text:
inflammation that could serve as a marker for remote neoplastic lesions. METHODS: Gene expression was analyzed by complementary DNA microarray in 5 normal controls, 4 UC patients without dysplasia, and 11 UC patients harboring remote neoplasia. Common gene ontology pathways of significantly differentially expressed genes were identified. Expression of genes which were progressively and significantly upregulated from controls to UC without neoplasia, to UC with remote neoplasia were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Several gene products were also examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-eight genes were significantly upregulated, and 541 genes were significantly downregulated in UC patients with neoplasia compared with UC patients without neoplasia. Nine genes (ACSL1, BIRC3, CLC, CREM, ELTD1, FGG, S100A9, THBD, and TPD52L1) were progressively and significantly upregulated from controls to nondysplastic UC to UC with neoplasia. Immunostaining of proteins revealed increased expression of S100A9 and REG1alpha in UC-associated cancer and in nondysplastic tissue from UC patients harboring remote neoplasia compared with UC patients without neoplasia and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression changes occurring as a field effect in the distal colon of patients with chronic UC identify patients harboring remote neoplastic lesions. These markers may lead to a more accurate and less invasive method of detection of neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.},
   keywords = {Case-Control Studies
Colitis, Ulcerative/*complications
Colon/metabolism
Colorectal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/etiology/genetics/metabolism
Cross-Sectional Studies
DNA, Complementary
Down-Regulation
Female
Gene Expression Profiling
Genetic Markers
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
*Transcriptome
Up-Regulation},
   ISSN = {1078-0998},
   Accession Number = {23388545},
   DOI = {10.1097/MIB.0b013e3182802bac},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Peters, V. A. and Joesting, J. J. and Freund, G. G.},
   title = {IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) and its role in immune regulation},
   journal = {Brain Behav Immun},
   volume = {32},
   pages = {1-8},
   note = {1090-2139
Peters, Vanessa A
Joesting, Jennifer J
Freund, Gregory G
R01 DK064862/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 NS058525/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
RC1 AA019357/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Aug;32:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Nov 27.},
   abstract = {The cytokine IL-1 is critical to the pathogenesis of a variety of human conditions and diseases. Unlike most other cytokines, IL-1 is counterbalanced by two endogenous inhibitors. The functional significance of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is well documented due to the clinical utilization of the recombinant human IL-1RA analog, anakinra. In contrast, much less is known about the type 2 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R2), which acts as a decoy receptor for IL-1. While IL-1R2 is structurally similar to the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) responsible for IL-1 signal transduction, its truncated cytoplasmic domain and lack of Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) region renders IL-1R2 incapable of transmembrane signaling. IL-1R2 competes with IL-1R1 for ligands and for the IL-1R1 co-receptor, IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP). Additionally, IL-1R2 exists in both a membrane bound and soluble form (sIL-1R2) that has biological properties similar to both a decoy receptor and a binding protein. Thus far, IL-1R2 has been implicated in arthritis, endometriosis, organ transplantation, sepsis/sickness behavior, diabetes, atherosclerosis, autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), Alzheimer's disease and ulcerative colitis. In this review, we will detail the functional properties of IL-1R2 and examine its role in human disease.},
   keywords = {Animals
Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
Humans
Immune System/*physiology
Inflammation/genetics/immunology/metabolism
Organ Transplantation
RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics
Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II/genetics/*physiology},
   ISSN = {0889-1591},
   Accession Number = {23195532},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.bbi.2012.11.006},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Podgorska, J. and Pacho, R. and Albrecht, P.},
   title = {MR enterography imaging of Crohn's disease in pediatric patients},
   journal = {Pol J Radiol},
   volume = {79},
   pages = {79-87},
   note = {Podgorska, Joanna
Pacho, Ryszard
Albrecht, Piotr
Journal Article
Poland
Pol J Radiol. 2014 Apr 23;79:79-87. doi: 10.12659/PJR.889760. eCollection 2014.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Crohn disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory process of gastrointestinal tract, which frequently affects children. Recent advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique have made small bowel imaging possible, what is extremely useful in pediatrics. The purpose of this article is to describe the characteristic MR enterography findings and to present the advantages of this modality in pediatric patients. MATERIAL/METHODS: A group of 40 patients referred from the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw was included in the analysis. The patients' age ranged from 7 to 18 years (mean age 14 years). Among the study participants, 28 patients were diagnosed with CD, whereas 12 patients had a history of ulcerative colitis or were strongly suspected of CD based on clinical data. The examinations were performed on GE Signa HD 1,5 T system. Small bowel distention was achieved by oral administration of 600-1000 ml of hyperosmotic solution of polyetylenglycol (PEG). Prior to the examination, 20-40 mg of a spasmolytic drug, hioscine-N-butylobromide (Buscolysin((R))), was administrated to reduce peristaltic movements. RESULTS: The abnormal small bowel segments were found in 21 patients and the features of colonic disease were detected in 5 patients. In 2 patients the lesions involved both small and large bowel. In 16 subjects mural changes were not found. Among studied patients, following signs of small bowel inflammation were fund: bowel wall thickening (n=21), submucosal edema (n=8), segment wall hyperenhancement (n=18), deep ulceration (n=6), fistula (n=3), stenosis (n=7), mesenteric signs such as hyperemia (n=9), fibrofatty proliferation (n=8) and lymphadenopathy (n=28). CONCLUSIONS: MR enterography is an excellent examination, which provides an accurate information about severity and activity of and complications related to CD. It is especially valuable in children, because of lack of the negative consequences of repeated exposure to ionizing radiation.},
   keywords = {Crohn's Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
MR Enterography},
   ISSN = {1733-134X (Print)
1733-134x},
   Accession Number = {24778747},
   DOI = {10.12659/pjr.889760},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Prince, A. C. and Moosa, A. and Lomer, M. C. and Reidlinger, D. P. and Whelan, K.},
   title = {Variable access to quality nutrition information regarding inflammatory bowel disease: a survey of patients and health professionals and objective examination of written information},
   journal = {Health Expect},
   volume = {18},
   number = {6},
   pages = {2501-12},
   note = {1369-7625
Prince, Alexis C
Moosa, Arifa
Lomer, Miranda C E
Reidlinger, Dianne P
Whelan, Kevin
Journal Article
England
Health Expect. 2015 Dec;18(6):2501-12. doi: 10.1111/hex.12219. Epub 2014 Jun 17.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) report a range of nutritional and dietary problems and high-quality written information should be available on these. There is little research investigating the availability and quality of such information for patients with IBD. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the type and quality of written information on nutrition and diet available to patients with IBD and the opinions of patients and health professionals. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two patients with IBD were recruited from a large gastroenterology outpatient centre in England. One hundred dietitians from across the United Kingdom were also recruited. METHODS: Face-to-face surveys were conducted with patients with IBD. Questions regarding the use, format and usefulness of dietary information received were probed. Dietitians were surveyed regarding written dietary information used in clinical practice. Samples of IBD-specific dietary information used across the UK were objectively assessed using two validated tools. MAIN RESULTS: The majority of patients rated written information as 'good' or 'very good', with the most useful information relating to 'general diet and IBD'. Forty-nine (49%) dietitians reported gaps in written information available for patients with IBD. Fifty-three different samples of IBD-specific information sheets were returned, with widely variable objective quality ratings. Commercially produced written information scored greater than locally produced information (BMA tool, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patient access to high-quality, written, IBD-specific dietary information is variable. IBD-specific written nutrition information needs to be developed in accordance with validated tools to empower patients, encourage self-management and overcome nutritional implications of IBD.},
   keywords = {*Access to Information
Adult
Female
*Health Personnel
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*diet therapy
Male
Middle Aged
*Nutrition Policy
Nutritionists
Surveys and Questionnaires
United Kingdom
Crohn's disease
food
inflammatory bowel disease
nutrition
patient experience
patient information
ulcerative colitis},
   ISSN = {1369-6513},
   Accession Number = {24934409},
   DOI = {10.1111/hex.12219},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Qi, H. and Yang, H. and Xu, G. and Ren, J. and Hua, W. and Shi, Y. and Torsvik, M. and Florholmen, J. and Cui, G.},
   title = {Therapeutic efficacy of IL-17A antibody injection in preventing the development of colitis associated carcinogenesis in mice},
   journal = {Immunobiology},
   volume = {220},
   number = {1},
   pages = {54-9},
   note = {1878-3279
Qi, Haili
Yang, Hang
Xu, Gang
Ren, Jingli
Hua, Wei
Shi, Yingpeng
Torsvik, Malvin
Florholmen, Jon
Cui, Guanglin
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
Immunobiology. 2015 Jan;220(1):54-9. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.002. Epub 2014 Sep 8.},
   abstract = {Chronic inflammation increases colorectal cancer (CRC) risk as seen in ulcerative colitis (UC). Proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in mediating the development of colitis associated cancer (CAC). In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-interleukin (IL)-17A by anti-IL-17A antibody injection on the development of CAC was assessed in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) plus dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced CAC mouse model. The results showed that mice dosed with DMH plus DSS for 10 weeks evoked high degree dysplastic lesion in the large bowel that accompanied with significant increased IL-17A expression, proliferation index and inflammation degree in mice. After anti-IL-17A antibody injection for 2 weeks, the number of tumors, proliferation index and the expression level of IL-17A protein in the large bowel tissues were significantly decreased. Therefore, we concluded that the anti-IL-17A blockade can suppress the development of CAC and is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of CAC in colitis mice.},
   keywords = {Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
Biomarkers/metabolism
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects/*metabolism
Colitis/chemically induced/*complications/metabolism/pathology
Colonic Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology/*prevention & control
Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects
Disease Models, Animal
Immunohistochemistry
Interleukin-17/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
Interleukin-6/metabolism
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred ICR
Severity of Illness Index
Colitis-associated carcinogenesis
Inflammation
Interleukin-17A
Ulcerative colitis},
   ISSN = {0171-2985},
   Accession Number = {25239511},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.002},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Qin, X.},
   title = {How to explain the discordant change of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease in adjacent or even the same regions and time periods},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {57},
   number = {5},
   pages = {e30},
   note = {1536-4801
Qin, Xiaofa
Comment
Letter
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 Nov;57(5):e30. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182a504e8.},
   keywords = {Female
*Health Transition
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*epidemiology
Male},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {23863324},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182a504e8},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Quach, P. and Nguyen, G. C. and Benchimol, E. I.},
   title = {Quality improvement in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: moving forward to improve outcomes},
   journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {19},
   number = {38},
   pages = {6367-74},
   note = {2219-2840
Quach, Pauline
Nguyen, Geoffrey C
Benchimol, Eric I
Journal Article
Review
United States
World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Oct 14;19(38):6367-74. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i38.6367.},
