text:
(IRT) and computerized adaptive testing (CAT), will enable critical evaluation and reconstruction of currently utilized PRO instruments to improve measurement precision while reducing item burden on the individual patient. METHODS: We developed a domain hierarchy encompassing the latent trait of physical function/disability from the more general to most specific. Items collected from 165 English-language instruments were evaluated by a structured process including trained raters, modified Delphi expert consensus, and then patient evaluation. Each item in the refined data bank will undergo extensive analysis using IRT to evaluate response functions and measurement precision. CAT will allow for real-time questionnaires of potentially smaller numbers of questions tailored directly to each individual's level of physical function. RESULTS: Physical function/disability domain comprises 4 subdomains: upper extremity, trunk, lower extremity, and complex activities. Expert and patient review led to consensus favoring use of present-tense "capability" questions using a 4- or 5-item Likert response construct over past-tense "performance"items. Floor and ceiling effects, attribution of disability, and standardization of response categories were also addressed. CONCLUSION: By applying statistical techniques of IRT through use of CAT, existing PRO instruments may be improved to reduce questionnaire burden on the individual patients while increasing measurement precision that may ultimately lead to reduced sample size requirements for costly clinical trials.},
affiliation = {Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.},
number = {6},
pages = {1426--31},
volume = {34},
year = {2007},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Clinical Trials as Topic, Patient Participation, Humans, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Software, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Rheumatic Diseases, Disability Evaluation, International Cooperation, Health Surveys, Research Design},
date-added = {2010-02-18 23:25:16 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-18 23:25:16 +0100},
pii = {0315162X-34-1426},
pmid = {17552069},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Chakravarty-2007-J%20Rheumatol_Improving%20patient%20re.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5959},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Verschoor:2005aa,
author = {Angela J Verschoor},
title = {An Approximation of Cronbach's α and its Use in Test Assembly},
abstract = {In this paper a new approximation of Cronbach's α is presented. It is especially suited in the context of test assembly. Using this approximation, two test assembly models are introduced. Being non-linear models, they are solved by Genetic Algorithms as the commonly used Linear Programming methods cannot be used here. A comparison is made with existing test assembly models.},
year = {2005},
month = {May},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:39:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:39:03 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Verschoor-2005-_An%20Approximation%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1207},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Bentler:2004,
author = {Peter M Bentler},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Maximal reliability for unit-weighted composites},
year = {2004},
month = {Oct},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:44:53 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bentler-2004-Miscellaneous_Maximal%20reliability.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2043},
rating = {0}
}

@article{May:2006,
author = {Henry May},
journal = {Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics},
title = {A multilevel bayesian item response theory method for scaling socioeconomic status in international studies of education},
abstract = {A new method is presented and implemented for deriving a scale of socioeconomic status (SES) from international survey data using a multilevel Bayesian item response theory (IRT) model. The proposed model incorporates both international anchor items and nation-specific items and is able to (a) produce student family SES scores that are internationally comparable, (b) reduce the influence of irrelevant national differences in culture on the SES scores, and (c) effectively and efficiently deal with the problem of missing data in a manner similar to Rubin's (1987) multiple imputation approach. The results suggest that this model is superior to conventional models in terms of its fit to the data and its ability to use information collected via international surveys.},
number = {1},
pages = {63--79},
volume = {31},
year = {2006},
keywords = {Bayesian estimation * item response theory, multilevel modeling, socioeconomic status, missing data},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2010},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Killeen:2007p7072,
author = {P R Killeen},
title = {Replication Statistics},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-03-06 20:27:48 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 20:28:22 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Killeen-2007-_Replication%20Statisti.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7072},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Tominksi:2006p1812,
author = {C Tominksi and J Abello and H Schumann},
title = {Axes-Based Visualizations with Radial Layouts},
abstract = {In the analysis of multidimensional data sets questions involving detection of extremal events, correlations, patterns and trends play an increasingly important role in a variety of applications. Axes- based visualizations like Parallel or Star Coordinates are useful tools for the analysis of multidimensional data sets. In this paper, we present several interactive axes, which can be used to analyze data in an intuitive manner. Furthermore, we present two novel radial visual arrangements of such axes - the TimeWheel and the MultiComb. They focus on data sets with one variable of reference. TimeWheel and MultiComb in combination with interactive axes are part of an interactive framework called VisAxes, which can be used for enhanced multidimensional data browsing and analysis.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-09 22:40:27 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 22:41:46 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tominksi-2006-_Axes-Based%20Visualiza.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1812},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vanderPlas:2003p4537,
author = {Simone M van der Plas and Bettina E Hansen and Josien B de Boer and Theo Stijnen and Jan Passchier and Robert A de Man and Solko W Schalm},
journal = {BMC Gastroenterol},
title = {Generic and disease-specific health related quality of life in non-cirrhotic, cirrhotic and transplanted liver patients: a cross-sectional study},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of chronic liver patients were performed in clinical populations. These studies included various disease stages but small variations in aetiology and no transplanted patients. We performed a large HRQoL study in non-cirrhotic, cirrhotic and transplanted liver patients with sufficient variety in aetiology. We compared the generic HRQoL and fatigue between liver patients and healthy controls and compared the disease-specific and generic HRQoL and fatigue between non-cirrhotic, cirrhotic and transplanted liver patients, corrected for aetiology. METHODS: Members of the Dutch liver patient association received the Short Form-36, the Liver Disease Symptom Index and the Multidimensional Fatigue Index-20. Based on reported clinical characteristics we classified respondents (n = 1175) as non-cirrhotic, compensated cirrhotic, decompensated cirrhotic or transplants. We used linear, ordinal and logistic regression to compare the HRQoL between groups. RESULTS: All liver patients showed a significantly worse generic HRQoL and fatigue than healthy controls. Decompensated cirrhotic patients showed a significantly worse disease-specific and generic HRQoL and fatigue than non-cirrhotic patients, while HRQoL differences between non-cirrhotic and compensated cirrhotic patients were predominantly insignificant. Transplanted patients showed a better generic HRQoL, less fatigue and lower probabilities of severe symptoms than non-cirrhotic patients, but almost equal probabilities of symptom hindrance. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL in chronic liver patients depends on disease stage and transplant history. Non-cirrhotic and compensated cirrhotic patients have a similar HRQoL. Decompensated patients show the worst HRQoL, while transplanted patients show a significantly better HRQoL than cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, P,O, box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.vanderplas@erasmusmc.nl},
pages = {33},
volume = {3},
year = {2003},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Diseases, Male, Female, Chronic Disease, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fatigue, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Aged: 80 and over, Liver Transplantation, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Quality of Life, Adolescent},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:25:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-29 22:25:24 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-230X-3-33},
pii = {1471-230X-3-33},
pmid = {14617381},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20der%20Plas-2003-BMC%20Gastroenterol_Generic%20and%20disease.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4537},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bhakta:2005p5906,
author = {Bipin Bhakta and Alan Tennant and Mike Horton and Gemma Lawton and David Andrich},
journal = {BMC Med Educ},
title = {Using item response theory to explore the psychometric properties of extended matching questions examination in undergraduate medical education},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As assessment has been shown to direct learning, it is critical that the examinations developed to test clinical competence in medical undergraduates are valid and reliable. The use of extended matching questions (EMQ) has been advocated to overcome some of the criticisms of using multiple-choice questions to test factual and applied knowledge. METHODS: We analysed the results from the Extended Matching Questions Examination taken by 4th year undergraduate medical students in the academic year 2001 to 2002. Rasch analysis was used to examine whether the set of questions used in the examination mapped on to a unidimensional scale, the degree of difficulty of questions within and between the various medical and surgical specialties and the pattern of responses within individual questions to assess the impact of the distractor options. RESULTS: Analysis of a subset of items and of the full examination demonstrated internal construct validity and the absence of bias on the majority of questions. Three main patterns of response selection were identified. CONCLUSION: Modern psychometric methods based upon the work of Rasch provide a useful approach to the calibration and analysis of EMQ undergraduate medical assessments. The approach allows for a formal test of the unidimensionality of the questions and thus the validity of the summed score. Given the metric calibration which follows fit to the model, it also allows for the establishment of items banks to facilitate continuity and equity in exam standards.},
affiliation = {Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Leeds, UK. B.Bhakta@leeds.ac.uk},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
volume = {5},
year = {2005},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Clinical Competence, Humans, Probability, Specialties: Surgical, Medicine, Schools: Medical, Educational Measurement, Calibration, Models: Statistical, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Education: Medical, Algorithms, Adult, Western Australia, Psychometrics, Education: Medical: Undergraduate, Specialization},
date-added = {2010-02-18 23:08:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-18 23:08:54 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6920-5-9},
pii = {1472-6920-5-9},
pmid = {15752421},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bhakta-2005-BMC%20Med%20Educ_Using%20item%20response.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5906},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fong:2010p8323,
author = {Daniel Yt Fong and Sy Ho and Th Lam},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {Evaluation of internal reliability in the presence of inconsistent responses},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the impact of inconsistent responses on the internal reliability of a multi-item scale by developing a procedure to adjust Cronbach's alpha. METHODS: A procedure for adjusting Cronbach's alpha when there are inconsistent responses was developed and used to assess the impact of inconsistent responses on internal reliability by evaluating the standard Chinese 12-item Short Form Health Survey in adolescents. RESULTS: Contrary to common belief, random responses may inflate Cronbach's alpha when their mean differ from that of the true responses. Fixed responses inflate Cronbach's alpha except in scales with both positive and negative polarity items. In general, the bias in Cronbach's alpha due to inconsistent responses may change from downward to upward with an increasing number of items in a scale, but the effect of additional items beyond around 10 becomes small. The number of response categories does not have much influence on the impact of inconsistent responses. CONCLUSIONS: Cronbach's alpha can be biased when there are inconsistent responses, and an adjustment is recommended for better assessment of the internal reliability of a multi-item scale.},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
volume = {8},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-21 12:26:00 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 12:26:03 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-8-27},
pii = {1477-7525-8-27},
pmid = {20226019},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fong-2010-Health%20and%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Outcomes_Evaluation%20of%20intern-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8323},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Decruynaere:2007p12844,
author = {C{\'e}line Decruynaere and Jean-Louis Thonnard and L{\'e}on Plaghki},
journal = {Eur J Pain},
title = {Measure of experimental pain using Rasch analysis},
abstract = {Most common instruments used to assess the painfulness of nociceptive stimuli and the perception of such stimuli are ordinal. This property limits arithmetical operations and statistical procedures that can be applied on their numbers. The Rasch methodology provides mathematical procedures for transforming scores on an ordinal scale into measures on an interval scale. The present paper aims at presenting the basics of this methodology by applying it to the measurement of experimentally induced pain. Six blocks of seven CO(2) laser heat stimuli varying in intensity were delivered on the hand of 100 healthy subjects. They rated their pain perception on a three-level verbal rating scale (not painful, slightly painful, painful). One member of the family of Rasch models, the many-facet model, was applied to the analysis of these ratings. The analysis provided linear measures of the painfulness for each intensity of stimulation, of the pain perception of each subject and of the painfulness of each successive block. All these measures are located on a single pain perception continuum. Advantages and disadvantages of this methodology will be discussed in terms of subsequent possible mathematical analyses, statistical tests and implications for experimental and clinical investigations.},
affiliation = {Unit{\'e} de R{\'e}adaptation et M{\'e}decine Physique (READ 5375), Universit{\'e} catholique de Louvain, Tour Pasteur, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.},
number = {4},
pages = {469--74},
volume = {11},
year = {2007},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Physical Stimulation, Pain Measurement, Algorithms, Models: Psychological, Male, Pain, Models: Statistical, Middle Aged, Adult, Female, Perception, Lasers, Humans},
date-added = {2010-06-21 20:10:56 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-21 20:11:00 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.07.001},
pii = {S1090-3801(06)00101-7},
pmid = {16914333},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Decruynaere-2007-Eur%20J%20Pain_Measure%20of%20experimen.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12844},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Verzilli:2006p3906,
author = {Claudio J Verzilli and Nigel Stallard and John C Whittaker},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
title = {Bayesian graphical models for genomewide association studies},
abstract = {As the extent of human genetic variation becomes more fully characterized, the research community is faced with the challenging task of using this information to dissect the heritable components of complex traits. Genomewide association studies offer great promise in this respect, but their analysis poses formidable difficulties. In this article, we describe a computationally efficient approach to mining genotype-phenotype associations that scales to the size of the data sets currently being collected in such studies. We use discrete graphical models as a data-mining tool, searching for single- or multilocus patterns of association around a causative site. The approach is fully Bayesian, allowing us to incorporate prior knowledge on the spatial dependencies around each marker due to linkage disequilibrium, which reduces considerably the number of possible graphical structures. A Markov chain-Monte Carlo scheme is developed that yields samples from the posterior distribution of graphs conditional on the data from which probabilistic statements about the strength of any genotype-phenotype association can be made. Using data simulated under scenarios that vary in marker density, genotype relative risk of a causative allele, and mode of inheritance, we show that the proposed approach has better localization properties and leads to lower false-positive rates than do single-locus analyses. Finally, we present an application of our method to a quasi-synthetic data set in which data from the CYP2D6 region are embedded within simulated data on 100K single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Analysis is quick (<5 min), and we are able to localize the causative site to a very short interval.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. claudio.verzilli@lshtm.ac.uk},
number = {1},
pages = {100--12},
volume = {79},
year = {2006},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Markov Chains, Phenotype, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Monte Carlo Method, Case-Control Studies, Models: Genetic, Humans, Bayes Theorem, Genotype},
date-added = {2010-01-16 21:05:00 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 21:05:02 +0100},
doi = {10.1086/505313},
pii = {S0002-9297(07)60007-X},
pmid = {16773569},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3906},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Bandyopadhyay:2010p13635,
author = {S Bandyopadhyay and B Ganguli and A Chatterjee},
journal = {Stat Methods Med Res},
title = {A review of multivariate longitudinal data analysis},
abstract = {Repeated observation of multiple outcomes is common in biomedical and public health research. Such experiments result in multivariate longitudinal data, which are unique in the sense that they allow the researcher to study the joint evolution of these outcomes over time. Special methods are required to analyse such data because repeated observations on any given response are likely to be correlated over time while multiple responses measured at a given time point will also be correlated. We review three approaches for analysing such data in the light of the associated theory, applications and software. The first method consists of the application of univariate longitudinal tools to a single summary outcome. The second method aims at estimating regression coefficients without explicitly modelling the underlying covariance structure of the data. The third method combines all the outcomes into a single joint multivariate model. We also introduce a multivariate longitudinal dataset and use it to illustrate some of the techniques discussed in the article.},
affiliation = {Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-07-11 09:02:11 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-11 09:02:11 +0200},
doi = {10.1177/0962280209340191},
pii = {0962280209340191},
pmid = {20212072},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bandyopadhyay-2010-Stat%20Methods%20Med%20Res_A%20review%20of%20multivar.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13635},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Groenwold:2010p12283,
author = {Rolf Hh Groenwold and Maroeska M Rovers and Jacobus Lubsen and Geert Jmg van der Heijden},
journal = {BMC Med Res Methodol},
title = {Subgroup effects despite homogeneous heterogeneity test results},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Statistical tests of heterogeneity are very popular in meta-analyses, as heterogeneity might indicate subgroup effects. Lack of demonstrable statistical heterogeneity, however, might obscure clinical heterogeneity, meaning clinically relevant subgroup effects. METHODS: A qualitative, visual method to explore the potential for subgroup effects was provided by a modification of the forest plot, i.e., adding a vertical axis indicating the proportion of a subgroup variable in the individual trials. Such a plot was used to assess the potential for clinically relevant subgroup effects and was illustrated by a clinical example on the effects of antibiotics in children with acute otitis media. RESULTS: Statistical tests did not indicate heterogeneity in the meta-analysis on the effects of amoxicillin on acute otitis media (Q=3.29, p=0.51; I2=0%; T2=0). Nevertheless, in a modified forest plot, in which the individual trials were ordered by the proportion of children with bilateral otitis, a clear relation between bilaterality and treatment effects was observed (which was also found in an individual patient data meta-analysis of the included trials: p-value for interaction 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: A modification of the forest plot, by including an additional (vertical) axis indicating the proportion of a certain subgroup variable, is a qualitative, visual, and easy-to-interpret method to explore potential subgroup effects in studies included in meta-analyses.},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
volume = {10},
year = {2010},
month = {May},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-06-09 20:12:53 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-09 20:12:53 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2288-10-43},
pii = {1471-2288-10-43},
pmid = {20478021},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Groenwold-2010-BMC%20Med%20Res%20Methodol_Subgroup%20effects%20des.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12283},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Parkhomenko:2008p2580,
author = {E Parkhomenko},
title = {Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:27:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 22:27:44 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Parkhomenko-2008-_Sparse%20Canonical%20Cor.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2580},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Newell:1958p4738,
author = {A Newell and J C Shaw},
journal = {Psychological Review},
title = {Elements of a theory of human problem solving},
number = {3},
pages = {151--166},
volume = {65},
year = {1958},
date-added = {2010-01-30 16:24:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 16:25:47 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Newell-1958-Psychological%20Review_Elements%20of%20a%20theory.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4738},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Mulligan:2003,
author = {K Mulligan and JT Grant and ST Mockabee and JQ Monson},
journal = {Political Analysis},
title = {Response Latency Methodology for Survey Research: Measurement and Modeling Strategies},
abstract = {In public opinion research, response latency is a measure of attitude accessibility, which is the ease or swiftness with which an attitude comes to mind when a respondent is presented with a survey question. Attitude accessibility represents the strength of the association in memory between an attitude object and an evaluation of the object. Recent research shows that attitude accessibility, as measured by response latency, casts light on a wide range of phenomena of public opinion and political behavior. We discuss response latency methodology for survey research and advocate the use of latent response latency timers (which are invisible both to respondents and interviewers) as a low cost, low-maintenance alternative to traditional methods of measuring response latency in public opinion surveys. We show that with appropriate model specification latent response latency timers may provide a suitable alternative to the more complicated and expensive interviewer-activated timers.},
number = {3},
pages = {289--301},
volume = {11},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:34:18 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p979},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rioux:2007p5521,
author = {John D Rioux and Ramnik J Xavier and Kent D Taylor and Mark S Silverberg and Philippe Goyette and Alan Huett and Todd Green and Petric Kuballa and M Michael Barmada and Lisa Wu Datta and Yin Yao Shugart and Anne M Griffiths and Stephan R Targan and Andrew F Ippoliti and Edmond-Jean Bernard and Ling Mei and Dan L Nicolae and Miguel Regueiro and L Philip Schumm and A Hillary Steinhart and Jerome I Rotter and Richard H Duerr and Judy H Cho and Mark J Daly and Steven R Brant},
journal = {Nat Genet},
title = {Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis},
abstract = {We present a genome-wide association study of ileal Crohn disease and two independent replication studies that identify several new regions of association to Crohn disease. Specifically, in addition to the previously established CARD15 and IL23R associations, we identified strong and significantly replicated associations (combined P < 10(-10)) with an intergenic region on 10q21.1 and a coding variant in ATG16L1, the latter of which was also recently reported by another group. We also report strong associations with independent replication to variation in the genomic regions encoding PHOX2B, NCF4 and a predicted gene on 16q24.1 (FAM92B). Finally, we demonstrate that ATG16L1 is expressed in intestinal epithelial cell lines and that functional knockdown of this gene abrogates autophagy of Salmonella typhimurium. Together, these findings suggest that autophagy and host cell responses to intracellular microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn disease.},
affiliation = {Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al and the Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 rue Belanger, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada. rioux@broad.mit.edu},
number = {5},
pages = {596--604},
volume = {39},
year = {2007},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Gene Expression Profiling, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Chromosomes: Human: Pair 10, RNA Interference, Mice, North America, Homeodomain Proteins, Crohn Disease, NADPH Oxidase, Autophagy, Humans, Carrier Proteins, Immunohistochemistry, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Transcription Factors, Animals, Hela Cells},
date-added = {2010-02-12 15:04:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 15:04:16 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/ng2032},
pii = {ng2032},
pmid = {17435756},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rioux-2007-Nat%20Genet_Genome-wide%20associat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5521},
rating = {0}
}

@book{Fowler:1990,
author = {FJ Fowler and T Mangione},
journal = {Book},
title = {Standardized survey interviewing: Minimizing interviewer-related error},
abstract = {Accuracy, reliability, verifiable and error-free results - these are the goals that anyone involved in survey interviewing desires. A practical guide to producing standardized - and reliable - interviews, this volume represents a blending of social science theories of interviewing dynamics, the authors' own extensive research on interview-related error and a compilation of research evidence from other prominent methodologists. How to avoid errors, sampling design issues, question construction methods, supervision techniques, training methods and the organization of data collection staffs are all thoroughly examined. In addition, prescriptions for improving the quality of survey data results are clear and concise. Both students learning survey research methods for the first time and experienced, active researchers will find this volume indispensable.},
year = {1990},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p968},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Woodward:2006p5042,
author = {Lianne J Woodward and Peter J Anderson and Nicola C Austin and Kelly Howard and Terrie E Inder},
journal = {N Engl J Med},
title = {Neonatal MRI to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Very preterm infants are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a means of predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population. METHODS: We studied 167 very preterm infants (gestational age at birth, 30 weeks or less) to assess the associations between qualitatively defined white-matter and gray-matter abnormalities on MRI at term equivalent (gestational age of 40 weeks) and the risks of severe cognitive delay, severe psychomotor delay, cerebral palsy, and neurosensory (hearing or visual) impairment at 2 years of age (corrected for prematurity). RESULTS: At two years of age, 17 percent of infants had severe cognitive delay, 10 percent had severe psychomotor delay, 10 percent had cerebral palsy, and 11 percent had neurosensory impairment. Moderate-to-severe cerebral white-matter abnormalities present in 21 percent of infants at term equivalent were predictive of the following adverse outcomes at two years of age: cognitive delay (odds ratio, 3.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 8.7), motor delay (odds ratio, 10.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.5 to 30.8), cerebral palsy (odds ratio, 9.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.2 to 28.3), and neurosensory impairment (odds ratio, 4.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 11.3). Gray-matter abnormalities (present in 49 percent of infants) were also associated, but less strongly, with cognitive delay, motor delay, and cerebral palsy. Moderate-to-severe white-matter abnormalities on MRI were significant predictors of severe motor delay and cerebral palsy after adjustment for other measures during the neonatal period, including findings on cranial ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal findings on MRI at term equivalent in very preterm infants strongly predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age. These findings suggest a role for MRI at term equivalent in risk stratification for these infants.},
affiliation = {Canterbury Child Development Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury and the Van der Veer Institute for Parkinson's and Brain Research, Christchurch, New Zealand. lianne.woodward@canterbury.ac.nz},
number = {7},
pages = {685--94},
volume = {355},
year = {2006},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Longitudinal Studies, Infant: Newborn, Male, Developmental Disabilities, Predictive Value of Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Humans, Cerebral Palsy, Gestational Age, Infant: Premature, Cognition, Brain, Child: Preschool, Female, Psychomotor Performance, Risk Factors, Echoencephalography},
date-added = {2010-02-05 19:59:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:53:14 +0200},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa053792},
pii = {355/7/685},
pmid = {16914704},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Woodward-2006-N%20Engl%20J%20Med_Neonatal%20MRI%20to%20pred.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5042},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Matthews:2007p7511,
author = {Scott C Matthews and Alan N Simmons and Irina Strigo and Kerry Jang and Murray B Stein and Martin P Paulus},
journal = {Neuroimage},
title = {Heritability of anterior cingulate response to conflict: an fMRI study in female twins},
abstract = {Interference processing requires increased focus on relevant dimensions of environmental stimuli and selective allocation of attentional resources, in order to filter extraneous information and inhibit non-adaptive responses. This process is important in everyday life and is necessary for responding to novel and challenging situations. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is involved in this process, and behavioral twin studies indicate that performance on interference processing tasks is highly heritable. However, the extent to which dACC activation related to such tasks is influenced by genetic factors has not been reported. In the current study, 10 pairs of monozygotic and 10 pairs of dizygotic female twins performed a validated interference processing task during fMRI. There were three main results: (1) increased dACC activation for incongruent (INC) minus congruent (CON) trials was observed; (2) dACC activation for INC minus CON trials was both moderately heritable and significantly correlated with the difference in reaction time (RT) between INC and CON trials; (3) RT for INC trials was moderately heritable. RT for CON trials and the latency difference between INC and CON trials were not influenced significantly by genetic factors. The current study provides the first functional imaging evidence that dACC activation during interference processing is significantly influenced by genes. These results suggest an endophenotype that may be applied to various psychiatric disorders that are both highly heritable and associated with altered dACC function.},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Biological Dynamics and Theoretical Medicine, CA, USA. scmatthews@ucsd.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {223--7},
volume = {38},
year = {2007},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Conflict (Psychology), Brain, Quantitative Trait: Heritable, Cognition, Decision Making, Female, Adult, Humans, Twins: Monozygotic, Brain Mapping, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Gyrus Cinguli, Twins: Dizygotic},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:52:43 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:52:43 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.015},
pii = {S1053-8119(07)00676-3},
pmid = {17707125},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Matthews-2007-Neuroimage_Heritability%20of%20ante.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7511},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Matsumoto:2006p11623,
author = {D Matsumoto},
journal = {JCCP},
title = {Are cultural differences in emotion regulation mediated by personality traits?},
abstract = {This article reports a study that documents United States--Japan differences in emotion regulation and demonstrates that those differences are entirely accounted for by individual differences in personality. These findings raise questions about studies that merely document cross-national differences in a psy- chological variable yet attribute the source of the observed differences to cultural variables without empir- ical justification to do so. Such differences may be accounted for by aggregate differences in personality.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-05-11 22:40:25 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-11 22:41:16 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Matsumoto-2006-JCCP_Are%20cultural%20differe.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11623},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Skodova:2010p13147,
author = {Zuzana Skodov{\'a} and Jitse P van Dijk and Iveta Nagyov{\'a} and Jaroslav Rosenberger and Daniela Ondu{\v s}ov{\'a} and Berrie Middel and Sijmen A Reijneveld},
journal = {Heart {\&} lung : the journal of critical care},
title = {Psychosocial predictors of change in quality of life in patients after coronary interventions},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after coronary interventions (coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) usually improves in patients, but not in all patients. Some patients actually show a significant decline in HRQOL. Our aim was to explore the potential of psychologic well-being (anxiety, depression), vital exhaustion, Type D personality, and socioeconomic position as predictors of HRQOL in patients with coronary disease. METHODS: A total of 106 patients scheduled for coronary angiography were interviewed before (baseline) and 12 to 24 months after coronary angiography. Socioeconomic status was evaluated by education. The General Health Questionnaire 28 was used for measuring psychologic well-being (anxiety, depression), the Maastricht interview was used for measuring vital exhaustion, and the Type D questionnaire was used for measuring personality. HRQOL was assessed using the Short Form-36 (physical and mental components) questionnaire. Functional status was assessed with a combination of New York Heart Association and Canadian Cardiovascular Society classifications. Linear regressions were used to analyze data. RESULTS: A change in physical HRQOL was predicted by baseline psychologic well-being (beta = -.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.00 to -.16) and baseline HRQOL (beta = -.61; 95% CI, -.83 to -.34). A change in mental HRQOL was predicted by (baseline) psychologic well-being (beta = -.37; 95% CI, -.99 to -.09), vital exhaustion (beta = -.21; 95% CI, -.69 to -.03), and baseline HRQOL (beta = -.76; 95% CI, -1.03 to -.44). Ejection fraction did not significantly predict HRQOL. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors (psychologic well-being, vital exhaustion) seem to be more important predictors of change in HRQOL compared with some objective medical indicators (ejection fraction) among patients with coronary disease.},
affiliation = {University of PJ Safarik, KISH-Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Kosice, Slovakia; Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Department of Non-Medical Study Programmes, Martin, Slovakia.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {May},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-06-26 11:07:18 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-26 11:07:19 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.12.007},
pii = {S0147-9563(09)00324-0},
pmid = {20561888},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Skodov%C3%A1-2010-Heart%20&%20lung%20the%20journal%20of%20critical%20care_Psychosocial%20predict.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13147},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Labelle:2001p2240,
author = {M Labelle},
title = {Trente ans de psycholinguistique},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:59:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:59:44 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Labelle-2001-_Trente%20ans%20de%20psycho.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2240},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nobile:2009p4203,
author = {Maria Nobile and Marianna Rusconi and Monica Bellina and Cecilia Marino and Roberto Giorda and Ombretta Carlet and Laura Vanzin and Massimo Molteni and Marco Battaglia},
journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
title = {COMT Val158Met polymorphism and socioeconomic status interact to predict attention deficit/hyperactivity problems in children aged 10-14},
abstract = {The functional Val158Met COMT polymorphism appears to affect a host of behaviours mediated by the pre-frontal cortex, and has been found associated to the risk for disruptive behaviours including ADHD. Parental socioeconomic status (SES) has also been reported as a predictor for the same childhood disorders. In a general population sample of 575 Italian pre-adolescents aged 10-14, we examined the association of the functional Val158Met COMT polymorphism and SES-both as linear and interactive effects-with oppositional defiant problems, conduct problems, and attention deficit/hyperactivity problems, as defined by the newly established Child Behaviour Check-List/6-18 DSM oriented scales. Multivariate- and subsequent univariate-analysis of covariance showed a significant association of COMT x SES interaction with CBCL 6/18 DOS attention deficit/hyperactivity problems (p = 0.004), and revealed higher scores among those children with Val/Val COMT genotype who belonged to low-SES families. We also found a significant association of SES with attention deficit/hyperactivity problems and conduct problems DOS (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Our data are consistent with a bulk of recent literature suggesting a role of environmental factors in moderating the contribution of specific genetic polymorphisms to human variability in ADHD. While future investigations will refine and better clarify which specific environmental and genetic mechanisms are at work in influencing the individual risk to ADHD in pre-adolescence, these data may contribute to identify/prevent the risk for ADHD problems in childhood.},
affiliation = {Department of Child Psychiatry, Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute, via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy, mnobile@bp.lnf.it.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-01-21 08:01:38 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:26:12 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s00787-009-0080-1},
pmid = {19946720},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4203},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cieza:2009p6388,
author = {Alarcos Cieza and Roger Hilfiker and Annelies Boonen and Somnath Chatterji and Nenad Kostanjsek and Bedirhan T Ust{\"u}n and Gerold Stucki},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Items from patient-oriented instruments can be integrated into interval scales to operationalize categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To exemplify the construction of interval scales for specified categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by integrating items from a variety of patient-oriented instruments. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Psychometric study using data from a convenience sample of 122 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients completed six different patient-oriented instruments. The contents of the instrument items were linked to the ICF. Rasch analyses for ordered-response options were used to examine whether the instrument items addressing the ICF category b130: Energy and drive functions constitute a psychometrically sound interval scale. RESULTS: Nineteen items were linked to b130: Energy and drive functions. Sixteen of the 19 items fit the Rasch model according to the chi-square (chi(2)) statistic (chi(2)(df=32)=38.25, P=0.21) and the Z-fit statistic (Z(Mean)=0.451, Z(SD)=1.085 and Z(Mean)=-0.223, Z(SD)=1.132 for items and persons, respectively). The Person Separation Index r(beta) was 0.93. CONCLUSION: The ICF category interval scales to operationalize single ICF categories can be constructed. The original format of the items included in the interval scales remains unchanged. This study represents a step forward in the operationalization and future implementation of the ICF.},
affiliation = {ICF Research Branch, WHO Collaborating Center for the Family of International Classifications, German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information, IHRS, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.},
number = {9},
pages = {912-21, 921.e1--3},
volume = {62},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Arthritis: Rheumatoid, Adult, Attitude to Health, Humans, Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Female, Disability Evaluation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Middle Aged},
date-added = {2010-02-23 08:25:07 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-23 08:25:07 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.04.011},
pii = {S0895-4356(09)00088-2},
pmid = {19541452},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cieza-2009-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Items%20from%20patient-o.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6388},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Delucchi:2004p9367,
author = {Kevin L Delucchi},
journal = {Am J Public Health},
title = {Sample size estimation in research with dependent measures and dichotomous outcomes},
abstract = {I reviewed sample estimation methods for research designs involving nonindependent data and a dichotomous response variable to examine the importance of proper sample size estimation and the need to align methods of sample size estimation with planned methods of statistical analysis. Examples and references to published literature are provided in this article. When the method of sample size estimation is not in concert with the method of planned analysis, poor estimates may result. The effects of multiple measures over time also need to be considered. Proper sample size estimation is often overlooked. Alignment of the sample size estimation method with the planned analysis method, especially in studies involving nonindependent data, will produce appropriate estimates.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0984-TRC, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA. kdelucc@itsa.ucsf.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {372--7},
volume = {94},
year = {2004},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Sample Size, Epidemiologic Research Design, Longitudinal Studies, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Computer Simulation, Public Health Practice, Sensitivity and Specificity, Models: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-03-23 18:41:08 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:14:25 +0200},
pmid = {14998798},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Delucchi-2004-Am%20J%20Public%20Health_Sample%20size%20estimati.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9367},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gill:2010p11760,
author = {J Gill},
title = {Grappling with Fisher's Legacy in Social Science Hypothesis Testing: Some Comments on Denis },
date-added = {2010-05-23 10:07:37 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 10:08:03 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gill--_Grappling%20with%20Fishe.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11760},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nisbett:1977,
author = {RE Nisbett and TD Wilson},
journal = {Psychological Review},
title = {Telling more than we know: Verbal reports on mental processes},
abstract = {Evidence is reviewed which suggests that there may be little or no direct introspective access to higher order cognitive processes. It is proposed that when people attempt to report on their cognitive processes they do not do so on the basis of any true introspection.},
pages = {231--259},
volume = {84},
year = {1977},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:45:50 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p995},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Yin:2008p3410,
author = {Zheng Yin and Xiaobo Zhou and Chris Bakal and Fuhai Li and Youxian Sun and Norbert Perrimon and Stephen T C Wong},
journal = {BMC Bioinformatics},
title = {Using iterative cluster merging with improved gap statistics to perform online phenotype discovery in the context of high-throughput RNAi screens},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The recent emergence of high-throughput automated image acquisition technologies has forever changed how cell biologists collect and analyze data. Historically, the interpretation of cellular phenotypes in different experimental conditions has been dependent upon the expert opinions of well-trained biologists. Such qualitative analysis is particularly effective in detecting subtle, but important, deviations in phenotypes. However, while the rapid and continuing development of automated microscope-based technologies now facilitates the acquisition of trillions of cells in thousands of diverse experimental conditions, such as in the context of RNA interference (RNAi) or small-molecule screens, the massive size of these datasets precludes human analysis. Thus, the development of automated methods which aim to identify novel and biological relevant phenotypes online is one of the major challenges in high-throughput image-based screening. Ideally, phenotype discovery methods should be designed to utilize prior/existing information and tackle three challenging tasks, i.e. restoring pre-defined biological meaningful phenotypes, differentiating novel phenotypes from known ones and clarifying novel phenotypes from each other. Arbitrarily extracted information causes biased analysis, while combining the complete existing datasets with each new image is intractable in high-throughput screens. RESULTS: Here we present the design and implementation of a novel and robust online phenotype discovery method with broad applicability that can be used in diverse experimental contexts, especially high-throughput RNAi screens. This method features phenotype modelling and iterative cluster merging using improved gap statistics. A Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is employed to estimate the distribution of each existing phenotype, and then used as reference distribution in gap statistics. This method is broadly applicable to a number of different types of image-based datasets derived from a wide spectrum of experimental conditions and is suitable to adaptively process new images which are continuously added to existing datasets. Validations were carried out on different dataset, including published RNAi screening using Drosophila embryos [Additional files 1, 2], dataset for cell cycle phase identification using HeLa cells [Additional files 1, 3, 4] and synthetic dataset using polygons, our methods tackled three aforementioned tasks effectively with an accuracy range of 85%-90%. When our method is implemented in the context of a Drosophila genome-scale RNAi image-based screening of cultured cells aimed to identifying the contribution of individual genes towards the regulation of cell-shape, it efficiently discovers meaningful new phenotypes and provides novel biological insight. We also propose a two-step procedure to modify the novelty detection method based on one-class SVM, so that it can be used to online phenotype discovery. In different conditions, we compared the SVM based method with our method using various datasets and our methods consistently outperformed SVM based method in at least two of three tasks by 2% to 5%. These results demonstrate that our methods can be used to better identify novel phenotypes in image-based datasets from a wide range of conditions and organisms. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that our method can detect various novel phenotypes effectively in complex datasets. Experiment results also validate that our method performs consistently under different order of image input, variation of starting conditions including the number and composition of existing phenotypes, and dataset from different screens. In our findings, the proposed method is suitable for online phenotype discovery in diverse high-throughput image-based genetic and chemical screens.},
affiliation = {Center for Bioinformatics, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute and Weill Cornell College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ZYin@tmhs.org},
pages = {264},
volume = {9},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Drosophila, Computer Simulation, Cytological Techniques, Animals, RNA: Small Interfering, Internet, Phenotype, Pattern Recognition: Automated, Humans, RNA Interference, Cluster Analysis, Hela Cells},
date-added = {2010-01-15 14:47:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 14:47:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2105-9-264},
pii = {1471-2105-9-264},
pmid = {18534020},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Yin-2008-BMC%20Bioinformatics_Using%20iterative%20clus.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3410},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bassett:2009p3436,
author = {Danielle S Bassett and Edward T Bullmore},
journal = {Curr Opin Neurol},
title = {Human brain networks in health and disease},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent developments in the statistical physics of complex networks have been translated to neuroimaging data in an effort to enhance our understanding of human brain structural and functional networks. This review focuses on studies using graph theoretical measures applied to structural MRI, diffusion MRI, functional MRI, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography data. RECENT FINDINGS: Complex network properties have been identified with some consistency in all modalities of neuroimaging data and over a range of spatial and time scales. Conserved properties include small worldness, high efficiency of information transfer for low wiring cost, modularity, and the existence of network hubs. Structural and functional network metrics have been found to be heritable and to change with normal aging. Clinical studies, principally in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, have identified abnormalities of network configuration in patients. Future work will likely involve efforts to synthesize structural and functional networks in integrated models and to explore the interdependence of network configuration and cognitive performance. SUMMARY: Graph theoretical analysis of neuroimaging data is growing rapidly and could potentially provide a relatively simple but powerful quantitative framework to describe and compare whole human brain structural and functional networks under diverse experimental and clinical conditions.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.},
number = {4},
pages = {340--7},
volume = {22},
year = {2009},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electroencephalography, Magnetoencephalography, Brain, Brain Mapping, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Humans, Brain Diseases},
date-added = {2010-01-15 15:18:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 15:18:19 +0100},
doi = {10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832d93dd},
pmid = {19494774},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3436},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Snaith:2003p8715,
author = {R Philip Snaith},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale},
abstract = {There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale, or HADS, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The term 'hospital' in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. It should be emphasised that self-assessment scales are only valid for screening purposes; definitive diagnosis must rest on the process of clinical examination.},
affiliation = {Senior Lecturer In Psychiatry, University of Leeds, 21 Gledhow Wood Road, Leeds LS8 4BW, UK. psyrps@stjames.leeds.ac.uk},
pages = {29},
volume = {1},
year = {2003},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Self Assessment (Psychology), Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Psychometrics, Depression, Humans, Hospitalization, Anxiety, Affective Symptoms, Practice Guidelines as Topic},
date-added = {2010-03-22 12:00:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 12:00:37 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-1-29},
pmid = {12914662},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Snaith-2003-Health%20and%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Outcomes_The%20Hospital%20Anxiety.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8715},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ewing:2005p13807,
author = {M T Ewing and T Salzberger and R R Sinkovics},
journal = {Journal of Advertising},
title = {An alternate approach to assessing cross-cultural measurement equivalence in advertising research},
abstract = {This paper offers a new methodological framework to guide researchers attempting to quantitatively assess how a pluralistic audience perceives a standardized television advertisement. Rasch (1960) measurement theory is introduced as an alternative to the more commonly employed multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach to assessing cross-cultural scalar equivalence. By analyzing a multicultural data set, we are able to make various inferences concerning the scalar equivalence of Schlinger's confusion scale. The methodology reveals the limits of the scale, which in all probability would not have been detected using traditional approaches. For researchers attempting to develop new scales, or even to refine existing scales, strict adherence to established guidelines of item generation together with the application of the proposed methodology should ensure better results for both theorists and practitioners.},
number = {1},
pages = {17--36},
volume = {34},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-07-29 12:24:02 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 12:25:27 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ewing-2005-Journal%20of%20Advertising_An%20alternate%20approac.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13807},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kuo:2007p7665,
author = {Po-Hsiu Kuo and J{\'o}zsef Buksz{\'a}r and Edwin J C G van den Oord},
journal = {BMC Proc},
title = {Estimating the number and size of the main effects in genome-wide case-control association studies},
abstract = {It has recently become possible to screen thousands of markers to detect genetic causes of common diseases. Along with this potential comes analytical challenges, and it is important to develop new statistical tools to identify markers with causal effects and accurately estimate their effect sizes. Knowledge of the proportion of markers without true effects (p0) and the effect sizes of markers with effects provides information to control for false discoveries and to design follow-up studies. We apply newly developed methods to simulated Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 genome-wide case-control data sets, including a maximum likelihood (ML) and a quasi-ML (QML) approach that incorporate the test statistic distribution and estimates effect size simultaneously with p0, and two conservative estimators of p0 that do not rely on the test statistic distribution under the alternative. Compared with four existing commonly used estimators for p0, our results illustrated that all of our estimators have favorable properties in terms of the standard deviation with which p0 is estimated. On average, the ML method performed slightly better than the QML method; the conservative method performed well and was even slightly more precise than the ML estimators, and can be more robust in less optimal conditions (small sample sizes and small number of markers). Further improvements and extensions of the proposed methods are conceivable, such as estimating the distribution of effect sizes and taking population stratification into account when obtain estimates of p0 and effect size.},
affiliation = {Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Biotech 1, VIPBG, Suite 1-130, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA. pkuo@mail.ncku.edu.tw},
pages = {S143},
volume = {1 Suppl 1},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:44:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-15 23:44:06 +0100},
pmid = {18466487},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7665},
rating = {0}
}

@article{King:2001,
author = {Gary King and James Honaker and Anne Joseph and Kenneth Scheve},
journal = {American Political Science Review},
title = {Analyzing incomplete political science data: An alternative algorithm for multiple imputation},
number = {1},
pages = {49--69},
volume = {95},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/King-2001-American%20Political%20Science%20Review_Analyzing%20incomplete.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2144},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Jung:2009p3406,
author = {Sungkyu Jung and J. S Marron},
journal = {arXiv},
title = {PCA consistency in high dimension, low sample size context},
abstract = { Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an important tool of dimension reduction especially when the dimension (or the number of variables) is very high. Asymptotic studies where the sample size is fixed, and the dimension grows [i.e., High Dimension, Low Sample Size (HDLSS)] are becoming increasingly relevant. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the Principal Component (PC) directions. HDLSS asymptotics are used to study consistency, strong inconsistency and subspace consistency. We show that if the first few eigenvalues of a population covariance matrix are large enough compared to the others, then the corresponding estimated PC directions are consistent or converge to the appropriate subspace (subspace consistency) and most other PC directions are strongly inconsistent. Broad sets of sufficient conditions for each of these cases are specified and the main theorem gives a catalogue of possible combinations. In preparation for these results, we show that the geometric representation of HDLSS data holds under general conditions, which includes a {\$}\rho{\$}-mixing condition and a broad range of sphericity measures of the covariance matrix. },
annote = {Published in: Annals of Statistics 2009, Vol. 37, No. 6B, 4104-4130

Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS709 the Annals of
  Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
  Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)},
eprint = {0911.3827v1},
volume = {math.ST},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
keywords = {62H25, 34L20 (Primary) 62F12 (Secondary), math.ST, stat.TH},
date-added = {2010-01-15 14:45:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 14:45:25 +0100},
doi = {10.1214/09-AOS709},
pmid = {0911.3827v1},
URL = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.3827v1},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3406},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Chessel:1996p12008,
author = {D Chessel and M Hanafi},
journal = {Revue de Statistique Appliqu{\'e}e},
title = {Analyse de la co-inertie de K nuages de points},
number = {2},
pages = {35--60},
volume = {44},
year = {1996},
date-added = {2010-05-23 17:37:03 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 17:37:57 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Chessel-1996-Revue%20de%20Statistique%20Appliqu%C3%A9e_Analyse%20de%20la%20co-ine.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12008},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Roelen:2009p13240,
author = {Corn{\'e} A M Roelen and P C Koopmans and R Hoedeman and U B{\"u}ltmann and J W Groothoff and J J L van der Klink},
journal = {Eur J Public Health},
title = {Trends in the incidence of sickness absence due to common mental disorders between 2001 and 2007 in the Netherlands},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental disorders are an important public health problem because of their prevalence and the probability of long-term work disability. The incidence of sickness absence with mental disorders has increased between 1985 and 2000, but little is known about trends in recent years. This study investigated the incidence of sickness absence due to common mental disorders in the Netherlands from 2001 to 2007. METHODS: Observational study in about 1 million employees, working in various economic sectors, representative for the Dutch workforce. Sickness absence episodes were medically certified by an occupational physician utmost in the fifth week of absence. The 12-month incidence of medically certified sickness absence was calculated for each year by dividing incident episodes by the number of employees. Sick days due to common mental disorders were computed as percentage of the total number of medically certified sick days. RESULTS: The 12-month incidence of sickness absence due to common mental disorders was 2.2% in 2001, increased to 2.7% in 2004 and decreased thereafter to 2.0% in 2007. The percentage of sick days due to common mental disorders was highest in the education sector (39%) followed by financial services (31%) and health care (30%). CONCLUSIONS: In the Netherlands, the incidence of sickness absence with common mental disorders was highest in 2004 and has decreased since then probably because of changes in sick leave compensation, economic market position and company policies.},
affiliation = {ArboNed Corporate Accounts, PO Box 158, 8000 AD Zwolle, The Netherlands. corne.roelen@arboned.nl},
number = {6},
pages = {625--30},
volume = {19},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-07-01 18:13:21 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 18:13:21 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckp090},
pii = {ckp090},
pmid = {19581376},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Roelen-2009-Eur%20J%20Public%20Health_Trends%20in%20the%20incide.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13240},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lui:2007p9437,
author = {K J Lui},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {Sample size calculation for non-compliance randomized trials with repeated measurements in binary data},
abstract = {When we have difficulty in recruiting patients into a randomized clinical trial (RCT), we may consider taking more than one measurement per patient to reduce the number of patients needed to achieve a desired power. In this paper, we consider a double blind RCT with two courses of treatment per patient. At each course, a patient assigned to the experimental treatment could switch to receive the placebo if the patient declined his/her assigned (experimental) treatment, and a patient assigned to the placebo could switch to receive the experimental treatment if the patient refused his/her assigned (placebo) treatment as well. Sample size calculation without accounting for this non-compliance can be inadequate when we apply the standard procedure of intention-to-treat analysis for non-compliance trials to test no treatment effect. Based on the simple additive risk model proposed elsewhere, we have incorporated the initial probability of compliance, the dependence of patient's selection of a treatment on his/her previous response, and the variation of probabilities of response between patients into sample size determination. We have included a quantitative discussion that provides an insight into the effect of various parameters on the minimum required sample size. We have also noted the situation in which taking repeated measurements per patient can be most effective to reduce the number of patients needed to maintain a given power.},
pages = {3832--3843},
volume = {51},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-03-23 19:02:32 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:24:30 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.csda.2006.02.022},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lui-2007-Computational%20Statistics_Sample%20size%20calculat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9437},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wray:2007p2479,
author = {Naomi R Wray and Michael R James and Steven P Mah and Matthew Nelson and Gavin Andrews and Patrick F Sullivan and Grant W Montgomery and Andrew J Birley and Andreas Braun and Nicholas G Martin},
journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
title = {Anxiety and comorbid measures associated with PLXNA2},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Reduction in adult neurogenesis has been proposed as a mechanism for onset of depression. Semaphorins and their coreceptors, plexins, have been implicated in nervous system development and in adult neurogenesis. A recent genomewide association study of schizophrenia identified a variant of the gene encoding plexin A2 (PLXNA2) to be most consistently associated across study samples. Common genetic liabilities have been reported between psychiatric and psychological measures, but few examples exist of common genetic variants. OBJECTIVE: To perform a genetic association study between 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms from the PLXNA2 gene (rs3736963, rs2767565, rs752016, rs1327175, rs2478813, and rs716461) and anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and psychological distress. DESIGN: Extreme discordant and concordant siblings. SETTING: Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Study participants were selected with respect to extreme neuroticism scores from a population cohort of 18 742 twin individuals and their siblings. The participants and their parents (if blood or buccal samples were available) were genotyped, for a total of 2854 genotyped individuals from 990 families. Of these, 624 individuals with a diagnosis of anxiety or depression from 443 families were used in the association analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All the participants completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the 23-item Neuroticism scale of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Diagnoses of DSM-IV depression and anxiety were determined from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: There was evidence of an allelic association between rs2478813 (and other single nucleotide polymorphisms correlated with it) and anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and psychological distress; the association with anxiety is significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (empirical P<.001). The mouse ortholog of PLXNA2 is located in a highly significant linkage region previously reported for anxiety in mice. CONCLUSION: PLXNA2 is a candidate for causal variation in anxiety and in other psychiatric disorders through its comorbidity with anxiety.},
affiliation = {Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia. naomi.wray@qimr.edu.au},
number = {3},
pages = {318--26},
volume = {64},
year = {2007},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Neurotic Disorders, Stress: Psychological, Chromosome Mapping, Comorbidity, Depressive Disorder: Major, Anxiety Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Australia, Semaphorins, Genotype, Pedigree, Humans, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Receptors: Cell Surface, Cohort Studies, Siblings, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Personality Disorders, Phenotype, Linkage Disequilibrium, Genetic Variation, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Diseases in Twins},
date-added = {2010-01-12 13:30:32 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 13:30:32 +0100},
doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.318},
pii = {64/3/318},
pmid = {17339520},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wray-2007-Arch%20Gen%20Psychiatry_Anxiety%20and%20comorbid.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2479},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Yang:2010p5368,
author = {Seungmi Yang and Robert W Platt and Michael S Kramer},
journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
title = {Variation in child cognitive ability by week of gestation among healthy term births},
abstract = {The authors investigated variations in cognitive ability by gestational age among 13,824 children at age 6.5 years who were born at term with normal weight, using data from a prospective cohort recruited in 1996-1997 in Belarus. The mean differences in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence were examined by gestational age in completed weeks and by fetal growth after controlling for maternal and family characteristics. Compared with the score for those born at 39-41 weeks, the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) score was 1.7 points (95% confidence interval (CI): -2.7, -0.7) lower in children born at 37 weeks and 0.4 points (95% CI: -1.1, 0.02) lower at 38 weeks after controlling for confounders. There was also a graded relation in postterm children: a 0.5-points (95% CI: -2.6, 1.6) lower score at 42 weeks and 6.0 points (95% CI: -15.1, 3.1) lower at 43 weeks. Compared with children born large for gestational age (>90th percentile), children born small for gestational age (<10th percentile) had the lowest IQ, followed by those at the 10th-50th percentile and those at the >50th-90th percentile. These findings suggest that, even among healthy children born at term, cognitive ability at age 6.5 years is lower in those born at 37 or 38 weeks and those with suboptimal fetal growth.},
number = {4},
pages = {399--406},
volume = {171},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-02-11 09:19:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-11 09:19:06 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwp413},
pii = {kwp413},
pmid = {20080810},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5368},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Leenen:2001,
author = {I Leenen and I Van Mechelen and Paul De Boeck},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Models for ordinal hierarchical classes analysis},
abstract = {This paper proposes an ordinalgeneralizationof the hierarchicalclasses model oriNnallyproposed by De Boeckand Rosenberg(1998).Anyhierarchicalclassesmodelimpliesa decompositionof a two- waytwo-modebinaryarrayM intotwo componentmalrices,calledbundlematrices,whichrepresentthe associationrelationandthe set-theoreticalrelationsamong1heelementsof bothmodesin M. Whereasthe originalmodelrestrictsthe bundlematricesto be binary,lhe ordinalhierarchicalclassesmodelassumes that the bundlesare ordinalvariableswitha prespedfiednumberof values.This generalizationresults in a classificationmodelwithclassesorderedalongordinaldimensions.The ordinalhierarchicalclasses modelisshowntosubsumeCoombsandKao's(1955)modelfornomnetricfactoranalysis.Analgorithm is describedto fit the modelto a givendata set and is subsequentlyevaluatedin an extensivesimulation study. An applicationof the modelto studenthousingdata is discussed.},
number = {3},
pages = {389--404},
volume = {66},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:12 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Leenen-2001-Psychometrika_Models%20for%20ordinal%20h.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2224},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Milla:2009p2761,
author = {Rub{\'e}n Milla and Adri{\'a}n Escudero and Jose Mar{\'\i}a Iriondo},
journal = {Ann Bot},
title = {Inherited variability in multiple traits determines fitness in populations of an annual legume from contrasting latitudinal origins},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Variation in fitness depends on corresponding variation in multiple traits which have both genetically controlled and plastic components. These traits are subjected to varying degrees of local adaptation in specific populations and, consequently, are genetically controlled to different extents. In this study it is hypothesized that modulation of different traits would have contrasting relevance for the fitness of populations of diverse origins. Specifically, assuming that environmental pressures vary across a latitudinal gradient, it is suggested that inherited variation in traits differentially determines fitness in annual Lupinus angustifolius populations from contrasting latitudinal origins in western Spain. METHODS: Seeds of L. angustifolius from three contrasting origins were grown in a common garden. Traits related to more plastic vegetative growth and more genetically conserved phenology were measured, together with estimates of reproductive success. Fitness was estimated by the number of viable seeds per plant. Structural Equation Models were used to infer causal relationships among multiple traits and fitness, separating the direct and indirect effects of morphological, phenological and reproductive traits. KEY RESULTS: Phenological, vegetative and reproductive traits accounted for most of the fitness variation. Fitness was highest in plants of southernmost origin, mainly due to earlier flowering. Fitness within each seed origin was controlled by variation in different traits. Southern origin plants that grew to a larger size achieved higher fitness. However, plant size in plants of northernmost origin was irrelevant, but early flowering promoted higher fitness. Variation in fruit and seed set had a greater effect on the fitness of plants of central origin than phenological and size variation. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that modulation of a functional trait can be relevant to fitness in a given population (i.e. affecting intensity and direction), but irrelevant in other populations. This points to the need to consider integrated phenotypes when trying to unravel local adaptation effects over single traits.},
affiliation = {Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaci{\'o}n, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulip{\'a}n s/n, E-28933 M{\'o}stoles, Madrid, Spain. ruben.milla@gmail.com},
number = {8},
pages = {1279--89},
volume = {103},
year = {2009},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Lupinus, Reproduction, Seeds},
date-added = {2010-01-13 14:21:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 14:21:06 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/aob/mcp068},
pii = {mcp068},
pmid = {19318383},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2761},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kadane:1999p6268,
author = {J B Kadane and M M Meyer and J W Tukey},
journal = {JAMA},
title = {Yule's association paradox and ignored stratum heterogeneity in capture-recapture studies},
number = {447},
pages = {855--859},
volume = {94},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-02-19 22:04:40 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:01:35 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kadane-1999-JAMA_Yule's%20association%20p.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6268},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Saunders:2003p4747,
author = {C L Saunders and D T Bishop and J H Barrett},
journal = {The Stata Joumal},
title = {Sample size calculations for main effects and interactions in case--control studies using Stata's nchi2 and npnchi2 functions},
abstract = {The non-central χ2 distribution can be used to calculate power for tests detecting departure from a null hypothesis. Required sample size can also be calculated because it is proportional to the non-centrality parameter for the distribution. We demonstrate how these calculations can be carried out in Stata using the example of calculating power and sample size for case--control studies of gene--gene and gene--environment interactions. Do-files are available for these calculations.},
number = {1},
pages = {47--56},
volume = {3},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-02-01 11:58:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:53:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Saunders-2003-The%20Stata%20Joumal_Sample%20size%20calculat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4747},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hageman:1993,
author = {WJ Hageman and Arrindell WA},
journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
title = {A further refinement of the reliable change (RC) index by improving the pre-post difference score: introducing RCID},
number = {7},
volume = {31},
year = {1993},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:35:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:18:49 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1016},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vickers:2001p1751,
author = {A J Vickers and Douglas G Altman},
journal = {BMJ},
title = {Statistics notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements},
affiliation = {Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA. vickersa@mskcc.org},
number = {7321},
pages = {1123--4},
volume = {323},
year = {2001},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Chronic Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Analysis of Variance, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Acupuncture Analgesia, Shoulder Pain, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic},
date-added = {2010-01-09 20:58:12 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:20:56 +0200},
pmid = {11701584},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vickers-2001-BMJ_Statistics%20notes%20An.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1751},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hess:2004p14220,
author = {Melinda R Hess and J D Kromrey},
journal = {AERA},
title = {Robust Confidence Intervals for Effect Sizes: A Comparative Study of Cohen's d and Cliff's Delta Under Non-normality and Heterogeneous Variances},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-08-22 20:57:01 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-22 20:59:22 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hess-2004-AERA_Robust%20Confidence%20In.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14220},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Marchini:2007p2389,
author = {Jonathan Marchini and Bryan Howie and Simon Myers and Gil McVean and Peter Donnelly},
journal = {Nat Genet},
title = {A new multipoint method for genome-wide association studies by imputation of genotypes},
abstract = {Genome-wide association studies are set to become the method of choice for uncovering the genetic basis of human diseases. A central challenge in this area is the development of powerful multipoint methods that can detect causal variants that have not been directly genotyped. We propose a coherent analysis framework that treats the problem as one involving missing or uncertain genotypes. Central to our approach is a model-based imputation method for inferring genotypes at observed or unobserved SNPs, leading to improved power over existing methods for multipoint association mapping. Using real genome-wide association study data, we show that our approach (i) is accurate and well calibrated, (ii) provides detailed views of associated regions that facilitate follow-up studies and (iii) can be used to validate and correct data at genotyped markers. A notable future use of our method will be to boost power by combining data from genome-wide scans that use different SNP sets.},
affiliation = {Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.},
number = {7},
pages = {906--13},
volume = {39},
year = {2007},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Genome: Human, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Genetic Markers, Genotype, Case-Control Studies, Models: Genetic, Genomics, Genetics: Population},
date-added = {2010-01-11 19:51:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-11 19:51:22 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/ng2088},
pii = {ng2088},
pmid = {17572673},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Marchini-2007-Nat%20Genet_A%20new%20multipoint%20met.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2389},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Friston:2009p4706,
author = {Karl J Friston},
journal = {Science},
title = {Modalities, modes, and models in functional neuroimaging},
abstract = {In this, the 21st century, human-brain mapping celebrates 21 years of cognitive activation studies. This review looks at imaging neuroscience and key ideas it has pursued; some ideas portend exciting developments, and others have failed gloriously. In terms of achievements, there is much to celebrate, in the sense that it is difficult to imagine modern neuroscience without brain imaging. I will look at recent advances from the perspectives of functional segregation and integration in the brain, paying special attention to approaches that deal with the distributed and integrated nature of neuronal processing and the questions they address.},
affiliation = {Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. k.friston@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk},
number = {5951},
pages = {399--403},
volume = {326},
year = {2009},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Mental Processes, Brain, Computational Biology, Neurons, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Models: Statistical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models: Neurological},
date-added = {2010-01-30 16:19:38 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:50:10 +0200},
doi = {10.1126/science.1174521},
pii = {326/5951/399},
pmid = {19833961},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4706},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Elston:2000p9956,
author = {R C Elston},
journal = {Stat Methods Med Res},
title = {Introduction and overview. Statistical methods in genetic epidemiology},
abstract = {Common terms used in genetics with multiple meanings are explained and a brief overview given of the four major areas of genetic epidemiology--the study of familial aggregation, segregation, cosegregation and association. Familial aggregation measures the potential for a trait to have a genetic aetiology. Segregation analysis uncovers single gene segregation. Cosegregation with genetic markers gives rise to linkage, which is used to locate trait genes on the genome. Association analysis is used for fine mapping, but rests on the assumption that linkage disequilibrium exists.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109-1998, USA. rce@darwin.cwru.edu},
number = {6},
pages = {527--41},
volume = {9},
year = {2000},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetics: Medical, Statistics as Topic, Phenotype, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Terminology as Topic, Genotype, Humans, Chromosome Segregation, Epidemiologic Methods},
date-added = {2010-03-31 16:09:50 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-03-31 16:09:55 +0200},
pmid = {11308069},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Elston-2000-Stat%20Methods%20Med%20Res_Introduction%20and%20ove.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9956},
read = {Yes},
rating = {4}
}

@article{MayorDubois:2008p10981,
author = {C Mayor-Dubois and M Maeder-Ingvar and T Deonna and E Roulet-Perez},
journal = {Dev Med Child Neurol},
title = {The role of epilepsy in early language development in a child with a congenital lesion in the right hemisphere},
abstract = {Early epilepsy is known to worsen the developmental prognosis of young children with a congenital focal brain lesion, but its direct role is often very difficult to delineate from the other variables. This requires prolonged periods of follow-up with simultaneous serial electrophysiological and developmental assessments which are rarely obtained. We studied a male infant with a right prenatal infarct in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery resulting in a left spastic hemiparesis, and an epileptic disorder (infantile spasms with transient right hemihypsarrhythmia and focal seizures) from the age of 7 months until the age of 4 years. Pregnancy and delivery were normal. A dissociated delay of early language acquisition affecting mainly comprehension without any autistic features was documented. This delay was much more severe than usually expected in children with early focal lesions, and its evolution, with catch-up to normal, was correlated with the active phase of the epilepsy. We postulate that the epilepsy specifically amplified a pattern of delayed language emergence, mainly affecting lexical comprehension, reported in children with early right hemisphere damage.},
affiliation = {Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.},
number = {11},
pages = {870--5},
volume = {50},
year = {2008},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Valproic Acid, Child, Male, Epilepsy, Electroencephalography, Functional Laterality, Infant, Language Development Disorders, Severity of Illness Index, Anticonvulsants, Brain, Humans, Cognition Disorders, Neuropsychological Tests},
date-added = {2010-04-13 16:26:49 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-13 16:26:49 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03162.x},
pii = {DMCN3162},
pmid = {19046180},
URL = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121453205/abstract},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Mayor-Dubois-2008-Developmental%20medicine%20and%20child%20neurology_The%20role%20of%20epilepsy.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10981},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ahdesmaki:2009p1539,
author = {M Ahdesm{\"a}ki and K strimmer},
title = {Feature selection in omics prediction problems using cat scores and false non-discovery rate control},
abstract = {We revisit the problem of feature selection in linear discriminant analysis (LDA), i.e. when features are correlated. First, we introduce a pooled centroids formulation of the multi-class LDA predictor function, in which the relative weights of Mahalanobis-transformed predictors are given by correlation-adjusted t-scores (cat scores). Second, for feature selection we propose thresholding cat scores by controlling false non-discovery rates (FNDR). Third, training of the classifier is based on James-Stein shrinkage estimates of correlations and variances, where regularization parameters are chosen analytically without resampling. Overall, this results in an effective and computationally inexpensive framework for high-dimensional prediction with natural feature selection. The proposed shrinkage discriminant procedures are implemented in the R package ``sda'' available from the R repository CRAN.},
affiliation = {Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, H{\"a}rtelstr. 16--18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:22:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-16 13:09:19 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ahdesm%C3%A4ki-2009-_Feature%20selection%20in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1539},
rating = {3}
}

@article{deLeeuw:2010p4264,
author = {Jan de Leeuw},
title = {Geometric Representation of Multivariate Data Frames},
abstract = {We discuss two classes of drawing methods for multivariate categorical data. Both are inspired by multidimensional scaling, and are intimately linked to the notion that similarity in the data is naturally represented as distance in a low-dimensional Euclidean space. The objects that are mea- sured, or categorized, by our variables are represented as points. Each variable defines a partition of the points into subsets corresponding with the values of the variable.
The first class of methods are the clumping methods, that try to represent the objects with the same values on a variable by small compact sub- sets of space. Since there are many ways to measure the size of a point set, there are many clumping methods. The second class are separation methods, which try to construct smooth surfaces from some parametric family to separate points having different values on the variable.
Clumping and separation methods can be implemented using either least squares or likelihood based algorithms, which define the two main ways to measure and minimize badness-of-fit.},
date-added = {2010-01-23 21:25:00 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:45:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/de%20Leeuw--_Geometric%20Representa.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4264},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bhui:2000p6783,
author = {K Bhui and D Bhugra and D Goldberg},
journal = {Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol},
title = {Cross-cultural validity of the Amritsar Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire amongst English and Punjabi primary care attenders},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In order to estimate the health needs of cultural groups, the cross-cultural validity of instruments requires investigation in distinct cultural rather than ethnic or racial groups. METHOD: We screened 'Punjabi' and 'English' primary care attenders in South London (UK), using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), an English origin instrument, and the Amritsar Depression Inventory (ADI), which was developed in the Punjab in India. The criterion measure was the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). We calculated the validity coefficients, optimal thresholds and the area under the 'Receive Operating Characteristic' curve to compare cross-cultural performance. We identified items on each questionnaire that contribute to performance of the instruments. RESULTS: The GHQ-12 has high validity coefficients in both cultural groups. The ADI performs as well amongst English subjects, but among Punjabis it is poorer than the GHQ-12. Among Punjabis who have been resident in the UK for over 30 years, the ADI performs no better than chance. Few items on the ADI or the GHQ are strongly predictive of case status. CONCLUSIONS: The GHQ-12 shows good validity in both cultures. Expressions of distress may change due to acculturation. 'Culturally sensitive' screening instruments need to reflect this. Further work might attend to the changing expressions of distress following migration.},
affiliation = {Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK. K.S.Bhui@mds.qmw.ac.uk},
number = {6},
pages = {248--54},
volume = {35},
year = {2000},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Primary Health Care, Male, European Continental Ancestry Group, ROC Curve, Attitude to Health, Adult, Sampling Studies, Humans, London, Prevalence, Depression, Middle Aged, Cultural Characteristics, Reproducibility of Results, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, India},
date-added = {2010-03-05 22:24:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-05 22:24:58 +0100},
pmid = {10939423},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bhui-2000-Soc%20Psychiatry%20Psychiatr%20Epidemiol_Cross-cultural%20valid.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6783},
rating = {0}
}

@article{SansonFisher:1998p5875,
author = {R W Sanson-Fisher and J J Perkins},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Adaptation and validation of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Australia},
abstract = {This article reports on the process undertaken to adapt the U.S. version of the SF-36 to an Australian setting. In addition, the results of psychometric testing, using the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project process and standards, is also reported. The adaptation process involved a number of steps including: a series of forward and backward translations; ratings of the difficulty of translating the SF-36 and the quality of the resulting translation. To assess the psychometric properties of the Australian form, a random sample of people residing in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia, were invited to complete the SF-36 with 855 respondents consenting to complete the measure. Principal components analyses supported the assumption of two factors underlying the measure with the percentage of variance explained by these factors ranging from between 0.66 and 0.77. Demonstrable internal consistency (both item and scale) and test-retest reliability were also found.},
affiliation = {Faculty of Medicine {\&} Health Science, Newcastle University, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.},
number = {11},
pages = {961--7},
volume = {51},
year = {1998},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Quality of Life, Australia, Humans, Health Status Indicators, Psychometrics, Factor Analysis: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-02-17 15:02:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-17 15:02:21 +0100},
pii = {S0895-4356(98)00087-0},
pmid = {9817113},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sanson-Fisher-1998-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Adaptation%20and%20valid.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5875},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Webster:2009p9918,
author = {Jennifer A Webster and J Raphael Gibbs and Jennifer Clarke and Monika Ray and Weixiong Zhang and Peter Holmans and Kristen Rohrer and Alice Zhao and Lauren Marlowe and Mona Kaleem and Donald S McCorquodale and Cindy Cuello and Doris Leung and Leslie Bryden and Priti Nath and Victoria L Zismann and Keta Joshipura and Matthew J Huentelman and Diane Hu-Lince and Keith D Coon and David W Craig and John V Pearson and NACC-Neuropathology Group and Christopher B Heward and Eric M Reiman and Dietrich Stephan and John Hardy and Amanda J Myers},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
title = {Genetic control of human brain transcript expression in Alzheimer disease},
abstract = {We recently surveyed the relationship between the human brain transcriptome and genome in a series of neuropathologically normal postmortem samples. We have now analyzed additional samples with a confirmed pathologic diagnosis of late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD; final n = 188 controls, 176 cases). Nine percent of the cortical transcripts that we analyzed had expression profiles correlated with their genotypes in the combined cohort, and approximately 5% of transcripts had SNP-transcript relationships that could distinguish LOAD samples. Two of these transcripts have been previously implicated in LOAD candidate-gene SNP-expression screens. This study shows how the relationship between common inherited genetic variants and brain transcript expression can be used in the study of human brain disorders. We suggest that studying the transcriptome as a quantitative endo-phenotype has greater power for discovering risk SNPs influencing expression than the use of discrete diagnostic categories such as presence or absence of disease.},
affiliation = {Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.},
number = {4},
pages = {445--58},
volume = {84},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genome-Wide Association Study, Case-Control Studies, Brain, Female, Aged, Male, Humans, Age of Onset, Gene Expression Profiling, Quantitative Trait Loci, Transcription Initiation Site, Alzheimer Disease, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Transcription: Genetic, Gene Regulatory Networks},
date-added = {2010-03-31 16:07:17 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-03-31 16:07:23 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.03.011},
pii = {S0002-9297(09)00108-6},
pmid = {19361613},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Webster-2009-Am%20J%20Hum%20Genet_Genetic%20control%20of%20h.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9918},
read = {Yes},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Cordell:2004p5288,
author = {Heather J Cordell},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Properties of case/pseudocontrol analysis for genetic association studies: Effects of recombination, ascertainment, and multiple affected offspring},
abstract = {The case/pseudocontrol approach is a general framework for family-based association analysis, incorporating several previously proposed methods such as the transmission/disequilibrium test and log-linear modelling of parent-of-origin effects. In this report, I examine the properties of methods based on a case/pseudocontrol approach when applied to a linked marker rather than (or in addition to) the true disease locus or loci, and when applied to sibships that have been ascertained on, or that may simply contain, multiple affected sibs. Through simulations and analytical calculations, I show that the expected values of the observed relative risk parameters (estimating quantities such as effects due to a child's own genotype, maternal genotype, and parent-of-origin) depend crucially on the ascertainment scheme used, as well as on whether there is non-negligible recombination between the true disease locus and the locus under study. In the presence of either recombination or ascertainment on multiple affected offspring, methods based on conditioning on parental genotypes are shown to give unbiased genotype relative risk estimates at the true disease locus (or loci) but biased estimates of population genotype relative risks at a linked marker, suggesting that the resulting estimates may be misleading when used to predict the power of future studies. Methods that allow for exchangeability of parental genotypes are shown (in the presence of either recombination or ascertainment on multiple affected offspring) to produce false-positive evidence of maternal genotype effects when there are true parent-of-origin or mother-child interaction effects, even when analyzing the true locus. These results suggest that care should be taken in both the interpretation and application of parameter estimates obtained from family-based genetic association studies.},
affiliation = {Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. heather.cordell@cimr.cam.ac.uk},
number = {3},
pages = {186--205},
volume = {26},
year = {2004},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Haplotypes, Female, Genetic Markers, Male, Humans, Algorithms, Models: Genetic, Recombination: Genetic, Genotype, Linkage Disequilibrium, Linear Models, Computer Simulation, Linkage (Genetics), Logistic Models},
date-added = {2010-02-09 22:29:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-09 22:29:15 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.10306},
pmid = {15022206},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5288},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sauerbrei:2007p4069,
author = {Willi Sauerbrei and Patrick Royston and Harald Binder},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Selection of important variables and determination of functional form for continuous predictors in multivariable model building},
abstract = {In developing regression models, data analysts are often faced with many predictor variables that may influence an outcome variable. After more than half a century of research, the 'best' way of selecting a multivariable model is still unresolved. It is generally agreed that subject matter knowledge, when available, should guide model building. However, such knowledge is often limited, and data-dependent model building is required. We limit the scope of the modelling exercise to selecting important predictors and choosing interpretable and transportable functions for continuous predictors. Assuming linear functions, stepwise selection and all-subset strategies are discussed; the key tuning parameters are the nominal P-value for testing a variable for inclusion and the penalty for model complexity, respectively. We argue that stepwise procedures perform better than a literature-based assessment would suggest. Concerning selection of functional form for continuous predictors, the principal competitors are fractional polynomial functions and various types of spline techniques. We note that a rigorous selection strategy known as multivariable fractional polynomials (MFP) has been developed. No spline-based procedure for simultaneously selecting variables and functional forms has found wide acceptance. Results of FP and spline modelling are compared in two data sets. It is shown that spline modelling, while extremely flexible, can generate fitted curves with uninterpretable 'wiggles', particularly when automatic methods for choosing the smoothness are employed. We give general recommendations to practitioners for carrying out variable and function selection. While acknowledging that further research is needed, we argue why MFP is our preferred approach for multivariable model building with continuous covariates.},
affiliation = {Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. wfs@imbi.uni-freiburg.de <wfs@imbi.uni-freiburg.de>},
number = {30},
pages = {5512--28},
volume = {26},
year = {2007},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Alcohol Drinking, Survival Analysis, Models: Statistical, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Cluster Analysis, Glioma, Multivariate Analysis, Mouth Neoplasms, Regression Analysis, Research Design, Prognosis, United States, Epidemiologic Research Design, Predictive Value of Tests, Antineoplastic Agents, Brain Neoplasms, Reproducibility of Results, Confidence Intervals},
date-added = {2010-01-19 15:49:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 15:49:39 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.3148},
pmid = {18058845},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sauerbrei-2007-Stat%20Med_Selection%20of%20importa.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4069},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Jombart:2009p4353,
author = {T Jombart and S Dray and A B Dufour},
journal = {Ecography},
title = {Finding essential scales of spatial variation in ecological data: a multivariate approach},
abstract = {The identification of spatial structures is a key step in understanding the ecological processes structuring the distribution of organisms. Spatial patterns in species distributions result from a combination of several processes occuring at different scales: identifying these scales is thus a crucial issue. Recent studies have proposed a new family of spatial predictors (PCNM: principal coordinates of neighbours matrices; MEMs: Moran's eigenvectors maps) that allow for modelling of spatial variation on different scales. To assess the multi-scale spatial patterns in multivariate data, these variables are often used as predictors in constrained ordination methods. However, the selection of the appropriate spatial predictors is still troublesome, and the identification of the main scales of spatial variation remains an open question. This paper presents a new statistical tool to tackle this issue: the multi-scale pattern analysis (MSPA). This ordination method uses MEMs to decompose ecological variability into several spatial scales and then summarizes this decomposition using graphical representations. A canonical form of MSPA can also be used to assess the spatial scales of the species-environment relationships. MSPA is compared to constrained ordination using simulated data, and illustrated using the famous oribatid mites dataset. The method is implemented in the free software R.},
pages = {161--168},
volume = {32},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-26 15:33:28 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-26 15:34:23 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Jombart-2009-Ecography_Finding%20essential%20sc.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4353},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Poitevineau:2004p11761,
author = {J Poitevineau},
journal = {Mathematics and Social Sciences},
title = {L'usage des tests statistiques par les chercheurs en psychologie : aspects normatif, descriptif et prescriptif},
number = {3},
pages = {5--25},
volume = {167},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-05-23 10:08:24 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 10:09:51 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Poitevineau-2004-Mathematics%20and%20Social%20Sciences_L'usage%20des%20tests%20st.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11761},
rating = {0}
}

@techreport{Pinheiro:1997,
author = {Jos{\'e} C Pinheiro and Chuanhai Liu and Yingnian Wu},
journal = {Techreport},
title = {Robust estimation in linear mixed-effects models using the multivariate t-distribution},
affiliation = {Bell Labs},
year = {1997},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:37:35 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:37:35 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Pinheiro-1997-Techreport_Robust%20estimation%20in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1106},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Junker:1997p6286,
author = {B W Junker and J L Ellis},
journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
title = {A Characterization of Monotone Unidimensional Latent Variable Models},
number = {3},
pages = {1327--1343},
volume = {25},
year = {1997},
date-added = {2010-02-20 19:57:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-20 19:57:45 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Junker-1997-The%20Annals%20of%20Statistics_A%20Characterization%20o.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6286},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Axelsson:2009p13050,
author = {M Axelsson and M Emilsson and E Brink and J Lundgren and K Tor{\'e}n and J L{\"o}tvall},
journal = {Respir Med},
title = {Personality, adherence, asthma control and health-related quality of life in young adult asthmatics},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Striving for improved adherence and asthma control is of vital concern in today's asthma management. Several influential factors have been identified, but the importance of personality traits has been insufficiently explored. The aim was first to determine whether personality traits in young adult asthmatics are related to asthma control and health-related quality of life (HRQL), and second to examine the influences of personality traits on adherence to regular asthma medication treatment. METHODS: Young adult asthmatics, 22 years of age (n=268) completed questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: The personality traits Negative Affectivity and Impulsivity correlated negatively with asthma control, whereas in women Hedonic Capacity correlated positively with asthma control. Negative Affectivity, Impulsivity, Hedonic Capacity, Alexithymia and asthma control predicted the mental dimension of HRQL. Asthma control and physical activity predicted the physical dimension of HRQL. Among respondents with regular asthma medication (n=109), Impulsivity correlated negatively with adherence. In men, Antagonism and Alexithymia were associated with low adherence. Additionally, Alexithymia, Hedonic Capacity and Negative Affectivity showed non-linear relationships with adherence, meaning that initially increased scores on these personality traits scales were associated with increased adherence but higher scores did not increase adherence. Respondents who were prescribed a single inhaler combining ICS and LABA reported higher adherence than those with monotherapies. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that personality can influence how asthma patients adhere to asthma medication treatment, and report their control and HRQL. Tools determining personality traits may be useful in the future in individualizing management of asthma patients.},
affiliation = {Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. malin.axelsson@hv.se},
number = {7},
pages = {1033--40},
volume = {103},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-06-26 10:16:22 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-26 10:16:23 +0200},
doi = {10.10

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib