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Number-of-Cited-References = {{99}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{Sci Rep}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{IT6WN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000483017100075}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000482983200001,
Author = {Slominski, Anthony H. and Burkle, Laura A.},
Title = {{Solitary Bee Life History Traits and Sex Mediate Responses to
   Manipulated Seasonal Temperatures and Season Length}},
Journal = {{FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{7}},
Month = {{AUG 28}},
Abstract = {{The effects of climate change on solitary bee species, the most diverse
   and abundant group of wild pollinators, remain poorly understood,
   limiting our ability to forecast consequences for bee-plant interactions
   and pollination services. Life history traits, such as overwintering
   life stage, sex, and body size may influence solitary bee responses to
   climate change by mediating the effects of temperature on physiological
   processes spanning fall, winter, and spring. Yet, most studies assessing
   the effects of temperature on solitary bees have focused on managed
   species and have isolated the effects of winter temperature. Here, we
   reared male and female individuals representing eight cavity-nesting
   solitary bee species that overwinter either as adults (i.e., Osmia spp.)
   or prepupae (i.e., Megachile spp.). Eight rearing treatments were used,
   in which we manipulated fall and spring temperature, fall duration, and
   the timing of spring onset. We measured pre-emergence mortality,
   pre-emergence weight loss, emergence timing, and post-emergence
   lifespan. We found that Osmia spp. responded primarily to the timing of
   spring onset, whereas Megachile spp. responded primarily to spring
   temperature. Early-spring onset increased both pre-emergence mortality
   and pre-emergence weight loss and reduced post-emergence lifespan in
   Osmia spp. In addition, treatments caused unequal shifts in the timing
   of emergence between male and female Osmia spp. By contrast, warmer
   spring temperature decreased weight loss, and increased lifespan in
   Megachile spp. These findings suggest that Osmia spp. may be more
   vulnerable to negative fitness consequences of climate change compared
   to Megachile spp., and that climate change may have implications for
   population-level sex-ratios and mating success in species of Osmia. This
   work helps build a mechanistic understanding of how life histories may
   mediate solitary bee responses to climate change, and how these
   responses may impact solitary bee fitness and plant-bee interactions.}},
Publisher = {{FRONTIERS MEDIA SA}},
Address = {{AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Slominski, AH (Corresponding Author), Montana State Univ, Ecol Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   Slominski, Anthony H.; Burkle, Laura A., Montana State Univ, Ecol Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.3389/fevo.2019.00314}},
Article-Number = {{314}},
ISSN = {{2296-701X}},
Keywords = {{climate change; pollinators; overwinter; emergence; weight loss;
   lifespan}},
Keywords-Plus = {{MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA HYMENOPTERA; OSMIA-LIGNARIA HYMENOPTERA;
   PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; BODY-SIZE; PHENOLOGICAL CHANGE; PROPINQUA
   CRESSON; INSECT DIAPAUSE; EMERGENCE TIME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{anthony.slominski@montana.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Montana Academy of Science; Montana Institute on Ecosystems; Montana
   State University}},
Funding-Text = {{Montana Academy of Science, Montana Institute on Ecosystems, and Montana
   State University.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{79}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
Journal-ISO = {{Front. Ecol. Evol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{IT6KS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000482983200001}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000483608100001,
Author = {Bertrand, Colette and Eckerter, Philipp W. and Ammann, Lolita and
   Entling, Martin H. and Gobet, Erika and Herzog, Felix and Mestre, Laia
   and Tinner, Willy and Albrecht, Matthias},
Title = {{Seasonal shifts and complementary use of pollen sources by two bees, a
   lacewing and a ladybeetle species in European agricultural landscapes}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{56}},
Number = {{11}},
Pages = {{2431-2442}},
Month = {{NOV}},
Abstract = {{Continuous availability of food resources, such as pollen, is vital for
   many insects that provide pollination and pest control services to
   agriculture. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the shared or
   complementary use of floral resources by such species, which hampers
   more effective landscape management to simultaneously promote them in
   agroecosystems. Here, we simultaneously quantified pollen use by a
   bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) and a mason bee (Osmia bicornis), two bee
   species recognized as important crop pollinators, as well as a lacewing
   (Chrysoperla carnea) and a ladybeetle species (Harmonia axyridis), both
   common predators of crop aphids, throughout the season in 23
   agricultural landscapes in Germany and Switzerland. Pollen diets were
   more diverse and similar among C. carnea and H. axyridis compared to the
   two bee species, but all four species shared key pollen types early in
   the season such as Acer, Quercus, Salix and Prunus. All species
   exhibited a pronounced shift in pollen sources from primarily woody
   plants (mainly trees) in spring to primarily herbaceous plants in
   summer. The majority of pollen (overall >= 64\%) came from
   non-agricultural plants even in crop-dominated landscapes. Synthesis and
   applications. Our results highlight the importance of trees as pollen
   sources for many insect species, particularly early in the season. Our
   findings support incentives that promote heterogeneous agricultural
   landscapes including both woody and herbaceous semi-natural habitats,
   ensuring phenological complementarity of floral resources for insect
   species that can provide pollination and pest control services to
   agriculture. The identified key plant species can help to design and
   optimize agri-environment schemes to promote these functionally
   important insects.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Bertrand, C (Corresponding Author), Agroscope, Agroecol \& Environm, Zurich, Switzerland.
   Bertrand, C (Corresponding Author), Univ Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR ECOSYS 1402, Versailles, France.
   Bertrand, Colette; Ammann, Lolita; Herzog, Felix; Albrecht, Matthias, Agroscope, Agroecol \& Environm, Zurich, Switzerland.
   Bertrand, Colette, Univ Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR ECOSYS 1402, Versailles, France.
   Eckerter, Philipp W.; Entling, Martin H.; Mestre, Laia, Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, Landau Pfalz, Germany.
   Gobet, Erika; Tinner, Willy, Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Bern, Switzerland.
   Gobet, Erika; Tinner, Willy, Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2664.13483}},
Early Access Date = {{AUG 2019}},
ISSN = {{0021-8901}},
EISSN = {{1365-2664}},
Keywords = {{bumblebee; floral resources; foraging habitat; landscape resources;
   mason bee; pollen diet; resource specialization}},
Keywords-Plus = {{HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; COLONY GROWTH; WILD BEES; HABITATS; SPECIALIZATION;
   RESOURCES; PREFERENCES; PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{colette.bertrand@inra.fr}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Entling, Martin H/C-6953-2008
   Tinner, Willy/F-6727-2013
   Herzog, Felix/B-1911-2009
   Mestre, Laia/M-1058-2016}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Tinner, Willy/0000-0001-7352-0144
   Entling, Martin H./0000-0002-3947-6407
   Herzog, Felix/0000-0001-9472-4891
   Mestre, Laia/0000-0001-7314-7546}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen
   ForschungAustrian Science Fund (FWF) {[}6571210]; Deutsche
   ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG) {[}EN 979/3-1]}},
Funding-Text = {{Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen
   Forschung, Grant/Award Number: 6571210; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,
   Grant/Award Number: EN 979/3-1}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{59}},
Times-Cited = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{JK2TK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000483608100001}},
OA = {{Green Published, Other Gold}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000483779900001,
Author = {Thompson, Helen and Schneider, Christof and Maus, Christian and Camata,
   Camila and Wolf, Carolina},
Title = {{Prevalence and abundance of bees visiting major conventionally-managed
   agricultural crops in Brazil}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{59}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{246-260}},
Month = {{MAR 14}},
Abstract = {{This study brings together data from a series of local pollinator
   surveys undertaken in major conventionally-managed agricultural crops in
   Brazil to determine the presence and abundance of bees visiting flowers
   within crops compared with adjacent off-crop habitats. Surveys were
   undertaken within crops and in adjacent off-crop areas using broadly the
   same methodology in flowering soybean, drybean, maize, citrus, coffee,
   rice, and cotton and in sugarcane immediately after harvest. The bee
   species present were assessed twice per day at three times during crop
   flowering (post-harvest for sugar-cane). Pan traps were used to collect
   species present within the crop and off-crop twice per day. Drybeans,
   citrus, and coffee flowers displayed a consistent medium to high
   abundance of honey bees based on effort-adjusted transect and spot
   counts. In contrast, fields with flowering soybeans and cotton showed
   in-crop lower abundance and rice, corn, and harvested sugar cane showed
   consistently low numbers or no honey bees. In almost all cases honey
   bees were the most prevalent and abundant flower visitors within the
   studied crops. Where non-Apis bees were observed they often belong to
   the Meliponini (primarily Trigona) or the genera Bombus or Xylocopa. The
   off-crop assessments of species presence using pan traps showed a far
   wider diversity of species with greater proportional representation of
   solitary bee species. Overall, whilst honey bees accounted for the
   majority of observed bees visiting flowers in the agricultural fields,
   the off-crop habitat contained a greater abundance and diversity of
   non-Apis bee populations.}},
Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
Address = {{2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Thompson, H (Corresponding Author), Jealotts Hill Int Res Stn, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berks, England.
   Thompson, Helen, Jealotts Hill Int Res Stn, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berks, England.
   Schneider, Christof, BASF Se, Limburgerhof, Germany.
   Maus, Christian, Bayer CropSci AG, Bayer Bee Care Ctr, Monheim, Germany.
   Camata, Camila, Syngenta, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
   Wolf, Carolina, BASF SA, Sao Paulo, Brazil.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/00218839.2019.1655132}},
Early Access Date = {{AUG 2019}},
ISSN = {{0021-8839}},
EISSN = {{2078-6913}},
Keywords = {{pollinators; Brazil; agriculture; survey}},
Keywords-Plus = {{WILD POLLINATORS; COTTON}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{Helen.Thompson@Syngenta.com}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{BASF SE; Bayer CropScience AGBayer AG; Syngenta}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by BASF SE, Bayer CropScience AG and Syngenta.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{13}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Apic. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KH7FG}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000483779900001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000483779000001,
Author = {Bravi, Maria E. and Alvarez, Leopoldo J. and Lucia, Mariano and
   Pecoraro, I, Marcelo R. and Genchi Garcia, Maria L. and Reynaldi,
   Francisco J.},
Title = {{Wild bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) as a potential reservoir
   for bee pathogens in northeastern Argentina}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{58}},
Number = {{5}},
Pages = {{710-713}},
Month = {{OCT 20}},
Abstract = {{The genus Bombus is represented by 38 subgenera around the world with
   nearly 250 described species. They are among the most efficient insect
   pollinators and therefore important to the ecology and the economy. In
   Argentina, this genus it is represented by eight native and two
   introduced species. Several bee pathogens related to colony losses have
   been found in wild pollinators around the world, including bumble bees.
   We studied the presence of these pathogens in bumble bee species from
   different locations in northeastern Argentina to determine their
   relationship with prevalent bee pathogens previously detected in the
   country. We collected 93 specimens of three bumble bee species and
   screened them for eleven honey bee pathogens. We detected Nosema
   ceranae, Ascosphaera apis, Melisococcus plutonius, and four viruses.
   Sixteen samples were pathogen-free and 77 samples contained one or more
   pathogens. If bumble bees are a potential reservoir for bee pathogens,
   this could lead to the development of Emerging Infection Diseases in
   wild bees. However, further studies are required to confirm this
   assumption and to determine the direction of the spillover between wild
   and managed bees.}},
Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
Address = {{2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lucia, M (Corresponding Author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient \& Tecn, CCT, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
   Lucia, M (Corresponding Author), UNLP, Museo La Plata, Div Entomol, Unidades Invest FCNyM, Edificio Anexo Museo, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
   Bravi, Maria E.; Pecoraro, Marcelo R., I; Genchi Garcia, Maria L.; Reynaldi, Francisco J., UNLP, FCV UNLP, Lab Virol, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
   Bravi, Maria E.; Alvarez, Leopoldo J.; Lucia, Mariano; Reynaldi, Francisco J., Consejo Nacl Invest Cient \& Tecn, CCT, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
   Alvarez, Leopoldo J.; Lucia, Mariano, UNLP, Museo La Plata, Div Entomol, Unidades Invest FCNyM, Edificio Anexo Museo, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
   Genchi Garcia, Maria L., Comis Invest Cient Prov Buenos Aires, CIC, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/00218839.2019.1655183}},
Early Access Date = {{AUG 2019}},
ISSN = {{0021-8839}},
EISSN = {{2078-6913}},
Keywords = {{Bombus; Nosema; Melissococcus plutonius; Ascosphaera apis; viruses}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NOSEMA-CERANAE; STINGLESS BEES; VIRUSES; APIS; PREVALENCE; HONEYBEES;
   LARVAE}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{mlucia@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lucia, Mariano/AAQ-7404-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Lucia, Mariano/0000-0001-8019-6768
   Bravi, Maria Emilia/0000-0002-3748-5166
   Genchi Garcia, Maria Laura/0000-0002-1996-1595}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{CONICETConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas
   (CONICET) {[}PIP 0726 2015-2017]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
   Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina (CONICET)Consejo Nacional de
   Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); FONCyTFONCyT {[}1846]}},
Funding-Text = {{The study was financed by PIP 0726 2015-2017 (CONICET) and PICT 2016/No
   1846 (FONCyT). ML, FR, and LA are supported by Consejo Nacional de
   Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina (CONICET).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Apic. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{JB3US}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000483779000001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000482346500001,
Author = {Ryder, Jordan T. and Cherrill, Andrew and Prew, Richard and Shaw, Jenna
   and Thorbek, Pernille and Walters, Keith F. A.},
Title = {{Impact of enhanced Osmia bicornis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
   populations on pollination and fruit quality in commercial sweet cherry
   (Prunus avium L.) orchards}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{59}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{77-87}},
Month = {{JAN 1}},
Abstract = {{The impact on pollination of supplementing wild pollinators with
   commercially reared Osmia bicornis in commercial orchards growing the
   self-fertile sweet cherry variety ``Stella{''} was investigated in each
   of two years. The quality characteristics used by retailers to determine
   market value of fruit were compared when insect pollination was by wild
   pollinators only, or wild pollinators supplemented with O. bicornis
   released at recommended commercial rates. No effect of treatment on the
   number of fruit set or subsequent rate of growth was recorded. However,
   supplemented pollination resulted in earlier fruit set when compared to
   pollination by wild pollinators alone and offered the potential benefit
   of a larger proportion of the crop reaching optimum quality within a
   narrower time range, resulting in more consistent produce. Retailers use
   five key quality criteria in assessment of market value of cherries (the
   weight of individual fruit, width at the widest point, fruit colour,
   sugar content and firmness). Price paid to growers depends both on
   meeting the criteria and consistency between fruit in these
   characteristics. In both years, the commercial criteria were met in full
   in both treatments, but harvested fruit following supplemented
   pollination were consistently larger and heavier compared to those from
   the wild pollinator treatment. In the year where supplemented
   pollination had the greatest impact on the timing of fruit set, fruit
   size and sugar content were also less variable than when pollination was
   by wild species only. The implications for the commercial use of O.
   bicornis in cherry orchards are considered.}},
Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
Address = {{2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Walters, KFA (Corresponding Author), Harper Adams Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Newport, Shrops, England.
   Ryder, Jordan T.; Cherrill, Andrew; Prew, Richard; Shaw, Jenna; Walters, Keith F. A., Harper Adams Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Newport, Shrops, England.
   Thorbek, Pernille, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berks, England.
   Thorbek, Pernille, BASF SE, APD EE, Limburgerhof, Germany.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/00218839.2019.1654062}},
Early Access Date = {{AUG 2019}},
ISSN = {{0021-8839}},
EISSN = {{2078-6913}},
Keywords = {{Solitary bee; sweet cherry; fruit set; fruit quality; Osmia bicornis;
   pollination}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POTENTIAL POLLINATOR; CORNUTA LATR; BEE; SET; SERVICES; CROPS; SIZE}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{kwalters@harper-adams.ac.uk}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Walters, Keith/AAK-3562-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Cherrill, Andrew/0000-0001-9788-2211}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) CASE
   AwardBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
   {[}BB/M503447/1]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
   Research Council (BBSRC) CASE Award under Grant BB/M503447/1.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Apic. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{JT1CW}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000482346500001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000481590200083,
Author = {Diao, Qingyun and Yang, Dahe and Zhao, Hongxia and Deng, Shuai and Wang,
   Xinling and Hou, Chunsheng and Wilfert, Lena},
Title = {{Prevalence and population genetics of the emerging honey bee pathogen
   DWV in Chinese apiculture}},
Journal = {{SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{9}},
Month = {{AUG 19}},
Abstract = {{Honey bees are agriculturally important, both as pollinators and by
   providing products such as honey. The sustainability of beekeeping is at
   risk through factors of global change such as habitat loss, as well as
   through the spread of infectious diseases. In China and other parts of
   Asia, beekeepers rely both on native Apis cerana and non-native Apis
   mellifera, putting bee populations at particular risk of disease
   emergence from multi-host pathogens. Indeed, two important honey bee
   parasites have emerged from East Asian honey bees, the mite Varroa
   destructor and the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. As V. destructor
   vectors viral bee diseases, we investigated whether another key bee
   pathogen, Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), may also have originated in East
   Asian honey bee populations. We use a large-scale survey of apiaries
   across China to investigate the prevalence and seasonality of DWV in
   managed A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies, showing that DWV-A
   prevalence was higher in A. mellifera, with a seasonal spike in
   prevalence in autumn and winter. Using phylogenetic and population
   genetic approaches, we show that while China and East Asian DWV isolates
   show comparatively high levels of genetic diversity, these bee
   populations are not a source for the current global DWV epidemic.}},
Publisher = {{NATURE RESEARCH}},
Address = {{HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Hou, CS (Corresponding Author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Apicultural Res, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
   Hou, CS (Corresponding Author), Minist Agr, Key Lab Pollinating Insect Biol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
   Wilfert, L (Corresponding Author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol \& Conservat, Penryn Campus, Penryn, England.
   Wilfert, L (Corresponding Author), Univ Ulm, Inst Evolutionary Ecol \& Conservat Genom, D-89069 Ulm, Germany.
   Diao, Qingyun; Yang, Dahe; Deng, Shuai; Wang, Xinling; Hou, Chunsheng, Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Apicultural Res, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
   Diao, Qingyun; Yang, Dahe; Deng, Shuai; Wang, Xinling; Hou, Chunsheng, Minist Agr, Key Lab Pollinating Insect Biol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
   Zhao, Hongxia, Guangdong Inst Appl Biol Resources, Guangdong Key Lab Anim Conservat \& Resource Utili, Guangdong Publ Lab Wild Anim Conservat \& Utilizat, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   Wilfert, Lena, Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol \& Conservat, Penryn Campus, Penryn, England.
   Wilfert, Lena, Univ Ulm, Inst Evolutionary Ecol \& Conservat Genom, D-89069 Ulm, Germany.}},
DOI = {{10.1038/s41598-019-48618-y}},
Article-Number = {{12042}},
ISSN = {{2045-2322}},
Keywords-Plus = {{DEFORMED-WING-VIRUS; MELLIFERA FILAMENTOUS VIRUS; APIS-MELLIFERA;
   VARROA-JACOBSONI; PARASITIC MITES; CERANA; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION;
   EVOLUTIONARY; REPLICATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{hauchunsheng@caas.cn
   lena.wilfert@uni-ulm.de}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Wilfert, Lena/0000-0002-6075-458X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science
   Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}31572471]; Agricultural Science and
   Technology Innovation Program of CAAS {[}CAAS-ASTIP-2017-IAR]; Royal
   SocietyRoyal Society of London {[}IE161462]; BBSRCBiotechnology and
   Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) {[}BB/P025854/1]}},
Funding-Text = {{We acknowledge the support of The National Natural Science Foundation of
   China (31572471) to CH and the Agricultural Science and Technology
   Innovation Program of CAAS (CAAS-ASTIP-2017-IAR) to Q.Y.D., as well as
   The Royal Society (IE161462) and BBSRC (BB/P025854/1) to L.W.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{83}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{Sci Rep}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{IR6ZQ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000481590200083}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000481745000001,
Author = {Mukherjee, Ronita and Deb, Rittik and Devy, Soubadra M.},
Title = {{Diversity matters: Effects of density compensation in pollination
   service during rainfall shift}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{9}},
Number = {{17}},
Pages = {{9701-9711}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency due to the warming
   climate. Such extremities can jeopardize ecosystem services and create
   economic imbalances. Tropical developing countries are predicted to
   suffer the maximum consequences of such events. We examined the impact
   of such an event-extreme rainfall fluctuation-on a critical ecosystem
   service-pollination, which can be intricately linked to a country's
   economy. We performed this study in a dominant peri-urban vegetable hub
   of an agriculture-dependent developing country. We found that the yield
   of all pollinator-dependent crops grown across a large spatial scale
   (district) over multiple years (six) drastically declined with the
   decrease in rainfall. At the local scale, we found that the dominant
   crop (representative horticultural crop) had a significant drop in yield
   during drought, likely due to the production of fewer female flowers and
   a significant shift in the pollinator community. We found that Trigona
   sp. (one of the four pollinators) was the critical pollinator positively
   influencing fruit-to-flower ratio (FFR) (an indicator of pollination
   service) in the normal rainfall year. However, despite its sharp decline
   during drought, the FFR remained unaffected. We found that during
   drought, Apis dorsata was crucial in maintaining FFR and compensated for
   the decline of the critical pollinator across 67\% farmlands. Our study
   demonstrates the role of ecosystem stabilizing mechanism rescuing the
   crucial ecosystem service during climatic variability over the temporal
   scale.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Mukherjee, R (Corresponding Author), Ashoka Trust Res Ecol \& Environm, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.
   Mukherjee, Ronita; Devy, Soubadra M., Ashoka Trust Res Ecol \& Environm, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.
   Mukherjee, Ronita, Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
   Deb, Rittik, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/ece3.5500}},
Early Access Date = {{AUG 2019}},
ISSN = {{2045-7758}},
Keywords = {{agricultural yield; bee diversity; climatic variation; drought;
   fruit-to-flower ratio; sustainability; wild pollinators}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; APIS-DORSATA; WATER-STRESS; DROUGHT;
   AGRICULTURE; BEES; VULNERABILITY; PRESSURES; GROWTH}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Evolutionary Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Evolutionary Biology}},
Author-Email = {{ronita.mukherjee@atree.org}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Mukherjee, Ronita/0000-0003-1972-2495}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology; Rufford
   Foundation {[}13472-1]}},
Funding-Text = {{Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology; Rufford
   Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 13472-1}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecol. Evol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{IY0JX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000481745000001}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000484525700001,
Author = {Woodard, S. Hollis and Duennes, Michelle A. and Watrous, Kristal M. and
   Jha, Shalene},
Title = {{Diet and nutritional status during early adult life have immediate and
   persistent effects on queen bumble bees}},
Journal = {{CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{7}},
Month = {{AUG 15}},
Abstract = {{Many insects sequester nutrients during developmentally programmed
   periods, which they metabolize during subsequent life history stages.
   During these periods, failure to store adequate nutrients can have
   persistent effects on fitness. Here, we examined a critical but
   under-studied nutrient storage period in queen bumble bees: the first
   days of adult life, which are followed by a diapause period typically
   coinciding with winter. We experimentally manipulated availability of
   pollen (the primary dietary source of lipids and protein) and the sugar
   concentration of artificial nectar (the primary source of carbohydrates)
   for laboratory-reared queens during this period and examined three
   nutritional phenomena: (i) diet impacts on nutritional status, (ii) the
   timescale upon which nutrient sequestration occurs and (iii) the fitness
   consequences of nutrient sequestration, specifically related to survival
   across the life cycle. We found evidence that pollen and nectar
   starvation negatively impact lipid storage, whereas nectar sugar
   concentration impacts stored carbohydrates. The majority of nutrients
   were stored during the first similar to 3 days of adult life. Nutrients
   derived from pollen during this period appear to be more critical for
   surviving earlier life stages, whereas nutrients sequestered from nectar
   become more important for surviving the diapause and post-diapause
   periods. Negative impacts of a poor diet during early life persisted in
   our experiment, even when pollen and a relatively high (50\%) nectar
   sugar concentration were provided post-diapause. Based on these
   findings, we posit that the nutritional environment during the early
   adult life of queens has both immediate and persistent impacts on
   fitness. These findings underscore the importance of examining effects
   of stage-specific nutritional limitations on physiology and life history
   traits in this social insect group. Moreover, the findings may shed
   light on how declining food resources are contributing to the decline of
   wild bumble bee populations.}},
Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Woodard, SH (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   Woodard, S. Hollis; Watrous, Kristal M., Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92506 USA.
   Duennes, Michelle A., St Vincent Coll, Dept Biol, Latrobe, PA 15650 USA.
   Jha, Shalene, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78782 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1093/conphys/coz048}},
Article-Number = {{coz048}},
ISSN = {{2051-1434}},
Keywords = {{Bees; diapause; nutrition}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BOMBUS IMPATIENS HYMENOPTERA; FAT-BODY; APIDAE; ECOLOGY; FOOD;
   CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; POLLINATION; LONGEVITY; SURVIVAL}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology;
   Physiology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology}},
Author-Email = {{hollis.woodard@ucr.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) National Institute
   of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Postdoctoral Fellowship {[}1000479]}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by a USDA Agriculture and Food Research
   Initiative (AFRI) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
   Postdoctoral Fellowship {[}grant number 1000479 to S.H.W.].}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
Journal-ISO = {{Conserv. Physiol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{IV8OU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000484525700001}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000480678300001,
Author = {Chan, D. Susan Willis and Prosser, Ryan S. and Rodriguez-Gil, Jose L.
   and Raine, Nigel E.},
Title = {{Assessment of risk to hoary squash bees (Peponapis pruinosa) and other
   ground-nesting bees from systemic insecticides in agricultural soil}},
Journal = {{SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{9}},
Month = {{AUG 14}},
Abstract = {{Using the hoary squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) as a model, we provide
   the first probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to systemic
   insecticides in soil for ground-nesting bees. To assess risk in acute
   and chronic exposure scenarios in Cucurbita and field crops,
   concentrations of clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid
   (neonicotinoids) and chlorantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide) in
   cropped soil were plotted to produce an environmental exposure
   distribution for each insecticide. The probability of exceedance of
   several exposure endpoints (LC(50)s) was compared to an acceptable risk
   threshold (5\%). In Cucurbita crops, under acute exposure, risk to hoary
   squash bees was below 5\% for honey bee LC50s for all residues evaluated
   but exceeded 5\% for clothianidin and imidacloprid using a solitary bee
   LC50. For Cucurbita crops in the chronic exposure scenario, exposure
   risks for clothianidin and imidacloprid exceeded 5\% for all endpoints,
   and exposure risk for chlorantraniliprole was below 5\% for all
   endpoints. In field crops, risk to ground-nesting bees was high from
   clothianidin in all exposure scenarios and high for thiamethoxam and
   imidacloprid under chronic exposure scenarios. Risk assessments for
   ground-nesting bees should include exposure impacts from pesticides in
   soil and could use the hoary squash bee as an ecotoxicology model.}},
Publisher = {{NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP}},
Address = {{MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Chan, DSW (Corresponding Author), Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
   Chan, D. Susan Willis; Prosser, Ryan S.; Raine, Nigel E., Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
   Rodriguez-Gil, Jose L., Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.}},
DOI = {{10.1038/s41598-019-47805-1}},
Article-Number = {{11870}},
ISSN = {{2045-2322}},
Keywords-Plus = {{NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES; COMPARATIVE TOXICITY; APIS-MELLIFERA;
   HYMENOPTERA; EXPOSURE; PESTICIDES; POLLEN; DISPLACEMENT; THIAMETHOXAM;
   HONEYBEE}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{dchan05@uoguelph.ca}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Raine, Nigel/AAK-6425-2020
   Rodriguez-Gil, Jose Luis/B-3479-2010}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Raine, Nigel/0000-0001-6343-2829
   Rodriguez-Gil, Jose Luis/0000-0001-9325-9131}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)
   {[}UofG2015-2466]; Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change
   (MOECC) Best in Science grant {[}BIS201617-06]; Natural Sciences and
   Engineering Research Council (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering
   Research Council of Canada {[}2015-06783, 2018-04641]; Fresh Vegetable
   Growers of Ontario (FVGO); Food from Thought: Agricultural Systems for a
   Healthy Planet Initiative, by the Canada First Research Excellent Fund
   {[}000054]; George and Lois Whetham Scholarship in Food Systems; Ontario
   Graduate Fellowship; Fred W. Presant Scholarship; Rebanks Family Chair
   in Pollinator Conservation by The W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Keith
   and June Laver Scholarship in Horticulture; Latournelle Travel
   Scholarship}},
Funding-Text = {{We would like to thank all 18 Ontario farmers who allowed us access to
   their land and crops, Beatrice Chan and Katie Fisher for their
   assistance with field sampling, Linda Lissemore for advice on residue
   analyses, Elaine Roddy for providing input into production practices and
   pesticide use patterns on farms, providing farm contacts, and sampling
   on all the farms in southwestern Ontario, and Jim Chaput for technical
   advice on pesticide registration and use in Cucurbita crops. This work
   was supported by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural
   Affairs (OMAFRA) grant UofG2015-2466 (awarded to N.E.R. and D.S.W.C.),
   the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) Best in
   Science grant BIS201617-06 (awarded to N.E.R.), Natural Sciences and
   Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery grants 2015-06783 and
   2018-04641 (awarded to N.E.R. and R.S.P. respectively), the Fresh
   Vegetable Growers of Ontario (FVGO: awarded to N.E.R. and D.S.W.C.), and
   the Food from Thought: Agricultural Systems for a Healthy Planet
   Initiative, by the Canada First Research Excellent Fund (grant 000054).
   D.S.W.C. was supported by the George and Lois Whetham Scholarship in
   Food Systems, an Ontario Graduate Fellowship, the Keith and June Laver
   Scholarship in Horticulture, the Fred W. Presant Scholarship, and a
   Latournelle Travel Scholarship. N.E.R. is supported as the Rebanks
   Family Chair in Pollinator Conservation by The W. Garfield Weston
   Foundation.}},
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