text:
the effects of covariates and genotype x sex interactions on the genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) of RA using Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 Problem 1 data and a logistic regression approach as implemented in PLINK. After accounting for the effects of population stratification, effects of covariates and genotype x sex interactions on the GWAA of RA were assessed by conducting association and interaction analyses. We found significant allelic associations, covariate, and genotype x sex interaction effects on RA. Several top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (~22 SNPs) showed significant associations with strong p-values (p < 1 x 10-4 - p < 1 x 10-24). Only three SNPs on chromosomes 4, 13, and 20 were significant after Bonferroni correction, and none of these three SNPs showed significant genotype x sex interactions. Of the 30 top SNPs with significant (p < 1 x 10-4 - p < 1 x 10-6) interactions, ~23 SNPs showed additive interactions and ~5 SNPs showed only dominance interactions. Those SNPs showing significant associations in the regular logistic regression failed to show significant interactions. In contrast, the SNPs that showed significant interactions failed to show significant associations in models that did not incorporate interactions. It is important to consider interactions of genotype x sex in addition to associations in a GWAA of RA. Furthermore, the association between SNPs and RA susceptibility varies significantly between men and women.},
affiliation = {Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. arya@uthscsa.edu.},
pages = {S84},
volume = {3 Suppl 7},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-04-26 23:08:36 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:19 +0200},
pmid = {20018080},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Arya-2009-BMC%20Proc_Effects%20of%20covariate.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11369},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Stromberg:2009p1688,
author = {Ulf Str{\"o}mberg},
journal = {Eur J Epidemiol},
title = {Empirical Bayes and semi-Bayes adjustments for a vast number of estimations},
abstract = {Investigators in modern molecular/genetic epidemiology studies commonly analyze data on a vast number of candidate genetic markers. In such situations, rather than conventional estimation of effects (odds ratios), more accurate estimation methods are needed. The author proposes consideration of empirical Bayes and semi-Bayes methods, which yield 'adjustments for multiple estimations' by shrinking conventional effect estimates towards the overall average effect.},
affiliation = {Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, ulf.stromberg@med.lu.se.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Oct},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-01-09 18:33:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 18:33:21 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s10654-009-9393-0},
pmid = {19813100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Str%C3%B6mberg-2009-Eur%20J%20Epidemiol_Empirical%20Bayes%20and.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1688},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Uebersax:1990p6677,
author = {J S Uebersax and W M Grove},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Latent class analysis of diagnostic agreement},
abstract = {We describe methods based on latent class analysis for analysis and interpretation of agreement on dichotomous diagnostic ratings. This approach formulates agreement in terms of parameters directly related to diagnostic accuracy and leads to many practical applications, such as estimation of the accuracy of individual ratings and the extent to which accuracy may improve with multiple opinions. We describe refinements in the estimation of parameters for varying panel designs, and apply latent class methods successfully to examples of medical agreement data that include data previously found to be poorly fitted by two-class models. Latent class techniques provide a powerful and flexible set of tools to analyse diagnostic agreement and one should consider them routinely in the analysis of such data.},
affiliation = {Behavioral Sciences Department, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90406.},
number = {5},
pages = {559--72},
volume = {9},
year = {1990},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Likelihood Functions, Epidemiology, Models: Statistical, Algorithms, Reproducibility of Results, Diagnosis, Humans, Decision Support Techniques, Chi-Square Distribution, Sensitivity and Specificity},
date-added = {2010-03-05 22:07:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-05 22:07:45 +0100},
pmid = {2190288},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Uebersax-1990-Stat%20Med_Latent%20class%20analysi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6677},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Shabalin:2009p2898,
author = {Andrey A Shabalin and Victor J Weigman and Charles M Perou and Andrew B Nobel},
journal = {arXiv},
title = {Finding large average submatrices in high dimensional data},
abstract = { The search for sample-variable associations is an important problem in the exploratory analysis of high dimensional data. Biclustering methods search for sample-variable associations in the form of distinguished submatrices of the data matrix. (The rows and columns of a submatrix need not be contiguous.) In this paper we propose and evaluate a statistically motivated biclustering procedure (LAS) that finds large average submatrices within a given real-valued data matrix. The procedure operates in an iterative-residual fashion, and is driven by a Bonferroni-based significance score that effectively trades off between submatrix size and average value. We examine the performance and potential utility of LAS, and compare it with a number of existing methods, through an extensive three-part validation study using two gene expression datasets. The validation study examines quantitative properties of biclusters, biological and clinical assessments using auxiliary information, and classification of disease subtypes using bicluster membership. In addition, we carry out a simulation study to assess the effectiveness and noise sensitivity of the LAS search procedure. These results suggest that LAS is an effective exploratory tool for the discovery of biologically relevant structures in high dimensional data. Software is available at https://genome.unc.edu/las/. },
annote = {Published in: Annals of Applied Statistics 2009, Vol. 3, No. 3, 985-1012

Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS239 the Annals of
  Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
  Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)},
eprint = {0905.1682v2},
volume = {q-bio.GN},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
keywords = {q-bio.GN, q-bio.QM},
date-added = {2010-01-13 14:59:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 14:59:06 +0100},
doi = {10.1214/09-AOAS239},
pmid = {0905.1682v2},
URL = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0905.1682v2},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Shabalin-2009-arXiv_Finding%20large%20averag.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2898},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Verguts:2001p14106,
author = {T Verguts and P De Boeck},
journal = {Br J Math Stat Psychol},
title = {Some Mantel-Haenszel tests of Rasch model assumptions},
abstract = {A class of Rasch model tests is proposed, all of them based on the Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared statistic. All tests make use of the 'sufficient statistics' property the Rasch model possesses. One element of our general class, the test for item bias developed by Holland and Thayer, has been discussed extensively in the psychometric literature. Three applications of the general procedure are presented, two on unidimensionality and one on item dependence in educational testing. In each case, simulation results are reported. Our procedure is also applied to real data.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Tom.Verguts@psy.kuleuven.ac.be},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {21--37},
volume = {54},
year = {2001},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Educational Measurement, Psychometrics, Humans, School Admission Criteria, Reproducibility of Results, Stochastic Processes, Models: Statistical, Data Interpretation: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-08-18 11:23:16 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-18 11:23:17 +0200},
pmid = {11393900},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Verguts-2001-Br%20J%20Math%20Stat%20Psychol_Some%20Mantel-Haenszel.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14106},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Moran:2003p8328,
author = {Paul Moran and Morven Leese and Tennyson Lee and Paul Walters and Graham Thornicroft and Anthony Mann},
journal = {Br J Psychiatry},
title = {Standardised Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): preliminary validation of a brief screen for personality disorder},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a need for a brief and simple screen for personality disorders that can be used in routine psychiatric assessments. AIMS: To test the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a brief screen for personality disorder. METHOD: Sixty psychiatric patients were administered a brief screening interview for personality disorder. On the same day, they were interviewed with an established assessment for DSM-IV personality disorder. Three weeks later, the brief screening interview was repeated in order to examine test-retest reliability. RESULTS: A score of 3 on the screening interview correctly identified the presence of DSM-IV personality disorder in 90% of participants. The sensitivity and specificity were were 0.94 and and 0.85 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides preliminary evidence of the usefulness of the screen in routine clinical settings.},
affiliation = {Health Services Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. paul.moran@iop.kcl.ac.uk},
pages = {228--32},
volume = {183},
year = {2003},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Adult, Male, Interview: Psychological, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis},
date-added = {2010-03-21 12:32:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:52:08 +0200},
pmid = {12948996},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8328},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Thioulouse:2010p12056,
author = {J Thioulouse and P Cadet and A Albrecht},
title = {The use of permutation tests in co-inertia analysis: Application to the study of nematode-soil relationships},
date-added = {2010-05-24 10:53:32 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-24 10:54:46 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Thioulouse--_The%20use%20of%20permutati.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12056},
rating = {0}
}

@article{BartresFaz:2008p5833,
author = {David Bartr{\'e}s-Faz and Josep M Serra-Grabulosa and Felice T Sun and Cristina Sol{\'e}-Padull{\'e}s and Lorena Rami and Jos{\'e} L Molinuevo and Beatriu Bosch and Josep M Mercader and N{\'u}ria Bargall{\'o} and Carles Falc{\'o}n and Pere Vendrell and Carme Junqu{\'e} and Mark D'Esposito},
journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
title = {Functional connectivity of the hippocampus in elderly with mild memory dysfunction carrying the APOE epsilon4 allele},
abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to evaluate functional connectivity of the hippocampus during a fMRI face-name learning task in a group of elders with mild memory impairment on the basis of the presence or absence of the APOE epsilon4 allele. Twelve epsilon4 carriers and 20 non-carriers with mild memory dysfunction and exhibiting equivalent performance in clinical evaluations of global cognitive function and memory were studied. Subjects underwent a fMRI session consisting of a face-name encoding memory task. Following scanning, subjects were asked to pair faces with their corresponding proper name. Functional connectivity of the hippocampus was measured by using coherence analysis to evaluate the activity of brain circuits related to memory encoding processes. In contrast to non-APOE epsilon4 allele bearers, APOE epsilon4 carriers showed enhanced connectivity with the anterior cingulate, inferior parietal/postcentral gyrus region and the caudate nucleus. Enhanced hippocampal connectivity with additional brain regions in APOE epsilon4 allele carriers during the performance of an associative memory task may reveal the existence of additional activity in the cortico-subcortical network engaged during memory encoding in subjects carrying this genetic variant.},
affiliation = {Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia Cl{\'\i}nica, Fac. Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.},
note = {genim},
number = {11},
pages = {1644--53},
volume = {29},
year = {2008},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Apolipoprotein E3, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Mapping, Aged, Nerve Net, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Memory, Memory Disorders, Humans, Hippocampus, Male},
date-added = {2010-02-17 10:11:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:41:17 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.021},
pii = {S0197-4580(07)00192-3},
pmid = {17560689},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bartr%C3%A9s-Faz-2008-Neurobiol%20Aging_Functional%20connectiv.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5833},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Borsboom:2004,
author = {D Borsboom and G J Mellenbergh and J van Heerden},
journal = {Psychological Review},
title = {The concept of validity},
abstract = {This article advances a simple conception of test validity: A test is valid for measuring an attribute if (a) the attribute exists and (b) variations in the attribute causally produce variation in the measurement outcomes. This conception is shown to diverge from current validity theory in several respects. In particular, the emphasis in the proposed conception is on ontology, reference, and causality, whereas current validity theory focuses on epistemology, meaning, and correlation. It is argued that the proposed conception is not only simpler but also theoretically superior to the position taken in the existing literature. Further, it has clear theoretical and practical implications for validation research. Most important, validation research must not be directed at the relation between the measured attribute and other attributes but at the processes that convey the effect of the measured attribute on the test scores.},
number = {4},
pages = {1061--1071},
volume = {111},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:38:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:45:50 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1161},
read = {Yes},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Eberhart:2005p2807,
author = {Leopold H J Eberhart and Christian Arndt and Thomas Cierpka and Judith Schwanekamp and Hinnerk Wulf and Caroline Putzke},
journal = {Anesth Analg},
title = {The reliability and validity of the upper lip bite test compared with the Mallampati classification to predict difficult laryngoscopy: an external prospective evaluation},
abstract = {Recently, a new bedside screening test to predict the occurrence of a difficult laryngoscopy has been developed as a substitute for the Mallampati classification. The Upper-Lip-Bite test (ULBT) evaluated the patient's ability to reach or completely cover the upper lip with the lower incisors. It is often accepted that new predictive tools should undergo an external evaluation before the tool is used in clinical practice. Thus, we evaluated this test with respect to applicability, interobserver reliability, and discriminating power and compared it with the Mallampati-score (using Samsoon and Young's modification). The ULBT could not be applied in 12% of all patients (Mallampati score, <1%). However, the interobserver reliability was better for the ULBT (kappa = 0.79 versus kappa = 0.59). The discriminating power to predict a patient with difficult laryngoscopy was evaluated in 1425 consecutive patients. Both tests were assessed simultaneously in these patients by two specially trained independent observers. After the induction of anesthesia, the laryngoscopic view was assessed by the attending anesthesiologist using the classification of Cormack and Lehane. A grade I or II was called easy laryngoscopy and grade III and IV difficult laryngoscopy. The discriminating power for both tests was low (0.60 for the ULBT [95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.63] and 0.66 [0.63-0.69]) for the Mallampati score), indicating that both tests are poor predictors as single screening tests.},
affiliation = {Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany. eberhart@mailer.uni-marburg.de},
number = {1},
pages = {284--9, table of contents},
volume = {101},
year = {2005},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Laryngoscopy, Jaw Relation Record, Point-of-Care Systems, False Positive Reactions, Reproducibility of Results, Lip, Aged, Observer Variation, Intubation: Intratracheal, Predictive Value of Tests, Female, False Negative Reactions, ROC Curve, Male, Humans, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged},
date-added = {2010-01-13 14:52:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 14:52:30 +0100},
doi = {10.1213/01.ANE.0000154535.33429.36},
pii = {101/1/284},
pmid = {15976247},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Eberhart-2005-Anesth%20Analg_The%20reliability%20and.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2807},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Froelich:2008p2677,
author = {A G Froelich and B Habing},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {Conditional Covariance-Based Subtest Selection for DIMTEST},
abstract = {DIMTEST is a nonparametric hypothesis- testing procedure designed to test the assumptions of a unidimensional and locally independent item response theory model. Several previous Monte Carlo studies have found that using linear factor analysis to select the assessment subtest for DIMTEST results in
a moderate to severe loss of power when the exam lacks simple structure, the ability and difficulty parameter distributions differ greatly, or the underlying model is noncompensatory. A new method of selecting the assessment subtest for DIMTEST, based on the conditional covariance dimensionality programs DETECT and HCA/ CCPROX, is presented. Simulation studies show that using DIMTEST with this new selection method has either similar or significantly higher power to detect multidimensionality than using linear factor analysis for subtest selection, while maintaining Type I error rates around the nominal level.},
affiliation = {Iowa State University},
number = {2},
pages = {138--155},
volume = {32},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-13 09:37:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 09:39:18 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Froelich-2008-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_Conditional%20Covarian.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2677},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dekker:2003p9318,
author = {Marieke C J Dekker and Cornelia M van Duijn},
journal = {Eur J Epidemiol},
title = {Prospects of genetic epidemiology in the 21st century},
abstract = {Genetic epidemiology is a young but rapidly developing discipline. Although its early years were largely dedicated to family-based research in monogenic disorders, now genetic-epidemiologic research increasingly focuses on complex, multifactorial disorders. Along with the development of the human-genome map and advances in molecular technology grows the importance of genetic-epidemiologic applications. Large-scale population-based studies, requiring close integration of genetic and epidemiologic research, determine future research in the field. In this paper, we review the basic principles underlying genetic-epidemiologic research, such as molecular genetics and familial aggregation of disease, as well as the typical study approaches of genome screening and candidate-gene studies.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.},
number = {7},
pages = {607--16},
volume = {18},
year = {2003},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Chromosome Mapping, Pedigree, Genetics: Population, Forecasting, Epidemiologic Studies, Molecular Biology, Molecular Epidemiology, Genetic Testing, Public Health, Bias (Epidemiology), Mutation, Risk Assessment, Genetic Diseases: Inborn, Epidemiologic Research Design, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:43:33 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:26:22 +0200},
pmid = {12952133},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dekker-2003-Eur%20J%20Epidemiol_Prospects%20of%20genetic.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9318},
rating = {0}
}

@article{London:2010p13259,
author = {Jillian London and Sara E Evans-Lacko},
journal = {Eur J Public Health},
title = {Challenging mental health-related stigma through social contact},
affiliation = {Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK. Jillian.London@iop.kcl.ac.uk},
number = {2},
pages = {130--1},
volume = {20},
year = {2010},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-07-01 18:19:46 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 18:19:46 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckq014},
pii = {ckq014},
pmid = {20172946},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/London-2010-Eur%20J%20Public%20Health_Challenging%20mental%20h.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13259},
rating = {0}
}

@article{RabeHesketh:2001p6749,
author = {S Rabe-Hesketh and A Skrondal},
journal = {Biometrics},
title = {Parameterization of multivariate random effects models for categorical data},
abstract = {Alternative parameterizations and problems of identification and estimation of multivariate random effects models for categorical responses are investigated. The issues are illustrated in the context of the multivariate binomial logit-normal (BLN) model introduced by Coull and Agresti (2000, Biometrics 56, 73-80). We demonstrate that the BLN model is poorly identified unless proper restrictions are imposed on the parameters. Moreover, estimation of BLN models is unduly computationally complex. In the first application considered by Coull and Agresti, an identification problem results in highly unstable, highly correlated parameter estimates and large standard errors. A probit-normal version of the specified BLN model is demonstrated to be underidentified, whereas the BLN model is empirically underidentified. Identification can be achieved by constraining one of the parameters. We show that a one-factor probit model is equivalent to the probit version of the specified BLN model and that a one-factor logit model is empirically equivalent to the BLN model. Estimation is greatly simplified by using a factor model.},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics and Computing, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. spaksrh@iop.kcl.ac.uk},
number = {4},
pages = {1256--64},
volume = {57},
year = {2001},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Models: Statistical, Multivariate Analysis, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Influenza: Human, Biometry},
date-added = {2010-03-05 22:14:52 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-05 22:14:52 +0100},
pmid = {11764269},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rabe-Hesketh-2001-Biometrics_Parameterization%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6749},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fay:2009p6610,
author = {Michael P Fay},
journal = {Biostatistics},
title = {Confidence intervals that match Fisher's exact or Blaker's exact tests},
abstract = {When analyzing a 2 x 2 table, the two-sided Fisher's exact test and the usual exact confidence interval (CI) for the odds ratio may give conflicting inferences; for example, the test rejects but the associated CI contains an odds ratio of 1. The problem is that the usual exact CI is the inversion of the test that rejects if either of the one-sided Fisher's exact tests rejects at half the nominal significance level. Further, the confidence set that is the inversion of the usual two-sided Fisher's exact test may not be an interval, so following Blaker (2000, Confidence curves and improved exact confidence intervals for discrete distributions. Canadian Journal of Statistics 28, 783-798), we define the "matching" interval as the smallest interval that contains the confidence set. We explore these 2 versions of Fisher's exact test as well as an exact test suggested by Blaker (2000) and provide the R package exact2x2 which automatically assigns the appropriate matching interval to each of the 3 exact tests.},
affiliation = {Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-7609, USA. mfay@niaid.nih.gov.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-03 20:22:38 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-03 20:22:38 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/biostatistics/kxp050},
pii = {kxp050},
pmid = {19948745},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fay-2009-Biostatistics_Confidence%20intervals.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6610},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Konig:2010p11573,
author = {Hans-Helmut Konig and Anja Born and Oliver Gunther and Herbert Matschinger and Sven Heinrich and Steffi G Reidel-Heller and Matthias C Angermeyer and Christiane Roick},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {Validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D in assessing and valuing health status in patients with anxiety disorders},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The EQ-5D is a generic questionnaire which generates a health profile as well as index scores for health-related quality of life that may be used in cost-utility analysis. Aims of the study: To examine validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D in patients with anxiety disorders. METHODS: 389 patients with anxiety disorders completed the EQ-5D at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Subjective measures of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and psychopathology (BAI, BDI-II, BSQ, ACQ, MI) were used for comparison. Validity was analyzed by assessing associations between EQ-5D scores and related other scores. Responsiveness was analyzed by calculating effect sizes of differences in scores between baseline and follow-up for 3 groups indicating more, constant or less anxiety. Meaningful difference scores for shifting to less or more anxiety were derived by means of regression analysis. RESULTS: 88.4% of respondents reported problems in at least one of the EQ-5D dimension at baseline; the mean EQ VAS score was 63.8. The EQ-5D dimension most consistently associated with the measures used for comparison was 'anxiety/depression'. EQ VAS and EQ-5D index scores were highly correlated (|r|>0.5) with scores of the WHOQOL-BREF dimensions 'physical', 'mental' and 'overall' as well as BAI and BDI-II. The EQ-5D index tended to be the most responsive score. Standardized meaningful difference scores were not significantly different between EQ VAS, EQ-5D index and measures used for comparison. CONCLUSIONS: The EQ-5D seems to be reasonably valid and moderately responsive in patients with anxiety disorders. The EQ-5D index may be suitable for calculating QALYs in economic evaluation of health care interventions for patients with anxiety disorders. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15716049.},
number = {1},
pages = {47},
volume = {8},
year = {2010},
month = {May},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-05-09 18:16:58 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:35:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-8-47},
pii = {1477-7525-8-47},
pmid = {20444251},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Konig-2010-Health%20Qual%20Life%20Outcomes_Validity%20and%20respons.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11573},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gonzalez:2006p1534,
author = {J Gonzalez and F Tuerlinckx and Paul De Boeck and R Cools},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {Numerical integration in logistic-normal models},
abstract = {Marginal maximum likelihood estimation is commonly used to estimate logistic-normal models. In this approach, the contribution of random effects to the likelihood is represented as an intractable integral over their distribution. Thus, numerical methods such as Gauss--Hermite quadrature (GH) are needed. However, as the dimensionality increases, the number of quadrature points becomes rapidly too high. A possible solution can be found among the Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods, because these techniques yield quite good approximations for high-dimensional integrals with a much lower number of points, chosen for their optimal location. A comparison between three integration methods for logistic-normal models: GH, QMC, and full Monte Carlo integration (MC) is presented. It turns out that, under certain conditions, the QMC and MC method perform better than the GH in terms of accuracy and computing time.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, K.U. Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium},
pages = {1535--1548},
volume = {51},
year = {2006},
keywords = {Gaussian quadrature, Low discrepancy sequences, (Quasi-)Monte Carlo, Multidimensional integrals},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:12:36 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:12 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.csda.2006.05.003},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gonzalez-2006-Computational%20Statistics_Numerical%20integratio.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1534},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gabler:2009p3994,
author = {Nicole B Gabler and Naihua Duan and Diana Liao and Joann G Elmore and Theodore G Ganiats and Richard L Kravitz},
journal = {Trials},
title = {Dealing with heterogeneity of treatment effects: is the literature up to the challenge?},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Some patients will experience more or less benefit from treatment than the averages reported from clinical trials; such variation in therapeutic outcome is termed heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE). Identifying HTE is necessary to individualize treatment. The degree to which heterogeneity is sought and analyzed correctly in the general medical literature is unknown. We undertook this literature sample to track the use of HTE analyses over time, examine the appropriateness of the statistical methods used, and explore the predictors of such analyses. METHODS: Articles were selected through a probability sample of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, The Lancet, and NEJM during odd numbered months of 1994, 1999, and 2004. RCTs were independently reviewed and coded by two abstractors, with adjudication by a third. Studies were classified as reporting: (1) HTE analysis, utilizing a formal test for heterogeneity or treatment-by-covariate interaction, (2) subgroup analysis only, involving no formal test for heterogeneity or interaction; or (3) neither. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression were used to identify variables associated with HTE reporting. RESULTS: 319 studies were included. Ninety-two (29%) reported HTE analysis; another 88 (28%) reported subgroup analysis only, without examining HTE formally. Major covariates examined included individual risk factors associated with prognosis, responsiveness to treatment, or vulnerability to adverse effects of treatment (56%); gender (30%); age (29%); study site or center (29%); and race/ethnicity (7%). Journal of publication and sample size were significant independent predictors of HTE analysis (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: HTE is frequently ignored or incorrectly analyzed. An iterative process of exploratory analysis followed by confirmatory HTE analysis will generate the data needed to facilitate an individualized approach to evidence-based medicine.},
affiliation = {Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, California, USA. nrbloser@ucdavis.edu},
pages = {43},
volume = {10},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Logistic Models, Risk Factors, Humans, Evidence-Based Medicine, Chi-Square Distribution, Treatment Outcome, Therapeutics, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic},
date-added = {2010-01-17 23:24:47 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-17 23:24:47 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1745-6215-10-43},
pii = {1745-6215-10-43},
pmid = {19545379},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3994},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bramley:2005p2594,
author = {T Bramley},
journal = {Journal of Applied Measurement},
title = {A Rank-Ordering Method for Equating Tests by Expert Judgment},
abstract = {This paper describes a new method of comparing the raw mark scales on two tests using expert judgment. The two tests do not need to have any common items, nor to be taken by common groups of candidates. This study used scripts (i.e. the complete work of a candidate on the test) from England's National Curriculum Test for Reading at Key Stage 3 (14-year olds) in 2003 and 2004. Each member of a panel of 12 experts was given four packs each containing ten scripts---five scripts from each year's test. Marks and annotations from these scripts had been removed. Their task was to put the ten scripts into a single rank order, based on a holistic judgment of the level of performance exhibited in each. Because the design of the study linked scripts across judges and packs it was possible to construct a single latent trait of judged quality of performance. This was done using two different analytical methods: the Rasch formulation of Thurstone paired comparisons, and the Rasch Partial Credit model. Relating the two raw mark scales to the single latent scale allowed the two years' tests to be equated. The merits of using this standard-maintaining method as opposed to a standard-setting method in this particular context are discussed.},
affiliation = {University of Cambridge},
number = {2},
pages = {202--223},
volume = {6},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:39:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 22:40:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bramley-2005-Journal%20of%20Applied%20Measurement_A%20Rank-Ordering%20Meth.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2594},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Harris:2010p4184,
author = {L R Harris and G T L Brown},
journal = {Practical Assessment Research {\&} Evaluation},
title = {Mixing interview and questionnaire methods: Practical problems in aligning data},
abstract = {Structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews are often used in mixed method studies to generate confirmatory results despite differences in methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. A review of 19 questionnaire-interview comparison studies found that consensus and consistency statistics were generally weak between methods. Problems in aligning data from the two different methods are illustrated in a questionnaire-interview study of teacher conceptions of assessment. Poor alignment appeared attributable to: differences in data collection procedures, the complexity and instability of the construct being investigated, difficulties in making data comparable, lack of variability in participant responses, greater sensitivity to context and seemingly emotive responses within the interview, possible misinterpretation of some questionnaire prompts, and greater control of content exposure in the questionnaire. Results indicated that if `confirmatory' results are being sought, researchers must create tightly aligned and structured instruments; present the construct in a simple, concrete, and highly contextualised manner; collect the two types of data with a minimal time gap; and estimate agreement between methods using consistency statistics. However, the cost of confirmation through strong alignment may lead to the loss of rich complementary data obtained
through allowing each method to be analysed in its own right.},
number = {1},
volume = {15},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-01-21 07:53:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:44:42 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Harris-2010-Practical%20Assessment%20Research%20%20&%20Evaluation_Mixing%20interview%20and.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4184},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Talmud:2010p3960,
author = {Philippa J Talmud and Aroon D Hingorani and Jackie A Cooper and Michael G Marmot and Eric J Brunner and Meena Kumari and Mika Kivim{\"a}ki and Steve E Humphries},
journal = {BMJ},
title = {Utility of genetic and non-genetic risk factors in prediction of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the performance of a panel of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (genotypes) associated with type 2 diabetes in distinguishing incident cases of future type 2 diabetes (discrimination), and to examine the effect of adding genetic information to previously validated non-genetic (phenotype based) models developed to estimate the absolute risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Workplace based prospective cohort study with three 5 yearly medical screenings. PARTICIPANTS: 5535 initially healthy people (mean age 49 years; 33% women), of whom 302 developed new onset type 2 diabetes over 10 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: Non-genetic variables included in two established risk models-the Cambridge type 2 diabetes risk score (age, sex, drug treatment, family history of type 2 diabetes, body mass index, smoking status) and the Framingham offspring study type 2 diabetes risk score (age, sex, parental history of type 2 diabetes, body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose)-and 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Cases of incident type 2 diabetes were defined on the basis of a standard oral glucose tolerance test, self report of a doctor's diagnosis, or the use of anti-diabetic drugs. RESULTS: A genetic score based on the number of risk alleles carried (range 0-40; area under receiver operating characteristics curve 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.58) and a genetic risk function in which carriage of risk alleles was weighted according to the summary odds ratios of their effect from meta-analyses of genetic studies (area under receiver operating characteristics curve 0.55, 0.51 to 0.59) did not effectively discriminate cases of diabetes. The Cambridge risk score (area under curve 0.72, 0.69 to 0.76) and the Framingham offspring risk score (area under curve 0.78, 0.75 to 0.82) led to better discrimination of cases than did genotype based tests. Adding genetic information to phenotype based risk models did not improve discrimination and provided only a small improvement in model calibration and a modest net reclassification improvement of about 5% when added to the Cambridge risk score but not when added to the Framingham offspring risk score. CONCLUSION: The phenotype based risk models provided greater discrimination for type 2 diabetes than did models based on 20 common independently inherited diabetes risk alleles. The addition of genotypes to phenotype based risk models produced only minimal improvement in accuracy of risk estimation assessed by recalibration and, at best, a minor net reclassification improvement. The major translational application of the currently known common, small effect genetic variants influencing susceptibility to type 2 diabetes is likely to come from the insight they provide on causes of disease and potential therapeutic targets.},
affiliation = {Centre of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF. p.talmud@ucl.ac.uk},
pages = {b4838},
volume = {340},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-17 16:53:42 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-17 16:53:42 +0100},
pmid = {20075150},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Talmud-2010-BMJ_Utility%20of%20genetic%20a.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3960},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hindorff:2009p2305,
author = {Lucia A Hindorff and Praveen Sethupathy and Heather A Junkins and Erin M Ramos and Jayashri P Mehta and Francis S Collins and Teri A Manolio},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
title = {Potential etiologic and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits},
abstract = {We have developed an online catalog of SNP-trait associations from published genome-wide association studies for use in investigating genomic characteristics of trait/disease-associated SNPs (TASs). Reported TASs were common [median risk allele frequency 36%, interquartile range (IQR) 21%-53%] and were associated with modest effect sizes [median odds ratio (OR) 1.33, IQR 1.20-1.61]. Among 20 genomic annotation sets, reported TASs were significantly overrepresented only in nonsynonymous sites [OR = 3.9 (2.2-7.0), p = 3.5 x 10(-7)] and 5kb-promoter regions [OR = 2.3 (1.5-3.6), p = 3 x 10(-4)] compared to SNPs randomly selected from genotyping arrays. Although 88% of TASs were intronic (45%) or intergenic (43%), TASs were not overrepresented in introns and were significantly depleted in intergenic regions [OR = 0.44 (0.34-0.58), p = 2.0 x 10(-9)]. Only slightly more TASs than expected by chance were predicted to be in regions under positive selection [OR = 1.3 (0.8-2.1), p = 0.2]. This new online resource, together with bioinformatic predictions of the underlying functionality at trait/disease-associated loci, is well-suited to guide future investigations of the role of common variants in complex disease etiology.},
affiliation = {Office of Population Genomics, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.},
number = {23},
pages = {9362--7},
volume = {106},
year = {2009},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Disease, Polymorphism: Genetic, Humans, Genome-Wide Association Study},
date-added = {2010-01-10 12:19:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 12:19:10 +0100},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0903103106},
pii = {0903103106},
pmid = {19474294},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hindorff-2009-Proc%20Natl%20Acad%20Sci%20USA_Potential%20etiologic.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2305},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wegelin:2000p2579,
author = {J A Wegelin},
title = {A survey of Partial Least Squares (PLS) methods, with emphaiss on the two-block case},
year = {2000},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:25:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 22:26:42 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wegelin-2000-_A%20survey%20of%20Partial.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2579},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Blasi:2006p3497,
author = {Giuseppe Blasi and Alessandro Bertolino},
journal = {NeuroRx},
title = {Imaging genomics and response to treatment with antipsychotics in schizophrenia},
abstract = {Recent important advancements in genomic research have opened the way to new strategies for public health management. One of these questions pertains to how individual genetic variation may be associated with individual variability in response to drug treatment. The field of pharmacogenetics may have a profound impact on treatment of complex psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. However, pharmacogenetic studies in schizophrenia have produced conflicting results. The first studies examined potential associations between clinical response and drug receptor genes. Subsequent studies have tried to use more objective phenotypes still in association with drug receptor genes. More recently, other studies have sought the association between putative causative or modifier genes and intermediate phenotypes. Thus, conflicting results may be at least in part explained by variability and choice of the phenotype, by choice of candidate genes, or by the relatively little knowledge about the neurobiology of this disorder. We propose that choosing intermediate phenotypes that allow in vivo measurement of specific neuronal functions may be of great help in reducing several of the potential confounds intrinsic to clinical measurements. Functional neuroimaging is ideally suited to address several of these potential confounds, and it may represent a powerful strategy to investigate the relationship between behavior, brain function, genes, and individual variability in the response to treatment with antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Preliminary evidence with potential susceptilibity genes such as COMT, DISC1, and GRM3 support these assumptions.},
affiliation = {Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy 70125.},
number = {1},
pages = {117--30},
volume = {3},
year = {2006},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Schizophrenia, Chromosome Mapping, Brain, Schizophrenic Psychology, Genome: Human, Genomics, Behavior, Antipsychotic Agents, Humans},
date-added = {2010-01-15 15:29:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 15:29:15 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.nurx.2005.12.001},
pii = {S1545-5343(05)00002-7},
pmid = {16490418},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3497},
rating = {0}
}

@webpage{Thompson:1999,
author = {B Thompson},
title = {Common methodology mistakes in educational research, revisited, along with a primer on both effect sizes and the bootstrap},
year = {1999},
month = {Apr},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
URL = {http://www.coe.tamu.edu/~bthompson/aeraad99.htm},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1859},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dagnelie:1996p3551,
author = {P Dagnelie},
journal = {Revue de Statistique Appliqu{\'e}e},
title = {A propos des diff{\'e}rentes m{\'e}thodes de classification},
number = {3},
pages = {55--75},
volume = {14},
year = {1996},
date-added = {2010-01-15 21:04:16 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 21:04:56 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dagnelie-1996-Revue%20de%20Statistique%20Appliqu%C3%A9e_A%20propos%20des%20diff%C3%A9re.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3551},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fienberg:1995p6312,
author = {S E Fienberg and J M Tanur},
journal = {Probability and Mathematical Statistics},
title = {Reconsidering Neyman on experimentation and sampling: Controversies and fundamental contributions},
pages = {47--60},
volume = {15},
year = {1995},
date-added = {2010-02-20 21:06:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-20 21:08:13 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fienberg-1995-Probability%20and%20Mathematical%20Statistics_Reconsidering%20Neyman.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6312},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Andruff:2009p919,
author = {Heather Andruff and Natasha Carraro and Amanda Thompson and Patrick Gaudreau and Benoit Louvet},
journal = {Tutorial in Quantitative Methods for Psychology},
title = {Latent Class Growth Modelling: A Tutorial},
abstract = {The present work is an introduction to Latent Class Growth Modelling (LCGM). LCGM is a semi‐parametric statistical technique used to analyze longitudinal data. It is used when the data follows a pattern of change in which both the strength and the direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables differ across cases. The analysis identifies distinct subgroups of individuals following a distinct pattern of change over age or time on a variable of interest. The aim of the present tutorial is to introduce readers to LCGM and provide a concrete example of how the analysis can be performed using a real‐world data set and the SAS software package with accompanying PROC TRAJ application. The advantages and limitations of this technique are also discussed.},
affiliation = {University of Ottawa},
number = {1},
pages = {11--24},
volume = {5},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:06:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:54:44 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Andruff-2009-Tutorial%20in%20Quantitative%20Methods%20for%20Psychology_Latent%20Class%20Growth.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p919},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brun:2008p7517,
author = {Caroline Brun and Natasha Lepor{\'e} and Xavier Pennec and Yi-Yu Chou and Agatha D Lee and Marina Barysheva and Grieg de Zubicaray and Matthew Meredith and Katie McMahon and Margaret J Wright and Arthur W Toga and Paul M Thompson},
journal = {Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv},
title = {A tensor-based morphometry study of genetic influences on brain structure using a new fluid registration method},
abstract = {We incorporated a new Riemannian fluid registration algorithm into a general MRI analysis method called tensor-based morphometry to map the heritability of brain morphology in MR images from 23 monozygotic and 23 dizygotic twin pairs. All 92 3D scans were fluidly registered to a common template. Voxelwise Jacobian determinants were computed from the deformation fields to assess local volumetric differences across subjects. Heritability maps were computed from the intraclass correlations and their significance was assessed using voxelwise permutation tests. Lobar volume heritability was also studied using the ACE genetic model. The performance of this Riemannian algorithm was compared to a more standard fluid registration algorithm: 3D maps from both registration techniques displayed similar heritability patterns throughout the brain. Power improvements were quantified by comparing the cumulative distribution functions of the p-values generated from both competing methods. The Riemannian algorithm outperformed the standard fluid registration.},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {914--21},
volume = {11},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Brain, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Pattern Recognition: Automated, Humans, Imaging: Three-Dimensional, Image Enhancement, Male, Subtraction Technique, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Twins: Monozygotic, Algorithms, Sensitivity and Specificity, Image Interpretation: Computer-Assisted, Twins: Dizygotic, Young Adult},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:54:52 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:54:53 +0100},
pmid = {18982692},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Brun-2008-Med%20Image%20Comput%20Comput%20Assist%20Interv_A%20tensor-based%20morph.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7517},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wallace:2010p5720,
author = {Gregory L Wallace and Nancy Raitano Lee and Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley and Sarah E Medland and Rhoshel K Lenroot and Liv S Clasen and James E Schmitt and Michael C Neale and Jay N Giedd},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {A Bivariate Twin Study of Regional Brain Volumes and Verbal and Nonverbal Intellectual Skills During Childhood and Adolescence},
abstract = {Twin studies indicate that both intelligence and brain structure are moderately to highly heritable. Recent bivariate studies of adult twins also suggest that intelligence and brain morphometry are influenced by shared genetic factors. The current study examines shared genetic and environmental factors between brain morphometry and intelligence in a sample of children and adolescents (twins, twin siblings, and singletons; n = 649, ages 4-19). To extend previous studies, brain morphometric data were parsed into subregions (lobar gray/white matter volumes, caudate nucleus, lateral ventricles) and intelligence into verbal and nonverbal skills (Wechsler Vocabulary and Block Design subtests). Phenotypic relationships between brain volumes and intelligence were small. Verbal skills shared unique environmental effects with gray matter volumes while nonverbal skills shared genetic effects with both global and regional gray and white matter. These results suggest that distinct mechanisms contribute to the small phenotypic relationships between brain volumes and verbal versus nonverbal intelligence.},
affiliation = {Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, 4C110, MSC-1367; 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1600, USA, gregwallace@mail.nih.gov.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-02-15 20:26:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-009-9329-1},
pmid = {20112131},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wallace-2010-Behav%20Genet_A%20Bivariate%20Twin%20Stu.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5720},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vandenBerg:2006p2318,
author = {St{\'e}phanie M van den Berg and Leo Beem and Dorret I Boomsma},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
title = {Fitting genetic models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms with BUGS},
abstract = {Maximum likelihood estimation techniques are widely used in twin and family studies, but soon reach computational boundaries when applied to highly complex models (e.g., models including gene-by-environment interaction and gene-environment correlation, item response theory measurement models, repeated measures, longitudinal structures, extended pedigrees). Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are very well suited to fit complex models with hierarchically structured data. This article introduces the key concepts of Bayesian inference and MCMC parameter estimation and provides a number of scripts describing relatively simple models to be estimated by the freely obtainable BUGS software. In addition, inference using BUGS is illustrated using a data set on follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels with repeated measures. The examples provided can serve as stepping stones for more complicated models, tailored to the specific needs of the individual researcher.},
affiliation = {Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, SM.van.den.Berg@psy.vu.nl.},
number = {3},
pages = {334--42},
volume = {9},
year = {2006},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Twin Studies as Topic, Bayes Theorem, Humans, Twins: Monozygotic, Monte Carlo Method, Models: Genetic, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Software, Twins: Dizygotic, Algorithms, Luteinizing Hormone, Markov Chains, Models: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-01-10 12:35:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 12:35:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1375/183242706777591399},
pmid = {16790144},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20den%20Berg-2006-Twin%20research%20and%20human%20genetics%20the%20official%20journal%20of%20the%20International%20Society%20for%20Twin%20Studies_Fitting%20genetic%20mode.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2318},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rogers:2004p9654,
author = {Geraldine Rogers and Peter Joyce and Roger Mulder and Douglas Sellman and Allison Miller and Melanie Allington and Robin Olds and Elisabeth Wells and Martin Kennedy},
journal = {Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet},
title = {Association of a duplicated repeat polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region of the DRD4 gene with novelty seeking},
abstract = {Novelty Seeking (NS) is a human personality trait in which impulsive, exploratory, and thrill-seeking behaviors are displayed. Dopaminergic genes have been prime candidates in the search for the genetic factors underlying NS because of the central role that dopamine plays in the brain's reward system. We have investigated whether there is an association between a polymorphic 120 base pairs (bp) repeat that is located in the 5'-untranslated region of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and NS. We genotyped four separate groups from psychiatric clinical studies for the repeat polymorphism. There were significant associations with NS in the groups of bipolar (P = 0.01) and alcoholic (P = 0.006) families containing 267 and 172 subjects, respectively. Subjects who were homozygous for the single-copy allele (SS genotype) had higher mean NS scores. This trend was also observed in the two other studies that contained unrelated subjects diagnosed with depression (N = 143 and N = 148) but the associations between DRD4 duplication genotype and NS were not significant in these groups. In the data combined from all four clinical groups those genotyped as SS had higher mean scores for all four NS subscales with significant associations for impulsivity (P = 0.0006), extravagance (P = 0.04), disorderliness (P = 0.02), and total NS (P = 0.0003). However, given the low frequency of the single-copy allele, this polymorphism would account for only a small proportion of the variance of NS in the population.},
affiliation = {Department of Pathology, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand. geraldine.rogers@chmeds.ac.nz},
number = {1},
pages = {95--8},
volume = {126B},
year = {2004},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Alleles, Adult, Genotype, Alcohol Drinking, Male, Promoter Regions: Genetic, Repetitive Sequences: Nucleic Acid, Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Receptors: Dopamine D4, Polymorphism: Genetic, 5' Untranslated Regions, Humans, Gene Duplication, Exploratory Behavior, Pedigree, Receptors: Dopamine D2},
date-added = {2010-03-25 14:59:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-25 14:59:21 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/ajmg.b.20133},
pmid = {15048656},
URL = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/105560646/abstract},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9654},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zwick:1997p4610,
author = {Rebecca Zwick and D T Hayer and J Mazzeo},
title = {Describing and Categorizing DIF in Polytomous Items},
abstract = {The purposeof this project was to evaluate statisticalproceduresfor assessingdifferential item functioning(DIF) in polytomousitems (items with more than two scorecategories). Three descriptivestatistics--theStandardized Mean Difference, or SMD (Dorans {\&} Schmitt, 1991), and two proceduresbased on SIBTEST (Shealy {\&} Stout, 1993) were considered,along with five inferential procedures--twobasedon SMD, two basedon SIBTEST, and the Mantel (1963) method. The DIF procedureswere evaluatedthroughapplicationsto simulated data, as well as data from ETS tests.
The simulation includedconditionsin which the two groupsof examinees had the same ability distribution and conditionsin which the group means differed by one standarddeviation. When the two groupshad the same distribution, the descriptive index that performed best was the SMD.	When the two groupshad different distributions,a modified form of the SIBTEST DIF effect size measuretended to perform best. The five inferential procedures performed almost indistinguishablywhen the two groupshad identical distributions. When the two groupshad different distributionsand the studied item washighly discriminating,theSIBTEST proceduresshowedmuchbetter Type I error control than did the SMD and Mantel methods,particularly in short tests. The power ranking of the five procedureswas inconsistent;it dependedon thedirectionofDIF andotherfactors.
Routine applicationof thesepolytomousDIF methodsat ETS seems feasible in caseswhere a reliable test is available for matching examinees. For the Mantel and SMD methods,Type I error control may be a concernunder certainconditions. In thecaseof SIBTEST, thecurrentversioncannoteasily accommodatematchingteststhatdonotusenumber-rightscoring. Additional researchin theseareasis likely to be useful.},
affiliation = {ETS},
year = {1997},
date-added = {2010-01-30 15:09:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:26 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zwick-1997-_Describing%20and%20Categ.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4610},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brugha:1999,
author = {TS Brugha and PE Bebbington and R Jenkins},
journal = {Psychol Med},
title = {A difference that matters: comparisons of structured and semi-structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews in the general population},
abstract = {Psychiatric case-identification in general populations allows us to study both individuals with functional psychiatric disorders and the populations from which they come. The individual level of analysis permits disorders to be related to factors of potential aetiological significance and the study of attributes of the disorders that need to be assessed in non-referred populations (an initially scientific endeavour). At the population level valid case identification can be used to evaluate needs for treatment and the utilization of service resources (a public health project). Thus, prevalence is of interest both to scientists and to those responsible for commissioning and planning services (Brugha et al. 1997; Regier et al. 1998). The quality of case identification techniques and of estimates of prevalence is thus of general concern (Bartlett {\&} Coles, 1998). Structured diagnostic interviews were introduced into general population surveys in the 1970s as a method `to enable interviewers to obtain psychiatric diagnoses comparable to those a psychiatrist would obtain' (Robins et al. 1981). The need to develop reliable standardized measures was partly driven by an earlier generation of prevalence surveys showing rates ranging widely from 10·9% (Pasamanick et al. 1956) to 55% (Leighton et al. 1963) in urban and rural North American communities respectively. If the success of large scale psychiatric epidemiological enquiries using structured diagnostic interviews and standardized classifications is measured in terms of citation rates it would seem difficult to question. But the development of standardized interviews of functional psychiatric disorders has not solved this problem of variability: the current generation of large scale surveys, using structured diagnostic interviews and serving strictly defined classification rules, have generated, for example, 12-month prevalence rates of major depression in the US of 4·2% (Robins {\&} Regier, 1991) and 10·1% (Kessler et al. 1994). This calls into question the validity of the assessments, such that we must reopen the question of what they should be measuring and how they should do it.},
number = {5},
pages = {1013--1020},
volume = {29},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:43:20 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1072},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bechger:2003ab,
author = {Timo M Bechger and Gunter Maris and Anton B{\'e}guin and Huub Verstralen},
title = {Combining classical test theory and item response theory},
year = {2003},
month = {Mar},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:39:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:43:29 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bechger-2003-_Combining%20classical.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1220},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Shang:2007p7016,
author = {Q Shang and L Lee},
title = {Two-Step Estimation of Endogenous and Exogenous Group Effects},
abstract = {In this paper, we propose a two-step method to identify and estimate endogenous and exogenous social interactions in Manski (1993) and Brock and Durlauf's (2001a,b) discrete choice model with unobserved group variables. Taking advantage of social groups with large group sizes, we first estimate a probit model with group fixed-effects, and then use the instrumental variables method to estimate endogenous and exogenous group effects via the group fixed-effect estimates. Our method does not depend on distributional assumptions on unobserved group variables, and are computationally simple. When there are multiple equilibria, we take advantage of large group sizes to estimate endogenous and exogenous group effects without the need to specify an (arbitrary) equilibrium selection mechanism. The paper provides an extensive Monte Carlo study on the finite sample performance of such estimators.},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-03-06 19:54:16 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 19:54:55 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Shang-2007-_Two-Step%20Estimation.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7016},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Haughton:2009p13234,
author = {D Haughton and P Legrand and S Woolford},
journal = {The American Statistician},
title = {Review of Three Latent Class Cluster Analysis Packages: Latent GOLD, poLCA, and MCLUST},
number = {1},
pages = {81--91},
volume = {63},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-07-01 17:39:27 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:51:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Haughton-2009-The%20American%20Statistician_Review%20of%20Three%20Late.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13234},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bond:2003b,
author = {T G Bond and J A King},
journal = {Journal of Applied Measurement},
title = {Measuring Client Satisfaction with Public Education III: Group Effects in Client Satisfaction},
number = {4},
pages = {326--334},
volume = {4},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bond-2003-Journal%20of%20Applied%20Measurement_Measuring%20Client%20Sat-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2165},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Killeen:2005p7108,
author = {Peter R Killeen},
journal = {Psychol Sci},
title = {Replicability, confidence, and priors},
affiliation = {Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA. killeen@asu.edu},
number = {12},
pages = {1009--12},
volume = {16},
year = {2005},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Confidence Intervals, Reproducibility of Results, Humans, Psychology},
date-added = {2010-03-06 20:30:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:46:15 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01653.x},
pii = {PSCI1653},
pmid = {16313669},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Killeen-2005-Psychol%20Sci_Replicability%20confi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7108},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Grady:2010p1660,
author = {B J Grady and E Torstenson and S M Dudek and J Giles and D Sexton and M D Ritchie},
journal = {Pac Symp Biocomput},
title = {Finding unique filter sets in PLATO: A precursor to efficient interaction analysis in GWAS data},
abstract = {The methods to detect gene-gene interactions between variants in genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets have not been well developed thus far. PLATO, the Platform for the Analysis, Translation and Organization of large-scale data, is a filter-based method bringing together many analytical methods simultaneously in an effort to solve this problem. PLATO filters a large, genomic dataset down to a subset of genetic variants, which may be useful for interaction analysis. As a precursor to the use of PLATO for the detection of gene-gene interactions, the implementation of a variety of single locus filters was completed and evaluated as a proof of concept. To streamline PLATO for efficient epistasis analysis, we determined which of 24 analytical filters produced redundant results. Using a kappa score to identify agreement between filters, we grouped the analytical filters into 4 filter classes; thus all further analyses employed four filters. We then tested the MAX statistic put forth by Sladek et al. 1 in simulated data exploring a number of genetic models of modest effect size. To find the MAX statistic, the four filters were run on each SNP in each dataset and the smallest p-value among the four results was taken as the final result. Permutation testing was performed to empirically determine the p-value. The power of the MAX statistic to detect each of the simulated effects was determined in addition to the Type 1 error and false positive rates. The results of this simulation study demonstrates that PLATO using the four filters incorporating the MAX statistic has higher power on average to find multiple types of effects and a lower false positive rate than any of the individual filters alone. In the future we will extend PLATO with the MAX statistic to interaction analyses for large-scale genomic datasets.},
affiliation = {Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology {\&} Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232, United States},
pages = {315--326},
volume = {15},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-01-08 21:52:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:42:21 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Grady-2010-Pac%20Symp%20Biocomput_Finding%20unique%20filte.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1660},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Stocking:1993,
author = {M L Stocking and L Swanson},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {A Method for Severely Constrained Item Selection in Adaptive Testing},
abstract = {Previous attempts at incorporating expert test construction practices into computerized adaptive testing paradigms are described. A new method is presented for incorporating a large number of con straints on adaptive item selection. The meth odology emulates the test construction practices of expert test specialists, which is a necessity if com puterized adaptive testing is to compete with con ventional tests. Two examples---one for a verbal measure and the other for a quantitative measure--- are provided of the successful use of the proposed method in designing adaptive tests.},
number = {3},
pages = {277--292},
volume = {17},
year = {1993},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Stocking-1993-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_A%20Method%20for%20Severel.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2217},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Buckby:2007p4839,
author = {Joe A Buckby and Alison R Yung and Elizabeth M Cosgrave and Eoin J Killackey},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
title = {Clinical utility of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ) in a sample of young help-seekers},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The overlap between Depression and Anxiety has led some researchers to conclude that they are manifestations of a broad, non-specific neurotic disorder. However, others believe that they can be distinguished despite sharing symptoms of general distress. The Tripartite Model of Affect proposes an anxiety-specific, a depression-specific and a shared symptoms factor. Watson and Clark developed the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ) to specifically measure these Tripartite constructs. Early research showed that the MASQ distinguished between dimensions of Depression and Anxiety in non-clinical samples. However, two recent studies have cautioned that the MASQ may show limited validity in clinical populations. The present study investigated the clinical utility of the MASQ in a clinical sample of adolescents and young adults. METHODS: A total of 204 Young people consecutively referred to a specialist public mental health service in Melbourne, Australia were approached and 150 consented to participate. From this, 136 participants completed both a diagnostic interview and the MASQ. RESULTS: The majority of the sample rated for an Axis-I disorder, with Mood and Anxiety disorders most prevalent. The disorder-specific scales of the MASQ significantly discriminated Anxiety (61.0%) and Mood Disorders (72.8%), however, the predictive accuracy for presence of Anxiety Disorders was very low (29.8%). From ROC analyses, a proposed cut-off of 76 was proposed for the depression scale to indicate 'caseness' for Mood Disorders. The resulting sensitivity/specificity was superior to that of the CES-D. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the depression-specific scale of the MASQ showed good clinical utility, but that the anxiety-specific scale showed poor discriminant validity.},
affiliation = {ORYGEN Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia. joe.buckby@mh.org.au},
pages = {50},
volume = {7},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Comorbidity, Adolescent, Australia, Anxiety Disorders, Prevalence, Catchment Area (Health), Mental Health Services, Female, Mood Disorders, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Adult, Humans, Male, Questionnaires},
date-added = {2010-02-01 20:23:43 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-01 20:23:43 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-7-50},
pii = {1471-244X-7-50},
pmid = {17868477},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Buckby-2007-BMC%20Psychiatry_Clinical%20utility%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4839},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Macdonald:2005p7179,
author = {Ranald R Macdonald},
journal = {Psychol Sci},
title = {Why replication probabilities depend on prior probability distributions: a rejoinder to Killeen (2005)},
affiliation = {University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom. r.r.macdonald@stir.ac.uk},
number = {12},
pages = {1007--8},
volume = {16},
year = {2005},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Models: Statistical, Psychology},
date-added = {2010-03-06 20:32:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:46:15 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01652.x},
pii = {PSCI1652},
pmid = {16313668},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Macdonald-2005-Psychol%20Sci_Why%20replication%20prob.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7179},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kuntsi:2005p6896,
author = {Jonna Kuntsi and Fr{\"u}hling Rijsdijk and Angelica Ronald and Philip Asherson and Robert Plomin},
journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
title = {Genetic influences on the stability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms from early to middle childhood},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The high heritability of the core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been repeatedly demonstrated, but few studies to date have investigated the extent to which the same genetic influences operate across development or new genes emerge at different developmental periods. METHODS: We report data from a large, population-based study of approximately 4,000 twin pairs, who have been followed up from early to middle childhood. RESULTS: Parents' ratings of ADHD symptoms showed moderate stability across the ages, which was mainly due to shared genetic influences. There was also evidence of additional genetic influences, which were not shared with those acting earlier on, emerging at later age periods. The contribution of environmental influences to the stability of the ADHD symptoms over time was small. Parents' ratings on the Conners' DSM-IV ADHD subscale at the last assessment point, at an average age of 8 years, did not show the rater contrast effects that were observed in the parents' ratings at earlier ages with briefer measures. Similar estimates of genetic and environmental influences were obtained for girls and boys. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the implications of the findings for molecular genetic studies on ADHD symptomatology.},
affiliation = {MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. j.kuntsi@iop.kcl.ac.uk},
number = {6},
pages = {647--54},
volume = {57},
year = {2005},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Retrospective Studies, Age Factors, Diseases in Twins, Longitudinal Studies, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Models: Genetic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Personality Assessment, Social Environment, Sex Factors, Regression Analysis, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Female, Twin Studies as Topic, Observer Variation},
date-added = {2010-03-06 10:58:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 10:58:04 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.032},
pii = {S0006-3223(04)01375-7},
pmid = {15780852},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6896},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hicks:2004p9124,
author = {Brian M Hicks and Robert F Krueger and William G Iacono and Matt McGue and Christopher J Patrick},
journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
title = {Family transmission and heritability of externalizing disorders: a twin-family study},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Antisocial behavior and substance dependence disorders exact a heavy financial and human cost on society. A better understanding of the mechanisms of familial transmission for these "externalizing" disorders is necessary to better understand their etiology and to help develop intervention strategies. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which the family transmission of externalizing disorders is due to a general vs a disorder-specific vulnerability and, owing to the genetically informative nature of our data, to estimate the heritable vs environmental nature of these transmission effects. DESIGN: We used structural equation modeling to simultaneously estimate the general and specific transmission effects of 4 externalizing disorders: conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. SETTING: Participants were recruited from the community and were interviewed in a university laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 542 families participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. All families included 17-year-old twins and their biological mother and father. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom counts of conduct disorder, the adult criteria for antisocial personality disorder, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. RESULTS: Transmission of a general vulnerability to all the externalizing disorders accounted for most familial resemblance. This general vulnerability was highly heritable (h2 = 0.80). Disorder-specific vulnerabilities were also detected for conduct disorder, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism underlying the familial transmission of externalizing disorders is primarily a highly heritable general vulnerability. This general vulnerability or common risk factor should be the focus of research regarding the etiology and treatment of externalizing disorders.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. hicks013@umn.edu},
number = {9},
pages = {922--8},
volume = {61},
year = {2004},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Phenotype, Models: Genetic, Substance-Related Disorders, Twins: Monozygotic, Adult, Risk Factors, Minnesota, Twins: Dizygotic, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Family, Adolescent, Humans, Age Factors, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Comorbidity, Conduct Disorder, Alcoholism, Diagnosis: Dual (Psychiatry), Diseases in Twins},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:26:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 13:26:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.61.9.922},
pii = {61/9/922},
pmid = {15351771},
URL = {http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/61/9/922},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hicks-2004-Arch%20Gen%20Psychiatry_Family%20transmission.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9124},
rating = {0}
}

@article{BrettevilleJensen:1999p9767,
author = {A L Bretteville-Jensen},
journal = {J Health Econ},
title = {Addiction and discounting},
abstract = {In 1988, Becker and Murphy [Becker, G.S., Murphy, K.M., 1988. A theory of rational addiction. Journal of Political Economy, 96, 675-700.] launched a theory in which they proposed that the perspective of rational decision-making could be applied also to cases of addictive behaviour. This paper discusses the theory's assumptions of interpersonal variation and stability in time preferences on the basis of estimates derived from three groups of people with different consumption levels of illegal intoxicants. We find that active injectors of heroin and amphetamine have a higher discount rate than a group reporting that they have never used the substances. Of greater interest, though not in accordance with Becker and Murphy's assumption of stability, we also find that the discount rate among active and former users differs significantly. These findings raise the question of whether a high time-preference rate leads to addiction or whether the onset of an addiction itself alters people's inter-temporal equilibrium.},
affiliation = {National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway. alb@sifa.no},
number = {4},
pages = {393--407},
volume = {18},
year = {1999},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Mental Disorders, Questionnaires, Research Design, Models: Econometric, Norway, Health Behavior, Income, Budgets, Interviews as Topic, Time Factors, Humans, Choice Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders},
date-added = {2010-03-25 15:18:49 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:34:20 +0200},
pii = {S0167-6296(98)00057-5},
pmid = {10539613},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bretteville-Jensen-1999-J%20Health%20Econ_Addiction%20and%20discou.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9767},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nichols:2003p3617,
author = {Thomas Nichols and Satoru Hayasaka},
journal = {Stat Methods Med Res},
title = {Controlling the familywise error rate in functional neuroimaging: a comparative review},
abstract = {Functional neuroimaging data embodies a massive multiple testing problem, where 100,000 correlated test statistics must be assessed. The familywise error rate, the chance of any false positives is the standard measure of Type I errors in multiple testing. In this paper we review and evaluate three approaches to thresholding images of test statistics: Bonferroni, random field and the permutation test. Owing to recent developments, improved Bonferroni procedures, such as Hochberg's methods, are now applicable to dependent data. Continuous random field methods use the smoothness of the image to adapt to the severity of the multiple testing problem. Also, increased computing power has made both permutation and bootstrap methods applicable to functional neuroimaging. We evaluate these approaches on t images using simulations and a collection of real datasets. We find that Bonferroni-related tests offer little improvement over Bonferroni, while the permutation method offers substantial improvement over the random field method for low smoothness and low degrees of freedom. We also show the limitations of trying to find an equivalent number of independent tests for an image of correlated test statistics.},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. nichols@umich.edu},
number = {5},
pages = {419--46},
volume = {12},
year = {2003},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Data Interpretation: Statistical, Brain, Sensitivity and Specificity, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models: Statistical, Stochastic Processes},
date-added = {2010-01-16 18:35:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 18:35:15 +0100},
pmid = {14599004},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Nichols-2003-Stat%20Methods%20Med%20Res_Controlling%20the%20fami.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3617},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Arlot:2010p7235,
author = {S Arlot and A Celisse},
journal = {Statistics Surveys},
title = {A survey of cross-validation procedures for model selection},
abstract = {Used to estimate the risk of an estimator or to perform model selection, cross-validation is a widespread strategy because of its simplic- ity and its (apparent) universality. Many results exist on model selection performances of cross-validation procedures. This survey intends to relate these results to the most recent advances of model selection theory, with a particular emphasis on distinguishing empirical statements from rigorous theoretical results. As a conclusion, guidelines are provided for choosing the best cross-validation procedure according to the particular features of the problem in hand.},
pages = {40--79},
volume = {4},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-03-08 19:33:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-08 19:34:36 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Arlot-2010-Statistics%20Surveys_A%20survey%20of%20cross-va.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7235},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Chen:2003p12570,
author = {Xun Chen and Lynn Wei},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {A comparison of recent methods for the analysis of small-sample cross-over studies},
abstract = {The standard analysis of variance (ANOVA) method is usually applied to analyse continuous data from cross-over studies. The method, however, has been known to be not robust for general variance-covariance structure. The simple empirical generalized least squares (EGLS) method, proposed in an attempt to improve the precision of the standard ANOVA method for general variance-covariance structure, is usually insufficient for small-sample cross-over trials. In this paper we compare the following commonly used or recent approaches: standard ANOVA; simple EGLS; modified ANOVA method derived from a modified approximate F-distribution; and a modified EGLS method adjusted by the Kenward and Roger procedure in terms of robustness and power while applying to small-sample cross-over studies (say, the sample size is less than 40) over a variety of variance-covariance structures by simulation. We find that the unconditional modified ANOVA method has robust performance for all of the simulated small-sample cross-over studies over the various variance-covariance structures, and has comparable power with the standard ANOVA method whenever they are comparable in type I error rate. The EGLS method (simple or modified) is not reliable when the sample size of a cross-over study is too small, say, less than 24 in the simulation, unless a simple covariance structure is correctly assumed. Given a relatively larger sample size, the modified EGLS method, assuming an unstructured covariance matrix, demonstrates robust performance over the various variance-covariance structures in the simulation and provides more powerful tests than those of the modified (or standard) ANOVA method.},
affiliation = {Clinical Biostatistics, Merck Research Laboratories, RY34-A316, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA. Xun_Chen@Merck.com},
number = {18},
pages = {2821--33},
volume = {22},
year = {2003},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Least-Squares Analysis, Humans, Monte Carlo Method, Analysis of Variance, Models: Statistical, Sample Size, Cross-Over Studies},
date-added = {2010-06-15 22:22:52 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-15 22:22:52 +0200},
doi = {10.1002/sim.1537},
pmid = {12953282},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Chen-2003-Stat%20Med_A%20comparison%20of%20rece.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12570},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brown:2008p12847,
author = {Ted Brown and Sylvia Rodger},
journal = {Percept Mot Skills},
title = {Validity of the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration Supplemental Developmental Test of Visual Perception},
abstract = {Visual perceptual skills of school-age children are often assessed using the Supplemental Developmental Test of Visual Perception of the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. The study purpose was to consider the construct validity of this test by evaluating its scalability (interval level measurement), unidimensionality, differential item functioning, and hierarchical ordering of its items. Visual perceptual performance scores from a sample of 356 typically developing children (171 boys and 185 girls ages 5 to 11 years) were used to complete a Rasch analysis of the test. Seven items were discarded for poor fit, while none of the items exhibited differential item functioning by sex. The construct validity, scalability, hierarchical ordering, and lack of differential item functioning requirements were met by the final test version. Since 7 test items did not fit the Rasch analysis specifications, the clinical value of the test is questionable and limited.},
affiliation = {Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University-Peninsula Campus, Building G, 4th floor, McMahons Road, Frankston, Victoria 3163, Australia. ted.brown@med.monash.edu.au},
number = {3},
pages = {659--78},
volume = {106},
year = {2008},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Factor Analysis: Statistical, Psychological Tests, Male, Child, Models: Statistical, Psychomotor Performance, Female, Child Development, Prospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Vision Screening, Visual Perception, Humans},
date-added = {2010-06-21 20:11:41 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-21 20:11:41 +0200},
pmid = {18712186},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Brown-2008-Percept%20Mot%20Skills_Validity%20of%20the%20Deve.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12847},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Johnson:1998,
author = {TP Johnson},
journal = {ZUMA-Nachrichten Spezial},
title = {Approaches to equivalence in cross-cultural and cross-national survey research},
pages = {1--40},
volume = {3},
year = {1998},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:34:18 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p940},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Watson:2006,
author = {J Watson and B Kelly},
journal = {Mathematics Education Research Journal},
title = {A Longitudinal Study of Student Understanding of Chance and Data},
number = {2},
pages = {40--55},
volume = {18},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:39:10 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Watson-2006-Mathematics%20Education%20Research%20Journal_A%20Longitudinal%20Study.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2062},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Martinez:2007p12925,
author = {Luc Martinez and Silla M Consoli and Louis Monnier and Dominique Simon and Olivier Wong and Bernard Yomtov and B{\'e}atrice Gu{\'e}ron and Khadra Benmedjahed and Isabelle Guillemin and Benoit Arnould},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {Studying the Hurdles of Insulin Prescription (SHIP): development, scoring and initial validation of a new self-administered questionnaire},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although insulin therapy is well-accepted by symptomatic diabetic patients, it is still often delayed in less severe patients, in whom injectable insulin remains under-used. A better understanding of patients' perception of insulin would eventually help physicians to adopt the most appropriate dialogue when having to motivate patients to initiate or to intensify insulin injection. METHODS: The 'Studying the Hurdles of Insulin Prescription' (SHIP) questionnaire was developed based on a list of concepts derived from three diabetic patients' focus groups, and was included into two cross-sectional studies with similar design: SHIP Oral study and SHIP Premix study. Diabetic patients treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA; n = 1,494) and patients already treated with insulin (n = 1,150) completed the questionnaire at baseline, 6- and 12 months. Psychometric properties were assessed: 1) structure analysis by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation, 2) internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and 3) concurrent validity (Spearman correlation coefficients with the Fear of Self-Injecting (FSI) score of the Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-testing Questionnaire. Reluctance/motivation towards insulin was assessed. Scores' ability to predict patients' insulin injection reluctance/motivation and initiation/intensification was evaluated with the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC). RESULTS: PCA analysis confirmed the structure of the 14 items grouped into 3 dimensions: 'acceptance and motivation', 'fear and constraints', and 'restraints and barriers' towards insulin injection. Internal consistency reliability was excellent (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70); concurrent validity was good. The three scores were significantly predictive of patients' reluctance/motivation towards insulin injection initiation, as they were of patients' actual switch, except for the 'restraints and barriers' dimension. 'Acceptance and motivation' and 'fears and constraints' dimensions were also significantly predictive of patients' reluctance/motivation towards insulin intensification. By the end of the 12-month study, 179 of the initially OHA-treated patients had started insulin injections; 186 of the patients already treated with insulin had increased their injections. CONCLUSION: The SHIP questionnaire provides reliable and valid assessment of diabetic patients' attitude towards insulin and injections. The predictive power of scores for patients' reluctance/motivation and actual treatment decisions demonstrates encouraging potential for further application in clinical practice.},
affiliation = {French Society of General Medicine, Issy les Moulineaux, France. uc.martinez@wanadoo.fr},
pages = {53},
volume = {5},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Injections: Subcutaneous, Focus Groups, Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2, Patient Compliance, Insulin, Psychometrics, Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1, Adult, Self Administration, Aged, Middle Aged, Hypoglycemic Agents, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Principal Component Analysis, France, Questionnaires, Administration: Oral},
date-added = {2010-06-25 21:43:22 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-25 21:43:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-5-53},
pii = {1477-7525-5-53},
pmid = {17727695},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Martinez-2007-Health%20and%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Outcomes_Studying%20the%20Hurdles.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12925},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Gierl:1999p11172,
author = {M Gierl and S N Khaliq and K Boughton},
journal = {Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society for the Study of Education},
title = {Gender Differential Item Functioning in Mathematics and Science: Prevalence and Policy Implications},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-04-25 21:19:18 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-25 21:19:57 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gierl-1999-Annual%20Meeting%20of%20the%20Canadian%20Society%20for%20the%20Study%20of%20Education_Gender%20Differential.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11172},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Williams:2008p8601,
author = {Nia Williams and Sabena Mughal and Mitch Blair},
journal = {Dev Med Child Neurol},
title = {'Is my child developing normally?': a critical review of web-based resources for parents},
abstract = {Early detection of developmental problems improves outcomes for parents and children. Parents want to be involved in assessment and need high-quality, accurate, and reliable data on child development to help monitor progress and inform decisions on referral. The aim of this paper is to review which websites are readily accessible to parents on child development and to assess their quality. An internet search (on Google and Yahoo) was conducted using the search terms 'child development', 'parenting', and 'developmental milestones'. Criteria were agreed for evaluating web-based resources, adapted from and based on previously reported methods. Data were collected on site content, diagrams and layout, readability (Flesch Reading Ease Scale), design, navigability, overall design, and interactive features. Forty-four relevant websites were identified for further analysis: six government, three university, 15 health-care professional, four American Academy of Pediatrics, 10 by journalists, and six undisclosed. The best websites are presented, with justification for their choice. Overall, information available for parents about child development is accurate but much of it is incomplete, unclear, or difficult to access. There is a need to develop an easily accessible, clear, and authoritative resource for parents with illustrations. Focus groups are being held to inform this research further.},
affiliation = {Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK. nia.williams00@ic.ac.uk},
number = {12},
pages = {893--7},
volume = {50},
year = {2008},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Internet, Humans, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Early Diagnosis, Infant, Parents, Child: Preschool, Information Services},
date-added = {2010-03-22 00:24:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 00:24:59 +0100},
pmid = {19160461},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Williams-2008-Developmental%20medicine%20and%20child%20neurology_'Is%20my%20child%20develop.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8601},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lu:2006p1814,
author = {Y Lu and X Wang},
title = {A Hierarchical Bayesian Framework for Item Response Theory Models with Applications in Ideal Point Estimation},
abstract = {Ideal point estimation, a variation of item response theory models, has been widely used by political scientists to analyze legislative behaviors. However, many existing ideal point estimation research is based on unrealistic assumptions of independence of different individuals' decisions towards all cases/bills and the independence of one's decisions towards different cases/bills. The violation of such assumptions leads to bias and inefficiency in parameter estimation. More im- portantly, failing to address these assumptions has hampered the ideal point estimation research from offering intuitive and concise explanations on complex legislative behaviors such as multidi- mensionality, strategic voting, temporary coalitions. In this paper, we extend one testlet response theory model by Bradlow, Wainer and Wang(1999) to a comprehensive hierarchical Bayesian statistical framework that allows researchers to model inter-individual and intra-individual cor- relations through random effects and/or fixed effects. Through simulations and an analysis of the US Supreme Court vote cast data, we show that the proposed framework holds good promise for tackling many unsettled issues in ideal point estimations. As a companion to this paper, we also offer an easy-to-use R package with C code that implements the methods discussed herein.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-09 22:43:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 22:44:08 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lu-2006-_A%20Hierarchical%20Bayes.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1814},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wyrwich:2009p5421,
author = {Kathleen Wyrwich and Neesha Harnam and Dennis A Revicki and Julie C Locklear and Henrik Sveds{\"a}ter and Jean Endicott},
journal = {Int Clin Psychopharmacol},
title = {Assessing health-related quality of life in generalized anxiety disorder using the Quality Of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire},
abstract = {Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic illness that leads to substantial impairments in quality of life. This post-hoc analysis used combined data from three 8-week quetiapine extended-release trials to investigate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Short Form of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire [Q-LES-Q (SF)] in 2588 patients with GAD. The baseline Q-LES-Q (SF) score showed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.86, indicative of reliability. Validity analyses for Q-LES-Q (SF) identified significant correlations with clinical efficacy measures (r>0.34 at week 8; P<0.001) and significant discrimination between patient groups categorized by symptom severity (P<0.001). Responsiveness was shown by significant differences in mean changes in Q-LES-Q (SF) scores at week 8 between patients defined according to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety response or remission criteria (P<0.001). The minimum clinically important Q-LES-Q (SF) score change was identified to be 6.80 points. Using this definition, response rates were significantly greater with quetiapine extended-release 150 mg versus placebo in individual trials and the combined population (P < or = 0.02). This analysis shows the overall reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Q-LES-Q (SF) as a measure of overall quality of life and satisfaction in patients with GAD.},
affiliation = {United BioSource Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA. kathy.wyrwich@unitedbiosource.com},
number = {6},
pages = {289--95},
volume = {24},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adult, Adolescent, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Humans, Questionnaires, Anxiety Disorders, Delayed-Action Preparations, Reproducibility of Results, Male, Dibenzothiazepines, Aged, Middle Aged, Female},
date-added = {2010-02-11 10:37:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-11 10:37:46 +0100},
doi = {10.1097/YIC.0b013e32832d6bf4},
pmid = {19707153},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5421},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nieuwkerk:2001p9551,
author = {P T Nieuwkerk and E H Gisolf and M H Reijers and J M Lange and S A Danner and M A Sprangers and NATIVE Study Group and PROMETHEUS Study Group and ADAM Study Group},
journal = {AIDS},
title = {Long-term quality of life outcomes in three antiretroviral treatment strategies for HIV-1 infection},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in quality of life (QoL) over 96 weeks in patients enrolled in a triple-therapy protocol, a treatment-intensification protocol, or an induction-maintenance therapy protocol, and to compare QoL between patients who continued and discontinued their antiretroviral regimen. PATIENTS: Naive patients enrolled in a triple-therapy protocol (zidovudine/lamivudine or stavudine/didanosine or stavudine/lamivudine supplemented with protease inhibitor therapy of choice) (n = 35), a protocol of treatment intensification (ritonavir/saquinavir or ritonavir/saquinavir/stavudine) (n = 74) in which therapy was intensified with nucleoside analogue(s) in cases of insufficient viral suppression, and a protocol of induction (saquinavir/nelfinavir/lamivudine/ stavudine) maintenance (saquinavir/nelfinavir or stavudine/nelfinavir) therapy (n = 50). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes from baseline in QoL assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey at weeks 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96. RESULTS: Patients in the triple-therapy and treatment-intensification protocols showed more favourable changes in physical function, social function, mental health, energy/fatigue, health distress and overall QoL compared to patients in the induction-maintenance protocol, with patients in the first two protocols showing improvements in QoL and those in the induction-maintenance protocol showing declining or unchanged QoL. Patients who discontinued study medication due to insufficient efficacy, toxicities or at their own request showed less favourable changes in QoL compared with patients who continued their regimen. The highest proportion of discontinuations was within the induction-maintenance protocol. CONCLUSION: Antiretroviral treatment strategies that are effective and tolerable have the potential to improve patients' QoL over 96 weeks.},
affiliation = {Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.t.nieuwkerk@amc.uva.nl},
number = {15},
pages = {1985--91},
volume = {15},
year = {2001},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Antiretroviral Therapy: Highly Active, Time Factors, Viral Load, Drug Therapy: Combination, Quality of Life, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Adult, RNA: Viral, HIV Infections, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Anti-HIV Agents, Female, Drug Administration Schedule, Middle Aged, HIV-1, Male, CD4 Lymphocyte Count},
date-added = {2010-03-23 20:49:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:12:25 +0200},
pmid = {11600827},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Nieuwkerk-2001-AIDS_Long-term%20quality%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9551},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Reif:2007p9058,
author = {Andreas Reif and Michael R{\"o}sler and Christine M Freitag and Marc Schneider and Andrea Eujen and Christian Kissling and Denise Wenzler and Christian P Jacob and Petra Retz-Junginger and Johannes Thome and Klaus-Peter Lesch and Wolfgang Retz},
journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
title = {Nature and nurture predispose to violent behavior: serotonergic genes and adverse childhood environment},
abstract = {Aggressive behavior is influenced by variation in genes of the serotonergic circuitry and early-life experience alike. The present study aimed at investigating the contribution of polymorphisms shown to moderate transcription of two genes involved in serotonergic neurotransmission (serotonin transporter, 5HTT, and monoamine oxidase A, MAOA) to the development of violence and to test for gene-environment interactions relating to adverse childhood environment. A cohort of 184 adult male volunteers referred for forensic assessment participated in the study. Each individual was assigned to either a violent or a nonviolent group. Logistic regression was performed and the best-fitting model, with a predictive power of 74%, revealed independent effects of adverse childhood environment and MAOA genotype. High environmental adversity during childhood was associated significantly with violent behavior. Forty-five percent of violent, but only 30% of nonviolent individuals carried the low-activity, short MAOA allele. Most interestingly, an interaction effect between childhood environment and 5HTT genotype on violent behavior was found in that high adversity during childhood impacted only the later-life violence if the short promoter alleles were present. These findings indicate complex interactions between genetic variation of the serotonergic circuitry and environmental factors arguing against simplistic, mono-causal explanations of violent behavior.},
affiliation = {Clinical and Molecular Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of W{\"u}rzburg, W{\"u}rzburg, Germany. a.reif@gmx.net},
number = {11},
pages = {2375--83},
volume = {32},
year = {2007},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Antisocial Personality Disorder, Statistics: Nonparametric, Violence, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Adult, Regression Analysis, Male, Polymorphism: Genetic, Child, Cohort Studies, Child Abuse, Risk Factors, Monoamine Oxidase, Predictive Value of Tests, Middle Aged, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Environment},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:19:41 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 13:19:41 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/sj.npp.1301359},
pii = {1301359},
pmid = {17342170},
URL = {http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v32/n11/abs/1301359a.html},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Reif-2007-Neuropsychopharmacology_Nature%20and%20nurture%20p.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9058},
rating = {0}
}

@article{McDonald:2000p11748,
author = {R P McDonald},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {A Basis for Multidimensional Item Response Theory},
abstract = {Independent clusters, as treated in classical linear factor analysis, provide a desirable basis for multidimensional item response models, yielding interpretable and useful results. The independent- clusters basis serves to determine dimensionality, while establishing a pattern for the item parameter matrix that provides identifiability conditions and facilitates interpretation of the traits. It also provides a natural extension of known results on convergent/discriminant ``construct'' validity to binary items, allowing the quantification of the validity of test and subtest scores. The independent-clusters basis simplifies item/test response and information hypersurfaces, which cannot otherwise be easily studied except in the trivial case of two dimensions, and provides estimates of latent traits with uncorrelated measurement errors. In addition, the affine transformation needed for the informative analysis of the causes of differential item functioning is simplified using the independent-clusters basis. These classically based procedures are already well-established in the context of the linear common- factor model and, accordingly, they set a standard against which more recently developed procedures for the same purposes need to be judged.},
number = {2},
pages = {99--114},
volume = {24},
year = {2000},
date-added = {2010-05-14 21:48:02 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-14 21:49:10 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/McDonald-2000-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_A%20Basis%20for%20Multidim.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11748},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Peirson:1999p12237,
author = {A R Peirson and J W Heuchert and L Thomala and M Berk and H Plein and C R Cloninger},
journal = {Psychiatry Res},
title = {Relationship between serotonin and the temperament and character inventory},
abstract = {The unified biosocial theory of personality, proposed by Cloninger, conceptualises personality as a combination of heritable

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license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib