text:
@article{
   title = {Celiac disease affects older adults. Finnish researchers have discovered that sprue, once thought to be a disease of the young, also afflicts people over 55},
   journal = {Duke Med Health News},
   volume = {15},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1-2},
   note = {Journal Article
United States
Duke Med Health News. 2009 Nov;15(11):1-2.},
   keywords = {Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging/metabolism
Autoantibodies/blood
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/*epidemiology
Female
Finland/epidemiology
Glutens/metabolism
Humans
Incidence
Male
Middle Aged
Risk Factors
Transglutaminases/immunology/metabolism},
   ISSN = {2153-8387 (Print)
2153-8387},
   Accession Number = {20050204},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Celiac disease: a concern even later in life},
   journal = {Johns Hopkins Med Lett Health After 50},
   volume = {21},
   number = {10},
   pages = {3, 7},
   note = {Journal Article
United States
Johns Hopkins Med Lett Health After 50. 2009 Dec;21(10):3, 7.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/immunology/*therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Food Hypersensitivity/*diagnosis/immunology/*therapy
Glutens/*adverse effects
Humans},
   ISSN = {1042-1882 (Print)
1042-1882},
   Accession Number = {20020543},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Getting out the gluten. Growing numbers of people are avoiding wheat and other grains because of celiac disease},
   journal = {Harv Health Lett},
   volume = {34},
   number = {8},
   pages = {1-3},
   note = {Journal Article
United States
Harv Health Lett. 2009 Jun;34(8):1-3.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*diet therapy/immunology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Glutens/*adverse effects
Humans},
   ISSN = {1052-1577 (Print)
1052-1577},
   Accession Number = {19623732},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {What is celiac disease, and what can I do to control it?},
   journal = {Duke Med Health News},
   volume = {15},
   number = {10},
   pages = {8},
   note = {Journal Article
United States
Duke Med Health News. 2009 Oct;15(10):8.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*diet therapy/physiopathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans},
   ISSN = {2153-8387 (Print)
2153-8387},
   Accession Number = {19830879},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Celiac disease breakthrough. Researchers identify toxic protein fragments; discovery paves the way for prevention, diagnosis, and treatments},
   journal = {Duke Med Health News},
   volume = {16},
   number = {10},
   pages = {5-6},
   note = {Journal Article
United States
Duke Med Health News. 2010 Oct;16(10):5-6.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*genetics/*immunology/prevention & control
Diet, Gluten-Free
Glutens/*toxicity
HLA-DQ Antigens/*genetics/*immunology
Humans
Immunotherapy/methods},
   ISSN = {2153-8387 (Print)
2153-8387},
   Accession Number = {21089259},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   title = {Clinical utility of serologic testing for celiac disease in ontario: an evidence-based analysis},
   journal = {Ont Health Technol Assess Ser},
   volume = {10},
   number = {21},
   pages = {1-111},
   note = {Health Quality Ontario
Journal Article
Canada
Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2010;10(21):1-111. Epub 2010 Dec 1.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE OF ANALYSIS: The objective of this evidence-based evaluation is to assess the accuracy of serologic tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease in subjects with symptoms consistent with this disease. Furthermore the impact of these tests in the diagnostic pathway of the disease and decision making was also evaluated. CELIAC DISEASE: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that develops in genetically predisposed individuals. The immunological response is triggered by ingestion of gluten, a protein that is present in wheat, rye, and barley. The treatment consists of strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Patients with celiac disease may present with a myriad of symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis, among others. SEROLOGIC TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS CELIAC DISEASE: There are a number of serologic tests used in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA)Anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG)Anti-deamidated gliadin peptides antibodies (DGP)Serologic tests are automated with the exception of the EMA test, which is more time-consuming and operator-dependent than the other tests. For each serologic test, both immunoglobulin A (IgA) or G (IgG) can be measured, however, IgA measurement is the standard antibody measured in celiac disease. DIAGNOSIS OF CELIAC DISEASE: According to celiac disease guidelines, the diagnosis of celiac disease is established by small bowel biopsy. Serologic tests are used to initially detect and to support the diagnosis of celiac disease. A small bowel biopsy is indicated in individuals with a positive serologic test. In some cases an endoscopy and small bowel biopsy may be required even with a negative serologic test. The diagnosis of celiac disease must be performed on a gluten-containing diet since the small intestine abnormalities and the serologic antibody levels may resolve or improve on a GFD. Since IgA measurement is the standard for the serologic celiac disease tests, false negatives may occur in IgA-deficient individuals. INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE: The incidence and prevalence of celiac disease in the general population and in subjects with symptoms consistent with or at higher risk of celiac disease based on systematic reviews published in 2004 and 2009 are summarized below. INCIDENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: ADULTS OR MIXED POPULATION: 1 to 17/100,000/year CHILDREN: 2 to 51/100,000/yearIn one of the studies, a stratified analysis showed that there was a higher incidence of celiac disease in younger children compared to older children, i.e., 51 cases/100,000/year in 0 to 2 year-olds, 33/100,000/year in 2 to 5 year-olds, and 10/100,000/year in children 5 to 15 years old. PREVALENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: The prevalence of celiac disease reported in population-based studies identified in the 2004 systematic review varied between 0.14% and 1.87% (median: 0.47%, interquartile range: 0.25%, 0.71%). According to the authors of the review, the prevalence did not vary by age group, i.e., adults and children. PREVALENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE IN HIGH RISK SUBJECTS: Type 1 diabetes (adults and children): 1 to 11%AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE: 2.9 to 3.3%FIRST DEGREE RELATIVES OF PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE: 2 to 20% PREVALENCE OF CELIAC DISEASE IN SUBJECTS WITH SYMPTOMS CONSISTENT WITH THE DISEASE: The prevalence of celiac disease in subjects with symptoms consistent with the disease varied widely among studies, i.e., 1.5% to 50% in adult studies, and 1.1% to 17% in pediatric studies. Differences in prevalence may be related to the referral pattern as the authors of a systematic review noted that the prevalence tended to be higher in studies whose population originated from tertiary referral centres compared to general practice. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: What is the sensitivity and specificity of serologic tests in the diagnosis celiac disease?What is the clinical validity of serologic tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease? The clinical validity was defined as the ability of the test to change diagnosis.What is the clinical utility of serologic tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease? The clinical utility was defined as the impact of the test on decision making.What is the budget impact of serologic tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease?What is the cost-effectiveness of serologic tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease? METHODS: LITERATURE SEARCH: A literature search was performed on November 13(th), 2009 using OVID MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Cochrane Library, and the International Agency for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) for studies published from January 1(st) 2003 and November 13(th) 2010. Abstracts were reviewed by a single reviewer and, for those studies meeting the eligibility criteria, full-text articles were obtained. Reference lists were also examined for any additional relevant studies not identified through the search. Articles with unknown eligibility were reviewed with a second clinical epidemiologist, then a group of epidemiologists until consensus was established. The quality of evidence was assessed as high, moderate, low or very low according to GRADE methodology. Inclusion Criteria Inclusion CriteriaExclusion CriteriaStudies that evaluated diagnostic accuracy, i.e., both sensitivity and specificity of serology tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease.Study population consisted of untreated patients with symptoms consistent with celiac disease.Studies in which both serologic celiac disease tests and small bowel biopsy (gold standard) were used in all subjects.Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, prospective observational studies, and retrospective cohort studies.At least 20 subjects included in the celiac disease group.English language.Human studies.Studies published from 2000 on.Clearly defined cut-off value for the serology test. If more than one test was evaluated, only those tests for which a cut-off was provided were included.Description of small bowel biopsy procedure clearly outlined (location, number of biopsies per patient), unless if specified that celiac disease diagnosis guidelines were followed.Patients in the treatment group had untreated CD.Studies on screening of the general asymptomatic population.Studies that evaluated rapid diagnostic kits for use either at home or in physician's offices.Studies that evaluated diagnostic modalities other than serologic tests such as capsule endoscopy, push enteroscopy, or genetic testing.Cut-off for serologic tests defined based on controls included in the study.Study population defined based on positive serology or subjects pre-screened by serology tests.Celiac disease status known before study enrolment.Sensitivity or specificity estimates based on repeated testing for the same subject.Non-peer-reviewed literature such as editorials and letters to the editor. POPULATION: The population consisted of adults and children with untreated, undiagnosed celiac disease with symptoms consistent with the disease. SEROLOGIC CELIAC DISEASE TESTS EVALUATED: Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA)Anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG)Anti-deamidated gliadin peptides antibody (DGP)Combinations of some of the serologic tests listed above were evaluated in some studiesBoth IgA and IgG antibodies were evaluated for the serologic tests listed above. OUTCOMES OF INTEREST: SensitivitySpecificityPositive and negative likelihood ratiosDiagnostic odds ratio (OR)Area under the sROC curve (AUC)Small bowel biopsy was used as the gold standard in order to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of each serologic test. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) for the different serologic tests were calculated using a bivariate, binomial generalized linear mixed model. Statistical significance for differences in sensitivity and specificity between serologic tests was defined by P values less than 0.05, where "false discovery rate" adjustments were made for multiple hypothesis testing. The bivariate regression analyses were performed using SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc.; Cary, NC, USA). Using the bivariate model parameters, summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves were produced using Review Manager 5.0.22 (The Nordiac Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008). The area under the sROC curve (AUC) was estimated by bivariate mixed-efects binary regression modeling framework. Model specification, estimation and prediction are carried out with xtmelogit in Stata release 10 (Statacorp, 2007). Statistical tests for the differences in AUC estimates could not be carried out. The study results were stratified according to patient or disease characteristics such as age, severity of Marsh grade abnormalities, among others, if reported in the studies. The literature indicates that the diagnostic accuracy of serologic tests for celiac disease may be affected in patients with chronic liver disease, therefore, the studies identified through the systematic literature review that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of serologic tests for celiac disease in patients with chronic liver disease were summarized. The effect of the GFD in patiens diagnosed with celiac disease was also summarized if reported in the studies eligible for the analysis. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: PUBLISHED SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS: Five systematic reviews of studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of serologic celiac disease tests were identified through our literature search. Seventeen individual studies identified in adults and children were eligible for this evaluation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)},
   ISSN = {1915-7398 (Print)
1915-7398},
   Accession Number = {23074399},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Abel, E. K.},
   title = {The rise and fall of celiac disease in the United States},
   journal = {J Hist Med Allied Sci},
   volume = {65},
   number = {1},
   pages = {81-105},
   note = {1468-4373
Abel, Emily K
Biography
Historical Article
Journal Article
England
J Hist Med Allied Sci. 2010 Jan;65(1):81-105. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrp018. Epub 2009 Jun 24.},
   abstract = {Because celiac disease is greatly under-diagnosed in the United States, a common assumption is that U.S. doctors and researchers always have considered the condition extremely rare. However, the disorder captured widespread medical attention at the beginning of the twentieth century. Luther Emmett Holt, a leading pediatrician, encouraged three other doctors to investigate the condition. Two helped to associate celiac disease with elite medical institutions. The third linked it to the marketing efforts of the United Fruit Company. Interest in celiac declined after 1965, partly as a result of the decreased concern with nutrition and nutritional disorders.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*history
Child Nutrition Sciences/history
Diet, Gluten-Free/history
Faculty, Medical/history
Food Industry/history
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
Humans
Musa
Pediatrics/*history
Research/*history
United States},
   ISSN = {0022-5045},
   Accession Number = {19553256},
   DOI = {10.1093/jhmas/jrp018},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Abenavoli, L.},
   title = {Behcet's disease and celiac disease: a rare association or a possible link?},
   journal = {Rheumatol Int},
   volume = {30},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1405},
   note = {1437-160x
Abenavoli, Ludovico
Comment
Letter
Germany
Rheumatol Int. 2010 Aug;30(10):1405. doi: 10.1007/s00296-009-1173-3. Epub 2009 Oct 13.},
   keywords = {Adult
Autoantigens/immunology
Autoimmunity/immunology
Behcet Syndrome/*complications/immunology/pathology
Celiac Disease/*complications/immunology/pathology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Molecular Mimicry
Viruses/immunology},
   ISSN = {0172-8172},
   Accession Number = {19823834},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00296-009-1173-3},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Abenavoli, L. and Arena, V. and Giancotti, F. and Vecchio, F. M. and Abenavoli, S.},
   title = {Celiac disease, primary biliary cirrhosis and helicobacter pylori infection: one link for three diseases},
   journal = {Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol},
   volume = {23},
   number = {4},
   pages = {1261-5},
   note = {Abenavoli, L
Arena, V
Giancotti, F
Vecchio, F M
Abenavoli, S
Case Reports
Letter
England
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010 Oct-Dec;23(4):1261-5.},
   abstract = {The association between celiac disease (CD) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has been reported in literature. Recent epidemiological studies showed an increased prevalence of CD in patients with PBC and vice versa. The cause of PBC is unknown. However, considerable evidence points to an autoimmune basis. The role of infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), has been proposed to stimulate antibody cross-reaction with mitochondria of the bile duct cells. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with diagnosis of CD, PBC and H. pylori infection. Strict adherence to gluten-free diet, associated to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration and eradication treatment for H. pylori infection, led to a marked improvement of clinical status. Our experience supports the pathogenetic role of increased intestinal permeability in the course of CD and H. pylori infection to induce PBC. Future studies are needed to clarify this link to, and in particular the role played by abnormal intestinal permeability and infectious agents in the pathogenesis of PBC.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*complications
Female
Helicobacter Infections/*complications
*Helicobacter pylori
Humans
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/drug therapy/*etiology
Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {0394-6320 (Print)
0394-6320},
   Accession Number = {21244776},
   DOI = {10.1177/039463201002300431},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Abenavoli, L. and Proietti, I. and Zaccone, V. and Gasbarrini, G. and Addolorato, G.},
   title = {Celiac disease: from gluten to skin},
   journal = {Expert Rev Clin Immunol},
   volume = {5},
   number = {6},
   pages = {789-800},
   note = {1744-8409
Abenavoli, Ludovico
Proietti, Ilaria
Zaccone, Vincenzo
Gasbarrini, Giovanni
Addolorato, Giovanni
Journal Article
England
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2009 Nov;5(6):789-800. doi: 10.1586/eci.09.46.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gluten-dependent enteropathy characterized by atrophy of the intestinal villi that improves after a gluten-free diet. CD is often associated with extraintestinal manifestations. In the past few years, growing evidence has documented the involvement of skin diseases among the extraintestinal manifestations of CD. This association could be related to the impairment of intestinal absorption and motility, other than to immunological and hormonal changes. The aim of this review is to report all CD-associated skin manifestations described in the literature and to analyze the possible mechanisms involved in this association. The opportunity to evaluate the possible presence of CD in patients affected by skin disorders is discussed.},
   ISSN = {1744-666x},
   Accession Number = {20477697},
   DOI = {10.1586/eci.09.46},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Abrantes-Lemos, C. P. and Nakhle, M. C. and Damiao, A. O. and Sipahi, A. M. and Carrilho, F. J. and Cancado, E. L.},
   title = {Performance of two commercial ELISAs for detecting IgA anti-human and anti-guinea pig tissue transglutaminase antibodies},
   journal = {Clin Lab},
   volume = {56},
   number = {1-2},
   pages = {29-35},
   note = {Abrantes-Lemos, Clarice Pires
Nakhle, Maria Cristina
Damiao, Aderson Omar Mourao Cintra
Sipahi, Aytan Miranda
Carrilho, Flair Jose
Cancado, Eduardo Luiz R
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Clin Lab. 2010;56(1-2):29-35.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sensitivity and specificity of anti-human tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-htTGA) seem to be superior to those of anti-tissue transglutaminase of guinea pig (anti-gptTGA) for screening patients with celiac disease (CD), but there are still controversies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two INOVA ELISA kits to detect IgA anti-htTGA and anti-gptTGA in patients with and without CD. METHODS: The study groups were comprised of 49 anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)-positive untreated-CD, and 123 controls (EMA-negative treated CD, EMA-negative chronic diarrhea, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and healthy people). RESULTS: The agreement between the two ELISAs was statistically significant in all study groups and there was no significant difference between them (92.7% agreement; kappa = 0.70; kappa p = 0.001; McNemar p = 1). All patients with serum reactivity of more than 100 units had histologic diagnosis of CD. In seven of 10 patients with treated-CD who had control biopsies, villous atrophy was still present in four who tested positive by both kits. Two of three celiacs with histologic remission tested positive for both anti-tTGA. CONCLUSIONS: the anti-gptTGA and anti-htTGA determination were equally efficient in identifying patients with untreated-CD with high titers of EMA. Whatever the anti-tTGA ELISA used, the reactivity above 100 units was always related to active CD diagnosed by histologic alterations in intestinal biopsies. The anti-tTGA reactivity by both kits was not only similar in determining histologic activity in the follow-up of CD after a gluten free diet, but also in identifying positive sera from the control groups, regardless if CD has been confirmed by duodenal biopsies.},
   keywords = {Adult
Animals
Antibodies/*blood
Celiac Disease/blood/immunology
Chronic Disease
Diarrhea/blood/enzymology/immunology
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods
Factor XIIIa/*immunology
Female
Guinea Pigs
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*blood
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/blood/enzymology/immunology
Male},
   ISSN = {1433-6510 (Print)
1433-6510},
   Accession Number = {20380357},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Accomando, S. and Pellitteri, V. and Corsello, G.},
   title = {Biochemical markers in Celiac disease},
   journal = {Front Biosci (Schol Ed)},
   volume = {2},
   pages = {313-7},
   note = {1945-0524
Accomando, Salvatore
Pellitteri, Veronica
Corsello, Giovanni
Journal Article
Review
United States
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2010 Jan 1;2:313-7.},
   abstract = {Celiac Disease is a worldwide spread condition affecting 1:100-1:200 individuals. It is a permanent food intolerance to ingested gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. In this review we analyze the biochemical markers of the disease going from laboratory findings to histology passing through genetics. Gluten intolerance is a unique model of autoimmune disease in which we can recognize the main environmental factor (gluten) and the more complex genetic background. In additional way, serological markers for monitoring the disease and a safe and effective therapy (gluten free diet) are also available. In deed the environmental factor such as gluten intake is necessary to trigger the disease but genetics also matter. HLA genes are the most studied but in recent times also not HLA related genes are giving proof of additional relative risk to disease if present. From histological point of view intra epithelial cell infiltration by several lymphocyte subsets is becoming more and more important also for understanding pathogenesis of the disease.},
   keywords = {Biomarkers/*metabolism
Celiac Disease/*blood/genetics/*physiopathology
Epithelial Cells/immunology
Humans
Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
Serology/methods},
   ISSN = {1945-0516},
   Accession Number = {20036949},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Accomando, S. and Pellitteri, V. and Corsello, G.},
   title = {Natural polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents},
   journal = {Front Biosci (Schol Ed)},
   volume = {2},
   pages = {318-31},
   note = {1945-0524
Accomando, Salvatore
Pellitteri, Veronica
Corsello, Giovanni
Journal Article
Review
United States
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2010 Jan 1;2:318-31.},
   abstract = {Celiac Disease is a worldwide spread condition affecting 1:100-1:200 individuals. It is a permanent food intolerance to ingested gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. In this review we analyze the biochemical markers of the disease going from laboratory findings to histology passing through genetics. Gluten intolerance is a unique model of autoimmune disease in which we can recognize the main environmental factor (gluten) and the more complex genetic background. In additional way, serological markers for monitoring the disease and a safe and effective therapy (gluten free diet) are also available. In deed the environmental factor such as gluten intake is necessary to trigger the disease but genetics also matter. HLA genes are the most studied but in recent times also not HLA related genes are giving proof of additional relative risk to disease if present. From histological point of view intra epithelial cell infiltration by several lymphocyte subsets is becoming more and more important also for understanding pathogenesis of the disease.},
   keywords = {Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry/*metabolism
Antioxidants/chemistry/*metabolism
Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism
Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
Flavonoids/biosynthesis/chemistry/*metabolism
Humans
Inflammation/*metabolism
*Models, Biological
Molecular Structure
Phenols/chemistry/*metabolism
Polyphenols
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism},
   ISSN = {1945-0516},
   Accession Number = {20036950},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Achour, A. and Thabet, Y. and Sakly, W. and Mankai, A. and Sakly, N. and Ayadi, A. and Sfar, M. T. and Amri, F. and Harbi, A. and Essoussi, A. S. and Krifa, A. and Ajmi, S. and Ghedira, I.},
   title = {IgA anti-actin antibodies in celiac disease},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {34},
   number = {8-9},
   pages = {483-7},
   note = {Achour, A
Thabet, Y
Sakly, W
Mankai, A
Sakly, N
Ayadi, A
Sfar, M T
Amri, F
Harbi, A
Essoussi, A S
Krifa, A
Ajmi, S
Ghedira, I
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2010 Sep;34(8-9):483-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.01.023. Epub 2010 Jul 23.},
   abstract = {AIMS: The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of IgA anti-actin antibodies (IgA-AAA) for celiac disease (CD), to investigate their usefulness as a marker of compliance in CD patients to the gluten-free diet (GFD), and to assess the relationship between their presence in the sera of CD patients and severity of intestinal mucosal damage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 182 patients with CD were studied: 63 patients were untreated; 50 patients were following a strict GFD; and 69 patients were non-compliant with a GFD. IgA-AAA was detected using a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: IgA-AAA showed a sensitivity of 41.3% and a specificity of 71.4% for a diagnosis of CD. In children, the frequency of IgA-AAA detection was lower in those following a strict GFD (23.1%) compared with untreated patients (39.4%) and those not complying with a GFD (32.5%). In patients following a strict GFD, IgA-AAA detection was significantly less frequent in children than in adults (23.1% vs. 58.3%, respectively; P<0.001). IgA-AAA was found in 17 out of 52 CD patients with total villous atrophy (32.7%), and in one out of 11 patients with subtotal villous atrophy (9%). CONCLUSION: IgA-AAA cannot replace anti-endomysium and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the diagnosis algorithm of CD, but it can serve as a reliable marker of severe intestinal mucosal damage in CD patients.},
   keywords = {Actins/*immunology
Adolescent
Adult
Autoantibodies/*blood
Biomarkers/blood
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/*immunology
Chi-Square Distribution
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*blood
Infant
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Patient Compliance
Sensitivity and Specificity
Severity of Illness Index
Tunisia
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {20655155},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.gcb.2010.01.023},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Adhi, M. and Farooq, A. and Hamid, S. A. and Hasan, R. and Mamji, S. and Baloch, A. A.},
   title = {Sero-negative celiac disease with dermatitis herpetiformes: a case report},
   journal = {Cases J},
   volume = {2},
   pages = {7512},
   note = {1757-1626
Adhi, Mehreen
Farooq, Asma
Hamid, Syed Ali
Hasan, Rabia
Mamji, Salman
Baloch, Akhtar Ali
Journal Article
England
Cases J. 2009 May 18;2:7512. doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-7512.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: We report a case of sero-negative celiac disease in Pakistan. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old female presented with papulovesicular rash for 15 years, diarrhea for 8 years, spasms of hands and twitching of face for 4-5 months. She had mild anemia, low vitamin-D3 and serum calcium. On exclusion of other causes of malabsorption, anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (immunoglobulin-A & immunoglobulin-G), anti-endomysial antibodies, total immunoglobulin-A levels and skin biopsy were performed, which were normal. Intestinal biopsy revealed subtotal villous atrophy. Patient was prescribed gluten-free diet, to which she responded with alleviation of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Negative serology should not rule out celiac disease; intestinal biopsy should be performed if there is strong clinical suspicion.},
   ISSN = {1757-1626},
   Accession Number = {19829985},
   DOI = {10.1186/1757-1626-2-7512},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Afredj, N. and Metatla, S. and Faraoun, S. A. and Nani, A. and Guessab, N. and Benhalima, M. and Bendib, S. E. and Debzi, N. and Layaida, K. and Gamar, L. and Baiod, N. and Balamane, M. and Kaddache, N. and Bounab, N. and Kecili, L. and Boucekkine, T.},
   title = {Association of Budd-Chiari syndrome and celiac disease},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {34},
   number = {11},
   pages = {621-4},
   note = {Afredj, N
Metatla, S
Faraoun, S A
Nani, A
Guessab, N
Benhalima, M
Bendib, S E
Debzi, N
Layaida, K
Gamar, L
Baiod, N
Balamane, M
Kaddache, N
Bounab, N
Kecili, L
Boucekkine, T
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2010 Nov;34(11):621-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.007. Epub 2010 Oct 8.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An association between Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and celiac disease (CD) is uncommon. The aims of our study were to investigate the etiology of BCS and to search for a particular HLA Ag pattern among patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: BCS diagnosis was based on Doppler ultrasound and CD diagnosis on duodenal biopsy, transglutaminase (TGAb) and gliadin antibodies (GAb). Patients were screened for prothrombotic disorders and seven had a PCR-SSO test for HLA genotypes. Patients were treated with anticoagulants and gluten-free diet. RESULTS: Nine patients were included; mean age 27 years (20-42); sex ratio (F/M) 2; mean follow-up duration 31 months (6-54). All patients had endoscopic and histological features of CD. GAb/TGAb were found in 78 % (n=7). Ag HLA found were HLA DQbeta1(*)02 (n=6) and DQbeta1(*)03 (n=3). Prothrombotic conditions identified were latent myeloproliferative disorder (n=1), protein C deficiency (n=1), probable factor V Leiden (n=1) and oral contraceptive use (n=1). No prothrombotic state could be identified in the five other patients. CONCLUSION: The BCS-CD association is relatively frequent in our country. Underlying prothrombotic conditions were absent in more than 50 % of cases, suggesting CD plays a role in the occurrence of thrombosis. HLA alleles found are strongly associated with CD, without any particular pattern for the BCS-CD association.},
   keywords = {Adult
Antibodies/blood
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
Biomarkers/blood
Budd-Chiari Syndrome/blood/*complications/*diagnosis/immunology/therapy
Celiac Disease/blood/*complications/*diagnosis/immunology/therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gliadin/blood
HLA-DQ Antigens/blood
Humans
Male
Risk Factors
Transglutaminases/blood},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {20934289},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.007},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ait Ben Haddou, E. and Errabih, I. and Raissouni, L. and Elhassani, M. and Benomar, A. and Ouazzani, H. and Yahyaoui, M.},
   title = {[Interest of corticosteroids in neurological complications of celiac disease]},
   journal = {Rev Neurol (Paris)},
   volume = {165},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1103-6},
   note = {Ait Ben Haddou, E
Errabih, I
Raissouni, L
Elhassani, M
Benomar, A
Ouazzani, H
Yahyaoui, M
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2009 Dec;165(12):1103-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2009.02.005.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Neurological manifestations of celiac disease are rare and polymorphic. Similar to lesions of the digestive tract, the standard treatment includes steroids. CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old woman, followed up for celiac disease resistant to gluten-free diet, developed rapidly spastic paraparesis, cerebellar syndrome, horizontal diplopia and decline of visual acuity. The diagnosis of neurological complications of celiac disease was established and the patient was treated with methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisone. For 9 years, the patient's neurological status remained stabilized with a prednisone dose at 20mg per day. The patient relapsed when progressive reduction of prednisone dose was attempted; neurological and gastrointestinal signs worsening at 15mg per day; increasing the dose to 30mg improved the clinical status. DISCUSSION: The mechanism of onset of neurological disease remains unknown. Immunological, nutritional, toxic or metabolic factors could be involved. The positive response to corticosteroids observed in this patient suggest an immunological mechanism.},
   keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*therapeutic use
Adult
Celiac Disease/*complications/*drug therapy
Diarrhea/etiology
Diplopia/etiology
Female
Humans
Nervous System Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology
Prednisone/*therapeutic use
Vision Disorders/etiology
Visual Acuity},
   ISSN = {0035-3787 (Print)
0035-3787},
   Accession Number = {19541334},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.neurol.2009.02.005},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Alba, P. and Ochandorena, M. and Propato, L. and Buteler, M. M. and Guarneri, F. and Bolatti, H. and Crespo Roca, F.},
   title = {[Celiac disease and antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report]},
   journal = {Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba},
   volume = {66},
   number = {2},
   pages = {73-6},
   note = {Alba, Paula
Ochandorena, M
Propato, L
Buteler, M M
Guarneri, F
Bolatti, H
Crespo Roca, F
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
Argentina
Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 2009;66(2):73-6.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease may be associated with other autoimmune diseases and its association with antiphospholipid syndrome has been rarely reported. We describe a clinical case with the onset of celiac disease in the puerperium of a patient with previous diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome.},
   keywords = {Adult
Antiphospholipid Syndrome/*complications
Celiac Disease/*complications/diet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Fetal Death
Humans
Puerperal Disorders/*etiology},
   ISSN = {0014-6722 (Print)
0014-6722},
   Accession Number = {21138663},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Albany, C. and Servetnyk, Z.},
   title = {Disabling osteomalacia and myopathy as the only presenting features of celiac disease: a case report},
   journal = {Cases J},
   volume = {2},
   number = {1},
   pages = {20},
   note = {1757-1626
Albany, Costantine
Servetnyk, Zhanna
Journal Article
England
Cases J. 2009 Jan 7;2(1):20. doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-2-20.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Celiac disease is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine precipitated by the ingestion of gluten, a component of wheat protein, in genetically susceptible persons. Classically, the disease manifests with diarrhea, weight loss and anemia. There are very few reports of osteomalacia as the presenting symptom, and even fewer of osteomalacia as the only symptom of celiac disease at presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case report we describe a 40 year-old patient who presented with 6 months history of progressively worsening and disabling osteomalacia as the only presentation of a celiac disease. With adherence to a gluten-free diet and calcium-vitamin D supplementation, the patient's condition improved remarkably within three months and she was able to walk pain free. CONCLUSION: Celiac disease frequently is under diagnosed or misdiagnosed which results in unnecessary morbidity such as disabling osteomalacia. Therefore, early diagnosis of celiac disease is important because the symptoms completely resolve with adequate treatment.},
   ISSN = {1757-1626},
   Accession Number = {19128487},
   DOI = {10.1186/1757-1626-2-20},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Albulova, E. A. and Drozdov, V. N. and Parfenov, A. I. and Viazhevich Iu, V. and Petrakov, A. V. and Varvanina, G. G.},
   title = {[Bone mineral density in patients with gluten-sensitivity celiac disease]},
   journal = {Ter Arkh},
   volume = {82},
   number = {2},
   pages = {43-8},
   note = {Albulova, E A
Drozdov, V N
Parfenov, A I
Viazhevich, Iu V
Petrakov, A V
Varvanina, G G
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Russia (Federation)
Ter Arkh. 2010;82(2):43-8.},
   abstract = {AIM: to determine the frequency of development of osteopenia/ostoporosis (OP) vitamin D deficiency, some population risk factors, and the effects of alpha-calcidol and calcitriol on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with gluten-sensitivity celiac disease (GSCD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Densitometry of the lumbar vertebra and femoral neck (FN) was carried out in 47 patients with GSCD. Their sera were tested for 25OHD3, 1,25(OH)2D3, total alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), type 1 collagen type C-telopeptides (CrossLaps) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), as well as urinary creatinine and calcium. RESULTS: The T score below -1 was found in 37 (78.7%) of the patients. BMD reduced to the level of osteopenia in 51.1% of the patients; OP was detected in 27.7%. Lower BMD was noted in 19 (95%) of the 20 menopausal women and in 15 (68.2%) of the 22 females with preserved menstrual function (p = 0.047). The mean value of 250 HD3 was 47.8 +/- 5.0 in patients with OP patients and 85.6 +/- 7.1 ng/l in those with normal BMD (p < 0.001). The latter had no decreased level of vitamin D, suggesting its deficiency, but 11 (30%) osteopenic patients were found to have vitamin D deficiency (25OHD3 < 30 ng/l). Impaired calcitriol synthesis (69.9 +/- 24.0 ng/l) was observed only in patients with OP; the level of calcitriol was 85.6 +/- 31.2 ng/ml in those with normal BMD. Decreased BMD was accompanied by elevated PTH levels in 25 (67%) patients with GSCD. There were increases in the bone resorption marker CrossLaps and in the level of TNF-alpha in 28 (76%) and 8 (22%) osteopenic patients, respectively. A more significant BMD reduction was seen in the presence of antibodies to gliadin and tissue transglutaminase. A significant correlation was found between the titer of immunoglobulin A antibodies to gliadin and TNF-alpha (rho = -0.57; p = 0.035), CrossLaps (rho = -0.58; p = 0.035), Tscores in the vertebral column and FN (rho = -0.62; p = 0.030) and (rho = -0 37; p = 0.06), respectively. CONCLUSION: The risk for OP in patients with GSCD is affected by menopause and the clinical features of the disease: secondary hyperparathyroidism due to impaired calcium and vitamin D absorption, by the activity of immunological inflammation and the compliance with a gluten-free diet. The immunological activity of inflammation is closely related to the activation of bone resorption and enhances a BMT reduction in patients with celiac disease. The use of vitamin D preparations (alpha-calcidol and calcitriol) in combination with calcium salts lowers BMD in patients with celiac disease just within the first 6 months.},
   keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon
*Bone Density
Celiac Disease/complications/*metabolism
Female
Femur Neck/*diagnostic imaging
Follow-Up Studies
*Glutens
Humans
Incidence
Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Osteoporosis/epidemiology/etiology/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Russia/epidemiology},
   ISSN = {0040-3660 (Print)
0040-3660},
   Accession Number = {20387675},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Alvarez-Jubete, L. and Arendt, E. K. and Gallagher, E.},
   title = {Nutritive value and chemical composition of pseudocereals as gluten-free ingredients},
   journal = {Int J Food Sci Nutr},
   volume = {60 Suppl 4},
   pages = {240-57},
   note = {1465-3478
Alvarez-Jubete, L
Arendt, E K
Gallagher, E
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009;60 Suppl 4:240-57. doi: 10.1080/09637480902950597.},
   abstract = {The only treatment available for patients with coeliac disease is a lifelong elimination of food products containing gluten. The gluten-free products currently available in the market are considered of low quality and poor nutritional value. In the present study, the pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat were studied as potential healthy ingredients for improving the nutritional quality of gluten-free breads. The pseudocereal seeds and pseudocereal-containing gluten-free breads were evaluated in terms of their protein, fat, total starch, dietary fibre, ash and mineral content as well as their fatty acid composition. The pseudocereal containing gluten-free breads showed significantly higher levels of protein, fat, fibre and minerals than the control bread. The attributes of these breads conform to the expert's nutritional recommendations for the gluten-free diet and gluten-free foods. These results suggest that the pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat can represent a healthy alternative to frequently used ingredients in gluten-free products.},
   keywords = {Amaranthus/*chemistry
Bread/*analysis
Chenopodium quinoa/*chemistry
Cooking
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Dietary Fats/analysis
Dietary Fiber/analysis
Dietary Proteins/analysis
Edible Grain/chemistry
Fagopyrum/*chemistry
Fatty Acids/analysis
Food Handling
Functional Food/*analysis
Glutens/*analysis
Minerals/analysis
Nutritive Value
Plant Shoots/chemistry
Seeds/chemistry
Starch/analysis/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0963-7486},
   Accession Number = {19462323},
   DOI = {10.1080/09637480902950597},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Antunes, D. M. and da Costa, J. P. and Campos, S. M. and Paschoal, P. O. and Garrido, V. and Siqueira, M. and Teixeira, G. A. and Cardoso, G. P.},
   title = {The serum D-xylose test as a useful tool to identify malabsorption in rats with antigen specific gut inflammatory reaction},
   journal = {Int J Exp Pathol},
   volume = {90},
   number = {2},
   pages = {141-7},
   note = {1365-2613
Antunes, Danielle Mota Fontes
da Costa, Janilda Pacheco
Campos, Sylvia Maria Nicolau
Paschoal, Patricia Olaya
Garrido, Valeria
Siqueira, Munique
Teixeira, Gerlinde Agate Platais Brasil
Cardoso, Gilberto Perez
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Int J Exp Pathol. 2009 Apr;90(2):141-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00627.x.},
   abstract = {The inappropriate immune response to foods, such as peanut, wheat and milk may be the basis in the pathogenesis of enteropathies like coeliac and Crohn disease, which present small intestinal malabsorption. A number of recent studies have utilized d-xylose absorption as an investigative tool to study small intestinal function in a variety of clinical settings. Thus, the aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the intestinal absorption of D-xylose in an antigen-specific gut inflammatory reaction rat model. Animals of the experimental group were inoculated with peanut protein extract before their exposure to a challenge diet containing exclusively peanut seeds to induce the gut inflammatory reaction caused by peanut allergy. Our results show that systemic inoculation with peanut protein extract renders significantly higher antibody titres (5.085 +/- 0.126 units) (P < 0.0001) than control rats (0.905 +/- 0.053 units) and that the antibody titres correlate positively to an inflammatory alteration of the gut morphology (P < 0.0001). Animals pertaining to the experimental group showed an intestinal absorption of D-xylose lower than control rats (P < 0.0001). We also observed that D-xylose absorption correlates negatively with IgG titres and positively with morphometric parameters (Pearson correlation). In conclusion, the use of serum D-xylose test was useful to identify the presence of small intestinal malabsorption in our antigen specific gut inflammatory reaction rat model.},
   keywords = {Animals
Arachis/immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Duodenum/pathology
Epitopes
Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
Intestinal Absorption
Malabsorption Syndromes/*diagnosis/etiology/immunology/pathology
Male
Peanut Hypersensitivity/*complications/immunology/pathology
Plant Proteins/immunology
Rats
*Xylose/blood},
   ISSN = {0959-9673},
   Accession Number = {19335552},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00627.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Armstrong, M. J. and Robins, G. G. and Howdle, P. D.},
   title = {Recent advances in coeliac disease},
   journal = {Curr Opin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {25},
   number = {2},
   pages = {100-9},
   note = {1531-7056
Armstrong, Matthew J
Robins, Gerry G
Howdle, Peter D
Journal Article
Review
United States
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar;25(2):100-9. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32831ef20d.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Worldwide awareness of coeliac disease in all ages continues to grow. This article aims to summarize critically the recent research advances in coeliac disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Large multicentre studies have provided further evidence of the role of environmental and nonhuman leucocyte antigen genetic factors in coeliac disease. Siblings of coeliac patients carry a high risk, but those found to have negative coeliac serology are very unlikely to develop the disease. Advances in the efficacy of serological antibody testing potentiate the possibility of future accurate screening programmes in the community. Adherence to a gluten-free diet remains paramount as the recognition of coeliac related complications increases. SUMMARY: Despite the encouraging progress that has taken place in our genetic and immunological knowledge of coeliac disease, early introduction of a gluten-free diet remains the cornerstone of treatment. Alternatives, however, aimed at altering the toxicity of cereal proteins are now looking more promising.},
   keywords = {*Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/etiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Fractures, Bone/complications
Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology
HLA Antigens/genetics
Humans
Lymphoma/complications
Risk Factors
Serologic Tests},
   ISSN = {0267-1379},
   Accession Number = {19528877},
   DOI = {10.1097/MOG.0b013e32831ef20d},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ashorn, S. and Valineva, T. and Kaukinen, K. and Ashorn, M. and Braun, J. and Raukola, H. and Rantala, I. and Collin, P. and Maki, M. and Luukkaala, T. and Iltanen, S.},
   title = {Serological responses to microbial antigens in celiac disease patients during a gluten-free diet},
   journal = {J Clin Immunol},
   volume = {29},
   number = {2},
   pages = {190-5},
   note = {1573-2592
Ashorn, Sara
Valineva, Tuuli
Kaukinen, Katri
Ashorn, Merja
Braun, Jonathan
Raukola, Hanna
Rantala, Immo
Collin, Pekka
Maki, Markku
Luukkaala, Tiina
Iltanen, Sari
P01 DK046763/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
P01-DK 46763/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
J Clin Immunol. 2009 Mar;29(2):190-5. doi: 10.1007/s10875-008-9255-7. Epub 2008 Nov 6.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (tTG) are commonly used for screening and diagnosing of celiac disease (CD). Seroreactivity for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) and bacterial antigens have also been detected in CD patients. The aim of this study was to examine prospectively serologic responses to microbial targets in adult CD patients at the time of diagnosis and during a gluten-free diet (GFD). Further, we wanted to evaluate whether these serologic specificities could provide new tools for the follow-up of CD patients. METHODS: Data on 55 adult biopsy-proven CD patients were available for follow-up study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on all patients. Sera from patients were tested for antibodies to tTG and ASCA and additionally analyzed with IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to Pseudomonas fluorescens-associated sequence, I2, and to a Bacteroides caccae TonB-linked outer membrane protein, OmpW. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, 91% of CD cases were positive for tTG and 49% for ASCA; positive seroreactivity to I2 was found in 86% and to OmpW in 60% of CD patients at the time of diagnosis. The frequency of seropositivity and serum levels of these antibodies decreased during GFD. Moreover, we found that the decline in the serum levels was significant in all of these markers (p < 0.005). Interestingly, we also found that serum levels of ASCA correlated with the grade of mucosal morphology (p = 0.021), as the ASCA serum levels declined in accordance with mucosal healing. CONCLUSIONS: Commensal enteric bacteria seem to play a role in the small intestinal mucosal damage in CD. This was proven by the serological responses to different microbial antigens shown in this study. Serum levels of ASCA, anti-I2, and anti-OmpW antibodies decreased significantly during GFD, indicating that these serologic markers are gluten dependent in CD patients. These specificities could provide new tools in the follow-up of CD patients.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood
Antibodies, Fungal/*blood
Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/blood
Bacteroides/immunology
Celiac Disease/*immunology/microbiology/pathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Glutens/immunology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology/pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Pseudomonas fluorescens/immunology
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*immunology
Superantigens/blood
Transglutaminases/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0271-9142},
   Accession Number = {18987962},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10875-008-9255-7},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Assiri, A. M.},
   title = {Isolated short stature as a presentation of celiac disease in Saudi children},
   journal = {Pediatr Rep},
   volume = {2},
   number = {1},
   pages = {e4},
   note = {2036-7503
Assiri, Asaad Mohamed Abdullah
Journal Article
Italy
Pediatr Rep. 2010 Jun 18;2(1):e4. doi: 10.4081/pr.2010.e4.},
   abstract = {The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of isolated short stature as a clinical presentation of celiac disease in Saudi Arab children and whether some of the routine laboratory tests performed to determine the cause of short stature could suggest the diagnosis of celiac disease. A total of 91 children with short stature were included in the study. Extensive endocrine and biochemical assessments, including total protein, serum albumin, calcium phosphate and alkaline phosphatase assays; renal function tests; coagulation profile; anti-endomysial antibodies and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, free-thyroxin (FT4) assays; stool tests for giardiasis; bone age; and endoscopic intestinal biopsies, were done for all children. Ten of the 91 children had positive intestinal biopsies in the form of total villous atrophy, an increase in crypt height, and an increase in intra-epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) numbers up to >40 IEL/100 EC (Type 3C) according to the Oberhuber classification, confirming the diagnosis of celiac disease. Five children had mild villous atrophy according to this classification (Type 3A), and they were considered to have potential celiac disease. Seventy-six children had normal intestinal biopsies. Therefore, the prevalence of celiac disease among Saudi children with short stature was 10.9%, and 4.3% of the children were diagnosed as having potential celiac disease. After confirming the diagnosis of celiac disease, all children were kept on a gluten-free diet and all of them showed improvement in their growth rate. We concluded that celiac disease is a very important cause of short stature in children without gastrointestinal complaints in Saudi Arabia. We highly recommend anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-endomysial antibody screening tests, and a small bowel biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of celiac disease irrespective of the results of the antibody assays, in children with short stature in Saudi Arabia. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, children should be kept on a gluten-free diet so they can catch up their growth early before they develop permanent short stature.},
   keywords = {Saudi
anti-tissue transglutaminase
celiac disease
children.
short stature},
   ISSN = {2036-749x},
   Accession Number = {21589840},
   DOI = {10.4081/pr.2010.e4},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Atikou, A. and Rabhi, M. and Hidani, H. and El Alaoui Faris, M. and Toloune, F.},
   title = {[Celiac crisis with quadriplegia due to potassium depletion as presenting feature of celiac disease]},
   journal = {Rev Med Interne},
   volume = {30},
   number = {6},
   pages = {516-8},
   note = {Atikou, A
Rabhi, M
Hidani, H
El Alaoui Faris, M
Toloune, F
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Rev Med Interne. 2009 Jun;30(6):516-8. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.11.012. Epub 2009 Feb 26.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Adult coeliac disease revealed by coeliac crisis and quadriplegia due to potassium depletion is an extremely rare situation. CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old woman presented with a suddenly developed weakness of all four limbs and a severe diarrhea. Authors emphasize coeliac crisis, which is a presenting feature of coeliac disease, characterized by acute diarrhea with life-threatening acid base and electrolyte abnormalities. The patient improved with correction of hypokalemia and gluten-free diet. CONCLUSION: A severe acute diarrhea with metabolic and systemic complications, the so-called coeliac crisis, is a possible presenting clinical feature of a previously undiagnosed adult celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Acute Disease
Adult
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy
Diarrhea/etiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Hypokalemia/complications/diet therapy/*etiology
Quadriplegia/diet therapy/*etiology},
   ISSN = {0248-8663 (Print)
0248-8663},
   Accession Number = {19249140},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.revmed.2008.11.012},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Auricchio, R. and Granata, V. and Borrelli, M. and Troncone, R.},
   title = {Italian paediatricians' approach to coeliac disease diagnosis},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {49},
   number = {3},
   pages = {374-6},
   note = {1536-4801
Auricchio, Renata
Granata, Viviana
Borrelli, Melissa
Troncone, Riccardo
Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP)
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Sep;49(3):374-6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181940e18.},
   abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the current implementation of the 1990 ESPGHAN criteria for the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) in Italy to form a foundation for their revision. From September 2006 to March 2007 a nationwide questionnaire concerning current diagnostic methods was sent by mail to 54 Italian centres for the diagnosis of CD, which were distributed across the entire national territory. The questionnaire investigated the tests performed, diagnostic criteria currently used, and the management of some special cases in each centre. Eighty percent of the centres use anti-tissue transglutaminase to diagnose CD and anti-endomysium antibodies to confirm the results. Fifty-five percent still use anti-gliadin antibodies. A total of 87.5% of centres perform HLA typing, especially in first-degree relatives and in unclear diagnosis. Regarding histology, 67.5% of centres consider an infiltrative lesion consistent with diagnosis of CD. The majority of centres (85%) use the 1990 ESPGHAN criteria for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, but 80% do not perform a second biopsy in asymptomatic cases or a gluten challenge in children younger than 2 years of age. Furthermore, most centres (72.5%) do not prescribe a gluten-free diet to asymptomatic patients with positive serology and normal bowel architecture (ie, potential cases), but they do program a careful follow-up. In conclusion, ESPGHAN criteria are widely followed by Italian CD centres. However, their revision may be useful, but it should be evidence based. Large, multicentre studies are greatly needed.},
   keywords = {Antibodies/blood
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/blood/*diagnosis
Child
Diet, Gluten-Free
Gliadin/immunology
Humans
Italy
Pediatrics/methods
*Practice Guidelines as Topic
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {19590454},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181940e18},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Aydogdu, S. and Midyat, L. and Cakir, M. and Tumgor, G. and Yuksekkaya, H. A. and Baran, M. and Arikan, C. and Ozgenc, F. and Yagci, R. V.},
   title = {Long-term effect of gluten-free diet on growth velocity in Turkish children with celiac disease},
   journal = {Dig Dis Sci},
   volume = {54},
   number = {10},
   pages = {2183-7},
   note = {1573-2568
Aydogdu, Sema
Midyat, Levent
Cakir, Murat
Tumgor, Gokhan
Yuksekkaya, Hasan Ali
Baran, Masallah
Arikan, Cigdem
Ozgenc, Funda
Yagci, Rasit Vural
Journal Article
United States
Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Oct;54(10):2183-7. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0596-0. Epub 2008 Dec 5.},
   abstract = {We sought to analyze the long-term growth in children with celiac disease (CD) as well as the association of height and weight SD score at the end of 4 years with the demographic and clinical presentation at initial admission. Thirty-four children with CD were enrolled in the study and followed for at least 4 years. Patients were divided into three groups (Group 1: patients <or=5 years old, Group 2: patients 5-10 years old, and Group 3: patients >10 years, at the time of diagnosis). Patients' charts were reviewed for demographic and clinical features at initial admission. Anthropometric measurements at initial admission, at 6th months, and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years were recorded. Gluten-free diet led to rapid increase in weight SD and height SD score in patients <or=5 years old at the time of diagnosis (Group 1). Increment in height SD score was the highest in patients 5-10 years old (Group 2) at the end of 4 years. A negative correlation was found between age at the time of diagnosis and weight and height SD score at the end of 4 years (r = -0.503, P = 0.03 and r = -0.554, P = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that height SD score at the end of the 4 years was associated with age at the time of diagnosis. The other factors had no effect on the weight and height SD score at the end of 4 years. Early diagnosis and good adhesion to a gluten-free diet are essential for long-term growth in CD. Celiac societies and the mass media must expand an effort to educate the community regarding the symptoms of the disease.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Body Height
Body Weight
Celiac Disease/*physiopathology
Child
Child, Preschool
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Growth/*physiology
Humans
Male
Turkey},
   ISSN = {0163-2116},
   Accession Number = {19057999},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10620-008-0596-0},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ball, A. J. and Hadjivassiliou, M. and Sanders, D. S.},
   title = {Is gluten sensitivity a "No Man's Land" or a "Fertile Crescent" for research?},
   journal = {Am J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {105},
   number = {1},
   pages = {222-3; author reply 223-4},
   note = {1572-0241
Ball, Alex J
Hadjivassiliou, Marios
Sanders, David S
Comment
Letter
United States
Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;105(1):222-3; author reply 223-4. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.565.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*etiology/physiopathology
Colonic Diseases, Functional/*complications/epidemiology/physiopathology
Glutens/*adverse effects
Humans
Incidence
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*etiology
Prognosis
Quality of Life
Risk Factors},
   ISSN = {0002-9270},
   Accession Number = {20054311},
   DOI = {10.1038/ajg.2009.565},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Barada, K. and Bitar, A. and Mokadem, M. A. and Hashash, J. G. and Green, P.},
   title = {Celiac disease in Middle Eastern and North African countries: a new burden?},
   journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {16},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1449-57},
   note = {2219-2840
Barada, Kassem
Bitar, Abbas
Mokadem, Mohamad Abdul-Razak
Hashash, Jana Ghazi
Green, Peter
Journal Article
Review
United States
World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Mar 28;16(12):1449-57.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is now recognized as a common disorder among Middle Eastern (ME) and North African (NA) populations. The aim of this review is to assess the available data regarding CD in the ME and NA and to compare this information with that of Western countries. A literature review was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Medline (1950-2008) as search engines, and "celiac disease" was used as a Mesh term. The search was limited to ME and NA countries. The prevalence of CD in ME and NA countries among low risk populations is similar to that of Western countries, but is higher in high risk populations such as those with type 1 diabetes. It is underestimated because of lack of clinical suspicion and lack of patient awareness. Clinical presentations in term of gastrointestinal, hematologic, skeletal, and liver manifestations are similar between both populations except for a high prevalence of short stature in some ME and NA countries. Few studies have addressed atypical or silent CD. As in the West, diagnosis is initially made by serological tests and is confirmed by small intestinal biopsies. Gluten-free diet is the main mode of treatment with a higher apparent adherence rate than in the West. Most disease complications result from malabsorption. The disease is strongly associated with HLA DQ2 and to a lesser extent with HLA DQ8 alleles. In conclusion, CD prevalence is underestimated, with little data available about its malignant complications. Disease parameters in the ME and NA are otherwise similar to those in Western countries.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Africa, Northern/epidemiology
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/*epidemiology/etiology
Child
*Developing Countries
Diet, Gluten-Free
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Middle East/epidemiology
Predictive Value of Tests
Prevalence
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1007-9327},
   Accession Number = {20333784},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Barbato, M. and Curione, M. and Amato, S. and Carbone, J. and Briani, C. and Pannone, V. and Maiella, G. and Di Camillo, C. and Panetti, D. and Cucchiara, S.},
   title = {Autonomic imbalance in celiac children},
   journal = {Minerva Pediatr},
   volume = {62},
   number = {4},
   pages = {333-8},
   note = {Barbato, M
Curione, M
Amato, S
Carbone, J
Briani, C
Pannone, V
Maiella, G
Di Camillo, C
Panetti, D
Cucchiara, S
Journal Article
Italy
Minerva Pediatr. 2010 Aug;62(4):333-8.},
   abstract = {AIM: Involvement of many organs and apparatus such as heart, central and peripheral nervous systems have been reported in celiac disease. Autonomic neuropathy has frequently been reported both in untreated and in gluten free diet (GFD) adult patients and, to our knowledge, has never been investigated in celiac children. The aim of the study was to evaluate autonomic function in children with celiac disease. METHODS: Fifteen children with untreated celiac disease were enrolled. Fifteen healthy children served as controls. None of the patients was diabetic. Central or peripheral neurological diseases, were absent. In all participants, at recruitment and after 24 months of GFD, serum anti-tTG and AEA levels, inflammatory markers, IgG, IgM and IgA anti-ganglioside antibodies, were performed. Heart rate variability indexes were employed to evaluate autonomic system balance. RESULTS: Our results indicate that also children with celiac disease may exhibit an imbalance of the neurovegetative system with a prevailing sympathetic tone, persisting on a GFD. All presented symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, vomiting, meteorism, regurgitation in whom autonomic dysfunction could be involved, but these symptoms disappeared on gluten free diet. This tend to exclude the prevailing sympathetic tone as a main factor underlying symptoms of celiac disease. CONCLUSION: Children affected by celiac disease exhibit an enhanced sympathetic tone, persisting after 24 months of GFD whereas gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms disappear. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon still remains unclear.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/etiology
Adolescent
Autoantibodies/blood
Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology
Biomarkers/blood
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/blood/complications/diet therapy/pathology/*physiopathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Constipation/etiology
Diarrhea/etiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
*Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiopathology
Transglutaminases/blood
Vomiting/etiology},
   ISSN = {0026-4946 (Print)
0026-4946},
   Accession Number = {20940666},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bas, A. and Forsberg, G. and Sjoberg, V. and Hammarstrom, S. and Hernell, O. and Hammarstrom, M. L.},
   title = {Aberrant extrathymic T cell receptor gene rearrangement in the small intestinal mucosa: a risk factor for coeliac disease?},
   journal = {Gut},
   volume = {58},
   number = {2},
   pages = {189-95},
   note = {1468-3288
Bas, A
Forsberg, G
Sjoberg, V
Hammarstrom, S
Hernell, O
Hammarstrom, M-L
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Gut. 2009 Feb;58(2):189-95. doi: 10.1136/gut.2007.125526. Epub 2008 Feb 25.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is a small intestine enteropathy caused by permanent intolerance to wheat gluten. Gluten intake by patients with coeliac disease provokes a strong reaction by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which normalises on a gluten-free diet. AIM: To investigate whether impaired extrathymic T cell maturation and/or secondary T cell receptor (TCR) gene recombination in IELs are features of coeliac disease which could contribute to the failure of establishing tolerance to gluten. METHODS: Expression levels of the four splice-forms of recombination activating gene-1 (RAG1) mRNA and preT alpha-chain (preTalpha) mRNA were determined in IEL-subsets of children with coeliac disease and controls. Frequencies of RAG1 expressing IELs were determined by immunomorphometry. RESULTS: In controls, the RAG1-1A/2 splice-form selectively expressed outside the thymus, was dominant and expressed in both mature (TCR(+)) and immature (CD2(+)CD7(+)TCR(-)) IELs ( approximately 8 mRNA copies/18S rRNA U). PreTalpha was expressed almost exclusively in CD2(+)CD7(+)TCR(-) IELs ( approximately 40 mRNA copies/18S rRNA U). By contrast, RAG1 and preTalpha mRNA levels were low in patients with coeliac disease compared to controls, both with active disease and with inactive, symptom-free disease on a gluten-free diet (p values <0.01 for mature and <0.05 for immature IELs). Similarly, the frequencies of RAG1+ IELs were significantly lower in patients with coeliac disease compared to controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with coeliac disease appear to have an impaired capacity for extrathymic TCR gene rearrangement. This is an inherent feature, which probably plays a pivotal role in the failure to efficiently downregulate the T cell response to gluten.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Alternative Splicing
Analysis of Variance
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*genetics/*immunology
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
*Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
Genes, RAG-1
Humans
Infant
Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology
*Intestine, Small
Male
Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
RNA, Messenger/analysis
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
Risk Factors
T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0017-5749},
   Accession Number = {18299319},
   DOI = {10.1136/gut.2007.125526},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bas, F. and Kabatas-Eryilmaz, S. and Gunoz, H. and Darendeliler, F. and Kucukemre, B. and Bundak, R. and Saka, N.},
   title = {Type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease and familial Mediterranean fever: case report},
   journal = {Turk J Pediatr},
   volume = {51},
   number = {2},
   pages = {183-6},
   note = {Bas, Firdevs
Kabatas-Eryilmaz, Sema
Gunoz, Hulya
Darendeliler, Feyza
Kucukemre, Banu
Bundak, Ruveyde
Saka, Nurcin
Case Reports
Journal Article
Turkey
Turk J Pediatr. 2009 Mar-Apr;51(2):183-6.},
   abstract = {It is known that type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) may be associated with other autoimmune diseases. Recently, a patient with an association of type 1 DM and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) was reported in the medical literature. A 10.5-year-old boy was brought to our clinic with complaints of polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss and was diagnosed as diabetic ketoacidosis due to autoimmune type 1 DM. Insulin therapy was started. Elevated thyroid antibodies associated with diffuse goiter and hypothyroidism led to the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), and elevated antiendomysial antibodies and abnormal intestinal biopsy findings led to the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). L-thyroxine therapy and gluten-free diet were initiated accordingly. At the third-year of follow-up, acute attacks of fever, abdominal pain and chest pain developed. Laboratory investigations, which were normal between the attacks, revealed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, white blood cell count and pleural effusion on chest X-ray during the attacks. Molecular analysis for FMF revealed compound heterozygous M694I and V726A. The patient responded well to colchicine therapy started at a dose of 1.5 mg/day. We present the second patient with type 1 DM associated with FMF who also had ATD and CD.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/diet therapy
Child
Colchicine/therapeutic use
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Familial Mediterranean Fever/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy
Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use
Humans
Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
Insulin/therapeutic use
Male
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy
Thyroxine/*therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {0041-4301 (Print)
0041-4301},
   Accession Number = {19480334},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Basavaraju, K. P. and Rahman, N. and Neal, D. A.},
   title = {Is an atypical presentation becoming typical of coeliac disease?},
   journal = {BMJ Case Rep},
   volume = {2009},
   note = {1757-790x
Basavaraju, Krishna Prakash
Rahman, Nadeem
Neal, David A J
Journal Article
England
BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009. pii: bcr06.2008.0169. doi: 10.1136/bcr.06.2008.0169. Epub 2009 Feb 2.},
   abstract = {A 38-year-old woman was referred to a gastroenterology clinic for investigation of abnormal liver function test (LFT). She had no history of pre-existing liver disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, excess alcohol consumption or use of any hepatotoxic drugs. She was being investigated and treated by oral surgeons for recurrent mouth ulcers which she had for about 18 months. She had been seen by the rheumatology team for pain and early morning stiffness affecting the peripheral small joints. Clinical examination was unremarkable apart from the presence of an increased body mass index of 36 kg/m(2). Her haematological and biochemical profile including liver screen did not reveal any abnormalities. Her anti-endomyseal antibody and duodenal biopsies were consistent with the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Her LFT returned to normal within 3 months of starting on a gluten-free diet and remained normal over the next 12 months. She also remained free of mouth ulcers during this period.},
   ISSN = {1757-790x},
   Accession Number = {21686909},
   DOI = {10.1136/bcr.06.2008.0169},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Basso, D. and Guariso, G. and Fogar, P. and Meneghel, A. and Zambon, C. F. and Navaglia, F. and Greco, E. and Schiavon, S. and Rugge, M. and Plebani, M.},
   title = {Antibodies against synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides for celiac disease diagnosis and follow-up in children},
   journal = {Clin Chem},
   volume = {55},
   number = {1},
   pages = {150-7},
   note = {1530-8561
Basso, Daniela
Guariso, Graziella
Fogar, Paola
Meneghel, Alessandra
Zambon, Carlo-Federico
Navaglia, Filippo
Greco, Eliana
Schiavon, Stefania
Rugge, Massimo
Plebani, Mario
Journal Article
United States
Clin Chem. 2009 Jan;55(1):150-7. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.110395. Epub 2008 Nov 6.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: AGA IgA II and AGA IgG II have recently been suggested as reliable tools for celiac disease (CD) diagnosis. We compared their utility for diagnosis and monitoring CD in children with that of tTG IgA, an established CD marker. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 161 CD and 129 control children in whom CD was histologically confirmed or ruled out. We followed 37 children with CD on a gluten-free diet for 12-84 months. In fasting sera, we measured AGA IgA II, AGA IgG II, and tTG IgA using ELISAs. RESULTS: The best sensitivity (92.5%), specificity (97.6%), positive predictive value (98%), and negative predictive value (91.2%) were obtained using tTG IgA. AGA IgG II correctly identified 3 of 3 children with CD with total IgA deficiency who had negative AGA IgA II and tTG IgA results. In children <2 years old without total IgA deficiency, AGA IgG II and tTG IgA performed equally well (sensitivity 96.4% and specificity 100%). AGA IgA II, AGA IgG II, and tTG IgA concentrations diminished significantly (P < 0.0001) after 1 year of a gluten-free diet, reaching values below the cutoff in 87%, 70%, and 51% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The best available index for diagnosing CD in children was tTG IgA. In infants <2 years old, AGA IgG II performed as well as tTG IgA in cases without total IgA deficiency and allowed detection of CD when total IgA was <0.06 g/L. Gluten-free diet monitoring can be achieved using any of the studied serum markers.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Antibodies/*blood/immunology
Biomarkers/blood
Celiac Disease/*blood/*diagnosis/immunology
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gliadin/*blood/immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood/immunology
Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology
Infant
Male
Peptides/*blood/immunology
Reproducibility of Results
Retrospective Studies
Sensitivity and Specificity},
   ISSN = {0009-9147},
   Accession Number = {18988751},
   DOI = {10.1373/clinchem.2008.110395},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bazzigaluppi, E. and Parma, B. and Tronconi, G. M. and Corsin, P. and Albarello, L. and Mora, S. and Barera, G.},
   title = {IgA anti-actin antibodies in children with celiac disease: comparison of immunofluorescence with Elisa assay in predicting severe intestinal damage},
   journal = {Ital J Pediatr},
   volume = {36},
   pages = {25},
   note = {1824-7288
Bazzigaluppi, Elena
Parma, Barbara
Tronconi, Giulia M
Corsin, Patrizia
Albarello, Luca
Mora, Stefano
Barera, Graziano
Comparative Study
Journal Article
England
Ital J Pediatr. 2010 Mar 18;36:25. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-36-25.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of serum IgA antibodies against actin filaments (AAA) in patients with celiac disease (CD) is strongly associated with mucosal damage and severe degrees of villous atrophy.The aims of the present study were (1) to verify the effectiveness of IgA-AAA in newly diagnosed CD patients in a clinical setting (2) to compare the immunofluorescence assay with ELISA assay; (3) to compare the correlation of our IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG-Ab) class with mucosal intestinal lesions. METHODS: 90 patients underwent endoscopy and multiple biopsies for suspected CD on the basis of symptoms, in presence of positive tTG-Ab tests. Twenty biopsied and 25 not-biopsied subjects with negative tTG-Ab were tested as control groups. IgA-AAA assays were performed by indirect immunofluorescence using rat epithelial intestinal cells, and by ELISA with a commercial kit. tTG-Ab assay was a radio-binding assay. Intestinal specimens were collected by upper endoscopy and the histological study was done according to the Marsh's classification modified by Oberhuber (M/O). Auto-antibodies assays and histological evaluation have been performed blindly by skilled operators. RESULTS: CD diagnosis was confirmed in 82 patients (type I M/O in 2 patients, IIIA in 18 patients, IIIB in 29 patients and IIIC in 33 patients). Two patients with type 1 lesion in presence of positive tTG-Ab and abdominal complaints, started a gluten free diet. The rate of IgA-AAA positivity (sensitivity) by IFI and ELISA in histologically proven celiac disease patients, were 5.5% and 25% patients in IIIA, 27.5% and 34.4% patients in IIIB, 78.8% and 75% in IIIC patients, respectively.Patients with normal or nearly normal mucosa, regardless of tTG-Ab status, presented negative IgA-AAA IFI assay. On the other hand, 1 patient with normal mucosa but positive tTG-Ab, also presented positive IgA-AAA ELISA. All healthy non biopsied controls had negative IgA-AAA. tTG-Ab serum concentration was significantly correlated with more severe intestinal lesion (IIIB, IIIC M/O). CONCLUSIONS: IgA-AAA may be undetectable in presence of severe mucosal damage. Histology is still necessary to diagnose celiac disease and IgA-AAA cannot be included in usual screening tests, because it has little to offer if compared to the well-established tTG-Ab.IgA-AAA could be an adjunctive, very useful tool to support the diagnosis of CD in case of suboptimal histology, when the biopsy is to be avoided for clinical reasons, or in case of negative parents' consensus.},
   keywords = {Actins/*immunology
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*analysis
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*immunology/pathology
Child
Disease Progression
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
Female
Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*immunology
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology
Intestine, Small/*pathology
Male
Predictive Value of Tests},
   ISSN = {1720-8424},
   Accession Number = {20298549},
   DOI = {10.1186/1824-7288-36-25},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bellini, A. and Zanchi, C. and Martelossi, S. and Di Leo, G. and Not, T. and Ventura, A.},
   title = {Compliance with the gluten-free diet: the role of locus of control in celiac disease},
   journal = {J Pediatr},
   volume = {158},
   number = {3},
   pages = {463-466.e5},
   note = {1097-6833
Bellini, Anna
Zanchi, Chiara
Martelossi, Stefano
Di Leo, Grazia
Not, Tarcisio
Ventura, Alessandro
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pediatr. 2011 Mar;158(3):463-466.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.08.034. Epub 2010 Sep 26.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To verify whether subjects with celiac disease (CD) have a different locus of control (LoC) compared with healthy subjects, and to evaluate the relationship between LoC and compliance with a prescribed gluten-free diet (GFD) and quality of life (QoL). STUDY DESIGN: We studied 156 subjects on a GFD (mean age, 10 years) and 353 healthy controls (mean age, 12 years). All subjects completed tests on the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale; the subjects with CD also completed a questionnaire to measure compliance with dietary treatment and the disease's impact on QoL. RESULTS: There was no difference in LoC values between patients with CD and controls. Subjects with CD with good dietary compliance had a more internal LoC compared with those who were not compliant (P = .01). Patients who reported a satisfactory QoL had a more internal LoC compared with those who reported negative affects on QoL due to CD (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the usefulness of the LoC concept for identifying those patients who might be at risk for dietary transgression. Given the enhanced, psychological, and social well being that can result from adherence to a GFD, educational and psychological support can help internalize the LoC in those patients at risk for dietary transgression.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Age Factors
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy
Child
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
*Internal-External Control
Italy
Male
Patient Compliance/*psychology
*Quality of Life},
   ISSN = {0022-3476},
   Accession Number = {20870245},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.08.034},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ben Hriz, F. and Habbassi, H. and Maamouri, N. and Azaiez, O. and Chaabouni, H. and Chouaib, S. and Mnif, E. and Ben Mami, N.},
   title = {[Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with celiac disease]},
   journal = {Rev Med Interne},
   volume = {31},
   number = {2},
   pages = {160-2},
   note = {1768-3122
Ben Hriz, F
Habbassi, H
Maamouri, N
Azaiez, O
Chaabouni, H
Chouaib, S
Mnif, E
Ben Mami, N
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Rev Med Interne. 2010 Feb;31(2):160-2. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.12.016. Epub 2009 Dec 31.},
   abstract = {The association of Budd-Chiari syndrome and celiac disease is rare and has been reported in only 13 cases. We report a 23-year-old man with celiac disease, treated with gluten-free diet since the age of 16 years. He presented with epigastric pain that was secondary to a Budd-Chiari syndrome. No other cause than celiac disease could be identified.},
   keywords = {Budd-Chiari Syndrome/epidemiology/*etiology/surgery
Celiac Disease/*complications/diet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans
Male
Protein C/metabolism
Protein S/metabolism
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0248-8663},
   Accession Number = {20045226},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.revmed.2008.12.016},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ben Mami, F. and Ben Ammar, I. and El Felah, B. and Achour, A.},
   title = {[Association of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: features of this double pathology]},
   journal = {Tunis Med},
   volume = {88},
   number = {1},
   pages = {18-22},
   note = {Ben Mami, Faika
Ben Ammar, Ines
El Felah, Basma
Achour, Ahmed
English Abstract
Journal Article
Tunisia
Tunis Med. 2010 Jan;88(1):18-22.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: the association of diabetes type 1 and celiac disease seems to pose many problems diagnostic, therapeutic and psychological. Aim of our work is to study in eight patients with type 1 diabetes associated with celiac disease their daily experience and the constraints that this pathological association imposes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved eight patients with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease known for at least 1 year. All patients were given a thorough interrogation specifying the regular monitoring of the two diseases and the quality of the observance of the diabetic dietary and gluten-free diet, as well as an assessment of impact of diabetes. RESULTS: the caloric intake in relation to the recommendations is very insufficient. Taking snack is not respected. There is also the consumption of certain foods containing gluten masked and regular consumption of sucrose by our patients despite a long-term evolution of diabetes (19 +/- 6 years) and celiac disease (11 +/- 7.8 years). Half of patients have degenerative complications of diabetes. CONCLUSION: In light of these results, a frequent evaluation of nutrition education in these patients and a psychological care seems necessary.},
   keywords = {Adult
Autoantibodies/blood
Biomarkers/blood
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/*diet therapy/immunology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*complications/diagnosis/*diet therapy/immunology
*Diet, Gluten-Free/methods
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Monitoring, Physiologic
Nutrition Surveys
*Patient Compliance
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Quality of Life
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0041-4131 (Print)
0041-4131},
   Accession Number = {20415208},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bernini, P. and Bertini, I. and Calabro, A. and la Marca, G. and Lami, G. and Luchinat, C. and Renzi, D. and Tenori, L.},
   title = {Are patients with potential celiac disease really potential? The answer of metabonomics},
   journal = {J Proteome Res},
   volume = {10},
   number = {2},
   pages = {714-21},
   note = {1535-3907
Bernini, Patrizia
Bertini, Ivano
Calabro, Antonio
la Marca, Giancarlo
Lami, Gabriele
Luchinat, Claudio
Renzi, Daniela
Tenori, Leonardo
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Proteome Res. 2011 Feb 4;10(2):714-21. doi: 10.1021/pr100896s. Epub 2010 Dec 13.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by a permanent sensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Accurate diagnosis of CD at an early stage and its treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD) are important for optimum treatment and prognosis. Recently, by employing a noninvasive metabonomic approach, we have shown that CD has a well-defined metabonomic signature. Here we address potential CD patients, defined as subjects who do not have, and have never had, a jejunal biopsy consistent with clear CD, and yet have immunological abnormalities similar to those found in celiac patients. Sixty-one overt CD patients at diagnosis, 29 patients with potential CD, and 51 control subjects were examined by (1)H NMR of their serum and urine: out of 29 potential CD patients, 24 were classified as CD and 5 as control subjects. Potential CD largely shares the metabonomic signature of overt CD. Most metabolites found to be significantly different between control and CD subjects were also altered in potential CD. Our results demonstrate that metabolic alterations may precede the development of small intestinal villous atrophy and provide a further rationale for early institution of GFD in patients with potential CD, as recently suggested by prospective clinical studies.},
   keywords = {Adult
Algorithms
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/blood/diagnosis/*metabolism/urine
Citrulline/blood
Cluster Analysis
Female
Humans
Male
Metabolomics/*methods
Middle Aged
Models, Statistical
Molecular Imaging
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
Reproducibility of Results},
   ISSN = {1535-3893},
   Accession Number = {21090607},
   DOI = {10.1021/pr100896s},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bertini, I. and Calabro, A. and De Carli, V. and Luchinat, C. and Nepi, S. and Porfirio, B. and Renzi, D. and Saccenti, E. and Tenori, L.},
   title = {The metabonomic signature of celiac disease},
   journal = {J Proteome Res},
   volume = {8},
   number = {1},
   pages = {170-7},
   note = {Bertini, Ivano
Calabro, Antonio
De Carli, Valeria
Luchinat, Claudio
Nepi, Stefano
Porfirio, Berardino
Renzi, Daniela
Saccenti, Edoardo
Tenori, Leonardo
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Proteome Res. 2009 Jan;8(1):170-7. doi: 10.1021/pr800548z.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial disorder involving genetic and environmental factors, thus, having great potential impact on metabolism. This study aims at defining the metabolic signature of CD through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of urine and serum samples of CD patients. Thirty-four CD patients at diagnosis and 34 healthy controls were examined by (1)H NMR of their serum and urine. A CD patients' subgroup was also examined after a gluten-free diet (GFD). Projection to Latent Structures provided data reduction and clustering, and Support Vector Machines provided pattern recognition and classification. The classification accuracy of CD and healthy control groups was 79.7-83.4% for serum and 69.3% for urine. Sera of CD patients were characterized by lower levels (P < 0.01) of several metabolites such as amino acids, lipids, pyruvate and choline, and by higher levels of glucose and 3-hydroxybutyric acid, while urines showed altered levels (P < 0.05) of, among others, indoxyl sulfate, meta-[hydroxyphenyl]propionic acid and phenylacetylglycine. After 12 months of GFD, all but one of the patients were classified as healthy by the same statistical analysis. NMR thus reveals a characteristic metabolic signature of celiac disease. Altered serum levels of glucose and ketonic bodies suggest alterations of energy metabolism, while the urine data point to alterations of gut microbiota. Metabolomics may thus provide further hints on the biochemistry of the disease.},
   keywords = {Adult
Autoantibodies/chemistry
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*metabolism/*urine
Energy Metabolism
Female
HLA Antigens/metabolism
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism/microbiology
Intestines/*metabolism/microbiology
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Male
Metabolomics/*methods
Models, Statistical
Proteomics/*methods},
   ISSN = {1535-3893 (Print)
1535-3893},
   Accession Number = {19072164},
   DOI = {10.1021/pr800548z},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bethune, M. T. and Siegel, M. and Howles-Banerji, S. and Khosla, C.},
   title = {Interferon-gamma released by gluten-stimulated celiac disease-specific intestinal T cells enhances the transepithelial flux of gluten peptides},
   journal = {J Pharmacol Exp Ther},
   volume = {329},
   number = {2},
   pages = {657-68},
   note = {1521-0103
Bethune, Michael T
Siegel, Matthew
Howles-Banerji, Samuel
Khosla, Chaitan
R01-DK063158/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
T32-GM007276/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 May;329(2):657-68. doi: 10.1124/jpet.108.148007. Epub 2009 Feb 13.},
   abstract = {Celiac sprue is a T-cell-mediated enteropathy elicited in genetically susceptible individuals by dietary gluten proteins. To initiate and propagate inflammation, proteolytically resistant gluten peptides must be translocated across the small intestinal epithelium and presented to DQ2-restricted T cells, but the effectors enabling this translocation under normal and inflammatory conditions are not well understood. We demonstrate that a fluorescently labeled antigenic 33-mer gluten peptide is translocated intact across a T84 cultured epithelial cell monolayer and that preincubation of the monolayer with media from gluten-stimulated, celiac patient-derived intestinal T cells enhances the apical-to-basolateral flux of this peptide in a dose-dependent, saturable manner. The permeability-enhancing activity of activated T-cell media is inhibited by blocking antibodies against either interferon-gamma or its receptor and is recapitulated using recombinant interferon-gamma. At saturating levels of interferon-gamma, activated T-cell media does not further increase transepithelial peptide flux, indicating the primacy of interferon-gamma as an effector of increased epithelial permeability during inflammation. Reducing the assay temperature to 4 degrees C reverses the effect of interferon-gamma but does not reduce basal peptide flux occurring in the absence of interferon-gamma, suggesting active transcellular transport of intact peptides is increased during inflammation. A panel of disease-relevant gluten peptides exhibited an inverse correlation between size and transepithelial flux but no apparent sequence constraints. Anti-interferon-gamma therapy may mitigate the vicious cycle of gluten-induced interferon-gamma secretion and interferon-gamma-mediated enhancement of gluten peptide flux but is unlikely to prevent translocation of gluten peptides in the absence of inflammatory conditions.},
   keywords = {Biological Transport
Blotting, Western
Celiac Disease/*immunology/metabolism
Cell Line
Epithelial Cells/drug effects/immunology/metabolism
Glutens/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
Humans
Interferon-gamma/immunology/*secretion
Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism
Peptide Fragments/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
Permeability
T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0022-3565},
   Accession Number = {19218531},
   DOI = {10.1124/jpet.108.148007},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Beyan, E. and Pamukcuoglu, M. and Beyan, C.},
   title = {Deep vein thrombosis associated with celiac disease},
   journal = {Bratisl Lek Listy},
   volume = {110},
   number = {4},
   pages = {263-4},
   note = {Beyan, Esin
Pamukcuoglu, Merve
Beyan, Cengiz
Case Reports
Journal Article
Slovakia
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2009;110(4):263-4.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cases of venous thrombosis associated with celiac disease have been rarely published. We report a case of celiac disease associated with deep venous thrombosis in the left leg. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 44-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to diarrhea, which was present for three months. The diarrhea was present 5-6 times a day and was neither mucous nor bloody. Microscopic examination of feces was normal. No pathogenic microorganisms were isolated in culture. Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy showed bulbar and post-bulbar mucosal granularity. Jejunal biopsy revealed flattening of mucosa and cellular infiltration of lamina propria with plasma cells and lymphocytes. The IgA anti-gliadin antibodies and IgA anti-endomisium antibodies were positive. The diagnosis of celiac disease was made and gluten-free diet was started. On the seventh day of hospitalization, a marked swelling, erythema and pain developed in the left leg. Doppler ultrasonographic examination revealed an acute thrombotic process in the left proximal venous system. Investigations for the causes of thrombotic status were negative. The long term outcome is favorable with gluten-free diet and warfarin treatment. DISCUSSION: It should be kept in mind that there is a tendency toward thromboembolic events in patients with celiac disease, especially during an acute phase of the disease (Ref. 5). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis
Humans
Male
Venous Thrombosis/*complications},
   ISSN = {0006-9248 (Print)
0006-9248},
   Accession Number = {19507658},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Biagi, F. and Andrealli, A. and Bianchi, P. I. and Marchese, A. and Klersy, C. and Corazza, G. R.},
   title = {A gluten-free diet score to evaluate dietary compliance in patients with coeliac disease},
   journal = {Br J Nutr},
   volume = {102},
   number = {6},
   pages = {882-7},
   note = {1475-2662
Biagi, Federico
Andrealli, Alida
Bianchi, Paola Ilaria
Marchese, Alessandra
Klersy, Catherine
Corazza, Gino Roberto
Journal Article
Validation Studies
England
Br J Nutr. 2009 Sep;102(6):882-7. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509301579. Epub 2009 Mar 31.},
   abstract = {A dietary interview performed by expert personnel is considered to be the most appropriate tool to check whether patients with coeliac disease follow a strict gluten-free diet. However, we currently have no straightforward and non-subjective method for performing such a dietary interview. We therefore developed a fast questionnaire based on four simple questions with a five-level score (0-IV). To verify whether our questionnaire is an efficient tool, we applied it to 168 coeliac patients (126 females and 42 males; mean age 42.4 (SD 12.9) years) on a gluten-free diet (median 82, 25th-75th percentile 50-108, range 15-389 months). The score we obtained was compared with the persistence of both villous atrophy and endomysial antibodies while on a gluten-free diet. A comparison with survival of the patients was also performed. Patients were interviewed over the phone by non-expert personnel. The questionnaire was completed in less than 1 min. The lowest results were significantly more frequent among the patients with a persistence of both villous atrophy and positive endomysial antibodies. Death risk was also significantly correlated with the lowest score results. We conclude that our questionnaire is a reliable and simple method of verifying compliance with a gluten-free diet.},
   keywords = {Adult
Atrophy
Autoantibodies/blood
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/immunology/pathology
Diet, Gluten-Free/*psychology
Duodenum/pathology
Epidemiologic Methods
Female
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Striated/immunology
*Patient Compliance
*Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0007-1145},
   Accession Number = {19331704},
   DOI = {10.1017/s0007114509301579},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Biagi, F. and Corazza, G. R.},
   title = {Mortality in celiac disease},
   journal = {Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {7},
   number = {3},
   pages = {158-62},
   note = {1759-5053
Biagi, Federico
Corazza, Gino R
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Review
England
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Mar;7(3):158-62. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.2. Epub 2010 Feb 2.},
   abstract = {Although the prevalence rates of celiac disease tend to be very similar in different Western populations, mortality rates for this disease vary widely. In this Review we focus on the papers that have addressed this issue so far. We evaluated mortality rates in different forms of celiac disease, such as symptomatic celiac disease, unrecognized celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and refractory celiac disease. We also evaluated the role of possible protective factors, such as adherence to a gluten-free diet, early diagnosis and severity of clinical presentation. Finally, we noticed that the mortality rate for celiac disease seems to be higher in Southern than in Northern Europe and seems to correlate with 'national' gluten consumption. To explain these differences, we propose a hypothesis that links mortality rates to the amount of gluten consumed not only after but also before the diagnosis of celiac disease.},
   keywords = {*Cause of Death
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/*mortality
Diet, Gluten-Free
Disease Progression
Early Diagnosis
Female
Glutens/metabolism
Humans
Male
Monitoring, Physiologic/methods
Prognosis
Risk Assessment
Severity of Illness Index
Survival Rate},
   ISSN = {1759-5045},
   Accession Number = {20125093},
   DOI = {10.1038/nrgastro.2010.2},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bilgicli, N.},
   title = {Enrichment of gluten-free tarhana with buckwheat flour},
   journal = {Int J Food Sci Nutr},
   volume = {60 Suppl 4},
   pages = {1-8},
   note = {1465-3478
Bilgicli, Nermin
Comparative Study
Journal Article
England
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009;60 Suppl 4:1-8. doi: 10.1080/09637480802112546.},
   abstract = {Tarhana, a traditional fermented cereal food in Turkey, is mainly prepared with wheat flour and yoghurt. Buckwheat is a major ingredient in the daily diet of the celiac patients due to its gluten-free composition. In this research, gluten-free tarhana samples were prepared with buckwheat flour (BWF), rice flour and corn starch. Control tarhana was made of wheat flour. In gluten-free formulations, instead of wheat flour, 40% BWF, 30% rice flour and 30% corn starch in the first formulation and 60% BWF, 20% rice flour and 20% corn starch in the second formulation were handled. BWF substitution at a 60% level increased the ash and fat contents of tarhana samples, but affected the lightness value of the samples negatively. Potassium, magnesium and phosphorus contents of the gluten-free tarhana increased significantly (P <0.05) with increasing amount of BWF in the formulation. Sensory evaluation showed that BWF addition resulted in changes in consistency, taste, sourness and grittiness. Tarhana containing 40% BWF received the highest taste and overall acceptability scores.},
   keywords = {Adult
Color
Cooking/methods
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Edible Grain/*chemistry
Fagopyrum/*chemistry
Fermentation
Flour/*analysis
Food, Fortified/*analysis
Foods, Specialized/*analysis
Glutens/*analysis
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Middle Aged
Oryza/chemistry
Seeds/chemistry
Sensation
Starch},
   ISSN = {0963-7486},
   Accession Number = {19391028},
   DOI = {10.1080/09637480802112546},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bindi, M. and Moruzzo, D. and Pinelli, M. and Rosada, J. and Castiglioni, M.},
   title = {[Celiac disease and myelodysplastic syndrome. A case report]},
   journal = {Recenti Prog Med},
   volume = {101},
   number = {4},
   pages = {157-8},
   note = {Bindi, Massimo
Moruzzo, Daniela
Pinelli, Massimiliano
Rosada, Javier
Castiglioni, Maido
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
Italy
Recenti Prog Med. 2010 Apr;101(4):157-8.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder induced by the intake of gluten proteins involving primarily the gastrointestinal tract. Myelodysplastic syndromes are clonal hematologic disorders, expanded from myeloid stem cells of uncertain pathogenesis. Anaemia is a common finding in patients with celiac disease. Frequently it is secondary to malabsorption of iron, folic acid or vitamin B12 and usually disappears completely with a strict adherence to a gluten-free diet and supplement of deficient factors. To the best of our knowledge, in medical literature only two cases of myelodysplastic syndrome associated with celiac disease have been described. Here we describe the case of a patient affected by adult celiac disease who went into remission following a gluten free diet. Later a macrocytic anaemia without vitamin B12 or folate deficiency appeared. Hematologic tests showed findings consistent with refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts. The association of celiac disease with myelodysplastic syndromes seems not to be casual. It raises the hypothesis of a primitive immunological disorder in both diseases.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Myelodysplastic Syndromes/*complications},
   ISSN = {0034-1193 (Print)
0034-1193},
   Accession Number = {20540400},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Biyikli, N. K. and Gokce, I. and Cakalagoglu, F. and Arbak, S. and Alpay, H.},
   title = {The co-existence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1 and coeliac disease: a case report},
   journal = {Pediatr Nephrol},
   volume = {24},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1247-50},
   note = {1432-198x
Biyikli, Nese Karaaslan
Gokce, Ibrahim
Cakalagoglu, Fulya
Arbak, Serap
Alpay, Harika
Case Reports
Journal Article
Germany
Pediatr Nephrol. 2009 Jun;24(6):1247-50. doi: 10.1007/s00467-009-1118-9. Epub 2009 Jan 31.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy characterised by chronic inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa and the presence of typical autoantibodies. Coeliac disease may be a risk factor for renal disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is reported in the majority of these cases. Only one adult patient had been reported with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and coeliac disease. Here, we report a case in a 12-year-old girl with coeliac disease who presented with severe anaemia and later developed nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy of the patient was consistent with MPGN type 1, which has not been previously reported in children with coeliac disease. A gluten-free diet was started. After 6 months of this diet, her nephrotic syndrome resolved completely. This case is presented to draw attention to the rare association of coeliac disease and MPGN type 1.},
   keywords = {Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*complications/immunology/*pathology
Child
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Fluoresceins/metabolism
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
Follow-Up Studies
Glomerular Mesangium/immunology/pathology/ultrastructure
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/*complications/*pathology
Humans
Immunoglobulin G/immunology/metabolism
Kidney/surgery
Nephrotic Syndrome/*complications/pathology
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0931-041x},
   Accession Number = {19184116},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00467-009-1118-9},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Blazina, S. and Bratanic, N. and Campa, A. S. and Blagus, R. and Orel, R.},
   title = {Bone mineral density and importance of strict gluten-free diet in children and adolescents with celiac disease},
   journal = {Bone},
   volume = {47},
   number = {3},
   pages = {598-603},
   note = {1873-2763
Blazina, Stefan
Bratanic, Nevenka
Campa, Andreja Sirca
Blagus, Rok
Orel, Rok
Journal Article
United States
Bone. 2010 Sep;47(3):598-603. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.06.008. Epub 2010 Jun 19.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is common in children and adolescents with celiac disease. Strict gluten-free diet (GFD) improves bone mineralization, even in 1 year. The effect of occasional gluten intake is not known. The aims of this study were to compare BMD and prevalence of low BMD in children and adolescents on strict and not strict GFD. METHODS: We measured BMD in 55 children and adolescents (strict GFD) with negative endomysium antibodies (EMA) in the last 2 years and in 19 (not strict GFD) with positive EMA at the time of the study. Lumbar, left hip and total body BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Four-day weighted dietary protocols were obtained by means of a self-completed questionnaire of total food and beverage intake. Energy and calcium intake were calculated using nutrition data software. EMA, tissue transglutaminase antibodies, serum calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, intact parathormone, albumin, urea and creatinine levels were determined in all patients. RESULTS: BMD in patients on strict GFD was significantly higher than in patients on not strict GFD (lumbar p=0.01; total body p=0.005). There were significantly more patients with total body BMD below -1.0 in not strictly compliant group (71% compared to 38%; p=0.03). Calcium intake and vitamin D levels were below recommendations in both groups. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents on not strict GFD are at increased risk for low BMD. We therefore recommend that BMD should be evaluated in patients with positive EMA. In addition, patients on strict GFD are at risk for low BMD because of low calcium intake or vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, strict GFD with recommended calcium intake and vitamin D supplementation during winter and spring should be encouraged in all children and adolescents with celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon
Adolescent
Autoantibodies/blood
*Bone Density
Calcium, Dietary
*Celiac Disease/diet therapy/pathology/physiopathology
Child
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Dietary Supplements
Female
Humans
Male
Seasons
Vitamin D/administration & dosage},
   ISSN = {1873-2763},
   Accession Number = {20601293},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.bone.2010.06.008},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Bongiovanni, T. R. and Clark, A. L. and Garnett, E. A. and Wojcicki, J. M. and Heyman, M. B.},
   title = {Impact of gluten-free camp on quality of life of children and adolescents with celiac disease},
   journal = {Pediatrics},
   volume = {125},
   number = {3},
   pages = {e525-9},
   note = {1098-4275
Bongiovanni, Tasce R Simon
Clark, Ann L
Garnett, Elizabeth A
Wojcicki, Janet M
Heyman, Melvin B
T32 DK007762-32/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
T32 DK007762/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK060617/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
K24 DK060617/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
K24 DK060617-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Pediatrics. 2010 Mar;125(3):e525-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-1862. Epub 2010 Feb 15.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A gluten-free camp allows children with celiac disease (CD) to enjoy a camp experience without concern and preoccupation with foods they eat or the stigma of their underlying disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of gluten-free camp on quality-of-life indicators for children and adolescents with CD. METHODS: Children aged 7 to 17 years with CD were administered a 14-question survey at the beginning and the end of a 7-day gluten-free camp. Surveys used a Likert scale to examine general well-being, emotional outlook, and self-perception for the week before each survey. Differences between the time points were compared. Data were analyzed by paired t test. RESULTS: Of the 104 campers who attended camp, 77 (21 male) completed the survey at both time points. Most (70%) had been on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for <4 years. All seemed to benefit from camp, no longer feeling different from other kids or feeling frustrated with a restricted diet. A more beneficial impact was found for campers who were on a GFD for <4 years. Overall, campers reported an improvement in 11 of 14 questions, statistically significant (P < .05) for 8 of those 11 questions. Improvement was observed in each of the 3 categories of questions: well-being, self-perception, and emotional outlook. CONCLUSIONS: Children who had CD and attended a week-long gluten-free camp demonstrated improvement in well-being, self-perception, and emotional outlook. The positive effects of camp were more apparent among campers who had been on a GFD for <4 years compared with those who had been on a GFD for > or =4 years, suggesting an adaptation to CD with time. A gluten-free camp that provides an environment of unrestricted foods can at least temporarily alleviate stress and anxiety around food and social interactions. Durability of these observations on return to daily life requires additional study.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Camping
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy
Child
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
*Quality of Life
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0031-4005},
   Accession Number = {20156892},
   DOI = {10.1542/peds.2009-1862},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Brandtzaeg, P.},
   title = {'ABC' of mucosal immunology},
   journal = {Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program},
   volume = {64},
   pages = {23-38; discussion 38-43, 251-7},
   note = {Brandtzaeg, Per
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Switzerland
Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2009;64:23-38; discussion 38-43, 251-7. doi: 10.1159/000235781. Epub 2009 Aug 19.},
   abstract = {Two adaptive homeostatic mechanisms normally preserve mucosal integrity: (i) immune exclusion mediated by secretory antibodies to inhibit penetration of potentially dangerous

repository: KociOrges/pytag

repo_name: KociOrges/pytag