   abstract = {In recent years, pediatric health care has embraced the concept of quality improvement to improve patient outcomes. As quality improvement efforts are implemented, network collaboration (where multiple centers and practices implement standardized programs) is a popular option. In a collaborative network, improvement in the conduct of structural, process and outcome quality measures can lead to improvements in overall health, and benchmarks can be used to assess and compare progress. In this review article, we provided an overview of the quality improvement movement and the role of quality indicators in this movement. We reviewed current quality improvement efforts in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as other pediatric chronic illnesses. We discussed the need to standardize the development of quality indicators used in quality improvement networks to assess medical care, and the validation techniques which can be used to ensure that process indicators result in improved outcomes of clinical significance. We aimed to assess current quality improvement efforts in pediatric IBD and other diseases, such as childhood asthma, childhood arthritis, and neonatal health. By doing so, we hope to learn from their successes and failures and to move the field forward for future improvements in the care provided to children with IBD.},
   keywords = {Age of Onset
Benchmarking/standards
Child
Child Health Services/*standards
Delivery of Health Care/*standards
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/*therapy
Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)/*standards
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Quality Improvement/*standards
Quality Indicators, Health Care/*standards
Treatment Outcome
Adolescent
Colitis
Crohn's disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Quality of health care
Review
Ulcerative},
   ISSN = {1007-9327},
   Accession Number = {24151355},
   DOI = {10.3748/wjg.v19.i38.6367},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Raczkowska, A. and Lawinski, M. and Gradowska, A. and Zielinska-Borkowska, U.},
   title = {Quality of life considering patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases - natural and parenteral nutrition},
   journal = {Pol Przegl Chir},
   volume = {86},
   number = {9},
   pages = {410-7},
   note = {2299-2847
Raczkowska, Aneta
Lawinski, Michal
Gradowska, Aleksandra
Zielinska-Borkowska, Urszula
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Poland
Pol Przegl Chir. 2014 Dec 18;86(9):410-7. doi: 10.2478/pjs-2014-0073.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: One of the elements of treatment considering inflammatory bowel diseases is nutritional therapy. The duration of the above-mentioned depends on the prevalence of such symptoms as fever, bowel movements, length of the functioning gastrointestinal tract, stoma and intestinal fistula presence. Nutritional therapy is an essential element of successful treatment alongside pharmacological, surgical, and biological therapy, as well as other methods. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis considered as chronic diseases, lead towards physical and biopsychosocial disability, being responsible for the reduction in the quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of life after surgical procedures in case of patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, subjected to natural and parenteral nutrition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 52 patients from the Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Institute, and Department of Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Hospital in Warsaw. The study was performed between October, 2011 and April, 2012. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to deter-mine the patients' quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: A lower quality of life was observed in case of patients subjected to parenteral nutrition, poor education, disease symptoms exacerbation, in the majority-rural inhabitants. The quality of life does not depend on gender, type of disease, family status, and additional medical care.},
   keywords = {Adult
Chronic Disease
Colitis, Ulcerative/*diet therapy
Crohn Disease/*diet therapy
*Enteral Nutrition
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Parenteral Nutrition
Poland
*Quality of Life
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0032-373x},
   Accession Number = {25527803},
   DOI = {10.2478/pjs-2014-0073},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Raina, A. and Yadav, D. and Regueiro, M. and Krasinskas, A. M. and Saul, M. I. and Sapienza, D. A. and Binion, D. G. and Hartman, D. J.},
   title = {Mucosal IgG4 cell infiltration in ulcerative colitis is linked to disease activity and primary sclerosing cholangitis},
   journal = {Inflamm Bowel Dis},
   volume = {19},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1232-7},
   note = {1536-4844
Raina, Amit
Yadav, Dhiraj
Regueiro, Miguel
Krasinskas, Alyssa M
Saul, Melissa I
Sapienza, Dee Ann M
Binion, David G
Hartman, Douglas J
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
United States
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 May;19(6):1232-7. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e318281344d.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The distribution of IgG4 plasma cells in colonic mucosa, its significance, and relation to disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We systematically evaluated IgG4 cell distribution in colonic mucosal biopsies of patients with IBD and correlated histological findings with disease pattern and mucosal inflammation. METHODS: We reviewed clinical records and pathology specimens of 54 randomly selected patients with IBD (13 Crohn's colitis: 7 active, 6 inactive; 18 ulcerative colitis [UC]: 10 active, 8 inactive; 23 UC with primary sclerosing cholangitis: 11 active colitis, 12 inactive colitis), and 11 controls (3 nonspecific diarrhea, 8 collagenous/lymphocytic colitis) who had colonoscopy and biopsies performed at our institution from April 2003 to July 2010. Immunostains for IgG4 were performed on archived rectal biopsies. Presence of >10 IgG4 cells per high-power field (x40 field) on microscopic evaluation was considered significant. RESULTS: Overall, significant IgG4 plasma cell infiltration was seen in 24% of patients compared with none of the controls (P = 0.05). Within IBD groups, significant infiltration was limited to patients with UC with active colitis (30%), primary sclerosing cholangitis with inactive (25%) and active (64%) colitis. In contrast, patients with Crohn's colitis, UC with inactive colitis, and controls had rare IgG4 plasma cells. No correlation was observed between the number of IgG4 cells and degree of active inflammation. In 4 patients with UC and primary sclerosing cholangitis who had more than 1 colonoscopy and biopsies, the number of IgG4 cells fluctuated without correlation with colonic disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: IgG4 plasma cells are significantly increased in a subset of patients with IBD suggesting the possibility of a B-cell-mediated mechanism in these patients.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Case-Control Studies
Cholangitis, Sclerosing/*etiology/pathology
Colitis, Ulcerative/*complications/immunology/pathology
Colon/immunology/*metabolism/pathology
Colonoscopy
Crohn Disease/*complications/immunology/pathology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Immunoglobulin G/immunology/*metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Mucous Membrane/immunology/*metabolism/pathology
Plasma Cells/metabolism/pathology
Prognosis
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1078-0998},
   Accession Number = {23619716},
   DOI = {10.1097/MIB.0b013e318281344d},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ramos-Rivers, C. and Regueiro, M. and Vargas, E. J. and Szigethy, E. and Schoen, R. E. and Dunn, M. and Watson, A. R. and Schwartz, M. and Swoger, J. and Baidoo, L. and Barrie, A. and Dudekula, A. and Youk, A. O. and Binion, D. G.},
   title = {Association between telephone activity and features of patients with inflammatory bowel disease},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {12},
   number = {6},
   pages = {986-94.e1},
   note = {1542-7714
Ramos-Rivers, Claudia
Regueiro, Miguel
Vargas, Eric J
Szigethy, Eva
Schoen, Robert E
Dunn, Michael
Watson, Andrew R
Schwartz, Marc
Swoger, Jason
Baidoo, Leonard
Barrie, Arthur
Dudekula, Anwar
Youk, Ada O
Binion, David G
R25 MH054318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Observational Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Jun;12(6):986-94.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.11.015. Epub 2013 Nov 19.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Telephone communication is common between healthcare providers and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed telephone activity at an IBD care center to identify disease and patient characteristics associated with high levels of telephone activity and determine if call volume could identify individuals at risk for future visits to the emergency department (ED) or hospitalization. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study in which we categorized telephone calls received by nursing staff over 2 years at a tertiary care IBD clinic (2475 patients in 2009 and 3118 in 2010). We analyzed data on 21,979 ingoing and outgoing calls in 2009 and 32,667 calls in 2010 and assessed associations between clinical factors and logged telephone encounters, and between patterns of telephone encounters and future visits to the ED or hospitalization. RESULTS: Telephone encounters occurred twice as frequently as office visits; 15% of the patients generated >10 telephone encounters per year and were responsible for half of all telephone encounters. A higher percentage of these high telephone encounter (HTE) patients were female, had Crohn's disease, received steroid treatment, had increased levels of C-reactive protein and rates of erythrocyte sedimentation, had psychiatric comorbidities, and had chronic abdominal pain than patients with lower telephone encounters. The HTE patients were also more frequently seen in the ED or hospitalized over the same time period and in subsequent years. Forty-two percent of patients with >8 telephone encounters within 30 days were seen in the ED or hospitalized within the subsequent 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Based on an analysis of telephone records at an IBD clinic, 15% of patients account for half of all calls. These HTE patients are a heterogeneous group with refractory disease who are likely to visit the ED or be hospitalized.},
   keywords = {Adult
Emergency Treatment/statistics & numerical data
Female
*Health Communication
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Prospective Studies
Telephone/*utilization
Anxiety
Crohn's Disease
Depression
Electronic Medical Record
Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire
Telephone Calls
Ulcerative Colitis},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {24262938},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2013.11.015},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Reddy, K. V. and Maheswaraiah, A. and Naidu, K. A.},
   title = {Rice bran oil and n-3 fatty acid-rich garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seed oil attenuate murine model of ulcerative colitis},
   journal = {Int J Colorectal Dis},
   volume = {29},
   number = {2},
   pages = {267-9},
   note = {1432-1262
Reddy, K Vijay Kumar
Maheswaraiah, A
Naidu, K Akhilender
Letter
Germany
Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014 Feb;29(2):267-9. doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1785-7. Epub 2013 Oct 22.},
   keywords = {Animals
Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy
Colon/drug effects/pathology
Dextran Sulfate
Disease Models, Animal
Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*therapeutic use
Female
Lepidium sativum/*chemistry
Malondialdehyde/metabolism
Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Plant Oils/*therapeutic use
Rats
Rats, Wistar},
   ISSN = {0179-1958},
   Accession Number = {24146065},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00384-013-1785-7},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Reed-Knight, B. and Lobato, D. and Hagin, S. and McQuaid, E. L. and Seifer, R. and Kopel, S. J. and Boergers, J. and Nassau, J. H. and Suorsa, K. and Bancroft, B. and Shapiro, J. and Leleiko, N. S.},
   title = {Depressive symptoms in youth with inflammatory bowel disease compared with a community sample},
   journal = {Inflamm Bowel Dis},
   volume = {20},
   number = {4},
   pages = {614-21},
   note = {1536-4844
Reed-Knight, Bonney
Lobato, Debra
Hagin, Sarah
McQuaid, Elizabeth L
Seifer, Ronald
Kopel, Sheryl J
Boergers, Julie
Nassau, Jack H
Suorsa, Kristina
Bancroft, Barbara
Shapiro, Jason
Leleiko, Neal S
R21 HD058828/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R21 HDO58828/PHS HHS/United States
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Apr;20(4):614-21. doi: 10.1097/01.MIB.0000442678.62674.b7.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous investigations have produced mixed findings on whether youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience elevated rates of depressive symptoms. Our first aim was to compare self-report of depressive symptoms by youth with IBD with a community sample. The second aim was to examine the relationship between symptoms of depression and measures of disease activity. METHODS: Item-level responses on the Children's Depression Inventory among a sample of 78 youth diagnosed with IBD were compared with responses from a community sample using 1-sample t-tests. Particular attention was given to items assessing somatic symptoms of depression given the potential overlap with IBD disease symptoms. The relationship between depressive symptoms and IBD disease activity was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and linear regression. RESULTS: Youth with IBD reported lower levels of depressive symptoms compared with the community sample on the Children's Depression Inventory Total Score, and similar or lower levels of difficulty on items assessing somatic symptoms. Most of the sample had inactive or mild disease activity at the time of participation, with 14% experiencing moderate/severe disease activity. Higher ratings of disease activity were related to greater depressive symptoms. Responses on somatic items from the Children's Depression Inventory were not differentially related to disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: As a group, pediatric patients with IBD did not experience the clinical levels of depressive symptoms or elevations in depressive symptoms when compared with a community sample. Somatic symptoms of depression do not differentiate youth with IBD experiencing elevations in disease activity from youth experiencing nonsomatic symptoms of depression.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Affect
Anhedonia
Child
Colitis, Ulcerative/*psychology
Crohn Disease/*psychology
Depression/*etiology
Female
Humans
Male
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Self Concept
Self Efficacy
*Severity of Illness Index},
   ISSN = {1078-0998},
   Accession Number = {24518604},
   DOI = {10.1097/01.MIB.0000442678.62674.b7},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Regueiro, M. D. and Greer, J. B. and Binion, D. G. and Schraut, W. H. and Goyal, A. and Keljo, D. J. and Cross, R. K. and Williams, E. D. and Herfarth, H. H. and Siegel, C. A. and Oikonomou, I. and Brand, M. H. and Hartman, D. J. and Tublin, M. E. and Davis, P. L. and Baidoo, L. and Szigethy, E. and Watson, A. R.},
   title = {The inflammatory bowel disease live interinstitutional and interdisciplinary videoconference education (IBD LIVE) series},
   journal = {Inflamm Bowel Dis},
   volume = {20},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1687-95},
   note = {1536-4844
Regueiro, Miguel D
Greer, Julia B
Binion, David G
Schraut, Wolfgang H
Goyal, Alka
Keljo, David J
Cross, Raymond K
Williams, Emmanuelle D
Herfarth, Hans H
Siegel, Corey A
Oikonomou, Ioannis
Brand, Myron H
Hartman, Douglas J
Tublin, Mitchell E
Davis, Peter L
Baidoo, Leonard
Szigethy, Eva
Watson, Andrew R
IBD LIVE Physician Group
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Oct;20(10):1687-95. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000187.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease requires multidisciplinary coordination. Technological advances have enhanced access to care for patients and improved physician interactions. The primary aim of our project was to convene diverse institutions and specialties through a multisite virtual conferencing platform to discuss complex patient management. METHODS: The case conference is designed to include multiple institutions to exchange ideas, review evidence-based data, and provide input on the management of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Technology is supplied and coordinated by an information technology specialist and Chorus Call, Inc., an international teleconferencing service provider. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Live Interinstitutional Interdisciplinary Videoconference Education (IBD LIVE) initiative is accredited by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Center for Continuing Education in the Health Sciences for 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit per weekly session. RESULTS: IBD LIVE began in 2009 comprising only adult gastroenterology and pediatric gastroenterology from UPMC Presbyterian and Children's Hospitals. Participation steadily increased from 5 sites in 2010 to 11 sites in 2014. Maximum attendance for a single conference was 73 participants with a median of 48. The Continuing Medical Education scores (1 = worst to 5 = best) have a high median overall score (4.6, range 3.2-5.0) with positive responses with regard to the degree to which the conference changed practice. CONCLUSIONS: IBD LIVE has been successful and continues to grow. Implementation of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Virtual Preceptor Program using the IBD LIVE platform will provide expanded national physician access to this professional education activity.},
   keywords = {Adult
Education, Distance/*methods
Education, Medical, Continuing/*methods
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*prevention & control
Multicenter Studies as Topic
Practice Patterns, Physicians'/*standards
*Videoconferencing},
   ISSN = {1078-0998},
   Accession Number = {25167213},
   DOI = {10.1097/mib.0000000000000187},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Reid, A. E.},
   title = {Commentary},
   journal = {Clin Chem},
   volume = {59},
   number = {7},
   pages = {1026},
   note = {1530-8561
Reid, Andrea E
Comment
Journal Article
United States
Clin Chem. 2013 Jul;59(7):1026. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.200410.},
   keywords = {6-Mercaptopurine/*therapeutic use
Azathioprine/*therapeutic use
Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy
Female
Humans
Immunosuppressive Agents/*therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {0009-9147},
   Accession Number = {23813428},
   DOI = {10.1373/clinchem.2012.200410},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ren, W. and Yin, J. and Wu, M. and Liu, G. and Yang, G. and Xion, Y. and Su, D. and Wu, L. and Li, T. and Chen, S. and Duan, J. and Yin, Y. and Wu, G.},
   title = {Serum amino acids profile and the beneficial effects of L-arginine or L-glutamine supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium colitis},
   journal = {PLoS One},
   volume = {9},
   number = {2},
   pages = {e88335},
   note = {1932-6203
Ren, Wenkai
Yin, Jie
Wu, Miaomiao
Liu, Gang
Yang, Guan
Xion, Yan
Su, Dingding
Wu, Li
Li, Tiejun
Chen, Shuai
Duan, Jielin
Yin, Yulong
Wu, Guoyao
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 5;9(2):e88335. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088335. eCollection 2014.},
   abstract = {This study was conducted to investigate serum amino acids profile in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, and impacts of graded dose of arginine or glutamine supplementation on the colitis. Using DSS-induced colitis model, which is similar to human ulcerative colitis, we determined serum profile of amino acids at day 3, 7, 10 and 12 (5 days post DSS treatment). Meanwhile, effects of graded dose of arginine (0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.5%) or glutamine (0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) supplementation on clinical parameters, serum amino acids, colonic tight junction proteins, colonic anti-oxidative indicators [catalase, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)], colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)] in DSS-induced colitis were fully analyzed at day 7 and 12. Additionally, the activation of signal transduction pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K)/PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-myosin light chain (MLC20), were analyzed using immunoblotting. Serum amino acids analysis showed that DSS treatment changed the serum contents of amino acids, such as Trp, Glu, and Gln (P<0.05). Dietary arginine or glutamine supplementation had significant (P<0.05) influence on the clinical and biochemical parameters (T-SOD, IL-17 and TNF-alpha) in colitis model. These results were associated with colonic NF-kappaB, PI3K-Akt and MLCK signaling pathways. In conclusion, arginine or glutamine could be a potential therapy for intestinal inflammatory diseases.},
   keywords = {Amino Acids/*blood
Animals
Arginine/*therapeutic use
Catalase/metabolism
Colitis/*blood/chemically induced/*diet therapy/pathology
Colon/pathology
Cytokines/analysis
Dextran Sulfate
Dietary Supplements
Female
Glutamine/*therapeutic use
Humans
Mice
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases},
   ISSN = {1932-6203},
   Accession Number = {24505477},
   DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0088335},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Richman, E. and Rhodes, J. M.},
   title = {Review article: evidence-based dietary advice for patients with inflammatory bowel disease},
   journal = {Aliment Pharmacol Ther},
   volume = {38},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1156-71},
   note = {1365-2036
Richman, E
Rhodes, J M
Journal Article
Review
England
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Nov;38(10):1156-71. doi: 10.1111/apt.12500. Epub 2013 Sep 17.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition in Crohn's disease (CD) and the epidemiological associations between diet and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) implicate diet in IBD causation. There is little evidence, however, to support specific dietary changes and patients often receive contradictory advice. AIM: To review the literature on the impacts of diet on IBD causation and activity to produce guidance based on 'best available evidence'. METHOD: Review of Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases from 1975 to 2012 using MeSH headings 'crohn's disease' 'ulcerative colitis' 'enteral' 'diet' 'nutrition' 'fatty acid' and 'food additives'. RESULTS: Enteral nutrition with a formula-defined feed is effective treatment for CD, but approximately 50% of patients relapse within 6 months of return to normal diet. There is no direct evidence of benefit from any other specific dietary modification in CD, but indirect evidence supports recommendation of a low intake of animal fat, insoluble fibre and processed fatty foods containing emulsifiers. Foods tolerated in sustained remission may not be tolerated following relapse. Some evidence supports vitamin D supplementation. In ulcerative colitis (UC), evidence is weaker, but high intakes of meat and margarine correlate with increased UC incidence and high meat intake also correlates with increased likelihood of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence from interventional studies to support specific dietary recommendations. Nevertheless, people with IBD deserve advice based on 'best available evidence' rather than no advice at all, although dietary intake should not be inappropriately restrictive. Further interventional studies of dietary manipulation are urgently required.},
   keywords = {Animals
Colitis, Ulcerative/*diet therapy
Crohn Disease/*diet therapy
Diet/adverse effects/methods
Dietary Supplements
Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects/*methods
Evidence-Based Medicine
Humans
Recurrence
Vitamin D/administration & dosage},
   ISSN = {0269-2813},
   Accession Number = {24102340},
   DOI = {10.1111/apt.12500},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Roggenbuck, D. and Humbel, R. L. and Reinhold, D. and Bogdanos, D. P. and Conrad, K. and Laass, M. W.},
   title = {Glycoprotein 2 antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: no association with disease phenotype?},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {56},
   number = {1},
   pages = {e5},
   note = {1536-4801
Roggenbuck, Dirk
Humbel, Rene-Louis
Reinhold, Dirk
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P
Conrad, Karsten
Laass, Martin W
Comment
Letter
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 Jan;56(1):e5. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318275fa77.},
   keywords = {Autoantibodies/*blood
Colitis, Ulcerative/*diagnosis
Crohn Disease/*diagnosis
Female
Goblet Cells/*immunology
Humans
Male
Pancreas, Exocrine/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {23059646},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e318275fa77},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Rogler, D. and Fournier, N. and Pittet, V. and Buhr, P. and Heyland, K. and Friedt, M. and Koller, R. and Rueger, V. and Herzog, D. and Nydegger, A. and Schappi, M. and Schibli, S. and Spalinger, J. and Rogler, G. and Braegger, C. P.},
   title = {Coping is excellent in Swiss Children with inflammatory bowel disease: results from the Swiss IBD cohort study},
   journal = {J Crohns Colitis},
   volume = {8},
   number = {5},
   pages = {409-20},
   note = {1876-4479
Rogler, Daniela
Fournier, Nicolas
Pittet, Valerie
Buhr, Patrick
Heyland, Klaas
Friedt, Michael
Koller, Rebekka
Rueger, Vanessa
Herzog, Denise
Nydegger, Andreas
Schappi, Michela
Schibli, Susanne
Spalinger, Johannes
Rogler, Gerhard
Braegger, Christian P
Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
J Crohns Colitis. 2014 May;8(5):409-20. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.10.004. Epub 2013 Nov 12.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) starting during childhood has been assumed to impair quality of life (QoL) of affected children. As this aspect is crucial for further personality development, the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed in a Swiss nationwide cohort to obtain detailed information on the fields of impairment. METHODS: Data were prospectively acquired from pediatric patients included in the Swiss IBD Cohort Study. IBD activity was evaluated by PCDAI and PUCAI. The age adapted KIDSCREEN questionnaire was evaluated for 110 children with IBD (64 with Crohn's disease 46 with ulcerative colitis). Data were analyzed with respect to established reference values of healthy controls. RESULTS: In the KIDSCREEN index a moderate impairment was only found for physical wellbeing due to disease activity. In contrast, mental well-being and social support were even better as compared to control values. A subgroup analysis revealed that this observation was restricted to the children in the German speaking part of Switzerland, whereas there was no difference compared to controls in the French part of Switzerland. Furthermore, autonomy and school variables were significantly higher in the IBD patients as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: The social support for children with IBD is excellent in this cohort. Only physical well-being was impaired due to disease activity, whereas all other KIDSCREEN parameters were better as compared to controls. This indicates that effective coping and support strategies may be able to compensate the burden of disease in pediatric IBD patients.},
   keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological
Adolescent
Child
Colitis, Ulcerative/psychology
Crohn Disease/psychology
Female
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*psychology
Male
Prospective Studies
Quality of Life/*psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Switzerland
Coping
Mental well-being
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Physical well-being
Social support},
   ISSN = {1873-9946},
   Accession Number = {24230970},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.crohns.2013.10.004},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Rosen, M. J. and Chaturvedi, R. and Washington, M. K. and Kuhnhein, L. A. and Moore, P. D. and Coggeshall, S. S. and McDonough, E. M. and Weitkamp, J. H. and Singh, A. B. and Coburn, L. A. and Williams, C. S. and Yan, F. and Van Kaer, L. and Peebles, R. S., Jr. and Wilson, K. T.},
   title = {STAT6 deficiency ameliorates severity of oxazolone colitis by decreasing expression of claudin-2 and Th2-inducing cytokines},
   journal = {J Immunol},
   volume = {190},
   number = {4},
   pages = {1849-58},
   note = {1550-6606
Rosen, Michael J
Chaturvedi, Rupesh
Washington, M Kay
Kuhnhein, Lindsay A
Moore, Preston D
Coggeshall, Scott S
McDonough, Elizabeth M
Weitkamp, Jorn-Hendrik
Singh, Amar B
Coburn, Lori A
Williams, Christopher S
Yan, Fang
Van Kaer, Luc
Peebles, R Stokes Jr
Wilson, Keith T
R01 DK053620/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
5R01AT004821-04/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States
P30 DK058404/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 AT004821/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States
3R01AT004821-02S1/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States
P01 CA116087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
K08HD061607/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
I01 BX001453/BX/BLRD VA/United States
K08 HD061607/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
P30DK058404/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
U19 AI095227/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
United States
J Immunol. 2013 Feb 15;190(4):1849-58. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201373. Epub 2013 Jan 9.},
   abstract = {Patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibit chronic colonic inflammation caused by a dysregulated mucosal immune response and epithelial barrier disruption. Th2 cytokines, including IL-13, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of UC. IL-13 induces phosphorylation of STAT6, and we previously demonstrated increased epithelial p-STAT6 in children with UC. In this study, we investigated the role of STAT6 in oxazolone colitis, a murine model of UC, by inducing colitis in STAT6-deficient (STAT6(-/-)) and wild type (WT) mice. We observed increased epithelial cell, T cell, macrophage, and NKT cell STAT6 phosphorylation, as well as increased p-STAT6(+) IL-13-producing NKT cells, in colitic WT mice. Colitis was attenuated in STAT6(-/-) mice, with improvements in weight, colon length, and histopathology. There was decreased induction of the pore-forming tight junction protein claudin-2 in STAT6(-/-) mice. Similarly, short hairpin RNA STAT6 knockdown reduced claudin-2 induction and transepithelial resistance decrease in IL-13-treated human T84 cells. Tissue expression of IL-13, IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-10 mRNA was similarly induced in WT and STAT6(-/-) colitic mice; however, we observed increased mRNA expression for the Th2-inducing cytokines IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in WT mice with colitis, which was abrogated in STAT6(-/-) mice. Mesenteric lymph node cells from STAT6(-/-) mice with colitis exhibited reduced secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-gamma. IL-33 augmented mesenteric lymph node cell secretion of IL-5, IL-13, IL-6, and IFN-gamma. These data implicate STAT6 in the pathogenesis of colitis in vivo with important roles in altering epithelial barrier function and regulating Th2-inducing cytokine production.},
   keywords = {Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage/adverse effects/antagonists &
inhibitors
Animals
Cell Line
Claudin-2/*antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis/genetics
Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced/*immunology/prevention & control
Cytokines/*antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis/genetics
Disease Models, Animal
Down-Regulation/genetics/*immunology
Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
Haptens/administration & dosage/adverse effects
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/metabolism/pathology
Male
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology/metabolism/pathology
Oxazolone/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors
STAT6 Transcription Factor/*deficiency/genetics
*Severity of Illness Index
Th2 Cells/*immunology/metabolism/pathology},
   ISSN = {0022-1767},
   Accession Number = {23303670},
   DOI = {10.4049/jimmunol.1201373},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Rosh, J. R. and Hyams, J. S.},
   title = {Pediatric UC drug development: a GREAT idea now needs a GRAND conversation},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {58},
   number = {6},
   pages = {677-8},
   note = {1536-4801
Rosh, Joel R
Hyams, Jeffrey S
Comment
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Jun;58(6):677-8. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000367.},
   keywords = {*Clinical Trials as Topic
Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy
Humans
*Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
*Research Design},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {24625967},
   DOI = {10.1097/mpg.0000000000000367},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ruemmele, F. M. and Hyams, J. S. and Otley, A. and Griffiths, A. and Kolho, K. L. and Dias, J. A. and Levine, A. and Escher, J. C. and Taminiau, J. and Veres, G. and Colombel, J. F. and Vermeire, S. and Wilson, D. C. and Turner, D.},
   title = {Outcome measures for clinical trials in paediatric IBD: an evidence-based, expert-driven practical statement paper of the paediatric ECCO committee},
   journal = {Gut},
   volume = {64},
   number = {3},
   pages = {438-46},
   note = {1468-3288
Ruemmele, Frank M
Hyams, Jeffrey S
Otley, Anthony
Griffiths, Anne
Kolho, Kaija-Leena
Dias, Jorge Amil
Levine, Arie
Escher, Johanna C
Taminiau, Jan
Veres, Gabor
Colombel, Jean-Frederic
Vermeire, Severine
Wilson, David C
Turner, Dan
G0800675/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
G1002033/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Journal Article
England
Gut. 2015 Mar;64(3):438-46. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307008. Epub 2014 May 12.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although paediatric-onset IBD is becoming more common, few medications have a registered paediatric indication. There are multiple hurdles to performing clinical trials in children, emphasising the importance of choosing an appropriate outcome measure, which can facilitate enrolment, and thereby also drug approval. The aim of this consensus statement is to highlight paediatric specific issues and key factors critical for the optimal conduct of paediatric IBD trials. DESIGN: The Paediatric European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) committee has established an international expert panel to determine the best outcome measures in paediatric IBD, following a literature search and a modified Delphi process. All recommendations were endorsed by at least 80% agreement. RESULTS: Recognising the importance of mucosal healing (MH), the panel defined steroid-free MH as primary outcome measure for all drugs of new category with one or two postintervention endoscopies per trial (at 8-12 weeks and/or 54 weeks). Since endoscopic evaluation is a barrier for recruitment in children, trials with medications already shown to induce MH in children or adults, could use paediatric-specific disease activity scores as primary outcome, including a modified Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index in Crohn's disease and the Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index in UC. Secondary outcomes should include safety issues, MR enterography-based damage and inflammatory scores (in Crohn's disease), faecal calprotectin, quality of life scales, and a patient-reported outcome. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to perform paediatric trials early in the development of new drugs in order to reduce off-label use of IBD medication in children. The thoughtful choice of feasible and standardised outcome measures can help move us towards this goal.},
   keywords = {Biomarkers/blood
Child
Clinical Trials as Topic/methods/*standards
Delphi Technique
Endoscopy
Humans
Inflammation/pathology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/blood/*drug therapy/pathology
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Quality of Life
Treatment Outcome
Ibd
Ibd clinical
Paediatric gastroenterology},
   ISSN = {0017-5749},
   Accession Number = {24821616},
   DOI = {10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307008},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ruemmele, F. M. and Turner, D.},
   title = {Differences in the management of pediatric and adult onset ulcerative colitis--lessons from the joint ECCO and ESPGHAN consensus guidelines for the management of pediatric ulcerative colitis},
   journal = {J Crohns Colitis},
   volume = {8},
   number = {1},
   pages = {1-4},
   note = {1876-4479
Ruemmele, Frank M
Turner, Dan
Journal Article
England
J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Jan;8(1):1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.10.006. Epub 2013 Nov 12.},
   abstract = {An expert panel of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) and European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) initiated a consensus process to produce the first pediatric specific ulcerative colitis (UC) guidelines based on a systematic literature review. Treatment strategies must reflect that pediatric-onset UC has a slightly different phenotype than adult-onset disease with more often extensive (pancolitis) and more aggressive disease course. Other pediatric-specific aspects include growth, puberty, bone density accrual and emotional development and body image acquisition. These differences and others influenced the development of pediatric treatment algorithms. It is recommended that virtually all children with UC must be treated with some maintenance therapy and 5-ASA requirement and dosing are often higher in children. A larger number of children are at risk for steroid-dependency, and this should not be tolerated; steroid sparing strategies with early use of immunosuppressors are recommended in high-risk patients. On the other hand, the safety profile of immunosuppressive therapy in children includes the rare forms of lymphomas and many future treatment years. Colectomy and pouch formation should be balanced in the treatment algorithms against the higher rate of future infertility in girls. The acute and on-going management of pediatric UC should be guided by evidence- and consensus-based balanced decisions, reflecting a vision of long-term treatment goals.},
   keywords = {6-Mercaptopurine/therapeutic use
Adult
Age of Onset
Algorithms
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use
Azathioprine/therapeutic use
Child
Colectomy
Colitis, Ulcerative/*therapy
Drug Therapy, Combination
Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage
Humans
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
*Induction Chemotherapy
Infliximab
*Maintenance Chemotherapy
Mesalamine/administration & dosage
*Practice Guidelines as Topic
Children
Consensus guidelines
Ulcerative colitis},
   ISSN = {1873-9946},
   Accession Number = {24230969},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.crohns.2013.10.006},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ryan, J. L. and Mellon, M. W. and Junger, K. W. and Hente, E. A. and Denson, L. A. and Saeed, S. A. and Hommel, K. A.},
   title = {The clinical utility of health-related quality of life screening in a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease clinic},
   journal = {Inflamm Bowel Dis},
   volume = {19},
   number = {12},
   pages = {2666-72},
   note = {1536-4844
Ryan, Jamie L
Mellon, Michael W
Junger, Katherine W F
Hente, Elizabeth A
Denson, Lee A
Saeed, Shehzad A
Hommel, Kevin A
R01 HD067174/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
United States
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Nov;19(12):2666-72. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e3182a82b15.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adjusting to symptom flares, treatment regimens, and side effects places youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems and adverse disease outcomes. Implementation of psychosocial screening into clinical practice remains a challenge. This study examines the clinical utility of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) screening in predicting disease outcome and healthcare utilization. METHODS: One hundred twelve youth of 7 to 18 years diagnosed with IBD and their parents. Youth completed standardized measures of HRQOL and depression. Parents completed a proxy report of HRQOL. Pediatric gastroenterologists provided the Physician Global Assessment. Families were recruited from a pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Retrospective chart reviews examined disease outcome and healthcare utilization for 12 months after baseline measurement. RESULTS: Linear regressions, controlling for demographic and disease parameters, revealed that baseline measurement of youth and parent proxy-reported HRQOL predicted the number of IBD-related hospital admissions, gastroenterology clinic visits, emergency department visits, psychology clinic visits, telephone contacts, and pain management referrals over the next 12 months. Disease outcome was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Lower HRQOL was predictive of increased healthcare utilization among youth with IBD. Regular HRQOL screening may be the impetus to providing better case management and allocating resources based on ongoing care needs and costs. Proactive interventions focused on patients with poor HRQOL may be an efficient approach to saving on healthcare costs and resource utilization.},
   keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological
Adolescent
Child
Colitis, Ulcerative/complications/*psychology
Crohn Disease/complications/*psychology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Male
Mass Screening/*utilization
Prognosis
*Quality of Life
Retrospective Studies
Stress, Psychological/*diagnosis/psychology},
   ISSN = {1078-0998},
   Accession Number = {24051932},
   DOI = {10.1097/MIB.0b013e3182a82b15},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sacks, A. and Davis, M. K.},
   title = {A curious case of red-brown urine in a child taking mesalamine},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {56},
   number = {5},
   pages = {e38-9},
   note = {1536-4801
Sacks, Alan
Davis, Michael K
Case Reports
Letter
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 May;56(5):e38-9. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31828b378d.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*urine
Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy/urine
*Color
Humans
Male
Mesalamine/*urine
Urine/chemistry},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {23403443},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e31828b378d},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Saito, R. and Tamura, M. and Matsui, H. and Nagano, Y. and Suzuki, H. and Kaneko, T. and Mizokami, Y. and Hyodo, I.},
   title = {Qing Dai attenuates nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in gastrointestinal epithelial cells},
   journal = {J Clin Biochem Nutr},
   volume = {56},
   number = {1},
   pages = {8-14},
   note = {Saito, Rie
Tamura, Masato
Matsui, Hirofumi
Nagano, Yumiko
Suzuki, Hideo
Kaneko, Tsuyoshi
Mizokami, Yuji
Hyodo, Ichinosuke
Journal Article
Japan
J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2015 Jan;56(1):8-14. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.14-59. Epub 2014 Nov 1.},
   abstract = {Treatments with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have increased the number of patients with gastrointestinal complications. Qing Dai has been traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine for various inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis. We previously reported that Qing Dai suppressed inflammations by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ulcerative colitis patients. Thus, Qing Dai can attenuate the production of ROS, which play an important role in NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injuries. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether Qing Dai decreased mitochondrial ROS production in NSAID-treated gastrointestinal cells by examining cellular injury, mitochondrial membrane potentials, and ROS production with specific fluorescent indicators. We also performed electron paramagnetic resonance measurement in isolated mitochondria with a spin-trapping reagent (CYPMPO or DMPO). Treatments with indomethacin and aspirin induced cellular injury and mitochondrial impairment in the gastrointestinal cells. Under these conditions, mitochondrial alterations were observed on electron microscopy. Qing Dai prevented these complications by suppressing ROS production in gastrointestinal cells. These results indicate that Qing Dai attenuated the ROS production from the NSAID-induced mitochondrial alteration in the gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Qing Dai treatment may be considered effective for the prevention NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury.},
   keywords = {NSAIDs
Qing Dai
Ros
gastrointestinal injury
mitochondria},
   ISSN = {0912-0009 (Print)
0912-0009},
   Accession Number = {25678747},
   DOI = {10.3164/jcbn.14-59},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sanchez-Fidalgo, S. and Cardeno, A. and Sanchez-Hidalgo, M. and Aparicio-Soto, M. and de la Lastra, C. A.},
   title = {Dietary extra virgin olive oil polyphenols supplementation modulates DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice},
   journal = {J Nutr Biochem},
   volume = {24},
   number = {7},
   pages = {1401-13},
   note = {1873-4847
Sanchez-Fidalgo, Susana
Cardeno, Ana
Sanchez-Hidalgo, Marina
Aparicio-Soto, Marina
de la Lastra, Catalina Alarcon
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Nutr Biochem. 2013 Jul;24(7):1401-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.11.008. Epub 2013 Jan 18.},
   abstract = {We evaluated the protective effect of dietary extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenol extract (PE) supplementation in the inflammatory response associated to chronic colitis model. Six-week-old mice were randomized in four dietary groups: standard diet (SD), EVOO diet and both enriched with PE (850 ppm) (SD+PE and EVOO+PE). After 30 days, animals that were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (3%) followed by 3 weeks of drinking water developed chronic colitis, which was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI) and histology. Cell proliferation was analyzed by immunohistochemical and changes in monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Colonic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), IkappaBalpha inhibitory and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) were determined by western blotting. SD-DSS group showed a significant increase of DAI, histological damage and cell proliferation, as well as an up-regulation of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, COX-2 and iNOS proteins. p38 and JNK MAPKs phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation and PPARgamma deactivation were also observed. However, in DSS-treated and EVOO+PE-fed mice, DAI and cell proliferation were significantly reduced, as well as MCP-1, TNF-alpha, COX-2 and iNOS expression levels. In addition, this dietary group, notably down-regulated JNK phosphorylation, prevented IkappaBalpha degradation and PPARgamma deactivation. These results demonstrated, for the first time, that EVOO-PE supplementation possessed marked protective effects on experimental colitis through PPARgamma up-regulation and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathway inhibition, decreasing the inflammatory cascade. We concluded that PE-enriched EVOO diet could be a beneficial functional food on ulcerative colitis.},
   keywords = {Animals
Base Sequence
Chronic Disease
Colitis/chemically induced/*prevention & control
DNA Primers
Dextran Sulfate/*adverse effects
Female
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Olive Oil
Plant Oils/*chemistry
Polyphenols/*administration & dosage
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction},
   ISSN = {0955-2863},
   Accession Number = {23337347},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.11.008},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sanchez-Fidalgo, S. and Villegas, I. and Rosillo, M. A. and Aparicio-Soto, M. and de la Lastra, C. A.},
   title = {Dietary squalene supplementation improves DSS-induced acute colitis by downregulating p38 MAPK and NFkB signaling pathways},
   journal = {Mol Nutr Food Res},
   volume = {59},
   number = {2},
   pages = {284-92},
   note = {1613-4133
Sanchez-Fidalgo, Susana
Villegas, Isabel
Rosillo, Maria Angeles
Aparicio-Soto, Marina
de la Lastra, Catalina Alarcon
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015 Feb;59(2):284-92. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201400518. Epub 2014 Dec 12.},
   abstract = {SCOPE: Squalene is a polyunsaturated triterpene, which has exhibited anticancer and antioxidant activities among others. We investigated dietary squalene supplementation effect on an acute colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mice were fed from weaning with squalene at 0.02% and 0.1%. After 4 weeks, mice were exposed to 3% DSS for 5 days developing acute colitis. After DSS removal (5 days), colons were histological and biochemically processed. Our results showed that dietary squalene treatment exerts anti-inflammatory action in DSS-induced acute colitis. Western blot revealed that squalene downregulated COX-2 (where COX is cyclooxygenase) and inducible nitric oxide synthase system by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways, preventing an increase in the cytokines levels. Under our experimental conditions, STAT3 and FOXP3 (where FOXP3 is forkhead box P3) were not modified and the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant and/or detoxifying enzymes, Nrf2 (where Nrf2 is nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2), was reduced in DSS-induced colitis. However, any change could be observed after squalene supplementation. CONCLUSION: Squalene was able to improve the oxidative events and returned proinflammatory proteins expression to basal levels probably through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. However, supplementary studies are needed in order to provide a basis for developing a new dietary supplementation strategy.},
   keywords = {Acute Disease
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
Antioxidants/pharmacology
Colitis/chemically induced/*drug therapy
Colon/drug effects/metabolism
Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/metabolism
Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects
*Dietary Supplements
Down-Regulation
Female
Interleukin-1beta/blood
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics/metabolism
NF-kappa B/genetics/*metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics/metabolism
*Signal Transduction
Squalene/*pharmacology
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism
Dextran sulfate sodium
Mapk
NFkB
Squalene
Ulcerative colitis},
   ISSN = {1613-4125},
   Accession Number = {25387687},
   DOI = {10.1002/mnfr.201400518},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sartor, R. B.},
   title = {The intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases},
   journal = {Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser},
   volume = {79},
   pages = {29-39},
   note = {1664-2155
Sartor, R Balfour
Journal Article
Switzerland
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2014;79:29-39. doi: 10.1159/000360674. Epub 2014 Sep 5.},
   abstract = {Abundant clinical and experimental evidence supports a role for resident microbiota in Crohn's disease and pouchitis, and probably in ulcerative colitis (UC). These disorders occur in areas of highest bacterial concentrations. Pouchitis and Crohn's colitis respond to antibiotics, while pouchitis and UC can be treated with probiotics. Serologic markers recognizing intestinal bacteria and yeast are present in the majority of Crohn's disease patients and may predict disease aggressiveness. Abnormal profiles of fecal and mucosally associated enteric bacteria (dysbiosis) occur in Crohn's disease, UC, pouchitis and experimental enterocolitis, with a proliferation of aggressive species that promote experimental colitis and a corresponding decrease in protective bacterial subsets. Many of these protective bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, that promote epithelial barrier function, inhibit effector immune responses and induce regulatory T cell subsets. Furthermore, certain Clostridia species stimulate regulatory T cells that can inhibit intestinal inflammation. Animal models of chronic, immune-mediated enterocolitis convincingly demonstrate that enteric resident bacteria stimulate effector immune cells in susceptible hosts and that a subset of enteric bacteria has particularly aggressive activities, with host and bacterial specificity. Recent studies suggest parallel and perhaps complementary roles for enteric viruses, which have only very recently been identified.},
   keywords = {Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Clostridium/isolation & purification/metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Homeostasis
Humans
Inflammation/microbiology/prevention & control
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics/*microbiology/therapy
Intestines/*microbiology
*Microbiota
Probiotics/administration & dosage
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism/microbiology},
   ISSN = {1664-2147},
   Accession Number = {25227293},
   DOI = {10.1159/000360674},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Schechter, A. and Griffiths, C. and Gana, J. C. and Shaoul, R. and Shamir, R. and Shteyer, E. and Bdolah-Abram, T. and Ledder, O. and Turner, D.},
   title = {Early endoscopic, laboratory and clinical predictors of poor disease course in paediatric ulcerative colitis},
   journal = {Gut},
   volume = {64},
   number = {4},
   pages = {580-8},
   note = {1468-3288
Schechter, Amir
Griffiths, Christopher
Gana, Juan Cristobal
Shaoul, Ron
Shamir, Raanan
Shteyer, Eyal
Bdolah-Abram, Tali
Ledder, Oren
Turner, Dan
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
England
