developmental Dyslexia},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.019},
    volume = {44},
    year = {2004}
}

@mastersthesis{citeulike:13350672,
    abstract = {Purpose: This study examined the latency and accuracy measurements of five different augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) iPad apps evaluated in a previous study by Emmel (2013) and Graydon (2013). Latency can be defined as the amount of time necessary to complete a task, while accuracy can be defined as the correct number of correct button hits during the task. In their studies, Emmel (2013) and Graydon (2013) determined latency and accuracy of prescribed iPad apps through performance measures of typically developing adults who used the apps to complete functional communication tasks. The apps were selected following a systematic search of the iTunes Store and met pre-determined inclusion criteria. The current study sought to look at latency and accuracy more generally when studying Emmel (2013) and Graydon's (2013) findings. Further analysis sought to investigate the navigation sequence across the five different apps to determine if a difference exists between them that could explain the latency and accuracy data.
Correlations between the latency measurements and accuracy scores were calculated using the Pearson r. Further analysis was then performed to assess the sequencing of each app by counting the number of button hits and page sets necessary to complete five chosen sentences. This analysis sought to provide support for the mean latency data produced in the studies by Emmel (2013) and Graydon (2013). Each sentence tested was chosen from a pool of 20 sentences used in Emmel (2013) and Graydon's (2013) study to generate phrase construction data.
The results indicated overall correlations between latency and accuracy of +0.66 for spelling tasks and +0.98 for phrase construction tasks across all five apps. Therefore, the two areas of accuracy and latency are positively correlated. The study also found that support could not be given for the mean latency calculations collected by Emmel (2013) and Graydon (2013).This data cannot be explained through the positive correlation between latency and accuracy due to other factors not addressed in this study.  Future studies should explore the variations between specific apps such as page and display construction to determine if these factors influence the latency and accuracy of phrase construction.},
    author = {Christensen, Laura},
    citeulike-article-id = {13350672},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {PLAN_B_PAPER_-_LC_513.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13350672/984069/PLAN_B_PAPER_-_LC_513.pdf; f0b825ce03bd0f2104b917c56c584b8e375bc630},
    date-added = {2014-09-08 15:30:25},
    file = {PLAN_B_PAPER_-_LC_513.pdf},
    keywords = {apps, comparison, latency, measures, software, speed},
    month = may,
    priority = {2},
    school = {THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA-DULUTH},
    title = {A Comparison of AAC Apps across Accuracy and Latency Measures},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13332467,
    abstract = {Adelaide West Special Education Centre (AdWest) is a Reception to Year 12 public school for students with physical and associated disabilities in Adelaide, Australia. This presentation describes the journey Adwest has taken to becoming a centre of educational expertise for students Complex Communication Needs (CCN).

We believe,  ” All students can learn,” and communication is the key to meaningful and engaging learning. Our 2012 Site Improvement Plan provided a vision of what, where and how our school was going to achieve this. 100\% of our schools population has Complex Communication Needs so it was evident that CCN should be a school focus.

The presentation will show evidence of the intensive resourcing, funding and staffing commitment needed to build the schools knowledge and equipment base.
Our thirst for knowledge and inquiring nature lead to investigations for appropriate devices, equipment and practices to ensure communication for students with CCN is embedded in our everyday practice. The complexities and individual needs of our students with physical disabilities means that accessibility solutions would be needed. Participants will gain a better understanding of the assistive technology options utilized and the vital support they play in developing our student's communication.

Becoming a centre of educational expertise for students with CCN has lead AdWest on an exciting and challenging journey. We will share our professional development ideas and strategies for upskilling staff, who now have an extensive knowledge base. We now lead, coordinate and facilitate specialist learning and advice in CCN for education staff and agencies statewide.},
    author = {Shane, Leanne and Flato, Sylvia},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13332467},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {345.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13332467/981682/345.pdf; cbe5b636f6e5d70cd7b2b4ceb60139dc8e1a7bfa},
    date-added = {2014-08-22 10:45:24},
    file = {345.pdf},
    keywords = {educational\_practice, isaac-2014, isaac-345, sdisaac},
    location = {Lisbon},
    priority = {0},
    title = {Developing a Centre of Educational Expertise, Adelaide West Special Education Centre's Journey}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13327017,
    abstract = {Aim
The aim of the project was to identify factors influencing implementation of AAC in the educational system for students with complex communication needs (CCN), concentrating on special schools in Germany and Hungary. In order to develop an implementation program, barriers to communication as well as enabling factors were determined.

Method
The project was conducted in two steps. First, data was collected by interviewing 16 teachers and other professionals in Germany, and 12 in Hungary, applying the questionnaire and attitude scale known as PARCCA. Second, a sustainable program for implementing AAC in schools was developed using the results.

Results
1.In both countries, those interviewed mentioned both barriers and enabling factors to the implementation of AAC.

2. Contrary to expectations, more enabling factors than barriers were mentioned.

3.Most of the factors we identified arose from school practices.

4.The results of the interviews allowed us to identify factors to construct and implement a program facilitating the use of AAC in schools.

Conclusion
In Germany, the greatest challenge is improving networking among family, school and therapists. A more thorough knowledge of the subject and competence must also be developed among professionals.
In Hungary, the greatest challenge is to educate teachers and other facilitators in using AAC.
AAC allows students with CCN to participate in social and academic activities, and both countries show a need for improvement in AAC, especially regarding school practices and professionals' competencies. To this aim, we have implemented our program.},
    author = {Erd\'{e}lyi, Andrea and Th\"{u}mmel, Ingeborg},
    citeulike-article-id = {13327017},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {162.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13327017/980720/162.pdf; 37f67138d2739efb80acc66a9573a11bc89dd5b1},
    date-added = {2014-08-15 14:54:17},
    day = {21},
    file = {162.pdf},
    keywords = {aac, implementation, isaac-162, isaac-2014},
    month = jul,
    priority = {0},
    title = {They know it, but they don't do it - Research about barriers in educational systems},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13326321,
    abstract = {Background: Children with autism benefit from the use of visual supports to meaning, to support language growth. Visual supports are (a) graphic and symbolic stimuli that are used to aid communication and learning; and (b) effective in increasing the communication and language skills of children with autism. However, little is known of the views of parents, educators, and health professionals on the feasibility of implementing an immersive visual language program in a group setting providing early education to children with diverse developmental disabilities.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the views of key stakeholders on the feasibility of implementing a visual language program for children with diverse development disabilities in an early intervention setting.

Method: Three one-hour focus groups were conducted separately with four parents, four educators, and five health professionals at an early intervention centre providing services to children with autism and other developmental disabilities in a group setting. Content analysis identified participants' views on barriers to and facilitators of implementing the visual language program.

Results: Participants described using pictures for choice-making and visual schedules for children's orientation to time and place. Barriers to implementing visual supports in activities included lack of time, difficulties accessing visual supports quickly, lack of awareness of vidual supports, and lack of a consistent approach across settings. Facilitators included having access to assistive technologies including mobile technology, having time and being prepared to use visual supports, engaging as a team, aiming for consistency across settings, and increased awareness of the use and benefit of visual supports.

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that implementing the full range of visual supports in early education settings for children with developmental disabilities is feasible. However, strategies to remove barriers and enable facilitators must be considered in the design of future research evaluating the effects of the program on children with autism.},
    author = {Donato, Cynthia and Shane, Howard and Hemsley, Bronwyn},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13326321},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {123.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13326321/980569/123.pdf; 9d9663f4c4fb08678a1d2c86c2b4017724ef48c4},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=123},
    date-added = {2014-08-14 16:50:48},
    day = {21},
    file = {123.pdf},
    howpublished = {Presentation},
    keywords = {asd, isaac-123, isaac-2014, sara, symbol, visuals},
    location = {Lisbon},
    month = jul,
    priority = {2},
    title = {Barriers and facilitators to a visual language system for children with developmental disabilities in an early intervention setting},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=123},
    year = {2014}
}

@article{citeulike:13325827,
    abstract = {Speech production has been studied predominantly from within two traditions, psycholinguistics and motor control. These traditions have rarely interacted, and the resulting chasm between these approaches seems to reflect a level of analysis difference: whereas motor control is concerned with lower-level articulatory control, psycholinguistics focuses on higher-level linguistic processing. However, closer examination of both approaches reveals a substantial convergence of ideas. The goal of this article is to integrate psycholinguistic and motor control approaches to speech production. The result of this synthesis is a neuroanatomically grounded, hierarchical state feedback control model of speech production.},
    author = {Hickok, Gregory},
    citeulike-article-id = {13325827},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Computational_neuroanatomy_of_speech_production.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13325827/980500/Computational_neuroanatomy_of_speech_production.pdf; 325c635a84482e20dbbf4672fd3f030250495869},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22218206},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=22218206},
    date-added = {2014-08-14 09:12:27},
    file = {Computational_neuroanatomy_of_speech_production.pdf},
    issn = {1471-0048},
    journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience},
    keywords = {neurology, speech},
    month = feb,
    number = {2},
    pages = {135--145},
    pmid = {22218206},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Computational neuroanatomy of speech production.},
    url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22218206},
    volume = {13},
    year = {2012}
}

@article{citeulike:13325825,
    abstract = {This article describes a computational model, called DIVA, that provides a quantitative framework for understanding the roles of various brain regions involved in speech acquisition and production. An overview of the DIVA model is first provided, along with descriptions of the computations performed in the different brain regions represented in the model. Particular focus is given to the model's speech sound map, which provides a link between the sensory representation of a speech sound and the motor program for that sound. Neurons in this map share with "mirror neurons" described in monkey ventral premotor cortex the key property of being active during both production and perception of specific motor actions. As the DIVA model is defined both computationally and anatomically, it is ideal for generating precise predictions concerning speech-related brain activation patterns observed during functional imaging experiments. The DIVA model thus provides a well-defined framework for guiding the interpretation of experimental results related to the putative human speech mirror system.},
    author = {Guenther, Frank H. and Vladusich, Tony},
    citeulike-article-id = {13325825},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {A_Neural_Theory_of_Speech_Acquisition_and_Production.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13325825/980499/A_Neural_Theory_of_Speech_Acquisition_and_Production.pdf; fd47ef77833be370e0d0ac1ef7eaca3a9ae3a9f3},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711978},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=22711978},
    date-added = {2014-08-14 09:11:31},
    day = {1},
    file = {A_Neural_Theory_of_Speech_Acquisition_and_Production.pdf},
    issn = {0911-6044},
    journal = {Journal of neurolinguistics},
    keywords = {neurology, theory, word-model},
    month = sep,
    number = {5},
    pages = {408--422},
    pmid = {22711978},
    priority = {2},
    title = {A Neural Theory of Speech Acquisition and Production.},
    url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711978},
    volume = {25},
    year = {2012}
}

@article{citeulike:13325824,
    abstract = {We conducted a neurophysiological study of attempted speech production in a paralyzed human volunteer using chronic microelectrode recordings. The volunteer suffers from locked-in syndrome leaving him in a state of near-total paralysis, though he maintains good cognition and sensation. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of supervised classification techniques for prediction of intended phoneme production in the absence of any overt movements including speech. Such classification or decoding ability has the potential to greatly improve the quality-of-life of many people who are otherwise unable to speak by providing a direct communicative link to the general community. We examined the performance of three classifiers on a multi-class discrimination problem in which the items were 38 American English phonemes including monophthong and diphthong vowels and consonants. The three classifiers differed in performance, but averaged between 16 and 21\% overall accuracy (chance-level is 1/38 or 2.6\%). Further, the distribution of phonemes classified statistically above chance was non-uniform though 20 of 38 phonemes were classified with statistical significance for all three classifiers. These preliminary results suggest supervised classification techniques are capable of performing large scale multi-class discrimination for attempted speech production and may provide the basis for future communication prostheses.},
    author = {Brumberg, Jonathan S. and Wright, E. Joe and Andreasen, Dinal S. and Guenther, Frank H. and Kennedy, Philip R.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13325824},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Classification_of_intended_phoneme_production_from_chronic_intracortical_microelectrode_recordings_in_speech.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13325824/980498/Classification_of_intended_phoneme_production_from_chronic_intracortical_microelectrode_recordings_in_speech.pdf; 0e2b1e143d9025042df6f0f2a0197bcf596332e6},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21629876},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=21629876},
    date-added = {2014-08-14 09:10:26},
    file = {Classification_of_intended_phoneme_production_from_chronic_intracortical_microelectrode_recordings_in_speech.pdf},
    issn = {1662-453X},
    journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
    keywords = {neurology, phoneme},
    pmid = {21629876},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Classification of intended phoneme production from chronic intracortical microelectrode recordings in speech-motor cortex.},
    url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21629876},
    volume = {5},
    year = {2011}
}

@article{citeulike:13324616,
    abstract = {Models of both speech perception and speech production typically postulate a processing level that involves some form of phonological processing. There is disagreement, however, on the question of whether there are separate phonological systems for speech input versus speech output. We review a range of neuroscientific data that indicate that input and output phonological systems partially overlap. An important anatomical site of overlap appears to be the left posterior superior temporal gyrus. We then present the results of a new event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment in which participants were asked to listen to and then (covertly) produce speech. In each participant, we found two regions in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus that responded both to the perception and production components of the task, suggesting that there is overlap in the neural systems that participate in phonological aspects of speech perception and speech production. The implications for neural models of verbal working memory are also discussed in connection with our findings.},
    author = {Buchsbaum, Bradley R. and Hickok, Gregory and Humphries, Colin},
    citeulike-article-id = {13324616},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {Role_of_left_posterior_superior_temporal_gyrus.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13324616/980362/Role_of_left_posterior_superior_temporal_gyrus.pdf; e8a1a4f90a3096dd7e06d5d02e97e9757c0c96e0},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2505\_2},
    date-added = {2014-08-13 17:38:01},
    day = {1},
    doi = {10.1207/s15516709cog2505\_2},
    file = {Role_of_left_posterior_superior_temporal_gyrus.pdf},
    journal = {Cognitive Science},
    keywords = {neurology, phonological\_processing, word-model},
    month = sep,
    number = {5},
    pages = {663--678},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.},
    title = {Role of left posterior superior temporal gyrus in phonological processing for speech perception and production},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2505\_2},
    volume = {25},
    year = {2001}
}

@article{citeulike:13324483,
    author = {Tankus, Ariel and Fried, Itzhak and Shoham, Shy},
    citeulike-article-id = {13324483},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {tankus_12_structured_980342.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13324483/980342/tankus_12_structured_980342.pdf; cc36a48064499dff8d6fa8c303a11de3322433be},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1995},
    comment = {10.1038/ncomms1995},
    date-added = {2014-08-13 14:09:27},
    day = {21},
    doi = {10.1038/ncomms1995},
    file = {tankus_12_structured_980342.pdf},
    keywords = {mri, neurology, speech, word-model},
    month = aug,
    pages = {1015+},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
    title = {Structured neuronal encoding and decoding of human speech features},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1995},
    volume = {3},
    year = {2012}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13319230,
    abstract = {{This paper describes an algorithm that can be used to implement a low-cost switch based on a gyroscope. The gyroscope is housed on a circuit board that measures 18mm by 14mm. This circuit board, connected to a main control box with a lightweight cable, can be attached nearly anywhere on the body (i.e. the wrist). The gyroscope can sense when it is being rotated, and this information is read by an Arduino Mini microcontroller in the device's main control box. The user's wrist must be stable for an initial period before a ” Ready” LED lights up. Once the LED is lit, the user can either supinate or pronate her wrist. She then rotates her wrist back towards the initial resting position. If she turned her wrist far enough, a relay inside the control box will close. This relay can be used to trigger any switch-accessible device. It is possible for the user to adjust the length of the initial resting period, as well how far the user must rotate in order to trigger the relay. Limitations of the system are discussed, and future work is suggested.}},
    author = {Renwick, Kyle},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13319230},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {renwick_14_building_979500.jpg; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13319230/979500/renwick_14_building_979500.jpg; c367b15edb4f8f0feca8539625f146b21cbe1fc9},
    citeulike-attachment-2 = {renwick_14_building_979501.jpg; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13319230/979501/renwick_14_building_979501.jpg; 58bc1a3dbb90ee0a70ce4475075b1215a36ebabb},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=450},
    date-added = {2014-08-08 16:09:07},
    day = {22},
    howpublished = {Poster},
    keywords = {access, isaac-2014, low-cost, open-source, otaccess, poster, switch, willw, *file-import-14-08-08},
    month = jul,
    organization = {ISAAC},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Holland Bloorview},
    title = {{Building a low-cost switch using a gyroscope}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=450},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13319229,
    abstract = {{According to the AAC-RERC's White Paper (2011), ” Apple's mobile technologies are multi-media, mass market entertainment and communication platforms. Software applications, or 'Apps' as they are commonly known, create ubiquitous devices constrained only by a developer's imagination. Mobile technologies are being readily adopted by people with disabilities, including those with complex communication needs.” The accessibility of these mobile technologies, combined with the apparent growing acceptance of their appeal and low cost as communication tools—absent, it should be noted, evidence- based research that supports such assertions by way of data analyses and sound scientific review—has created a substantial and presumably growing market in the disability 'marketplace.' However, we still lack important information about (1) needed consumer education in choosing an APP, (2) Evidence-based research to support the use of these mobile technologies and the APPS, (3) public policy as it relates for funding, and (4) informed practice of professionals. This presentation will address each of these 4 important areas. In addition, in the absence of evidence-based research to guide practice, a consumer guide will be provided and discussed.}},
    author = {Bryen, Diane N.},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13319229},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {bryen_14_mobile_979503.jpg; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13319229/979503/bryen_14_mobile_979503.jpg; 1d24f12a569f784dc9a3394e5e8bb39537d4c1c7},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=21},
    date-added = {2014-08-08 16:09:07},
    day = {22},
    file = {bryen_14_mobile_979503.jpg},
    howpublished = {Poster},
    institution = {Temple University},
    keywords = {aac, apps, isaac-2014, mobile-devices, poster, willw, *file-import-14-08-08},
    location = {Lisbon},
    month = jul,
    organization = {ISAAC},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Temple University},
    title = {{Mobile Technologies and Apps for AAC?}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=21},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13319228,
    abstract = {{The aim of this case study is to introduce to the occupational therapists the Talking Mats™ framework and gather their experiences from the use of Talking Mats™ to administer the The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM ) with individuals who have complex communication needs because of aphasia. The aim also is to put together a picture package, which is available to Finnish occupational therapists easily. Many of occupational therapists in Finland use the COPM as the first step in the occupational therapy process with people with aphasia. They find making assessment difficult because they do not have a way to communicate with the clients. This study compares the experiences of occupational therapists administering COMP interview with and without using Talking Mats™.}},
    author = {Railosvuo, Satu},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13319228},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {railosvuo_14_using_979505.jpg; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13319228/979505/railosvuo_14_using_979505.jpg; 88636d81695204b59d58c5d6dfd29743d98204b8},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=487},
    date-added = {2014-08-08 16:09:07},
    day = {22},
    file = {railosvuo_14_using_979505.jpg},
    howpublished = {Poster},
    keywords = {aac, assessment, isaac-2014, outcomes, poster, willw, *file-import-14-08-08},
    location = {Lisbon},
    month = jul,
    priority = {2},
    title = {{Using Talking Mats ® to Administer the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=487},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13319227,
    abstract = {{This poster will present a study on the iconicity analysis of Augmentative and Alternative Communication symbol systems by perceiving of general young children. AAC symbol systems were four systems (Picture Communication System (PCS), KidsVoice symbol system, OK Toc Talk symbol system, and Pocket AAC symbol system). The participants of this study were 89 young children aged from 3 to 5. The results will present on the followings: First, differences among four symbol systems on the part of speech and others expressions, second, iconicity perception factors by young children and third, the differences of iconicity perception factors among four symbol systems and the part of speech. Implications with regards to development of AAC symbol systems considering iconicity will be discussed.}},
    author = {Han, Kyung-Im and Choi, Jeong E.},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13319227},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {han_14_aac_979506.jpg; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13319227/979506/han_14_aac_979506.jpg; c35447429faec42362706c4b26a8b27128bd0ae1},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=118},
    date-added = {2014-08-08 16:09:07},
    day = {22},
    file = {han_14_aac_979506.jpg},
    howpublished = {Poster},
    institution = {ISAAC},
    keywords = {aac, isaac-2014, perceptions, poster, symbols, willw, *file-import-14-08-08},
    location = {Lisbon},
    month = jul,
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Changwon National University, Korea},
    title = {{AAC Symbol Iconicity Analysis by Perceiving of General Young Children}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=118},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13319226,
    abstract = {{Aim: With the Apps being more popular around the world, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) apps also becomes an option for people with complex communication disabilities. However, the small icon might make the pointing task more difficult on the small device. This study aimed to explore how the size of icon affects the performance of the pointing icons on the smart phone. Methods: Four children with intellectual disabilities were recruited to participate in a repeated measurement experiment. All the participated children were identified by the local education agent. Two factors design, operating method (one hand and two hands) and size of icon (3*5, 4*6, and 5*7), was adopted in this study. Accuracy and speed were used as indicators to represent the performance. Results: The results indicated that the accurate rates were higher when operating in two hands even in executing the tasks with smaller icons. However, the speed of pointing the target icon correctly was not significant difference between operating methods. One the other hand, generally, bigger icon gained higher accuracy and speed. Conclusion: The popular AAC app in typical handheld multi touch device usually adopt grilled layout design. Size of icons is one of the major considerations for designing layout. The results indicated that with the size decreased, the accuracy and speed decreased. Meanwhile two hands operating method could help the children with intellectual disabilities to perform higher accuracy.}},
    author = {Chen, Ming C. and Li, Long S. and Lo, Hui S. and Ko, Chien C.},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13319226},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {chen_14_performance_979499.jpg; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13319226/979499/chen_14_performance_979499.jpg; 666400a9f95c78f1d3b3c169ccef8615b27d70f1},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=261},
    date-added = {2014-08-08 16:09:07},
    day = {22},
    file = {chen_14_performance_979499.jpg},
    howpublished = {Poster},
    institution = {I},
    keywords = {access, apps, isaac-2014, mobile-devices, otaccess, poster, task-performance, willw, *file-import-14-08-08},
    month = jul,
    organization = {ISAAC},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {National Taiwan Normal University},
    title = {{The Performance of Operating AAC App on Smart Phone for Children with Intellectual Disabilities}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=261},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318301,
    abstract = {{Exploring how to understand any AAC approach can be aided by insight into the word/language production experience of typical populations. Numerous models of language generation, both serial and constructionist, have been designed and promoted. Such theories typically divide processes into distinctive areas from conceptualization/semantic, lexical/syntactic, phonologic/phonetic, and onto motoric models necessary for articulation. There are various modern word-production models starting with Edward Sapir's Psychological Reality of the Phoneme (1933) to W.J.M. Levelt's serialist approach (1989), and the connectionist approaches described by Dell, Chang, \& Griffin (1999). All of these models understand language production as a word-by-word, function-by-function process with varying degrees of monitoring and feedback. From the field of AAC, itself, the first formal attempt at a model is Lloyd, Quist, \& Windsor (1989) based on Sanders' Aural Rehabilitation (1982). Environmental and gestural issues are present in all face-to-face communications though they are not treated in this paper beyond simple mention. The purpose of the presentation is to examine, speculate, and theorize about the internal linguistic elements of the experiential phenomena of two distinct populations -- typical speakers and augmented speakers. The process of traveling from the concept/preverbal message to the communicative act is discussed. The internal experiential dynamics of lexicon selection and syntax organization will be explored. From there, the authors will theorize further about the internal experiences of two groups of augmented communicators. Video interviews with augmented communicators are shown. The results of these inquiries should be a sharpening of researchers' questions about AAC users' language experiences.}},
    author = {Baker, Bruce and Loncke, Filip and Witkowski, Deborah},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318301},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {baker_levelts_979299.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13318301/979299/baker_levelts_979299.pdf; 0a96bb29ea4bd56918e2890ce782d830add7a3b0},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=227},
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    file = {baker_levelts_979299.pdf},
    keywords = {isaac-2014, semantic-compaction, willw, word-production, wwisaac},
    location = {Lisbon},
    priority = {2},
    title = {{Levelt's Model of Word Production Applied to Augmentative Communication}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=227}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318300,
    abstract = {{Eyegaze technology has been revolutionary to allow numerous individuals to communicate with a level of ease and simplicity that was previously not possible. As an access method to technology it leads to some interesting problems in regards to designing user interfaces for efficient and reliable control of the computing environment. The effect known as the "Midas Touch" problem is a particular area that has caused user interface and computer science much discussion to suggested solutions; however some are seen as more successful (natural and fast) than others. When using an eyegaze system for writing phrases and sentences these challenges are often greater due to the need to check and review text entry; particularly for those with developing literacy. This presentation aims to summarise the published work in this area and discuss suggested solutions in the field, through the use of case studies.}},
    author = {Wade, Will and Dale, Sara},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318300},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {wade_14_eyegaze_979436.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13318300/979436/wade_14_eyegaze_979436.pdf; d10f18c3ba6fbb5502414e2e4ad2eb53301cdce6},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://acecentre.org.uk/isaac-2014-372-eye-gaze-technology-egt-considerations-for-writing-and-implications-for-interface-design},
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    day = {23},
    file = {wade_14_eyegaze_979436.pdf},
    keywords = {access, eyegaze, gui, interfaces, isaac-2014, otaccess, ui, ux, willw, writing, wwisaac},
    location = {Lisbon},
    month = jul,
    organization = {ISAAC},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {ACE Centre},
    title = {{Eyegaze technology; considerations for using in recording and implications for AAC interface design.}},
    url = {http://acecentre.org.uk/isaac-2014-372-eye-gaze-technology-egt-considerations-for-writing-and-implications-for-interface-design},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318299,
    abstract = {{Participants will have a detailed description of the direct AAC service offered to patients in ICU and acute care, based on the Boston Children's Hosptal model of AAC service delivery in ICU. Results from the team's research looking into the impact of this direct AAC service using ASHA's 'Quality of Communication Life' scale will be included. Unique graphic materials in 20 languages and materials to support End of Life discussions will be shown. ICU specific layouts designed for the Grid 2 and also the Proloquo 2 Go app will be demonstrated. These layouts incorporate previous research (ICU Talk) by the Universtity of Dundee. Case studies will be used to demonstrate the value of patients being able to direct their care, report their symptoms, and direct their End of Life and treatment decisions in ICU. The impact of AAC for enhancing social closeness and ensuring a positive emotional legacy for communication partners will be highlighted. The discussion will also include the importance of enabling the human rights of the communication vulnerable population in acute care settings.}},
    author = {Campbell, Fiona and Gill, Jennifer B. and Deegan, Shelley},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318299},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=231},
    comment = {Shelly Deegan.
Hamilton gen hospital. Canada.

Provided seed funding for communication ICU.

 * AAC team became part of the frontline staff.  (Ie direct)
* 10 training sessions  for all ICU staff.
* AAC team hold own wait list
Frontline staff make own assess or refer.
Gen AAC equipment available in wall buckets.
* AAC team monitor equipment loaning charging and maintenance.
12 open cases at all times. Avg 10 patients a month.
*  "Communication vulnerable".
Term helps staff to understand the issues and how the strategies work. If staff aren't comfortable with strategy then patients won't.
*  New symbol for disability in comm. community citation disabilities access Canada.
*  Some typical clients: a trache, abi, cva, mva, pre-existing comm impairement, non-English.
*. Interventions:
Boards \& displays
Hight tech - largely ipad and toughbook.

Client 1:
High spi. Trachea.   Compression at c5 with impact at c3.
No voice because of ett. Facial swelling. Not allowed to move head.
Eyes often closed.

Establish a easy yes/no - eyebrows. Partner assisted scan. The. Used Dundee icutalk. ICU-talk. Built this vocab into a book. Partner assisted scan through this. Put into circular pattern
Then moved to grid2. Tracy's joystick. Bicep and shoulder action on the goal post stick. Required forearm support.

Case 2:
Elderly man Chinese. Used com support board. Chinese layout with symbols.  18 languages avaialable. Translated by real people. Corrected ongoing.

Case 3:
50s man. Abscess on spinal cord post cancer. Quad at c5/c6. No comm. trachey.
Toughbook. ICU-talk vocab. Automatic scanning. Switch on locline. Supinated wrist w switch to left.

Developed their post treatment evaluation and discussion forms on pq2 and grid. Chose not to use treatment and wanted a good death - used device to explain this

Quality of communication life scale. Lots of 1-5 likert. Satisfaction gen does increase post intervention.

All equipment checked by medical tech. Some kit to be used on battery only. No charging within 2 metres of bedside because likely to damage wall sockets of life threatening. No medical class device issues. },
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    day = {21},
    keywords = {aac, icu, isaac-2014, willw, wwisaac},
    month = jul,
    organization = {ISAAC},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada},
    title = {{A direct AAC service in ICU: patient stories and perspectives}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=231},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318298,
    abstract = {{Aim. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology offers a potential communication access method for people with limited or unreliable motor function. As BCI technology matures and is implemented in the home for independent use, researchers should consider the principles of Participatory Action Research and user-centered design, incorporating the expertise, experiences, needs, and opinions of users and their family members and caregivers into design decisions and clinical practice. Patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) measures should be used to ensure that BCI meets the needs of users in the real world. The aim of our work is to solicit feedback from potential BCI users and their family members and paid caregivers, and to develop patient-centered outcomes measures for BCI. Method. Structured interviews were conducted with potential BCI users with severe speech and physical impairment (SSPI), as well as their family members and caregivers. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes. Results. We present common themes related to participants' experiences with and opinions of their current communication methods, and their hopes and concerns about BCI as a communication access method. We discuss plans to design patient-centered outcomes measures for BCI-based communication systems. Conclusion. People with SSPI and their family members and paid caregivers can provide important insight into their needs and wants related to BCI-based communication systems, and their feedback should guide future BCI research and development. Patient-centered outcomes measures should be used to ensure that the needs of BCI users are being met by this technology when it is implemented in the home environment.}},
    author = {Fried-Oken, Melanie and Andresen, Elena and Peters, Betts},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318298},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {fried-oken_14_perspectives_979437.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13318298/979437/fried-oken_14_perspectives_979437.pdf; 9b2b878a321d9842a15dcb495fb9028361c9af5d},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=242},
    comment = {elanie free Olken. Oregon.
Patient perspective on BCI.
Sspi - severe speech and physical impairments.

What do users want from BCI?

Most participants non disabled grad students. Most researchers are engineers.
Goal. Crate a set of proms to help guide development of BCI - it's effectiveness in implementation opinion home use.

Developers should consider PAR. Cornwall \& Jeeves 1995. PCo measures a vital part of this process.

Participants who are testing the RSVP keyboard BCI study. 1-2 interview sessions. 1-2 hours. 1-3 interviewers. Notes transcribed. Thematic analysis.
6 men. 2 women. 4 ALS, 1 cp, 1 md. Range of comm strategies in place. Gen not speaking.
All provided questions in advance and asked to cremate answers in advance and then interviewed on this.
Handout on thumb drive. (Outcomes framework )

There is a need to develop a mock Donegan type of cogain work of user evaluation of BCI for usage. Unlikely to see it as a functional access method for 10 years.
},
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    day = {21},
    file = {fried-oken_14_perspectives_979437.pdf},
    institution = {ISAAC},
    keywords = {aac, bci, evaluation, isaac, isaac-2014, willw, wwisaac},
    month = jul,
    priority = {2},
    title = {{Perspectives of Individuals with SSPI on Brain-Computer Interface and AAC}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=242},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318297,
    abstract = {{Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and access technologies enable people with complex communication needs to communicate and interact with the world around them. Although technology is rapidly advancing and more cost effective systems are commercially available, there is an increasing need to integrate the skills of both clinicians and researchers when developing customized technologies This paper is intended to (a) summarize current clinical and research practices at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, related to the development of AAC technologies for children with complex communication needs; (b) identify enhancements in making effective partnerships between clinical staff and research; and (c) propose a future collaborative direction that will ensure the end product of any customized communication and access technology is a well- designed, sustainable, goal- oriented tool that will maximize a person's fullest potential.}},
    address = {Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hosptial Canada},
    author = {Delarosa, Liz and Robinson, Laurel and Hotze, Fanny and Anantha, Nayana T.},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318297},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {delarosa_14_transforming_979438.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13318297/979438/delarosa_14_transforming_979438.pdf; 33013a9760f1d08ee5629f4c856747e29263b588},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=313},
    comment = {Holland Bloorview
Benefits of clinical driven research.
Children 0-18. Comm and writing aids service. Interdisciplinary teams. Expanded level AAC clinic. Funding : Assistive devices program (nhs for Canada), research grants, family private and charitable donations/third party.
Prism lab. (Ped rehab intelligent systems.) brings together researchers for access innovations.

Two pathways of service delivery. Clinical and research. Tech development is part of both.  Prism would pick up off standard service delivery pathway.
Need: write a paper on how these two service delivery models could work in nhs. Tech development is properly matched to real needs.

There were some problems. Understanding roles of members and abandonment high but less after better collaboration and closer link between the two teams. Lead to enhanced collaboration model.

Max. 6 yr old. Cp. low tech pas. Switches using standard switches unreliable. Explored custom options so referred to prism. Joint tech assessment w research team. Debeloped a smile switch. Decided in the end not reliable. Then researchers developing muscle bvibrwtion switch.

Noah. Vocal switch. Goal to use it to write with clicker. Training.

Essential for researchers to write an transition plan. Researchers provide follow up and support. },
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    day = {21},
    file = {delarosa_14_transforming_979438.pdf},
    keywords = {aac, access, isaac-2014, otaccess, willw, wwisaac},
    month = jul,
    priority = {2},
    title = {{Transforming Care by Leading the System – Supporting Clinically Driven Research When Developing Customized Access Technologies}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=313},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318296,
    abstract = {{An integral component of a language-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system is providing vocabulary typical of fluent native language speakers. In the absence of reliable and valid research on Malay vocabulary for AAC, this descriptive study explored the validation process of vocabulary selection and organization for a 144-location manual communication board. An hour of aided language samples (talking while pointing to a prototype display) followed by self-administered surveys were gathered from four typical native Malay speakers (n=4), aged between 22 to 36 years at the University of Pittsburgh. Vocabulary frequency analysis, word commonality, and overall perceptions and feedback on the prototype display were compiled and analyzed. A total of 1112 word tokens and 450 word types were analyzed to support preliminary validation of the selected vocabulary and word organization of the prototype. Approximately 40\% of the words on the display were used during the interview and the top 20 words were reported. Findings also suggest the importance of morphology and syntax considerations at early design stages. The positive overall perception of the display including vocabulary selection, the cultural and ethnicity appropriateness, and suggestions for system improvement were confirmed by the usability survey. Minimal rearrangement of the icon display needs to be performed to improve the usability of the system. Thus, the study findings support the early Malay manual communication board for AAC intervention. However, the limitation of the sample size and limited exposure using the manual communication board needs an additional research is required to support a final display that optimizes vocabulary and morpho-syntactic organization.}},
    author = {Onwi, Nadwah and Hill, Katya},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318296},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=448},
    comment = {    Based on pixon project. Malay Lang has no gender variationsl. 144 location communication board. A3 paper. Modified Fitzgerald key. Arranged in SVO left to right blocks. Prefixes and suffixes at top and bottom. Do use some of the unity and pixon symbols.

    Perceptions of this recorded. 4 hours of conversation. 1112 words used. Total unique words 450. No nouns on the board. Top morphemes.

    Mostly agreed  that relevant to Malay. Provide positive out-of-the box solution. Ie no training required!
},
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    day = {21},
    keywords = {aac, isaac-2014, isaac-448, semantic-compaction, willw, wwisaac},
    month = jul,
    organization = {ISAAC},
    priority = {2},
    title = {{The Preliminary of Validating Vocabulary Selection and Organization of a Manual Communication Board in Malay.}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=448},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318295,
    abstract = {{Written communication can be a challenge for individuals with complex communication needs (CCN). Finding the most consistent and reliable physical access method that is the least effortful and fatiguing can be a challenge. For individuals with CCN the use of one or more switches with a coded system such as Morse code or the Quadrant Reduction onscreen keyboard can provide access to an alphabet display for independent writing. The use of word prediction can provide further efficiency. This case study will present a comparison between a client's current system, a Quadrant Reduction onscreen keyboard with word prediction accessed by 5 switches (4 switches and an escape switch) and a Morse Code system accessed using 3 switches (dot, dash and enter switch) with word prediction.}},
    author = {Baird, Elizabeth and Mays, Jennifer},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318295},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=496},
    comment = {P is a palindrome.
Case study over time.
Female. 4 yrs. cp. involuntary. Dyskinesia. Unintelligible speech. Ambilantory. Gait unsteady. At preschool. Good literacy for age. But no access to writing.

Used wivik osk quadrant reduction keyboard.
Used 4 switche - q switch for each quadrant. A fifth for escape added later. Gaters.
She was able to do some early writing. Largest scree possible on laptop. Wivik. Ms word. PRc switch interface.
Using word prediction. 17 switch hits to use her name when not in it.

Transferred to integrated school linked to Bloorview. Within 6 months doing writing at home - not school. Elle and the marvellous spider. Just. Turned 5. Quite a story!

 2013. School couldn't keep up worth writing. She would say what colours for a partner to use. Vr not working. Did develop a empathic type switch. Sometime stopped using the switch and asked
8 yrs old. Eye gaze and morse code shown. Really took to it. Week later she said doesn't know all of them. Used the westest darci. Timing component needed to be removed. Took dot dash end of letter for third.

Quad red: 5 switches. 34 hits with word pred - morse - twice as many.
Range if travel - less with morse (42 cm cf 28 cm)
Speed- morse - 5 minutes. 8 minutes with quad red. Feedback aud only with morse.

Using wordq. Msword.
},
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    day = {21},
    keywords = {access, isaac-2014, isaac-496, morse, morse-code, otaccess, willw, wwisaac},
    location = {Lisbon},
    month = jul,
    organization = {ISAAC},
    priority = {2},
    school = {Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Canada},
    title = {{ ” P is a Palindrome”: Case Study Comparing Quadrant Reduction Onscreen Keyboard and Morse Code}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=496},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318294,
    abstract = {{People with progressive neurodegenerative diseases may be superb candidates for recording messages to later incorporate into their AAC technology, allowing personality and authentic projection of self to be expressed with a speech generating device. A model that successfully supports people who are losing their ability to speak to preserve a part of self by using messages in their own voice is detailed. Definitions, tools and strategies will be provided. Case presentations will illustrate process, technologies, protocols and functional clinical outcomes.}},
    author = {Costello, John and Dimery, Kaytie},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318294},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {costello_14_preserving_979449.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13318294/979449/costello_14_preserving_979449.pdf; 4e63a2c638023330aca8b21b6a7d171b674ceb62},
    citeulike-attachment-2 = {costello_14_preserving_979439.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13318294/979439/costello_14_preserving_979439.pdf; 9289c71cb1035cb833d25e46cf9d1690c09a9bb3},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=52},
    comment = {an download the entire handout from acpch Facebook page. http://www.facebook.com/ACPCHBoston Also download Boston children hospital guidelines for comm partners. all jazeera did a news piece at johns hospital on voice banking. \#ajtechnow how do you get people to message bank? We say to people - our goal is to show and tell you things and strategies that you hopefully never need (ie waste your time!). However wee would so prefer you to be a part of this than not. That do it way before and have the knowledge of what they like and dint like (eg access methods etc). Modal talker being used most often alongside phrases. Roger ebert. A 11 yr old voice banked a weird seagull sound. When pressed his whole family repeated it back. Some things are ok in synthetic speech. Some isn't. Eg I love you. Versus I'm thirsty. Messages should be a truly reflection of who you are. Eg sure in lots of diff into nations. Perronsl care list recorded. The message reads aloud the message then she makes a eyebrow movement to say "this one". Like a aud scan but the user! V few people write down the things that they end up working out unintelligible speech. Boxed page of words. Never as just yes no. Also ass "something else"! Don't record for today's technology. Highest quality recording. Bank now select platform later. Ideas Vocal play with children Loving messages. Dignity statements ("I understand everything") Use vocab lists as a way of directing through categories and types of words/phrases. Typical session approx 2 hours. Lots of counselling. Many folk leave with the thought "this is going to be fun". *research idea. The therapeutic benefits to care embers and family members of recorded messages. * Messages to talk to dog. Brilliant. Jcs life changing moment. Singing a song! Best part of singing that song aloud is not hearing it - or others reaction - but my laughing. Also made sure recorded the selves laughing r importsnt. Tech isn't always the answer. Flip charts. So useful. Practical considerations. 100s of wav files. How do you combine carrier phrases with synthesised nouns/words. DynaVox series 5. Tobii communicator. Also MyTalk on iOS Predictable isnt good. It doesn't do both.},
    date-added = {2014-08-07 16:31:29},
    day = {21},
    institution = {ISAAC},
    keywords = {aac, isaac-2014, isaac-52, message-banking, willw, wwisaac},
    location = {Lisbon},
    month = jul,
    organization = {Boston Children's Hospital},
    priority = {2},
    title = {{Preserving Legacy: A Guide to Message Banking in a Patient's Voice}},
    url = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=52},
    year = {2014}
}

@inproceedings{citeulike:13318293,
    abstract = {{This study observed and analyzed the eye movement patterns that are involved while searching for symbols. This in turn could help to better understand how to organize symbols in speech-generating devices (SGD) and allow for a more efficient communication. Thirty undergraduate university students participated in this study. Students were presented with 120 trials where they were asked to locate a symbol within a grid of 16 symbols (4 by 4 interfaces). The symbol grids were created using Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) from the Boardmaker ® Plus! Program. Eye movements were captured using the EyeLink II system from SR Research Ltd. Company. Eye movements were analyzed using the EyeLink Data Viewer program (SR Research Ltd. Company). The analysis showed that the cells in the center of the grid were more successful in providing accurate selection, a faster reaction time, longer fixation rates, higher numbers of fixation and higher probability of being fixated. Whereas the 4th row (bottom) was less successful and obtained the opposite end of these results. The results of this study confirmed that the location and placement of a symbol is important for augmentative and alternative communication. Results of this study could help with the organization of symbols within an SGD and could allow for faster and more accurate communication by the user. For example, placing higher frequency symbols in the center of a grid and then placing lower frequency symbols or trained symbols in bottom row. Preliminary results observed in children will also be presented.}},
    author = {Perrin, Maxine and Robillard, Manon and Roy-Charland, Annie},
    booktitle = {ISAAC 2014},
    citeulike-article-id = {13318293},
    citeulike-attachment-1 = {perrin_14_where_979440.pdf; /pdf/user/acecentre/article/13318293/979440/perrin_14_where_979440.pdf; e89a90c27995a17bd6e79e2d4448c13cfa4175c5},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://openconf.faiddsolutions.com/modules/request.php?module=oc\_program\&\#38;action=summary.php\&\#38;id=129},
    comment = {Canadian. An individual can say 150 words per minute. When AAC it's much slower.
Observe and analyse eye movements during a symbol task.
Focusing on fixations.
30 undergrad students. Eyelink2. 120 grids with 16 symbols. Pcs. No text. 30 minutes. Find "word dog". The presented with grid screen. Clicking with mouse. After each selection a drift correction analysed.

Accuracy. Reaction time fixation durations and port of fixations.

Accuracy. Divide the times of accurate cell. Y number of times shown. Bottom accurate always less accurate.
First and third row most accurate.
Reaction time. Bottom row most slow. 1634 ms

repository: ritenv/ace-search-engine

repo_name: ritenv/ace-search-engine