text:
= {0}
}

@article{Rapee:2009p5944,
author = {Ronald M Rapee and Carolyn A Schniering and Jennifer L Hudson},
journal = {Annual review of clinical psychology},
title = {Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: origins and treatment},
abstract = {The present review summarizes our current knowledge of the development and management of anxiety in children and adolescents. Consideration is given to limitations of this knowledge and directions for future research. The review begins with coverage of the development and demographic correlates of anxiety in young people and then moves to systematic discussion of some of the key etiological factors, including genetics, temperament, parenting, and individual experiences. The second part of the review describes current treatment strategies and efficacy as well as factors thought to influence treatment outcome, including treatment features, child factors, and parent factors. The review concludes with brief coverage of some more recent developments in treatment including alternative models of delivery and prevention strategies.},
affiliation = {Center for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia. Ron.Rapee@mq.edu.au},
pages = {311--41},
volume = {5},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adolescent, Parenting, Parent-Child Relations, Temperament, Anxiety Disorders, Treatment Outcome, Bibliotherapy, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Child, Risk Factors, Cognitive Therapy, Humans, Life Change Events},
date-added = {2010-02-18 23:17:56 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-18 23:17:56 +0100},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628},
pii = {10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628},
pmid = {19152496},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rapee-2009-Annual%20review%20of%20clinical%20psychology_Anxiety%20disorders%20du.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5944},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Crews:2009p3073,
author = {Fulton Timm Crews and Charlotte Ann Boettiger},
journal = {Pharmacol Biochem Behav},
title = {Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction},
abstract = {Alcohol and substance abuse disorders involve continued use of substances despite negative consequences, i.e. loss of behavioral control of drug use. The frontal-cortical areas of the brain oversee behavioral control through executive functions. Executive functions include abstract thinking, motivation, planning, attention to tasks and inhibition of impulsive responses. Impulsiveness generally refers to premature, unduly risky, poorly conceived actions. Dysfunctional impulsivity includes deficits in attention, lack of reflection and/or insensitivity to consequences, all of which occur in addiction [Evenden JL. Varieties of impulsivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999;146:348-361.; de Wit H. Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes. Addict Biol 2009;14:22-31]. Binge drinking models indicate chronic alcohol damages in the corticolimbic brain regions [Crews FT, Braun CJ, Hoplight B, Switzer III RC, Knapp DJ. Binge ethanol consumption causes differential brain damage in young adolescent rats compared with adult rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000;24:1712-1723] causing reversal learning deficits indicative of loss of executive function [Obernier JA, White AM, Swartzwelder HS, Crews FT. Cognitive deficits and CNS damage after a 4-day binge ethanol exposure in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002b;72:521-532]. Genetics and adolescent age are risk factors for alcoholism that coincide with sensitivity to alcohol-induced neurotoxicity. Cortical degeneration from alcohol abuse may increase impulsivity contributing to the development, persistence and severity of alcohol use disorders. Interestingly, abstinence results in bursts of neurogenesis and brain regrowth [Crews FT, Nixon K. Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and regeneration in alcoholism. Alcohol Alcohol 2009;44:115-127]. Treatments for alcoholism, including naltrexone pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may work through improving executive functions. This review will examine the relationships between impulsivity and executive function behaviors to changes in cortical structure during alcohol dependence and recovery.},
affiliation = {Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States. ftcrews@med.unc.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {237--47},
volume = {93},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Brain, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Frontal Lobe, Rats, Psychomotor Performance, Nerve Degeneration, Behavior: Addictive, Risk, Adolescent, Adult, Animals},
date-added = {2010-01-14 19:55:01 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 19:55:03 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbb.2009.04.018},
pii = {S0091-3057(09)00136-1},
pmid = {19410598},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3073},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Hoff:2002p6282,
author = {P D Hoff and A E Raftery and M S Handcock},
journal = {JAMA},
title = {Latent Space Approaches to Social Network Analysis},
abstract = {Network models are widely used to represent relational information among interacting units. In studies of social networks, recent emphasis has been placed on random graph models where the nodes usually represent individual social actors and the edges represent the presence of a speci􏰯 ed relation between actors. We develop a class of models where the probability of a relation between actors depends on the positions of individuals in an unobserved ``social space.'' We make inference for the social space within maximum likelihood and Bayesian frameworks, and propose Markov chain Monte Carlo procedures for making inference on latent positions and the effects of observed covariates. We present analyses of three standard datasets from the social networks literature, and compare the method to an alternative stochastic blockmodeling approach. In addition to improving on model 􏰯 t for these datasets, our method provides a visual and interpretable model-based spatial representation of social relationships and improves on existing methods by allowing the statistical uncertainty in the social space to be quanti􏰯 ed and graphically represented.},
number = {460},
pages = {1090--1098},
volume = {97},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-02-20 18:06:11 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:01:35 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hoff-2002-JAMA_Latent%20Space%20Approac.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6282},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sullivan:2009p819,
author = {P F Sullivan and E J C de Geus and G Willemsen and M R James and J H Smit and T Zandbelt and V Arolt and B T Baune and D Blackwood and S Cichon and W L Coventry and K Domschke and A Farmer and M Fava and S D Gordon and Q He and A C Heath and P Heutink and F Holsboer and W J Hoogendijk and J J Hottenga and Y Hu and M Kohli and D Lin and S Lucae and D J Macintyre and W Maier and K A McGhee and P McGuffin and G W Montgomery and W J Muir and W A Nolen and M M N{\"o}then and R H Perlis and K Pirlo and D Posthuma and M Rietschel and P Rizzu and A Schosser and A B Smit and J W Smoller and J-Y Tzeng and R van Dyck and M Verhage and F G Zitman and N G Martin and N R Wray and Dorret I Boomsma and B W J H Penninx},
journal = {Mol Psychiatry},
title = {Genome-wide association for major depressive disorder: a possible role for the presynaptic protein piccolo},
abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common complex trait with enormous public health significance. As part of the Genetic Association Information Network initiative of the US Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, we conducted a genome-wide association study of 435 291 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 1738 MDD cases and 1802 controls selected to be at low liability for MDD. Of the top 200, 11 signals localized to a 167 kb region overlapping the gene piccolo (PCLO, whose protein product localizes to the cytomatrix of the presynaptic active zone and is important in monoaminergic neurotransmission in the brain) with P-values of 7.7 x 10(-7) for rs2715148 and 1.2 x 10(-6) for rs2522833. We undertook replication of SNPs in this region in five independent samples (6079 MDD independent cases and 5893 controls) but no SNP exceeded the replication significance threshold when all replication samples were analyzed together. However, there was heterogeneity in the replication samples, and secondary analysis of the original sample with the sample of greatest similarity yielded P=6.4 x 10(-8) for the nonsynonymous SNP rs2522833 that gives rise to a serine to alanine substitution near a C2 calcium-binding domain of the PCLO protein. With the integrated replication effort, we present a specific hypothesis for further studies.},
affiliation = {Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA. pfsulliv@med.unc.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {359--75},
volume = {14},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Neuropeptides, Linkage (Genetics), Genome-Wide Association Study, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Cohort Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Depressive Disorder: Major, Female, Adult, Humans, Middle Aged, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Case-Control Studies, Male},
date-added = {2010-01-03 17:26:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:25:51 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/mp.2008.125},
pii = {mp2008125},
pmid = {19065144},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sullivan-2009-Mol%20Psychiatry_Genome-wide%20associat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p819},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wuang:2009p12846,
author = {Yee-Pay Wuang and Chwen-Yng Su},
journal = {Res Dev Disabil},
title = {Rasch analysis of the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in children with intellectual disabilities},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement properties of the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) ages 4-12 years using the dichotomous Rasch model. The VMI was administered individually to 454 children with ID. Rasch analysis was applied to investigate unidimensionality, item fit to the model, differential item functioning (DIF), and item targeting. Discriminative validity was obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Items were eliminated if the task was too easy or too difficult, or showed misfit to the Rasch model. The remaining items fitted the unidimensional construct the test was intended to measure and were free of DIF. The Rasch reduced version of the VMI with 9 items appeared to be suited to measure mild degrees of perceptual-motor impairment and demonstrated excellent reliability (0.91). VMI-9 had a larger area under the ROC curve in its ability to differentiate mild versus moderate to severe ID compared with the original version. Taken together, the VMI-9 provides a quick, reliable and valid measure for screening and identifying perceptual-motor deficits in children with ID.},
affiliation = {Department of Occupational Therapy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.},
number = {5},
pages = {1044--53},
volume = {30},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Intelligence, Reproducibility of Results, Motor Skills Disorders, Psychological Tests, Child, Psychomotor Performance, Mentally Disabled Persons, Child Development, Disability Evaluation, Child: Preschool, Vision Screening, Perceptual Disorders, Visual Perception},
date-added = {2010-06-21 20:11:49 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-21 20:11:52 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2009.02.007},
pii = {S0891-4222(09)00029-8},
pmid = {19297129},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12846},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Gerber:2007p12879,
author = {G K Gerber and R D Dowell and T S Jaakkola and D K Gifford},
title = {Hierarchical Dirichlet Process-Based
Models For Discovery of Cross-species
Mammalian Gene Expression},
abstract = {An important research problem in computational biology is the identification of expression pro- grams, sets of co-activated genes orchestrating physiological processes, and the characterization of the functional breadth of these programs. The use of mammalian expression data compendia for discov- ery of such programs presents several challenges, including: 1) cellular inhomogeneity within samples, 2) genetic and environmental variation across samples, and 3) uncertainty in the numbers of programs and sample populations. We developed GeneProgram, a new unsupervised computational framework that uses expression data to simultaneously organize genes into overlapping programs and tissues into groups to produce maps of inter-species expression programs, which are sorted by generality scores that exploit the automatically learned groupings. Our method addresses each of the above challenges by us- ing a probabilistic model that: 1) allocates mRNA to different expression programs that may be shared across tissues, 2) is hierarchical, treating each tissue as a sample from a population of related tissues, and 3) uses Dirichlet Processes, a non-parametric Bayesian method that provides prior distributions over numbers of sets while penalizing model complexity. Using real gene expression data, we show that GeneProgram outperforms several popular expression analysis methods in recovering biologically in- terpretable gene sets. From a large compendium of mouse and human expression data, GeneProgram discovers 19 tissue groups and 100 expression programs active in mammalian tissues. Our method au- tomatically constructs a comprehensive, body-wide map of expression programs and characterizes their functional generality. This map can be used for guiding future biological experiments, such as discovery of genes for new drug targets that exhibit minimal ``cross-talk'' with unintended organs, or genes that maintain general physiological responses that go awry in disease states. Further, our method is general, and can be applied readily to novel compendia of biological data.},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-06-24 13:02:56 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-24 13:03:43 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gerber-2007-_Hierarchical%20Dirichl.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12879},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Baena:2010p10539,
author = {Elsa Baena and Philip A Allen and Kevin P Kaut and Rosalie J Hall},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
title = {On age differences in prefrontal function: the importance of emotional/cognitive integration},
abstract = {Evidence of prefrontal cortex decline among healthy older adults has been widely reported, although many questions remain regarding the functional heterogeneity of the prefrontal lobes and the uniformity (or lack thereof) with which discrete regions decline with age. MacPherson, Phillips, and Della Sala (2002) previously reported age differences in tasks associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) function (executive control), but not for tasks associated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) function (emotional/cognitive integration). The present study, conducted using 39 younger adults and 39 older adults, replicates the MacPherson et al. findings regarding DLPFC functioning. However, and perhaps due to the use of more sensitive tasks, we also find age differences in tasks associated with VMPFC function. Specifically, both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated older adults showed deficits across the DLPFC and VMPFC tasks. Exploratory factor analysis of the task performance scores indicated four underlying dimensions, two related to DLPFC functioning and two related to VMPFC functioning. A set of structural equation models specifying age effects on the four task performance factors was tested, in order to contrast models of process-specific vs. common age effects. Our results suggest that older adults show deficits in emotional/cognitive integration as well as in executive function, and that those effects do include process-specific age deficits.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, AZ, USA.},
number = {1},
pages = {319--33},
volume = {48},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Aged: 80 and over, Prefrontal Cortex, Middle Aged, Male, Aged, Cognition, Models: Psychological, Adolescent, Neuropsychological Tests, Emotions, Young Adult, Aging, Games: Experimental, Female, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Adult, Reaction Time, Humans},
date-added = {2010-04-07 11:31:32 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-07 11:31:32 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.021},
pii = {S0028-3932(09)00377-7},
pmid = {19786039},
URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0D-4X9TV2R-3&_user=2432700&_coverDate=01%252F31%252F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000057263&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2432700&md5=2302d2e6c9a3b708b1f80ae064ede47d},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Baena-2010-Neuropsychologia_On%20age%20differences%20i.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10539},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Chiquet:2009p4291,
author = {J Chiquet},
title = {Analyse des donn{\'e}es prostate: quelques m{\'e}thodes de r{\'e}gularisation l1},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-25 20:32:05 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-25 20:32:43 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Chiquet-2009-_Analyse%20des%20donn%C3%A9es.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4291},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dias:2009p6245,
author = {J G Dias and J K Vermunt},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {A bootstrap-based aggregate classifier for model-based clustering},
abstract = {In model-based clustering, a situation in which true class labels are unknown and that is therefore also referred to as unsupervised learning, observations are typically classified by the Bayes modal rule. In this study, we assess whether alter- native classifiers from the classification or supervised-learning literature---developed for situations in which class labels are known---can improve the Bayes rule. More specifically, we investigate the performance of bootstrap-based aggregate (bagging) rules after adapting these to the model-based clustering context. It is argued that spe- cific issues, such as the label-switching problem, have to be carefully addressed when using bootstrap methods in model-based clustering. Our two Monte Carlo studies show that classification based on the Bayes rule is rather stable and difficult to improve by bootstrap-based aggregate rules, even for sparse data. An empirical example illustrates the various approaches described in this paper.},
pages = {643--659},
volume = {23},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-02-19 21:22:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:24:32 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dias-2009-Computational%20Statistics_A%20bootstrap-based%20ag.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6245},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Latvala:2009p6740,
author = {Antti Latvala and Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson and Jonna Per{\"a}l{\"a} and Samuli I Saarni and Terhi Aalto-Set{\"a}l{\"a} and Hillevi Aro and Tellervo Korhonen and Seppo Koskinen and Jouko L{\"o}nnqvist and Jaakko Kaprio and Jaana Suvisaari},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
title = {Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood: A population-based study},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several risk factors for alcohol and other substance use disorders (SUDs) have been identified, but it is not well understood whether their associations with SUD are independent of each other. In particular, it is not well known, whether the associations between behavioral and affective factors and SUDs are independent of other risk factors. The incidence of SUDs peaks by young adulthood making epidemiological studies of SUDs in young adults informative. METHODS: In a comprehensive population-based survey of mental health in Finnish young adults (aged 21-35 years, n = 605), structured clinical interview (SCID-I) complemented by medical record data from all lifetime hospital and outpatient treatments were used to diagnose SUDs. We estimated the prevalences of lifetime DSM-IV SUDs, and investigated their associations with correlates from four domains representing: (1) behavioral and affective factors, (2) parental factors, (3) early initiation of substance use, and (4) educational factors. Independence of the association of behavioral and affective factors with SUD was investigated. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalences of abuse or dependence of any substance, alcohol, and any illicit substance were 14.2%, 13.1%, and 4.4%, respectively. Correlates from all four domains were associated with SUD. The associations between behavioral and affective factors (attention or behavior problems at school, aggression, anxiousness) and SUD were largely independent of other correlates, whereas only daily smoking and low education associated with SUD after adjustment for behavioral and affective factors. CONCLUSION: Alcohol use disorders are common in Finnish young adults, whereas other SUDs are less common than in many other developed countries. Our cross-sectional analyses suggested that the association between behavioral and affective factors and SUD was only partly accounted for by other correlates, such as early initiation of substance use and parental alcohol problems. In contrast, associations between many other factors and SUD were non-significant when adjusted for behavioral and affective factors.},
affiliation = {Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. antti.latvala@thl.fi},
pages = {73},
volume = {9},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Age Factors, Health Status, Age of Onset, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Questionnaires, Alcoholism, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Comorbidity, Finland, Young Adult, Adult, Prevalence, Child, Mental Disorders, Child of Impaired Parents, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Parents, Risk Factors, Female},
date-added = {2010-03-05 22:11:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 12:35:12 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-9-73},
pii = {1471-244X-9-73},
pmid = {19925643},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Latvala-2009-BMC%20Psychiatry_Prevalence%20and%20corre.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6740},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Nicolae:2006p4649,
author = {Dan L Nicolae},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Testing untyped alleles (TUNA)-applications to genome-wide association studies},
abstract = {The large number of tests performed in analyzing data from genome-wide association studies has a large impact on the power of detecting risk variants, and analytic strategies specifying the optimal set of hypotheses to be tested are necessary. We propose a genome-wide strategy that is based on one degree of freedom tests for all the genotyped variants, and for all the untyped variants for which there is sufficient information in the observed data. The set of untyped variants to be tested is found using multi-locus measures of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies from a reference database such as HapMap (The International HapMap Consortium [2003] Nature 426:789-796). We introduce a novel statistic for testing differences in allele frequencies for untyped variation that is based on linear combinations of estimable haplotype frequencies. Algorithms for finding the sets of genotyped markers to be used in testing an untyped allele, and ways of incorporating haplotypes observed in the study data but not in the reference database are also described. The proposed testing strategy can be used as the first step in the analysis of genome-wide association data, and, because every performed test is directed to a marker, it can be used to specify the set of polymorphisms to genotype in follow-up studies. The described methodology provides also a tool for joint analysis of data from studies done on different platforms.},
affiliation = {Departments of Medicine and Statistics, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.},
number = {8},
pages = {718--27},
volume = {30},
year = {2006},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Alleles, Algorithms, Genotype, Polymorphism: Genetic, Linkage Disequilibrium, Risk, Software, Genome, Chromosome Mapping, Gene Frequency, Models: Statistical, Models: Genetic, Haplotypes, Humans, Genetic Variation},
date-added = {2010-01-30 16:06:11 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 16:06:11 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20182},
pmid = {16986160},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Nicolae-2006-Genet%20Epidemiol_Testing%20untyped%20alle.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4649},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Marshall:2006p7329,
author = {Susan Marshall and Kirstie Haywood and Ray Fitzpatrick},
journal = {J Eval Clin Pract},
title = {Impact of patient-reported outcome measures on routine practice: a structured review},
abstract = {RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Regular use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) by health care providers in their routine practice may help to improve the quality of care, but more evidence is needed before routine use of PROMs can be recommended. A structured review was undertaken to examine whether and how regular use of PROMs might improve routine practice. METHODS: A systematic search of Medline accessed through Webspirs Silverplatter was undertaken for the years 1976-2004. Controlled trials in English evaluating the impact of clinical use of PROMs on routine practice were included. Data regarding study design, characteristics of PROMs feedback, patient populations and study results were extracted by three reviewers. RESULTS: Feedback of PROMs results to health care providers appears to have a substantial impact on some processes of care, particularly on diagnosis of mental health conditions. However, the impact on patient health status is less consistent. Most of the published studies evaluated PROMs as a one-off screening technology and measured only provider behaviours and patient health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of results suggests a general lack of clarity in the field, especially regarding appropriate goals for PROMs and the mechanisms by which they might achieve them. To fully evaluate their role in routine practice, studies need to use PROMs that capture issues of importance to patients and to measure impacts relating to the patient-provider relationship and patient contributions to their well-being. Until studies evaluate PROMs as a means facilitate patient-centred care, their full potential in clinical practice will remain unknown.},
affiliation = {Patient-reported Health Instruments Group, National Centre for Health Outcomes Development, Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.},
number = {5},
pages = {559--68},
volume = {12},
year = {2006},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Physician's Practice Patterns, Great Britain, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Humans, Patient Satisfaction},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:21:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:21:46 +0100},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00650.x},
pii = {JEP650},
pmid = {16987118},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7329},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Raychaudhuri:2009p4886,
author = {Soumya Raychaudhuri and Brian P Thomson and Elaine F Remmers and Stephen Eyre and Anne Hinks and Candace Guiducci and Joseph J Catanese and Gang Xie and Eli A Stahl and Robert Chen and Lars Alfredsson and Christopher I Amos and Kristin G Ardlie and BIRAC Consortium and Anne Barton and John Bowes and Noel P Burtt and Monica Chang and Jonathan Coblyn and Karen H Costenbader and Lindsey A Criswell and J Bart A Crusius and Jing Cui and Phillip L De Jager and Bo Ding and Paul Emery and Edward Flynn and Pille Harrison and Lynne J Hocking and Tom W J Huizinga and Daniel L Kastner and Xiayi Ke and Fina A S Kurreeman and Annette T Lee and Xiangdong Liu and Yonghong Li and Paul Martin and Ann W Morgan and Leonid Padyukov and David M Reid and Mark Seielstad and Michael F Seldin and Nancy A Shadick and Sophia Steer and Paul P Tak and Wendy Thomson and Annette H M van der Helm-van Mil and Irene E van der Horst-Bruinsma and Michael E Weinblatt and Anthony G Wilson and Gert Jan Wolbink and Paul Wordsworth and YEAR Consortium and David M Altshuler and Elizabeth W Karlson and Rene E M Toes and Niek de Vries and Ann B Begovich and Katherine A Siminovitch and Jane Worthington and Lars Klareskog and Peter K Gregersen and Mark J Daly and Robert M Plenge},
journal = {Nat Genet},
title = {Genetic variants at CD28, PRDM1 and CD2/CD58 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk},
abstract = {To discover new rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk loci, we systematically examined 370 SNPs from 179 independent loci with P < 0.001 in a published meta-analysis of RA genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 3,393 cases and 12,462 controls. We used Gene Relationships Across Implicated Loci (GRAIL), a computational method that applies statistical text mining to PubMed abstracts, to score these 179 loci for functional relationships to genes in 16 established RA disease loci. We identified 22 loci with a significant degree of functional connectivity. We genotyped 22 representative SNPs in an independent set of 7,957 cases and 11,958 matched controls. Three were convincingly validated: CD2-CD58 (rs11586238, P = 1 x 10(-6) replication, P = 1 x 10(-9) overall), CD28 (rs1980422, P = 5 x 10(-6) replication, P = 1 x 10(-9) overall) and PRDM1 (rs548234, P = 1 x 10(-5) replication, P = 2 x 10(-8) overall). An additional four were replicated (P < 0.0023): TAGAP (rs394581, P = 0.0002 replication, P = 4 x 10(-7) overall), PTPRC (rs10919563, P = 0.0003 replication, P = 7 x 10(-7) overall), TRAF6-RAG1 (rs540386, P = 0.0008 replication, P = 4 x 10(-6) overall) and FCGR2A (rs12746613, P = 0.0022 replication, P = 2 x 10(-5) overall). Many of these loci are also associated to other immunologic diseases.},
affiliation = {Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. soumya@broad.mit.edu},
number = {12},
pages = {1313--8},
volume = {41},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Variation, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Antigens: CD2, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Arthritis: Rheumatoid, Case-Control Studies, Genotype, Risk Factors, Antigens: CD28, Antigens: CD58, Repressor Proteins, Humans},
date-added = {2010-02-02 11:25:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:42:16 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/ng.479},
pii = {ng.479},
pmid = {19898481},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Raychaudhuri-2009-Nat%20Genet_Genetic%20variants%20at.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4886},
rating = {0}
}

@book{Foulkes2009,
author = {A S Foulkes},
journal = {Book},
title = {Applied Statistical Genetics with R},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-12 14:26:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 14:26:52 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2513},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hoexter:2009p8506,
author = {Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter and Roseli Gedanke Shavitt and Carina Chaubet D'Alcante and Janaina Philippi Cecconi and Juliana Belo Diniz and Cristina Belotto-Silva and Ana Gabriela Hounie and Sonia Borcato and Ivanil Moraes and Marines Alves Joaquim and Carolina Cappi and Aline Santos Sampaio and Maria Alice de Mathis and Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo and Antonio Carlos Lopes and Ana Carolina Ferreira Rosa and Renan Kawano Muniz and Andrea Horvath Marques and Luciana Cristina Santos and Anita Taub and F{\'a}bio Lu{\'\i}s de Souza Duran and Darin Dean Dougherty and Geraldo Filho Busatto and Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan and Euripedes Constantino Miguel},
journal = {Rev Bras Psiquiatr},
title = {The drug-na{\"\i}ve OCD patients imaging genetics, cognitive and treatment response study: methods and sample description},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe a protocol that was based on an integrative neurobiological model of scientific investigation to better understand the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and to present the clinical and demographic characteristics of the sample. METHOD: A standardized research protocol that combines different methods of investigation (genetics, neuropsychology, morphometric magnetic resonance imaging and molecular neuroimaging of the dopamine transporter) obtained before and after treatment of drug-na{\"\i}ve adult obsessive-compulsive disorder patients submitted to a sequentially allocated 12-week clinical trial with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine) and group cognitive-behavioral therapy. RESULTS: Fifty-two treatment-na{\"\i}ve obsessive-compulsive disorder patients entered the clinical trial (27 received fluoxetine and 25 received group cognitive-behavioral therapy). At baseline, 47 blood samples for genetic studies, 50 neuropsychological evaluations, 50 morphometrical magnetic resonance images and 48 TRODAT-1 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) exams were obtained. After 12 weeks, 38 patients completed the protocol (fluoxetine = 20 and GCBT = 18). Thirty-eight neuropsychological evaluations, 31 morphometrical magnetic resonance images and 34 TRODAT-1 SPECT exams were obtained post-treatment. Forty-one healthy controls matched for age, gender, socioeconomic status, level of education and laterality were submitted to the same research procedures at baseline. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive treatment response protocol applied in this project allowing integration on genetic, neuropsychological, morphometrical and molecular imaging of the dopamine transporter data in drug-na{\"\i}ve patients has the potential to generate important original information on the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and at the same time be clinically meaningful.},
affiliation = {Department {\&} Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital, Medical School, Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo, S{\~a}o Paulo, SP, Brazil.},
number = {4},
pages = {349--53},
volume = {31},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-21 19:31:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 19:31:24 +0100},
pii = {S1516-44462009000400011},
pmid = {20098825},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hoexter-2009-Rev%20Bras%20Psiquiatr_The%20drug-na%C3%AFve%20OCD%20p.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8506},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cornes:2005p1855,
author = {Belinda K Cornes and Sarah E Medland and Manuel A R Ferreira and Katherine I Morley and David L Duffy and Bastiaan T Heijmans and Grant W Montgomery and Nicholas G Martin},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
title = {Sex-limited genome-wide linkage scan for body mass index in an unselected sample of 933 Australian twin families},
abstract = {Genes involved in pathways regulating body weight may operate differently in men and women. To determine whether sex-limited genes influence the obesity-related phenotype body mass index (BMI), we have conducted a general nonscalar sex-limited genome-wide linkage scan using variance components analysis in Mx (Neale, 2002). BMI measurements and genotypic data were available for 2053 Australian female and male adult twins and their siblings from 933 families. Clinical measures of BMI were available for 64.4% of these individuals, while only self-reported measures were available for the remaining participants. The mean age of participants was 39.0 years of age (SD 12.1 years). The use of a sex-limited linkage model identified areas on the genome where quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects differ between the sexes, particularly on chromosome 8 and 20, providing us with evidence that some of the genes responsible for BMI may have different effects in men and women. Our highest linkage peak was observed at 12q24 (-log10p = 3.02), which was near the recommended threshold for suggestive linkage (-log10p = 3.13). Previous studies have found evidence for a quantitative trait locus on 12q24 affecting BMI in a wide range of populations, and candidate genes for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a consequence of obesity, have also been mapped to this region. We also identified many peaks near a -log10p of 2 (threshold for replicating an existing finding) in many areas across the genome that are within regions previously identified by other studies, as well as in locations that harbor genes known to influence weight regulation.},
affiliation = {Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD, Australia},
number = {6},
pages = {616--32},
volume = {8},
year = {2005},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Linkage (Genetics), Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2, Quantitative Trait Loci, Twins, Chromosomes: Human, Sex Factors, Genome: Human, Humans, Body Mass Index, Obesity},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:32:42 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:32:42 +0100},
pmid = {16363087},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cornes-2005-Twin%20research%20and%20human%20genetics%20the%20official%20journal%20of%20the%20International%20Society%20for%20Twin%20Studies_Sex-limited%20genome-w.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1855},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Johnson:2009p5713,
author = {Andrew D Johnson and Christopher J O'Donnell},
journal = {BMC Med Genet},
title = {An open access database of genome-wide association results},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is growing rapidly leading to the discovery and replication of many new disease loci. Combining results from multiple GWAS datasets may potentially strengthen previous conclusions and suggest new disease loci, pathways or pleiotropic genes. However, no database or centralized resource currently exists that contains anywhere near the full scope of GWAS results. METHODS: We collected available results from 118 GWAS articles into a database of 56,411 significant SNP-phenotype associations and accompanying information, making this database freely available here. In doing so, we met and describe here a number of challenges to creating an open access database of GWAS results. Through preliminary analyses and characterization of available GWAS, we demonstrate the potential to gain new insights by querying a database across GWAS. RESULTS: Using a genomic bin-based density analysis to search for highly associated regions of the genome, positive control loci (e.g., MHC loci) were detected with high sensitivity. Likewise, an analysis of highly repeated SNPs across GWAS identified replicated loci (e.g., APOE, LPL). At the same time we identified novel, highly suggestive loci for a variety of traits that did not meet genome-wide significant thresholds in prior analyses, in some cases with strong support from the primary medical genetics literature (SLC16A7, CSMD1, OAS1), suggesting these genes merit further study. Additional adjustment for linkage disequilibrium within most regions with a high density of GWAS associations did not materially alter our findings. Having a centralized database with standardized gene annotation also allowed us to examine the representation of functional gene categories (gene ontologies) containing one or more associations among top GWAS results. Genes relating to cell adhesion functions were highly over-represented among significant associations (p < 4.6 x 10(-14)), a finding which was not perturbed by a sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: We provide access to a full gene-annotated GWAS database which could be used for further querying, analyses or integration with other genomic information. We make a number of general observations. Of reported associated SNPs, 40% lie within the boundaries of a RefSeq gene and 68% are within 60 kb of one, indicating a bias toward gene-centricity in the findings. We found considerable heterogeneity in information available from GWAS suggesting the wider community could benefit from standardization and centralization of results reporting.},
affiliation = {National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. johnsonad2@nhlbi.nih.gov},
pages = {6},
volume = {10},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study, Access to Information, Computational Biology, Databases: Genetic},
date-added = {2010-02-15 12:12:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-08-18 17:07:40 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2350-10-6},
pii = {1471-2350-10-6},
pmid = {19161620},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Johnson-2009-BMC%20Med%20Genet_An%20open%20access%20datab.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5713},
rating = {4}
}

@article{BongioviGarcia:2009p2655,
author = {Mary E Bongiovi-Garcia and Jessica Merville and M Goretti Almeida and Ainsley Burke and Steven Ellis and Barbara H Stanley and Kelly Posner and J John Mann and Maria A Oquendo},
journal = {J Affect Disord},
title = {Comparison of clinical and research assessments of diagnosis, suicide attempt history and suicidal ideation in major depression},
abstract = {A number of studies have compared clinical diagnostic and suicide assessments to standardized schedules to determine the level of agreement. At best there is only moderate diagnostic agreement, but most often it is fair. There are only a few reports comparing clinical assessments for suicidal behavior with standardized schedules. We present the data from 201 inpatient admissions for major depression that had both clinical diagnostic and suicide evaluations by PGYII resident physicians under supervision from an attending psychiatrist and research evaluations using standardized schedules for diagnosis and suicide by at least masters' level clinicians. There was moderate agreement for diagnosis and suicide attempt history but only fair agreement for the presence of suicidal ideation using Cohen's kappa statistic. In regards to suicide attempt history a cross-tabulation demonstrated that 18.7% of those patients identified by a research schedule as having a past suicide attempt were not identified as such by the clinicians. A cross-tabulation demonstrated that 29.7% of those patients identified by structured interview as having suicidal ideation were not identified as such by the clinician. There was a statistically significant difference in the level of agreement for suicide attempt history between clinical and research assessments for attempts within a year of admission and those beyond a year. These findings suggest the importance of adding a structured diagnostic and suicide assessment to routine clinical care to improve the reliability and validity of clinical evaluations and to inform treatment planning to benefit our patients.},
affiliation = {New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University 1051 Riverside Drive NY, NY 10032, United States. meb9@columbia.edu},
number = {1-2},
pages = {183--8},
volume = {115},
year = {2009},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Research Personnel, Personality Tests, Young Adult, Aged, Adolescent, Psychiatry, Internship and Residency, Humans, Suicide: Attempted, Diagnosis: Differential, Risk Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Adult, Psychometrics, Male, Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder: Major, Observer Variation, Middle Aged, Interview: Psychological},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:46:00 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 22:46:00 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2008.07.026},
pii = {S0165-0327(08)00323-6},
pmid = {18814917},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2655},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Teresi:2007,
author = {J A Teresi and J A Fleishman},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {Differential item functioning and health assessment},
abstract = {Establishing measurement equivalence is important because inaccurate assessment may lead to incorrect estimates of effects in research, and to suboptimal decisions at the individual, clinical level. Examination of differential item functioning (DIF) is a method for studying measurement equivalence. An item (i.e., one question in a longer scale) exhibits DIF if the item response differs across groups (e.g., gender, race), controlling for an estimate of the construct being measured. A distinction between applications in health, as contrasted with other settings such as educational and aptitude testing, is that there are many health-related constructs and multiple measures of each, few of which have received much critical evaluation. Discussed in this article are several methods for detection of differential item functioning (DIF), including non-parametric and parametric methods such as logistic regression, and those based on item response theory. Basic definitions and criteria for DIF detection are provided, as are steps in performing the analyses. Recommendations are presented and future directions discussed.},
number = {Supplement 1},
pages = {33--42},
volume = {16},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:38:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:30 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1126},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Revicki:2009p5915,
author = {Dennis A Revicki and Wen-Hung Chen and Neesha Harnam and Karon F Cook and Dagmar Amtmann and Leigh F Callahan and Mark P Jensen and Francis J Keefe},
journal = {Pain},
title = {Development and psychometric analysis of the PROMIS pain behavior item bank},
abstract = {The measurement of pain behavior is a key component of the assessment of persons with chronic pain; however, few self-reported pain behavior instruments have been developed. We developed a pain behavior item bank as part of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS). For the Wave I testing, because of the large number of PROMIS items, a complex sampling approach was used where participants were randomly assigned to either respond to two full-item banks or to multiple 7-item blocks of items. A web-based survey was designed and completed by 15,528 members of the general population and 967 individuals with different types of chronic pain. Item response theory (IRT) analysis models were used to evaluate item characteristics and to scale both items and individuals on the pain behavior domain. The pain behavior item bank demonstrated good fit to a unidimensional model (Comparative Fit Index = 0.94). Several iterations of IRT analyses resulted in a final 39-item pain behavior bank, and different IRT models were fit to the total sample and to those participants who experienced some pain. The results indicated that these items demonstrated good coverage of the pain behavior construct. Pain behavior scores were strongly related to pain intensity and moderately related to self-reported general health status. Mean pain behavior scores varied significantly by groups based on pain severity and general health status. The PROMIS pain behavior item bank can be used to develop static short-form and dynamic measures of pain behavior for clinical studies.},
affiliation = {Center for Health Outcomes Research, United BioSource Corporation, 7101 Wisconsin Ave., Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Dennis.Revicki@unitedbiosource.com},
number = {1-2},
pages = {158--69},
volume = {146},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Adolescent, Behavior, Pain, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome, Socioeconomic Factors, Aged, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Middle Aged, Adult, Pain Measurement, Psychometrics, Young Adult, Chronic Disease},
date-added = {2010-02-18 23:15:26 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-18 23:15:26 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.pain.2009.07.029},
pii = {S0304-3959(09)00409-6},
pmid = {19683873},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5915},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lim:2009p13124,
author = {Yi-Jing Lim and Sui-Yung Chan and Yu Ko},
journal = {Epilepsy Res},
title = {Stigma and health-related quality of life in Asian adults with epilepsy},
abstract = {This study aims to (1) review the impact of epilepsy on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Asian adult persons with epilepsy (PWE), and (2) identify the extent of stigma they experience and the associated factors. The electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched using a combination of keywords to identify relevant journal articles published before October 2007, and supplemental manual searches of article bibliographies and the journal Neurology Asia were conducted. Thirty-six articles that met the predetermined inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed. The HRQoL of Asian adult PWE was lower than that of the general population. These PWE had difficulties in both physical and psychosocial functioning. Psychosocial factors appeared to have a more significant impact on PWE's HRQoL than physical factors. Stigma and negative attitudes towards marriage and employment of PWE was prevalent in many Asian countries, and the stigma's associated factors were multifaceted. Given the prevalent negative attitudes towards epilepsy, public education campaigns targeting misconceptions and associated factors may help reduce stigma and, together with psychosocial support, the HRQoL of Asian adult PWE can be improved.},
affiliation = {Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.},
number = {2-3},
pages = {107--19},
volume = {87},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adult, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Prejudice, Quality of Life, Epilepsy, Stereotyping, Health Status, Humans, Activities of Daily Living, Social Perception, Attitude to Health},
date-added = {2010-06-26 10:49:08 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-26 10:49:08 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.08.014},
pii = {S0920-1211(09)00236-8},
pmid = {19782536},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lim-2009-Epilepsy%20Res_Stigma%20and%20health-re.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13124},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Paschou:2007p3861,
author = {Peristera Paschou and Elad Ziv and Esteban G Burchard and Shweta Choudhry and William Rodriguez-Cintron and Michael W Mahoney and Petros Drineas},
journal = {PLoS Genet},
title = {PCA-correlated SNPs for structure identification in worldwide human populations},
abstract = {Existing methods to ascertain small sets of markers for the identification of human population structure require prior knowledge of individual ancestry. Based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and recent results in theoretical computer science, we present a novel algorithm that, applied on genomewide data, selects small subsets of SNPs (PCA-correlated SNPs) to reproduce the structure found by PCA on the complete dataset, without use of ancestry information. Evaluating our method on a previously described dataset (10,805 SNPs, 11 populations), we demonstrate that a very small set of PCA-correlated SNPs can be effectively employed to assign individuals to particular continents or populations, using a simple clustering algorithm. We validate our methods on the HapMap populations and achieve perfect intercontinental differentiation with 14 PCA-correlated SNPs. The Chinese and Japanese populations can be easily differentiated using less than 100 PCA-correlated SNPs ascertained after evaluating 1.7 million SNPs from HapMap. We show that, in general, structure informative SNPs are not portable across geographic regions. However, we manage to identify a general set of 50 PCA-correlated SNPs that effectively assigns individuals to one of nine different populations. Compared to analysis with the measure of informativeness, our methods, although unsupervised, achieved similar results. We proceed to demonstrate that our algorithm can be effectively used for the analysis of admixed populations without having to trace the origin of individuals. Analyzing a Puerto Rican dataset (192 individuals, 7,257 SNPs), we show that PCA-correlated SNPs can be used to successfully predict structure and ancestry proportions. We subsequently validate these SNPs for structure identification in an independent Puerto Rican dataset. The algorithm that we introduce runs in seconds and can be easily applied on large genome-wide datasets, facilitating the identification of population substructure, stratification assessment in multi-stage whole-genome association studies, and the study of demographic history in human populations.},
affiliation = {Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece. ppaschou@mbg.duth.gr},
number = {9},
pages = {1672--86},
volume = {3},
year = {2007},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetics: Population, Humans, Principal Component Analysis, Algorithms, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide},
date-added = {2010-01-16 21:02:49 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 21:02:49 +0100},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.0030160},
pii = {07-PLGE-RA-0231},
pmid = {17892327},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3861},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Goldbeck:2001p8459,
author = {L Goldbeck},
journal = {Psycho-Oncology},
title = {Parental coping with the diagnosis of childhood cancer: gender effects, dissimilarity within couples, and quality of life},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Considering coping as dynamic process within the family, effects of gender and diagnosis are investigated. Dissimilarity within couples in coping with childhood cancer is studied longitudinally in its effects on quality of life of mothers, fathers, and the sick children. METHODS: A total of 108 parents out of 54 complete families participated in a prospective study. Twenty-five families had a child newly diagnosed with cancer, 29 families had a child newly diagnosed with juvenile diabetes or epilepsy. The Coping Health Inventory for Parents, the Trier Coping Scales, and the Ulm Quality-of-Life Inventory for Parents were employed 1-2 weeks after diagnosis and again 10-12 weeks after diagnosis. RESULTS: In face of childhood cancer, parents develop more rumination, defense, and information seeking, and less social support seeking strategies compared to the control group. Mothers report more frequent and more effective coping compared with fathers, but mothers and fathers do not differ in their self-reported quality of life. No convergence within couples could be demonstrated in most of the corresponding coping styles. The strongest correlation between mothers and fathers appeared in the religious coping style (r=0.60, p<0.001). Coping dissimilarity within couples in social support seeking and religion is correlated with an improvement of parental quality of life. Parental dissimilarity in information seeking is correlated with a decrease in the child's quality of life. CONCLUSION: Coping dissimilarities between fathers and mothers have differential effects on the family members. For this reason, psychosocial interventions should support dis-synchrony when it appears adaptive, and they should help parents to overcome those differences that negatively affect their child.},
affiliation = {Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Ulm, Germany. lutz.goldbeck@medizin.uni-ulm.de},
number = {4},
pages = {325--35},
volume = {10},
year = {2001},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Social Support, Neoplasms, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Personality Inventory, Adolescent, Quality of Life, Female, Adult, Gender Identity, Prospective Studies, Child: Preschool, Male, Adaptation: Psychological, Child, Humans, Infant},
date-added = {2010-03-21 17:59:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 17:59:59 +0100},
pii = {10.1002/pon.530},
pmid = {11462231},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8459},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Trinchera:2010p4086,
author = {L Trinchera and S Squillacciotti and V Esposito Vinzi},
title = {PLS Typological Path Modeling: a model-based approach to classification},
date-added = {2010-01-19 20:00:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 20:01:15 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Trinchera--_PLS%20Typological%20Path.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4086},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Assaf:2007,
author = {A V Assaf and E P da Silva Tagliaferro and M de Castro Meneghim and C Tengan and A C Pereira and G M B Ambrosano and F L Mialhe},
journal = {Journal of Applied Oral Science},
title = {A new approach for interexaminer reliability data analysis on dental caries calibration},
number = {6},
volume = {15},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1916},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fox:2002p4630,
author = {J Fox},
title = {Linear Mixed Models},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-30 15:34:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 15:34:49 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fox-2002-_Linear%20Mixed%20Models.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4630},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Greenhalgh:2009p7311,
author = {Joanne Greenhalgh},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {The applications of PROs in clinical practice: what are they, do they work, and why?},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Precisely defining the different applications of patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) in clinical practice can be difficult. This is because the intervention is complex and varies amongst different studies in terms of the type of PRO used, how the PRO is fed back, and to whom it is fed back. METHODS: A theory-driven approach is used to describe six different applications of PROs in clinical practice. The evidence for the impact of these applications on the process and outcomes of care are summarised. Possible explanations for the limited impact of PROs on patient management are then discussed and directions for future research are highlighted. RESULTS: The applications of PROs in clinical practice include screening tools, monitoring tools, as a method of promoting patient-centred care, as a decision aid, as a method of facilitating communication amongst multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), and as a means of monitoring the quality of patient care. Evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that the use of PROs in clinical practice is valuable in improving the discussion and detection of HRQoL problems but has less of an impact on how clinicians manage patient problems or on subsequent patient outcomes. Many of the reasons for this may lie in the ways in which PROs fit (or do not fit) into the routine ways in which patients and clinicians communicate with each other, how clinicians make decisions, and how healthcare as a whole is organised. CONCLUSIONS: Future research needs to identify ways in with PROs can be better incorporated into the routine care of patients by combining qualitative and quantitative methods and adopting appropriate trial designs.},
affiliation = {School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, LS2 9UT, Leeds, UK. j.greenhalgh@leeds.ac.uk},
number = {1},
pages = {115--23},
volume = {18},
year = {2009},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Decision Making, Patient Satisfaction, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Models: Theoretical, Questionnaires},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:20:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-008-9430-6},
pmid = {19105048},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7311},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Durston:2010p8817,
author = {Sarah Durston},
journal = {Neuroimage},
title = {Imaging genetics in ADHD},
abstract = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder, with 5% of school age children affected. Up to 80% of the phenotypic variance can be explained by genetic factors. The intermediate or endophenotype approach allows for mapping of the effect of individual risk genes on neurobiological parameters, such as brain structure, chemistry and, ultimately, function. There are two obvious advantages of applying such an approach to complex disorders: first, these measures are causally closer to genes and gene expression than behavior, meaning that gene effects should be magnified. Second, neuroimaging provides a means to uncover the neurobiological mechanisms by which gene variants impact the brain. To date, only fourteen studies have applied an imaging genetics approach to ADHD. Eight of these used MRI, four SPECT and two EEG. These imaging modalities have afforded us a window on the brain, permitting a glimpse of how genetic changes can affect brain structure, chemistry and function. The studies to date have often focused on two prime candidate genes in the dopamine system, the DRD4 and DAT1 genes. However, the effects of neither are yet fully understood. Imaging genetics in ADHD is in its infancy. While attempts to integrate the findings to date are hinting at how genes may impact various aspects of neural functioning, studies testing clear model-based hypotheses, using multimodal approaches may provide a means to link various windows on the brain.},
affiliation = {Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht - HP A 01.468, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-22 12:31:27 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 12:31:27 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.071},
pii = {S1053-8119(10)00258-2},
pmid = {20206707},
URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WNP-4YHT7TG-6&_user=2432700&_coverDate=03%252F04%252F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000057263&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2432700&md5=8a9c36ab5f66244f31bf7e65d7aa290c},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Durston-2010-Neuroimage_Imaging%20genetics%20in-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8817},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hall:2007p6071,
author = {Geoffrey B C Hall and C Dianne West and Peter Szatmari},
journal = {Brain Cogn},
title = {Backward masking: evidence of reduced subcortical amygdala engagement in autism},
abstract = {Recent data suggest that subthreshold presentation of emotional information is relayed to the amygdala along subcortical pathways. We examined the effect of backward masked neutral and anxious faces on the social decisions of a group of high functioning children with autism ages 7-13 years and matched controls. Participants were asked to select the friendliest of two faces, one of which was associated with the subthreshold (33 ms) presentation of an anxious face (A/N) and the other a subthreshold neutral face (N/N). Neutral paired faces were selected more often than A/N paired faces by both groups. However, children with autism selected significantly fewer N/N stimuli and more A/N stimuli than controls. These results suggest that the social choices of children with autism were influenced less by emotional information presented subconsciously and suggest a subcortical contribution to the social/emotional processing deficits observed in autism.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. hallg@mcmaster.ca},
number = {1},
pages = {100--6},
volume = {65},
year = {2007},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Autistic Disorder, Child, Male, Matched-Pair Analysis, Functional Laterality, Visual Perception, Subliminal Stimulation, Perceptual Masking, Case-Control Studies, Photic Stimulation, Adolescent, Amygdala, Humans, Emotions, Pattern Recognition: Visual, Statistics: Nonparametric, Facial Expression, Reference Values},
date-added = {2010-02-19 17:02:52 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 17:02:52 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2007.01.010},
pii = {S0278-2626(07)00066-8},
pmid = {17629385},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6071},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wuang:2009p5129,
author = {Yee-Pay Wuang and Yueh-Hsien Lin and Chwen-Yng Su},
journal = {Res Dev Disabil},
title = {Rasch analysis of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition in intellectual disabilities},
abstract = {The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) is widely used to assess motor skills for both clinical and research purposes; however, its validity has not been adequately assessed in intellectual disabilities (ID). This study used partial credit Rasch model to examine the measurement properties of the BOT-2 among 446 children and adolescents with ID aged 4-18 years. Seventeen items were identified as problematic in the Rasch modeling. After removal of these items, the appropriateness of the response categories was examined in the 36 remaining items. Where the item response categories failed to express an increasing level of the trait (disordered thresholds), collapsing adjacent categories was performed to address this issue. After rescoring most items, items in each composite of the revised BOT-2 showed good fit to the Rasch model and demonstrated excellent reliability (range 0.90-0.97). No differential item functioning was detected with respect to age and gender. The ability of the revised composites to differentiate between mild versus moderate to severe ID was better than those of the original BOT-2. Items from the manual coordination and strength and agility composites were well targeted to the sample, whereas items from fine manual control and body coordination composites were mostly targeted at the lower levels of ability in these domains. Items of higher difficulty may be supplemented to increase the range of ability levels of the people to whom these two composites can be applied with precision.},
affiliation = {Department of Occupational Therapy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.},
number = {6},
pages = {1132--44},
volume = {30},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Disabled Children, Humans, Adolescent, Psychomotor Performance, Perceptual Disorders, Motor Skills Disorders, Mentally Disabled Persons, Child, Disability Evaluation, Motor Skills, Child: Preschool},
date-added = {2010-02-05 20:20:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-05 20:20:07 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2009.03.003},
pii = {S0891-4222(09)00055-9},
pmid = {19395233},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5129},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hofvander:2009p8925,
author = {Bj{\"o}rn Hofvander and Daniel Ossowski and Sebastian Lundstr{\"o}m and Henrik Anckars{\"a}ter},
journal = {Int J Law Psychiatry},
title = {Continuity of aggressive antisocial behavior from childhood to adulthood: The question of phenotype definition},
abstract = {Aiming to clarify the adult phenotype of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), the empirical literature on its childhood background among the disruptive behaviour disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), or hyperkinetic conduct disorder (HKCD), was reviewed according to the Robins and Guze criteria for nosological validity. At least half of hyperactive children develop ODD and about a third CD (i.e. AD/HD+CD or HKCD) before puberty. About half of children with this combined problem constellation develop antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in adulthood. Family and adoption/twin studies indicate that AD/HD and CD share a high heritability and that, in addition, there may be specific environmental effects for criminal behaviours. "Zones of rarity" delineating the disorders from each other, or from the normal variation, have not been identified. Neurophysiology, brain imaging, neurochemistry, neurocognition, or molecular genetics have not provided "external validity" for any of the diagnostic categories used today. Deficient mental functions, such as inattention, poor executive functions, poor verbal learning, and impaired social interaction (empathy), seem to form unspecific susceptibility factors. As none of today's proposed syndromes (e.g. AD/HD or psychopathy) seems to describe a natural category, a dimensional behavioural phenotype reflecting aggressive antisocial behaviours assessed by numbers of behaviours, the severity of their consequences and how early is their age at onset, which will be closely related to childhood hyperactivity, would bring conceptual clarity, and may form the basis for further probing into mental, cognitive, biological and treatment-related co-varying features.},
affiliation = {Forensic Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden. Bjorn.Hofvander@med.lu.se},
number = {4},
pages = {224--34},
volume = {32},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Conduct Disorder, Adolescent, Child, Phenotype, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Young Adult, Aggression, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:02:27 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 13:02:27 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.04.004},
pii = {S0160-2527(09)00047-8},
pmid = {19428109},
URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7W-4W80C96-1&_user=2432700&_coverDate=08%252F31%252F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000057263&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2432700&md5=02dbb972999b29fcd44a3cc7aa412418},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hofvander-2009-Int%20J%20Law%20Psychiatry_Continuity%20of%20aggres.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8925},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vermunt:2010p11749,
author = {J K Vermunt and J Magidson},
title = {Factor Analysis with Categorical Indicators: A Comparison Between Traditional and
Latent Class Approaches},
date-added = {2010-05-14 21:55:42 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-14 21:56:22 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vermunt--_Factor%20Analysis%20with.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11749},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Dickinson:2010p8338,
author = {Heather O Dickinson and Susan Hrisos and Martin P Eccles and Jill Francis and Marie Johnston},
journal = {Implementation science : IS},
title = {Statistical considerations in a systematic review of proxy measures of clinical behaviour},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Studies included in a related systematic review used a variety of statistical methods to summarise clinical behaviour and to compare proxy (or indirect) and direct (observed) methods of measuring it. The objective of the present review was to assess the validity of these statistical methods and make appropriate recommendations. METHODS: Electronic bibliographic databases were searched to identify studies meeting specified inclusion criteria. Potentially relevant studies were screened for inclusion independently by two reviewers. This was followed by systematic abstraction and categorization of statistical methods, as well as critical assessment of these methods. RESULTS: Fifteen reports (of 11 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen analysed individual clinical actions separately and presented a variety of summary statistics: sensitivity was available in eight reports and specificity in six, but four reports treated different actions interchangeably. Seven reports combined several actions into summary measures of behaviour: five reports compared means on direct and proxy measures using analysis of variance or t-tests; four reported the Pearson correlation; none compared direct and proxy measures over the range of their values. Four reports comparing individual items used appropriate statistical methods, but reports that compared summary scores did not. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend sensitivity and positive predictive value as statistics to assess agreement of direct and proxy measures of individual clinical actions. Summary measures should be reliable, repeatable, capture a single underlying aspect of behaviour, and map that construct onto a valid measurement scale. The relationship between the direct and proxy measures should be evaluated over the entire range of the direct measure and describe not only the mean of the proxy measure for any specific value of the direct measure, but also the range of variability of the proxy measure. The evidence about the relationship between direct and proxy methods of assessing clinical behaviour is weak.},
number = {1},
pages = {20},
volume = {5},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-21 12:40:08 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 12:40:08 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1748-5908-5-20},
pii = {1748-5908-5-20},
pmid = {20187923},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dickinson-2010-Implementation%20science%20IS_Statistical%20consider.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8338},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Crager:2010p1708,
author = {Michael R Crager},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Gene identification using true discovery rate degree of association sets and estimates corrected for regression to the mean},
abstract = {Analyses intended to identify genes with expression that is associated with some clinical outcome or state are often based on ranked p-values from tests of point null hypotheses of no association. Van de Wiel and Kim take the innovative approach of testing the interval null hypotheses that the degree of association for a gene is less than some value of interest against the alternative that it is greater. Combining this idea with the false discovery rate controlling methods of Storey, Taylor and Siegmund gives a computationally simple way to identify true discovery rate degree of association (TDRDA) sets of genes among which a specified proportion are expected to have an absolute association of a specified degree or more. This leads to a gene ranking method that uses the maximum lower bound degree of association for which each gene belongs to a TDRDA set. Estimates of each gene's actual degree of association with approximate correction for 'selection bias' due to regression to the mean (RM) can be derived using simple bivariate normal theory and Efron and Tibshirani's empirical Bayes approach. For a given data set, all possible TDRDA sets can be displayed along with the gene ranking and the RM-corrected estimates of degree of association in a concise graphical summary.},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics, Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA. MCrager@genomichealth.com},
number = {1},
pages = {33--45},
volume = {29},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-09 19:23:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 19:23:04 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.3789},
pmid = {19960511},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Crager-2010-Stat%20Med_Gene%20identification.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1708},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Peer:2008p3819,
author = {Itsik Pe'er and Roman Yelensky and David M Altshuler and Mark J Daly},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Estimation of the multiple testing burden for genomewide association studies of nearly all common variants},
abstract = {Genomewide association studies are an exciting strategy in genetics, recently becoming feasible and harvesting many novel genes linked to multiple phenotypes. Determining the significance of results in the face of testing a genomewide set of multiple hypotheses, most of which are producing noisy, null-distributed association signals, presents a challenge to the wide community of association researchers. Rather than each study engaging in independent evaluation of significance standards, we have undertaken the task of developing such standards for genomewide significance, based on data collected by the International Haplotype Map Consortium. We report an estimated testing burden of a million independent tests genomewide in Europeans, and twice that number in Africans. We further identify the sensitivity of the testing burden to the required significance level, with implications to staged design of association studies.},
affiliation = {Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.},
number = {4},
pages = {381--5},
volume = {32},
year = {2008},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, African Continental Ancestry Group, Biometry, Databases: Genetic, European Continental Ancestry Group, Humans, Models: Genetic, Epidemiologic Methods, Genetic Techniques, Genetic Variation},
date-added = {2010-01-16 21:01:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:21:03 +0200},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20303},
pmid = {18348202},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3819},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brant:2009p7615,
author = {Angela M Brant and Brett C Haberstick and Robin P Corley and Sally J Wadsworth and John C DeFries and John K Hewitt},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {The developmental etiology of high IQ},
abstract = {The genetic and environmental trends in IQ development were assessed in 483 same-sex twin pairs in the Colorado longitudinal twin study using maximum-likelihood model-fitting analysis. The twins were assessed periodically from ages 1 to 16. Results show a decreasing influence of shared environment and an increasing influence of heritability across development, with large and increasing age to age stability of genetic influences. Non-shared environment contributes almost exclusively to age to age change. Similar analyses were conducted designating the top 15% of the sample as having high IQ at each age. The developmental etiology of high IQ did not significantly differ from that found for the continuous measure in this relatively novel analysis. These results demonstrate early stability in etiological influences on IQ and have potential implications for gene-finding efforts, suggesting that samples selected for high IQ can be used to find genetic variation that will be applicable to the full range of the IQ distribution, although conclusive demonstration that the same genes are indeed involved was beyond the scope of this study.},
affiliation = {Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0447, USA. angela.brant@colorado.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {393--405},
volume = {39},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Twins: Dizygotic, Intelligence, Colorado, Genetic Variation, Prospective Studies, Models: Genetic, Adolescent, Male, Epistasis: Genetic, Longitudinal Studies, Twins: Monozygotic, Statistics as Topic, Age Factors, Child: Preschool, Child: Gifted, Female, Child, Phenotype, Social Environment, Infant, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:11:12 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-009-9268-x},
pmid = {19377873},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Brant-2009-Behav%20Genet_The%20developmental%20et.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7615},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hesse:2010p8327,
author = {Morten Hesse and Paul Moran},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
title = {Screening for personality disorder with the Standardised Assessment of Personality: Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): further evidence of concurrent validity},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The assessment of personality disorders (PD) is costly and time-consuming. There is a need for a brief screen for personality disorders that can be used in routine clinical settings and epidemiological surveys. Aims: To test the validity of the Standardised Assessment of Personality: Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS) as a screen for PD in a clinical sample of substance abusers. METHODS: Convergent validity of the SAPAS with both categorical and dimensional representations of personality disorders was estimated. RESULTS: In this sample, the SAPAS correlated well with dimensional representations of cluster A and C personality disorders, even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, anxiety/depression symptoms and recent substance use. The SAPAS was also significantly associated with total number of PD criteria, although correlation with categorical measures of PD was weak. CONCLUSIONS: The SAPAS is an valid brief screen for PD as assessed dimensionally.},
affiliation = {Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark. mh@crf.au.dk},
pages = {10},
volume = {10},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-21 12:33:08 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 12:33:08 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-10-10},
pii = {1471-244X-10-10},
pmid = {20109169},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hesse-2010-BMC%20Psychiatry_Screening%20for%20person.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8327},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Boddaert:2009p6145,
author = {Nathalie Boddaert and M{\^o}nica Zilbovicius and Anne Philipe and Laurence Robel and Marie Bourgeois and Catherine Barth{\'e}lemy and David Seidenwurm and Isabelle Meresse and Laurence Laurier and Isabelle Desguerre and Nadia Bahi-Buisson and Francis Brunelle and Arnold Munnich and Yves Samson and Marie-Christine Mouren and Nadia Chabane},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
title = {MRI findings in 77 children with non-syndromic autistic disorder},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The clinical relevance of MR scanning in children with autism is still an open question and must be considered in light of the evolution of this technology. MRI was judged to be of insufficient value to be included in the standard clinical evaluation of autism according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Neurology and Child Neurology Society in 2000. However, this statement was based on results obtained from small samples of patients and, more importantly, included mostly insufficient MRI sequences. Our main objective was to evaluate the prevalence of brain abnormalities in a large group of children with a non-syndromic autistic disorder (AD) using T1, T2 and FLAIR MRI sequences. METHODOLOGY: MRI inspection of 77 children and adolescents with non-syndromic AD (mean age 7.4+/-3.6) was performed. All met the DSM-IV and ADI -R criteria for autism. Based on recommended clinical and biological screenings, we excluded patients with infectious, metabolic or genetic diseases, seizures or any other neurological symptoms. Identical MRI inspections of 77 children (mean age 7.0+/-4.2) without AD, developmental or neurological disorders were also performed. All MRIs were acquired with a 1.5-T Signa GE (3-D T1-FSPGR, T2, FLAIR coronal and axial sequences). Two neuroradiologists independently inspected cortical and sub-cortical regions. MRIs were reported to be normal, abnormal or uninterpretable. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: MRIs were judged as uninterpretable in 10% (8/77) of the cases. In 48% of the children (33/69 patients), abnormalities were reported. Three predominant abnormalities were observed, including white matter signal abnormalities (19/69), major dilated Virchow-Robin spaces (12/69) and temporal lobe abnormalities (20/69). In all, 52% of the MRIs were interpreted as normal (36/69 patients). CONCLUSIONS: An unexpectedly high rate of MRI abnormalities was found in the first large series of clinical MRI investigations in non-syndromic autism. These results could contribute to further etiopathogenetic research into autism.},
affiliation = {INSERM-CEA U 797, Service Hospitalier Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot, CEA, Orsay, France. nathalie.boddaert@nck.aphp.fr},
number = {2},
pages = {e4415},
volume = {4},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Female, Demography, Brain Mapping, Autistic Disorder, Syndrome, Child, Temporal Lobe, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male},
date-added = {2010-02-19 20:11:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 20:11:03 +0100},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0004415},
pmid = {19204795},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Boddaert-2009-PLoS%20ONE_MRI%20findings%20in%2077%20c.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6145},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ji:2010p12745,
author = {Shuang Ji and Qi Long and D Jeffrey Newport and Hyeji Na and Bettina Knight and Elizabeth B Zach and Natalie J Morris and Michael Kutner and Zachary N Stowe},
journal = {J Psychiatr Res},
title = {Validity of depression rating scales during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Impact of trimester and parity},
abstract = {The objective of the current study was to delineate the optimal cutpoints for depression rating scales during pregnancy and the postpartum period and to assess the perinatal factors influencing these scores. Women participating in prospective investigations of maternal mental illness were enrolled prior to 28 weeks gestation and followed through 6 months postpartum. At each visit, subjects completed self-rated depression scales - Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and clinician-rated scales - Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD(17) and HRSD(21)). These scores were compared to the SCID Mood Module for the presence of fulfilling diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode (MDE) during 6 perinatal windows: preconception; first trimester; 2nd trimester; 3rd trimester; early postpartum; and later postpartum. Optimal cutpoints were determined by maximizing the sum of each scale's sensitivity and specificity. Stratified ROC analyses determined the impact of previous pregnancy and comparison of initial to follow-up visits. A total of 534 women encompassing 640 pregnancies and 4025 follow-up visits were included. ROC analysis demonstrated that all 4 scales were highly predictive of MDE. The AUCs ranged from 0.857 to 0.971 and were all highly significant (p < .0001). Optimal cutpoints were higher at initial visits and for multigravidas and demonstrated more variability for the self-rated scales. These data indicate that both clinician-rated and self-rated scales can be effective tools in identifying perinatal episodes of major depression. However, the results also suggest that prior childbirth experiences and the use of scales longitudinally across the perinatal period influence optimal cutpoints.},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Jun},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-06-15 22:49:25 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-15 22:49:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.017},
pii = {S0022-3956(10)00177-9},
pmid = {20542520},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ji-2010-J%20Psychiatr%20Res_Validity%20of%20depressi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12745},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Seldin:2006p10039,
author = {Michael F Seldin and Russell Shigeta and Pablo Villoslada and Carlo Selmi and Jaakko Tuomilehto and Gabriel Silva and John W Belmont and Lars Klareskog and Peter K Gregersen},
journal = {PLoS Genet},
title = {European population substructure: clustering of northern and southern populations},
abstract = {Using a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, we observed population structure in a diverse group of Europeans and European Americans. Under a variety of conditions and tests, there is a consistent and reproducible distinction between "northern" and "southern" European population groups: most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Greek) have >85% membership in the "southern" population; and most northern, western, eastern, and central Europeans have >90% in the "northern" population group. Ashkenazi Jewish as well as Sephardic Jewish origin also showed >85% membership in the "southern" population, consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups. Based on this work, we have developed a core set of informative SNP markers that can control for this partition in European population structure in a variety of clinical and genetic studies.},
affiliation = {Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America. mfseldin@ucdavis.edu},
number = {9},
pages = {e143},
volume = {2},
year = {2006},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {New York, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetics: Population, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Lactase, Jews, Gene Frequency, Genetic Markers, Cluster Analysis, Europe, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Arthritis: Rheumatoid},
date-added = {2010-03-31 20:11:50 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-03-31 20:11:50 +0200},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.0020143},
pii = {06-PLGE-RA-0168R2},
pmid = {17044734},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Seldin-2006-PLoS%20Genet_European%20population.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10039},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Coons:2007p8809,
author = {Stephen Joel Coons},
journal = {Clin Ther},
title = {Health-related quality of life: let's measure and report it appropriately},
number = {12},
pages = {2746--7},
volume = {29},
year = {2007},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {United States Food and Drug Administration, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Endpoint Determination, United States, Patient Satisfaction, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-22 12:10:09 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:23:20 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.12.031},
pii = {S0149-2918(07)00418-3},
pmid = {18201592},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Coons-2007-Clin%20Ther_Health-related%20quali.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8809},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Edwards:2008p4218,
author = {Todd L Edwards and William S Bush and Stephen D Turner and Scott M Dudek and Eric S Torstenson and Mike Schmidt and Eden Martin and Marylyn D Ritchie},
journal = {Lect Notes Comput Sci},
title = {Generating Linkage Disequilibrium Patterns in Data Simulations using genomeSIMLA},
abstract = {Whole-genome association (WGA) studies are becoming a common tool for the exploration of the genetic components of common disease. The analysis of such large scale data presents unique analytical challenges, including problems of multiple testing, correlated independent variables, and large multivariate model spaces. These issues have prompted the development of novel computational approaches. Thorough, extensive simulation studies are a necessity for methods development work to evaluate the power and validity of novel approaches. Many data simulation packages exist, however, the resulting data is often overly simplistic and does not compare to the complexity of real data; especially with respect to linkage disequilibrium (LD). To overcome this limitation, we have developed genomeSIMLA. GenomeSIMLA is a forward-time population simulation method that can simulate realistic patterns of LD in both family-based and case-control datasets. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how LD patterns of the simulated data change under different population growth curve parameter initialization settings. These results provide guidelines to simulate WGA datasets whose properties resemble the HapMap.},
affiliation = {Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology {\&} Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA, edwards@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu , bush@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu , stephen@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu , dudek@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu , torstenson@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu , ritchie@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu.},
number = {2008},
pages = {24--35},
volume = {4973},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-01-21 08:13:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-21 08:13:23 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-78757-0_3},
pmid = {19779634},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Edwards-2008-Lect%20Notes%20Comput%20Sci_Generating%20Linkage%20D.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4218},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Meagher:2010p7657,
author = {M W Meagher and A N Sieve and R R Johnson and D Satterlee and M Belyavskyi and W Mi and T W Prentice and T H Welsh and C J R Welsh},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {Neonatal maternal separation alters immune, endocrine, and behavioral responses to acute theiler's virus infection in adult mice},
abstract = {Previous studies have established a link between adverse early life events and subsequent disease vulnerability. The present study assessed the long-term effects of neonatal maternal separation on the response to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection, a model of multiple sclerosis. Balb/cJ mouse pups were separated from their dam for 180-min/day (180-min MS), 15-min/day (15-min MS), or left undisturbed from postnatal days 2-14. During adolescence, mice were infected with Theiler's virus and sacrificed at days 14, 21, or 35 post-infection. Prolonged 180-min MS increased viral load and delayed viral clearance in the spinal cords of males and females, whereas brief 15-min MS increased the rate of viral clearance in females. The 15-min and 180-min MS mice exhibited blunted corticosterone responses during infection, suggesting that reduced HPA sensitivity may have altered the immune response to infection. These findings demonstrate that early life events alter vulnerability to CNS infection later in life. Therefore, this model could be used to study gene-environment interactions that contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases of the CNS.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Texas A{\&}M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4235, USA. M-Meagher@tamu.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {233--49},
volume = {40},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:25:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-010-9333-5},
pmid = {20135342},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Meagher-2010-Behav%20Genet_Neonatal%20maternal%20se.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7657},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tang:1996p11592,
author = {K L Tang},
journal = {TOEFL Monograph Series},
title = {Polytomous item response theory and their applications in large-scale testing programs: Review of litterature},
number = {2},
year = {1996},
date-added = {2010-05-09 21:14:38 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-09 21:15:43 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tang-1996-TOEFL%20Monograph%20Series_Polytomous%20item%20resp.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11592},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Benaglia:2009p3198,
author = {T Benaglia and D Chauveau and D R Hunter and D S Young},
title = {mixtools: An R Package for Analyzing Finite Mixture Models},
abstract = {The mixtools package for the R statistical software (R Development Core Team, 2008) provides a set of functions for analyzing a variety of finite mixture models. These functions include both traditional methods, such as EM algorithms for univariate and multivariate normal mixtures, and newer methods that reflect some recent research in finite mixture models. In the latter category, mixtools provides algorithms for estimating parameters in a wide range of different mixture-of-regression contexts, in multinomial mixtures such as those arising from discretizing continuous multivariate data, in nonparametric situations where the multivariate component densities are completely unspecified, and in semiparametric situations such as a univariate location mixture of symmetric but otherwise unspecified densities. Many of the algorithms of the mixtools package are EM algorithms or are based on EM-like ideas, so this article includes an overview of EM algorithms for finite mixture models.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-14 20:57:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 20:58:07 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Benaglia-2009-_mixtools%20An%20R%20Packa.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3198},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gentleman:2004p3297,
author = {R Gentleman and D T Lang},
journal = {Bioconductor Project Working Papers},
title = {Statistical Analyses and Reproducible Research},
abstract = {For various reasons, it is important, if not essential, to integrate the computa- tions and code used in data analyses, methodological descriptions, simulations, etc. with the documents that describe and rely on them. This integration allows readers to both verify and adapt the statements in the documents. Authors can easily reproduce them in the future, and they can present the document's con- tents in a different medium, e.g. with interactive controls. This paper describes a software framework for authoring and distributing these integrated, dynamic doc- uments that contain text, code, data, and any auxiliary content needed to recreate the computations. The documents are dynamic in that the contents, including figures, tables, etc., can be recalculated each time a view of the document is gen- erated. Our model treats a dynamic document as a master or ``source'' document from which one can generate different views in the form of traditional, derived documents for different audiences.
We introduce the concept of a compendium as both a container for the different elements that make up the document and its computations (i.e. text, code, data, ...), and as a means for distributing, managing and updating the collection.
The step from disseminating analyses via a compendium to reproducible research is a small one. By reproducible research, we mean research papers with accom- panying software tools that allow the reader to directly reproduce the results and employ the methods that are presented in the research paper. Some of the issues in- volved in paradigms for the production, distribution and use of such reproducible research are discussed.},
number = {2},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-01-14 21:26:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:19:07 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gentleman-2004-Bioconductor%20Project%20Working%20Papers_Statistical%20Analyses.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3297},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Petridou:2006,
author = {Alexandra Petridou and Julian Williams},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Instability of person misfit and ability estimates subject to assessment modality},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Petridou-2006-Miscellaneous_Instability%20of%20perso.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1932},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sullivan:2000p6662,
author = {M D Sullivan and G I Kempen and E Van Sonderen and J Ormel},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {Models of health-related quality of life in a population of community-dwelling Dutch elderly},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Though health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is now commonly measured as an outcome in clinical trials, the relationships between its components remain unclear. The relation of physical symptoms, physical function, and psychological symptoms to each other and to overall quality of life is of special interest. METHOD: Cross-sectional data from 5,279 community-dwelling elders who participated in the Groningen Longitudinal Aging Study were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Three models were examined. One "Linear" model included: number of chronic medical conditions, physical symptoms, physical functioning, activity interference, social function, perceived health and overall quality of life in a simple linear progression. Another 'non-linear' model included these variables, but allowed effects between non-adjacent variables. A third 'non-linear' model included these variables plus anxiety and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The Linear Model did not satisfactorily account for the observed data [X2(15df) = 2946.96], so the saturated Non-Linear Model, incorporating paths between non-adjacent components, is described. When anxiety and depressive symptoms were added to this Non-Linear Model, they fit best in a position mediating the relation between perceived health and overall quality of life [X2(5df) = 136.78]. CONCLUSIONS: Overall quality of life appears to be related to symptom status as directly as it is related to functional status. Anxiety and depressive symptoms appear to mediate the relation between general health perceptions and overall quality of life. Quality of life measures should therefore include assessments of physical and psychological symptom severity as well as functional status if they are to truly reflect what matters to patients. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) measure used by the WHO may inadequately reflect the effect of symptoms on patient's quality of life.},
affiliation = {Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. sullimar@u.washington.edu},
number = {7},
pages = {801--10},
volume = {9},
year = {2000},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Chi-Square Distribution, Health Status, Female, Linear Models, Middle Aged, Aging, Netherlands, Male, Aged, Humans, Quality of Life, Depression, Longitudinal Studies, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies},
date-added = {2010-03-03 20:43:40 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:29 +0200},
pmid = {11297022},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sullivan-2000-Qual%20Life%20Res_Models%20of%20health-rel.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6662},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Diehr:2006p3304,
author = {P Diehr and L Chen and D L Patrick and Z Feng and Y Yasui},
journal = {UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series},
title = {Reliability, Effect Size, and Responsiveness and Intraclass
Correlation of Health Status Measures Used in Randomized and Cluster-Randomized Trials},
abstract = {Background: New health status instruments are described by psychometric properties, such as Reliability, Effect Size, and Responsiveness. For cluster- randomized trials, another important statistic is the Intraclass Correlation for the instrument within clusters. Studies using better instruments can be per- formed with smaller sample sizes, but better instruments may be more expen- sive in terms of dollars, lost opportunities, or poorer data quality due to the response burden of longer instruments. Investigators often need to estimate the psychometric properties of a new instrument, or of an established instrument in a new setting. Optimal sample sizes for estimating these properties have not been studied in detail.
Methods: We examined the power of a two-sample test as a function of the Reliability, Effect Size, Responsiveness, and Intraclass Correlation of the instru- ment. We calculated the ``cost-effectiveness'' of using a 1-item versus a 5-item measure of mental health status. We also used simulation to determine formu- las for the sample size needed to estimate the psychometric statistics accurately.
Findings: Under the usual model for measurement error, the psychometric statistics are all functions of the same error term. In randomized trials, a poorer instrument can achieve the desired power if the number of persons per treat- ment group is increased. In cluster-randomized trials, adequate power may be obtained by increasing the number of clusters per treatment group (and often the number of persons per cluster), as well as by choosing a better instrument. The 1-item measure of mental health status may be more cost-effective than the 5-item measure in some settings. Most published psychometric values are situation-specific. Very large samples are required to estimate Responsiveness and the Intraclass Correlation accurately.
Conclusion: If the goal is to diagnose or refer individual patients, an instru- ment with high Validity and Reliability is needed. In settings where the sample sizes can be increased easily, less reliable instruments may be cost-effective. It is likely that many values of published psychometric statistics were derived from samples too small to provide accurate values, or are importantly specific to the setting in which they were derived.
Note: A paper based on some of the material in this technical report has been published. (Diehr P, Chen L, Patrick D, Feng Z, Yasui Y. Reliability, effect size, and responsiveness of health status measures in the design of randomized and cluster-randomized trials. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2005; 26:45-58. B). That paper does not include the material on estimating the sample size required to provide an accurate estimate of the reliability of a new instrument. That material is included in this technical report.},
number = {284},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-14 21:31:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 19:39:32 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Diehr-2006-UW%20Biostatistics%20Working%20Paper%20Series_Reliability%20Effect.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3304},
read = {Yes},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Wickham:2006p10900,
author = {H Wickham and H Hofmann and D Cook},
title = {Exploring cluster analysis},
abstract = {This paper presents a set of tools to explore the re- sults of cluster analysis. We use R to cluster the data, and explore it with textual summaries and static graph- ics. Using Rggobi2 we have linked R to GGobi so that we can use the dynamic and interactive graphics ca- pabilities of GGobi. We then use these tools to inves- tigate clustering results from the three major families of clustering algorithms.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-04-11 13:47:24 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-11 09:35:52 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wickham-2006-_Exploring%20cluster%20an.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10900},
read = {Yes},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Regnault:2007p2323,
author = {A R{\'e}gnault},
title = {M{\'e}thodes quantitatives pour l'{\'e}valuation de la validit{\'e} interculturelle des instruments de mesure subjective {\'e}valu{\'e}e par les patients},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 12:48:47 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 12:49:55 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/R%C3%A9gnault-2007-_M%C3%A9thodes%20quantitativ.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2323},
rating = {0}
}

@inbook{Schober:1999,
author = {MF Schober},
journal = {Book},
title = {Cognition and survey research},
chapter = {Making sense of questions: An interactional approach},
pages = {77--93},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p997},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vittinghoff:2007p4736,
author = {Eric Vittinghoff and Charles E McCulloch},
journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
title = {Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and Cox regression},
abstract = {The rule of thumb that logistic and Cox models should be used with a minimum of 10 outcome events per predictor variable (EPV), based on two simulation studies, may be too conservative. The authors conducted a large simulation study of other influences on confidence interval coverage, type I error, relative bias, and other model performance measures. They found a range of circumstances in which coverage and bias were within acceptable levels despite less than 10 EPV, as well as other factors that were as influential as or more influential than EPV. They conclude that this rule can be relaxed, in particular for sensitivity analyses undertaken to demonstrate adequate control of confounding.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. eric@biostat.ucsf.edu},
number = {6},
pages = {710--8},
volume = {165},
year = {2007},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Bias (Epidemiology), Case-Control Studies, Prevalence, Sensitivity and Specificity, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Proportional Hazards Models, Sample Size, Logistic Models, Predictive Value of Tests, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Humans, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Factor Analysis: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-01-30 16:23:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 16:23:02 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwk052},
pii = {kwk052},
pmid = {17182981},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vittinghoff-2007-Am%20J%20Epidemiol_Relaxing%20the%20rule%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4736},
rating = {0}
}

@article{DiStefano:2005p1756,
author = {J Di Stefano and F Fidler and G Cumming},
title = {Effect size estimates and confidence intervals: An alternative focus for the presentation and interpretation of ecological data},
abstract = {Since the development and popularisation of statistical science during the 1930s, the uptake of statistical hypothesis tests in major science disciplines like psychology, medicine and biology has been rapid. Hypothesis tests did not become common in the ecological literature until the 1960s but, since then, testing zero null hypotheses and using P-values to make dichotomous decisions about rejecting them has become routine. Recent surveys of the ecological literature show that P-values are reported in the vast majority of published research articles.
We believe that the focus on tests of zero null hypotheses and the reliance on P-values is inappropriate and argue that ecological data are more relevant to both ecologists and applied users if a priori sample size determination procedures are conducted, and effect size estimates and their associated confidence intervals are used to present results. We report evidence that effect sizes, associated uncertainty estimates and sample size calculations are missing from a large number of publications in two leading conservation biology journals. An overwhelming majority (92%) of surveyed articles reported P-values, but only 3% of these reported statistical power. Furthermore, many articles were missing at least one estimate of effect size (43%) or measure of variance (67%). Confidence intervals were reported in only 19% of articles and, when reported, were often inadequately interpreted.
An ecological data set is analysed using both P-values and confidence intervals, and the results from these two approached compared. We also demonstrate a novel precision-based approach for a priori sample size calculations that is consistent with the philosophy of interval estimation. Although we advocate the use of confidence intervals, recent research shows that they are often incorrectly interpreted. Two major problems are (a) under estimation of the degree to which two confidence intervals must overlap before their associated means are statistically different and (b) overestimation of the proportion of future means enclosed by a sample interval. We provide guidelines for the interpretation and presentation of confidence intervals so that users of ecological data can make the most of the information they contain.},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-09 21:10:43 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 21:11:47 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Di%20Stefano-2005-_Effect%20size%20estimate.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1756},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Chakravarty:2007p5959,
author = {Eliza F Chakravarty and Jakob B Bjorner and James F Fries},
journal = {J Rheumatol},
title = {Improving patient reported outcomes using item response theory and computerized adaptive testing},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Patient reported outcomes (PRO) are considered central outcome measures for both clinical trials and observational studies in rheumatology. More sophisticated statistical models, including item response theory

repository: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

repo_name: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

gha_license_id: MIT