Gut. 2015 Apr;64(4):580-8. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306999. Epub 2014 May 21.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Data to support treatment algorithms in ambulatory paediatric UC are scarce. We aimed to explore the 1 year outcome in an inception cohort of paediatric UC patients and to identify early predictors of good outcome that might serve as short term treatment targets. DESIGN: A chart review of 115 children with new onset UC was performed (age 11 +/- 4.1 years; 58 (50%) males; 86 (75%) extensive colitis; 70 (61%) moderate-severe disease; 63 (55%) received steroids at baseline). We assessed the Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) and laboratory variables at the time of diagnosis and at 3 months, and endoscopy at diagnosis. RESULTS: The 3 month PUCAI was the strongest predictor of 1 year sustained steroid free remission (SSFR) (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)=0.7 (95% CI 0.6 to 0.8) and colectomy by 2 years (AUROC=0.75 (0.6 to 0.89)). SSFR was achieved in 9/54 (17%) children who had active disease (PUCAI >/= 10) at 3 months (negative predictive value (NPV)=83%) and by 4/46 (8.6%) of those with a PUCAI score >10; (NPV=91%, positive predictive value=52%; p<0.001), implying that PUCAI >10 at 3 months has a probability of 9% for achieving SSFR versus 48% with a PUCAI value of </=10. None of the variables at baseline was predictive of SSFR or colectomy (endoscopic severity, disease extent, age, PUCAI or C reactive protein/erythrocyte sedimentation rate/albumin/haemoglobin; all AUROC<0.6, p>0.05) but baseline PUCAI predicted subsequent acute severe colitis and the need for salvage medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Completeness of the early response appears more important than baseline UC severity for predicting outcome in children, and supports using PUCAI<10 as a feasible treatment goal. Our data suggest that treatment escalation should be considered with a PUCAI value of >/= 10 at 3 months.},
   keywords = {Child
Cohort Studies
Colitis, Ulcerative/*diagnosis/therapy
*Colonoscopy
Disease Progression
Early Diagnosis
Female
Humans
Male
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
Ibd clinical},
   ISSN = {0017-5749},
   Accession Number = {24848266},
   DOI = {10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306999},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Schildkraut, V. and Alex, G. and Cameron, D. J. and Hardikar, W. and Lipschitz, B. and Oliver, M. R. and Simpson, D. M. and Catto-Smith, A. G.},
   title = {Sixty-year study of incidence of childhood ulcerative colitis finds eleven-fold increase beginning in 1990s},
   journal = {Inflamm Bowel Dis},
   volume = {19},
   number = {1},
   pages = {1-6},
   note = {1536-4844
Schildkraut, Vered
Alex, George
Cameron, Donald J S
Hardikar, Winita
Lipschitz, Barry
Oliver, Mark R
Simpson, Dianne M
Catto-Smith, Anthony G
Journal Article
United States
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Jan;19(1):1-6. doi: 10.1002/ibd.22997.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: We sought to define the point at which a recently noted marked increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) had occurred in children in Victoria, Australia. METHODS: A 60-year retrospective review (1950-2009) of children age 16 years or less diagnosed with UC in the state's major pediatric centers was performed. RESULTS: In all, 342 children were diagnosed with UC (male to female ratio of 1.25:1.0, median age 10.9 years, interquartile range [IQR] 7.0, 13.2). The overall median annual incidence of UC was 0.36/10(5) children </= 16 years of age (IQR 0.18, 0.66). The number of reported cases increased by 11-fold during the study period (P < 0.001). This marked increase appeared to occur from the early 1990s and has yet to plateau. Children diagnosed during the last two decades were older at diagnosis (median 10 years vs. 11.6, P < 0.0001), and had higher weight- and height-for-age z scores than those diagnosed during the first 40 years (mean weight-for-age [standard deviation] 1950-1989: -0.80 [1.56] vs. 1990-2009: -0.11 [1.17], P < 0.001; mean height-for-age 1950-1989: -0.50 [1.15] vs. 1990-2009: -0.13 [1.12], P < 0.05). More recently diagnosed children also had more extensive disease (1950-1989: 52% vs. 1990-2009: 71%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of UC has increased markedly in Victorian children since 1990. Although some of this change may be attributable to earlier diagnosis, it is unlikely that this can provide a complete explanation for this still-increasing condition.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Australia/epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis/*epidemiology
Female
Humans
Incidence
Male
Retrospective Studies
Time Factors},
   ISSN = {1078-0998},
   Accession Number = {22532319},
   DOI = {10.1002/ibd.22997},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Schulze, H. and Esters, P. and Dignass, A.},
   title = {Review article: the management of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis during pregnancy and lactation},
   journal = {Aliment Pharmacol Ther},
   volume = {40},
   number = {9},
   pages = {991-1008},
   note = {1365-2036
Schulze, H
Esters, P
Dignass, A
Journal Article
Review
England
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Nov;40(9):991-1008. doi: 10.1111/apt.12949. Epub 2014 Sep 9.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) commonly affect young patients in the reproductive phase of their lives. The chronic and relapsing nature of IBD and the potential need for medical or surgical interventions raise concerns about family planning issues. AIM: To review the current knowledge on IBD management in pregnant and nursing IBD patients. METHODS: A PubMed literature search was performed using the search terms 'reproduction' and 'inflammatory bowel disease' and using the headers and main subjects of each section of this article as search terms. RESULTS: Male and female fertility are not impaired in the majority of IBD patients. In IBD patients with quiescent disease pregnancy outcomes are not impaired in comparison to the general population, however, an increased incidence of pregnancy complications is observed in active IBD patients. As methotrexate (MTX) has been demonstrated to be teratogenic, the use of MTX is contraindicated in patients, who wish to conceive, throughout pregnancy and when nursing. However, normal pregnancies following MTX treatment at conception and later have been reported. Most of the other currently approved IBD medications are not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and may be used to maintain quiescent disease or to induce a rapid remission in patients with flares and active disease. Breast-feeding in IBD patients is possible and recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The overall outcome of pregnancies in IBD patients is favourable and not different to healthy controls, thus patients with IBD should not be discouraged from having children.},
   keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Biological Products/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Breast Feeding
Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis/*drug therapy
Crohn Disease/diagnosis/*drug therapy
Disease Management
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
*Lactation/drug effects
Male
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis/*drug therapy
Pregnancy Outcome},
   ISSN = {0269-2813},
   Accession Number = {25200000},
   DOI = {10.1111/apt.12949},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Schwanke, R. C. and Marcon, R. and Meotti, F. C. and Bento, A. F. and Dutra, R. C. and Pizzollatti, M. G. and Calixto, J. B.},
   title = {Oral administration of the flavonoid myricitrin prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice through modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway},
   journal = {Mol Nutr Food Res},
   volume = {57},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1938-49},
   note = {1613-4133
Schwanke, Raquel Cristina
Marcon, Rodrigo
Meotti, Flavia Carla
Bento, Allisson Freire
Dutra, Rafael Cypriano
Pizzollatti, Moacir Geraldo
Calixto, Joao B
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Nov;57(11):1938-49. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201300134. Epub 2013 Jul 17.},
   abstract = {SCOPE: We investigated the protective effect of the flavonoid myricitrin in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis as promising candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis which is considered an important worldwide public health problem. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male CD1 mice were provided with a solution of filtered water containing 3% w/v DSS ad libitum over a 5-day period followed by 2 days with normal drinking water. Myricitrin was administered orally, once a day, at the doses 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg of body weight. At the end of day 7th, the animals were euthanized and the colonic tissue was collected to be analyzed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Our results showed that oral treatment with myricitrin exerts consistent anti-inflammatory action in DSS-induced acute colitis in mice by the inhibition of the Akt/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent phosphorylation. Consequently, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and of the nuclear factor B (NF-kappaB) was reduced and prevented an increase in the cytokines/chemokines levels. CONCLUSION: Together, these data reveal that the anti-inflammatory effect of myricitrin in DSS-induced colitis in mice is likely associated with its ability to prevent the activation of upstream kinases, such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent Akt, NF-kappaB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase.},
   keywords = {Administration, Oral
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*administration & dosage
Body Weight/drug effects
Chemokine CXCL1/genetics/metabolism
Colitis/chemically induced/*drug therapy
Colon/drug effects/metabolism
Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/metabolism
Dextran Sulfate/*adverse effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Flavonoids/*administration & dosage
Interleukin-6/genetics/metabolism
MAP Kinase Signaling System/*drug effects
Male
Mice
NF-kappa B/genetics/metabolism
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics/metabolism
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/metabolism
Phosphorylation
Protein Kinase C-epsilon/genetics/metabolism
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics/metabolism
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics/metabolism
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism
DSS-induced colitis
Mapk
Myricitrin
NF-kappaB
PI3K/Akt pathway},
   ISSN = {1613-4125},
   Accession Number = {23861337},
   DOI = {10.1002/mnfr.201300134},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Serrano Leon, A. and Amir Shaghaghi, M. and Yurkova, N. and Bernstein, C. N. and El-Gabalawy, H. and Eck, P.},
   title = {Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC22A23 are associated with ulcerative colitis in a Canadian white cohort},
   journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
   volume = {100},
   number = {1},
   pages = {289-94},
   note = {1938-3207
Serrano Leon, Alejandra
Amir Shaghaghi, Mandana
Yurkova, Natalia
Bernstein, Charles N
El-Gabalawy, Hani
Eck, Peter
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):289-94. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.080549. Epub 2014 Apr 16.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: SLC22A23 is an orphan gene in the SLC22 family of organic membrane transporters, and its single-nucleotide polymorphism rs17309827-T was recently nominally associated with intestinal inflammation in a genome-wide association study. Other polymorphisms in the SLC22A23 gene have been associated with diseases with an inflammatory component, and polymorphisms in related genes in the SLC22 family have been repeatedly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVE: In a candidate-gene study using a well-phenotyped, highly monitored, Manitoban white cohort, we investigated whether variations in SLC22A23 were associated with intestinal inflammation. DESIGN: Selected genetic variations were genotyped by using fluorescent-based assays or a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 160 individuals with Crohn disease, 149 individuals with ulcerative colitis, and 142 healthy control subjects to determine genetic associations. RESULTS: Homozygocity for single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs4959235-TT and rs950318-GG was associated with IBD, whereby 6% of patients (18 of 311 cases) carried these genotypes, but they were not seen in healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Associations reported in this article add to the emerging evidence that SLC22A23 variants could modify IBD risk. However, the biology of the gene and impact of variations on the gene's functions need to be tested to validate a causative role.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Alleles
Canada
Colitis, Ulcerative/*genetics
European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics
Female
Gene Frequency
Genetic Loci
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genotyping Techniques
Haplotypes
Humans
Male
Organic Anion Transporters/*genetics
Phenotype
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0002-9165},
   Accession Number = {24740203},
   DOI = {10.3945/ajcn.113.080549},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Shim, J. O. and Hwang, S. and Yang, H. R. and Moon, J. S. and Chang, J. Y. and Ko, J. S. and Park, S. S. and Kang, G. H. and Kim, W. S. and Seo, J. K.},
   title = {Interleukin-10 receptor mutations in children with neonatal-onset Crohn's disease and intractable ulcerating enterocolitis},
   journal = {Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {25},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1235-40},
   note = {1473-5687
Shim, Jung Ok
Hwang, Solha
Yang, Hye Ran
Moon, Jin Soo
Chang, Ju Young
Ko, Jae Sung
Park, Sung Sup
Kang, Gyeong-Hoon
Kim, Woo Sun
Seo, Jeong Kee
Case Reports
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Oct;25(10):1235-40. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e328361a4f9.},
   abstract = {Neonatal-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) accounts for only 0.25% of pediatric IBD cases. The molecular pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear. Recently, rare Mendelian mutations have been identified in children with very early-onset Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In this study, we report compound heterozygous mutations in the interleukin-10 receptor A (IL-10RA) gene in children with severe neonatal-onset IBD. Patient 1 had chronic diarrhea within the first month of life and had perianal fistulae. She was diagnosed with 'intractable ulcerating enterocolitis in infancy' and underwent subtotal colectomy at the age of 24 months because of poor response to immunosuppressant therapy. Compound heterozygous mutations, c.[301C>T];[350G>A](p.[R101W];[R117H]), were discovered in IL-10RA for this patient. Patient 2 presented symptoms within the first month of life and was diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Severe colitis and perianal and enteroenteric fistulae occurred repeatedly, and he underwent surgical management involving colectomy, colostomy, and ileostomy. We identified mutations in IL-10RA, c.[272A>G];[784C>T] (p.[Y91C];[R262C]). Patient 3 had chronic diarrhea and a rectovaginal fistula at 3 days of life and was diagnosed with Crohn's disease. She underwent fistulectomy and ileostomy, but experienced frequent relapses. Mutations, c.[272A>G];[301C>T] (p.[Y91C];[R101W]), were found in IL-10RA. This report confirms the genetic defect of IL-10RA in neonatal-onset IBD including 'intractable ulcerating enterocolitis in infancy'.},
   keywords = {Colitis, Ulcerative/congenital/diagnosis/*genetics
Colonoscopy
Crohn Disease/congenital/diagnosis/*genetics
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Subunit/*genetics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
*Mutation},
   ISSN = {0954-691x},
   Accession Number = {23839161},
   DOI = {10.1097/MEG.0b013e328361a4f9},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Shirazi, K. M. and Somi, M. H. and Bafandeh, Y. and Saremi, F. and Mylanchy, N. and Rezaeifar, P. and Abedi Manesh, N. and Mirinezhad, S. K.},
   title = {Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in patients from northwestern iran},
   journal = {Middle East J Dig Dis},
   volume = {5},
   number = {2},
   pages = {86-92},
   note = {Shirazi, Kourosh Masnadi
Somi, Mohammad Hossein
Bafandeh, Yoosef
Saremi, Firooz
Mylanchy, Nooshin
Rezaeifar, Parisa
Abedi Manesh, Nasim
Mirinezhad, Seyed Kazem
Journal Article
Iran
Middle East J Dig Dis. 2013 Apr;5(2):86-92.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: There are few reports from Iran about the epidemiology and clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to determine the epidemiologic profile and clinical features of IBD in Northwest Iran referral centers. METHODS: In a cross-sectional setting, we evaluated 200 patients with definitive diagnoses of IBD who referred to Tabriz educational hospitals during the period of 2005 to 2007. Demographic characteristics as well as patients' clinical profiles were evaluated. Disease activity and severity were determined by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index and Truelove and Witt's classification of ulcerative colitis (UC). The related probable demographic factors were tested. RESULTS: Of the 200 IBD patients, 183 (91.5%) were diagnosed with UC and 17 (8.5%) with Crohn's disease (CD). There was a positive first degree relative of IBD in 10.9% of UC and 11.8% of CD patients. Abdominal pain was the primary presenting symptom in 25.7% of UC patients and in 58.8% of those with CD. Among UC patients, left-sided colitis was the main feature (52.5%); while in patients with CD, colon involvement was predominant (52.9%). There was no significant contributor for activity or severity of disease noted among demographic factors. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of UC was much higher than CD. The onset of IBD occurred in younger ages with a predominance in males. Left-sided colitis in UC and colon involvement in CD was common. Mostly, the pattern of IBD was mild to moderate with good response to pharmacotherapy. Disease activity and severity were unaffected by demographic features.},
   keywords = {Demographic
Disease severity
Inflammatory bowel disease
Iran},
   ISSN = {2008-5230 (Print)
2008-5230},
   Accession Number = {24829675},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Shouval, D. S. and Biswas, A. and Goettel, J. A. and McCann, K. and Conaway, E. and Redhu, N. S. and Mascanfroni, I. D. and Al Adham, Z. and Lavoie, S. and Ibourk, M. and Nguyen, D. D. and Samsom, J. N. and Escher, J. C. and Somech, R. and Weiss, B. and Beier, R. and Conklin, L. S. and Ebens, C. L. and Santos, F. G. and Ferreira, A. R. and Sherlock, M. and Bhan, A. K. and Muller, W. and Mora, J. R. and Quintana, F. J. and Klein, C. and Muise, A. M. and Horwitz, B. H. and Snapper, S. B.},
   title = {Interleukin-10 receptor signaling in innate immune cells regulates mucosal immune tolerance and anti-inflammatory macrophage function},
   journal = {Immunity},
   volume = {40},
   number = {5},
   pages = {706-19},
   note = {1097-4180
Shouval, Dror S
Biswas, Amlan
Goettel, Jeremy A
McCann, Katelyn
Conaway, Evan
Redhu, Naresh S
Mascanfroni, Ivan D
Al Adham, Ziad
Lavoie, Sydney
Ibourk, Mouna
Nguyen, Deanna D
Samsom, Janneke N
Escher, Johanna C
Somech, Raz
Weiss, Batia
Beier, Rita
Conklin, Laurie S
Ebens, Christen L
Santos, Fernanda G M S
Ferreira, Alexandre R
Sherlock, Mary
Bhan, Atul K
Muller, Werner
Mora, J Rodrigo
Quintana, Francisco J
Klein, Christoph
Muise, Aleixo M
Horwitz, Bruce H
Snapper, Scott B
R56 AI050950/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
R01 AI050950/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
DK034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
P30 DK034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
HL59561/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
AI50950/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
P01 HL059561/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Immunity. 2014 May 15;40(5):706-19. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.011. Epub 2014 May 1.},
   abstract = {Intact interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) signaling on effector and T regulatory (Treg) cells are each independently required to maintain immune tolerance. Here we show that IL-10 sensing by innate immune cells, independent of its effects on T cells, was critical for regulating mucosal homeostasis. Following wild-type (WT) CD4(+) T cell transfer, Rag2(-/-)Il10rb(-/-) mice developed severe colitis in association with profound defects in generation and function of Treg cells. Moreover, loss of IL-10R signaling impaired the generation and function of anti-inflammatory intestinal and bone-marrow-derived macrophages and their ability to secrete IL-10. Importantly, transfer of WT but not Il10rb(-/-) anti-inflammatory macrophages ameliorated colitis induction by WT CD4(+) T cells in Rag2(-/-)Il10rb(-/-) mice. Similar alterations in the generation and function of anti-inflammatory macrophages were observed in IL-10R-deficient patients with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Collectively, our studies define innate immune IL-10R signaling as a key factor regulating mucosal immune homeostasis in mice and humans.},
   keywords = {Adoptive Transfer
Animals
Cell Differentiation/immunology
Cell Proliferation
Cells, Cultured
Colitis, Ulcerative/*genetics/*immunology
DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics
Humans
Immune Tolerance/genetics/immunology
Immunity, Innate/genetics/immunology
Inflammation/immunology
Interleukin-10/*immunology
Macrophages/immunology
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Receptors, Interleukin-10/deficiency/genetics/*immunology
Signal Transduction/immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology},
   ISSN = {1074-7613},
   Accession Number = {24792912},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.011},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Singh, U. P. and Singh, N. P. and Guan, H. and Busbee, B. and Price, R. L. and Taub, D. D. and Mishra, M. K. and Fayad, R. and Nagarkatti, M. and Nagarkatti, P. S.},
   title = {Leptin antagonist ameliorates chronic colitis in IL-10(-)/(-) mice},
   journal = {Immunobiology},
   volume = {218},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1439-51},
   note = {1878-3279
Singh, Udai P
Singh, Narendra P
Guan, Hongbing
Busbee, Brandon
Price, Robert L
Taub, Dennis D
Mishra, Manoj K
Fayad, Raja
Nagarkatti, Mitzi
Nagarkatti, Prakash S
R01 MH094755/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R56 DK087836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Intramural NIH HHS/United States
R01 ES019313/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
P20 GM103641/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
P01 AT003961/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States
R01 AT006888/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/United States
P30 GM103336/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
Immunobiology. 2013 Dec;218(12):1439-51. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.020. Epub 2013 May 13.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the etiology of two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are unknown and evidence suggests that chronic intestinal inflammation is caused by an excessive immune response to mucosal antigens. Previous studies support the role for TGF-beta1 through 3 in the initiation and maintenance of tolerance via the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to control intestinal inflammation. Leptin, a satiety hormone produced primarily by adipose tissue, has been shown to increase during colitis progression and is believed to contribute to disease genesis and/or progression. AIM: We investigated the ability of a pegylated leptin antagonist (PG-MLA) to ameliorate the development of chronic experimental colitis. RESULTS: Compared to vehicle control animals, PG-MLA treatment of mice resulted in an (1) attenuated clinical score; (2) reversed colitis-associated pathogenesis including a decrease in body weight; (3) reduced systemic and mucosal inflammatory cytokine expression; (4) increased insulin levels and (5) enhanced systemic and mucosal Tregs and CD39(+) Tregs in mice with chronic colitis. The percentage of systemic and mucosal TGF-beta1, -beta2 and -beta3 expressing CD4(+) T cells were augmented after PG-MLA treatment. The activation of STAT1 and STAT3 and the expression of Smad7 were also reduced after PG-MLA treatment in the colitic mice. These findings clearly suggest that PG-MLA treatment reduces intestinal Smad7 expression, restores TGF-beta1-3 signaling and reduces STAT1/STAT3 activation that may increase the number of Tregs to ameliorate chronic colitis. CONCLUSION: This study clearly links inflammation with the metabolic hormone leptin suggesting that nutritional status influences immune tolerance through the induction of functional Tregs. Inhibiting leptin activity through PG-MLA might provide a new and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBD.},
   keywords = {Animals
Antigens, CD/metabolism
Apyrase/metabolism
Body Weight/drug effects
Chronic Disease
Colitis/*drug therapy/immunology
Down-Regulation/drug effects
Female
Insulin/metabolism
Interleukin-10/genetics
Intestinal Mucosa/*drug effects/immunology
Leptin/*administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
Recombinant Proteins/*administration & dosage/chemistry
STAT1 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism
STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism
Signal Transduction/drug effects
Smad7 Protein/genetics/metabolism
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*drug effects/immunology
Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Antagonist
Crohn's disease (CD)
Inflammation
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Leptin
Pegylated
Ulcerative colitis (UC)},
   ISSN = {0171-2985},
   Accession Number = {23726523},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.020},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Singla, V. and Pratap Mouli, V. and Garg, S. K. and Rai, T. and Choudhury, B. N. and Verma, P. and Deb, R. and Tiwari, V. and Rohatgi, S. and Dhingra, R. and Kedia, S. and Sharma, P. K. and Makharia, G. and Ahuja, V.},
   title = {Induction with NCB-02 (curcumin) enema for mild-to-moderate distal ulcerative colitis - a randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study},
   journal = {J Crohns Colitis},
   volume = {8},
   number = {3},
   pages = {208-14},
   note = {1876-4479
Singla, Vikas
Pratap Mouli, Venigalla
Garg, Sushil Kumar
Rai, Tarun
Choudhury, Bikash Narayan
Verma, Prashant
Deb, Rachana
Tiwari, Veena
Rohatgi, Sarika
Dhingra, Rajan
Kedia, Saurabh
Sharma, Piyush Kumar
Makharia, Govind
Ahuja, Vineet
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
England
J Crohns Colitis. 2014 Mar;8(3):208-14. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.08.006. Epub 2013 Sep 5.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric with anti-inflammatory properties, has been demonstrated to be useful in experimental models of ulcerative colitis (UC). It's efficacy in humans needs to be investigated. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, single-centre pilot trial was conducted in patients with distal UC (<25 cm involvement) and mild-to-moderate disease activity. Forty-five patients were randomized to either NCB-02 (standardized curcumin preparation) enema plus oral 5-ASA or placebo enema plus oral 5-ASA. Primary end point was disease response, defined as reduction in Ulcerative Colitis Diseases Activity Index by 3 points at 8 weeks, and secondary end points were improvement in endoscopic activity and disease remission at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Response to treatment was observed in 56.5% in NCB-02 group compared to 36.4% (p=0.175) in placebo group. At week 8, clinical remission was observed in 43.4% of patients in NCB-02 group compared to 22.7% in placebo group (p=0.14) and improvement on endoscopy in 52.2% of patients in NCB-02 group compared to 36.4% of patients in placebo group (p=0.29). Per protocol analysis revealed significantly better outcomes in NCB-02 group, in terms of clinical response (92.9% vs. 50%, p=0.01), clinical remission (71.4% vs. 31.3%, p=0.03), and improvement on endoscopy (85.7% vs. 50%, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: In this pilot study we found some evidence that use of NCB-02 enema may tend to result in greater improvements in disease activity compared to placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate distal UC. The role of NCB-02 as a novel therapy for UC should be investigated further.},
   keywords = {Administration, Rectal
Adult
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy/pathology
Curcumin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Drug Therapy, Combination
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Enema
Female
Humans
Male
Mesalamine/therapeutic use
Middle Aged
Pilot Projects
Remission Induction/methods
Severity of Illness Index
Young Adult
Curcumin
Ncb-02
Ulcerative colitis},
   ISSN = {1873-9946},
   Accession Number = {24011514},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.crohns.2013.08.006},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Skowronska-Piekarska, U. and Matysiak, K. and Sowinska, A.},
   title = {The impact of the nutritional state of patients on the results of the surgical treatment of Crohn's disease},
   journal = {Pol Przegl Chir},
   volume = {85},
   number = {7},
   pages = {361-70},
   note = {2299-2847
Skowronska-Piekarska, Urszula
Matysiak, Konrad
Sowinska, Anna
Journal Article
Poland
Pol Przegl Chir. 2013 Jul;85(7):361-70. doi: 10.2478/pjs-2013-0055.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: Crohn's disease (CD) patients are qualified for surgery in the acute phase of the disease or after ineffective medical therapy. The course of the disease and the medical treatment received to that point weaken the general state of patients, with that they also cause undernutrition. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The assessment of the nutritional state of 168 CD patients, admitted for surgery and the evaluation of the influence of this state on the postoperative course. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We referred the results of the nutritional state assessment to the time of the postoperative hospitalization of patients. RESULTS: Applying the Kruskal-Wallis test we found statistically significant, but weakly expressed, differences between the values of nutritional state parameters and period of hospitalization of patients. The applied U Mann-Whitney test, with statistically significant results with p <0.05, showed that no one parameter of the nutritional state of patients expressed a statistically significant difference between dead and recovered groups. CONCLUSIONS: We propose the body mass loss in the 6 months period before admission, TLC and serum albumin level as parameters which well detect undernutrition in CD patients presenting for surgery.},
   keywords = {Adult
Colitis, Ulcerative/*epidemiology/psychology/surgery
Comorbidity
Female
Humans
Male
Malnutrition/*epidemiology/psychology
*Nutritional Status
Poland
Prognosis
Treatment Outcome
*Weight Loss
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0032-373x},
   Accession Number = {23945112},
   DOI = {10.2478/pjs-2013-0055},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Skowronska-Piekarska, U. and Matysiak, K. and Sowinska, A.},
   title = {The impact of the nutritional state of patients on the results of the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis},
   journal = {Pol Przegl Chir},
   volume = {85},
   number = {8},
   pages = {424-32},
   note = {2299-2847
Skowronska-Piekarska, Urszula
Matysiak, Konrad
Sowinska, Anna
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Poland
Pol Przegl Chir. 2013 Aug;85(8):424-32. doi: 10.2478/pjs-2013-0065.},
   abstract = {UNLABELLED: A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the malnutrition and body mass loss in UC patients. The aim of the study trial was a nutritional state assessment of 347 UC patients, admitted for surgical treatment, and the evaluation of the impact of this state on the postoperative course in this group of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We referred the results of nutritional state assessment to the length of time of postoperative hospitalization of patients. RESULTS: Through application of the Kruskal-Wallis test we found statistically significant, but weakly expressed, differences between the values of nutritional state parameters and period of hospitalization of patients. The applied U Mann-Whitney test, with statistically significant results with p <0.05, showed statistically significant differences between cured and dead subgroups in: 1) loss of body mass in 6 months before hospitalization (p = 0.000033), 2) hemoglobin level (p = 0.006676), 3) total lymphocyte count (TLC) (p = 0.025242), 4) total serum protein level (p = 0.003485), 5) serum albumin level (p =0.00165). Differences in BMI values were statistically negligible (p = 0.969397). CONCLUSIONS: The body mass loss in 6 months before admission, total lymphocyte count and serum albumin level are the reference parameters of the nutritional state of UC patients on admission to surgery.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Colitis, Ulcerative/*epidemiology/*surgery
Comorbidity
Female
Humans
Length of Stay
Lymphocyte Count
Male
Malnutrition/*epidemiology
Memory, Episodic
Middle Aged
*Nutritional Status
Treatment Outcome
Weight Loss
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0032-373x},
   Accession Number = {24009052},
   DOI = {10.2478/pjs-2013-0065},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sladek, M. and Wasilewska, A. and Swiat, A. and Cmiel, A.},
   title = {Serum anti-glycan antibodies in paediatric-onset Crohn's disease: association with disease phenotype and diagnostic accuracy},
   journal = {Prz Gastroenterol},
   volume = {9},
   number = {4},
   pages = {232-41},
   note = {Sladek, Malgorzata
Wasilewska, Agata
Swiat, Agnieszka
Cmiel, Adam
Journal Article
Poland
Prz Gastroenterol. 2014;9(4):232-41. doi: 10.5114/pg.2014.45106. Epub 2014 Sep 16.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Antibodies reacting with various microbial epitopes have been described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are associated with a specific diagnosis and clinical presentation. AIM: To evaluate the profile of new anti-glycan antibodies, their potential association with disease phenotype and diagnostic accuracy in paediatric Crohn's disease (CD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples from 134 paediatric IBD patients (109 CD, 25 ulcerative colitis (UC)) and 67 controls were blindly analysed for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), anti-chitobioside carbohydrate (ACCA), anti-laminaribioside carbohydrate (ALCA), and anti-mannobioside carbohydrate (AMCA) antibodies using commercially available assays. The serological response to glycans was correlated with clinical disease characteristics. RESULTS: At least one of the tested anti-glycan antibodies was present in 75% of CD patients. Despite the high frequency of reactivity to glycan epitopes, a limited overlap of serological markers was observed. In total, 49% of ASCA-negative patients presented with one of the following: ACCA, ALCA, or AMCA. The occurrence of one antibody from the anti-glycan panel was independently associated with complicated disease phenotype and ileocolonic disease location. A higher level of immune response as assessed by the quartile sum scores for ACCA, ALCA, and AMCA was linked with older age at diagnosis (10-17 years) and ileocolonic disease location. The ASCA had the greatest accuracy for diagnosis and differentiation of CD. CONCLUSIONS: Qualitative and quantitative serologicalal response to glycan epitopes was associated with distinct clinical presentation in paediatric CD patients. This raises the possibility for the use of these markers to differentiate subgroups of CD patients with more sever clinical presentation. The ASCA was the most accurate serological marker for CD; however, testing for the new anti-glycan antibodies may constitute an adjunctive tool in a specific group of patients to aid in the differentiation of CD with absent ASCA from ulcerative colitis.},
   keywords = {Crohn's disease
children
inflammatory bowel disease
serological biomarkers
serum anti-glycan antibodies},
   ISSN = {1895-5770 (Print)
1895-5770},
   Accession Number = {25276255},
   DOI = {10.5114/pg.2014.45106},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Smirnova, O. A. and Kostiuchenko, L. N. and Ruchkina, I. N.},
   title = {[Prospects for nutritional support of patients with ulcerative colitis]},
   journal = {Eksp Klin Gastroenterol},
   number = {2},
   pages = {121-5},
   note = {Smirnova, O A
Kostiuchenko, L N
Ruchkina, I N
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
Russia (Federation)
Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2013;(2):121-5.},
   abstract = {The article presents the data on the assessment of the degree of severity of ulcerative colitis and the selection of nutritional support with the account of the violations of the nutrition status with ulcerative colitis.},
   keywords = {Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism/pathology/*therapy
Humans
Nutritional Status
Nutritional Support/*methods},
   ISSN = {1682-8658 (Print)
1682-8658},
   Accession Number = {23947173},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Smirnova, O. A. and Kostiuchenko, L. N. and Sagynbaeva, V. E. and Kuz'mina, T. N. and Podkopaev, D. V.},
   title = {[Immunological criteria for evaluation of nutritional support in ulcerative colitis]},
   journal = {Eksp Klin Gastroenterol},
   number = {11},
   pages = {7-9},
   note = {Smirnova, O A
Kostiuchenko, L N
Sagynbaeva, V E
Kuz'mina, T N
Podkopaev, D V
English Abstract
Journal Article
Russia (Federation)
Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2013;(11):7-9.},
   abstract = {The article presents the data on the assessment of nutritional status, taking into account humoral immunologic criteria of patients with ulcerative colitis.},
   keywords = {Colitis, Ulcerative/*immunology/*therapy
Female
Humans
*Immunity, Humoral
Male
*Nutritional Support},
   ISSN = {1682-8658 (Print)
1682-8658},
   Accession Number = {24933971},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sokol, H. and Seksik, P. and Cosnes, J.},
   title = {Complications and surgery in the inflammatory bowel diseases biological era},
   journal = {Curr Opin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {30},
   number = {4},
   pages = {378-84},
   note = {1531-7056
Sokol, Harry
Seksik, Philippe
Cosnes, Jacques
Journal Article
Review
United States
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014 Jul;30(4):378-84. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000078.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has changed dramatically in recent years with a wider use of immunomodulators and the introduction of antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents. This article reviews the existing data on the long-term efficacy of biologics, that is, anti-TNF agents, for preventing complications and surgery in patients with IBD. RECENT FINDINGS: Anti-TNF agents are effective for preventing endoscopic and surgical recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease. They are able to achieve fistula closure and do not increase the risk of stricture. Most randomized short-term trials also showed decreased requirement for hospitalizations and surgery in patients receiving anti-TNF. However, observational studies from referral centers or based on population have shown conflicting results. The need for surgery in Crohn's disease and the risk of colectomy in ulcerative colitis seem to be decreasing in recent years, but the specific effect of the introduction of anti-TNF agents cannot be currently evaluated. SUMMARY: Although anti-TNF agents are the most powerful drugs in IBD, their ability to decrease the need for surgery remains unclear. Conflicting results observed in observational surveys might be because of anti-TNF agents administered too late in the course of IBD.},
   keywords = {Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
*Colectomy
Colitis, Ulcerative/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/pathology/*surgery
Crohn Disease/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/pathology/*surgery
Humans
Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Recurrence
Remission Induction
Secondary Prevention
Treatment Outcome
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & inhibitors},
   ISSN = {0267-1379},
   Accession Number = {24840000},
   DOI = {10.1097/mog.0000000000000078},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Sokulmez, P. and Demirbag, A. E. and Arslan, P. and Disibeyaz, S.},
   title = {Effects of enteral nutritional support on malnourished patients with inflammatory bowel disease by subjective global assessment},
   journal = {Turk J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {25},
   number = {5},
   pages = {493-507},
   note = {2148-5607
Sokulmez, Pinar
Demirbag, Ali Eba
Arslan, Perihan
Disibeyaz, Selcuk
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Turkey
Turk J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct;25(5):493-507. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2014.4955.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by subjective global assessment (SGA) and the effects of oral nutritional support on the clinical parameters, consumption of energy, macronutrients and fiber intake in the Study and Control groups, prospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 38 (28 Male; 10 Female) hospitalized patients with moderate or severe IBD (13 with Crohn's disease (CD); 25 with Ulcerative colitis (UC)) were included. At stage 1, the disease severity, clinical symptoms and, signs, food consumption and nutritional status by using subjective global assessment (SGA) were recorded. At stage 2, the patients were blindly randomized into a Study Group and Controls. In the Study Group, a standard enteral product was added into the regulated hospital diets, but for the Controls, deficits were regulated by only hospital diets for 3 weeks. the independent variables were the group, the disease

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib