text:
iet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Dietetics/*methods
Humans
Patient Care Team
Patient Compliance
Patient Education as Topic
Practice Guidelines as Topic},
   ISSN = {0029-6651},
   Accession Number = {19490737},
   DOI = {10.1017/s0029665109001347},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Su, Y. and Wu, S. and Fan, Y. and Jin, J. and Zhang, Z.},
   title = {The preliminary experimental and clinical study of the relationship between the pigment gallstone and intestinal mucosal barrier},
   journal = {J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {24},
   number = {8},
   pages = {1451-6},
   note = {1440-1746
Su, Yang
Wu, Shuodong
Fan, Ying
Jin, Junzhe
Zhang, Zhenhai
Journal Article
Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Aug;24(8):1451-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05842.x. Epub 2009 Apr 13.},
   abstract = {AIMS: To investigate the relations between the formation of pigment gallstone and the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups in which they were respectively given normal diet, gallstone-causing diet, and gallstone-formation diet with a supplementary intestinal mucosal protection compound known as glutamine. The model of pigment gallstone was established after 8 weeks of dietary administration. Indices about the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier and bacterial translocation were measured. Clinical cases were divided into three groups: control, cholesterol gallstone, and pigment gallstone, where the levels of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO), plasma endotoxin and the excretion rates of technetium 99m-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (99mTC-DTPA) in the urine of each group were measured. RESULTS: In the pigment gallstone group, the level of plasma DAO and endotoxin, the excretory ratio of lactulose and mannitol in urine, the bacterial translocation ratio in the celiac lymph nodes and the activities of beta-glucuronidase increased comparing to the control group. The gallstone-formation rate for the intestinal mucosal protection group (GLN) decreased, and other indices, except the activity of beta-glucuronidase, were all lower than that of gallstone-formation group. In the clinical experiment, the levels of plasma DAO and endotoxin, as well as the excretory rate of 99mTC-DTPA in urine were higher in the patients with gallstones than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The formation of pigment gallstone was related to the abnormal function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The abnormality in the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier probably induced the formation of gallstone by a bacterial translocation mechanism.},
   keywords = {Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/blood
Animals
*Bacterial Translocation/drug effects
Bile/enzymology
Bile Pigments/*metabolism
Case-Control Studies
Cholesterol/metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Endotoxins/blood
Female
Gallstones/drug therapy/*metabolism/microbiology
Glucuronidase/metabolism
Glutamine/pharmacology
Guinea Pigs
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects/*metabolism/microbiology
Lactulose/urine
Lymph Nodes/microbiology
Male
Mannitol/urine
Permeability
Pilot Projects
Radiopharmaceuticals/urine
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate/urine},
   ISSN = {0815-9319},
   Accession Number = {19486450},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05842.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sud, S. and Marcon, M. and Assor, E. and Palmert, M. R. and Daneman, D. and Mahmud, F. H.},
   title = {Celiac disease and pediatric type 1 diabetes: diagnostic and treatment dilemmas},
   journal = {Int J Pediatr Endocrinol},
   volume = {2010},
   pages = {161285},
   note = {1687-9856
Sud, Shama
Marcon, Margaret
Assor, Esther
Palmert, Mark R
Daneman, Denis
Mahmud, Farid H
Journal Article
England
Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2010;2010:161285. doi: 10.1155/2010/161285. Epub 2010 Jun 23.},
   abstract = {Despite the advent of sensitive and specific serologic testing, routine screening for celiac disease (CD) in diabetic populations may not be universal practice, and many clinicians struggle to find the optimal approach to managing CD in pediatric Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. While some clinicians advocate screening for CD in all patients with T1D, others are unsure whether this is warranted. The diagnosis of patients who present with symptomatic CD, including malabsorption and obvious pathology upon biopsy, remains straightforward, with improvements noted on a gluten-free diet. Many patients identified by screening, however, tend to be asymptomatic. Evidence is inconclusive as to whether the benefits of screening and potentially treating asymptomatic individuals outweigh the harms of managing a population already burdened with a serious illness. This review focuses on current knowledge of CD in children and youth with T1D, highlighting important elements of the disease's pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic challenges.},
   ISSN = {1687-9848},
   Accession Number = {20652072},
   DOI = {10.1155/2010/161285},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sugai, E. and Nachman, F. and Vaquez, H. and Gonzalez, A. and Andrenacci, P. and Czech, A. and Niveloni, S. and Mazure, R. and Smecuol, E. and Cabanne, A. and Maurino, E. and Bai, J. C.},
   title = {Dynamics of celiac disease-specific serology after initiation of a gluten-free diet and use in the assessment of compliance with treatment},
   journal = {Dig Liver Dis},
   volume = {42},
   number = {5},
   pages = {352-8},
   note = {1878-3562
Sugai, Emilia
Nachman, Fabio
Vaquez, Horacio
Gonzalez, Andrea
Andrenacci, Paola
Czech, Andrea
Niveloni, Sonia
Mazure, Roberto
Smecuol, Edgardo
Cabanne, Ana
Maurino, Eduardo
Bai, Julio Cesar
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
Dig Liver Dis. 2010 May;42(5):352-8. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2009.07.011. Epub 2009 Aug 12.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The usefulness of celiac disease-related serology in monitoring patients on a gluten-free diet has been debated. AIM: To describe serologic changes over time and assess whether serology tests can predict compliance with the gluten-free diet. METHODS: Sera obtained at baseline and every 3 months thereafter for 1 year in 82 adult celiac disease patients were assayed for: (1) IgA antigliadin, (2) IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase, (3) IgA endomysial, (4) IgA, and (5) IgG anti-deamidated gliadin peptides, (6) dual detection of IgA and IgG anti-deamidated gliadin peptides, (7) a single assay for IgA and IgG of both anti-deamidated gliadin peptide and anti-tissue transglutaminase, and (8) IgA antiactin antibodies. RESULTS: At 3 months after diagnosis, most antibody assays significant decrease in mean concentrations (p<0.0001) and the percentage of positive samples (p<0.0001) with further improvement in subsequent determinations. Strictly adherents had significantly lower concentrations of antibodies (p<0.01 to p<0.00001) and smaller proportion of positive samples for IgA endomysial, IgA antiactin antibodies and IgA antigliadin (15.6%, 17.4% and 23.9%, respectively) than partially compliant. At 1 year, IgA endomysial (p<0.02), IgA antiactin antibodies (p<0.05) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (p<0.02) predicted the degree of compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Gluten-free diet treatment produced rapid and significant qualitative and quantitative changes in celiac disease-related antibodies which may be useful for monitoring dietary compliance.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Antibodies/*blood
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/*immunology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Gliadin/immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Immunoglobulin G/blood
Male
Middle Aged
*Patient Compliance
Prospective Studies
Transglutaminases/immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1590-8658},
   Accession Number = {19679520},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.dld.2009.07.011},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sultan, S. J. and Ahmad, Q. M. and Sultan, S. T.},
   title = {Antigliadin antibodies in psoriasis},
   journal = {Australas J Dermatol},
   volume = {51},
   number = {4},
   pages = {238-42},
   note = {1440-0960
Sultan, Sheikh Javeed
Ahmad, Qazi Masood
Sultan, Sheikh Tariq
Journal Article
Australia
Australas J Dermatol. 2010 Nov;51(4):238-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2010.00648.x.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although antigliadin antibodies (AGA) are markers of coeliac disease, elevated levels of these antibodies are also seen in many other autoimmune, neurological, haematological, collagen vascular and cutaneous disorders, even in the absence of clinically overt gastrointestinal disease. Several studies have reported an association between psoriasis and AGA, with improvement in severity of psoriasis on a gluten-free diet. This study aims to determine whether patients with psoriasis in Kashmir have an increased prevalence of elevated AGA. METHODS: A total of 120 patients (all native Kashmiris) with psoriasis and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls without any personal or family history of autoimmune disorders were included in the study. Both groups were tested for IgA and IgG AGAs using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of AGA among patients with psoriasis (6.67% for IgA and 4.17% for IgG) and control group individuals (7.5% IgA and 5.0% IgG) was observed. The mean AGA levels in the two groups were not statistically different. Furthermore, no significant association between AGA levels and psoriasis severity, joint involvement, age of onset of psoriasis or arthritis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that AGA are not elevated in psoriasis patients as compared with a healthy population, and there is no association between AGA and psoriasis, its onset, severity and joint symptoms.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Antibodies/*blood
Celiac Disease/immunology
Chi-Square Distribution
Child
Female
Gliadin/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Male
Middle Aged
Psoriasis/*immunology
Skin/immunology/metabolism
Transglutaminases/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0004-8380},
   Accession Number = {21198518},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1440-0960.2010.00648.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sun, S. and Puttha, R. and Ghezaiel, S. and Skae, M. and Cooper, C. and Amin, R.},
   title = {The effect of biopsy-positive silent coeliac disease and treatment with a gluten-free diet on growth and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes},
   journal = {Diabet Med},
   volume = {26},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1250-4},
   note = {1464-5491
Sun, S
Puttha, R
Ghezaiel, S
Skae, M
Cooper, C
Amin, R
North West England Paediatric Diabetes Network
Journal Article
England
Diabet Med. 2009 Dec;26(12):1250-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02859.x.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of coeliac disease and treatment with a gluten-free diet on growth and glycaemic control in asymptomatic children with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Data were compared in children with coeliac disease diagnosed by annual antibody screening and jejunal biopsy and treated with a gluten-free diet (n = 49) against individuals who were antibody negative (n = 49) matched for age, sex and duration of diabetes. RESULTS: No differences in growth were observed. In the years prior to diagnosis of coeliac disease, mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) was lower in cases compared with control subjects [8.3 +/- 1.1% vs. 8.7 +/- 0.9%, P = 0.02 (mean +/- sd)]. In cases, HbA(1c) deteriorated 12 months from the start of a gluten-free diet to levels similar to control subjects (8.9 +/- 1.5% vs. 8.8 +/- 1.5%, P-value for analysis of variance = 0.9). In regression analysis, the diagnosis of coeliac disease and start of a gluten-free diet was associated with a rise in HbA(1c) in the first year of treatment [odds ratio 1.56 (95% confidence intervals 1.16-2.10), P = 0.003] after adjusting for insulin dose and regimen and other variables. CONCLUSIONS: In children with Type 1 diabetes, lower HbA(1c) prior to diagnosis of silent coeliac disease rises following treatment with a gluten-free diet to levels similar to those without coeliac disease. Although unproven, these observations may relate to abnormalities at the small bowel mucosa before the appearance of circulating coeliac antibodies.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Body Height/physiology
Body Mass Index
Body Weight/physiology
Celiac Disease/blood/*diet therapy/physiopathology
Child
Child Development
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*blood/complications/physiopathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Growth
Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/*analysis
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male},
   ISSN = {0742-3071},
   Accession Number = {20002477},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02859.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sweetser, S. and Leise, M. D. and Smyrk, T. C.},
   title = {Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: collagenous sprue},
   journal = {J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {25},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1588},
   note = {1440-1746
Sweetser, S
Leise, M D
Smyrk, T C
Case Reports
Journal Article
Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Sep;25(9):1588. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06471.x.},
   keywords = {Aged
Biomarkers/blood
Budesonide/administration & dosage
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy/immunology/pathology
Chronic Disease
Diagnosis, Differential
Diagnostic Errors
Diarrhea/etiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/pathology
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Female
GTP-Binding Proteins
Genetic Testing
HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
Haplotypes
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Immunoglobulin G/blood
Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
Malabsorption Syndromes/complications/*diagnosis/drug
therapy/immunology/pathology
Predictive Value of Tests
Transglutaminases/immunology
Treatment Failure},
   ISSN = {0815-9319},
   Accession Number = {20796160},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06471.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Szaflarska-Poplawska, A. and Siomek, A. and Czerwionka-Szaflarska, M. and Gackowski, D. and Rozalski, R. and Guz, J. and Szpila, A. and Zarakowska, E. and Olinski, R.},
   title = {Oxidatively damaged DNA/oxidative stress in children with celiac disease},
   journal = {Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev},
   volume = {19},
   number = {8},
   pages = {1960-5},
   note = {1538-7755
Szaflarska-Poplawska, Anna
Siomek, Agnieszka
Czerwionka-Szaflarska, Mieczyslawa
Gackowski, Daniel
Rozalski, Rafal
Guz, Jolanta
Szpila, Anna
Zarakowska, Ewelina
Olinski, Ryszard
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Aug;19(8):1960-5. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0295.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Because patients with celiac disease face increased risk of cancer and there is considerable circumstantial evidence that oxidatively damaged DNA may be used as a marker predictive of cancer development, we decided, for the first time, to characterize oxidative stress/oxidative DNA damage in celiac disease patients. METHODS: Two kinds of oxidatively damaged DNA biomarkers, namely, urinary excretion of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGua, and the level of oxidatively damaged DNA in the leukocytes, as well as the level of antioxidant vitamins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC/gas chromatography with isotope dilution mass detection methods. These parameters were determined in three groups: (a) children with untreated celiac disease, (b) patients with celiac disease on a strict gluten-free diet, and (c) healthy children. RESULTS: The mean level of 8-oxodG in DNA isolated from the leukocytes and in the urine samples of the two groups of celiacs was significantly higher than in controls, irrespective of diet. There was no statistically significant difference in these parameters between treated and untreated celiacs. The mean plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentration in the samples of untreated celiacs was significantly lower than in treated celiacs. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that although diet can be partially responsible for oxidative stress/oxidatively damaged DNA in celiac patients, there is a factor independent of diet. IMPACT: It is possible that celiac disease patients may be helped by dietary supplementation rich in vitamin A (and E) to minimize the risk of cancer development.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Biomarkers/metabolism/urine
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*metabolism
Child
Child, Preschool
DNA/isolation & purification/*metabolism
*DNA Damage
Deoxyguanosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/urine
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Leukocytes/metabolism
Male
*Oxidative Stress
Vitamin A/blood
Young Adult
alpha-Tocopherol/blood},
   ISSN = {1055-9965},
   Accession Number = {20696659},
   DOI = {10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0295},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tack, G. J. and Verbeek, W. H. and Schreurs, M. W. and Mulder, C. J.},
   title = {The spectrum of celiac disease: epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment},
   journal = {Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {7},
   number = {4},
   pages = {204-13},
   note = {1759-5053
Tack, Greetje J
Verbeek, Wieke H M
Schreurs, Marco W J
Mulder, Chris J J
Journal Article
Review
England
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Apr;7(4):204-13. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.23. Epub 2010 Mar 9.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy that affects people of all ages worldwide. This disease has emerged as a major health-care problem, as advances in diagnostic and screening methods have revealed its global prevalence. Environmental factors such as gluten introduction at childhood, infectious agents and socioeconomic features, as well as the presence of HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes or genetic variations in several non-HLA genes contribute to the development of celiac disease. Growing insight into the variable clinical and histopathological presentation features of this disease has opened new perspectives for future research. A strict life-long gluten-free diet is the only safe and efficient available treatment, yet it results in a social burden. Alternative treatment modalities focus on modification of dietary components, enzymatic degradation of gluten, inhibition of intestinal permeability and modulation of the immune response. A small group of patients with celiac disease (2-5%), however, fail to improve clinically and histologically upon elimination of dietary gluten. This complication is referred to as refractory celiac disease, and imposes a serious risk of developing a virtually lethal enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma.},
   keywords = {Age Factors
Algorithms
*Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/epidemiology/etiology
Diagnosis, Differential
Diet, Gluten-Free
Environmental Exposure
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Global Health
Humans
Infant
Infant Food/adverse effects
Lymphoma/etiology
Prevalence
Prognosis
Risk Factors
Socioeconomic Factors},
   ISSN = {1759-5045},
   Accession Number = {20212505},
   DOI = {10.1038/nrgastro.2010.23},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tanner, G. J. and Howitt, C. A. and Forrester, R. I. and Campbell, P. M. and Tye-Din, J. A. and Anderson, R. P.},
   title = {Dissecting the T-cell response to hordeins in coeliac disease can develop barley with reduced immunotoxicity},
   journal = {Aliment Pharmacol Ther},
   volume = {32},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1184-91},
   note = {1365-2036
Tanner, G J
Howitt, C A
Forrester, R I
Campbell, P M
Tye-Din, J A
Anderson, R P
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Nov;32(9):1184-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04452.x. Epub 2010 Sep 15.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wheat, rye and barley prolamins are toxic to patients with coeliac disease. Barley is diploid with pure inbred cultivars available, and is attractive for genetic approaches to detoxification. AIM: To identify barley hordein fractions which activated the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting peripheral blood T-cells from coeliac volunteers, and compare immunotoxicity of hordeins from experimental barley lines. METHODS: To reactivate a T-cell response to hordein, volunteers underwent a 3-day oral barley challenge. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from twenty-one HLA DQ2(+) patients with confirmed coeliac disease. IFN-gamma ELISpot assays enumerated T-cells activated by purified prolamins and positive controls. RESULTS: Hordein-specific T-cells were induced by oral barley challenge. All prolamin fractions were immunotoxic, but D- and C-hordeins were most active. Barley lines lacking B- and C-hordeins had a 5-fold reduced hordein-content, and immunotoxicity of hordein extracts were reduced 20-fold compared with wild-type barley. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo oral barley challenge offers a convenient and rapid approach to test the immunotoxicity of small amounts of purified hordeins using fresh T-cells from patients in high throughput overnight assays. Barley lines that did not accumulate B- and C-hordeins were viable, yet had substantially reduced immunotoxicity. Creation of hordein-free barley may therefore be possible.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Celiac Disease/genetics/*immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Glutens/genetics/*immunology
Hordeum/genetics/*immunology
Humans
Middle Aged
Plant Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics
Secale/*immunology
Statistics as Topic
T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
Triticum/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0269-2813},
   Accession Number = {21039679},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04452.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tennyson, C. A. and Lewis, S. K. and Green, P. H.},
   title = {New and developing therapies for celiac disease},
   journal = {Therap Adv Gastroenterol},
   volume = {2},
   number = {5},
   pages = {303-9},
   note = {1756-2848
Tennyson, Christina A
Lewis, Suzanne K
Green, Peter H R
Journal Article
England
Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2009 Sep;2(5):303-9. doi: 10.1177/1756283X09342759.},
   abstract = {The treatment for celiac disease, a removal of gluten in the diet, is safe and effective for the vast majority of patients. There is a large body of evidence that the diagnosis and treatment of those with celiac disease ensures considerable health benefits. Although a gluten-free diet is the principal treatment for celiac disease, it is relatively expensive, inconvenient and difficult to adhere to. For these reasons, there is interest in developing alternative therapies. Emerging research for the treatment of celiac disease has focused on three areas: to decrease gluten exposure, to modify intestinal permeability and to modulate immune activation. Therapies developed thus far consist of enzymes designed to digest gluten and the use of inhibitors of paracellular permeability to decrease the migration of gluten peptides into the lamina propria. Other potential therapeutic maneuvers include the binding of gluten by polymers, the use of tissue transglutaminase (TTG) inhibitors and DQ2 or DQ8 blockers, or modulation of cytokine production. While all represent new and exciting therapies, an ideal therapy should have virtually no side effects similar to a gluten-free diet. A pharmaceutical agent may be used on an intermittent basis, such as following occasional gluten exposure or on a chronic basis to mitigate the effects of potential inadvertent ingestion of gluten.},
   keywords = {celiac disease
gliadin
gluten
prolyl endopeptidases
therapy},
   ISSN = {1756-283x},
   Accession Number = {21180558},
   DOI = {10.1177/1756283x09342759},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Terasaki, G. S. and Ajam, K. S.},
   title = {Case report: Revisiting celiac disease},
   journal = {Postgrad Med},
   volume = {121},
   number = {6},
   pages = {166-9},
   note = {1941-9260
Terasaki, Genji S
Ajam, Kamal S
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
Postgrad Med. 2009 Nov;121(6):166-9. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2009.11.2085.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that causes varying degrees of villous atrophy and chronic malabsorption in genetically predisposed persons. Once considered a rare disease affecting children, younger adults, and persons of European ancestry, CD is increasingly recognized in all demographic groups with a prevalence rate in the United States of almost 1%. We offer an overview of the evaluation and management of CD vis-a-vis the case of a 41-year-old man who was hospitalized after presenting with the classic symptoms of chronic abdominal complaints, diarrhea, iron-deficiency anemia, and weight loss. Celiac disease remains an underdiagnosed condition in the United States, which is unfortunate given the potential treatment with a gluten-free diet.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Fatigue/*etiology
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*etiology
Humans
Male
Serologic Tests
*Weight Loss},
   ISSN = {0032-5481},
   Accession Number = {19940427},
   DOI = {10.3810/pgm.2009.11.2085},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Teresi, S. and Crapisi, M. and Vallejo, M. D. and Castellaneta, S. P. and Francavilla, R. and Iacono, G. and Ravelli, A. and Menegazzi, P. and Louali, M. and Catassi, C.},
   title = {Celiac disease seropositivity in Saharawi children: a follow-up and family study},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {50},
   number = {5},
   pages = {506-9},
   note = {1536-4801
Teresi, Saverio
Crapisi, Mimi
Vallejo, Maria Dolores Cantarero
Castellaneta, Stefania Paola
Francavilla, Ruggiero
Iacono, Giuseppe
Ravelli, Alberto
Menegazzi, Patrizia
Louali, Mahana
Catassi, Carlo
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 May;50(5):506-9. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181bab30c.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is a common disease in the Saharawi population of Arab-Berber origin. Saharawi patients with CD and their families were invited to participate in a follow-up study aimed at checking the CD serology status in patients being treated with the gluten-free diet (GFD) and investigating the prevalence of CD in first-degree relatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated 975 subjects (62.8% females and 37.2% males, age range 0.7 to 75.4 years, median age 13.4 years) belonging to 212 families, by determining the serum immunoglobulin A anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial antibody levels. Thirty-two first-degree relatives were already receiving GFD when tested. RESULTS: Overall, 42.2% of the 244 treated subjects with CD showed a borderline/positive anti-transglutaminase determination, and 36.6% were also anti-endomysial positive. The serologic family screening detected 33 previously undiagnosed CD cases. The 65 affected first-degree relatives were sibling (42), mother (12), son/daughter (7), and father (4). The overall prevalence of CD among first-degree relatives was 65 of 763 (8.5%, 95% confidence interval 6.5-10.5). Based on our previous estimate of CD prevalence in the pediatric Saharawi population (5.6%), the sibling relative risk was 1.5. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of CD in the Saharawis is only modestly increased in first-degree relatives compared with the general population, probably because of the higher frequency of CD predisposing genes in the general population. Saharawi patients with CD receiving GFD showed poor adherence to the treatment, which could contribute to residual CD-related morbidity and mortality.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Africa, Northern/epidemiology
Aged
Arabs
Autoantibodies/*blood
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/epidemiology/*genetics
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
*Family
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Infant
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/immunology
Risk Factors
Serologic Tests
Transglutaminases/*genetics/immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {20639708},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181bab30c},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Thompson, T. and Lee, A. R. and Grace, T.},
   title = {Gluten contamination of grains, seeds, and flours in the United States: a pilot study},
   journal = {J Am Diet Assoc},
   volume = {110},
   number = {6},
   pages = {937-40},
   note = {1878-3570
Thompson, Tricia
Lee, Anne Roland
Grace, Thomas
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Jun;110(6):937-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.014.},
   abstract = {Under the Food Allergen and Consumer Protection Act, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must issue a rule for the voluntary labeling of food as gluten-free. In the proposed rule, many single-ingredient foods, such as millet, are considered inherently free of gluten. Inherently gluten-free grains will be considered misbranded if they carry a gluten-free label and do not also state that all foods of the same type are gluten-free (eg, "all millet is gluten free"). Twenty-two inherently gluten-free grains, seeds, and flours not labeled gluten-free were purchased in June 2009 and sent unopened to a company who specializes in gluten analysis. All samples were homogenized and tested in duplicate using the Ridascreen Gliadin sandwich R5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with cocktail extraction. Thirteen of 22 (59%) samples contained less than the limit of quantification of 5 parts per million (ppm) for gluten. Nine of 22 (41%) samples contained more than the limit of quantification, with mean gluten levels ranging from 8.5 to 2,925.0 ppm. Seven of 22 samples (32%) contained mean gluten levels >/=20 ppm and would not be considered gluten-free under the proposed FDA rule for gluten-free labeling. Gluten contamination of inherently gluten-free grains, seeds, and flours not labeled gluten-free is a legitimate concern. The FDA may want to modify their proposed rule for labeling of food as gluten-free, removing the requirement that gluten-free manufacturers of inherently gluten-free grains, seeds, and flours must state on product labels that all foods of that type are gluten-free.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diet therapy
Consumer Product Safety
Edible Grain/*chemistry
Flour/*analysis
Food Contamination/*analysis
Food Labeling/*legislation & jurisprudence
Glutens/immunology/*isolation & purification
Humans
Pilot Projects
Seeds/*chemistry
United States
United States Food and Drug Administration},
   ISSN = {0002-8223},
   Accession Number = {20497786},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.014},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Thomson, A. B.},
   title = {Small intestinal disorders in the elderly},
   journal = {Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {23},
   number = {6},
   pages = {861-74},
   note = {1532-1916
Thomson, Alan B R
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;23(6):861-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.10.009.},
   abstract = {The topic of gastroenterology (GI) in the elderly has been extensively reviewed. It takes special skill, patience and insight to interview the elderly, as well as to appreciate their altered physiology and interpretation of their presenting symptoms and signs, often against an extreme background of complex medical problems. The maldigestion and malabsorption coupled with altered motility contributes to the development of malnutrition. There generally a decrease of function of the GI tract, but there may be loss of adaptability in response to changes in diet or nutritional stress. Pathological alterations which might lead to minor overall intestinal functional variations in the young because of a normal process of adaptation, may lead to much more serious events in the elderly.},
   keywords = {Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Aging
Animals
Celiac Disease/etiology/physiopathology
Cell Proliferation
Diarrhea/etiology/physiopathology
Gastrointestinal Motility
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal
Intestinal Absorption
Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology/therapy
Intestine, Small/blood supply/immunology/microbiology/pathology/*physiopathology
Microvilli/pathology
Middle Aged
Nutritional Status
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Splanchnic Circulation},
   ISSN = {1521-6918},
   Accession Number = {19942164},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.bpg.2009.10.009},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tjon, J. M. and van Bergen, J. and Koning, F.},
   title = {Celiac disease: how complicated can it get?},
   journal = {Immunogenetics},
   volume = {62},
   number = {10},
   pages = {641-51},
   note = {1432-1211
Tjon, Jennifer May-Ling
van Bergen, Jeroen
Koning, Frits
Journal Article
Review
United States
Immunogenetics. 2010 Oct;62(10):641-51. doi: 10.1007/s00251-010-0465-9. Epub 2010 Jul 27.},
   abstract = {In the small intestine of celiac disease patients, dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins in barley and rye trigger an inflammatory response. While strict adherence to a gluten-free diet induces full recovery in most patients, a small percentage of patients fail to recover. In a subset of these refractory celiac disease patients, an (aberrant) oligoclonal intraepithelial lymphocyte population develops into overt lymphoma. Celiac disease is strongly associated with HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8, as both genotypes predispose for disease development. This association can be explained by the fact that gluten peptides can be presented in HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Gluten-specific CD4(+) T cells in the lamina propria respond to these peptides, and this likely enhances cytotoxicity of intraepithelial lymphocytes against the intestinal epithelium. We propose a threshold model for the development of celiac disease, in which the efficiency of gluten presentation to CD4(+) T cells determines the likelihood of developing celiac disease and its complications. Key factors that influence the efficiency of gluten presentation include: (1) the level of gluten intake, (2) the enzyme tissue transglutaminase 2 which modifies gluten into high affinity binding peptides for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8, (3) the HLA-DQ type, as HLA-DQ2 binds a wider range of gluten peptides than HLA-DQ8, (4) the gene dose of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8, and finally,(5) additional genetic polymorphisms that may influence T cell reactivity. This threshold model might also help to understand the development of refractory celiac disease and lymphoma.},
   keywords = {Adult
Antigen Presentation
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Celiac Disease/epidemiology/genetics/*immunology
Child
Child, Preschool
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
Disease Progression
GTP-Binding Proteins
Gene Dosage
Genetic Association Studies
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genotype
Glutens/immunology
HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics/immunology
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal
Intestine, Small/immunology/pathology
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/etiology
Models, Immunological
Prevalence
Transglutaminases/physiology},
   ISSN = {0093-7711},
   Accession Number = {20661732},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00251-010-0465-9},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tontini, G. E. and Rondonotti, E. and Saladino, V. and Saibeni, S. and de Franchis, R. and Vecchi, M.},
   title = {Impact of gluten withdrawal on health-related quality of life in celiac subjects: an observational case-control study},
   journal = {Digestion},
   volume = {82},
   number = {4},
   pages = {221-8},
   note = {1421-9867
Tontini, Gian Eugenio
Rondonotti, Emanuele
Saladino, Valeria
Saibeni, Simone
de Franchis, Roberto
Vecchi, Maurizio
Journal Article
Switzerland
Digestion. 2010;82(4):221-8. doi: 10.1159/000265549. Epub 2010 Jun 24.},
   abstract = {AIMS: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in celiac disease (CD) patients at the time of diagnosis and during a gluten-free diet (GFD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 43 adult CD patients (18 with a typical and 15 with an atypical clinical presentation, and 10 with dermatitis herpetiformis, DH) and 86 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We administered the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire at diagnosis and after 1, 12 and 24 months of a GFD. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis CD patients showed significantly lower SF-36 scores than controls; this figure was observed in women but not in men. At baseline, both typical and atypical CD patients had lower SF-36 scores than controls, while DH patients showed a SF-36 profile comparable to that of controls. During a GFD the SF-36 scores improved continuously in CD patients and in the female subgroup, becoming similar to those of matched controls at 1-year follow-up. After gluten withdrawal typical and atypical CD patients improved their SF-36 scores and reached values comparable to those of controls. CONCLUSIONS: At diagnosis, CD patients perceived a poor HRQoL; this figure appears to be mostly associated with female gender. In all subgroups of CD patients with a low HRQoL at diagnosis, the GFD allowed progressive restoration of HRQoL perception.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Quality of Life
Severity of Illness Index
Statistics, Nonparametric
Surveys and Questionnaires
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0012-2823},
   Accession Number = {20588037},
   DOI = {10.1159/000265549},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tonutti, E. and Visentini, D. and Picierno, A. and Bizzaro, N. and Villalta, D. and Tozzoli, R. and Kodermaz, G. and Carroccio, A. and Iacono, G. and Teresi, S. and La Chiusa, S. M. and Brusca, I.},
   title = {Diagnostic efficacy of the ELISA test for the detection of deamidated anti-gliadin peptide antibodies in the diagnosis and monitoring of celiac disease},
   journal = {J Clin Lab Anal},
   volume = {23},
   number = {3},
   pages = {165-71},
   note = {1098-2825
Tonutti, Elio
Visentini, Daniela
Picierno, Alessia
Bizzaro, Nicola
Villalta, Danilo
Tozzoli, Renato
Kodermaz, Graziano
Carroccio, Antonio
Iacono, Giuseppe
Teresi, Saverio
La Chiusa, Stella Maria
Brusca, Ignazio
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
United States
J Clin Lab Anal. 2009;23(3):165-71. doi: 10.1002/jcla.20313.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of an ELISA test for anti-gliadin IgA and IgG antibodies, which uses synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides (anti-gliadin antibodies, AGAs) as coating; the results were compared with a test that uses extracted gliadin (AGAe). METHODS: The study was conducted on the sera of 144 patients suffering from celiac disease (CD), including 20 patients with IgA deficiency and 9 who were following a gluten-free diet (GFD), and 129 controls. RESULTS: In the 115 CD patients (without IgA deficiency), the sensitivity of AGAe IgA and IgG was 32.2 and 60.9%, whereas that of AGAs IgA and IgG was 59.1 and 72.2%. The specificity for AGAe IgA and IgG, and AGAs IgA and IgG was 93.8 and 89.9%, and 96.9% and 99.2%, respectively. Of the 20 patients with CD and IgA deficiency, 7 tested positive for AGAe IgG and 14 for AGAs IgG. The test using deamidated gliadin peptides performed better in terms of sensitivity and specificity than the AGA tests with extracted antigen. CONCLUSIONS: The very high specificity of the AGAs IgG test (99.2%) also suggests that patients who test positive with this assay require a thorough followup, even if the anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) and anti-endomysial autoantibodies (EMA) assays are negative.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Antibodies/*blood/*immunology
Autoantibodies/blood/immunology
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/blood/*diagnosis/immunology
Child
Child, Preschool
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods
False Negative Reactions
False Positive Reactions
Female
Gliadin/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood/immunology
Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Peptides/immunology
ROC Curve
Sensitivity and Specificity
Serologic Tests
Transglutaminases/immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0887-8013},
   Accession Number = {19455636},
   DOI = {10.1002/jcla.20313},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tosco, A. and Salvati, V. M. and Auricchio, R. and Maglio, M. and Borrelli, M. and Coruzzo, A. and Paparo, F. and Boffardi, M. and Esposito, A. and D'Adamo, G. and Malamisura, B. and Greco, L. and Troncone, R.},
   title = {Natural history of potential celiac disease in children},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {9},
   number = {4},
   pages = {320-5; quiz e36},
   note = {1542-7714
Tosco, Antonella
Salvati, Virginia Michela
Auricchio, Renata
Maglio, Mariantonia
Borrelli, Melissa
Coruzzo, Anna
Paparo, Francesco
Boffardi, Massimo
Esposito, Antonella
D'Adamo, Grazia
Malamisura, Basilio
Greco, Luigi
Troncone, Riccardo
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Apr;9(4):320-5; quiz e36. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.09.006. Epub 2010 Sep 17.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: The presence of celiac disease-associated autoantibodies (antiendomysium and antitissue transglutaminase [anti-TG2]) with normal jejunal mucosa indicate potential celiac disease. We performed a prospective, 3-year cohort study to determine the natural history of potential celiac disease in children. METHODS: The study included 106 children with potential celiac disease, based on serology analysis and normal duodenal architecture. All but 2 carried the HLA-DQ2 and/or DQ8 haplotype. In all children, every 6 months, growth, nutritional parameters, celiac disease serology, and autoimmunity were investigated. In biopsies, gammadelta intraepithelial-, CD3-, and lamina propria CD25-positive cells were counted; duodenal deposits of anti-TG2 immunoglobulin A were detected. Biopsy analysis was repeated after 2 years on patients with persistent positive serology and/or symptoms. RESULTS: Celiac disease was detected primarily in first-degree relatives and patients with autoimmune disorders (40.6%). A gluten-free diet was prescribed to 20/106 patients because of symptoms, which were relieved in only 11. Eighty-nine of the 106 patients entered the follow-up study, with normal daily consumption of gluten. During the follow-up antibodies disappeared in 14.6% and fluctuated in 32.6%. Villous atrophy was observed in 12/39 patients (30.8%) who underwent a repeat biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Most children with potential celiac disease remain healthy. After 3 years, approximately 33% of patients develop villous atrophy. Intestinal deposits of anti-TG2 IgA identify children at risk for villous atrophy.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
*Asymptomatic Diseases
Autoantibodies/*blood
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*pathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Humans
Infant
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology
Jejunum/*pathology
Male
Prospective Studies},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {20851213},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2010.09.006},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tovoli, F. and De Giorgio, R. and Caio, G. and Grasso, V. and Frisoni, C. and Serra, M. and Caputo, C. and Stanghellini, V. and Bolondi, L. and Corinaldesi, R. and Volta, U.},
   title = {Autoimmune Hepatitis and Celiac Disease: Case Report Showing an Entero-Hepatic Link},
   journal = {Case Rep Gastroenterol},
   volume = {4},
   number = {3},
   pages = {469-475},
   note = {Tovoli, Francesco
De Giorgio, Roberto
Caio, Giacomo
Grasso, Valentina
Frisoni, Chiara
Serra, Mauro
Caputo, Carla
Stanghellini, Vincenzo
Bolondi, Luigi
Corinaldesi, Roberto
Volta, Umberto
Journal Article
Switzerland
Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct 26;4(3):469-475.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder primarily targeting the small bowel, although extraintestinal extensions have been reported. The autoimmune processes can affect the liver with manifestations such as primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. We describe a 61-year-old woman with celiac disease and an increased levels of aminotransferases. The persistence of increased levels of aminotransferases after 1 year of gluten-free diet and the positivity for an anti-nuclear and anti-double-strand DNA antibodies led to a misdiagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus-related hepatitis. Based on these findings the patient was placed on steroids, which after a few months were stopped because of the onset of diabetes mellitus. Soon after steroid withdrawal, the patient had a marked increase in aminotransferases and gamma-globulins, and a liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis. A course of three months of steroids and azathioprine normalized both biochemical and clinical parameters. Currently the patient is symptom-free and doing well. In conclusion, a hypertransaminasemia persisting after a gluten-free diet should be interpreted as a sign of coexisting autoimmune liver disease. Any autoantibody positivity (in this case to ANA and anti-dsDNA) should be carefully considered in order to avoid misdiagnosis delaying appropriate clinical management.},
   ISSN = {1662-0631 (Print)
1662-0631},
   Accession Number = {21103207},
   DOI = {10.1159/000321992},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Troncone, R. and Kosova, R.},
   title = {Short stature and catch-up growth in celiac disease},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {51 Suppl 3},
   pages = {S137-8},
   note = {1536-4801
Troncone, Riccardo
Kosova, Roberta
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Dec;51 Suppl 3:S137-8. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181f1dd66.},
   keywords = {Adult
Body Height
Celiac Disease/*complications/diet therapy/physiopathology
Child
*Diet, Gluten-Free
*Growth
Growth Disorders/*etiology
Humans},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {21088537},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181f1dd66},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tronconi, G. M. and Parma, B. and Barera, G.},
   title = {[Celiac disease and "gluten sensitivity"]},
   journal = {Pediatr Med Chir},
   volume = {32},
   number = {5},
   pages = {211-5},
   note = {Tronconi, G M
Parma, B
Barera, G
Comparative Study
English Abstract
Journal Article
Italy
Pediatr Med Chir. 2010 Sep-Oct;32(5):211-5.},
   abstract = {It is known that celiac disease is characterized by a huge variety of clinical forms ranging from classical ones to silent forms, potential ones and to an increased number of cases of gluten-sensitivity. The latter is an abnormal non-allergic sensibility to gluten. Clinical manifestations can be very different without a severe intestinal damage (Marsh/Oberhuber 0-I) and this condition seems to benefit from a gluten free diet. Cases of gluten-sensitivity appear very interesting in the search of histological markers with elevated specificity, which are able to identify slight and early gluten dependent enteropathy, especially in at risk patients for celiac disease even before classical autoantibodies appear: for instance, this is the case of intraepithelial lymphocytes T-cell receptor gamma delta and mucosal deposits of class IgA anti transglutaminase antibodies. Other studies are investigating transglutaminase isoenzimes (different from tissue one), that can be identified in patients with gluten dependent symptoms without classical autoantibodies. Forms of gluten allergy have a different pathogenesis from celiac disease and are represented by "backer's asthma" or by classical allergy to wheat proteins. Clinical manifestations can vary from anaphylactic reactions to dermatological, respiratory and intestinal symptoms. Also in these cases the therapeutic approach is based on gluten free diet.},
   keywords = {Adult
Age Factors
*Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/enzymology/epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Glutaminase/metabolism
*Glutens
Humans
*Hypersensitivity
Prevalence
Risk Factors},
   ISSN = {0391-5387 (Print)
0391-5387},
   Accession Number = {21174642},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tsami, A. and Petropoulou, P. and Panayiotou, J. and Mantzavinos, Z. and Roma-Giannikou, E.},
   title = {Oral hygiene and periodontal treatment needs in children and adolescents with coeliac disease in Greece},
   journal = {Eur J Paediatr Dent},
   volume = {11},
   number = {3},
   pages = {122-6},
   note = {Tsami, A
Petropoulou, P
Panayiotou, J
Mantzavinos, Z
Roma-Giannikou, E
Journal Article
Italy
Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2010 Sep;11(3):122-6.},
   abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the factors that influence the oral hygiene and the periodontal treatment needs of children and adolescents with coeliac disease (CD) in Greece. METHODS: The sample consisted of 35 children and adolescents, aged 4-18 years. The evaluation included consideration of the detailed medical history, the duration of CD and of gluten-free diet, the history of oral mucosal findings and a dental questionnaire that included information about oral hygiene habits, symptoms of periodontal disease and dental attendance. The clinical dental examination consisted of the simplified gingival index, the oral hygiene index and the periodontal screening and recording index. STATISTICS: The chi square and logistic regression analysis were performed in order to determine the factors or parameters that had a statistically significant (p </= 0.05) impact on oral hygiene and periodontal treatment needs of children and adolescents with CD. RESULTS: The periodontal treatment need of children and adolescents with CD were high and most of them needed treatment of gingivitis (60.01%) and only a few subjects had a healthy periodontium (34.29%). The periodontal treatment need index, the simplified gingival index and the hygiene index correlated statistically significantly with the presence of a coexisting disease, frequency of tooth brushing, bleeding upon brushing and oral malodor. CONCLUSION: The periodontal treatment need of children and adolescents with CD correlated with factors that related to the presence of a second medical condition and to the personal oral hygiene habits. Additionally, the oral hygiene level and periodontal status of children with CD do not have any specific characteristics but they have similarities to the oral hygiene level and periodontal status of the children of the general population.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/*complications
Chi-Square Distribution
Child
Child, Preschool
Dental Calculus/*complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
Female
Greece
Halitosis/complications
Health Services Needs and Demand
Humans
Logistic Models
Male
Oral Hygiene/utilization
Oral Hygiene Index
Periodontal Diseases/*complications
Periodontal Index
Surveys and Questionnaires
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/complications},
   ISSN = {1591-996X (Print)
1591-996x},
   Accession Number = {21080751},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tuncer, S. and Yeniad, B. and Peksayar, G.},
   title = {Regression of conjunctival tumor during dietary treatment of celiac disease},
   journal = {Indian J Ophthalmol},
   volume = {58},
   number = {5},
   pages = {433-4},
   note = {1998-3689
Tuncer, Samuray
Yeniad, Baris
Peksayar, Gonul
Case Reports
Journal Article
India
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2010 Sep-Oct;58(5):433-4. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.67071.},
   abstract = {A 3-year-old girl presented with a hemorrhagic conjunctival lesion in the right eye. The medical history revealed premature cessation of breast feeding, intolerance to the ingestion of baby foods, anorexia, and abdominal distention. Prior to her referral, endoscopic small intestinal biopsy had been carried out under general anesthesia with a possible diagnosis of Celiac Disease (CD). Her parents did not want their child to undergo general anesthesia for the second time for the excisional biopsy. We decided to follow the patient until all systemic investigations were concluded. In evaluation, the case was diagnosed with CD and the conjunctival tumor showed complete regression during gluten-free dietary treatment. The clinical fleshy appearance of the lesion with spider-like vascular extensions and subconjunctival hemorrhagic spots, possible association with an acquired immune system dysfunction due to CD, and spontaneous regression by a gluten-free diet led us to make a presumed diagnosis of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications/*diet therapy
Child, Preschool
Conjunctival Neoplasms/*etiology/*physiopathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Remission, Spontaneous
Sarcoma, Kaposi/*etiology/*physiopathology},
   ISSN = {0301-4738},
   Accession Number = {20689203},
   DOI = {10.4103/0301-4738.67071},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Turner, J. and Pellerin, G. and Mager, D.},
   title = {Prevalence of metabolic bone disease in children with celiac disease is independent of symptoms at diagnosis},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {49},
   number = {5},
   pages = {589-93},
   note = {1536-4801
Turner, Justine
Pellerin, Genevieve
Mager, Diana
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Nov;49(5):589-93. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819ca18e.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: : Given dietary gluten exposure, growing children with celiac disease may experience malabsorption of nutrients, negatively affecting bone health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of low bone mass in children with celiac disease, according to the presence of symptoms at diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : A retrospective chart review of the Stollery Children's Hospital Celiac Clinic charts (April 1989-September 2007) was conducted. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Demographics, symptoms at presentation, and anthropometric and biochemical data relevant to bone health were recorded. RESULTS: : Seventy-four children (9.6 +/- 3.7 years; range 3.3-16.0 years) were included. Lumbar BMD z scores more than or equal to -1 were observed in 58 cases (65%), z scores below -1 but above -2 were observed in 14 cases (19%) and z scores less than or equal to -2 were observed in 12 cases (16%). There was no significant difference in mean lumbar BMD z scores between symptomatic and asymptomatic children (P = 0.34). When adjusted for bone age and bone surface area, BMD lumbar z score was inversely correlated with age at diagnosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: : An equivalent reduction in spine bone mass was observed in children with celiac disease at diagnosis regardless of the presence of symptoms. Delayed diagnosis of children with celiac disease may increase the risk of adult osteoporosis. Appropriate screening of children at risk of celiac disease for the purpose of early diagnosis, as well as routine evaluation of bone mineral density in such children, are important to prevent long-term complications associated with poor bone health.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Age Factors
*Bone Density
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology
Celiac Disease/*complications/physiopathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Humans
Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology
Prevalence
Retrospective Studies},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {19644400},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819ca18e},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Tursi, A. and Elisei, W. and Giorgetti, G. M. and Brandimarte, G. and Aiello, F.},
   title = {Complications in celiac disease under gluten-free diet},
   journal = {Dig Dis Sci},
   volume = {54},
   number = {10},
   pages = {2175-82},
   note = {1573-2568
Tursi, Antonio
Elisei, Walter
Giorgetti, Gian Marco
Brandimarte, Giovanni
Aiello, Fabio
Journal Article
United States
Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Oct;54(10):2175-82. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0595-1. Epub 2008 Dec 5.},
   abstract = {We assessed the onset of malignant and nonmalignant complications in a cohort of celiac disease (CD) patients under gluten-free diet (GFD). Five hundred and forty-nine CD patients were retrospectively assessed. Two hundred and fifty-one (45.7%) showed classical, 262 (47.7%) subclinical, and 36 (6.6%) silent form of CD at the time of the diagnosis. The mean time under GFD was 7.13 years (range 1-15 years). Out of 549 patients, 381 (69.4%) were fully compliant, 112/549 (20.4%) reported less than one dietary transgression/month, and 56/549 (10.2%) reported at least one dietary transgression/month. Out of 549 patients, 18 (3.3%) patients developed complications under GFD (seven malignant and 11 nonmalignant complications). Fourteen patients were previously affected by classical CD (5.6% of the overall patients with classical CD), and four were affected by subclinical CD (1.5% of the overall patients with subclinical CD). None of the patients affected by silent CD developed complications. There was no statistical difference between the mean age of the two groups developing complications (P = n.s.). Complications appeared after a mean time under GFD of 6.5 years in classical CD, and after a mean time of 3.5 years in subclinical CD (P = n.s.). Finally, 6/14 (42.8%) patients with classical CD were not fully compliant to GFD, while 2/4 (50%) of subclinical CD patients were not fully compliant to GFD (P = n.s.). Less than 5% of CD patients may develop complications under GFD. Complications seem to affect more classical CD than subclinical CD, and seem to be irrespective of optimal GFD adherence.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications/diet therapy
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans
Patient Compliance
Retrospective Studies
Time Factors},
   ISSN = {0163-2116},
   Accession Number = {19058000},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10620-008-0595-1},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ukkola, A. and Maki, M. and Kurppa, K. and Collin, P. and Huhtala, H. and Kekkonen, L. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Diet improves perception of health and well-being in symptomatic, but not asymptomatic, patients with celiac disease},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {9},
   number = {2},
   pages = {118-23},
   note = {1542-7714
Ukkola, Anniina
Maki, Markku
Kurppa, Kalle
Collin, Pekka
Huhtala, Heini
Kekkonen, Leila
Kaukinen, Katri
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Feb;9(2):118-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.10.011. Epub 2010 Oct 26.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: The benefits of serologic screening and early diagnosis of celiac disease in asymptomatic patients are not known. We investigated the impact of a gluten-free diet on self-perceived health and well-being in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with celiac disease. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 698 consecutive adults newly diagnosed with celiac disease because of classic (n = 490) or extraintestinal (n = 62) symptoms or through screening of at-risk groups (n = 146; 23 were asymptomatic and analyzed separately). The survey included questions on health and well-being; quality of life was evaluated by the psychological general well-being (PGWB) questionnaire. Patients were followed for 1 year of treatment; 110 healthy subjects served as controls. RESULTS: On a gluten-free diet, self-perceived health improved significantly among patients with classic symptoms and those detected by screening. Patients in all groups were equally concerned about their health before the diagnosis, but anxiety was alleviated by the gluten-free diet. At diagnosis, the quality of life reduced among all 3 groups but improved significantly among patients on the diet. Among the 23 asymptomatic patients, perception of health worsened and concern about health increased while they were on the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Self-perceived health and well-being were low among patients at the time they were diagnosed with celiac disease. Most patients benefited from a gluten-free diet, so it is important to identify patients with celiac disease. Perception of health decreased among asymptomatic cases, which discourages population-based screening.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/psychology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
*Health Status
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
*Quality of Life
Self Concept
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {21029791},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2010.10.011},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Uslu, N. and Demir, H. and Karagoz, T. and Saltik-Temizel, I. N.},
   title = {Dilated cardiomyopathy in celiac disease: role of carnitine deficiency},
   journal = {Acta Gastroenterol Belg},
   volume = {73},
   number = {4},
   pages = {530-1},
   note = {Uslu, N
Demir, H
Karagoz, T
Saltik-Temizel, I N
Case Reports
Journal Article
Belgium
Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2010 Oct-Dec;73(4):530-1.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy in genetically susceptible persons and the disease can present with manifestations in the intestine and in organs outside the gut. An increased prevalence of CD in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or secondary cardiomyopathy and some other cardiac disorders has been reported. Here is described a case of dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with CD and secondary carnitine deficiency. Dilated cardiomyopathy due to carnitine deficiency may occur in CD patients and carnitine deficiency may present not only at the time of diagnosis of CD but it may also develop during gluten-free diet, particularly in patients with fast weight gain and without carnitine supplementation.},
   keywords = {Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/*etiology
Carnitine/*deficiency
Celiac Disease/*complications
Child
Female
Humans
Vitamin B Deficiency/*complications},
   ISSN = {1784-3227 (Print)
1784-3227},
   Accession Number = {21299168},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vakiani, E. and Arguelles-Grande, C. and Mansukhani, M. M. and Lewis, S. K. and Rotterdam, H. and Green, P. H. and Bhagat, G.},
   title = {Collagenous sprue is not always associated with dismal outcomes: a clinicopathological study of 19 patients},
   journal = {Mod Pathol},
   volume = {23},
   number = {1},
   pages = {12-26},
   note = {1530-0285
Vakiani, Efsevia
Arguelles-Grande, Carolina
Mansukhani, Mahesh M
Lewis, Suzanne K
Rotterdam, Heidrun
Green, Peter H
Bhagat, Govind
Journal Article
United States
Mod Pathol. 2010 Jan;23(1):12-26. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.151. Epub 2009 Oct 23.},
   abstract = {Collagenous sprue is associated with high morbidity; however, the etiology of this disorder is unclear. Data regarding the pathological and clinical manifestations of patients with collagenous sprue are also limited. We, thus, undertook this study to gain insight into the etiology, disease manifestations and outcomes of collagenous sprue. We searched our departmental database (1999-2008) to identify cases of collagenous sprue and to obtain clinical and laboratory data. Small bowel histology, including thickness of subepithelial collagen, intra-epithelial lymphocyte phenotype and results of T-cell clonality assays were evaluated. Nineteen patients (15 women, 4 men, age 22-80 years, mean 57 years) were identified. Seventeen (89%) had celiac disease and two had unclassified sprue; 9 of 17 (53%) celiac disease patients had refractory disease; 5 of 15 (33%) lacked diarrhea (atypical presentation), including 2 of 6 (33%) with active (untreated) celiac disease and 3 of 9 (33%) with refractory celiac disease. Autoimmune disorders were seen in 12 of 19 (63%) patients and microscopic colitis (n=7), lymphocytic gastritis (n=2) or collagenous gastritis (n=2) were seen in nine patients. Subepithelial collagen thickness was mildly (n=6), moderately (n=10), or markedly (n=3) increased and villous atrophy was total (n=13) or subtotal (n=6). Phenotypically aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes were not detected in any case. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a dominant T-cell clone in the only patient with refractory celiac disease type II. Histological improvement occurred in 7 of 11 (64%) patients. Overall, 8 of 19 (42%) responded to gluten-free diet, including 2 of 9 (22%) with refractory celiac disease and 10 responded to immunomodulatory therapy, including 6 of 9 (67%) with refractory celiac disease. Only one patient died from complications of refractory celiac disease. No patient developed lymphoma. The vast majority of our patients with collagenous sprue had celiac disease. Although, many patients required immunomodulatory therapy for symptom control, a subset responded to gluten-free diet alone. In our experience, collagenous sprue patients had relatively good clinical outcomes.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Celiac Disease/immunology/*pathology
Cell Separation
Female
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Male
Middle Aged
T-Lymphocytes/pathology},
   ISSN = {0893-3952},
   Accession Number = {19855376},
   DOI = {10.1038/modpathol.2009.151},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Valletta, E. and Fornaro, M. and Cipolli, M. and Conte, S. and Bissolo, F. and Danchielli, C.},
   title = {Celiac disease and obesity: need for nutritional follow-up after diagnosis},
   journal = {Eur J Clin Nutr},
   volume = {64},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1371-2},
   note = {1476-5640
Valletta, E
Fornaro, M
Cipolli, M
Conte, S
Bissolo, F
Danchielli, C
Journal Article
England
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Nov;64(11):1371-2. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.161. Epub 2010 Aug 18.},
   abstract = {More than 20 years of serological approach to diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) has deeply changed the classical clinical presentation of the disease, and some reports indicate that CD and obesity can coexist in both childhood and adolescence. We reviewed clinical records of 149 children with CD followed in our institution between 1991 and 2007, considering weight, height and body mass index (BMI), both at diagnosis and after at least 12 months of gluten-free diet (GFD). In all, 11% of patients had BMI z-score >+1 and 3% were obese (z-score >+2) at presentation. In our population, there was a significant (P=0.008) increase in BMI z-score after GFD and the percentage of overweight (z-score >+1) subjects almost doubled (11 vs 21%, P=0.03). Our data suggest the need for a careful follow-up of nutritional status after diagnosis of CD, especially addressing those who are already overweight at presentation.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Body Mass Index
Celiac Disease/*complications/diet therapy
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free/*adverse effects
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Nutritional Status
Obesity/epidemiology/*etiology
Prevalence
Retrospective Studies},
   ISSN = {0954-3007},
   Accession Number = {20717130},
   DOI = {10.1038/ejcn.2010.161},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {van de Water, J. M. and Mulder, C. J.},
   title = {Celiac disease: Assessment of quality of life},
   journal = {Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {6},
   number = {4},
   pages = {204-5},
   note = {1759-5053
van de Water, Jolanda M W
Mulder, Chris J J
News
England
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Apr;6(4):204-5. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2009.37.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*diet therapy/epidemiology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans
Mass Screening
Patient Compliance
*Quality of Life
Risk Factors
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {1759-5045},
   Accession Number = {19347011},
   DOI = {10.1038/nrgastro.2009.37},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {van der Windt, D. A. and Jellema, P. and Mulder, C. J. and Kneepkens, C. M. and van der Horst, H. E.},
   title = {Diagnostic testing for celiac disease among patients with abdominal symptoms: a systematic review},
   journal = {Jama},
   volume = {303},
   number = {17},
   pages = {1738-46},
   note = {1538-3598
van der Windt, Danielle A W M
Jellema, Petra
Mulder, Chris J
Kneepkens, C M Frank
van der Horst, Henriette E
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
United States
JAMA. 2010 May 5;303(17):1738-46. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.549.},
   abstract = {CONTEXT: The symptoms and consequences of celiac disease usually resolve with a lifelong gluten-free diet. However, clinical presentation is variable and most patients presenting with abdominal symptoms in primary care will not have celiac disease and unnecessary diagnostic testing should be avoided. OBJECTIVE: To summarize evidence on the performance of diagnostic tests for identifying celiac disease in adults presenting with abdominal symptoms in primary care or similar settings. DATA SOURCES: A literature search via MEDLINE (beginning in January 1966) and EMBASE (beginning in January 1947) through December 2009 and a manual search of references for additional relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION: Diagnostic studies were selected if they had a cohort or nested case-control design, enrolled adults presenting with nonacute abdominal symptoms, the prevalence of celiac disease was 15% or less, and the tests used included gastrointestinal symptoms or serum antibody tests. DATA EXTRACTION: Quality assessment using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool and data extraction were performed by 2 reviewers independently. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated for each study and pooled estimates were computed using bivariate analysis if there was clinical and statistical homogeneity. DATA SYNTHESIS: Sixteen studies were included in the review (N = 6085 patients). The performance of abdominal symptoms varied widely. The sensitivity of diarrhea, for example, ranged from 0.27 to 0.86 and specificity from 0.21 to 0.86. Pooled estimates for IgA antiendomysial antibodies (8 studies) were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.95) for sensitivity and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00) for specificity (positive likelihood ratio [LR] of 171 and negative LR of 0.11). Pooled estimates for IgA antitissue transglutaminase antibodies (7 studies) were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82-0.94) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95-0.99), respectively (positive LR of 37.7 and negative LR of 0.11). The IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies showed variable results, especially for sensitivity (range, 0.46-0.87 and range, 0.25-0.93, respectively). One recent study using diamidated gliadin peptides showed good specificity (> or = 0.94), but evidence is limited in this target population. CONCLUSION: Among adult patients presenting with abdominal symptoms in primary care or other unselected populations, IgA antitissue transglutaminase antibodies and IgA antiendomysial antibodies have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Adult
Biomarkers/analysis
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology
*Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System
Diarrhea/etiology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/analysis
Primary Health Care
Sensitivity and Specificity},
   ISSN = {0098-7484},
   Accession Number = {20442390},
   DOI = {10.1001/jama.2010.549},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {van Koppen, E. J. and Schweizer, J. J. and Csizmadia, C. G. and Krom, Y. and Hylkema, H. B. and van Geel, A. M. and Koopman, H. M. and Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. and Mearin, M. L.},
   title = {Long-term health and quality-of-life consequences of mass screening for childhood celiac disease: a 10-year follow-up study},
   journal = {Pediatrics},
   volume = {123},
   number = {4},
   pages = {e582-8},
   note = {1098-4275
van Koppen, Ellen J
Schweizer, Joachim J
Csizmadia, Cassandra G D S
Krom, Yvonne
Hylkema, Herbertien B
van Geel, Annemarie M
Koopman, Hendrik M
Verloove-Vanhorick, S Pauline
Mearin, Maria Luisa
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Pediatrics. 2009 Apr;123(4):e582-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2221.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Mass screening for celiac disease is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine whether detection of childhood celiac disease by mass screening improves long-term health status and health-related quality of life. METHODS: We conducted a prospective 10-year follow-up study of 32 children who were aged 2 to 4 years, had celiac disease identified by mass screening, and had a gluten-free diet (19) or a normal gluten-containing diet (13). The follow-up included assessments of general health status, celiac disease-associated symptoms, celiac disease-associated serum antibodies, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Ten years after mass screening, 81% of the children were adhering to a gluten-free diet. The health status improved in 66% of the treated children: in 41% by early treatment and in 25% by prevention of the gluten-dependent symptoms that they developed after diagnosis. For 19% of the children, treatment after screening would not have improved their health status, because they had no symptoms at screening and have remained symptom-free while consuming gluten. The health-related quality of life of the children with symptoms improved significantly after 1 year of gluten-free diet. Ten years after screening, the health-related quality of life of the children with celiac disease was similar to that of the reference population. CONCLUSION: Identification by mass screening led 10 years later to health improvement in 66% of children without deterioration of generic health-related quality of life. There is a good compliance after mass screening. In a research setting, delaying treatment for children without symptoms seems to be an option after a positive screening test. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess possible long-term complications in untreated, nonsymptomatic celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Growth Disorders/etiology
Health Status
Humans
Male
Mass Screening
Patient Compliance
Prospective Studies
Quality of Life
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0031-4005},
   Accession Number = {19336349},
   DOI = {10.1542/peds.2008-2221},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {van Wayenburg, C. A. and van Binsbergen, J. J. and van den Berg, M. G. and Merkx, M. A. and van Staveren, W. A. and Rasmussen-Conrad, E. and van Weel, C.},
   title = {Improving nutritional management within high-risk groups},
   journal = {Br J Gen Pract},
   volume = {59},
   number = {565},
   pages = {595-6},
   note = {1478-5242
van Wayenburg, Caroline A M
van Binsbergen, Jaap J
van den Berg, Manon G A
Merkx, Matthias A W
van Staveren, Wija A
Rasmussen-Conrad, Ellen
van Weel, Chris
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
Br J Gen Pract. 2009 Aug;59(565):595-6. doi: 10.3399/bjgp09X453819.},
   abstract = {The current pitfalls and future possibilities of nutritional management are discussed by two patients with tongue cancer who have suffered from substantial weight loss. Their nutritional problems are illustrative of those among other (cancer) patient groups. The main concerns are the lack of early case finding and dietary treatment, and insufficient nutritional information transfer through referral letters. The GP as a central and longitudinal caretaker faces challenges in improving nutritional management.},
   keywords = {Aged, 80 and over
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects
Cachexia/*etiology
Celiac Disease/complications
Chronic Disease
Female
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Middle Aged
Pharyngeal Diseases/*complications/drug therapy
Tongue Neoplasms/*complications},
   ISSN = {0960-1643},
   Accession Number = {22751235},
   DOI = {10.3399/bjgp09X453819},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vande Voort, J. L. and Murray, J. A. and Lahr, B. D. and Van Dyke, C. T. and Kroning, C. M. and Moore, S. B. and Wu, T. T.},
   title = {Lymphocytic duodenosis and the spectrum of celiac disease},
   journal = {Am J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {104},
   number = {1},
   pages = {142-8},
   note = {1572-0241
Vande Voort, Jennifer L
Murray, Joseph A
Lahr, Brian D
Van Dyke, Carol T
Kroning, Cynthia M
Moore, S Breanndan
Wu, Tsung-Teh
M01 RR000585/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
R01 AG034676/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK071003/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK057892/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
M01 RR000585-332061/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
M01 RR 00585/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
M01 RR000585-342061/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
R01 AR030582-42/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK057892-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
AR 30582/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK071003-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK 57982/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 AR030582/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
DK 073001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK057892-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan;104(1):142-8. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2008.7.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small bowel that is characterized by increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and villous atrophy of the mucosa. It is unclear how often intraepithelial lymphocytosis in the absence of atrophy is a manifestation of gluten sensitive enteropathy. The objective of this study was to identify factors that discriminate patients with CD from those with lymphocytic duodenosis (LD, intraepithelial lymphocytosis without villous atrophy). We compared Class 2 HLA type, presenting symptoms, and serology in patients with LD and CD. METHODS: Retrospective review of 124 systematically assessed patients with LD compared with 454 CD patients with villous atrophy. All patients had duodenal biopsies and Class 2 HLA typing performed. HLA type, symptoms, serology pattern, and response to a gluten-free diet were analyzed using univariate logistic regression modeling, adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: Half of the (63 (51%)) LD patients lack the Class 2 HLA genotypes encoding DQ2 or DQ8 whereas only 11 (2%) CD patients had neither DQ2 nor DQ8, P<0.001. The genes encoding DQ2 were much more prevalent in CD (91%) than that in LD (37%, P<0.001), however, the rate of carriage of DQ8 did not differ between the two groups (15% vs. 15%, P=0.9). Although diarrhea and weight loss were equally frequent in LD and CD patients, LD patients were less likely to be associated with anemia (P=0.007), malaise (P=0.006), skin disorder (P=0.007), or a family history of CD (P<0.001). The LD subjects were much less likely to have tissue transglutaminase or endomysial antibodies than were CD subjects (12% or 0% vs. 87% and 87%; P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The LD cohort differs significantly in terms of HLA type, serology, and clinical features, suggesting that the majority of patients with LD do not belong in the spectrum of CD.},
   keywords = {Adult
Atrophy
Autoantibodies/blood
Biopsy, Needle
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/genetics/*pathology
Duodenal Diseases/diagnosis/genetics/pathology
Duodenum/*pathology
Female
GTP-Binding Proteins/blood
Genes, MHC Class II/genetics
Genotype
Gliadin/blood
HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/immunology
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Lymphocytes/*pathology
Male
Transglutaminases/blood},
   ISSN = {0002-9270},
   Accession Number = {19098862},
   DOI = {10.1038/ajg.2008.7},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vecsei, A. K. and Graf, U. B. and Vogelsang, H.},
   title = {Follow-up of adult celiac patients: which noninvasive test reflects mucosal status most reliably?1},
   journal = {Endoscopy},
   volume = {41},
   number = {2},
   pages = {123-8},
   note = {1438-8812
Vecsei, A K
Graf, U B
Vogelsang, H
Controlled Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Germany
Endoscopy. 2009 Feb;41(2):123-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1103484. Epub 2009 Feb 12.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: SPECIFIC AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS: Andreas Vecsei, MD, and Ulrike Graf wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to study design, data collection and analysis, and approved the final draft for submission. The corresponding author declares that the manuscript is submitted on behalf of all authors. BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The best mode of follow-up in celiac disease has not yet been established. The intention of this study was to clarify which noninvasive follow-up investigation - serological tests or intestinal permeability test (IPT) - correlates best with histology and whether the interval between diagnosis and follow-up affects the accuracy of these tests. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from adult patients with celiac disease (diagnosed between December 1989 and July 2006) followed up with biopsy, IPT, and serological tests [IgG anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA-IgG), AGA-IgA, and endomysial antibodies (EMA)] were retrieved from a computerized database. Results of noninvasive tests were compared with the persistence of villous atrophy on biopsy. Patients were divided into groups A, which comprised patients followed up within 2 years after diagnosis, and B, comprising patients followed up later than 2 years. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were evaluable. The lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio had a sensitivity of 85 % and a specificity of 46.2 % for mucosal atrophy, whereas saccharose excretion showed a sensitivity of 60 % and a specificity of 52.6 %. The sensitivities of AGA-IgA and AGA-IgG were 15 % and 20 %, respectively, while specificity was 100 % for both. Validity of AGA was limited due to low number of positive results. EMA assay was 50 % sensitive and 77.8 % specific. In group A (n = 23) L/M ratio performed best in terms of sensitivity (88.9 %), whereas EMA achieved a higher specificity (71.4 %). In group B, the sensitivity of the L/M ratio decreased to 85.7 %, while the specificity of EMA increased to 91.7 %. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, none of the noninvasive tests was an accurate substitute for follow-up biopsy in detecting severe mucosal damage.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Celiac Disease/blood/diet therapy/*pathology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gliadin/immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*blood
Immunoglobulin G/*blood
Intestinal Absorption/*physiology
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Predictive Value of Tests
Reproducibility of Results
Serologic Tests
Time Factors
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0013-726x},
   Accession Number = {19214890},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0028-1103484},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Veen, M. and te Molder, H. F. and Gremmen, B. and van Woerkum, C.},
   title = {Quitting is not an option: An analysis of online diet talk between celiac disease patients},
   journal = {Health (London)},
   volume = {14},
   number = {1},
   pages = {23-40},
   note = {1461-7196
Veen, Mario
te Molder, Hedwig F M
Gremmen, Bart
van Woerkum, Cees
Journal Article
England
Health (London). 2010 Jan;14(1):23-40. doi: 10.1177/1363459309347478.},
   abstract = {This is an empirical study of the way in which celiac disease patients manage the risk of gluten intake in their everyday life.The article examines naturally occurring conversational data in order to study how patients cope interactionally with constantly being at risk in their day-to-day living. They reject quitting the diet as a valid option, and instead construct a 'diet world' in which dietary transgression is presented as an integrated part of everyday life. In this way, patients can manage occasional diet lapses without putting the validity of the diet itself at stake. By examining how the gluten-free diet is treated in interaction, we find out more about the pre-existing everyday strategies that have to be taken into account when new therapies are being introduced.},
   keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
*Internet
Patient Compliance/*psychology
Self-Help Groups},
   ISSN = {1363-4593},
   Accession Number = {20051428},
   DOI = {10.1177/1363459309347478},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Venkatasubramani, N. and Telega, G. and Werlin, S. L.},
   title = {Obesity in pediatric celiac disease},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {51},
   number = {3},
   pages = {295-7},
   note = {1536-4801
Venkatasubramani, Narayanan
Telega, Grzegorz
Werlin, Steven L
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Sep;51(3):295-7. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d1365a.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Celiac disease (CD) is a T cell-mediated chronic autoimmune enteropathy occurring in genetically susceptible individuals, and manifested by a permanent intolerance to gluten-containing products. CD commonly presents in children as failure to thrive and malabsorption or after screening high-risk groups such as people with diabetes. Almost half of adult patients with CD have a body mass index (BMI) >25 at diagnosis. Classic symptoms like diarrhea are less common in obese patients. Few children have been reported with CD and obesity. Because many children with newly diagnosed CD are identified by screening high-risk groups, obesity is more common than previously suspected. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity at diagnosis in children with CD and to describe the clinical characteristics of this group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 143 patients with CD diagnosed between 1986 and 2003 at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. Data collected included patient's age, sex, ethnicity, presenting signs and symptoms, BMI, celiac antibody titers, small-intestinal biopsy results, and follow-up weight 1 year after initiating a gluten-free diet (GFD). RESULTS: Seven of the 143 (5%) patients had BMI >95th percentile. The most common presenting symptoms among obese patients were abdominal pain, diabetes, and diarrhea. Symptoms improved in all of the patients on a GFD. BMI decreased in 4 (50%), increased in 2 (25%), and was not available in 1 patient at 1 year after starting on GFD. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is more common in children with CD than previously recognized. In the appropriate clinical setting, CD must be considered even in obese children.},
   keywords = {Abdominal Pain/etiology
Adolescent
Body Mass Index
Celiac Disease/*complications
Child
Diabetes Mellitus/etiology
Diarrhea/etiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
Obesity/*complications/epidemiology
Prevalence
Retrospective Studies},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {20479683},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d1365a},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Verbeek, W. H. and von Blomberg, B. M. and Coupe, V. M. and Daum, S. and Mulder, C. J. and Schreurs, M. W.},
   title = {Aberrant T-lymphocytes in refractory coeliac disease are not strictly confined to a small intestinal intraepithelial localization},
   journal = {Cytometry B Clin Cytom},
   volume = {76},
   number = {6},
   pages = {367-74},
   note = {1552-4957
Verbeek, W H M
von Blomberg, B M E
Coupe, V M H
Daum, S
Mulder, C J J
Schreurs, M W J
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2009 Nov;76(6):367-74. doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.20481.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Refractory coeliac disease (RCD) is characterized by persisting mucosal pathology in spite of a strict gluten free diet (GFD). In RCD type II, phenotypically aberrant (CD7+CD3-CD4/8-cytoplasmicCD3+) T-lymphocytes are present within the intraepitelial lymphocyte (IEL) population in the small intestine, and 50-60% of these patients develops an enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL). AIM: To investigate whether aberrant T-lymphocytes in RCD II can be detected in other parts of the small intestinal mucosa besides the intraepithelial compartment. Additionally, the presence of aberrant T-lymphocytes was analyzed in two RCD II patients that developed atypical skin lesions. METHODS: Multiparameter flow cytometric immunophenotyping was performed on both IEL and lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) cell suspensions, isolated from small bowel biopsy specimens of RCD II patients (n = 14), and on cutaneous lymphocytes isolated from skin-lesion biopsy specimens of RCD II patients (n = 2). In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of frozen RCD II derived small intestinal biopsies was performed. RESULTS: Our results clearly show that aberrant T-lymphocytes may be present in both the IEL and the LPL compartments of RCD II derived small intestinal biopsies. Although the highest percentages are always present in the IEL compartment, aberrant LPL can exceed 20% of total LPL in half the RCD II patients. Interestingly, cutaneous lymphocytes isolated from atypical skin lesions that developed in some RCD II patients showed a similar aberrant immunophenotype as found in the intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: In RCD II, the aberrant T-lymphocytes may also reside in the subepithelial layer of the small intestinal mucosa, in the lamina propria, and even in extraintestinal localizations including the skin. Whether this phenomenon represents a passive overflow from the intestinal epithelium or active trafficking towards other anatomical localizations remains to be elucidated. RCD II appears to be a disseminated disease, which may impose the risk of EATL development outside the intestine.},
   keywords = {Aged
Antigens, CD/genetics/immunology
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*immunology/pathology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Disease Progression
Female
Humans
Immunophenotyping
*Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology/pathology
*Intestine, Small/cytology/immunology/pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Skin/immunology/pathology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology/physiology
T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/physiology
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {1552-4949},
   Accession Number = {19444812},
   DOI = {10.1002/cyto.b.20481},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Verdu, E. F. and Armstrong, D. and Murray, J. A.},
   title = {Between celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome: the "no man's land" of gluten sensitivity},
   journal = {Am J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {104},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1587-94},
   note = {1572-0241
Verdu, Elena F
Armstrong, David
Murray, Joseph A
R01 DK057892/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK071003/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
United States
Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jun;104(6):1587-94. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.188.},
   abstract = {The repertoire of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms is finite; however, the etiologies and mechanisms underlying symptom generation and perception are diverse and, in many cases, unknown. This review examines the clinical and experimental evidence exploring the putative relationship between gluten sensitivity (GS) and the generation of GI symptoms. It explores the hypothesis that, in a proportion of patients, GS causes functional bowel disorder (FBD)-like symptoms. We propose a model for investigating and understanding the induction of GI symptoms and dysfunction by gluten in FBD and organic disease. We hypothesize that, even in the absence of fully developed celiac disease, gluten can induce symptoms similar to FBD. We discuss the hypothesis that GS and post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) provide two triggers that can explain at least part of the spectrum that constitutes IBS, further advancing an understanding of the role of mucosal responses to luminal factors in FBDs. We propose that the animal model of GS in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- DQ8 mice allows investigation of mucosal pathophysiological changes that occur before the onset of full-blown inflammation in a GS host. A better understanding of how gluten can cause symptoms in sensitive individuals will illuminate the interaction between host genotype, diet, and intestinal microbiota in generating one of the most common GI conditions.},
   keywords = {Animals
Celiac Disease/*etiology
Glutens/*adverse effects
Humans
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*etiology
Prognosis
Risk Factors},
   ISSN = {0002-9270},
   Accession Number = {19455131},
   DOI = {10.1038/ajg.2009.188},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vereckei, E. and Mester, A. and Hodinka, L. and Temesvari, P. and Kiss, E. and Poor, G.},
   title = {Back pain and sacroiliitis in long-standing adult celiac disease: a cross-sectional and follow-up study},
   journal = {Rheumatol Int},
   volume = {30},
   number = {4},
   pages = {455-60},
   note = {1437-160x
Vereckei, Edit
Mester, Adam
Hodinka, Laszlo
Temesvari, Peter
Kiss, Emese
Poor, Gyula
Journal Article
Germany
Rheumatol Int. 2010 Feb;30(4):455-60. doi: 10.1007/s00296-009-0979-3. Epub 2009 Jun 6.},
   abstract = {There have been only scattered reports suggesting that musculoskeletal manifestations including back pain and sacroiliac joint involvement may be associated with celiac disease. In order to confirm this issue in a larger cohort, rheumatic manifestations were analyzed in 21 adult celiac patients using a comprehensive clinical, laboratory and radiological analysis. The diagnosis of celiac disease was based on the histopathology of jejunal biopsy specimens. The mean duration of celiac disease was 15 (0-31) years. All patients were currently on gluten-free diet and none of the patients had gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of the study. Using various imaging techniques, involvement of the sacroiliac joints was confirmed in 70% of celiac patients. Imaging revealed different morphological changes in the sacroiliac joint, e.g. accumulation of synovial fluid, synovitis, erosion with concomitant sclerosis, sacroiliitis or calcification of the ligament. These changes probably represent different clinical stages and/or manifestations of the same process. In a follow-up study of eight patients, after 11 years on a gluten-free diet, the great majority of patients had no clinical symptoms; yet, a subclinical progression of the sacroiliac joint involvement could be verified. Our results suggest the importance of regular rheumatologic follow-up of patients with celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Arthritis/epidemiology/*pathology/physiopathology
Back Pain/epidemiology/*pathology/physiopathology
Celiac Disease/epidemiology/*pathology/physiopathology
Comorbidity
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Hungary/epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Sacroiliac Joint/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
Tomography, X-Ray Computed},
   ISSN = {0172-8172},
   Accession Number = {19504097},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00296-009-0979-3},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vereckei, E. and Poor, G. and Kiss, E.},
   title = {[Genetic and immunological processes in the pathomechanism of gluten-sensitive enteropathy and associated metabolic bone disorders]},
   journal = {Orv Hetil},
   volume = {151},
   number = {10},
   pages = {372-7},
   note = {Vereckei, Edit
Poor, Gyula
Kiss, Emese
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
Hungary
Orv Hetil. 2010 Mar 7;151(10):372-7. doi: 10.1556/OH.2010.28827.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy is the most common disease of jejunum, leading to malabsorption. It is an immune mediated disease induced by gluten at the presence of genetic predisposition. After gluten exposition, immune processes are induced by T-cell mediation causing typical intestinal and extra intestinal manifestations. The diagnosis of celiac disease is still set up on the result of jejunal biopsy and detecting of antibodies against endomysium and tissue transglutaminase. From genetic aspect, association with HLA DQ2/DQ8 is identified in celiac disease. On a strict gluten-free diet, the clinical, histological and serological results improve and remission of accompanying diseases may be achieved. In the etiopathogenesis of celiac disease several genetic and immunological mechanisms have been recognized in recent years. Connected to the accompanying diseases, more reviews have been issued about the bone metabolic changes and less about the inflammatory join disorders. In the present work, the authors review literature data that reveal common background from both immunological and genetic aspects.},
   keywords = {Adaptive Immunity
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis/*genetics/*immunology
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/*genetics/*immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans
Severity of Illness Index
T-Lymphocytes/immunology},
   ISSN = {0030-6002 (Print)
0030-6002},
   Accession Number = {20178968},
   DOI = {10.1556/oh.2010.28827},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vereckei, E. and Szodoray, P. and Poor, G. and Kiss, E.},
   title = {Genetic and immunological processes in the pathomechanism of gluten-sensitive enteropathy and associated metabolic bone disorders},
   journal = {Autoimmun Rev},
   volume = {10},
   number = {6},
   pages = {336-40},
   note = {1873-0183
Vereckei, Edit
Szodoray, Peter
Poor, Gyula
Kiss, Emese
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Autoimmun Rev. 2011 Apr;10(6):336-40. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.001. Epub 2010 Dec 21.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease, or gluten sensitive enteropathy is a relatively common disease of the jejunum, leading to malabsorption. It is an immune mediated disease, induced by gluten on the grounds of a specific genetic makeup. After gluten exposition immune processes are induced mainly by T-cells, causing typical intestinal and extra intestinal manifestations. The diagnosis of celiac disease is based on jejunal biopsy histology and the presence of antibodies against endomysium and tissue transglutaminase. Genetically, celiac disease is associated with HLA DQ2/DQ8. Strict gluten-free diet improves the clinical, histological and serological picture and remission may be achieved. In the etiopathogenesis of celiac disease several genetic and immunological mechanisms have been recognized in the recent years. Concerning accompanying diseases/extraintestinal manifestations, several disorders have been shown, including rheumatological diseases. In celiac disease, bone metabolic changes are more frequent compared to the prevalence of inflammatory join disorders. In this review, we aim to give an overview on various aspects of the genetic and immunological processes in the pathomechanism of gluten-sensitive enteropathy and associated metabolic bone disorders.},
   keywords = {*Bone Diseases, Metabolic/complications/genetics/immunology/metabolism
*Celiac Disease/complications/genetics/immunology
Glutens/*immunology
Humans},
   ISSN = {1568-9972},
   Accession Number = {21172460},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.001},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Verhasselt, V.},
   title = {Neonatal tolerance under breastfeeding influence},
   journal = {Curr Opin Immunol},
   volume = {22},
   number = {5},
   pages = {623-30},
   note = {1879-0372
Verhasselt, Valerie
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
England
Curr Opin Immunol. 2010 Oct;22(5):623-30. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.08.008. Epub 2010 Sep 28.},
   abstract = {Diseases due to defect in tolerance induction such as allergy, celiac disease, or Type 1 Diabetes develop mostly in childhood indicating the necessity of early intervention for primary prevention. Epidemiological studies report that breastfeeding could protect from these diseases. However, data are controversial and the mechanisms unclear. Experimental data suggest that breastfeeding-induced protection might rely on tolerance induction as long as some criteria are fulfilled. Thus, the tolerogenic potential of breast milk would depend on maternal exposure to common environmental and dietary antigens and the efficiency of antigen transfer across mammary epithelium. Induction of tolerance upon breast milk-mediated antigen transfer will also depend on the presence of immunomodulatory factors in breast milk and of its impact on neonatal gut and immune system maturation. The better understanding of maternal influence on tolerance induction through breastfeeding should allow the development of new strategies to prevent immune-mediated diseases.},
   keywords = {Animals
*Breast Feeding
Female
Humans
Immune Tolerance/*immunology
Infant, Newborn
Milk, Human/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0952-7915},
   Accession Number = {20851590},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.coi.2010.08.008},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Verhasselt, V.},
   title = {Oral tolerance in neonates: from basics to potential prevention of allergic disease},
   journal = {Mucosal Immunol},
   volume = {3},
   number = {4},
   pages = {326-33},
   note = {1935-3456
Verhasselt, V
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
United States
Mucosal Immunol. 2010 Jul;3(4):326-33. doi: 10.1038/mi.2010.25. Epub 2010 May 19.},
   abstract = {Oral tolerance refers to the observation that prior feeding of an antigen induces local and systemic immune tolerance to that antigen. Physiologically, this process is probably of central importance for preventing inflammatory responses to the numerous dietary and microbial antigens present in the gut. Defective oral tolerance can lead to gut inflammatory disease, food allergies, and celiac disease. In the last two cases, the diseases develop early in life, stressing the necessity of understanding how oral tolerance is set up in neonates. This article reviews the parameters that have been outlined in adult animal models as necessary for tolerance induction and assesses whether these factors operate in neonates. In addition, we highlight the factors that are specific for this period of life and discuss how they could have an impact on oral tolerance. We pay particular attention to maternal influence on early oral tolerance induction through breast-feeding and outline the major parameters that could be modified to optimize tolerance induction in early life and possibly prevent allergic diseases.},
   keywords = {Administration, Oral
Adult
Animals
Breast Feeding
Disease Models, Animal
Female
Humans
Hypersensitivity/*immunology/prevention & control
*Immune Tolerance
*Immunity, Mucosal
Infant, Newborn
Maternal Exposure/prevention & control},
   ISSN = {1933-0219},
   Accession Number = {20485330},
   DOI = {10.1038/mi.2010.25},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vieira, C. and Matos, M. and Quaresma, T. and de Oliveira, J. and Ferreira, C. D. and Silva, A. and Diniz-Santos, D. and Silva, L. R.},
   title = {What do Brazilian pediatricians know about celiac disease?},
   journal = {Dig Dis Sci},
   volume = {56},
   number = {3},
   pages = {799-804},
   note = {1573-2568
Vieira, Camilo
Matos, Marilia
Quaresma, Thaise
de Oliveira, Juliana
Ferreira, Cibele Dantas
Silva, Adriza
Diniz-Santos, Daniel
Silva, Luciana R
Journal Article
United States
Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Mar;56(3):799-804. doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1339-6. Epub 2010 Jul 15.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Celiac disease (CD) is a common illness, affecting 0.5-1% of the population. Its classic presentation consists of gastrointestinal symptoms, however, many extra-intestinal symptoms and some associated diseases have been studied. Pediatricians should know the typical and atypical presentations of CD and how to diagnosis and treat its complications. The aim of this study was describe what pediatricians in Brazil know about CD. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with pediatricians who participated in the Nestle Pediatrics Course, in the city of Natal, Brazil, in 2008. They were asked to complete a self-applicable questionnaire covering aspects concerning the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of CD and the conditions associated with this disease. RESULTS: A total of 632 pediatricians completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (82.9%) were female. All the geographical regions of Brazil were represented. More than 65% of respondents had undergone specialist training in pediatrics, and 40% of respondents had worked as pediatricians for more than 25 years. Only 22% replied that celiac disease may be asymptomatic, 57% stated that antigliadin antibody measurement represents the best screening tool for the disease, and two-thirds replied that bowel biopsy would be the most indicated method. The pathologies and conditions associated with celiac disease were identified by fewer than 50% of respondents. Exclusion of gluten from the patient's diet was mentioned as the treatment for celiac disease by 86.4% of the pediatricians. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pediatricians have superficial information about CD. The need for relevant information on celiac disease is fundamental and is recognized by the pediatricians themselves.},
   keywords = {Brazil/epidemiology
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/diet therapy/*epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Gliadin/analysis/immunology
Glutens/adverse effects
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Male
Pediatrics/*education},
   ISSN = {0163-2116},
   Accession Number = {20632095},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10620-010-1339-6},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Villanacci, V. and Magazzu, G. and Pellegrino, S. and Gambarotti, M. and Sferlazzas, C. and Tuccari, G. and Bassotti, G.},
   title = {Comparison of the Marsh-Oberhuber classification with a new grading system in identifying patients with latent celiac disease},
   journal = {Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol},
   volume = {56},
   number = {4},
   pages = {371-5},
   note = {Villanacci, V
Magazzu, G
Pellegrino, S
Gambarotti, M
Sferlazzas, C
Tuccari, G
Bassotti, G
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Italy
Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2010 Dec;56(4):371-5.},
   abstract = {AIM: The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is still mainly based on pathological description. However, these descriptions are often unable to identify latent CD. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Marsh-Oberhuber classification and a recently proposed classification may help to identify patients with latent CD. METHODS: Biopsy samples from twelve patients with latent CD (age range 3-32 years) defined as having normal duodenal mucosa when ingesting a free diet, and subsequently developing severe villous atrophy, were retrospectively reviewed in blind according to the Marsh-Oberhuber classification and the new grading system. RESULTS: In 67% of patients the Marsh-Oberhuber and the new classification could have yielded a diagnosis of CD soon after the first biopsy (3a-3c score when reviewed according to this classification, and B2 score when reviewed according to the new grading system), thereby avoiding further (up to two more in four cases) unnecessary endoscopic procedures. CONCLUSION: Both the Marsh-Oberhuber and the new classification allow to discriminate latent CD from patients with normal mucosa. Thus, these classifications may help in identifying and treating patients at an early stage.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
*Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*classification/*pathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Duodenum/*pathology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology
Observer Variation
Reproducibility of Results
Retrospective Studies
Severity of Illness Index},
   ISSN = {1121-421X (Print)
1121-421x},
   Accession Number = {21139535},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Virta, L. J. and Kaukinen, K. and Collin, P.},
   title = {Incidence and prevalence of diagnosed coeliac disease in Finland: results of effective case finding in adults},
   journal = {Scand J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {44},
   number = {8},
   pages = {933-8},
   note = {1502-7708
Virta, Lauri J
Kaukinen, Katri
Collin, Pekka
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(8):933-8. doi: 10.1080/00365520903030795.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The majority of patients with coeliac disease remain undetected world-wide. Finland has aimed at a high detection rate by training health personnel, and has advocated serologic screening for known coeliac disease risk groups. The purpose here was to assess whether this approach has been effective in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on a prospective database of new coeliac patients aged 16 years or more, to whom the Social Insurance Institution had paid monthly compensation for the additional cost of maintaining a gluten-free diet since 2002. To obtain this compensation the diagnostic criteria for coeliac disease, including biopsy findings, had to be attested in a statement from a physician. The incidence and prevalence rates were calculated until the end of 2006. The total population aged 16 years or more was 4.31 million. RESULTS: In 2004-06, a total of 5020 persons (64% female) receiving a new dietary grant were identified through the database. The mean annual incidence of proven coeliac disease was thus 39 per 100,000 individuals. Altogether, 23,553 persons received the dietary grant. This gives a nation-wide point prevalence of adult coeliac disease of 0.55% (0.70% F, 0.38% M). There was a regional variation from 33 to 49 per 100,000 in the annual incidence and from 0.41% to 0.72% in the prevalence of coeliac disease. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, these figures for proven coeliac disease are the highest reported. Increased alertness to the condition and active case finding has made this efficient diagnostics possible.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/*epidemiology
Finland/epidemiology
Humans
Incidence
Prevalence},
   ISSN = {0036-5521},
   Accession Number = {19492246},
   DOI = {10.1080/00365520903030795},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Vivas, S. and Ruiz de Morales, J. G. and Riestra, S. and Arias, L. and Fuentes, D. and Alvarez, N. and Calleja, S. and Hernando, M. and Herrero, B. and Casqueiro, J. and Rodrigo, L.},
   title = {Duodenal biopsy may be avoided when high transglutaminase antibody titers are present},
   journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {15},
   number = {38},
   pages = {4775-80},
   note = {2219-2840
Vivas, Santiago
Ruiz de Morales, Jose G
Riestra, Sabino
Arias, Laura
Fuentes, Dolores
Alvarez, Noemi
Calleja, Sara
Hernando, Mercedes
Herrero, Blanca
Casqueiro, Javier
Rodrigo, Luis
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib