text:
7-29 19:44:42 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Huynh-2010-Practical%20Assessment%20Research%20%20&%20Evaluation_Use%20of%20Robust%20z%20in%20D.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4185},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lewis:2005p2331,
author = {J B Lewis and D A Linzer},
journal = {Political Analysis},
title = {Estimating Regression Models in Which the Dependent Variable Is Based on Estimates},
abstract = {Researchers often use as dependent variables quantities estimated from auxiliary data sets. Estimated dependent variable (EDV) models arise, for example, in studies where counties or states are the units of analysis and the dependent variable is an estimated mean, proportion, or regression coefficient. Scholars fitting EDV models have generally recognized that variation in the sampling variance of the observations on the dependent variable will induce heteroscedasticity. We show that the most common approach to this problem, weighted least squares, will usually lead to inefficient estimates and underestimated standard errors. In many cases, OLS with White's or Efron heteroscedastic consistent standard errors yields better results. We also suggest two simple alternative FGLS approaches that are more efficient and yield consistent standard error estimates. Finally, we apply the various alternative estimators to a replication of Cohen's (2004) cross-national study of presidential approval.},
pages = {345--364},
volume = {13},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-10 13:14:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 13:14:53 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/pan/mpi026},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lewis-2005-Political%20Analysis_Estimating%20Regressio.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2331},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Murrell:2001p2769,
author = {P Murrell},
journal = {DSC 2001 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Statistical Computing},
title = {R Lattice Graphics},
abstract = {Lattice is an add-on package or library for the R statistical computing en- vironment. It provides an alternative set of user-level functions for producing graphical output. Compared to the base R graphical functions, the Lattice functions provide greater control over the specification of where graphical output appears on the page. In addition, Lattice graphics functions return graphical objects, which may be used to interactively edit the graphical out- put.},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-13 14:26:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 14:26:35 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Murrell-2001-DSC%202001%20Proceedings%20of%20the%202nd%20International%20Workshop%20on%20Distributed%20Statistical%20Computing_R%20Lattice%20Graphics.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2769},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Landauer:2004,
author = {T K Landauer and D Laham and M Derr},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA},
title = {From paragraph to graph: latent semantic analysis for information visualization},
abstract = {Most techniques for relating textual information rely on intellectually created links such as author-chosen keywords and titles, authority indexing terms, or bibliographic citations. Similarity of the semantic content of whole documents, rather than just titles, abstracts, or overlap of keywords, offers an attractive alternative. Latent semantic analysis provides an effective dimension reduction method for the purpose that reflects synonymy and the sense of arbitrary word combinations. However, latent semantic analysis correlations with human text-to-text similarity judgments are often empirically highest at approximately 300 dimensions. Thus, two- or three-dimensional visualizations are severely limited in what they can show, and the first and/or second automatically discovered principal component, or any three such for that matter, rarely capture all of the relations that might be of interest. It is our conjecture that linguistic meaning is intrinsically and irreducibly very high dimensional. Thus, some method to explore a high dimensional similarity space is needed. But the 2.7 x 10(7) projections and infinite rotations of, for example, a 300-dimensional pattern are impossible to examine. We suggest, however, that the use of a high dimensional dynamic viewer with an effective projection pursuit routine and user control, coupled with the exquisite abilities of the human visual system to extract information about objects and from moving patterns, can often succeed in discovering multiple revealing views that are missed by current computational algorithms. We show some examples of the use of latent semantic analysis to support such visualizations and offer views on future needs.},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {5214--5219},
volume = {101},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Landauer-2004-Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20USA_From%20paragraph%20to%20gr.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2214},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ramasundarahettige:2009p6907,
author = {Chinthanie F Ramasundarahettige and Allan Donner and G Y Zou},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Confidence interval construction for a difference between two dependent intraclass correlation coefficients},
abstract = {Inferences for the difference between two dependent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) may arise in studies in which a sample of subjects are each assessed several times with a new device and a standard. The ICC estimates for the two devices may then be compared using a test of significance. However, a confidence interval for a difference between two ICCs is more informative since it combines point estimation and hypothesis testing into a single inference statement. We propose a procedure that uses confidence limits for a single ICC to recover variance estimates needed to set confidence limits for the difference. An advantage of this approach is that it provides a confidence interval that reflects the underlying sampling distribution. Simulation results show that this method performs very well in terms of overall coverage percentage and tail errors. Two data sets are used to illustrate this procedure.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada N6A 5C1.},
number = {7},
pages = {1041--53},
volume = {28},
year = {2009},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Clinical Trials as Topic, Confidence Intervals, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Models: Statistical, Reproducibility of Results},
date-added = {2010-03-06 12:22:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 12:22:31 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.3523},
pmid = {19142855},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ramasundarahettige-2009-Stat%20Med_Confidence%20interval.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6907},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hwang:2009p13734,
author = {H Hwang and Y Takane},
title = {Nonlinear Generalized Structured Component Analysis},
abstract = {Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) represents component- based structural equation modeling. Currently, GSCA is geared only for the analysis of quantitative data. In this paper, GSCA is extended to deal with qualitative data through data transformation. In particular, the optimal scaling approach is adopted for data transformation as it can be readily coupled with the GSCA estimation procedure. An alternating least-squares algorithm is developed that involves two phases for estimation of model and data parameters. Two empirical applications are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-07-24 11:38:46 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-24 11:39:33 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hwang-2009-_Nonlinear%20Generalize.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13734},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Barnett:2009p818,
author = {J H Barnett and J W Smoller},
journal = {Neuroscience},
title = {The genetics of bipolar disorder},
abstract = {Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by impairing episodes of mania and depression. Twin studies have established that bipolar disorder is among the most heritable of medical disorders and efforts to identify specific susceptibility genes have intensified over the past two decades. The search for genes influencing bipolar disorder has been complicated by a paucity of animal models, limited understanding of pathogenesis, and the genetic and phenotypic complexity of the syndrome. Linkage studies have implicated several chromosomal regions as harboring relevant genes, but results have been inconsistent. It is now widely accepted that the genetic liability to bipolar disorder reflects the action of many genes of individually small effect, a scenario for which linkage studies are poorly suited. Thus, association studies, which are more powerful for the detection of modest effect loci, have become the focus of gene-finding research. A large number of candidate genes, including biological candidates derived from hypotheses about the pathogenesis of the disorder and positional candidates derived from linkage and cytogenetic studies, have been evaluated. Several of these genes have been associated with the disorder in independent studies (including BDNF, DAOA, DISC1, GRIK4, SLC6A4, and TPH2), but none has been established. The clinical heterogeneity of bipolar disorder and its phenotypic and genetic overlap with other disorders (especially schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and major depressive disorder) have raised questions about the optimal phenotype definition for genetic studies. Nevertheless, genomewide association analysis, which has successfully identified susceptibility genes for a variety of complex disorders, has begun to implicate specific genes for bipolar disorder (DGKH, CACNA1C, ANK3). The polygenicity of the disorder means that very large samples will be needed to detect the modest effect loci that likely contribute to bipolar disorder. Detailed genetic dissection of the disorder may provide novel targets (both pharmacologic and psychosocial) for intervention.},
affiliation = {Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.},
number = {1},
pages = {331--43},
volume = {164},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-03 17:25:56 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 17:25:56 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.080},
pii = {S0306-4522(09)00576-4},
pmid = {19358880},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p818},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Austin:2010p6559,
author = {Peter C Austin},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Absolute risk reductions, relative risks, relative risk reductions, and numbers needed to treat can be obtained from a logistic regression model},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Logistic regression models are frequently used in cohort studies to determine the association between treatment and dichotomous outcomes in the presence of confounding variables. In a logistic regression model, the association between exposure and outcome is measured using the odds ratio (OR). The OR can be difficult to interpret and only approximates the relative risk (RR) in certain restrictive settings. Several authors have suggested that for dichotomous outcomes, RRs, RR reductions, absolute risk reductions, and the number needed to treat (NNT) are more clinically meaningful measures of treatment effect. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We describe a method for deriving clinically meaningful measures of treatment effect from a logistic regression model. This method involves determining the probability of the outcome if each subject in the cohort was treated and if each subject was untreated. These probabilities are then averaged across the study cohort to determine the average probability of the outcome in the population if all subjects were treated and if they were untreated. RESULTS: Risk differences, RRs, and NNTs were derived using a logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically meaningful measures of effect can be derived from a logistic regression model in a cohort study. These methods can also be used in randomized controlled trials when logistic regression is used to adjust for possible imbalance in prognostically important baseline covariates.},
affiliation = {Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada. peter.austin@ices.on.ca},
number = {1},
pages = {2--6},
volume = {63},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-02-24 20:36:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-24 20:36:55 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.11.004},
pii = {S0895-4356(08)00316-8},
pmid = {19230611},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Austin-2010-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Absolute%20risk%20reduct.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6559},
rating = {0}
}

@article{AnkraBadu:2010p11343,
author = {Georgina A Ankra-Badu and Daniel Shriner and Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval and Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Pitel and Catherine Beaumont and Michel J Duclos and Jean Simon and Tom E Porter and Alain Vignal and Larry A Cogburn and David B Allison and Nengjun Yi and Samuel E Aggrey},
journal = {BMC Genomics},
title = {Mapping main, epistatic and sex-specific QTL for body composition in a chicken population divergently selected for low or high growth rate},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Delineating the genetic basis of body composition is important to agriculture and medicine. In addition, the incorporation of gene-gene interactions in the statistical model provides further insight into the genetic factors that underlie body composition traits. We used Bayesian model selection to comprehensively map main, epistatic and sex-specific QTL in an F2 reciprocal intercross between two chicken lines divergently selected for high or low growth rate. RESULTS: We identified 17 QTL with main effects across 13 chromosomes and several sex-specific and sex-antagonistic QTL for breast meat yield, thigh + drumstick yield and abdominal fatness. Different sets of QTL were found for both breast muscles [Pectoralis (P) major and P. minor], which suggests that they could be controlled by different regulatory mechanisms. Significant interactions of QTL by sex allowed detection of sex-specific and sex-antagonistic QTL for body composition and abdominal fat. We found several female-specific P. major QTL and sex-antagonistic P. minor and abdominal fatness QTL. Also, several QTL on different chromosomes interact with each other to affect body composition and abdominal fatness. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of main effects, epistasis and sex-dimorphic QTL suggest complex genetic regulation of somatic growth. An understanding of such regulatory mechanisms is key to mapping specific genes that underlie QTL controlling somatic growth in an avian model.},
affiliation = {Department of Poultry Science/Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.},
pages = {107},
volume = {11},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-04-26 23:07:24 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:20:00 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2164-11-107},
pii = {1471-2164-11-107},
pmid = {20149241},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ankra-Badu-2010-BMC%20Genomics_Mapping%20main%20epista.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11343},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Borsboom:2006p5505,
author = {D Borsboom},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {The attack of the psychometricians},
abstract = {This paper analyzes the theoretical, pragmatic, and substantive factors that have hampered the integration between psychology and psychometrics. Theoretical factors include the operationalist mode of thinking which is common throughout psychology, the dominance of classical test theory, and the use of ``construct validity'' as a catch-all category for a range of challenging psychometric problems. Pragmatic factors include the lack of interest in mathematically precise thinking in psychology, inadequate representation of psychometric modeling in major statistics programs, and insufficient mathematical training in the psychological curriculum. Substantive factors relate to the absence of psychological theories that are sufficiently strong to motivate the structure of psychometric models. Following the identification of these problems, a number of promising recent developments are discussed, and suggestions are made to further the integration of psychology and psychometrics.},
number = {3},
pages = {425--440},
volume = {71},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-02-12 14:49:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 14:51:07 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s11336-006-1447-6},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Borsboom-2006-Psychometrika_The%20attack%20of%20the%20ps-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5505},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cohen:1994p7065,
author = {J Cohen},
journal = {American Psychologist},
title = {The earth is round (p<.05)},
number = {12},
pages = {997--1003},
volume = {49},
year = {1994},
date-added = {2010-03-06 20:09:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 20:10:06 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cohen-1994-American%20Psychologist_The%20earth%20is%20round.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7065},
rating = {4}
}

@techreport{Monseur:2007,
author = {C Monseur and H Sibbens and D Hastedt},
journal = {Techreport},
title = {Equating errors in international surveys in education},
affiliation = {IEA Data Processing Center},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Monseur-2007-Techreport_Equating%20errors%20in%20i.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2035},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Batki:2009p7873,
author = {Steven L Batki and Kelly M Canfield and Emily Smyth and Robert Ploutz-Snyder},
journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},
title = {Health-related quality of life in methadone maintenance patients with untreated hepatitis C virus infection},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with untreated chronic HCV infection and to determine the clinical factors that predict HRQOL. METHOD: HRQOL was measured in 100 MMT patients entering an HCV treatment trial. Subjects were mostly male (61%) and white (81%) with a mean age of 43 (+/-10). 57% had a current non-substance use psychiatric disorder. 55% had a current (past 12 months) substance use disorder, including 44% with current opioid or cocaine abuse/dependence. HRQOL in our sample was compared to published reports for the general population as well as for non-MMT HCV patients. To assess predictors of SF-36 HRQOL, hierarchical multiple regression techniques were used to assess model improvement with four blocks of baseline predictors: Demographics, Medical Severity, Addiction Severity, and Depression Severity. RESULTS: HRQOL scores were significantly lower than scores for the general population and were also lower than scores reported for untreated HCV patients not in MMT. Regression analysis demonstrated a consistent pattern whereby Depression Severity increased predictive accuracy for HRQOL measures over simpler models. Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly predicted quality of life across both the mental and physical composite scores and all eight sub-scales of the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated HCV patients in MMT had lower HRQOL than HCV patients not in MMT. Depression Severity was associated with significantly lower quality of life measures, suggesting that psychiatric evaluation and intervention prior to the start of HCV treatment may improve overall quality of life and could influence HCV treatment outcomes in MMT patients.},
affiliation = {University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, and San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St. (116P), San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. steven.batki@ucsf.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {176--82},
volume = {101},
year = {2009},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Methadone, Viral Load, Substance-Related Disorders, Severity of Illness Index, Quality of Life, Continental Population Groups, Hepatitis C, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Ethnic Groups, Depression, Questionnaires, Adult, Random Allocation, Humans, Health Status, Mental Health},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:14:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:14:16 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.012},
pii = {S0376-8716(09)00017-9},
pmid = {19233573},
URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T63-4VP12HP-2&_user=10&_coverDate=05%252F01%252F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=75eee685c0deebd8490897c70609242a},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7873},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Feeney:2006p7285,
author = {G F X Feeney and J P Connor and R McD Young and J Tucker and A McPherson},
journal = {Addict Behav},
title = {Improvement in measures of psychological distress amongst amphetamine misusers treated with brief cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)},
abstract = {This trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) based amphetamine abstinence program (n=507) focused on refusal self-efficacy, improved coping, improved problem solving and planning for relapse prevention. Measures included the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS), the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and Amphetamine Refusal Self-Efficacy. Psychiatric case identification (caseness) across the four GHQ-28 sub-scales was compared with Australian normative data. Almost 90% were amphetamine-dependent (SDS 8.15+/-3.17). Pre-treatment, all GHQ-28 sub-scale measures were below reported Australian population values. Caseness was substantially higher than Australian normative values {Somatic Symptoms (52.3%), Anxiety (68%), Social Dysfunction (46.5%) and Depression (33.7%)}. One hundred and sixty-eight subjects (33%) completed and reported program abstinence. Program completers reported improvement across all GHQ-28 sub-scales {Somatic Symptoms (p<0.001), Anxiety (p<0.001), Social Dysfunction (p<0.001) and Depression (p<0.001)}. They also reported improvement in amphetamine refusal self-efficacy (p<0.001). Improvement remained significant following intention-to-treat analyses, imputing baseline data for subjects that withdrew from the program. The GHQ-28 sub-scales, Amphetamine Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the SDS successfully predicted treatment compliance through a discriminant analysis function (p<.001).},
affiliation = {Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia. Gerald_Feeney@health.qld.gov.au},
number = {10},
pages = {1833--43},
volume = {31},
year = {2006},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Stress: Psychological, Patient Compliance, Female, Adult, Humans, Cognitive Therapy, Adaptation: Psychological, Male, Self Disclosure, Treatment Outcome, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Aged, Middle Aged},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:16:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:12:35 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.026},
pii = {S0306-4603(05)00319-9},
pmid = {16431030},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Feeney-2006-Addict%20Behav_Improvement%20in%20measu.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7285},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wolf:1988,
author = {PA Wolf and RB D'Agostino and WB Kannel and R Bonita and AJ Belanger},
journal = {JAMA},
title = {Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke. The Framingham Study},
abstract = {The impact of cigarette smoking on stroke incidence was assessed in the Framingham Heart Study cohort of 4255 men and women who were aged 36 to 68 years and free of stroke and transient ischemic attacks. During 26 years of follow-up, 459 strokes occurred. Regardless of smoking status and in each sex, hypertensive subjects had twice the incidence of stroke. Using the Cox proportional hazard regression method, smoking was significantly related to stroke after age and hypertension were taken into account. Even after pertinent cardiovascular disease risk factors were added to the Cox model, cigarette smoking continued to make a significant independent contribution to the risk of stroke generally and brain infarction specifically. The risk of stroke increased as the number of cigarettes smoked increased. The relative risk of stroke in heavy smokers (greater than 40 cigarettes per day) was twice that of light smokers (fewer than ten cigarettes per day). Lapsed smokers developed stroke at the same level as nonsmokers soon after stopping. Stroke risk decreased significantly by two years and was at the level of nonsmokers by five years after cessation of cigarette smoking.},
number = {7},
pages = {1025--1029},
volume = {259},
year = {1988},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:00:58 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1073},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Borsboom:2002p5506,
author = {D Borsboom and G J Mellenbergh},
journal = {Intelligence},
title = {True scores, latent variables, and constructs: A comment on Schmidt and Hunter},
abstract = {This paper comments on an article by Schmidt and Hunter [Intelligence 27 (1999) 183.], who argue that the correction for attenuation should be routinely used in theory testing. It is maintained that Schmidt and Hunter's arguments are based on mistaken assumptions. We discuss our critique of Schmidt and Hunter in terms of two arguments against a routine use of the correction for attenuation within the classical test theory framework: (1) corrected correlations do not, as Schmidt and Hunter claim, provide correlations between constructs, and (2) corrections for measurement error should be made using modern test theory models instead of the classical model. The arguments that Schmidt and Hunter advance in favor of the correction for attenuation can be traced to an implicit identification of true scores with construct scores. First, we show that this identification confounds issues of validity and issues of reliability. Second, it is pointed out that equating true scores with construct scores is logically inconsistent with the classical test theory model itself. Third, it is argued that the classical model is not suited for detecting the dimensionality of test scores, which severely limits the interpretation of the corrected correlation coefficients. It is concluded that most measurement problems in psychology concern issues of validity, and that the correction for attenuation within classical test theory does not help in solving them.},
pages = {505--514},
volume = {30},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-02-12 14:52:07 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:29:16 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Borsboom-2002-Intelligence_True%20scores%20latent.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5506},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Lindstrom:2009p10192,
author = {Kara M Lindstrom and Amanda E Guyer and Karin Mogg and Brendan P Bradley and Nathan A Fox and Monique Ernst and Eric E Nelson and Ellen Leibenluft and Jennifer C Britton and Christopher S Monk and Daniel S Pine and Yair Bar-Haim},
journal = {Brain Res},
title = {Normative data on development of neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying attention orienting toward social-emotional stimuli: an exploratory study},
abstract = {The ability of positive and negative facial signals to influence attention orienting is crucial to social functioning. Given the dramatic developmental change in neural architecture supporting social function, positive and negative facial cues may influence attention orienting differently in relatively young or old individuals. However, virtually no research examines such age-related differences in the neural circuitry supporting attention orienting to emotional faces. We examined age-related correlations in attention-orienting biases to positive and negative face emotions in a healthy sample (N=37; 9-40 years old) using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a dot-probe task. The dot-probe task in an fMRI setting yields both behavioral and neural indices of attention biases towards or away from an emotional cue (happy or angry face). In the full sample, angry-face attention bias scores did not correlate with age, and age did not correlate with brain activation to angry faces. However, age did positively correlate with attention bias towards happy faces; age also negatively correlated with left cuneus and left caudate activation to a happy bias fMRI contrast. Secondary analyses suggested age-related changes in attention bias to happy faces. The tendency in younger children to direct attention away from happy faces (relative to neutral faces) was diminished in the older age groups, in tandem with increasing neural deactivation. Implications for future work on developmental changes in attention-emotion processing are discussed.},
affiliation = {Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2670, USA. lindstrk@mail.nih.gov},
pages = {61--70},
volume = {1292},
year = {2009},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Attention, Cues, Female, Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Child, Emotions, Male, Adolescent, Photic Stimulation, Facial Expression, Young Adult, Humans, Brain, Social Perception, Adolescent Development, Child Development, Aging, Adult, Brain Mapping},
date-added = {2010-04-01 18:16:01 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:52 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.045},
pii = {S0006-8993(09)01479-6},
pmid = {19631626},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lindstrom-2009-Brain%20Res_Normative%20data%20on%20de.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10192},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dell:2008p2334,
author = {Gary S Dell and Alfonso Caramazza},
journal = {Cogn Neuropsychol},
title = {Introduction to special issue on computational modelling in cognitive neuropsychology},
affiliation = {University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.},
number = {2},
pages = {131--5},
volume = {25},
year = {2008},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Cognition Disorders, Neural Networks (Computer), Brain, Neuropsychological Tests},
date-added = {2010-01-10 13:18:43 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 13:18:43 +0100},
doi = {10.1080/02643290802000683},
pii = {793768502},
pmid = {18568815},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dell-2008-Cogn%20Neuropsychol_Introduction%20to%20spec.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2334},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sourial:2009p11511,
author = {Nadia Sourial and Christina Wolfson and Bin Zhu and Jacqueline Quail and John Fletcher and Sathya Karunananthan and Karen Bandeen-Roche and Fran{\c c}ois B{\'e}land and Howard Bergman},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Correspondence analysis is a useful tool to uncover the relationships among categorical variables},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Correspondence analysis (CA) is a multivariate graphical technique designed to explore the relationships among categorical variables. Epidemiologists frequently collect data on multiple categorical variables with the goal of examining associations among these variables. Nevertheless, CA appears to be an underused technique in epidemiology. The objective of this article is to present the utility of CA in an epidemiological context. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The theory and interpretation of CA in the case of two and more than two variables are illustrated through two examples. RESULTS: The outcome from CA is a graphical display of the rows and columns of a contingency table that is designed to permit visualization of the salient relationships among the variable responses in a low-dimensional space. Such a representation reveals a more global picture of the relationships among row-column pairs, which would otherwise not be detected through a pairwise analysis. CONCLUSION: When the study variables of interest are categorical, CA is an appropriate technique to explore the relationships among variable response categories and can play a complementary role in analyzing epidemiological data.},
affiliation = {Solidage Research Group, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-05-01 17:33:28 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-01 17:33:32 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.008},
pii = {S0895-4356(09)00237-6},
pmid = {19896800},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sourial-2009-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Correspondence%20analy.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11511},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Cook:2007p10853,
author = {Karon F Cook and Cayla R Teal and Jakob B Bjorner and David Cella and Chih-Hung Chang and Paul K Crane and Laura E Gibbons and Ron D Hays and Colleen A McHorney and Katja Ocepek-Welikson and Anastasia E Raczek and Jeanne A Teresi and Bryce B Reeve},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {IRT health outcomes data analysis project: an overview and summary},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In June 2004, the National Cancer Institute and the Drug Information Association co-sponsored the conference, "Improving the Measurement of Health Outcomes through the Applications of Item Response Theory (IRT) Modeling: Exploration of Item Banks and Computer-Adaptive Assessment." A component of the conference was presentation of a psychometric and content analysis of a secondary dataset. OBJECTIVES: A thorough psychometric and content analysis was conducted of two primary domains within a cancer health-related quality of life (HRQOL) dataset. RESEARCH DESIGN: HRQOL scales were evaluated using factor analysis for categorical data, IRT modeling, and differential item functioning analyses. In addition, computerized adaptive administration of HRQOL item banks was simulated, and various IRT models were applied and compared. SUBJECTS: The original data were collected as part of the NCI-funded Quality of Life Evaluation in Oncology (Q-Score) Project. A total of 1,714 patients with cancer or HIV/AIDS were recruited from 5 clinical sites. MEASURES: Items from 4 HRQOL instruments were evaluated: Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System-Short Form, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Four lessons learned from the project are discussed: the importance of good developmental item banks, the ambiguity of model fit results, the limits of our knowledge regarding the practical implications of model misfit, and the importance in the measurement of HRQOL of construct definition. With respect to these lessons, areas for future research are suggested. The feasibility of developing item banks for broad definitions of health is discussed.},
affiliation = {Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA. karonc2@u.washington.edu},
pages = {121--32},
volume = {16 Suppl 1},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Health Status, Psychometrics, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Software, Stress: Psychological, Female, Data Interpretation: Statistical, HIV Infections, Humans, Quality of Life, Neoplasms, Male, Questionnaires},
date-added = {2010-04-10 03:34:05 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-007-9177-5},
pmid = {17351824},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cook-2007-Qual%20Life%20Res_IRT%20health%20outcomes.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10853},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Perry:2008p11963,
author = {Jennifer L Perry and Marilyn E Carroll},
journal = {Psychopharmacology (Berl)},
title = {The role of impulsive behavior in drug abuse},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has recently been recognized as a factor contributing to enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse. OBJECTIVES: In the present review, we focus on two facets of impulsivity (and tasks that measure them): (1) impulsive choice (delay discounting task) and (2) inhibitory failure (go/no-go, stop signal reaction time, and five-choice serial reaction time tasks). We also describe how performance on each of these tasks is associated with drug-related behavior during phases of drug abuse that capture the essential features of addiction (acquisition, escalation, and reinstatement of drug-seeking after drug access has terminated). Three hypotheses (H) regarding the relationship between impulsivity and drug abuse are discussed: (1) increased levels of impulsivity lead to drug abuse (H1), (2) drugs of abuse increase impulsivity (H2), and (3) impulsivity and drug abuse are associated through a common third factor (H3). CONCLUSION: Impulsivity expressed as impulsive choice or inhibitory failure plays a role in several key transition phases of drug abuse. There is evidence to support all three nonexclusive hypotheses. Increased levels of impulsivity lead to acquisition of drug abuse (H1) and subsequent escalation or dysregulation of drug intake. Drugs of abuse may increase impulsivity (H2), which is an additional contributor to escalation/dysregulation. Abstinence, relapse, and treatment may be influenced by both H1 and H2. In addition, there is a relationship between impulsivity and other drug abuse vulnerability factors, such as sex, hormonal status, reactivity to nondrug rewards, and early environmental experiences that may impact drug intake during all phases of addiction (H3). Relating drug abuse and impulsivity in phases of addiction via these three hypotheses provides a heuristic model from which future experimental questions can be addressed.},
affiliation = {Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, S-3, 860, 914 South 8th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA. perry050@umm.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {1--26},
volume = {200},
year = {2008},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Risk Factors, Task Performance and Analysis, Impulsive Behavior, Behavior: Addictive, Animals, Reward, Inhibition (Psychology), Sex Factors, Reaction Time, Substance-Related Disorders},
date-added = {2010-05-23 17:17:34 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 17:17:39 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s00213-008-1173-0},
pmid = {18600315},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Perry-2008-Psychopharmacology%20(Berl)_The%20role%20of%20impulsiv.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11963},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Saucier:1996p13846,
author = {G Saucier and L R Goldberg},
title = {The Language af Personality: Lexical Perspectives on the Five-Factor Model},
year = {1996},
date-added = {2010-07-29 17:22:06 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 17:22:59 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Saucier-1996-_The%20Language%20af%20Pers.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13846},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Liu:2008p1567,
author = {J Liu and O Demirci and V D Calhoun},
journal = {IEEE Signal Processing Letters},
title = {A Parallel Independent Component Analysis
Approach to Investigate Genomic Influence
on Brain Function},
abstract = {Relationships between genomic data and functional brain images are of great interest but require new analysis ap- proaches to integrate the high-dimensional data types. This letter presents an extension of a technique called parallel independent component analysis (paraICA), which enables the joint analysis of multiple modalities including interconnections between them. We extend our earlier work by allowing for multiple interconnections and by providing important overfitting controls. Performance was assessed by simulations under different conditions, and indicated reliable results can be extracted by properly balancing overfitting and underfitting. An application to functional magnetic resonance images and single nucleotide polymorphism array produced inter- esting findings.},
pages = {413--416},
volume = {15},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:53:13 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 16:54:51 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Liu-2008-IEEE%20Signal%20Processing%20Letters_A%20Parallel%20Independe.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1567},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vanGinkel:2010p6244,
author = {J R van Ginkel and K Sijtsma and L Andries van der Ark and J K Vermunt},
journal = {Methodology},
title = {Incidence of Missing Item Scores in Personality Measurement, and Simple Item-Score Imputation},
abstract = {The focus of this study was the incidence of different kinds of missing-data problems in personality research and the handling of these problems. Missing-data problems were reported in approximately half of more than 800 articles published in three leading personality journals. In these articles, unit nonresponse, attrition, and planned missingness were distinguished but missing item scores in trait measurement were reported most frequently. Listwise deletion was the most frequently used method for handling all missing-data problems. Listwise deletion is known to reduce the accuracy of parameter estimates and the power of statistical tests and often to produce biased statistical analysis results. This study proposes a simple alternative method for handling missing item scores, known as two-way imputation, which leaves the sample size intact and has been shown to produce almost unbiased results based on multi-item questionnaire data.},
number = {1},
pages = {17--30},
volume = {6},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-02-19 21:20:16 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:42:55 +0200},
doi = {10.1027/1614-2241/a000003},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20Ginkel-2010-Methodology_Incidence%20of%20Missing.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6244},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Yu:2005,
author = {C H Yu and S E O Popp},
journal = {Practical Assessment Research {\&} Evaluation},
title = {Test Equating by Common Items and Common Subjects: Concepts and Applications},
number = {4},
volume = {10},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:09 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:44:42 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Yu-2005-Practical%20Assessment%20Research%20%20&%20Evaluation_Test%20Equating%20by%20Com.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2047},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kimmel:2007p3359,
author = {Gad Kimmel and Michael I Jordan and Eran Halperin and Ron Shamir and Richard M Karp},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
title = {A randomization test for controlling population stratification in whole-genome association studies},
abstract = {Population stratification can be a serious obstacle in the analysis of genomewide association studies. We propose a method for evaluating the significance of association scores in whole-genome cohorts with stratification. Our approach is a randomization test akin to a standard permutation test. It conditions on the genotype matrix and thus takes into account not only the population structure but also the complex linkage disequilibrium structure of the genome. As we show in simulation experiments, our method achieves higher power and significantly better control over false-positive rates than do existing methods. In addition, it can be easily applied to whole-genome association studies.},
affiliation = {Computer Science Division, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. kimmel@cs.berkeley.edu},
number = {5},
pages = {895--905},
volume = {81},
year = {2007},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Models: Genetic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome: Human, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Algorithms, Humans, Databases: Genetic},
date-added = {2010-01-15 14:37:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 14:37:38 +0100},
doi = {10.1086/521372},
pii = {S0002-9297(07)63867-1},
pmid = {17924333},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3359},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Endres:2006p3992,
author = {Heinz G Endres and Christian Hucke and Tim Holland-Letz and Hans-Joachim Trampisch},
journal = {BMC Cardiovasc Disord},
title = {A new efficient trial design for assessing reliability of ankle-brachial index measures by three different observer groups},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The usual method of assessing the variability of a measure such as the ankle brachial index (ABI) as a function of different observer groups is to obtain repeated measurements. Because the number of possible observer-subject combinations is impractically large, only a few small studies on inter- and intraobserver variability of ABI measures have been carried out to date. The present study proposes a new and efficient study design. This paper describes the study methodology. METHODS: Using a partially balanced incomplete block design, six angiologists, six primary-care physicians and six trained medical office assistants performed two ABI measurements each on six individuals from a group of 36 unselected subjects aged 65-70 years. Each test subject is measured by one observer from each of the three observer groups, and each observer measures exactly six of the 36 subjects in the group. Each possible combination of two observers occurs exactly once per patient and is not repeated on a second subject. The study involved four groups of 36 subjects (144), plus standbys. RESULTS: The 192 volunteers present at the study day were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and vascular risk factors: mean age 68.6 +/- 1.7; mean BMI 29.1 +/- 4.6; mean waist-hip ratio 0.92 +/- 0.09; active smokers 12%; hypertension 60.9%; hypercholesterolemia 53.4%; diabetic 17.2%. A complete set of ABI measurements (three observers performing two Doppler measurements each) was obtained from 108 subjects. From all other subjects at least one ABI measurement was obtained. The mean ABI was 1.08 (+/- 0.13), 15 (7.9%) volunteers had an ABI < 0.9, and none had an ABI > 1.4, i.e. a ratio that may be associated with increased stiffening of the arterial walls. CONCLUSION: This is the first large-scale study investigating the components of variability and thus reliability in ABI measurements. The advantage of the new study design introduced here is that only one sixth of the number of theoretically possible measurements is required to obtain information about measurement errors. Bland-Altman plots show that there are only small differences and no systematic bias between the observers from three occupational groups with different training backgrounds.},
affiliation = {Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. heinz.endres@ruhr-uni-bochum.de},
pages = {33},
volume = {6},
year = {2006},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Blood Pressure, Ankle, Brachial Artery, Regional Blood Flow, Humans, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Observer Variation, Female, Male, Research Design, Aged, Reproducibility of Results},
date-added = {2010-01-17 23:23:50 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-17 23:23:50 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2261-6-33},
pii = {1471-2261-6-33},
pmid = {16872534},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Endres-2006-BMC%20Cardiovasc%20Disord_A%20new%20efficient%20tria.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3992},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Smits:2006p12894,
author = {D J M Smits and Paul De Boeck},
journal = {European Journal of Personality},
title = {From BIS/BAS to the Big Five},
abstract = {Gray (1987) proposed two systems that underlie much of our behaviour and personality. One system relates to avoidance or withdrawal behaviour, called the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), whereas the other system relates to approach behaviour, called the Behavioural Approach System (BAS). In two samples, it was investigated whether individual differences in surface of personality as described by the Big Five can be explained by BIS/BAS. Neuroticism and Extraversion could be explained well by BIS/BAS, but also for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness consistent findings were obtained.},
pages = {255--270},
volume = {20},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-06-24 13:44:46 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:12 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Smits-2006-European%20Journal%20of%20Personality_From%20BISBAS%20to%20the.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12894},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Parmigiani:2007p3298,
author = {G Parmigiani and J Lin and S Boca and T Sjoblom and K W Kinzler and V E Velculescu and B Vogelstein},
journal = {Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers},
title = {STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CANCER GENOME SEQUENCING DATA},
abstract = {The purpose of cancer genome sequencing studies is to determine the nature and types of alterations present in a typical cancer and to discover genes mutated at high frequencies. In this article we discuss statistical methods for the analysis of data generated in these studies. We place special emphasis on a two-stage study design introduced by Sjoblom et al.[1]. In this context, we describe statistical methods for constructing scores that can be used to prioritize candidate genes for further investigation and to assess the statistical signicance of the candidates thus identfied.},
number = {126},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-14 21:26:56 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 21:27:51 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Parmigiani-2007-Johns%20Hopkins%20University%20Dept.%20of%20Biostatistics%20Working%20Papers_STATISTICAL%20METHODS.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3298},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Parker:2009p3157,
author = {Michael Parker and Susan J Bull and Jantina de Vries and Tsiri Agbenyega and Ogobara K Doumbo and Dominic P Kwiatkowski},
journal = {PLoS Med},
title = {Ethical data release in genome-wide association studies in developing countries},
affiliation = {Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. michael.parker@ethox.ox.ac.uk},
number = {11},
pages = {e1000143},
volume = {6},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-14 20:23:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:43:47 +0200},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1000143},
pmid = {19956792},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Parker-2009-PLoS%20Med_Ethical%20data%20release.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3157},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brauer:2005p3653,
author = {M Brauer and G McClelland},
journal = {L'Ann{\'e}e psychologique},
title = {L'utilisation des contrastes dans l'analyse des donn{\'e}es : Comment tester les hypoth{\`e}ses sp{\'e}cifiques dans la recherche en psychologie ?},
abstract = {Les tests omnibus plusieurs degr{\'e}s de libert{\'e}s ne fournissent que des r{\'e}ponses vagues alors que la plupart des hypoth{\`e}ses que nous d{\'e}rivons de nos mod{\`e}les th{\'e}oriques/ont des pr{\'e}dictions relativement pr{\'e}cises Pour r{\'e}pondre ce niveau de pr{\'e}cision nous sugg{\'e}rons de tester des contrastes sp{\'e}cifiques plut{\^o}t que effectuer des tests omnibus Deux conditions se doivent {\^e}tre satisfaites avant que on puisse affirmer un contraste donn{\'e} est une description parci monieuse des moyennes observ{\'e}es le contraste lui-m{\^e}me doit expliquer une partie significative de la variance et si on contr{\^o}le statistiquement les effets de ce contraste la variance intergroupe r{\'e}siduelle doit {\^e}tre non significa tive aide exemples concrets article pr{\'e}sente les analyses permettant de tester ces deux conditions avec diff{\'e}rents plans exp{\'e}rimentaux Mots cl{\'e}s contraste test omnibus variance r{\'e}siduelle degr{\'e} de liberte},
number = {2},
pages = {273--305},
volume = {105},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-16 20:04:26 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:38:38 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Brauer-2005-L'Ann%C3%A9e%20psychologique_L'utilisation%20des%20co-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3653},
rating = {0}
}

@techreport{Klein:2005,
author = {John P Klein and Niels Keiding and Svend Kreiner},
journal = {Techreport},
title = {Graphical models for panel studies, illustrated on data from the framingham heart study},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Klein-2005-Techreport_Graphical%20models%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2212},
rating = {0}
}

@article{King:2004p7022,
author = {G King and C J L Murray and J A Salomon and A Tandon},
journal = {American Political Science Review},
title = {Enhancing the Validity and Cross-Cultural Comparability of Measurement in Survey Research},
abstract = {We address two long-standing survey research problems: measuring complicated concepts, such as political freedom and efficacy, that researchers define best with reference to examples; and what to do when respondents interpret identical questions in different ways. Scholars have long addressed these problems with approaches to reduce incomparability, such as writing more concrete questions---with uneven success. Our alternative is to measure directly response category incomparability and to correct for it. We measure incomparability via respondents' assessments, on the same scale as the self-assessments to be corrected, of hypothetical individuals described in short vignettes. Because the actual (but not necessarily reported) levels of the vignettes are invariant over respondents, variability in vignette answers reveals incomparability. Our corrections require either simple recodes or a statistical model designed to save survey administration costs. With analysis, simulations, and cross-national surveys, we show how response incomparability can drastically mislead survey researchers and how our approach can alleviate this problem.},
number = {1},
pages = {191--207},
volume = {98},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-03-06 19:57:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 19:58:27 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/King-2004-American%20Political%20Science%20Review_Enhancing%20the%20Validi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7022},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Boulesteix:2007p460,
author = {Anne-Laure Boulesteix},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {WilcoxCV: an R package for fast variable selection in cross-validation},
abstract = {In the last few years, numerous methods have been proposed for microarray-based class prediction. Although many of them have been designed especially for the case n << p (much more variables than observations), preliminary variable selection is almost always necessary when the number of genes reaches several tens of thousands, as usual in recent data sets. In the two-class setting, the Wilcoxon rank sum test statistic is, with the t-statistic, one of the standard approaches for variable selection. It is well known that the variable selection step must be seen as a part of classifier construction and, as such, be performed based on training data only. When classifier accuracy is evaluated via cross-validation or Monte-Carlo cross-validation, it means that we have to perform p Wilcoxon or t-tests for each iteration, which becomes a daunting task for increasing p. As a consequence, many authors often perform variable selection only once using all the available data, which can induce a dramatic underestimation of error rate and thus lead to misleadingly reporting predictive power. We propose a very fast implementation of variable selection based on the Wilcoxon test for use in cross-validation and Monte Carlo cross-validation (also known as random splitting into learning and test sets). This implementation is based on a simple mathematical formula using only the ranks calculated from the original data set. Availability: Our method is implemented in the freely available R package WilcoxCV which can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network at http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Descriptions/WilcoxCV.html.},
affiliation = {Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Hohenlindenerstr. 1, D-81677 Munich, Germany. boulesteix@slcmsr.org},
number = {13},
pages = {1702--4},
volume = {23},
year = {2007},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Data Interpretation: Statistical, Reproducibility of Results, Gene Expression Profiling, Sensitivity and Specificity, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Statistics: Nonparametric, Software, Algorithms},
date-added = {2010-01-03 12:29:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 12:29:15 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btm162},
pii = {btm162},
pmid = {17495999},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Boulesteix-2007-Bioinformatics_WilcoxCV%20an%20R%20packa.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p460},
rating = {0}
}

@techreport{Diaz:2006a,
author = {T E Diaz and H A Le and L L Wise},
journal = {Techreport},
title = {NAEP-QA FY06 Special Study: 12th Grade Math Trend Estimates},
affiliation = {US Department of Education},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Diaz-2006-Techreport_NAEP-QA%20FY06%20Special.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2132},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Krabbe:1999p7243,
author = {P F Krabbe and M E Stouthard and M L Essink-Bot and G J Bonsel},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {The effect of adding a cognitive dimension to the EuroQol multiattribute health-status classification system},
abstract = {A methodological study was conducted to examine the effect of extending a frequently used simple multiattribute health-status classification system by adding a cognitive dimension. The EQ-5D questionnaire is a generic instrument to value health, developed by the EuroQol Group. The EQ-5D defines health according to five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. We defined 18 different health states according to the standard EQ-5D classification. A second set of health states was constructed similar to the first, except for the addition of a cognitive dimension (EQ-5D+C). Valuations of both sets of health states were statistically analyzed to detect the effect of the additional dimension. The cognitive dimension generated systematically different values compared with the standard EQ-5D version, whereas the content validity improved. Both systems evoked equally reliable values. Analyses showed that a simple additive model to predict summary values for health states was not optimal for both systems. Although there is a current lack of consensus regarding the domains that are selected to represent health status, this study has shown the importance of considering the inclusion of a cognitive domain.},
affiliation = {Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.},
number = {4},
pages = {293--301},
volume = {52},
year = {1999},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Pain, Research Design, Questionnaires, Cognition, Reproducibility of Results, Activities of Daily Living, Female, Adult, Humans, Male, Health Status Indicators, Anxiety},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:12:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:12:20 +0100},
pii = {S0895-4356(98)00163-2},
pmid = {10235169},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Krabbe-1999-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_The%20effect%20of%20adding.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7243},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Muthen:1989p13808,
author = {B Muth{\'e}n},
journal = {British Journal of Mathematical {\&} Statistical Psychology},
title = {Multiple-group structural modelling with non-normal continuous variables},
pages = {55--62},
volume = {42},
year = {1989},
date-added = {2010-07-29 12:26:00 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:22:12 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Muth%C3%A9n-1989-British%20Journal%20of%20Mathematical%20&%20Statistical%20Psychology_Multiple-group%20struc.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13808},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Patrick:2000p8803,
author = {D L Patrick and Y P Chiang},
journal = {Med Care},
title = {Measurement of health outcomes in treatment effectiveness evaluations: conceptual and methodological challenges},
abstract = {Major challenges in the evaluation of the "end results" of health services include ensuring that concepts are correctly defined and measured, that the validity of measures used in different applications and populations is well documented, and that observed effects can be clearly interpreted. Health status is the most widely interpretable concept to apply in the context of health services. Quality of life connotes inclusion of the environment outside the context of the person and of health care and may or may not be health related, depending on the evaluation context and the impact of disease and treatment. All concepts and constructs must be defined in reference to their theoretical origin and to a model of relationships among different concepts. Modern test theory offers the potential for individualized, comparable assessments and for the careful examination and application of different measurement models. Selection and critique of measures should be based on the intended application and accumulated evidence for that application. Thus, there are no valid instruments per se. Validity in use, including responsiveness, interpretation of effects, and generalizability to diverse populations, is the most important measurement characteristic for treatment effectiveness. An evaluation of the validity of preference-based measures is particularly important for the interpretation and comparability of outcomes in cost-effectiveness evaluations. The successful translation of research into policy and practice is limited by the extent to which these critical issues are addressed in actual treatment evaluations.},
affiliation = {Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7600, USA. donald@u.washington.edu},
number = {9 Suppl},
pages = {II14--25},
volume = {38},
year = {2000},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Treatment Outcome, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Design, Psychometrics, Health Status, Quality of Life, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Health Services Research},
date-added = {2010-03-22 12:08:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:39:29 +0200},
pmid = {10982087},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8803},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Jackel:2003,
author = {P J{\"a}ckel},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {A note on multivariate Gauss-Hermite quadrature},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/J%C3%A4ckel-2003-Miscellaneous_A%20note%20on%20multivaria.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1992},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hinrichs:2009p824,
author = {Anthony L Hinrichs and Emma K Larkin and Brian K Suarez},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Population stratification and patterns of linkage disequilibrium},
abstract = {Although the importance of selecting cases and controls from the same population has been recognized for decades, the recent advent of genome-wide association studies has heightened awareness of this issue. Because these studies typically deal with large samples, small differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls can easily reach statistical significance. When, unbeknownst to a researcher, cases and controls have different substructures, the number of false-positive findings is inflated. There have been three recent developments of purely statistical approaches to assessing the ancestral comparability of case and control samples: genomic control, structured association, and multivariate reduction analyses. The widespread use of high-throughput technology has allowed the quick and accurate genotyping of the large number of markers required by these methods. Group 13 dealt with four population stratification issues: single-nucleotide polymorphism marker selection, association testing, nonstandard methods, and linkage disequilibrium calculations in stratified or mixed ethnicity samples. We demonstrated that there are continuous axes of ethnic variation in both data sets of Genetic Analysis Workshop 16. Furthermore, ignoring this structure created P-value inflation for a variety of phenotypes. Principal-components analysis (or multidimensional scaling) can control inflation as covariates in a logistic regression. One can weigh for local ancestry estimation and allow the use of related individuals. Problems arise in the presence of extremely high association or unusually strong linkage disequilibrium (e.g., in chromosomal inversions). Our group also reported a method for performing an association test controlling for substructure, when genome-wide markers are not available, to explicitly compute stratification.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. tony@fire.wustl.edu},
pages = {S88--92},
volume = {33 Suppl 1},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-03 17:48:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 17:48:03 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20478},
pmid = {19924707},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p824},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Charland:1996,
author = {H Charland and G C{\^o}t{\'e}},
journal = {Revue qu{\'e}b{\'e}coise de psychologie},
title = {Fid{\'e}lit{\'e} et validit{\'e} de la version fran{\c c}aise du "Children of Alcoholics Screening Test" (CAST)},
number = {1},
pages = {45--62},
volume = {17},
year = {1996},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Charland-1996-Revue%20qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9coise%20de%20psychologie_Fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9%20et%20validit%C3%A9.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1982},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bech:2008p6718,
author = {P Bech},
journal = {European Psychiatric Review},
title = {The Use of Rating Scales in Affective Disorders},
pages = {14--18},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-03-05 22:11:14 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-05 22:14:26 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bech-2008-European%20Psychiatric%20Review_The%20Use%20of%20Rating%20Sc.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6718},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Vermunt:2001a,
author = {J K Vermunt and M F Rodrigo and M Ato-Garcia},
journal = {Sociological Methods {\&} Research},
title = {Modeling joint and marginal distributions in the analysis of categorical panel data},
pages = {170--196},
volume = {30},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:50:37 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vermunt-2001-Sociological%20Methods%20&%20Research_Modeling%20joint%20and%20m.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2127},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wrobel:2005p11909,
author = {Gunnar Wrobel and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Chalmel and Michael Primig},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {goCluster integrates statistical analysis and functional interpretation of microarray expression data},
abstract = {MOTIVATION: Several tools that facilitate the interpretation of transcriptional profiles using gene annotation data are available but most of them combine a particular statistical analysis strategy with functional information. goCluster extends this concept by providing a modular framework that facilitates integration of statistical and functional microarray data analysis with data interpretation. RESULTS: goCluster enables scientists to employ annotation information, clustering algorithms and visualization tools in their array data analysis and interpretation strategy. The package provides four clustering algorithms and GeneOntology terms as prototype annotation data. The functional analysis is based on the hypergeometric distribution whereby the Bonferroni correction or the false discovery rate can be used to correct for multiple testing. The approach implemented in goCluster was successfully applied to interpret the results of complex mammalian and yeast expression data obtained with high density oligonucleotide microarrays (GeneChips). AVAILABILITY: goCluster is available via the BioConductor portal at www.bioconductor.org. The software package, detailed documentation, user- and developer guides as well as other background information are also accessible via a web portal at http://www.bioz.unibas.ch/gocluster CONTACT: michael.primig@unibas.ch},
affiliation = {Biozentrum and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.},
number = {17},
pages = {3575--7},
volume = {21},
year = {2005},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Software, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Systems Integration, Algorithms, Computer Simulation, Gene Expression Profiling, Cluster Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Models: Statistical, Models: Genetic, Pattern Recognition: Automated},
date-added = {2010-05-23 11:56:01 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 11:56:09 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/bti574},
pii = {bti574},
pmid = {16020468},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wrobel-2005-Bioinformatics_goCluster%20integrates.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11909},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Cacioppo:2009p12792,
author = {J T Cacioppo and J Decety},
journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
title = {What Are the Brain Mechanisms on Which Psychological Processes Are Based?},
abstract = {That the human brain is the organ of the mind is not in dispute, but we know remarkably little about the brain mechanisms underlying the mind. What are the functional structures and computational processes of the human brain that subserve cognition, emotion, and be- havior? Given the complexity of the human brain, progress in understanding the functional organization and struc- ture of the human brain depends on sophisticated theo- retical specifications of the psychological representations and processes that differentiate two or more comparison conditions. Psychological scientists, therefore, are well positioned to lead the search for brain mechanisms un- derlying psychological processes. Doing so constitutes an expansion of the purview of psychological science beyond a science of behavior, and beyond a science of the mind, to include a science of the brain. Such an expansion of the mission of psychological science has implications for the infrastructure and training needs of the discipline.},
number = {1},
pages = {10--18},
volume = {4},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-06-18 21:10:42 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-18 21:13:15 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cacioppo-2009-Perspectives%20on%20Psychological%20Science_What%20Are%20the%20Brain%20M.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12792},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Degenholtz:2006p3502,
author = {H B Degenholtz and M J Miller and R A Kane and L J Cutler and R L Kane},
journal = {Journal of Housing for the Elderly},
title = {Developing a Typology of Nursing Home Environmentsv},
number = {1/2},
pages = {5--29},
volume = {20},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-15 15:33:01 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 15:34:37 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Degenholtz-2006-Journal%20of%20Housing%20for%20the%20Elderly_Developing%20a%20Typolog.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3502},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lantieri:2009p3375,
author = {Francesca Lantieri and Min A Jhun and Jungsun Park and Taesung Park and Marcella Devoto},
journal = {BMC Proc},
title = {Comparative analysis of different approaches for dealing with candidate regions in the context of a genome-wide association study},
abstract = {ABSTRACT : Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) test hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association to a trait, treating each marker equally and ignoring prior evidence of association to specific regions. Typically, promising regions are selected for further investigation based on p-values obtained from simple tests of association. However, loci that exert only a weak, low-penetrant role on the trait, producing modest evidence of association, are not detectable in the context of a GWAS. Implementing prior knowledge of association in GWAS could increase power, help distinguish between false and true positives, and identify better sets of SNPs for follow-up studies.Here we performed a GWAS on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls (Problem 1, Genetic Analysis Workshop 16). In order to include prior information in the analysis, we applied four methods that distinctively deal with markers in candidate genes in the context of GWAS. SNPs were divided into a random and a candidate subset, then we applied empirical correction by permutation, false-discovery rate, false-positive report probability, and posterior odds of association using different prior probabilities. We repeated the same analyses on two different sets of candidate markers defined on the basis of previously reported association to RA following two different approaches. The four methods showed similar relative behavior when applied to the two sets, with the proportion of candidate SNPs ranked among the top 2,000 varying from 0 to 100%. The use of different prior probabilities changed the stringency of the methods, but not their relative performance.},
affiliation = {The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. f.lantieri@unige.it.},
pages = {S93},
volume = {3 Suppl 7},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-15 14:41:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 14:41:05 +0100},
pmid = {20018090},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3375},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Nicodemus:2010p5843,
author = {Kristin K Nicodemus and Joseph H Callicott and Rachel G Higier and Augustin Luna and Devon C Nixon and Barbara K Lipska and Radhakrishna Vakkalanka and Ina Giegling and Dan Rujescu and David St Clair and Pierandrea Muglia and Yin Yao Shugart and Daniel R Weinberger},
journal = {Hum Genet},
title = {Erratum to: Evidence of statistical epistasis between DISC1, CIT and NDEL1 impacting risk for schizophrenia: biological validation with functional neuroimaging},
affiliation = {Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room 4S-235, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA, kristin.nicodemus@well.ox.ac.uk.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-02-17 10:18:16 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:28:44 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s00439-010-0793-8},
pmid = {20127117},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5843},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vanderSluis:2008p9132,
author = {Sophie van der Sluis and Gonneke Willemsen and Eco J C de Geus and Dorret I Boomsma and Danielle Posthuma},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {Gene-environment interaction in adults' IQ scores: measures of past and present environment},
abstract = {Gene-environment interaction was studied in a sample of young (mean age 26 years, N = 385) and older (mean age 49 years, N = 370) adult males and females. Full scale IQ scores (FSIQ) were analyzed using biometric models in which additive genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) effects were allowed to depend on environmental measures. Moderators under study were parental and partner educational level, as well as urbanization level and mean real estate price of the participants' residential area. Mean effects were observed for parental education, partner education and urbanization level. On average, FSIQ scores were roughly 5 points higher in participants with highly educated parents, compared to participants whose parents were less well educated. In older participants, IQ scores were about 2 points higher when their partners were highly educated. In younger males, higher urbanization levels were associated with slightly higher FSIQ scores. Our analyses also showed increased common environmental variation in older males whose parents were more highly educated, and increased unique environmental effects in older males living in more affluent areas. Contrary to studies in children, however, the variance attributable to additive genetic effects was stable across all levels of the moderators under study. Most results were replicated for VIQ and PIQ.},
affiliation = {Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands. s.van.der.sluis@psy.vu.nl},
number = {4},
pages = {348--60},
volume = {38},
year = {2008},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Intelligence, Models: Biological, Speech, Twins: Dizygotic, Twins: Monozygotic, Adult, Models: Genetic, Male, Intelligence Tests, Psychometrics, Netherlands, Female, Environment, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:27:48 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-008-9212-5},
pmid = {18535898},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20der%20Sluis-2008-Behav%20Genet_Gene-environment%20int.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9132},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dray:2008p809,
author = {St{\'e}phane Dray},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {On the number of principal components: A test of dimensionality based on measurements of similarity between matrices},
abstract = {An important problem in principal component analysis (PCA) is the estimation of the correct number of components to retain. PCA is most often used to reduce a set of observed variables to a new set of variables of lower dimensionality. The choice of this dimensionality is a crucial step for the interpretation of results or subsequent analyses, because it could lead to a loss of information (underestimation) or the introduction of random noise (overestimation). New techniques are proposed to evaluate the dimensionality in PCA. They are based on similarity measurements, singular value decomposition and permutation procedures. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the relative merits of the proposed approaches. Results showed that one method based on the RV coefficient is very accurate and seems to be more efficient than other existing approaches.},
affiliation = {Laboratoire de Biom{\'e}trie et Biologie Evolutive, Universit{\'e} de Lyon; Universit{\'e} Lyon 1; CNRS; UMR 5558,
43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France},
pages = {2228--2237},
volume = {52},
year = {2008},
month = {Oct},
keywords = {Simulation study, Permutation procedure, Co-inertia criterion, Singular value decomposition, RV coefficient, Stopping rules},
date-added = {2010-01-03 17:15:42 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:24:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.csda.2007.07.015},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dray-2008-Computational%20Statistics_On%20the%20number%20of%20pri.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p809},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lubke:2001p11600,
author = {G H Lubke and CV Dolan and H Kelderman},
journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research},
title = {Investigating Group Differences on Cognitive Tests Using Spearman's Hypothesis: An Evaluation of Jensen's Method},
abstract = {Jensen has posited a research method to investigate group differences in cognitive tests. This method consists of first extracting a general intelligence factor by means of exploratory factor analysis. Secondly, similarity of factor loadings across groups is evaluated in an attempt to ensure that the same constructs are measured. Finally, the correlation is computed between the loadings of the tests on the general intelligence factor and the mean differences between groups on the tests. This part is referred to as a test of ``Spearman's Hypothesis'', which essentially states that differences in g account for the main part of differences in observed scores. Based on the correlation, inferences are made with respect to group differences in general intelligence.
The validity of these inferences is investigated and compared to the validity of inferences based on multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. For this comparison, population covariance matrices are constructed which incorporate violations of the central assumption underlying Jensen's method concerning the existence of g and/or violations of Spearman's Hypothesis. It is demonstrated that Jensen's method is quite insensitive to the violations. This lack of specificity is observed consistently for all types of violations introduced in the present study. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis emerges as clearly superior to Jensen's method.},
number = {3},
pages = {299--324},
volume = {36},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-05-09 21:28:43 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-09 21:29:43 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lubke-2001-Multivariate%20Behavioral%20Research_Investigating%20Group.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11600},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Harvey:2004p2591,
author = {R J Harvey and E Hollander},
title = {Benchmarking rWG Interrater Agreement Indices: Let's Drop the .70 Rule-Of-Thumb},
abstract = {Variance-based interrater agreement indices in the rWG family are often interpreted using rules-of- thumb derived for reliabilities (e.g., ≥ .70 = acceptable). Monte Carlo results suggest that far more stringent standards are needed, especially for maximum-variance rWG, as values > .70 can routinely be obtained from totally random ratings.},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:35:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 22:36:36 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Harvey-2004-_Benchmarking%20rWG%20Int.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2591},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sprangers:2002p8512,
author = {Mirjam A G Sprangers and Carol M Moinpour and Timothy J Moynihan and Donald L Patrick and Dennis A Revicki and Clinical Significance Consensus Meeting Group},
journal = {Mayo Clin Proc},
title = {Assessing meaningful change in quality of life over time: a users' guide for clinicians},
abstract = {The objective of this article is to help clinicians interpret trial-based quality of life (QOL) changes over time. We address a series of questions and provide guidelines that are fundamental to assessing and interpreting change. The issues addressed are as follows: (1) What are the characteristics of the population for whom changes in QOL are reported? (2) Is the QOL questionnaire reliable, valid, and responsive to change? (3) Are the timing and frequency of assessments adequate? (4) Is the study adequately powered? (5) How are multiple QOL outcomes addressed in analyses? (6) How are multiple time points handled? (7) Can alternative explanations account for the observed change or lack of observed change (eg, handling of missing data, survival differences, and changes in patient's QOL perspective over time)? and (8) How is statistical significance translated into meaningful change? These guidelines will support clinicians in reviewing the clinical trial literature, which in turn can help them use the data in the treatment decision process.},
affiliation = {Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.},
number = {6},
pages = {561--71},
volume = {77},
year = {2002},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Reproducibility of Results, Clinical Trials as Topic, Antineoplastic Agents: Hormonal, Physician's Practice Patterns, Female, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Flutamide, United States, Adenocarcinoma, Prostatic Neoplasms, Humans, Sickness Impact Profile, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Clinical Competence, Questionnaires, Quality of Life, Male, Patient Satisfaction, Orchiectomy, Androgen Antagonists},
date-added = {2010-03-21 20:37:36 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 20:37:36 +0100},
pmid = {12059127},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sprangers-2002-Mayo%20Clin%20Proc_Assessing%20meaningful.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8512},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Eldridge:2008p6416,
author = {Sandra Eldridge and Deborah Ashby and Catherine Bennett and Melanie Wakelin and Gene Feder},
journal = {BMJ},
title = {Internal and external validity of cluster randomised trials: systematic review of recent trials},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess aspects of the internal validity of recently published cluster randomised trials and explore the reporting of information useful in assessing the external validity of these trials. DESIGN: Review of 34 cluster randomised trials in primary care published in 2004 and 2005 in seven journals (British Medical Journal, British Journal of General Practice, Family Practice, Preventive Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal of General Internal Medicine, Pediatrics). DATA SOURCES: National Library of Medicine (Medline) via PubMed. DATA EXTRACTION: To assess aspects of internal validity we extracted data on appropriateness of sample size calculations and analyses, methods of identifying and recruiting individual participants, and blinding. To explore reporting of information useful in assessing external validity we extracted data on cluster eligibility, cluster inclusion and retention, cluster generalisability, and the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention to health providers in clusters. RESULTS: 21 (62%) trials accounted for clustering in sample size calculations and 30 (88%) in the analysis; about a quarter were potentially biased because of procedures surrounding recruitment and identification of patients; individual participants were blind to allocation status in 19 (56%) and outcome assessors were blind in 15 (44%). In almost half the reports, information relating to generalisability of clusters was poorly reported, and in two fifths there was no information about the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Cluster randomised trials are essential for evaluating certain types of interventions. Issues affecting their internal validity, such as appropriate sample size calculations and analysis, have been widely disseminated and are now better addressed by researchers. Blinding of those identifying and recruiting patients to allocation status is recommended but is not always carried out. There may be fewer barriers to internal validity in trials in which individual participants are not recruited. External validity seems poorly addressed in many trials, yet is arguably as important as internal validity in judging quality as a basis for healthcare intervention.},
affiliation = {Centre for Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT. s.eldridge@qmul.ac.uk},
number = {7649},
pages = {876--80},
volume = {336},
year = {2008},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Cluster Analysis, Sample Size, Reproducibility of Results, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic},
date-added = {2010-02-23 08:26:42 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-23 08:26:43 +0100},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.39517.495764.25},
pii = {bmj.39517.495764.25},
pmid = {18364360},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6416},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zihl:2010p4022,
author = {Josef Zihl and Simone Reppermund and Sonja Thum and Kathrin Unger},
journal = {J Psychiatr Res},
title = {Neuropsychological profiles in MCI and in depression: Differential cognitive dysfunction patterns or similar final common pathway disorder?},
abstract = {The concept of "mild cognitive impairment" (MCI) refers to alterations in cognition in the transition between normal aging and dementia. However, from a neuropsychological point of view the conventional diagnostic criteria appear not sufficiently valid. In particular, it is still difficult to differentiate between subjects with MCI and subjects with depression plus cognitive deficits on the basis of their neuropsychological profiles. The aim of this study is to compare cognitive deficit patterns of subjects with MCI and with depression. 24 subjects with MCI, 50 subjects with depression (DEP) and 20 healthy control subjects were included (age: 55-74years). The neuropsychological assessment consisted of standardized tests to assess attention, memory, and executive functions. Compared to healthy controls both subject groups showed significantly lower performance in all cognitive domains. However, we did not find significant differences in cognitive performance between MCI and DEP subjects, neither at baseline nor at follow-up. In addition, preliminary results of follow-up assessments after 2 (DEP) and 6months (MCI), respectively, revealed no significant changes in cognition in subjects with depression, regardless of whether depressive symptoms had improved. Subjects with MCI also showed no changes in cognition at follow-up. The comparable neuropsychological patterns identified in the two subject groups may be understood as a consequence of similar alterations in cognitive systems, supporting the idea of a final common pathway disorder. Thus, the cognitive deficits present in a subgroup of subjects with depression may possibly better be understood in the context of MCI.},
affiliation = {Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; University of Munich, Department Psychology, Neuropsychology, Munich, Germany.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-01-19 08:21:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 08:21:55 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.12.002},
pii = {S0022-3956(09)00274-X},
pmid = {20060127},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zihl-2010-J%20Psychiatr%20Res_Neuropsychological%20p.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4022},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gelernter:2005p3533,
author = {Joel Gelernter and Carolien Panhuysen and Roger Weiss and Kathleen Brady and Victor Hesselbrock and Bruce Rounsaville and James Poling and Marsha Wilcox and Lindsay Farrer and Henry R Kranzler},
journal = {Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet},
title = {Genomewide linkage scan for cocaine dependence and related traits: significant linkages for a cocaine-related trait and cocaine-induced paranoia},
abstract = {Risk for cocaine dependence (CD) is genetically influenced. We recruited a sample of small nuclear families (528 full and 155 half sibpairs) with at least one subject affected with CD. The sample was classified via Bayesian clustering as 45.5% European American (EA) and 54.5% African American (AA). Assessment, via the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism, allowed for detailed evaluation of substance dependence-related traits. To define subgroups with increased genetic homogeneity, consistent with our a priori analytic plan, we used cluster analytic methods to identify six cocaine-related symptom clusters; membership was shown to be significantly heritable. We then completed a genomewide linkage scan (409 markers) for the CD diagnosis, cocaine-induced paranoia (CIP; an outcome that occurs in some cocaine users) and the clusters (three of which contained >80% of the CD subjects). We observed a "suggestive" linkage signal on chromosome 10 for the trait of CD in the full sample; and two "suggestive" linkage signals at different locations on chromosome 3, in the EA part of the sample. We observed a genomewide-significant lod score of 3.65 for the trait of CIP on chromosome 9, in the AA part of the sample only. Our strongest results were observed for the cluster membership traits, including a lod score of 4.66 for membership in the "Heavy Use, Cocaine Predominant" cluster on chromosome 12 (in EAs only) and a lod score of 3.35 for membership in the "Moderate Cocaine and Opioid Abuse" cluster on chromosome 18. These results provide a basis for the identification of specific genes contributing to risk for these traits.},
affiliation = {Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics; and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. joel.gelernter@yale.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {45--52},
volume = {136B},
year = {2005},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Paranoid Disorders, Gene Frequency, Alcoholism, Linkage (Genetics), Phenotype, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Male, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Female, Models: Genetic, Microsatellite Repeats, Family Health, Genotype, Genome: Human, Humans},
date-added = {2010-01-15 20:50:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 20:50:31 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/ajmg.b.30189},
pmid = {15909294},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3533},
rating = {0}
}

@article{deLeeuw:1986p11676,
author = {Jan de Leeuw},
journal = {NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Numerical Ecology},
title = {Nonlinear multivariate analysis with optimal scaling},
year = {1986},
date-added = {2010-05-14 21:16:11 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:45:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/de%20Leeuw-1986-NATO%20Advanced%20Research%20Workshop%20on%20Numerical%20Ecology_Nonlinear%20multivaria.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11676},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kates:2009p8907,
author = {Wendy R Kates and Ichiro Ikuta and Courtney P Burnette},
journal = {Autism Res},
title = {Gyrification patterns in monozygotic twin pairs varying in discordance for autism},
abstract = {In order to disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to cortical anomalies in children with autism, we investigated cortical folding patterns in a cohort of 14 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs who displayed a range of phenotypic discordance for autism, and 14 typically developing community controls. Cortical folding was assessed with the gyrification index, which was calculated on high resolution anatomic MR images. We found that the cortical folding patterns across most lobar regions of the cerebral cortex was highly discordant within MZ twin pairs. In addition, children with autism and their co-twins exhibited increased cortical folding in the right parietal lobe, relative to age- and gender-matched typical developing children. Increased folding in the right parietal lobe was associated with more symptoms of autism for co-twins. Finally, the robust association between cortical folding and IQ observed in typical children was not observed in either children with autism or their co-twins. These findings, which contribute to our understanding of the limits of genetic liability in autism, suggest that anomalies in the structural integrity of the cortex in this PDD may disrupt the association between cortical folding and intelligence that has been reported in typical individuals, and may account, in part, for the deficits in visual spatial attention and in social cognition that have been reported in children with autism.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. katesw@upstate.edu},
number = {5},
pages = {267--78},
volume = {2},
year = {2009},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Twins: Monozygotic, Intelligence, Image Processing: Computer-Assisted, Male, Adolescent, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Cortex, Autistic Disorder, Cohort Studies, Child, Child: Preschool, Brain Mapping, Imaging: Three-Dimensional, Female, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-22 12:56:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 12:56:24 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/aur.98},
pmid = {19890876},
URL = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122672650/abstract},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kates-2009-Autism%20Res_Gyrification%20pattern.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8907},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Grimison:2009p11768,
author = {Peter S Grimison and R John Simes and H Malcolm Hudson and Martin R Stockler},
journal = {Value Health},
title = {Preliminary validation of an optimally weighted patient-based utility index by application to randomized trials in breast cancer},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To optimize, apply, and validate a scoring algorithm that provides a utility index from a cancer-specific quality of life questionnaire called the Utility-Based Questionnaire-Cancer (UBQ-C) using data sets from randomized trials in breast cancer. The index is designed to reflect the perspective of cancer patients in a specific clinical context so as to best inform clinical decisions. METHODS: We applied the UBQ-C scoring algorithm to trials of chemotherapy for advanced (n = 325) and early (n = 126) breast cancer. The algorithm converts UBQ-C subscales into a subset index, and combines it with a global health status item into an overall HRQL index, which is then converted to a utility index using a power transformation. The optimal subscale weights were determined by their correlations with the global scale in the relevant data set. The validity of the utility index was tested against other patient characteristics. RESULTS: Optimal weights (range 0-1) for the subset index in advanced (early) breast cancer were: physical function 0.20 (0.09); social/usual activities 0.23 (0.25); self-care 0.04 (0.01); and distresses 0.53 (0.64). Weights for the overall HRQL index were health status 0.66 (0.63) and subset index 0.34 (0.37). The utility index discriminated between breast cancer that was advanced rather than early (means 0.88 vs. 0.94, P < 0.0001) and was responsive to the toxic effects of chemotherapy in early breast cancer (mean change 0.07, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The scoring algorithm for the UBQ-C utility index can be optimized in different clinical contexts to reflect the relative importance of different aspects of quality of life to the patients in a trial. It can be used to generate sensitive and responsive utility scores, and quality-adjusted life-years that can be used within a trial to compare the net benefit of treatments and inform clinical decision-making.},
affiliation = {NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Peter.Grimison@ctc.usyd.edu.au},
number = {6},
pages = {967--76},
volume = {12},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Algorithms, Australia, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Health Status, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Questionnaires, Adult, Quality of Life, Fluorouracil, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Sickness Impact Profile, Breast Neoplasms, Aged, New Zealand, Female, Antimetabolites: Antineoplastic, Young Adult, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Survival Analysis, Deoxycytidine, Adolescent, Middle Aged},
date-added = {2010-05-23 10:38:44 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 10:38:44 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00536.x},
pii = {VHE536},
pmid = {19490566},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Grimison-2009-Value%20Health_Preliminary%20validati.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11768},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ali:2009p13760,
author = {Niloufer S Ali and Badar S Ali and Iqbal S Azam},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
title = {Post partum anxiety and depression in peri-urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan: a quasi-experimental study},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Postpartum anxiety and depression is a major public health concern because of its adverse effects on the cognitive and social development of the infant. Globally postpartum depression has been widely investigated but as anxiety is a more prominent feature of postpartum depression we assessed the prevalence of anxiety and depression and their associated factors in post partum women. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study investigating the impact of postpartum anxiety and depression on child growth and development was conducted in two peri-urban, multiethnic, communities of Karachi, a mega city of Pakistan. A house to house questionnaire based survey was done by trained field workers; 420 consenting pregnant women were identified and data for socio-demographic, home environment and family relationship variables was collected between 36 weeks of pregnancy and within 10 days of childbirth. Mother's levels of anxiety and depression were assessed after one month, two months, six months and twelve months of childbirth; this was two step process: initially an indigenous, validated screening instrument Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale was used and diagnostic confirmation was done through a psychologist's interview based on DSM IV criteria. Women found to be anxious and depressed at least once out of four assessments were considered for the computation of overall prevalence of postpartum anxiety and depression as well as its risk factors. However, point prevalence's of postpartum anxiety and depression were also reported at each assessment time. Two sixty seven women could be followed for one year. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Chi-square test, simple and multiple logistic regression were used to see the association of different factors. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of postpartum anxiety and depression was found to be 28.8 percent. Domestic violence, difficulty in breast feeding at birth and unplanned current pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with postpartum anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: Domestic violence and not having the right to plan pregnancy are related to the patriarchal culture and lack of empowerment of women. The association with difficulties in breast feeding needs to be further explored in future studies.},
affiliation = {Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. niloufer.ali@aku.edu},
pages = {384},
volume = {9},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-07-28 23:02:53 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-28 23:02:53 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-9-384},
pii = {1471-2458-9-384},
pmid = {19821971},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ali-2009-BMC%20Public%20Health_Post%20partum%20anxiety.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13760},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Fox:2007a,
author = {J-P Fox},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Multilevel IRT Model Assessment},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fox-2007-Miscellaneous_Multilevel%20IRT%20Model.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2054},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@phdthesis{Fox:2001a,
author = {Jean-Paul Fox},
journal = {PhD Thesis},
title = {Multilevel IRT: A bayesian perspective on estimating parameters and testing statistical hypotheses},
affiliation = {Twente University},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fox-2001-PhD%20Thesis_Multilevel%20IRT%20A%20ba.PDF},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2150},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Arking:2008p6061,
author = {Dan E Arking and David J Cutler and Camille W Brune and Tanya M Teslovich and Kristen West and Morna Ikeda and Alexis Rea and Moltu Guy and Shin Lin and Edwin H Cook and Aravinda Chakravarti},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
title = {A common genetic variant in the neurexin superfamily member CNTNAP2 increases familial risk of autism},
abstract = {Autism is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that, despite exhibiting high heritability, has largely eluded efforts to identify specific genetic variants underlying its etiology. We performed a two-stage genetic study in which genome-wide linkage and family-based association mapping was followed up by association and replication studies in an independent sample. We identified a common polymorphism in contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2), a member of the neurexin superfamily, that is significantly associated with autism susceptibility. Importantly, the genetic variant displays a parent-of-origin and gender effect recapitulating the inheritance of autism.},
affiliation = {McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.},
number = {1},
pages = {160--4},
volume = {82},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Female, Genome: Human, Autistic Disorder, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Membrane Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Child, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans},
date-added = {2010-02-19 17:02:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 17:02:19 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.015},
pii = {S0002-9297(07)00021-3},
pmid = {18179894},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6061},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Agid:2000p10247,
author = {O Agid and Y Kohn and B Lerer},
journal = {Biomed Pharmacother},
title = {Environmental stress and psychiatric illness},
abstract = {It has long been recognized that environmental stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. The relationship is complex and the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the contribution of stressful experiences to the manifestation of illness are not well understood. In considering this relationship, it is important to differentiate between the role of environmental stressors as vulnerability factors that predispose the individual to psychiatric illness and may be temporally distant from its clinical onset, and their role as direct precipitants of the illness. Furthermore, environmental stressors must be considered in the context of constitutional vulnerability factors, such as genetic predisposition, with which such stressors may interact. Genetic predisposition may influence not only vulnerability to illness but also the nature of the individual's response to stress and the likelihood of exposure to stressful events. In this paper, we focus on two areas that illustrate the complexity of the field and the important findings that have emerged--the role of early parental loss (EPL) in adult psychopathology, particularly major depression, and the relationship between recent significant life events and depressive episodes. We conclude with a preliminary conceptual framework for considering the relationship between genetic susceptibility and environmental stress in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illness.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.},
number = {3},
pages = {135--41},
volume = {54},
year = {2000},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Depressive Disorder, Mental Disorders, Humans, Environment, Animals, Stress: Psychological},
date-added = {2010-04-02 10:50:49 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:19:27 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/S0753-3322(00)89046-0},
pii = {S0753-3322(00)89046-0},
pmid = {10840590},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Agid-2000-Biomed%20Pharmacother_Environmental%20stress.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10247},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Reich:2001p3546,
author = {D E Reich and D B Goldstein},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Detecting association in a case-control study while correcting for population stratification},
abstract = {Case-control studies are subject to the problem of population stratification, which can occur in ethnically mixed populations and can lead to significant associations being detected at loci that have nothing to do with disease. Here, we describe a way to measure and correct for stratification by genotyping a moderate number of unlinked genetic markers in the same set

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib