text:
LA DQ-2/DQ-8. From the anatomical point of view, CD is characterized by intestinal villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, intraepithelial lymphocytosis (IELs) and leukocyte infiltration of the lamina propriety. Patients achieve a complete clinical and endoscopic remission with a gluten free diet. However, symptoms and anatomical alterations recur when this protein is reintroduced in the diet. The pathogenic mechanisms in this disease are not yet well understood, but it is clear that genetic, environmental and immunological factors play a role. The latter are the focus of this review, since this is the only autoimmune disease whose precipitating factor for immunological tissue damage is known.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*etiology/pathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Gliadin/immunology
HLA-D Antigens/immunology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/pathology},
   ISSN = {0034-9887 (Print)
0034-9887},
   Accession Number = {20361140},
   DOI = {/S0034-98872009001200012},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Herrero-Gonzalez, J. E.},
   title = {[Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis]},
   journal = {Actas Dermosifiliogr},
   volume = {101},
   number = {10},
   pages = {820-6},
   note = {1578-2190
Herrero-Gonzalez, J E
English Abstract
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Spain
Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010 Dec;101(10):820-6.},
   abstract = {Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune blistering disease that appears as a cutaneous manifestation of gluten intolerance. It is one of a group of disorders that have gluten sensitivity in common, including celiac disease and gluten ataxia. Patients with dermatitis herpetiformis present with a pruritic papulovesicular rash on extensor surfaces and on the buttocks. Immunological studies demonstrate the presence of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A anti-endomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies. The finding of granular deposits of IgA along the dermal-epidermal junction is pathognomonic of dermatitis herpetiformis. Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis is based on a life-long, strict gluten-free diet, which improves all clinical aspects of gluten sensitivity, and dapsone, a drug that is only effective for the skin manifestations.},
   keywords = {Dermatitis Herpetiformis/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/immunology
Humans
Practice Guidelines as Topic},
   ISSN = {0001-7310},
   Accession Number = {21159258},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hershcovici, T. and Leshno, M. and Goldin, E. and Shamir, R. and Israeli, E.},
   title = {Cost effectiveness of mass screening for coeliac disease is determined by time-delay to diagnosis and quality of life on a gluten-free diet},
   journal = {Aliment Pharmacol Ther},
   volume = {31},
   number = {8},
   pages = {901-10},
   note = {1365-2036
Hershcovici, T
Leshno, M
Goldin, E
Shamir, R
Israeli, E
Journal Article
England
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;31(8):901-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04242.x. Epub 2010 Jan 19.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is frequently diagnosed after a long delay resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. AIMS: To define the parameters which have the highest impact on the cost-effectiveness of mass screening for coeliac disease. METHODS: A Markov model examined a coeliac disease screening programme of the healthy young-adult general population compared with a no-screening strategy. The main outcome measures were quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Effects of variables were examined using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The screening strategy resulted in a gain of 0.0027 QALYs. The ICER of screening vs. no-screening strategy was US$48,960/QALYs. The variables with the largest impact on cost effectiveness were: the time delay from symptom onset to diagnosis, the utility of adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and the prevalence of coeliac disease. Screening would be cost-effective if the time delay to diagnosis is longer than 6 years and utility of GFD adherence is greater than 0.978. CONCLUSIONS: Our model suggests that mass screening for coeliac disease of the young-adult general population is associated with improved QALYs and is a cost effectiveness strategy. Shortening of the time-delay to diagnosis by heightened awareness of health-care professionals may be a valid alternative to screening.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/economics
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Delayed Diagnosis
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
Markov Chains
Mass Screening/*economics
Quality of Life
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0269-2813},
   Accession Number = {20096017},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04242.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hershko, C. and Skikne, B.},
   title = {Pathogenesis and management of iron deficiency anemia: emerging role of celiac disease, helicobacter pylori, and autoimmune gastritis},
   journal = {Semin Hematol},
   volume = {46},
   number = {4},
   pages = {339-50},
   note = {Hershko, Chaim
Skikne, Barry
Journal Article
Review
United States
Semin Hematol. 2009 Oct;46(4):339-50. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.06.002.},
   abstract = {The causes of iron deficiency vary significantly during different stages of life, and according to gender and socioeconomic circumstances. Although dietary iron is important, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is mostly attributed to blood loss and may be the presenting clinical feature of occult bleeding from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract heralding underlying malignancy. Conventional GI diagnostic workup fails to establish the cause of iron deficiency in about one third of patients. However, abnormal iron absorption caused by hereditary iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) or acquired disease is increasingly recognized as an important cause of unexplained iron deficiency. The recent availability of convenient, non-invasive screening methods to identify celiac disease, autoimmune atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection has greatly facilitated the recognition of patients with these entities. Cure of previously refractory IDA by H pylori eradication provides strong evidence supporting a cause-and-effect relation. The intriguing recent observations of H pylori antibodies directed against epitopes on gastric mucosal cells in atrophic gastritis imply an autoimmune mechanism triggered by H pylori and directed against gastric parietal cells by means of antigenic mimicry. Improved understanding of the role of abnormal iron absorption in IDA has important implications for current concepts related to the pathogenesis and management of IDA.},
   keywords = {Administration, Oral
Adult
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism
Autoimmune Diseases/*complications/diagnosis/metabolism/microbiology
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis
Female
Gastritis/*complications/diagnosis/metabolism/microbiology
Helicobacter Infections/*complications/diagnosis/metabolism/microbiology
Helicobacter pylori/*pathogenicity
Hematinics/*administration & dosage
Humans
Infusions, Intravenous
Intestinal Absorption
Iron/*deficiency
Iron Compounds/*administration & dosage
Male
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0037-1963 (Print)
0037-1963},
   Accession Number = {19786202},
   DOI = {10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.06.002},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Heyman, R. and Guggenbuhl, P. and Corbel, A. and Bridoux-Henno, L. and Tourtelier, Y. and Balencon-Morival, M. and de Kerdanet, M. and Dabadie, A.},
   title = {Effect of a gluten-free diet on bone mineral density in children with celiac disease},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {33},
   number = {2},
   pages = {109-14},
   note = {Heyman, R
Guggenbuhl, P
Corbel, A
Bridoux-Henno, L
Tourtelier, Y
Balencon-Morival, M
de Kerdanet, M
Dabadie, A
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009 Feb;33(2):109-14. doi: 10.1016/j.gcb.2008.09.020. Epub 2009 Feb 6.},
   abstract = {AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the evolution of bone mineral density (BMD) in children with celiac disease and to evaluate the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD). METHODS: Altogether, 44 children (31 girls and 13 boys) were followed-up. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (Hologic QDR 4500). Results are expressed as absolute values for BMD, and as Z scores for chronological age (BMD/CA) and bone age (BMD/BA). Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they followed a diet without (n=34) or with (n=10) gluten for at least 1 year. All patients were clinically free of symptoms at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS: At inclusion, 26 patients (59%) were delayed in bone age, 17 children (38%) had a BMD/CA< or =1 S.D. and six (13.6%) had a BMD/CA< or =2 S.D., whereas nine children (20%) had a BMD/BA< or =1 S.D. and three (6.8%) had a BMD/BA< or =2 S.D. During the follow-up, the BMD increase was greater in the GFD group, as determined by the BMD/CA/year (+0.05+/-0.3 vs -0.34+/-0.4 S.D.; P<0.01) and BMD/BA/year (-0.02+/-0.4 vs -0.4+/-0.6 S.D.; P<0.05). The gain in BMD/BA was smaller in the GFD group because of their need to catch up in bone maturation. CONCLUSION: Celiac children not following a GFD show delays in both bone maturation and mineralization. This prospective study confirms the importance of maintaining a GFD in children with celiac disease until the end of skeletal mineralization even in asymptomatic patients following a non-restricted diet.},
   keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon
Adolescent
Age Determination by Skeleton
*Bone Density
Bone Development
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diet therapy/etiology
Celiac Disease/complications/diagnosis/*diet therapy
Child
Child, Preschool
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Infant
Longitudinal Studies
Lumbar Vertebrae
Male
Prospective Studies},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {19201117},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.gcb.2008.09.020},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hodge, L. and Swain, A. and Faulkner-Hogg, K.},
   title = {Food allergy and intolerance},
   journal = {Aust Fam Physician},
   volume = {38},
   number = {9},
   pages = {705-7},
   note = {Hodge, Linda
Swain, Anne
Faulkner-Hogg, Kim
Journal Article
Review
Australia
Aust Fam Physician. 2009 Sep;38(9):705-7.},
   abstract = {This article forms part of a series looking at the relationship between diet and good health, and the role of the dietitian in the primary health care team. This article discusses adverse reactions to food including IgE mediated food allergy and nonimmunological food reactions. Coeliac disease, a T-cell mediated reaction to gluten, will be discussed in the next article in this series.},
   keywords = {Diagnosis, Differential
Food Hypersensitivity/*diagnosis/*diet therapy/epidemiology/immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin E/immunology
Prevalence},
   ISSN = {0300-8495 (Print)
0300-8495},
   Accession Number = {19893799},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hoekstra, J. H. and Groot-Loonen, J. J. and van der Weij, A. and Hoogerbrugge, P. M. and Kooy, Y. and Koning, F.},
   title = {Successful treatment of coeliac disease by allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {51},
   number = {6},
   pages = {793-4},
   note = {1536-4801
Hoekstra, J Hans
Groot-Loonen, Jacqueline J
van der Weij, Annemieke
Hoogerbrugge, Peter M
Kooy, Yvonne
Koning, Frits
Case Reports
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Dec;51(6):793-4. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181edf35b.},
   keywords = {Anemia, Aplastic/etiology/therapy
Celiac Disease/complications/diet therapy/*therapy
Child
Female
*Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Hepatitis, Autoimmune/complications
Humans
Intestine, Small/pathology
Transplantation, Homologous},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {20890214},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181edf35b},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hogberg, L. and Danielsson, L. and Jarleman, S. and Sundqvist, T. and Stenhammar, L.},
   title = {Serum zinc in small children with coeliac disease},
   journal = {Acta Paediatr},
   volume = {98},
   number = {2},
   pages = {343-5},
   note = {1651-2227
Hogberg, Lotta
Danielsson, Lars
Jarleman, Stefan
Sundqvist, Tommy
Stenhammar, Lars
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Norway
Acta Paediatr. 2009 Feb;98(2):343-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01085.x. Epub 2008 Oct 29.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: In coeliac disease (CD) there is a gluten-induced small bowel enteropathy leading to malabsorption of various nutrients, vitamins and trace elements. Low levels of serum zinc have been reported in adults with untreated CD. In the present study we related the serum concentration of zinc to the morphology of the small bowel mucosa in 58 children, all under 4 years of age and under investigation for coeliac disease. The mean serum concentration of zinc (mean +/- SD; mumol/L) was significantly lower in children with untreated CD (9.7 +/- 2.0) (n = 11) compared to non-coeliac children without enteropathy (15.1 +/- 2.3) (n = 16) (p < 0.001), coeliac children on a gluten-free diet without enteropathy (14.2 +/- 1.6) (n = 14) (p < 0.001), coeliac children on gluten challenge with enteropathy (14.1 +/- 2.1) (n = 12) (p < 0.001) and coeliac children on gluten challenge without enteropathy (13.8 +/- 1.9) (n = 6) (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Serum zinc concentration is decreased in untreated coeliac children with enteropathy and normalizes on gluten-free diet. A low serum zinc value in a child being investigated for possible CD on clinical grounds can thus be used as a complementary marker for enteropathy indicating further investigation with small bowel biopsy. The hypothetical role of zinc in the pathogenesis of CD is discussed.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*blood
Child, Preschool
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Zinc/*blood},
   ISSN = {0803-5253},
   Accession Number = {19006534},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01085.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hogen Esch, C. E. and Rosen, A. and Auricchio, R. and Romanos, J. and Chmielewska, A. and Putter, H. and Ivarsson, A. and Szajewska, H. and Koning, F. and Wijmenga, C. and Troncone, R. and Mearin, M. L.},
   title = {The PreventCD Study design: towards new strategies for the prevention of coeliac disease},
   journal = {Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {22},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1424-30},
   note = {1473-5687
Hogen Esch, Caroline Elisabeth
Rosen, Anna
Auricchio, Renata
Romanos, Jihane
Chmielewska, Anna
Putter, Hein
Ivarsson, Anneli
Szajewska, Hania
Koning, Frits
Wijmenga, Cisca
Troncone, Riccardo
Mearin, Maria Luisa
PreventCD Study Group
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Dec;22(12):1424-30. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32833fe9ae.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: PreventCD (www.preventcd.com) is a European multicentre study, which studies the influence of infant nutrition, and that of genetic, immunologic and environmental factors, on the risk of developing coeliac disease (CD). The hypothesis is that it is possible to induce tolerance to gluten by introducing small quantities of gluten to infants, preferably while they are still being breast-fed, and that this might also reduce the risk for related autoimmune disorders. AIM: To describe the design of this ongoing European CD research project. METHODS: PreventCD encompasses two study designs and two study populations: (i) a European multicentre study: a prospective, double-blind, randomized dietary-intervention study among infants from families with high risk of CD, and (ii) a Swedish population-based CD screening study among 12-year-olds from the general population, divided into two birth cohorts that differ with respect to infant feeding practices. DISCUSSION: PreventCD is expected to elucidate some of the genetic and immunological mechanisms involved in the process of immune intolerance.},
   keywords = {Bottle Feeding
Breast Feeding
Celiac Disease/etiology/genetics/immunology/physiopathology/*prevention & control
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet
Double-Blind Method
Environment
Europe
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Glutens/*administration & dosage/immunology
HLA Antigens/genetics
Humans
*Immune Tolerance
Infant
*Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Infant, Newborn
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Prospective Studies
*Research Design
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0954-691x},
   Accession Number = {21389794},
   DOI = {10.1097/MEG.0b013e32833fe9ae},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hoggan, R.},
   title = {Data needed},
   journal = {Can Fam Physician},
   volume = {55},
   number = {5},
   pages = {472-3; author reply 473},
   note = {1715-5258
Hoggan, Ron
Comment
Letter
Canada
Can Fam Physician. 2009 May;55(5):472-3; author reply 473.},
   keywords = {Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/*enzymology
Diagnosis, Differential
Diet, Gluten-Free
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology/pathology
Prognosis
Transglutaminases/*metabolism},
   ISSN = {0008-350x},
   Accession Number = {19439696},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Holmes, S.},
   title = {Coeliac disease: symptoms, complications and patient support},
   journal = {Nurs Stand},
   volume = {24},
   number = {35},
   pages = {50-6: quiz 58},
   note = {Holmes, Susan
Journal Article
England
Nurs Stand. 2010 May 5-11;24(35):50-6: quiz 58.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine precipitated by ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Simply defined as 'gluten-sensitive enteropathy', it is a lifelong disease, which, if untreated, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and management are important to minimise complications.},
   keywords = {Adult
*Celiac Disease/diagnosis/etiology/prevention & control
Child
Diet, Gluten-Free
Dietetics
Early Diagnosis
Food Labeling
Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
Humans
Menu Planning
Nursing Assessment
Patient Education as Topic
Referral and Consultation
Risk Factors
Self Care
Self-Help Groups
Social Support},
   ISSN = {0029-6570 (Print)
0029-6570},
   Accession Number = {20509383},
   DOI = {10.7748/ns2010.05.24.35.50.c7752},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hopman, E. G. and Koopman, H. M. and Wit, J. M. and Mearin, M. L.},
   title = {Dietary compliance and health-related quality of life in patients with coeliac disease},
   journal = {Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {21},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1056-61},
   note = {1473-5687
Hopman, Erica G D
Koopman, Hendrik M
Wit, Jan Maarten
Mearin, Maria Luisa
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Sep;21(9):1056-61. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283267941.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Coeliac disease is treated with a lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). The aim of our study was to investigate whether the dietary (nondietary) compliance is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of coeliac patients. METHODS: Patients from our hospital, known with coeliac disease for more than 10 years, were invited to participate in a study on possible gluten tolerance. HRQoL was assessed by the Short Form-36 health survey, symptoms by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and dietary compliance by a food frequency questionnaire. HRQoL of coeliac patients was compared with that of the general population. RESULTS: Fifty-three biopsy-confirmed coeliac patients were divided into three groups according to gluten consumption: GFD (n = 33), gluten transgression (<10 g gluten/day; n = 8) and normal gluten-containing diet (>10 g gluten/day; n = 12). Compared with the general population, coeliac patients scored significantly worse on general health perception but significantly better on bodily pain and limitations due to physical problems. The results of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and the Short Form-36 health survey were similar in all three dietary groups. CONCLUSION: Although adhering to the GFD is strictly important to prevent future complications, patients who stop following GFD do exist and patients with partial or nonadherence report similar HRQoL compared with patients with strict adherence in this group of adult coeliac patients.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/psychology
Diet, Gluten-Free/*statistics & numerical data
Female
*Health Status
Health Surveys
Humans
Middle Aged
*Patient Compliance/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Quality of Life/psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0954-691x},
   Accession Number = {19209068},
   DOI = {10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283267941},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hosnut, F. O. and Canan, O. and Ozcay, F. and Ozbek, N.},
   title = {Awareness of glucose-6 phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency in celiac disease},
   journal = {Acta Paediatr},
   volume = {99},
   number = {5},
   pages = {786-788},
   note = {1651-2227
Hosnut, F O
Canan, O
Ozcay, F
Ozbek, N
Case Reports
Journal Article
Norway
Acta Paediatr. 2010 May;99(5):786-788. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01669.x. Epub 2010 Jan 7.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: Individuals with celiac disease (CD) are predisposed to a number of haematological abnormalities including anaemia secondary to malabsorption of iron, vitamin B12 or folate; anaemia of chronic disease and coagulopathy secondary to vitamin K deficiency. Correction of coagulopathy with vitamin K is necessary before endoscopic biopsy in patients with suspected CD. However, vitamin K causes haemolysis in glucose-6 phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency. CONCLUSION: When vitamin K administration becomes necessary for correction of coagulopathy in patients with CD; glucose-6 phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency should be considered.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/diet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*blood
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/*complications/diagnosis
Hemolysis
Humans
Infant
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Male
Vitamin K/contraindications
Vitamin K Deficiency/drug therapy/etiology},
   ISSN = {0803-5253},
   Accession Number = {20064138},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01669.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ho-Yen, C. and Chang, F. and van der Walt, J. and Mitchell, T. and Ciclitira, P.},
   title = {Recent advances in refractory coeliac disease: a review},
   journal = {Histopathology},
   volume = {54},
   number = {7},
   pages = {783-95},
   note = {1365-2559
Ho-Yen, C
Chang, F
van der Walt, J
Mitchell, T
Ciclitira, P
Journal Article
Review
England
Histopathology. 2009 Jun;54(7):783-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03112.x. Epub 2009 Aug 12.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease of the small intestine caused by intolerance to gluten. Removal of gluten from the diet results in a return to normal health for the majority of patients. A significant proportion of patients do not respond to a gluten-free diet and are considered to be suffering from refractory coeliac disease (RCD). Two types of RCD are now recognized: type 1 RCD is characterized by a polyclonal population of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with a normal immunophenotype, and type 2 RCD shows monoclonal IELs with an aberrant immunoprofile. Patients with RCD have a high risk of complications such as ulcerative jejunitis (UJ) and enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (ETTL). RCD2 may represent an early stage in the development of overt lymphoma. The diagnosis of RCD, therefore, has important implications, but remains a challenging area. In this paper we review the latest developments in RCD, including the diagnostic approach and a discussion of the key clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of RCD and its complications.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/immunology/therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Enteritis/etiology
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology
Humans
Jejunal Diseases/etiology
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology
Lymphoma, T-Cell/etiology},
   ISSN = {0309-0167},
   Accession Number = {18700844},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03112.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hryniuk, A. and Ross, B. M.},
   title = {A preliminary investigation of exhaled breath from patients with celiac disease using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry},
   journal = {J Gastrointestin Liver Dis},
   volume = {19},
   number = {1},
   pages = {15-20},
   note = {Hryniuk, Alexa
Ross, Brian M
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Romania
J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2010 Mar;19(1):15-20.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Breath diagnostics, the measurement of volatile chemicals in human breath, is currently receiving attention as a technique for the detection of disease which, being non-invasive in nature, is particularly suited to screening for pre-symptomatic disease in healthy populations. A disorder in which more effective screening would be beneficial is celiac disease (CD), an under-diagnosed autoimmune disease of the small intestine characterized by nutritional malabsorption, which presents with diverse, and sometimes serious, symptoms. We aimed to determine whether breath analyses could be used to screen for the presence of CD. METHODS: Based on our hypotheses that malabsorption of dietary carbohydrates would lead to over production of alcohol fermentation products in the large intestine, we investigated levels of alcohols in the breath of 10 patients with CD compared to that in 10 healthy controls using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). RESULTS: No differences were found in the breath levels of methanol, propanol, butanol, heptanol or hexanol investigated using chemical ionization of breath air with H3O+ and/or NO+ precursor ions. In one patient, diagnosed within days of our study and not currently in receipt of any therapeutic intervention, a relatively high production of three product ions was detected compared to all other study patients. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that breath alcohol levels are unlikely to be of diagnostic use in CD, although further investigation of those recently diagnosed with the disorder may be warranted.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Alcohols/metabolism
*Breath Tests
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/metabolism/physiopathology
Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism
*Exhalation
Female
Fermentation
Humans
Intestine, Large/metabolism
Male
*Mass Spectrometry
Middle Aged
Pilot Projects
Predictive Value of Tests
Volatilization},
   ISSN = {1841-8724 (Print)
1841-8724},
   Accession Number = {20361069},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hutchinson, J. M. and West, N. P. and Robins, G. G. and Howdle, P. D.},
   title = {Long-term histological follow-up of people with coeliac disease in a UK teaching hospital},
   journal = {Qjm},
   volume = {103},
   number = {7},
   pages = {511-7},
   note = {1460-2393
Hutchinson, J M
West, N P
Robins, G G
Howdle, P D
Journal Article
England
QJM. 2010 Jul;103(7):511-7. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq076. Epub 2010 Jun 2.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is a relatively common condition which is usually managed by placing patients on a gluten free diet. Follow up biopsies to confirm histological recovery are controversial with a considerable variation in practice observed. AIM: To determine the length of time to histopathological recovery in a group of coeliac disease patients and its associations with clinicopathological data. DESIGN AND METHODS: All patients attending a specialist coeliac disease clinic prior to March 2009 were entered onto a database which recorded various clinicopathological data. The histopathology reports for all duodenal biopsies were reviewed and each biopsy was given a histopathological disease score based on a modified Marsh grade. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-four patients underwent index and at least one subsequent biopsy. Two-hundred and twenty-seven (80%) showed histopathological improvement and 100 (35%) returned to normal (median recovery time 1.9 years, inter-quartile range 1.0-4.8 years). Patients with less severe disease at diagnosis were more likely to show a better response (r = 0.281, P < 0.0001). Older patients demonstrated a shorter time to histopathological recovery (r = -0.200, P = 0.001). Compliance with a gluten free diet was correlated with the best biopsy score (r = -0.134, P = 0.040) and degree of histological recovery (r = 0.161, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Current guidelines for the timing of repeat biopsy after commencing a gluten free diet are unclear, although 4-6 months has been recommended. This study shows that time to histological recovery is longer than traditionally thought and may need to take into account the patient's age at diagnosis, the initial disease score and the level of compliance with a gluten free diet.},
   keywords = {Adult
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*pathology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Disease-Free Survival
Duodenum/*pathology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hospitals, Teaching
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Patient Compliance
Time Factors
United Kingdom},
   ISSN = {1460-2393},
   Accession Number = {20519276},
   DOI = {10.1093/qjmed/hcq076},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Hutyra, T. and Iwanczak, B.},
   title = {[Determination of milk and diary products consumption and their connection with lactose malabsorption or lactose intolerance in selected disorders of the alimentary tract in children]},
   journal = {Pol Merkur Lekarski},
   volume = {26},
   number = {152},
   pages = {110-6},
   note = {Hutyra, Tomasz
Iwanczak, Barbara
English Abstract
Journal Article
Poland
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2009 Feb;26(152):110-6.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: Lactose stimulates proliferation and colonization of acidophilic bacteria, which due to fermentation processes lower colonic pH and simplified absorption of some microelements from the intestine. However, the common problem in children is intolerance of this carbohydrate. Treatment, quite simple, is based on partial or total elimination of lactose from diet. Some substitutional products with equivalent nutritional value should be introduced to prevent deficiencies symptoms during lactose-free diet. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: Determination of milk and dairy products consumption and their connection with lactose malabsorption or lactose intolerance in children above 5 years of age in selected disorders of the alimentary tract: food allergy, celiac disease, secondary enteropathy, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and deficiency of body weight and height. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The number of 301 patients above 5 years of age (135 boys and 166 girls; mean age 11.5 years) were included into the study. Milk and dairy products consumption habits, lactose intolerance symptoms, hydrogen breath test, activity of lactase and villous atrophy were investigated. RESULTS: Decreased sweet milk consumption from, 33.33% in children with food allergy to 55.38% in children with functional indigestion was observed, in spite of gastrointestinal complaints after ingestion of milk. The biggest lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance frequency was observed in children with decreased sweet milk consumption due to complaints after ingestion of milk and in children who didn't drink milk. There were no statistically significant difference between frequency of lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance symptoms in children with different dairy products consumption habits. There were no statistically significant difference between frequency of hypolactasia in children with different sweet milk or dairy products consumption habits. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent (33-55%) decreased sweet milk consumption in children in spite of clinical symptoms after ingestion of milk was observed. The biggest lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance symptoms frequency was observed in children who didn't drink milk and in children with decreased consumption of sweet milk due to complaints after ingestion of milk. There were no statistically significant difference between frequency of lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance in children with different dairy products consumption habits.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Animals
Cattle
Causality
Child
Child, Preschool
Dairy Products/*utilization
Digestive System Diseases/epidemiology
Drinking
Eating
Female
Humans
Lactose Intolerance/*epidemiology
Male
Milk/*utilization
Poland/epidemiology},
   ISSN = {1426-9686 (Print)
1426-9686},
   Accession Number = {19388514},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Intrieri, M. and Rinaldi, A. and Scudiero, O. and Autiero, G. and Castaldo, G. and Nardone, G.},
   title = {Low expression of human beta-defensin 1 in duodenum of celiac patients is partially restored by a gluten-free diet},
   journal = {Clin Chem Lab Med},
   volume = {48},
   number = {4},
   pages = {489-92},
   note = {1437-4331
Intrieri, Mariano
Rinaldi, Assunta
Scudiero, Olga
Autiero, Giovanni
Castaldo, Giuseppe
Nardone, Gerardo
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010 Apr;48(4):489-92. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2010.098.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are small cationic, widely expressed proteins involved in innate immunity that exert strong bactericidal activity toward various pathogens. However, the role of hBDs in various diseases to which bacterial infection add severity, as it is in celiac disease (CD), is not yet clear. We analyzed the expression of the hBD1, hBD2, hBD3 and hBD4 genes in patients with CD during the active phase and after remission following a gluten-free diet to determine their role in development and relapse of CD. METHODS: We studied 21 unrelated adults with CD (confirmed by anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and intestinal biopsy); 14 were evaluated at diagnosis, before diet modification, and seven after 2 years of a gluten-free diet. Thirty-six unrelated adults served as controls. We analyzed the mRNA expression of hBD1, 2, 3 and 4 on biopsy samples of duodenum obtained from all patients during endoscopy for diagnostic purposes. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes and obtained gene expression data using the delta-Ct method. RESULTS: hBD1 mRNA was significantly lower in patients with active CD compared with patients on diet modification, whereas the mRNA levels of the other three defensins did not differ significantly between the two subgroups. Interestingly, the gluten-free diet restored only partially hBD1 expression as compared to a normal group of celiac-free subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reinforce the evidence that hBD1 expression is greatly reduced in the duodenum of patients with active CD. It also strengthens the concept that reduced activity of immune peptides may predispose individuals to bacterial proliferation that contributes to the pathogenesis of CD.},
   keywords = {Adult
Autoantibodies/analysis/immunology
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/genetics/*metabolism
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/*metabolism
Humans
RNA, Messenger/metabolism
Recurrence
beta-Defensins/genetics/*metabolism},
   ISSN = {1434-6621},
   Accession Number = {20128731},
   DOI = {10.1515/cclm.2010.098},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ionita-Radu, F. and Patrasescu, M.},
   title = {Celiac disease--a continuous challenge},
   journal = {Rom J Intern Med},
   volume = {48},
   number = {3},
   pages = {233-7},
   note = {Ionita-Radu, Florentina
Patrasescu, M
Journal Article
Germany
Rom J Intern Med. 2010;48(3):233-7.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an immune mediated enteropathy with an increasing prevalence worldwide. It is estimated that 1% of general population in Europe is suffering from this ailment. The clinically silent form affects the majority of patients. Hence, diarrhea, nutritional deficiencies and weight loss are symptoms which are not very often seen. Nonspecific complaints like headaches and joint pain have the potential to delay the diagnosis. The high risk groups have been identified to be those patients suffering from autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, Sjogren's syndrome and the first degree relatives of CD patients. Those patients should be screened for CD. The association of CD with several autoimmune ailments has various explanations ranging from common genotypes to systemic immune reactions triggered by food antigens. CD is, nevertheless, an autoimmune disorder triggered by an environmental antigen (gluten) but, as opposed to other autoimmune disorders in which the pathogenic process is self-sustained, the removal of gluten from diet results in relatively fast resolution of histological and serological markers.},
   keywords = {Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology/therapy
Humans
Sjogren's Syndrome/epidemiology
Skin Diseases/epidemiology},
   ISSN = {1220-4749 (Print)
1220-4749},
   Accession Number = {21528748},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ivanovski, P. and Nikolic, D. and Dimitrijevic, N. and Ivanovski, I. and Perisic, V.},
   title = {Erythrocytic transglutaminase inhibition hemolysis at presentation of celiac disease},
   journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {16},
   number = {44},
   pages = {5647-50},
   note = {2219-2840
Ivanovski, Petar
Nikolic, Dimitrije
Dimitrijevic, Nikola
Ivanovski, Ivan
Perisic, Vojislav
Case Reports
Journal Article
United States
World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov 28;16(44):5647-50.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune condition. Previously it was considered to be a rare childhood disorder, but is actually considered a relatively common condition, present at any age, which may have multiple complications and manifestations. Hematological disorders of the disease are not uncommon. Among these disorders, the most frequently reported are anemias as a result of iron deficiency, often associated with folate and/or B12 deficiency. Anemias caused by hemolysis are very rarely reported in celiac patients. An 11-year-old girl with a previous uneventful medical history presented with severe hemolytic anemia. Hemolysis was Coombs negative, accompanied by inappropriate low reticulocyte count, despite exaggerated bone marrow hyperplasia of the erythroid precursors which showed normal maturation. Serology for recent infections, including Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus and mycoplasma, were all negative. Levels of serum IgA, IgG and IgM, were all within normal ranges for age. Screening for anti-DNA, antinuclear, antineutrophil cytoplasmic, antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin, and antimitochondrial antibodies and lupus anticoagulants, was negative. She was also negative for human immunodeficiency virus. Conventional therapy with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin failed. CD was serendipitously discovered upon screening for anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies. The disease was confirmed by biopsy of the small intestine mucosa. The patient recovered with gluten-free diet. A unique case of CD is presented. CD should be serologically screened in each patient with Coombs negative "immune" hemolytic anemia, particularly if accompanied by "reticulocytopenia". A new hemolytic mechanism and very speculative explanation for "reticulocytopenia" are discussed.},
   keywords = {Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/blood/*etiology/immunology/therapy
Autoantibodies/*blood
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy/immunology
Child
Diet, Gluten-Free
Erythrocyte Transfusion
Erythrocytes/*enzymology
Female
GTP-Binding Proteins
Humans
Reticulocytosis
Transglutaminases/*immunology
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {1007-9327},
   Accession Number = {21105201},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Jabri, B. and Sollid, L. M.},
   title = {Tissue-mediated control of immunopathology in coeliac disease},
   journal = {Nat Rev Immunol},
   volume = {9},
   number = {12},
   pages = {858-70},
   note = {1474-1741
Jabri, Bana
Sollid, Ludvig M
P30DK42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01DK063158/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01DK58727/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
England
Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Dec;9(12):858-70. doi: 10.1038/nri2670.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease is an inflammatory disorder with autoimmune features that is characterized by destruction of the intestinal epithelium and remodelling of the intestinal mucosa following the ingestion of dietary gluten. A common feature of coeliac disease and many organ-specific autoimmune diseases is a central role for T cells in causing tissue destruction. In this Review, we discuss the emerging hypothesis that, in coeliac disease, intestinal tissue inflammation--induced either by infectious agents or by gluten--is crucial for activating T cells and eliciting their tissue-destructive effector functions.},
   keywords = {Animals
Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/immunology
Celiac Disease/genetics/*immunology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Glutens/immunology
Humans
Inflammation/immunology
Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology
T-Lymphocytes/*immunology},
   ISSN = {1474-1733},
   Accession Number = {19935805},
   DOI = {10.1038/nri2670},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Jackson, F. W.},
   title = {Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult human subjects - comment by Jackson},
   journal = {Br J Nutr},
   volume = {104},
   number = {5},
   pages = {773},
   note = {1475-2662
Jackson, Frank W
Comment
Letter
England
Br J Nutr. 2010 Sep;104(5):773. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510001960. Epub 2010 May 14.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/diet therapy
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology
Humans
Infant
Inulin
Oligosaccharides
*Prebiotics
*Triticum},
   ISSN = {0007-1145},
   Accession Number = {20465858},
   DOI = {10.1017/s0007114510001960},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Jamma, S. and Rubio-Tapia, A. and Kelly, C. P. and Murray, J. and Najarian, R. and Sheth, S. and Schuppan, D. and Dennis, M. and Leffler, D. A.},
   title = {Celiac crisis is a rare but serious complication of celiac disease in adults},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {8},
   number = {7},
   pages = {587-90},
   note = {1542-7714
Jamma, Shailaja
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto
Kelly, Ciaran P
Murray, Joseph
Najarian, Robert
Sheth, Sunil
Schuppan, Detlef
Dennis, Melinda
Leffler, Daniel A
T32 AI07047/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
K23 DK082619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
T32 AI007047-24/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK057892/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK57892/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK057892-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
T32 AI007047/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jul;8(7):587-90. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.009. Epub 2010 Apr 24.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Celiac crisis is a life-threatening syndrome in which patients with celiac disease have profuse diarrhea and severe metabolic disturbances. Celiac crisis is rare among adults and not well documented. To improve awareness of this condition and to facilitate diagnosis, we reviewed cases of celiac crisis to identify presenting features, formulate diagnostic criteria, and develop treatment strategies. METHODS: Cases of biopsy-proven celiac disease were reviewed. Celiac crisis was defined as acute onset or rapid progression of gastrointestinal symptoms that could be attributed to celiac disease and required hospitalization and/or parenteral nutrition, along with signs or symptoms of dehydration or malnutrition. RESULTS: Twelve patients met preset criteria for celiac crisis; 11 developed celiac crisis before they were diagnosed with celiac disease. Eleven patients had increased titres of transglutaminase antibodies and 1 had immunoglobulin A deficiency. Results of biopsy analyses of duodenum samples from all patients were consistent with a Marsh 3 score (33% with total villous atrophy). Patients presented with severe dehydration, renal dysfunction, and electrolyte disturbances. All patients required hospitalization and intravenous fluids, 6 required corticosteroids, and 5 required parenteral nutrition. All patients eventually had a full response to a gluten-free diet. CONCLUSIONS: Celiac crisis has a high morbidity and, although rarely described, occurs in adults and often has a clear precipitating factor. Patients who present with severe unexplained diarrhea and malabsorption should be tested for celiac disease; treatment with systemic steroids or oral budesonide should be considered. Nutritional support often is required in the short term but most patients ultimately respond to gluten avoidance.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
Budesonide/therapeutic use
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/*pathology
Critical Illness/*epidemiology
Dehydration/etiology
Diet
Female
Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology
Hospitalization
Humans
Male
Malnutrition/etiology
Middle Aged
Parenteral Nutrition
Steroids/therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {20417725},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.009},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Jhaveri, K. D. and D'Agati, V. D. and Pursell, R. and Serur, D.},
   title = {Coeliac sprue-associated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)},
   journal = {Nephrol Dial Transplant},
   volume = {24},
   number = {11},
   pages = {3545-8},
   note = {1460-2385
Jhaveri, Kenar D
D'Agati, Vivette D
Pursell, Robert
Serur, David
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Nov;24(11):3545-8. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp353. Epub 2009 Jul 22.},
   abstract = {Coeliac sprue (CS) may occur in association with immune complex-mediated diseases, including IgA nephropathy, dermatitis herpetiformis and thyroiditis. An association of CS with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type 1 is rare, with only two prior cases reported. Here we describe a 45-year-old man with no prior medical history who presented initially with microhaematuria, subnephrotic proteinuria and hypocomplementaemia. A renal biopsy revealed MPGN type 1 with negative serologic workup for secondary causes. The patient was treated conservatively with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Several months later, he developed daily non-bloody diarrhoea and was found to have worsening hypoalbuminaemia, hypophosphataemia and severe iron deficiency anaemia. A diagnosis of CS was established based on elevated tTGA (IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase) antibody and positive IgA antiendomysial antibody titres. Proteinuria resolved completely following the initiation of a gluten-free diet, without the use of immunosuppressive therapy and despite tapering of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This case illustrates that CS-associated MPGN may precede overt clinical evidence of coeliac disease and may respond to gluten-free diet, without resort to immunosuppressive therapy.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications/immunology/therapy
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/*etiology/pathology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Kidney/pathology
Male
Middle Aged},
   ISSN = {0931-0509},
   Accession Number = {19625370},
   DOI = {10.1093/ndt/gfp353},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Jiang, L. L. and Zhang, B. L. and Liu, Y. S.},
   title = {Is adult celiac disease really uncommon in Chinese?},
   journal = {J Zhejiang Univ Sci B},
   volume = {10},
   number = {3},
   pages = {168-71},
   note = {Jiang, Ling-ling
Zhang, Bing-ling
Liu, You-shi
Journal Article
China
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2009 Mar;10(3):168-71. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B0820164.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is a type of intestinal malabsorption syndrome, in which the patients are intolerant to the gliadin in dietary gluten, resulting in chronic diarrhea and secondary malnutrition. The disease is common in Europe and the United States, but only sporadic reports are found in East Asia including China. Is CD really rare in China? We examined 62 patients by capsule endoscopy for chronic diarrhea from June 2003 to March 2008. Four patients with chronic diarrhea and weight loss were diagnosed to have CD. Under the capsule endoscopy, we observed that the villi of the proximal small bowel became short, and that the mucous membrane became atrophied in these four patients. Duodenal biopsies were performed during gastroscopy and the pathological changes of mucosa were confirmed to be Marsh 3 stage of CD. A gluten free diet significantly improved the conditions of the four patients. We suspect that in China, especially in the northern area where wheat is the main food, CD might not be uncommon, and its under-diagnosis could be caused by its clinical manifestations that could be easily covered by the symptoms from other clinical situations, particularly when it came to subclinical patients without obvious symptom or to patients with extraintestinal symptoms as the initial manifestations.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
*Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Celiac Disease/*epidemiology/pathology/physiopathology
China/epidemiology
Endoscopy
Female
Gastroscopy
Humans
Male
Middle Aged},
   ISSN = {1673-1581 (Print)
1673-1581},
   Accession Number = {19283870},
   DOI = {10.1631/jzus.B0820164},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Jorda, F. C. and Lopez Vivancos, J.},
   title = {Fatigue as a determinant of health in patients with celiac disease},
   journal = {J Clin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {44},
   number = {6},
   pages = {423-7},
   note = {1539-2031
Jorda, Francesc Casellas
Lopez Vivancos, Josefa
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 Jul;44(6):423-7. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181c41d12.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symptoms of uncontrolled celiac disease impair patients' health-related quality of life, which improves with the exclusion of gluten from the diet. A symptom frequently reported, but difficult to make objective, is fatigue. The Daily Fatigue Impact Scale (D-FIS) questionnaire consisting of 8 items, each scored on a 0 to 4 point scale, with lower scores reflecting greater fatigue, was employed to measure fatigue in celiac patients. GOALS: To assess the influence of fatigue on perception of health in celiac disease patients determined as their quality of life. STUDY: Prospective, cross-sectional study in celiac disease patients diagnosed by serology and histology. Instruments used were the D-FIS to measure fatigue and the generic EuroQol5D to measure quality of life. An additional question on the frequency of problems due to fatigue, scored on a 7-point Likert scale, was used to evaluate the importance of fatigue. RESULTS (IN MEDIANS): In all, 51 patients were included (13 untreated and 38 treated with a gluten-free diet). D-FIS score was significantly worse in untreated celiacs (16.0 vs. 3.0, P<0.001). Scores on the frequency scale of fatigue-related problems were also worse in untreated celiacs (2.0 vs. 6.0, P<0.001). Fatigue and quality-of-life scores were inversely correlated (r=-0.6, P<0.001). Fatigue severity was also greater in patients with worse quality of life (13.0 vs. 2.0, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed fatigue to be an independent determinant of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue is a major concern in untreated celiac disease patients, which impacts their quality of life.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/*physiopathology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet, Gluten-Free
Fatigue/*physiopathology
Female
Health Status
Humans
Male
*Quality of Life
Severity of Illness Index
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0192-0790},
   Accession Number = {19935081},
   DOI = {10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181c41d12},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Jordan, R. and Boulton, R. and Heydtmann, M.},
   title = {An alcoholic presenting fits},
   journal = {Clin Med (Lond)},
   volume = {9},
   number = {3},
   pages = {291-2},
   note = {Jordan, Robert
Boulton, Ralph
Heydtmann, Mathis
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
Clin Med (Lond). 2009 Jun;9(3):291-2.},
   keywords = {Alcoholism/*complications
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis
Diet, Gluten-Free
Emergency Service, Hospital
Fatal Outcome
Hematemesis/etiology
Humans
Hypocalcemia/*etiology
Male
Melena/etiology
Middle Aged
Patient Compliance
Seizures/*etiology},
   ISSN = {1470-2118 (Print)
1470-2118},
   Accession Number = {19634401},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kallel, R. and Krichen-Makni, S. and Ellouze, S. and Chaari, C. and Charfi, S. and Sellami, A. and Tahri, M. N. and Hachicha, M. and Sellami-Boudawara, T.},
   title = {[Histological features of celiac disease in south Tunisia: a study of 114 pediatric cases]},
   journal = {Tunis Med},
   volume = {87},
   number = {4},
   pages = {262-6},
   note = {Kallel, Rim
Krichen-Makni, Saloua
Ellouze, Sameh
Chaari, Chiraz
Charfi, Slim
Sellami, Ahmed
Tahri, Mohamed-Nabil
Hachicha, Mongia
Sellami-Boudawara, Tahya
English Abstract
Journal Article
Tunisia
Tunis Med. 2009 Apr;87(4):262-6.},
   abstract = {AIM: To report the histological features of celiac disease in a paediatric population originating from south Tunisia. METHODS: A retrospective study of a series of duodenal biopsies from 114 children with celiac disease diagnosed over a period of 6 years (from January 1999 to December 2004). The diagnosis was confirmed by histological results, serological studies and clinical response to gluten free diet. RESULTS: The average age of patients was of 6.2 years (range 6 months-15 years). Sex ratio was 0.71. Symptoms were dominated by chronic diarrhea (48%), weight loss (50%) and anemia (20.1%). Histological findings showed an intraepithelial lymphocytosis (Marsh type 1) in 12.2% of cases, type 2 was present in 1.7% of cases and type 3 (villous atrophy) in 86% of cases. A treatment with a gluten-free diet was indicated for all patients, only the cases who haven't presented a clinical amelioration (11 cases) have beneficed a control biopsie; a villous atrophy was persistent in 80% of this patients. CONCLUSION: Histological features in duodenal biopsies for the diagnosis and the follow-up of patients with coeliac disease. This allows an appropriate treatment and prevents further complications.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*pathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Duodenum/pathology
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Retrospective Studies
Tunisia},
   ISSN = {0041-4131 (Print)
0041-4131},
   Accession Number = {19835283},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kamienska, E. and Urasinski, T. and Gawlikowska-Sroka, A. and Glura, B. and Pogorzelski, A.},
   title = {Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in a 9-year-old girl},
   journal = {Eur J Med Res},
   volume = {14 Suppl 4},
   pages = {112-5},
   note = {Kamienska, E
Urasinski, T
Gawlikowska-Sroka, A
Glura, B
Pogorzelski, A
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
Eur J Med Res. 2009 Dec 7;14 Suppl 4:112-5.},
   abstract = {Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by hemoptysis, dyspnoea, alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph and various degrees of anemia. It may occur either as a primary disease of the lungs or a secondary condition due to cardiac, systemic vascular, collagen or renal diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a separate form of DAH of unknown origin, associated in some cases with celiac disease. The estimated incidence of IPH in children is 0.24-1.23 cases per million, with a mortality rate as high as 50%. Only about 500 cases of this disease have been described in medical literature. We present a case of a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with IPH, which was confirmed by the presence of many hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage obtained by bronchofiberoscopy. Therapy with glucocorticoids was initiated with a partial and transient response. Azathioprine and a gluten-free diet were subsequently introduced. However, the girl still suffers from recurrent episodes of hemoptysis, dyspnea and anemia.},
   keywords = {Child
Female
Hemosiderosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology
Humans
Lung Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology},
   ISSN = {0949-2321 (Print)
0949-2321},
   Accession Number = {20156739},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kang, C. M. and Choi, S. H. and Hwang, H. K. and Kim, D. H. and Yoon, C. I. and Lee, W. J.},
   title = {Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with division of the pancreatic neck for benign and borderline malignant tumor in the proximal body of the pancreas},
   journal = {J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A},
   volume = {20},
   number = {7},
   pages = {581-6},
   note = {1557-9034
Kang, Chang Moo
Choi, Sung Hoon
Hwang, Ho Kyoung
Kim, Dong Hyun
Yoon, Chang Ik
Lee, Woo Jung
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2010 Sep;20(7):581-6. doi: 10.1089/lap.2009.0348.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (DP) is now regarded as a safe, effective treatment modality; however, pancreatic transections are mostly believed to be somewhere between the body and tail of the pancreas. Laparoscopic DP, with its division at the pancreatic neck (subtotal pancreatectomy [STP]), is more challenging because there are major vascular structures, such as the celiac axis, coronary vein, and superior mesenteric vein-splenic vein-portal vein (SMV-SV-PV) confluence around the pancreatic neck portion to be dissected. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients underwent laparoscopic STP with pancreatic division at the level of SMV-SV-PV confluence for benign and borderline pancreatic disease. RESULTS: Three patients were male and 7 were female, with a median age of 60 years (range, 28-73). All patients had benign or borderline malignant tumors in the body near the neck of the pancreas, with a median tumor size of 3 cm (range, 1-9.2). The operation time was a median of 287.5 minutes (range, 160-480). The intraopeative bleeding was a median of 300 mL (range, 100-700). Spleen preservation was carried out in 8 patients. Compared with open DP with the division of the pancreatic neck, a more frequent rate of spleen preservation (P = 0.004), longer operation time (P = 0.006), and early postoperative recovery presented by early intake of a soft diet (P = 0.001) and earlier discharge (P = 0.03) were significantly more frequent in the laparoscopic STP group. In a comparative study with laparoscopic DP, the longer segment of resected pancreas (P < 0.001), smaller amount of blood loss (P = 0.019), and high rate of spleen preservation (P = 0.019) were also noted in the laparoscopic STP group. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic DP with division of the pancreatic neck is considered feasible and safe.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Female
Humans
Laparoscopy
Male
Middle Aged
Pancreas/surgery
Pancreatectomy/*methods
Pancreatic Diseases/*surgery
Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery
Retrospective Studies
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1092-6429},
   Accession Number = {20629517},
   DOI = {10.1089/lap.2009.0348},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kapoerchan, V. V. and Wiesner, M. and Hillaert, U. and Drijfhout, J. W. and Overhand, M. and Alard, P. and van der Marel, G. A. and Overkleeft, H. S. and Koning, F.},
   title = {Design, synthesis and evaluation of high-affinity binders for the celiac disease associated HLA-DQ2 molecule},
   journal = {Mol Immunol},
   volume = {47},
   number = {5},
   pages = {1091-7},
   note = {1872-9142
Kapoerchan, Varsha V
Wiesner, Martina
Hillaert, Ulrik
Drijfhout, Jan W
Overhand, Mark
Alard, Philippe
van der Marel, Gijs A
Overkleeft, Hermen S
Koning, Frits
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Mol Immunol. 2010 Feb;47(5):1091-7. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.036. Epub 2009 Dec 3.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is caused by uncontrolled CD4 T-cell responses directed to wheat-derived gluten peptides bound to the disease predisposing HLA-DQ molecules. The only available treatment is a life-long gluten-free diet which is complicated by the widespread use of wheat-derived gluten in the food industry. As the binding of gluten-derived peptides is a prerequisite for the induction of the inflammatory T-cell response, blockers that would prevent gluten peptide binding to the HLA-DQ molecules might be used as an alternative to the gluten-free diet. In the present study we have analyzed the binding properties of a set of previously identified natural ligands for HLA-DQ2, the primary disease predisposing allele. An in silico method, Epibase, ranked these peptides and the top one, a peptide with a nine amino acid core FVAEYEPVL, was measured among these peptides as the peptide with the highest binding affinity for HLA-DQ2. In a stepwise approach we subsequently tested the impact of N-terminal extensions and systematic single amino acid substitutions within the core of this peptide which revealed that an N-terminal extension with the tripeptide sequence ADA increased binding affinity 5- to 6-fold. In addition the substitution analysis indicated which amino acids were most preferred at anchor residues in the lead peptide, generally leading to an increase of binding affinity with a factor of 2. Next we tested which combinations of such preferred amino acids yielded the best results. The combined results indicate that a peptide with sequence ADAYDYESEELFAA (core in bold) had superior binding properties. This peptide was chosen as a lead peptide for further optimization with non-natural amino acids at the p1 position, since molecular modeling indicated that none of the natural amino acids is able to optimally occupy the p1 pocket. A set of 8 non-proteinogenic amino acids was designed, synthesized and incorporated in the lead peptide (and in two control peptides) and tested for binding to HLA-DQ2. The results indicate that the effect of the incorporation of these non-proteinogenic amino acids depended on the peptide in which they were incorporated and that the maximum increase in binding affinity obtained was approximately 2-fold. Altogether lead sequences were obtained that have a binding affinity for HLA-DQ2 that is 100- to 200-fold higher compared to that of the gluten-derived peptide that has the highest affinity for HLA-DQ2. Such peptides are candidate lead peptides for further optimization. Our results, however, also indicate that in order to obtain further significant increases in binding affinity alternative approaches will have to be explored.},
   keywords = {Alleles
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Celiac Disease/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Glutens/genetics/*immunology
HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics/*immunology
Humans
Peptides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/genetics/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0161-5890},
   Accession Number = {19962195},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.036},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kaukinen, K. and Collin, P. and Maki, M.},
   title = {[Celiac disease--a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge]},
   journal = {Duodecim},
   volume = {126},
   number = {3},
   pages = {245-54},
   note = {Kaukinen, Katri
Collin, Pekka
Maki, Markku
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
Finland
Duodecim. 2010;126(3):245-54.},
   abstract = {The actual prevalence of celiac disease in the Finnish adult population is already more than 2%. By using sensitive and precise celiac disease antibody tests it is possible to find the correct patients for further investigations. The diagnosis is still based on the gluten-induced villous atrophy found in a biopsy of the small intestine, but celiac disease begins before the development of villous damage. Elevated levels of anti-endomysium or anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in a patient with normal intestinal villi are indicative of a developing celiac disease. On a perpetual gluten-free diet, patients remain asymptomatic and capable of working and functioning.},
   keywords = {Atrophy/pathology
Autoantibodies
Biopsy/methods
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology/*therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Finland/epidemiology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology},
   ISSN = {0012-7183 (Print)
0012-7183},
   Accession Number = {20402035},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kaukinen, K. and Lindfors, K. and Collin, P. and Koskinen, O. and Maki, M.},
   title = {Coeliac disease--a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge},
   journal = {Clin Chem Lab Med},
   volume = {48},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1205-16},
   note = {1437-4331
Kaukinen, Katri
Lindfors, Katri
Collin, Pekka
Koskinen, Outi
Maki, Markku
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Germany
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010 Sep;48(9):1205-16. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2010.241.},
   abstract = {During the past 20 years the diagnosis of coeliac disease has improved significantly. However, at the same time the true prevalence of the condition has doubled, involving more than 2% of the population in some countries. Due to mild or atypical symptoms, the diagnosis remains a challenge for the health care system. Highly sensitive and specific serum endomysial and transglutaminase-2 antibody tests are helpful in identifying patients for diagnostic endoscopy and small-bowel biopsy. The diagnosis of the disease is still based on the demonstration of gluten-induced small-bowel mucosal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia. However, coeliac disease may manifest itself before the development of the overt small-intestinal lesion. Positive endomysial and transglutaminase antibodies in patients with normal small-bowel mucosal villous architecture may indicate early stage coeliac disease. Currently, the only effective treatment for the condition is a life-long strict gluten-free diet. Long-term regular follow-up of patients is recommended in order to maintain good adherence to the diet.},
   keywords = {Animals
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/etiology/genetics/*therapy
Humans
Prevalence},
   ISSN = {1434-6621},
   Accession Number = {20578966},
   DOI = {10.1515/cclm.2010.241},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kemppainen, T. A. and Heikkinen, M. T. and Ristikankare, M. K. and Kosma, V. M. and Julkunen, R. J.},
   title = {Nutrient intakes during diets including unkilned and large amounts of oats in celiac disease},
   journal = {Eur J Clin Nutr},
   volume = {64},
   number = {1},
   pages = {62-7},
   note = {1476-5640
Kemppainen, T A
Heikkinen, M T
Ristikankare, M K
Kosma, V-M
Julkunen, R J
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan;64(1):62-7. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.113. Epub 2009 Sep 16.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We have shown earlier that consumption of moderate amount of oats improve intakes of vitamin B(1), fiber, magnesium and iron in celiac patients using gluten-free diet (GFD). The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of high amount of both kilned and unkilned oats on food and nutrient intakes in celiac patients in remission. Kilning as an industrial heating process is performed to preserve the main properties of oats and to lengthen its useableness. Kilning may, however, change the protein structure of oats and therefore influence on the intake of nutrients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study group consisted of 13 men and 18 women with celiac disease in remission. The patients who were earlier using moderate amount of oats as part of their GFD were randomized to consume kilned or unkilned oats. After 6 months, the patients changed the treatment groups. The goal of daily intake of oats was 100 g. Food records and frequency questionnaire were used to follow nutrient intakes. RESULTS: Type of oats did not affect the amount of oats used. In the group using kilned oats, the intake of vitamin B1 and magnesium and in the group of unkilned oats that of magnesium and zinc increased significantly during the first 6 months (P<or=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: :Large amounts of oats, both kilned and unkilned in GFD, can increase intakes of nutrients in celiac patients in remission. Oats improve the nutritional value of GFD.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
*Avena/chemistry
*Celiac Disease/diet therapy
*Diet
Energy Intake/*drug effects
Female
*Food Handling
Humans
Male
Micronutrients/*administration & dosage
Middle Aged
Plant Preparations/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0954-3007},
   Accession Number = {19756027},
   DOI = {10.1038/ejcn.2009.113},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Khashan, A. S. and Henriksen, T. B. and Mortensen, P. B. and McNamee, R. and McCarthy, F. P. and Pedersen, M. G. and Kenny, L. C.},
   title = {The impact of maternal celiac disease on birthweight and preterm birth: a Danish population-based cohort study},
   journal = {Hum Reprod},
   volume = {25},
   number = {2},
   pages = {528-34},
   note = {1460-2350
Khashan, A S
Henriksen, T B
Mortensen, P B
McNamee, R
McCarthy, F P
Pedersen, M G
Kenny, L C
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Hum Reprod. 2010 Feb;25(2):528-34. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dep409. Epub 2009 Nov 24.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adverse pregnancy outcomes have been associated with maternal celiac disease (CD). In this study, we investigate the effect of treated and untreated maternal CD on infant birthweight and preterm birth. METHODS: A population-based cohort study consisted of all singleton live births in Denmark between 1 January 1979 and 31 December 2004 was used. A total of 1,504,342 babies were born to 836,241 mothers during the study period. Of those, 1105 babies were born to women with diagnosed CD and 346 were born to women with undiagnosed CD. Women with diagnosed CD were considered as treated with a gluten free diet while women with undiagnosed CD were considered as untreated. The outcome measures were: birthweight, small for gestational age (SGA: birthweight <10th centile), very small for gestational age (VSGA: birthweight <5th centile) and preterm birth. We compared these measures in treated and untreated women with those of a reference group (no history of CD). RESULTS: Women with untreated CD delivered smaller babies [difference = -98 g (95% CI: -130, -67)], with a higher risk of SGA infants [OR = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.63)], VSGA infants [OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.03)] and preterm birth [OR = 1.33 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.72)] compared with women without CD. Women with treated CD had no increased risk of reduced mean birthweight, risk of delivering SGA and VSGA infants or preterm birth compared with women without CD. CONCLUSION: Untreated maternal CD increases the risk of reduced birthweight, the risk of delivering SGA and VSGA infants and preterm birth. Diagnosis and presumed treatment of maternal CD with a gluten-free diet appeared to result in a birthweight and preterm birth rate similar to those in women without CD.},
   keywords = {Adult
*Birth Weight
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*epidemiology
Cohort Studies
Denmark/epidemiology
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
*Infant, Premature
*Infant, Small for Gestational Age
*Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
Male
Pregnancy
*Pregnancy Complications
*Pregnancy Outcome},
   ISSN = {0268-1161},
   Accession Number = {19939833},
   DOI = {10.1093/humrep/dep409},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Khashan, A. S. and Kenny, L. C. and McNamee, R. and Mortensen, P. B. and Pedersen, M. G. and McCarthy, F. P. and Henriksen, T. B.},
   title = {Undiagnosed coeliac disease in a father does not influence birthweight and preterm birth},
   journal = {Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol},
   volume = {24},
   number = {4},
   pages = {363-9},
   note = {1365-3016
Khashan, Ali S
Kenny, Louise C
McNamee, Roseanne
Mortensen, Preben B
Pedersen, Marianne G
McCarthy, Fergus P
Henriksen, Tine B
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2010 Jul 1;24(4):363-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01125.x.},
   abstract = {There is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of coeliac disease (CD) in the father on birthweight and preterm birth. We investigated the association between paternal CD and birthweight and preterm birth. Medical records of all singleton live-born children in Denmark between 1 January 1979 and 31 December 2004 were linked to information about parents' diseases. Fathers who were diagnosed with CD were then identified. Fathers with CD were considered treated if they were diagnosed before pregnancy and untreated if they were diagnosed after the date of conception. The outcome measures were: birthweight, small-for-gestational age (birthweight<10th centile for gestational age) and preterm birth (<37 weeks). We compared the offspring of men without CD (n = 1 472 352) and offspring of those with CD [untreated (n = 138) and treated (n = 473)]. There was no significant association between untreated CD in the father and birthweight (adjusted mean difference = -3 g; [95% CI -46, 40]) or preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, [95% CI 0.53, 1.37]) (compared with no CD). There was some evidence for an association between treated paternal CD and birthweight (adjusted mean difference = -81 g; [95% CI -161, -3]), but not preterm birth (adjusted OR = 1.76, [95% CI 0.95, 3.26]). Untreated paternal CD was not associated with an increased risk of reduced birthweight, or of preterm birth. There was some evidence that diagnosis and presumed treatment of paternal CD with a gluten-free diet is associated with reduced birthweight.},
   keywords = {Adult
*Birth Weight
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*epidemiology
Denmark/epidemiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
*Fathers
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome
Premature Birth/*epidemiology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0269-5022},
   Accession Number = {20618726},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01125.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kirby, M. and Danner, E.},
   title = {Nutritional deficiencies in children on restricted diets},
   journal = {Pediatr Clin North Am},
   volume = {56},
   number = {5},
   pages = {1085-103},
   note = {1557-8240
Kirby, Midge
Danner, Elaine
Journal Article
Review
United States
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Oct;56(5):1085-103. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.07.003.},
   abstract = {Pediatric nutritional deficiencies are associated not only with poverty and developing countries, but also in children in the developed world who adhere to restricted diets. At times, these diets are medically necessary, such as the gluten-free diet for management of celiac disease or exclusion diets in children with food allergies. At other times, the diets are self-selected by children with behavioral disorders, or parent-selected because of nutrition misinformation, cultural preferences, alternative nutrition therapies, or misconceptions regarding food tolerance. Health care providers must be vigilant in monitoring both growth and feeding patterns to identify inappropriate dietary changes that may result in nutritional deficiencies.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/diet therapy
Child
Child, Preschool
Developmental Disabilities/etiology
Diet/*adverse effects
Diet, Gluten-Free/adverse effects
Diet, Macrobiotic/adverse effects
Diet, Reducing/adverse effects
Diet, Vegetarian/adverse effects
*Dietary Supplements
Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects
Food Hypersensitivity/diet therapy
Humans
Ketogenic Diet/adverse effects
Malnutrition/complications/diagnosis/*diet therapy/*etiology/metabolism
Micronutrients/*administration & dosage
Milk Hypersensitivity/diet therapy
Minerals/administration & dosage
Nutrition Assessment
Nutritional Requirements
Nutritional Status
Trace Elements/administration & dosage
Vitamins/administration & dosage},
   ISSN = {0031-3955},
   Accession Number = {19931065},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.pcl.2009.07.003},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Klack, K. and Pereira, R. M. and de Carvalho, J. F.},
   title = {Uveitis in celiac disease with an excellent response to gluten-free diet: third case described},
   journal = {Rheumatol Int},
   volume = {31},
   number = {3},
   pages = {399-402},
   note = {1437-160x
Klack, Karin
Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues
de Carvalho, Jozelio Freire
Case Reports
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Rheumatol Int. 2011 Mar;31(3):399-402. doi: 10.1007/s00296-009-1177-z. Epub 2009 Oct 14.},
   abstract = {To describe the case of a patient with celiac disease who achieved a complete response to a gluten-free diet. A 28-year-old woman presented with diarrhea, oral ulcers, and refractory uveitis of 2.5-years duration. She was treated with prednisone, mydriatic drops, and infliximab with no response. She was referred to our hospital at which point her previous diagnosis of uveitis was confirmed; she was also diagnosed with right-sided sacro-iliitis. The patient did not have arthritis or any skin conditions. Three tests for fecal parasites and a fecal leukocyte were negative. Endoscopy revealed atrophic appearance of the duodenal mucosa. Biopsy showed atrophy of the duodenal villi with intra-epithelial lymphocytes, hyperplasia of the crypts, and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The search for antiendomysial antibody was >1/1,280. The patient was started on a gluten-free diet and after 3 months demonstrated significant improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms and uveitis, as well as a reduction of antiendomysial antibodies (1/80). After 6 months, there was complete remission of gastrointestinal symptoms and total control of uveitis. The antiendomysial antibody was negative at that time. Clinical uveitis as a manifestation of celiac disease has been described in only two cases in the literature. This case study is the third to demonstrate that uveitis is a clinical symptom that can be addressed in patients with celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/complications/*diet therapy/pathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/pathology
Female
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Treatment Outcome
Uveitis/complications/*diet therapy/pathology},
   ISSN = {0172-8172},
   Accession Number = {19826819},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00296-009-1177-z},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Knip, M.},
   title = {Diet, gut, and type 1 diabetes: role of wheat-derived peptides?},
   journal = {Diabetes},
   volume = {58},
   number = {8},
   pages = {1723-4},
   note = {1939-327x
Knip, Mikael
Comment
Journal Article
United States
Diabetes. 2009 Aug;58(8):1723-4. doi: 10.2337/db09-0686.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/immunology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology
*Diet, Diabetic
Humans
Peptides/*immunology
Triticum/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0012-1797},
   Accession Number = {19638529},
   DOI = {10.2337/db09-0686},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koch, L.},
   title = {Celiac disease: Diet and BMD loss},
   journal = {Nat Rev Endocrinol},
   volume = {6},
   number = {10},
   pages = {532},
   note = {1759-5037
Koch, Linda
Comment
Journal Article
England
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 Oct;6(10):532. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.135.},
   ISSN = {1759-5029},
   Accession Number = {21080541},
   DOI = {10.1038/nrendo.2010.135},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kochhar, R. and Masoodi, I. and Dutta, U. and Singhal, M. and Miglani, A. and Singh, P. and Singh, K.},
   title = {Celiac disease and Budd Chiari syndrome: report of a case with review of literature},
   journal = {Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {21},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1092-4},
   note = {1473-5687
Kochhar, Rakesh
Masoodi, Ibrahim
Dutta, Usha
Singhal, Manphool
Miglani, Amit
Singh, Paramjeet
Singh, Kartar
Case Reports
Journal Article
Review
England
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Sep;21(9):1092-4. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e328328f47f.},
   abstract = {We here report a case of celiac disease and Budd Chiari syndrome. This 19-year-old boy was diagnosed to have portal hypertension in another hospital when he had developed variceal bleeding. In our hospital, he was found to have occlusion of all three hepatic veins as the cause of portal hypertension. On a routine endoscopy, he was found to have scalloping of duodenal folds. Suspecting celiac disease, he was investigated further. He did have positive serology for celiac disease as well as suggestive histology. He was found to be deficient for protein C and protein S. He was managed conservatively and put on gluten-free diet, with which he showed clinical improvement. A review of literature showed that only 14 previous cases of this combination were recorded and except for one all were from North Africa or southern Europe.},
   keywords = {Budd-Chiari Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis
Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans
Hypertension, Portal/*diagnosis/etiology
Male
Protein C Deficiency/diagnosis
Protein S Deficiency/diagnosis
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0954-691x},
   Accession Number = {19339890},
   DOI = {10.1097/MEG.0b013e328328f47f},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kohler, S. and Wass, J. A.},
   title = {Hypoparathyroidism and coeliac disease: a potentially dangerous combination},
   journal = {J R Soc Med},
   volume = {102},
   number = {8},
   pages = {311-4},
   note = {1758-1095
Kohler, Sibylle
Wass, John A H
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
J R Soc Med. 2009 Aug;102(8):311-4. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2009.080401.},
   keywords = {Adult
Calcium/adverse effects/metabolism
Celiac Disease/blood/*complications/diet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Hypoparathyroidism/blood/*complications
Male
Middle Aged},
   ISSN = {0141-0768},
   Accession Number = {19679732},
   DOI = {10.1258/jrsm.2009.080401},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koivuviita, N. and Tertti, R. and Heiro, M. and Metsarinne, K.},
   title = {A case report: a patient with IgA nephropathy and coeliac disease. Complete clinical remission following gluten-free diet},
   journal = {NDT Plus},
   volume = {2},
   number = {2},
   pages = {161-3},
   note = {Koivuviita, Niina
Tertti, Risto
Heiro, Maija
Metsarinne, Kaj
Journal Article
England
NDT Plus. 2009 Apr;2(2):161-3. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfn205. Epub 2009 Jan 16.},
   keywords = {IgA nephropathy
coeliac disease},
   ISSN = {1753-0784 (Print)
1753-0784},
   Accession Number = {25949317},
   DOI = {10.1093/ndtplus/sfn205},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koklu, S. and Alioglu, B. and Akbal, E. and Kocak, E.},
   title = {Celiac disease in siblings with Pearson syndrome},
   journal = {Am J Med Sci},
   volume = {339},
   number = {4},
   pages = {392-4},
   note = {1538-2990
Koklu, Seyfettin
Alioglu, Bulent
Akbal, Erdem
Kocak, Erdem
Case Reports
Journal Article
United States
Am J Med Sci. 2010 Apr;339(4):392-4. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181cefba3.},
   abstract = {Pearson syndrome (PS) is a rare mitochondrial disorder characterized by sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreas deficiency as a result of mitochondrial DNA deletion or deletion-duplication. A 21-year-old woman and 11-year-old brother who had been diagnosed as PS at the age of 18 and 8, respectively, were admitted to our hospital with the complaints of chronic diarrhea while using exogenous pancreas enzymes. Diarrhea was present in both for a long time and attributed to existing PS. Endoscopic and laboratory examinations revealed celiac disease (CD). After gluten-free diet, their symptoms were resolved. Detailed family investigation revealed that parents and the sister of the siblings were free of both PS and CD. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of the presence of these 2 disorders, PS and CD, in the same patient. CD should be screened and treated appropriately in cases with PS.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications/*diagnosis
Child
Female
Humans
Male
Mitochondrial Diseases/*complications/*diagnosis
Pedigree
*Siblings
Syndrome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0002-9629},
   Accession Number = {20228667},
   DOI = {10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181cefba3},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Konic-Ristic, A. and Dodig, D. and Krstic, R. and Jelic, S. and Stankovic, I. and Ninkovic, A. and Radic, J. and Besu, I. and Bonaci-Nikolic, B. and Jojic, N. and Djordjevic, M. and Popovic, D. and Juranic, Z.},
   title = {Different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadin are present in patients with celiac disease and in patients with multiple myeloma},
   journal = {BMC Immunol},
   volume = {10},
   pages = {32},
   note = {1471-2172
Konic-Ristic, Aleksandra
Dodig, Dejan
Krstic, Radmilo
Jelic, Svetislav
Stankovic, Ivan
Ninkovic, Aleksandra
Radic, Jelena
Besu, Irina
Bonaci-Nikolic, Branka
Jojic, Njegica
Djordjevic, Milica
Popovic, Dragan
Juranic, Zorica
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
BMC Immunol. 2009 May 31;10:32. doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-32.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immunity to food antigens (gliadin, cow's milk proteins) is in the centre of the attention of modern medicine focused on the prevention of diseases, prevention which is based on the use of appropriate restriction diet. Detection of the enhanced levels of the immune reactions to antigen(s) present in food is from this point of view of great importance because there are reports that some of health disturbances, like celiac disease (CD) and some premalignant conditions, like monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), were vanished after the appropriate restriction diets. It is well known that gliadin is toxic to small bowel mucosa of relatively small population of genetically predisposed individuals, who under this toxic action develop celiac disease (CD). As the quantity of immunogenic gliadin could vary between different wheat species, the first aim of this work was to determine the percentage of immunogenic gliadin in ten bread wheat cultivars and in three commercially grown durum wheat cultivars. The second part of the study was initiated by results of previous publication, reporting that sera of some of multiple myeloma (MM) patients showed the presence of elevated levels of anti-gliadin IgA, without the enhanced levels of anti-gliadin IgG antibodies, determined with commercial ELISA test. It was designed to assess is it possible to reveal is there any hidden, especially anti-gliadin IgG immunoreactivity, in serum of mentioned group of patients. For this purpose we tested MM patients sera, as well as celiac disease (CD) patients sera for the immunoreaction with the native gliadin isolated from wheat species used for bread and pasta making in corresponding geographic region. RESULTS: Gliadin was isolated from wheat flour by two step 60% ehanolic extraction. Its content was determined by commercial R5 Mendez Elisa using PWG gliadin as the standard. Results obtained showed that immunogenic gliadin content varies between 50.4 and 65.4 mg/g in bread wheat cultivars and between 20 and 25.6 mg/g in durum wheat cultivars. Anti-gliadin IgA and IgG immunoreactivity of patients' sera in (IU/ml) was firstly determined by commercial diagnostic Binding Site ELISA test, and then additionally by non-commercial ELISA tests, using standardized ethanol wheat extracts -gliadin as the antigen. In both patients groups IgA immunoreactivity to gliadin from different cultivars was almost homogenous and in correlation with results from commercial test (except for one patient with IgA(lambda) myeloma, they were more then five times higher). But, results for IgG immunoreactivity were more frequently inhomogeneous, and especially for few MM patients, they were more then five times higher and did not correlate with results obtained using Binding Site test. CONCLUSION: Results obtained showed different content of immunogenic gliadin epitopes in various species of wheat. They also point for new effort to elucidate is there a need to develop new standard antigen, the representative mixture of gliadin isolated from local wheat species used for bread production in corresponding geographic region for ELISA diagnostic tests.},
   keywords = {Antibody Formation/*immunology
Celiac Disease/*immunology
Diet
Epitopes/*immunology
Gliadin/adverse effects/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
Multiple Myeloma/*immunology
Serbia
Species Specificity
Triticum/adverse effects
Wheat Hypersensitivity/immunology},
   ISSN = {1471-2172},
   Accession Number = {19480718},
   DOI = {10.1186/1471-2172-10-32},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Korkut, E. and Bektas, M. and Oztas, E. and Kurt, M. and Cetinkaya, H. and Ozden, A.},
   title = {The prevalence of celiac disease in patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome},
   journal = {Eur J Intern Med},
   volume = {21},
   number = {5},
   pages = {389-92},
   note = {1879-0828
Korkut, Esin
Bektas, Mehmet
Oztas, Erkin
Kurt, Mevlut
Cetinkaya, Hulya
Ozden, Ali
Journal Article
Netherlands
Eur J Intern Med. 2010 Oct;21(5):389-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.06.004. Epub 2010 Jul 14.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Celiac disease shares several symptoms which constitute some of the ROME criteria used for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and as such many patients with underlying Celiac disease may be mistakenly diagnosed as having IBS. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Celiac disease in patients with IBS fulfilling ROME III criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who fulfilled ROME III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome were screened for Celiac disease using the Biocard(TM) Celiac Disease Stick test, and patients who tested positive had their serum samples analyzed for antigliadin IgA and IgG, and anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies. Patients with detectable antibody levels underwent endoscopic duodenal biopsy to confirm a diagnosis of Celiac disease. RESULTS: Two of 100 patients who were diagnosed as having irritable bowel syndrome as per the Roma III criteria were found to have elevated levels of serum antigliadin IgA and IgG, and anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies, with histological evidence of Celiac disease on examination of duodenal biopsy. Both patients were started on a gluten-free diet, showing significant improvement in their symptoms on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Celiac disease is a common finding among patients labeled as IBS. Celiac disease must be considered in differential diagnosis of IBS especially in the therapy refractory group.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/diagnosis/epidemiology
Adult
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*epidemiology/*pathology
Constipation/diagnosis/epidemiology
Diarrhea/diagnosis/epidemiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*diagnosis/*epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic},
   ISSN = {0953-6205},
   Accession Number = {20816591},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.ejim.2010.06.004},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koskinen, L. L. and Einarsdottir, E. and Dukes, E. and Heap, G. A. and Dubois, P. and Korponay-Szabo, I. R. and Kaukinen, K. and Kurppa, K. and Ziberna, F. and Vatta, S. and Not, T. and Ventura, A. and Sistonen, P. and Adany, R. and Pocsai, Z. and Szeles, G. and Maki, M. and Kere, J. and Wijmenga, C. and van Heel, D. A. and Saavalainen, P.},
   title = {Association study of the IL18RAP locus in three European populations with coeliac disease},
   journal = {Hum Mol Genet},
   volume = {18},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1148-55},
   note = {1460-2083
Koskinen, Lotta L E
Einarsdottir, Elisabet
Dukes, Emma
Heap, Graham A R
Dubois, Patrick
Korponay-Szabo, Ilma R
Kaukinen, Katri
Kurppa, Kalle
Ziberna, Fabiana
Vatta, Serena
Not, Tarcisio
Ventura, Alessandro
Sistonen, Pertti
Adany, Roza
Pocsai, Zsuzsa
Szeles, Gyorgy
Maki, Markku
Kere, Juha
Wijmenga, Cisca
van Heel, David A
Saavalainen, Paivi
G0700545/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Mar 15;18(6):1148-55. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn438. Epub 2008 Dec 22.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease is caused by dietary gluten, triggering a chronic inflammation of the small intestine in genetically predisposed individuals. Recently, a risk locus on chromosome 2q11-q12, harbouring interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein (IL18RAP) and three other genes, was suggested for coeliac disease. IL18 has been shown to play an important role in T helper type 1 activity in coeliac disease, making this locus a highly interesting candidate. In this study, two previously indicated risk variants at the IL18RAP locus (rs13015714 and rs917997) were tested for genetic association in 1638 cases with coeliac disease and 1385 control individuals from the Finnish, Hungarian and Italian populations. The protein expression level of IL18RAP was also compared between risk allele carriers and non-carriers by Western blotting. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to study IL18RAP protein expression in small intestinal biopsies of untreated and treated coeliac patients and controls. We confirmed genetic association and dose effects of variants at the 2q12.1 locus with coeliac disease in the Hungarian population. The GA haplotype of the markers rs13015714 and rs917997 showed the strongest association (P = 0.0001, odds ratio = 1.475, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.80). Two putative isoforms of IL18RAP were detected and the ratios and total levels of these isoforms may contribute to the aetiology of coeliac disease. Our study supports IL18RAP as a novel predisposing gene for coeliac disease and highlights the need for further functional studies on this relatively unknown gene in coeliac disease pathogenesis.},
   keywords = {Blotting, Western
Celiac Disease/*genetics
European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics
Female
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Interleukin-18 Receptor beta Subunit/*genetics
Intestine, Small/metabolism/pathology
Leukocytes/metabolism
Male
Meta-Analysis as Topic},
   ISSN = {0964-6906},
   Accession Number = {19103669},
   DOI = {10.1093/hmg/ddn438},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koskinen, L. L. and Einarsdottir, E. and Korponay-Szabo, I. R. and Kurppa, K. and Kaukinen, K. and Sistonen, P. and Pocsai, Z. and Szeles, G. and Adany, R. and Maki, M. and Kere, J. and Saavalainen, P.},
   title = {Fine mapping of the CELIAC2 locus on chromosome 5q31-q33 in the Finnish and Hungarian populations},
   journal = {Tissue Antigens},
   volume = {74},
   number = {5},
   pages = {408-16},
   note = {1399-0039
Koskinen, L L E
Einarsdottir, E
Korponay-Szabo, I R
Kurppa, K
Kaukinen, K
Sistonen, P
Pocsai, Z
Szeles, G
Adany, R
Maki, M
Kere, J
Saavalainen, P
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Tissue Antigens. 2009 Nov;74(5):408-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01359.x.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine, arising in genetically predisposed individuals as a result of ingestion of dietary gluten. The only confirmed and functionally characterised genetic risk factors for celiac disease are the DQ2 or DQ8 heterodimers at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II locus (CELIAC1). These genes are necessary but alone not sufficient for disease onset. Genome-wide linkage scans have suggested chromosome 5q31-q33 (CELIAC2) as an important risk locus for celiac disease. This region has also been associated to other inflammatory disorders, although as yet, no clear gene associations have been found. In the current study, 11 celiac disease candidate loci were screened for genetic linkage in the Hungarian population. As the CELIAC2 locus showed the strongest evidence for linkage, this locus was selected for follow-up. Seventeen candidate genes were selected from the CELIAC2 locus, and genotyped using 48 haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in large Finnish and Hungarian family materials. A subset of these, 40 tagging SNPs in 15 genes, were genotyped in an independent set of Finnish and Hungarian cases and controls. We confirmed linkage of this region with celiac disease and report strong linkage in both the Finnish and Hungarian populations. The association analysis showed modest associations throughout the whole region. These association findings were not replicated in the case-control datasets. Our study strongly supports the role of the CELIAC2 locus in celiac disease, but it also highlights the need for a more powerful study design in the region, to locate the true disease risk variants.},
   keywords = {Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*genetics
*Chromosome Mapping/methods
*Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
Family
Finland
Gene Frequency
Genetic Linkage
Genetic Loci/*genetics
Genetics, Population/methods
Humans
Hungary
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide},
   ISSN = {0001-2815},
   Accession Number = {19845895},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01359.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koskinen, O. and Collin, P. and Lindfors, K. and Laurila, K. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Usefulness of small-bowel mucosal transglutaminase-2 specific autoantibody deposits in the diagnosis and follow-up of celiac disease},
   journal = {J Clin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {44},
   number = {7},
   pages = {483-8},
   note = {1539-2031
Koskinen, Outi
Collin, Pekka
Lindfors, Katri
Laurila, Kaija
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 Aug;44(7):483-8. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181b64557.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of celiac disease may be problematic in that small-bowel villous atrophy sometimes occurs in conjunction with other enteropathies, develops gradually and may be patchy. Furthermore, as the often compromised quality of biopsy specimens renders diagnosis difficult, new diagnostic tools are warranted. GOALS: As the celiac disease-specific autoantibodies are found deposited at their production site, in the small-bowel mucosa, they may be useful in diagnostics, especially in problematic cases. We therefore systematically assessed the occurrence of celiac-specific autoantibody deposits in a large cohort of celiac patients, and established how IgA deposits decline after initiation of a gluten-free diet. METHODS: Transglutaminase-2 specific mucosal IgA autoantibody deposits were determined from small-bowel mucosal biopsies in 261 untreated, 71 short-term (1 y), and 105 long-term (2 to 41 y) treated celiac disease patients and in 78 nonceliac controls. The presence of the deposits was compared with celiac serology, mucosal villous morphology and density of intraepithelial lymphocytes. RESULTS: All untreated celiac disease patients had mucosal autoantibody deposits and their intensity was moderate or strong in 90% of cases. In contrast, 18% of the controls had weak depositions. During a gluten-free diet the intensity of the deposits diminished, but was still faintly positive in 56% of long-term treated celiac patients. The efficiency of the test in determining mucosal autoantibody deposits was superior to serology and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS: Mucosal transglutaminase-2 specific autoantibody deposits proved to be accurate gluten-dependent markers of celiac disease and would thus be of value in the diagnostics and dietary monitoring of this disorder.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Autoantibodies/*immunology
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/enzymology/immunology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Follow-Up Studies
GTP-Binding Proteins/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*immunology
Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology/immunology
Intestine, Small/enzymology/immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Time Factors
Transglutaminases/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0192-0790},
   Accession Number = {19779364},
   DOI = {10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181b64557},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koskinen, O. and Lindfors, K. and Collin, P. and Peraaho, M. and Laurila, K. and Woolley, N. and Partanen, J. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Intestinal transglutaminase 2 specific antibody deposits in non-responsive coeliac disease},
   journal = {Dig Liver Dis},
   volume = {42},
   number = {10},
   pages = {692-7},
   note = {1878-3562
Koskinen, Outi
Lindfors, Katri
Collin, Pekka
Peraaho, Markku
Laurila, Kaija
Woolley, Niina
Partanen, Jukka
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Oct;42(10):692-7. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.03.008. Epub 2010 Apr 20.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The diagnosis of coeliac disease is problematic in individuals not responding to a gluten-free diet. Small-bowel villous atrophy occurs in other enteropathies and non-responsive patients are often seronegative. We investigated whether small-bowel mucosal transglutaminase-2 specific autoantibody deposits distinguish non-responsive coeliac disease from other enteropathies. METHODS: Small-bowel mucosal autoantibody deposits were determined in 27 non-responsive, 28 responsive coeliac patients and 10 controls with other enteropathies. Of the non-responsive coeliac patients six were adhering poorly and 21 strictly to the diet; six of the 21 had enteropathy-associated lymphoma, five refractory coeliac disease and 10 otherwise persistent villous atrophy. The presence of mucosal autoantibody deposits was compared to serology, villous morphology, densities of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and markers of refractory coeliac disease. RESULTS: Twenty out of 21 well-adhering, all six poorly adhering non-responsive and all 28 untreated responsive coeliac patients had small-bowel mucosal autoantibody deposits present, while controls with other enteropathies were negative. Small-bowel mucosal autoantibody deposits were more accurate in detecting coeliac disease than serology or IEL densities. Refractory coeliac markers revealed only cases with the most severe condition. CONCLUSIONS: Small-bowel mucosal autoantibody deposits differentiate coeliac disease from other enteropathies, enabling the design of appropriate therapeutic strategies.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*immunology
Autoantibodies/*immunology
Celiac Disease/enzymology/*immunology/pathology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
GTP-Binding Proteins/*immunology/metabolism
Histocompatibility Testing
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*immunology
Intestinal Mucosa/*enzymology/immunology
Intestine, Small/enzymology/*immunology/pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Transglutaminases/*immunology/metabolism
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1590-8658},
   Accession Number = {20409763},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.dld.2010.03.008},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Koskinen, O. and Villanen, M. and Korponay-Szabo, I. and Lindfors, K. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Oats do not induce systemic or mucosal autoantibody response in children with coeliac disease},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {48},
   number = {5},
   pages = {559-65},
   note = {1536-4801
Koskinen, Outi
Villanen, Mikko
Korponay-Szabo, Ilma
Lindfors, Katri
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 May;48(5):559-65. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181668635.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: A gluten-free diet omitting wheat, rye, and barley is the only effective treatment for coeliac disease. The necessity of excluding oats from the diet has remained controversial. We studied the toxicity of oats in children with coeliac disease during a 2-year follow-up by investigating jejunal transglutaminase 2 (TG2)-targeted IgA-class autoantibody deposits, a potentially more sensitive disease marker than serum antibodies or conventional histology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three coeliac children in remission were randomized to undergo oat or gluten challenge with wheat, rye, barley, and oats. When jejunal histological relapse was evident after gluten challenge, patients excluded wheat, rye, and barley but continued with oats. Mucosal morphology and TG2-targeted autoantibody deposits were studied in jejunal biopsies taken at baseline and after 6 and 24 months. Furthermore, serum IgA-class TG2 antibodies were measured. RESULTS: At baseline, serum TG2 antibodies were negative in all 23 patients, but 7 of them had minor mucosal deposits. In the oats group, there was no significant change in the intensity of the deposits within 2 years. In contrast, during the gluten challenge, the intensity of the deposits clearly increased and decreased again when wheat, rye, and barley were excluded but consumption of oats was continued; this was in line with serum autoantibodies. The intensity of the mucosal deposits correlated well with both villous morphology and serum autoantibody levels. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of oats does not induce TG2 autoantibody production at mucosal level in children with coeliac disease. Measurement of small-intestinal mucosal autoantibody deposits is suitable for monitoring treatment in coeliac patients.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Autoantibodies/blood/*metabolism
Avena/*adverse effects/immunology
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*immunology/metabolism
Child
Diet, Gluten-Free
Edible Grain/immunology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
GTP-Binding Proteins/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*metabolism
Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology
Jejunum/immunology
Male
Plant Proteins/immunology
Seeds
Transglutaminases/*immunology
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {19412007},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181668635},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kotova, S. M. and Karlova, N. A. and Savel'eva, K. A. and Sokhor, AIa and Oreshko, L. S. and Kalinina, EIu},
   title = {[Late diagnosis of celiac disease]},
   journal = {Klin Med (Mosk)},
   volume = {87},
   number = {12},
   pages = {62-4},
   note = {Kotova, S M
Karlova, N A
Savel'eva, K A
Sokhor, A Ia
Oreshko, L S
Kalinina, E Iu
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
Russia (Federation)
Klin Med (Mosk). 2009;87(12):62-4.},
   abstract = {A 45 year-old woman presented with late-diagnosed celiac disease, marked disorders of calcium and bone metabolism, and severe osteoporosis. Weak enteral symptoms delayed diagnosis. High efficiency of agluten and vitamin D therapy was documented.},
   keywords = {Biopsy
Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/therapy
Delayed Diagnosis
Diagnosis, Differential
Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/*pathology
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/*methods
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Osteoporosis/diagnosis/etiology
Vitamin D/therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {0023-2149 (Print)
0023-2149},
   Accession Number = {20135891},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kotze, L. M.},
   title = {Celiac disease in Brazilian patients: associations, complications and causes of death. Forty years of clinical experience},
   journal = {Arq Gastroenterol},
   volume = {46},
   number = {4},
   pages = {261-9},
   note = {1678-4219
Kotze, Lorete Maria da Silva
Journal Article
Brazil
Arq Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct-Dec;46(4):261-9.},
   abstract = {CONTEXT: Celiac disease is a multisystem auto-immune disorder and may start at any age in genetically predisposed individuals. OBJECTIVE: To identify associations, complications, and cause of death in Brazilian patients. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven patients were studied: 23 adolescents and 134 adults, 79.6% females, 20.4% males, 75.8% at the time of diagnosis and 24.2% on a gluten-free diet, follow-up between 1 and 40 years. The diagnosis of celiac disease was based on histologic findings and the presence of serologic auto-antibodies markers for celiac disease. Specific tests were done according to clinical suspicion of associations. Bone mineral density was determined by dual energy x-rays in 53 patients upon diagnosis. The data regarding associations, complications, and causes of death were obtained by interviews and from the patient's charts. RESULTS: Associations: atopy (22.3%), depression (17.2%), thyroid disorder (15.9%), dermat

repository: KociOrges/pytag

repo_name: KociOrges/pytag