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@techreport{AEMC2020,
author = {AEMC},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PFR/ERC0274{\_}-{\_}Mandatory{\_}PFR{\_}-{\_}Final{\_}Determination{\_}PUBLISHED{\_}26MAR2020.pdf:pdf},
number = {26 March},
title = {{Mandatory primary frequency response, Rule determination}},
year = {2020}
}
@techreport{EndeavourEnergy2019,
author = {{Endeavour Energy}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Networks/Endeavour{\_}Energy{\_}-{\_}0.01{\_}Regulatory{\_}Proposal{\_}-{\_}April{\_}2018{\_}-{\_}Public.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Regulatory Proposal (1 July 2019 to 30 June 2024)}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{AEMO2019b,
author = {AEMO and ENA},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Networks/Open{\_}Energy{\_}Networks{\_}-{\_}Interim{\_}Report.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Open Energy Networks interim report: required capabilities and recommended actions}},
url = {https://www.energynetworks.com.au/sites/default/files/open{\_}energy{\_}networks{\_}-{\_}required{\_}capabilities{\_}and{\_}recommended{\_}actions{\_}report{\_}22{\_}july{\_}2019.pdf},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Erenoglu2019,
abstract = {This paper was written in order to examine the order of discovery of significant developments in the history of electricity. The history of electricity reveals a series of discoveries with the simplest discoveries being made first and more complex discoveries being made later. Some discoveries could not be made without certain prior discoveries having been made. The earliest forms of electricity to be experienced by people were those that occur naturally such as lightning and those resulting from simple activities like rubbing an object which causes electricity by means of friction. Systematic experimentation concerning electricity began after the scientific revolution with scientists constructing simple machines to create electricity and conducting simple experiments that showed electric charges could be positive or negative and that insulating material could stop an electric charge being lost from a charged object. Current electricity required the prior discovery of a battery such as the voltaic pile, and only when current electricity could be made, was it possible to discover the connection between electricity and magnetism. Once current electricity was produced, it was soon discovered that an electric current affected the behaviour of a compass needle, leading to the invention of the electromagnet and eventually to Faraday's invention of the electric motor and the electric generator. When practical electric generators and motors were invented, and the generation of electricity became economic, helped considerably by the invention of the electric light, the use of electricity began to spread throughout the first world and eventually the rest of the world. The order in which these discoveries were made was inevitable and given how valuable electricity is to human beings, it was also inevitable, that sooner or later in some society open to new ideas and technology, that electricity would be used to meet human needs. The order of discovery was inevitable and is an example of how social and cultural history has to follow a particular course determined by the structure of the world around us.},
author = {Erenoğlu, Ayşe K{\"{u}}bra and Erdin{\c{c}}, Ozan and Taşcıkaraoğlu, Akın},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00001-6},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Erenoğlu, Erdin{\c{c}}, Taşcıkaraoğlu - 2019 - History of Electricity.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
journal = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
pages = {1--27},
title = {{History of Electricity}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Aemo2018,
author = {Aemo, Why},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/NEM/AEMO/Renewable{\_}Integration{\_}Study{\_}Information{\_}Sheet.pdf:pdf},
number = {July},
pages = {1--2},
title = {{Renewable Integration Study Information Sheet Renewable Integration Study Information Sheet}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Ela2012,
author = {Ela, Erik and Tuohy, Aidan and Milligan, Michael and Kirby, Brendan},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Alternative{\_}approaches{\_}for{\_}incentivising{\_}frequency{\_}responsive{\_}reserve{\_}ancillary{\_}service.pdf:pdf},
number = {March},
title = {{Alternative Approaches for Incentivizing the Frequency}},
year = {2012}
}
@book{Das2019,
abstract = {We present a taxonomy of various smart grid domains based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) framework for the smart grid (SG) environment. Since communications in the SG environment use various wireless technologies, there is a high possibility that a malicious adversary can intercept, modify, delete, and interrupt the transmitted messages between the communicating entities. In addition, smart devices in the SG environment can also be physically compromised by an adversary. Therefore, in this chapter we develop a taxonomy on various security protocols aimed at the SG environment, which includes key management, authentication, access control, trust computing, privacy-preservation, and intrusion detection systems. We discuss the threat model and various security requirements as well as attacks related to the SG environment. Next, we present various security solutions based on the taxonomy of security protocols we have developed. Finally, we discuss various security platforms that are deployed and implemented in the SG environment.},
author = {Das, Ashok Kumar and Zeadally, Sherali},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00013-2},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Das, Zeadally - 2019 - Data Security in the Smart Grid Environment.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
keywords = {Access control,Authentication,Intrusion detection system,Key management,Privacy-preservation,Security,Trusted computing},
pages = {371--395},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{Data Security in the Smart Grid Environment}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00013-2},
year = {2019}
}
@article{AEMO2016b,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/AEMO{\_}Fact{\_}Sheet{\_}Frequency{\_}Control{\_}-{\_}Final.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--3},
title = {{Frequency Control Fact Sheet}},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Condona,
author = {Condon, Dean and Park, A Solar Skate},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Reactive{\_}Power/Reactive{\_}Power{\_}Proog{\_}of{\_}Concept.pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--5},
title = {{Grid Connected Solar PV and Reactive Power in a Low Voltage Distribution Network}}
}
@article{ReliabilityPanelAustralianEnergyMarketCommission2017,
abstract = {The Panel has made a determination to amend, in accordance with clause 8.8.3(a)(1) of the Rules and section 38 of the NEL, the NEM Mainland frequency operating standards which form part of the power system security standards. These amendments are contained in this Appendix A. This standard is effective from 14 November 2017. A.1 Frequency operating standards for the mainland NEM A.1.1 Part A Summary of the Frequency operating standards for the mainland NEM The NEM Mainland frequency operating standards set out in Part B are summarised in the following tables for convenience. To the extent of any inconsistency between these tables and Part B below, Part B prevails. The following table applies to any part of the NEM Mainland power system, other than an island or during periods of supply scarcity during load restoration: Table A.},
author = {{Reliability Panel Australian Energy Market Commission}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/NEM{\_}FOS.pdf:pdf},
number = {November},
pages = {1--11},
title = {{The Frequency operating standard}},
volume = {3},
year = {2017}
}
@book{Moran2013,
abstract = {The Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) commenced in 1998 and spans the longest interconnected AC grid in the world. Most generation is coal-fired, but significant gas-fired capacity has been developed since market start in response to rising peak demand. Until the early 1990s, virtually all electricity was supplied through vertically integrated state monopolies. These monopolies have now been disaggregated and many of their component businesses privatized. Generation and retailing activities are now largely open to competition, while monopoly transmission and distribution networks are subject to independent economic regulation. The NEM is an energy-only market and prices have generally performed well in encouraging investment where and when it is efficient. However, the mounting cost of climate change policies has offset many of the initial gains. Recent regulatory issues have focused on network "gold-plating", with some concerns expressed about generator market power and vertical integration. Completion of the reform process requires further privatization and additional retail tariff liberalization. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author = {Moran, Alan and Sood, Rajat},
booktitle = {Evolution of Global Electricity Markets: New Paradigms, New Challenges, New Approaches},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-397891-2.00019-5},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/NEM/Evolution of Australia's Electricity.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780123978912},
keywords = {Capacity market,Energy-only market,Feed-in tariffs,Gold-plating,Market power,National Electricity Market,Photovoltaic,Renewable Energy Targets},
number = {Section 3},
pages = {571--614},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Evolution of Australia's National Electricity Market}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397891-2.00019-5},
year = {2013}
}
@article{AEMO2017b,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/FCAS/Market{\_}Ancillary{\_}Service{\_}Specification{\_}V50{\_}{\_}effective{\_}30{\_}July{\_}2017.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Esopp{\_}12},
number = {July},
pages = {0--28},
title = {{Market ancillary service specification (v 5.0)}},
year = {2017}
}
@book{Schlabbach2011,
author = {Schlabbach, J. and Blume, D. and Stephanblome, T.},
booktitle = {Voltage Quality in Electrical Power Systems},
doi = {10.1049/pbpo036e_ch3},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Angelo{\_}Baggini{\_}-{\_}Handbook{\_}of{\_}Power{\_}Quality{\_}(2008).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780470065617},
pages = {103--122},
title = {{Voltage fluctuations and flicker}},
year = {2011}
}
@article{McElreath2017,
abstract = {Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan builds readers' knowledge of and confidence in statistical modeling. Reflecting the need for even minor programming in today's model-based statistics, the book pushes readers to perform step-by-step calculations that are usually automated. This unique computational approach ensures that readers understand enough of the details to make reasonable choices and interpretations in their own modeling work. The text presents generalized linear multilevel models from a Bayesian perspective, relying on a simple logical interpretation of Bayesian probability and maximum entropy. It covers from the basics of regression to multilevel models. The author also discusses measurement error, missing data, and Gaussian process models for spatial and network autocorrelation. By using complete R code examples throughout, this book provides a practical foundation for performing statistical inference. Designed for both PhD students and seasoned professionals in the natural and social sciences, it prepares them for more advanced or specialized statistical modeling. Web Resource The book is accompanied by an R package (rethinking) that is available on the author's website and GitHub. The two core functions (map and map2stan) of this package allow a variety of statistical models to be constructed from standard model formulas.},
author = {McElreath, Richard},
doi = {10.1080/09332480.2017.1302722},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/Statistical{\_}Rethinking.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0933-2480},
journal = {CHANCE},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {40--42},
title = {{Statistical Rethinking}},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09332480.2017.1302722},
volume = {30},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Zhang2009,
abstract = {EPRI Tutorials},
author = {Zhang, Guorui},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/EPRI{\_}Power{\_}System{\_}Dynamics{\_}Tutorial.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Library},
pages = {1--1010},
title = {{EPRI Power System Dynamics Tutorial}},
year = {2009}
}
@misc{ACTGovernment,
author = {{ACT Government}},
title = {{How do the ACT's renewable energy reverse auctions work?}},
url = {https://www.environment.act.gov.au/energy/cleaner-energy/how-do-the-acts-renewable-energy-reverse-auctions-work},
urldate = {2020-02-06}
}
@article{Prescott1985,
author = {Prescott, S W and Bao, J and Bequette, B W},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/Stability{\_}Analysis/Linear{\_}Systems{\_}(Part3).pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--14},
title = {{Part 3 : Linear Systems}},
year = {1985}
}
@article{Soler2017,
abstract = {This research atempts to generalize an approach for large-scale, non-layered spatial extrusion. The methodology consists of splitng a volume, representng any arbitrary geometry, into discrete fragments with a finite number of possible arrangements. These fragments are combined in response to a series of design criteria. A novel application of graph theory algorithms is used to generate a contnuous and non-overlapping path through the discrete segments. Physical and mechanical issues related to extrusion technology are explored. The computational model takes into consideration the grade and limitations of different kinds of equipment and material propertes to counteract fabrication errors with the goal of speeding up the process and eliminatng any need for human intervention. This approach is implemented as a cross-platorm software product and programming library that can generate robot programs compatble with multple industrial robot manufacturers. A physical prototype was fabricated using the seminal Pantion Chair as a test model. We conclude that the computational approach is sound and most of the issues encountered were due to the equipment used. This will be addressed in future work.},
author = {Soler, Vicente and Retsin, Gilles and Garcia, Manuel Jimenez},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/High{\_}Renewable{\_}Penetration/CAISO-NREL{\_}300MW{\_}Solar{\_}Reliability{\_}Trial.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780692965061},
journal = {Disciplines and Disruption - Proceedings Catalog of the 37th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, ACADIA 2017},
keywords = {CAISO,California Independent System Operator,First Solar,March 2017,NREL/TP-5D00-67799,PV,active power control,automatic generation control,photovoltaic,utility-scale power},
number = {March},
pages = {562--571},
title = {{A generalized approach to non-layered fused filament fabrication}},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Ye2019,
abstract = {With the increase of converter-fed devices such as renewable energy sources, energy storage, electric vehicles, direct current transmissions and power electronic loads in the power system, the conventional synchronous generator (SG)-dominated power system has been gradually evolving toward a converter-dominated system. Power electronic interfaces (PEIs) can be controlled to emulate the frequency responses of SGs, but their inherent control mechanisms are quite different. As a result, the revolution of frequency regulation in the future converter-dominated power system is foreseeable from theory to practice. In this paper, the principle of frequency responses and the corresponding control strategies of PEIs are summarized. The major inherent differences between PEIs and SGs are clarified, and the distinctive releasable energy reserves and frequency response performances are revealed. The state-of-the-art frequency regulation strategies adopted by PEIs in different operation modes are reviewed. The multiple time-scale frequency behavior in converter-dominated power systems is presented. Some major technical challenges for future work are highlighted.},
author = {Ye, Yida and Qiao, Ying and Lu, Zongxiang},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.066},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Inverter-connected/Frequency{\_}reg{\_}in{\_}converter{\_}dominated{\_}system.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18790690},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
keywords = {Frequency regulation, power electronic interfaces},
number = {May 2018},
pages = {145--156},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Revolution of frequency regulation in the converter-dominated power system}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.066},
volume = {111},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Riesz2016a,
abstract = {Efficient wholesale electricity markets should drive preference revealing bidding where generators offer the majority of their power at their short run marginal cost (SRMC). However, most renewables have very low SRMCs, which in a competitive market is likely to lead to an increasing proportion of low priced periods. Combined with concerns around the variable availability of some renewable generation types, this has led to suggestions that energy-only markets may need to be augmented with capacity remuneration mechanisms as their renewable penetration grows. This analysis explores the operation of energy-only markets with high renewables, with a case study of the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). Results suggest that existing energy-only market mechanisms have the potential to operate effectively in a 100{\%} renewables scenario, but success will rely upon two critical factors. Firstly, an increase in the Market Price Cap is likely to be required. Preliminary analysis suggests this may need to increase from the present {\$}13,500/ MWh in the NEM to the range {\$}60,000 to {\$}80,000 /MWh. Alternatively, comprehensive demand side participation could allow each customer to select their preferred level of reliability and associated cost, removing the need for an administratively determined Market Price Cap. Secondly, a liquid and well-functioning derivative contracts market will be required to allow generators and retailers to hedge increased market risks successfully.},
author = {Riesz, Jenny and Gilmore, Joel and MacGill, Iain},
doi = {10.5547/2160-5890.5.1.jrie},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/Assessing{\_}the{\_}viability{\_}of{\_}Energy-Only{\_}Markets{\_}with{\_}100{\%}{\_}Renewables{\_}An{\_}Australian{\_}National{\_}Electricity{\_}Market{\_}Case{\_}Study.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21605890},
journal = {Economics of Energy and Environmental Policy},
keywords = {Australia,Capacity market,Energy-only market,NEM,National Electricity Market,Renewables,Resource adequacy,System adequacy},
number = {1},
pages = {105--130},
title = {{Assessing the viability of energy-only markets with 100{\%} renewables: An Australian National Electricity Market case study}},
volume = {5},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Quazza1972,
author = {Quazza, Giorgio},
doi = {10.1016/s1474-6670(17)68545-8},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Quazza - 1972 - Electric Power System Control-Problems and Trends.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14746670},
journal = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes},
number = {1},
pages = {371--383},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Electric Power System Control-Problems and Trends}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)68545-8},
volume = {5},
year = {1972}
}
@article{Chaudhary2018,
abstract = {The share of power generated from solar photovoltaic (SPV) is increasing drastically worldwide to meet the ever increasing energy demands. The power generated from the solar PV is mainly connected to low voltage (LV) distribution systems. However, the power generated from solar PV is intermittent in nature as a results it creates a problem in grid stability and reliability. The technical impacts of high PV penetration into distribution systems are mainly on the current and voltage profiles, quality of power, power balancing, protection, losses in system, power factor, etc. To address aforesaid issues lot of research is required, therefore an extensive literature review is performed considering the current status, impacts and various technical challenges due to high PV contribution. In addition, the proposed study also provides the insights to the possible solutions for voltage rise problem due to high PV penetration in LV distribution system.},
author = {Chaudhary, Priyanka and Rizwan, M.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.017},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Networks/Voltage{\_}reulation{\_}mitigation{\_}in{\_}high{\_}solar{\_}PV{\_}-{\_}review{\_}.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18790690},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
keywords = {Distribution systems,Energy demand,Solar photovoltaic,Voltage regulation},
number = {October 2017},
pages = {3279--3287},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Voltage regulation mitigation techniques in distribution system with high PV penetration: A review}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.017},
volume = {82},
year = {2018}
}
@article{By2015,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/FCAS/SETTLEMENTS{\_}GUIDE{\_}TO{\_}ANCILLARY{\_}SERVICES{\_}PAYMENT{\_}AND{\_}RECOVERY{\_}V2.pdf:pdf},
number = {July},
pages = {1--35},
title = {{Settlements Guide To Ancillary Services Payment and Recovery Prepared By :}},
year = {2015}
}
@unpublished{AEMO2019,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/AEMO - 2019 - Draft 2020 Integrated System Plan For the National Electricity Market.pdf:pdf},
number = {December 2019},
title = {{Draft 2020 Integrated System Plan For the National Electricity Market}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{WEG,
author = {WEG},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/WEG - Unknown - The ABC ' s of Synchronous Motors.pdf:pdf},
number = {USA-EM200SYN42},
title = {{The ABC ' s of Synchronous Motors}}
}
@article{Ballance2013,
author = {Ballance, John},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Transmission/Phase{\_}Angle{\_}Differences{\_}What{\_}They{\_}Mean{\_}and{\_}How{\_}to{\_}Use{\_}Them{\_}For{\_}Operations.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Operationalizing Phasor Technology Phase Angle Differences Webinar Outline}},
year = {2013}
}
@article{AEMO2015,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/FCAS/Guide{\_}to{\_}Ancillary{\_}Services{\_}in{\_}the{\_}National{\_}Electricity{\_}Market.pdf:pdf},
number = {April},
title = {{Guide To Ancillary Services in the National}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Singarao2016a,
abstract = {United States' Wind Vision report envisions wind energy to generate 20{\%} and 35{\%} of nation's electricity by 2030 and 2050 respectively. Taking in to account of the aforementioned vision, the electric power industry is promoting generation of wind power and integration into the US interconnection grids. Over the last decade, this fast growing grid connected wind power generation has raised several new technical, regulatory and economic concerns for grid operations and electricity markets. Therefore, it becomes essential to perform research study and determine possible solutions for the integration of high penetration levels of wind power with the power grid. This paper focuses on the grid integration issue associated with deteriorated frequency response of power system when significant levels of wind power generation is present in the total generation mix. A brief review of the recently introduced frequency response regulatory standards and requirements for wind power plants in United States is presented along with the turbine manufacturer's advanced grid technology upgrade options to maintain the power system reliability. This paper evaluates the provision of ancillary services such as Emulated Inertial Response (EIR) and Primary Frequency Response (PFR) by wind generation resources, and investigates the impact of different control architectures on frequency response metrics. Further, it discusses the costs, benefits and other economic impacts associated with the various frequency control techniques of wind power plants. Finally, guidelines and priorities for wind turbine manufacturers, generating entities, balancing authorities and regulators are provided to ensure the increased reliability without additional costs.},
author = {Singarao, Venkatesh Yadav and Rao, Vittal S.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.011},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Singarao, Rao - 2016 - Frequency responsive services by wind generation resources in United States.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18790690},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
keywords = {Ancillary service markets,Emulated inertial response,Frequency responsive service,Primary frequency response,Reliability standard,Synchronous inertial response,Variable speed wind turbines},
pages = {1097--1108},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Frequency responsive services by wind generation resources in United States}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.011},
volume = {55},
year = {2016}
}
@article{AEMO2019d,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Reactive{\_}Power/2019{\_}NSCAS{\_}Report.pdf:pdf},
number = {December},
title = {{2019 Network Support and Control Ancillary Services ( NSCAS )}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Strength,
author = {Strength, What I S},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/System{\_}Strength/AEMO{\_}Fact{\_}Sheet{\_}System{\_}Strength{\_}Final{\_}20.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Fault level and network strength}}
}
@article{Kroposki2019,
author = {Kroposki, Ben},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/High{\_}Renewable{\_}Penetration/Ben-Kroposki-Power-Systems-with-High-Levels-of-Inverters-2019.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Summarizing the Technical Challenges of High Levels of Inverter-based Resources in Power Grids Director – Power System Engineering Center}},
year = {2019}
}
@techreport{EnergyNetworksAustralia2017,
author = {{Energy Networks Australia} and CSIRO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Networks/electricity{\_}network{\_}transformation{\_}roadmap{\_}final{\_}report.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Electricity Network Transformation Roadmap: FInal Report}},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Energeia2020,
author = {Energeia},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/DER/RENEW-DER-Issues-Options-Approach-20200111v3.pdf:pdf},
number = {January},
title = {{Distributed Energy Resources Enablement Project – Problem Statement Paper}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gilbert1967,
author = {Gilbert, Elmer G.},
doi = {10.1109/TAC.1967.1098723},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/introduction-to-optimal-control.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15582523},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control},
number = {6},
pages = {802--803},
title = {{An Introduction to Optimal Control}},
volume = {AC-12},
year = {1967}
}
@article{AEMO2018,
author = {AEMO},
doi = {10.1201/9781420038217.ch6},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Power{\_}system{\_}requirements.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Power System Requirements}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Nelson2018,
author = {Nelson, Jimmy and Kasina, Saamrat and Stevens, John and Moore, Jack and Olson, Arne},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Economics/Investigating-the-Economic-Value-of-Flexible-Solar-Power-Plant-Operation.pdf:pdf},
number = {October},
pages = {55},
title = {{Investigating the Economic Value of Flexible Solar Power Plant Operation}},
url = {www.ethree.com},
year = {2018}
}
@book{Billimoria2018,
abstract = {Australia's National Electricity Market is an important global test case of the impacts of electricity sector transition in a large-scale liberalized energy-only market. The integration of variable and distributed energy resources has provided opportunities for clean, low-cost generation, but has also challenged existing market frameworks and resulted in a debate about the necessity for new designs. The market's delayed and insufficient response to disorderly retirement and the need for certain system services have resulted in government and system operator intervention to bridge the gap. There are difficulties in securing timely new investment under policy uncertainty and integrated capital models. Furthermore, contributions to system services that were previously provided as a consequence of energy provision are not inherently provided by many new-generation technologies. A range of solutions have been proposed to address these challenges, although none to date have harnessed the potential of comprehensive alignment between operational requirements and economic signals. For example, the government's flagship National Energy Guarantee, while providing a new framework for emissions intensity and reliability, did not address the ‘missing markets' in energy security. Measures such as forward markets may provide hedging options, but are limited to energy. Centralized commitment could provide operating robustness, but might not be able to provide sufficient transparency of the various electricity value streams, as the experience of international markets shows. Furthermore, while reliability has taken centre stage in the policy discourse, system security is as important in managing a large- scale complex grid with a significant share of asynchronous generation. We argue that an efficient and transparent real-time energy market must reflect the comprehensive operational requirements of electricity dispatch. This necessitates an extension of energy-only design to an ‘energy+services' model in which efficient price signals are provided for the ‘missing products' necessary for operational security. Clear service specifications provide transparent signals that enable clear price discovery and facilitate competition from new providers and technologies.},
author = {Billimoria, Farhad and Poudineh, Rahmatallah},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/NEM/Electricity-Sector-Transition-in-the-National-Electricity-Market-of-Australia-Managing-Reliability-and-Security-in-an-Energy-Only-Market-EL-31.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781784671228},
number = {November},
pages = {1--68},
title = {{Electricity Sector Transition in the National Electricity Market of Australia : Managing Reliability and Security in an Energy-Only Market}},
url = {https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Electricity-Sector-Transition-in-the-National-Electricity-Market-of-Australia-Managing-Reliability-and-Security-in-an-Energy-Only-Market-EL-31.pdf},
year = {2018}
}
@book{HaesAlhelou2018,
abstract = {Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.},
author = {{Haes Alhelou}, Hassan and Hamedani-Golshan, Mohamad Esmail and Zamani, Reza and Heydarian-Forushani, Ehsan and Siano, Pierluigi},
booktitle = {Energies},
doi = {10.3390/en11102497},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Load{\_}Frequency{\_}Control.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {8415683111},
issn = {19961073},
keywords = {Automatic generation control (AGC),Frequency deviation,Interconnected power systems,Load frequency control (LFC),Secondary frequency control,Smart grids,Supplementary frequency control,Tie-lines power deviation},
number = {10},
title = {{Challenges and opportunities of load frequency control in conventional, modern and future smart power systems: A comprehensive review}},
volume = {11},
year = {2018}
}
@article{DHulst2015,
abstract = {In this paper a high level functional architecture for frequency and voltage control for the future (2030+) power system is presented. The proposal suggests a decomposition of the present organization of power system operation into a 'web of cells'. Each cell in this web is managed by a single system operator who assumes responsibility for real-time balance and voltage control of the cell, minimizing the dependency on inter-cell communication for secure system operation. The web-of-cells architecture ensures overall system stability by a combination of decentralized and distributed control patterns for frequency and voltage control. In each control cell, the operator maintains an accurate view on the overall cell state, based on adequate monitoring capabilities, and ensures secure operation by allocating and dispatching reserves located in the cell. Intercell coordination provides for efficient system-wide management and economic optimization.},
author = {D'Hulst, R. and {Merino Fernandez}, J. and Rikos, E. and Kolodziej, D. and Heussen, K. and Geibelk, D. and Temiz, A. and Caerts, C.},
doi = {10.1109/SEDST.2015.7315215},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/ElectraWP3{\_}EDST{\_}submitted2.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781479977369},
journal = {Proceedings - 2015 International Symposium on Smart Electric Distribution Systems and Technologies, EDST 2015},
pages = {245--250},
title = {{Voltage and frequency control for future power systems: The ELECTRA IRP proposal}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Garcia2019,
abstract = {As renewable energy penetration increases and system inertia levels drop, primary frequency response is becoming a critical concern. To address this problem the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) is introducing a Fast Frequency Responsive (FFR) reserve product to the electricity market that helps to arrest frequency decline in the event of a large generator outage. This reserve type is required to be capable of nearly instant deployment of allocated reserve, which differs from traditional Primary Frequency Responsive (PFR) reserve that exhibits ramping limitations on power output. This paper derives a real-time co-optimization problem from first principles that ensures the reserve allocation is sufficient to arrest frequency decline before reaching some critical frequency threshold. The reserve constraints that are introduced capture the coupling between PFR reserve, FFR reserve, and system inertia, which is assumed constant in the context of the real-time market. Numerical results illustrate this coupling via a realistically large representation of the Texas power system.},
author = {Garcia, Manuel and Baldick, Ross},
doi = {10.1145/3307772.3335319},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/frequency{\_}cooptimisation{\_}FRR{\_}PFR{\_}in{\_}RTC{\_}ACMGarciaBaldick.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781450366717},
journal = {e-Energy 2019 - Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems},
keywords = {Economic Dispatch,Electricity Markets,Frequency Response,Real-time Co-optimization,Swing Equation},
pages = {550--555},
title = {{Real-time Co-optimization: Interdependent reserve types for primary frequency response}},
year = {2019}
}
@book{EnvironmentandCommunicationsReferencesCommittee2015,
abstract = {{\ss}},
author = {{Environment and Communications References Committee}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Networks/Performance{\_}and{\_}management{\_}of{\_}electricity{\_}network{\_}companies{\_}final.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {978-1-76010-216-6},
number = {June},
title = {{Performance and management of electricity network companies: Final Report}},
url = {www.aph.gov.au/senate{\_}ec},
year = {2015}
}
@book{Elgerd1971,
author = {Elgerd, Olle I},
booktitle = {International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/PowerSystems/pdf{\_}textbooks/electric-energy-system-theory-an-introduction-olle.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0020-7209},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
title = {{Electric Energy Systems Theory: An Introduction}},
volume = {9},
year = {1971}
}
@article{Hogan2017,
abstract = {Electricity markets must ensure reliability, deliver value for money, unleash technology and service innovation, and empower and protect consumers. This article offers a brief refresher on how we should expect energy prices to form in a modern system and the ways in which they should be expected to shape critical investment decisions. The author lays out a robust and sustainable approach to ensuring a reliable, low-carbon electric supply at the lowest reasonable cost.},
author = {Hogan, Michael},
doi = {10.1016/j.tej.2016.12.006},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/Follow{\_}the{\_}missing{\_}money{\_}{\_}Ensuring{\_}reliability{\_}at{\_}least{\_}cost{\_}to{\_}consumers{\_}in{\_}the{\_}transition{\_}to{\_}a{\_}low-carbon{\_}power{\_}system.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10406190},
journal = {Electricity Journal},
keywords = {Capacity markets,Flexibility,Market design,Reliability,Scarcity pricing},
number = {1},
pages = {55--61},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Follow the missing money: Ensuring reliability at least cost to consumers in the transition to a low-carbon power system}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2016.12.006},
volume = {30},
year = {2017}
}
@incollection{Wong2019,
abstract = {Power systems can be controlled by power electronic systems in order to be more flexible, reliable, and controllable. Combining information technologies, such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data, optimization operation of power networks can be possible. In this chapter, smarter solutions based on power electronic converters are introduced. Today, micro-grids and smart grids are under development. Hopefully, high-quality, renewable, stable, and reliable power and energy can be implemented to support our daily life.},
author = {Wong, Man-Chung and Lam, Chi-Seng and Wang, Lei and Choi, Wai-Hei},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00009-0},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wong et al. - 2019 - Smarter Solutions Based on Power Electronics.pdf:pdf},
pages = {247--288},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Smarter Solutions Based on Power Electronics}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081025925000041},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Miller2017,
author = {Miller, Nicholas and Lew, Debra and Piwko, Richard},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/FFR/2017-03-10-GE{\_}FFR{\_}Advisory{\_}Report-Final{\_}{\_}{\_}2017-3-9.pdf:pdf},
journal = {GE Energy Consulting},
pages = {166},
title = {{Technology Capabilities for Fast Frequency Response}},
url = {https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Security{\_}and{\_}Reliability/Reports/2017/2017-03-10-GE-FFR-Advisory-Report-Final---2017-3-9.pdf},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Ek2008,
abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to provide an econometric analysis of the most important determinants of Swedish households' choice to pay a price premium for "green" electricity. We draw on recent developments in the literature on integrating norm-motivated behavior into neoclassical consumer theory, and assume that individuals have a preference for keeping a self-image as a morally responsible person. Consumer behavior in the "green market place" will then be heavily determined by how purchases of different goods affect this self-image. The analysis is based on postal survey responses from 655 Swedish households, which are analyzed within a binary choice econometric framework. The results indicate that the impact of choosing "green" on the household budget largely influences the choice between "green" and "brown" electricity, as does the degree of perceived personal responsibility for the issue and the felt ability to affect the outcome in a positive way. We find limited support for the notion that perceptions about others' behavior in general affect individual moral norms and ultimately expressed behavior, but this is also complemented by the influence of explicit social influence. The difficulty in observing others' purchases makes it however difficult to distinguish between social and moral norms in the case of "green" electricity. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Ek, Kristina and S{\"{o}}derholm, Patrik},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.02.013},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/norms+economic{\_}motivation{\_}in{\_}Swedish{\_}green{\_}elec.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09218009},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
keywords = {Consumer behavior,Green electricity,Norms,Survey},
number = {1-2},
pages = {169--182},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Norms and economic motivation in the Swedish green electricity market}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.02.013},
volume = {68},
year = {2008}
}
@techreport{DGAConsulting2016,
abstract = {This report was prepared in a collaborative process between DGA Consulting and AEMO. AEMO guided the areas of focus of the report, directing analysis towards topics of most interest and relevance to the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). The analysis conducted by DGA Consulting in those areas of focus was augmented with additional inputs from AEMO, including the contribution of additional NEM-specific context, the contribution of references and insights from a number of additional markets, and the suggestion of some additional relevant insights for the NEM from the jurisdictions explored},
author = {{DGA Consulting}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/NEM/AEMO/FPSS{\_}-{\_}International{\_}Review{\_}of{\_}Frequency{\_}Control.pdf:pdf},
pages = {180},
title = {{International Review of Frequency Control Adaptation}},
url = {https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Security{\_}and{\_}Reliability/Reports/2016/FPSS---International-Review-of-Frequency-Control.pdf},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pollitt2019,
abstract = {Ancillary services are electricity products which include balancing energy, frequency regulation, voltage support, constraint management and reserves. Traditionally they have been procured by system operators from large conventional power plants, as by-products of the production of energy. This paper discusses the use of markets to procure ancillary services in the face of potentially higher demand for them, caused by rising amounts of intermittent renewable generation. We discuss: the nature of markets for ancillary services; what we really mean by ancillary services; how they are impacted by the rise of distributed generation; how they are currently procured; how they relate to the rest of the electricity system; the current state of evidence on ancillary services markets; whether these markets ever be as competitive as conventional wholesale energy markets, and offer some conclusions. Abstract Ancillary services are electricity products which include balancing energy, frequency regulation, voltage support, constraint management and reserves. Traditionally they have been procured by system operators from large conventional power plants, as by-products of the production of energy. This paper discusses the use of markets to procure ancillary services in the face of potentially higher demand for them, caused by rising amounts of intermittent renewable generation. We discuss: the nature of markets for ancillary services; what we really mean by ancillary services; how they are impacted by the rise of distributed generation; how they are currently procured; how they relate to the rest of the electricity system; the current state of evidence on ancillary services markets; whether these markets ever be as competitive as conventional wholesale energy markets, and offer some conclusions.},
author = {Pollitt, Michael G and Anaya, Karim L},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Competition{\_}in{\_}Markets{\_}for{\_}Ancillary{\_}Services.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {ancillary services,balancing energy,constraint management,frequency regulation,reactive power,reserves JEL Classification Keywords: ancillary se,reserves JEL Classification: L94},
number = {July 2019},
title = {{Competition in Markets for Ancillary Services? The implications of rising distributed generation}},
url = {www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk},
year = {2019}
}
@article{NewportConsortium2018,
author = {{Newport Consortium}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/NEM/AEMO/Newport{\_}Intl{\_}Review{\_}of{\_}DER{\_}Coordination{\_}for{\_}AEMO{\_}final{\_}report.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources; International System Architecture Insights for Future Market Design}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Bistline2019,
abstract = {This paper explores how enhanced flexibility through lower minimum load levels (also called "turndown" limits) for coal- and natural-gas-fired power plants can impact operations and profitability. Using soft-linked capacity planning and unit commitment models, this research examines the economic value of this flexibility and variation across different regions, generation asset types, and market environments (e.g., level of renewable deployment). Model results suggest that lower minimum loads are most valuable for mid-merit units with intermediate capacity factors, policy conditions that rearrange the merit order (e.g., carbon pricing), regions and scenarios without seasonal layup of assets, and units that are more flexible than generators with otherwise similar characteristics. Lower minimum loads can increase operating hours, increase net revenues, and decrease startups and long-run maintenance costs. The scenarios in this analysis show that plant flexibility affects operations more than annual profitability, which may have a higher system value for integrating renewables than a private value for the flexible unit. For many plants, the modest changes in net revenues with lower minimums mean that the focus will likely be on making operational modifications to increase flexibility rather than on capital investments. Additionally, this analysis quantifies how revenues from ancillary services markets can boost the value of lower minimum loads, especially for efficient natural gas units, but total market size and depth are uncertain.},
author = {Bistline, John E.},
doi = {10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2856887},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/value{\_}of{\_}operational{\_}flexibility.pdf:pdf},
issn = {08858950},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
keywords = {Flexible operations,economic dispatch,minimum load,renewable integration,resource planning},
number = {1},
pages = {527--534},
title = {{Turn Down for What? The Economic Value of Operational Flexibility in Electricity Markets}},
volume = {34},
year = {2019}
}
@techreport{AEMO2017,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/NEM/AEMO/AEMO{\_}Generator{\_}Technical{\_}Requirements{\_}RCP{\_}110817.pdf:pdf},
number = {August},
title = {{Electricity Rule Change Proposal: Generator Technical Requirements}},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Basu1986,
abstract = {The fundamental theorem of welfare economics, which states that, given some conditions, individual selfishness can lead to social optimality, is one of the most misused theorems in economics. Many policies are justified by citing this theorem, or rather folklore versions of it. Several technical reasons as to why the price mechanism may fail to function efficiently are well known. This paper focuses on some more basic and 'social' qualifications of the fundamental theorem. First, it is argued that the popular assumption that individuals maximise utility "everywhere" is a meaningless one; and it can precipitate the Russell paradox. It is then argued that social norms play a crucial role in the functioning of markets. Finally it is shown that social norms, customs and even political power structures can be sustained in an atomistic market through a network of interpersonal conjectures and sanctions. It has been suggested that for understanding real-life economics it is necessary to bring institutions and power relations into our formal models. The method followed in the present essay may be viewed as one way of attempting this.},
author = {Basu, Kaushik},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/Markets,{\_}Power{\_}and{\_}Social{\_}Norms.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0012-9976},
journal = {Economic and Political Weekly},
number = {43},
pages = {1893--1896},
title = {{Markets, Power and Social Norms}},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4376270},
volume = {21},
year = {1986}
}
@misc{AustralianEnergyCouncil,
author = {{Australian Energy Council}},
title = {{Vic Renewables Reverse Auction: Known knowns and some known unknowns}},
url = {https://www.energycouncil.com.au/analysis/vic-renewables-reverse-auction-known-knowns-and-some-known-unknowns/},
urldate = {2020-02-06}
}
@incollection{Wong2019,
abstract = {Power systems can be controlled by power electronic systems in order to be more flexible, reliable, and controllable. Combining information technologies, such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data, optimization operation of power networks can be possible. In this chapter, smarter solutions based on power electronic converters are introduced. Today, micro-grids and smart grids are under development. Hopefully, high-quality, renewable, stable, and reliable power and energy can be implemented to support our daily life.},
author = {Wong, Man-Chung and Lam, Chi-Seng and Wang, Lei and Choi, Wai-Hei},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00009-0},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Yet to be classified/Chapter-9---Smarter-Solutions-Based-on-Power{\_}2019{\_}Pathways-to-a-Smarter-Powe.pdf:pdf},
pages = {247--288},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Smarter Solutions Based on Power Electronics}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081025925000041},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Parag2016,
abstract = {Small-scale renewable energy systems and smart technologies are enabling energy consumers to become producers and service providers as well. This Perspective explores this ‘prosumption' phenomenon, highlighting three promising prosumer market models and the challenges for future implementation.},
author = {Parag, Yael and Sovacool, Benjamin K.},
doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2016.32},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/market{\_}design{\_}for{\_}prosumer{\_}era.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2058-7546},
journal = {Nature Energy},
number = {4},
title = {{Electricity market design for the prosumer era}},
volume = {1},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Eriksson2018,
abstract = {This study discusses synthetic inertia from the perspective of a transmission system operator and compares it to fast frequency response based on frequency deviation. A clear distinction of the meanings between these concepts is discussed, the basis of which is a description of their characteristics. A contribution and the purpose is the clarification of these concepts in addition to share the perspectives of a transmission system operator. The frequency response of a power system based on the Nordic system is examined for future scenarios with large amounts of wind power. Conclusions are drawn regarding the benefit of synthetic inertia compared with fast frequency response based on frequency deviation.},
author = {Eriksson, Robert and Modig, Niklas and Elkington, Katherine},
doi = {10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0370},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Inertia/Synthetic{\_}inertia{\_}versus{\_}fast{\_}frequency{\_}response{\_}a.pdf:pdf},
issn = {17521424},
journal = {IET Renewable Power Generation},
number = {5},
pages = {507--514},
title = {{Synthetic inertia versus fast frequency response: A definition}},
volume = {12},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Eto2018,
author = {Eto, Joseph H and Undrill, John and Roberts, Ciaran and Mackin, Peter and Ellis, Jeffrey},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Frequency{\_}Control{\_}Requirements{\_}for{\_}Reliable{\_}Interconnection{\_}Frequency{\_}Response.pdf:pdf},
number = {February},
pages = {1--116},
title = {{Frequency Control Requirements for Reliable Interconnection Frequency Response}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Vo2013,
author = {Vo, Dieu},
doi = {10.1201/b14906-4},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/Financial{\_}Products/elec9715 unit commitment - central and market approaches week 7  t1 2020 - moodle.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Artificial Intelligence in Power System Optimization},
pages = {118--231},
title = {{Unit Commitment}},
year = {2013}
}
@book{Akinkunmi2019,
abstract = {Introduction to Statistics Using R is organized into 13 major chapters. Each chapter is broken down into many digestible subsections in order to explore the objectives of the book. There are many real-life practical examples in this book and each of the examples is written in R codes to acquaint the readers with some statistical methods while simultaneously learning R scripts.},
author = {Akinkunmi, Mustapha},
booktitle = {Synthesis Lectures on Mathematics and Statistics},
doi = {10.2200/S00899ED1V01Y201902MAS024},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/An{\_}Introduction{\_}to{\_}Statistical{\_}Learning.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781681735054},
issn = {1938-1743},
keywords = {confidence interval,correlation analysis,descriptive statistics,hypothesis testing,probability distributions,regression analysis,sampling distribution},
month = {jul},
number = {4},
pages = {1--235},
title = {{Introduction to Statistics Using R}},
url = {https://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/10.2200/S00899ED1V01Y201902MAS024},
volume = {11},
year = {2019}
}
@article{AEMOSystemsCapability2015,
author = {{AEMO Systems Capability}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PFR/AEMO{\_}-{\_}Primary{\_}frequency{\_}response{\_}requirements{\_}V1.1{\_}-{\_}clean.PDF:PDF},
title = {{Primary Frequency Response Requirements}},
url = {http://www.serc1.org/docs/default-source/outreach/communications/resource-documents/serc-transmission-reference/201505---st/primary-frequency-response.pdf?sfvrsn=2},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Undrill2018,
author = {Undrill, John},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PFR/primary-response-control-of-power-system-frequency-undrill.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory},
keywords = {Primary Frequency Response and Control of Power Sy},
number = {February},
title = {{Primary Frequency Response and Control of Power System Frequency}},
year = {2018}
}
@misc{CleanEnergyRegulator,
author = {{Clean Energy Regulator}},
title = {{NGERS Reporting thresholds}},
url = {http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/NGER/Reporting-cycle/Assess-your-obligations/Reporting-thresholds},
urldate = {2020-02-06}
}
@book{MacGill2013,
abstract = {The Australian National Electricity Market is widely considered a successful example of electricity industry restructuring. It has delivered reliable electricity supply with apparent economic efficiency gains over the former monopoly utility arrangements, and in the context of significant industry challenges including peak demand growth and a changing generation mix. However, to date it has largely failed in reducing greenhouse emissions although this was an explicit target of public policy when restructuring initially commenced. This chapter explores the reasons for this divergent performance and possible options to address it. While commonly ascribed to a lack of political will, restructuring itself has also created difficulties for effective climate action through a narrow economic focus that resulted in: the creation of large politically powerful market incumbents opposed in many cases to improved environmental outcomes, retail market arrangements encouraging competition in energy sales rather than in efficient provision of desired energy services, and poor governance of external climate policies. There are also more fundamental challenges with the current market framework that will need to be addressed for low-carbon industry transformation. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author = {MacGill, Iain and Healy, Stephen},
booktitle = {Evolution of Global Electricity Markets: New Paradigms, New Challenges, New Approaches},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-397891-2.00020-1},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/Lessons from Australian Restructuring and Climate Policy.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780123978912},
keywords = {Australian National Electricity Market,Climate change,Environmental regulation,Micro-economic reform},
pages = {615--644},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Is Electricity Industry Reform the Right Answer to the Wrong Question? Lessons from Australian Restructuring and Climate Policy}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397891-2.00020-1},
year = {2013}
}
@misc{OpenElectrical,
author = {{Open Electrical}},
title = {{Droop Control}},
url = {https://wiki.openelectrical.org/index.php?title=Droop{\_}Control},
urldate = {2020-02-07}
}
@article{Waterson2017,
abstract = {This paper accepts the widespread view that as electricity generation systems transition towards a greater proportion of renewables provision, there will be an increasing need for storage facilities. However, it differs from most such studies in contrasting the private incentives of a storage operator with the public desirability of bulk storage. A key factor in the context of a market such as Britain, where renewable energy largely means wind generation, is the nature of wind generation itself. The problem of wind's high variance and intermittent nature is explored. It is argued that not only is there a missing money and a missing market issue in providing secure energy supplies, there is also a missing informational issue. A key opportunity for new storage is participation in a capacity market, if the setting is right.},
author = {Waterson, Michael},
doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.025},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/characteristics{\_}storage,{\_}markets,{\_}renewables.pdf:pdf},
issn = {03014215},
journal = {Energy Policy},
keywords = {Capacity auctions,Electricity storage,Inter-temporal arbitrage,Renewable generation},
number = {January},
pages = {466--473},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{The characteristics of electricity storage, renewables and markets}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.025},
volume = {104},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Thorncraft2007,
abstract = {Electrical energy is transmitted from supply-side equipment to end-use equipment almost instantaneously and in accordance with physical laws. This is facilitated by the deployment of ancillary services that maintain the availability and quality of the electricity being supplied, thereby reducing the likelihood of an expensive supply interruption. Ancillary services play an important role in restructured electricity industries because they enable the commercial transactions of an electricity spot market to be implemented. In order to establish competitive arrangements for the sourcing, pricing, deployment and cost-recovery of ancillary services, issues including the formal specification of the services, the design of commercial decision-making mechanisms and the implementation of interfaces between commercial and technical processes must be addressed. This paper describes how these issues are addressed in the Australian National Electricity Market, reviews the outcomes to date and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the arrangements. {\textcopyright} 2007 IEEE.},
author = {Thorncraft, S. R. and Outhred, H. R.},
doi = {10.1109/PES.2007.385855},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/FCAS/FCAS{\_}NEM{\_}FINAL-stuartjune.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1424412986},
journal = {2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, PES},
keywords = {Ancillary services,Australian National Electricity Market,Electricity market,Frequency control},
title = {{Experience with market-based ancillary services in the Australian National Electricity Market}},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Science2017a,
author = {Science, Management},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/A{\_}Dynamic{\_}Programming{\_}Model{\_}for{\_}the{\_}Expansion{\_}of{\_}Electric{\_}Power{\_}Systems.pdf:pdf},
number = {4},
pages = {656--664},
title = {{A Dynamic Programming Model for the Expansion of Electric Power Systems Author ( s ): E . R . Petersen Source : Management Science , Vol . 20 , No . 4 , Application Series , Part 2 , Management Science Published by : INFORMS Stable URL : http://www.jstor.}},
volume = {20},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Puschel-Lovengreen2018,
abstract = {There is increasing concern about the security implications of running a low-inertia power system resulting from the extensive penetration of variable renewable energy sources that are connected through power electronic interface. In this context, this paper focuses on the analysis of frequency response adequacy of the power system operated by National Electricity Market (NEM) in Australia. Frequency response adequacy refers to the capability of a given portfolio of resources to maintain the frequency excursion characteristics within certain limits following a contingency event. Analysis for both generation and transmission contingencies events is conducted, with reference to the whole NEM and to South Australia as specific case studies. The analysis aims to provide clear insights into the relation between system inertia, frequency control ancillary services (FCAS), and the maximum allowed limits of the frequency excursion after contingency. To this end, specific frequency response security maps are introduced as a tool to represent the frequency excursion limits on a primary frequency response vs inertia chart. Several system conditions are studied, with results illustrating fundamental system limits with regards to secure operation, as well as exemplifying potential ways to reduce the frequency stability risk of the future NEM.},
author = {P{\"{u}}schel-Lovengreen, Sebasti{\'{a}}n and Mancarella, Pierluigi},
doi = {10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282404},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/FCAS/Mapping{\_}frequency{\_}response{\_}adequacy{\_}of{\_}the{\_}NEM.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781538626474},
journal = {2017 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2017},
keywords = {National Electricity Market (NEM),Power system security,frequency control,frequency response security maps,low-inertia power systems,primary frequency response},
pages = {1--6},
title = {{Mapping the frequency response adequacy of the Australian national electricity market}},
volume = {2017-Novem},
year = {2018}
}
@book{Dehghanian2019,
abstract = {Traditional power system protection principles, schemes, and technologies are continuously being challenged by the proliferation of highly distributed stochastic renewable energy sources (RES). In the presence of such massive penetrations of intermittencies and uncertainties in the electricity grid, the dependability and security of the protection systems may be compromised. To address these challenges, it calls for new adaptive techniques, transformative mindsets, and advanced technologies for the secure, resilient, affordable, and dependable protection systems in the electric grids of the future. This chapter overviews and discusses the protection challenges of the massively RES-integrated transmission systems, distribution systems, and microgrids and also offers the possible solutions that can help realize a robust, adaptive, and yet affordable protection schemes in smart grids.},
author = {Dehghanian, Payman and Wang, Bo and Tasdighi, Mohammad},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00011-9},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dehghanian, Wang, Tasdighi - 2019 - New Protection Schemes in Smarter Power Grids With Higher Penetration of Renewable Energy Systems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
keywords = {Dependability,Distributed energy resource (DER),Microgrid protection,Protection schemes,Relay coordination,Relay setting,Renewable energy source (RES),Security},
pages = {317--342},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{New Protection Schemes in Smarter Power Grids With Higher Penetration of Renewable Energy Systems}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00011-9},
year = {2019}
}
@article{FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionFERC2018,
author = {{Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PFR/FERC{\_}Order{\_}842{\_}MPFR{\_}new{\_}generation.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Docket No. RM16-6-000,Order No. 842},
number = {842},
pages = {199},
title = {{Order No. 842: Essential Reliability Services and the Evolving Bulk-Power System—Primary Frequency Response}},
url = {https://www.ferc.gov/whats-new/comm-meet/2018/021518/E-2.pdf},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Anaya2018,
author = {Anaya, Karim L and Pollitt, Michael G},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Reactive{\_}Power/Reactive{\_}Power{\_}Management{\_}and{\_}Procurement{\_}Mechanisms{\_}{\_}Lessons{\_}for{\_}the{\_}Power{\_}Potential{\_}Project.pdf:pdf},
journal = {National Grid},
number = {June},
title = {{Reactive Power Management and Procurement Mechanisms : Lessons for the Power Potential Project}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Obaid2019,
abstract = {Integration of more renewable energy resources introduces a challenge in frequency control of future power systems. This paper reviews and evaluates the possible challenges and the new control methods of frequency in future power systems. Different types of loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) are reviewed. A model representation of a population of the water heater devices for the demand side frequency response is considered. A model representation of a population of battery energy storage system (BESS)-based DERs such as smart electric vehicles (EVs) charging, large-scale BESSs, and residential and non-residential BESSs, are highlighted. The simplified Great Britain power system and the 14-machine South-East Australian power system were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new methods in controlling power system frequency following a disturbance. These new methods are effective in recovering the fallen frequency response and present a great potential in controlling the frequency in future power systems.},
author = {Obaid, Zeyad Assi and Cipcigan, Liana M. and Abrahim, Lahieb and Muhssin, Mazin T.},
doi = {10.1007/s40565-018-0441-1},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/OBAID2019{\_}Article{\_}FrequencyControlOfFuturePowerS.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21965420},
journal = {Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy},
keywords = {Battery energy storage system (BESS),Demand side response,Distributed energy resource (DER),Electric vehicle,Frequency control,Home-based BESS,Large-scale BESS aggregation,Markov chain},
number = {1},
pages = {9--25},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
title = {{Frequency control of future power systems: reviewing and evaluating challenges and new control methods}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-018-0441-1},
volume = {7},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Ibrahim2019,
author = {Ibrahim, Hussein and Rezkallah, Miloud and Ghandour, Mazen and Chandra, Ambrish},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00003-x},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ibrahim et al. - 2019 - Energy Storage in Smart Grids.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
keywords = {Energy storage technology,Performance testing,Smart grids},
pages = {67--87},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{Energy Storage in Smart Grids}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00003-X},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Riesz2015,
abstract = {FCAS markets offer three features that may reduce costs and facilitate the integration of larger quantities of variable renewables, such as wind and solar photovoltaics. These have been successfully implemented in the Australian National Electricity Market and may serve as an effective model for other electricity systems.},
author = {Riesz, Jenny and Gilmore, Joel and MacGill, Iain},
doi = {10.1016/j.tej.2015.03.006},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/FCAS/fcas{\_}market{\_}design.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10406190},
journal = {Electricity Journal},
number = {3},
pages = {86--99},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Frequency control ancillary service market design: Insights from the australian national electricity market}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2015.03.006},
volume = {28},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Akrami2019a,
abstract = {Power systems are evolving to the networks with proliferated penetration of renewable energy resources to leverage their environmental and economic advantages. However, due to the stochastic nature of renewables, the management of the rapidly increasing uncertainty and variability in power system planning and operation is of crucial significance. This paper represents a comprehensive overview of power system flexibility as an effective way to maintain the power balance at every moment. Definitions of power system flexibility from various aspects are explained to reach the reliable and economic planning and operation of the power system. The effects of the high penetration of variable energy resources on power systems and the evolution of flexibility in response to renewables are studied. A variety of resources during the flexibility evolutionary transition are introduced and discussed. As an influential flexibility solution in current power systems integrated with renewable resources, market design improvement is widely reviewed in this paper, and required modifications in market design mechanisms are investigated pertaining to various time horizons.},
author = {Akrami, Alireza and Doostizadeh, Meysam and Aminifar, Farrokh},
doi = {10.1007/s40565-019-0527-4},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/power{\_}system{\_}flexibility{\_}{\_}emergence{\_}to{\_}evolution.pdf:pdf},
issn = {21965420},
journal = {Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy},
keywords = {Ancillary services,Electricity market design,Power system flexibility,Renewable energy resources},
number = {5},
pages = {987--1007},
publisher = {Springer Singapore},
title = {{Power system flexibility: an overview of emergence to evolution}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-019-0527-4},
volume = {7},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Perera2020,
abstract = {Climate induced extreme weather events and weather variations will affect both the demand of energy and the resilience of energy supply systems. The specific potential impact of extreme events on energy systems has been difficult to quantify due to the unpredictability of future weather events. Here we develop a stochastic-robust optimization method to consider both low impact variations and extreme events. Applications of the method to 30 cities in Sweden, by considering 13 climate change scenarios, reveal that uncertainties in renewable energy potential and demand can lead to a significant performance gap (up to 34{\%} for grid integration) brought by future climate variations and a drop in power supply reliability (up to 16{\%}) due to extreme weather events. Appropriate quantification of the climate change impacts will ensure robust operation of the energy systems and enable renewable energy penetration above 30{\%} for a majority of the cities.},
author = {Perera, A. T.D. and Nik, Vahid M. and Chen, Deliang and Scartezzini, Jean Louis and Hong, Tianzhen},
doi = {10.1038/s41560-020-0558-0},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Climate{\_}Change{\_}{\&}{\_}Energy/quantifying{\_}climate{\_}change{\_}and{\_}extreme{\_}weather{\_}on{\_}energy{\_}systems.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20587546},
journal = {Nature Energy},
number = {February},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Quantifying the impacts of climate change and extreme climate events on energy systems}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0558-0},
volume = {5},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bielen2003,
abstract = {A major contribution from the economics of regulatory practice in electricity markets is the usefulness of marginal cost pricing. In recent years, expanded supply of low cost natural gas, increased energy efficiency, growing market penetration of renewable electricity sources, and substantial reserve margins have contributed to low prices reflecting low marginal costs in wholesale energy and capacity markets. These low prices have placed some existing generation assets at financial risk and altered incentives for new investment. While low prices should indicate ample generation capacity, some observers fear they fail to represent the long run scarcity value of electricity and thereby undermine resource adequacy. This paper explores four paradigms for the future of the electricity sector in a low marginal cost world, including traditional cost of service, energy-only power markets, energy plus capacity payment mechanisms, and new relationships between providers and consumers on an energy platform. These paradigms are evaluated for their ability to achieve efficient long-run outcomes in the industry and other criteria.},
author = {Bielen, David and Burtraw, Dallas and Palmer, Karen and Steinberg, Daniel},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/power{\_}markets{\_}in{\_}a{\_}low{\_}marginal{\_}cost{\_}world.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {cost of service,electricity markets, wholesale, retail, regulation,market design,platform,regulation,retail,wholesale},
pages = {39},
title = {{The Future of Power Markets in a Low Marginal Cost World}},
url = {www.rff.org},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Prescottb,
author = {Prescott, S W and Bao, J and Bequette, B W},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/Stability{\_}Analysis/Types{\_}and{\_}Processes{\_}for{\_}Modelling{\_}(Part2).pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--16},
title = {{Part 2 : Model Development}}
}
@article{AustnetServices2018,
author = {{Austnet Services}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Networks/Networks{\_}101-Customer{\_}Forum.pdf:pdf},
number = {March},
title = {{Electricity Networks Empowering your energy future}},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Pierce2018a,
author = {Pierce, Mr John},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PFR/Advice{\_}from{\_}AEMO{\_}-{\_}Primary{\_}frequency{\_}control.PDF:PDF},
number = {March},
title = {{Aemc Frequency Control Frameworks Review-Aemo Advice.Docx}},
url = {https://www.aemo.com.au/-},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Seneviratne2016a,
abstract = {This paper provides an updated review of the literature on the power system frequency response due to a large generator loss with the increasing penetrations of wind and PV generations. At present, these wind/PV generators continue to increase their visibility as a source of cleaner electricity generation, and play a significant role in the electricity market's energy plans. Along with the increasing levels of wind/PV penetration in power system networks, there is an increasing concern over the network frequency response especially under the loss of a large synchronous generator. It is widely agreed upon that the frequency response has become more susceptible with the increase of wind/PV generation due to the lack of inertial support from these generators. This paper aims to review the recent literature into the system frequency response in the likelihood of the sudden loss of a large conventional generator with the increasing penetration of wind/PV generation. This literature review attests that existing primary control support schemes may not provide adequate frequency support for some networks with an increase of wind/PV generation. The prominent finding is that system operators do not have access to any specific tool that would allow them to determine the required frequency support on a real-time basis.},
author = {Seneviratne, Chinthaka and Ozansoy, C.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.051},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Inverter-connected/review{\_}-{\_}frequency{\_}response{\_}after{\_}large{\_}generator{\_}loss{\_}-{\_}wind{\_}and{\_}soalr.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18790690},
journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},
keywords = {Frequency nadir,Frequency response,Governor response time,Headroom,Inertia,ROCOF},
pages = {659--668},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Frequency response due to a large generator loss with the increasing penetration of wind/PV generation - A literature review}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.051},
volume = {57},
year = {2016}
}
@article{WorldEconomicForum2019,
abstract = {Will the global energy transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy be gradual or rapid? This key issue for the 2020s has profound implications for governments, energy producers, technology providers as well as industrial and private consumers. But, more importantly, the difference between a gradual and rapid transition will determine the climate future of humanity. A gradual transition will mean that the goals of the Paris Agreement will be badly missed. A rapid transition will give humanity a chance to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and keep temperature well below 2 degrees Celsius. Intending to both inform and spark further debate, this White Paper compares the two transition scenarios for our energy future, setting out two clearly different narratives. The Gradual narrative is that the energy world of tomorrow will look roughly the same as that of today – implying that the global energy system has an inertia incompatible with the Paris Agreement. The Rapid narrative is that current and new clean energy technologies are rapidly supplying all the growth in energy demand and together with new policies will reshape markets, business models and patterns of consumption leading to a peak in fossil fuel demand in the course of the 2020s. Whether the world will follow a path of a gradual or rapid transition will also make a significant difference to business across the energy spectrum. The rapid transition will bring new opportunities but the need to adapt to faster change will be greater. While the global energy system and the factors that impact it are more complex than any scenario or narrative can capture, this paper builds on different existing scenarios and summarizes the main ways in which they differ. It also highlights what to look for over the course of the next decade to see which narrative plays out. The Global Future Council on Energy 2018-2020 strives to inform the debate and decisions for the near- and long-term energy future. While acknowledging lead authors Kingsmill Bond, New Energy Strategist, Carbon Tracker Initiative; Angus McCrone, Chief Editor, BloombergNEF; and Jules Kortenhorst, Chief Executive Officer, Rocky Mountain Institute, this White Paper includes significant input and insights from our Council (see the list of members at the end of the paper). The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are the result of a collaborative process facilitated by the World Economic Forum, but they do not necessarily represent the views of the Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders, nor the individual Global Future Council members listed as contributors, or their organizations.},
author = {{World Economic Forum}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Climate{\_}Change{\_}{\&}{\_}Energy/WEF{\_}the{\_}speed{\_}of{\_}the{\_}energy{\_}transition.pdf:pdf},
number = {September},
pages = {32},
title = {{The Speed of the Energy Transition Gradual or Rapid Change ?}},
url = {https://www.weforum.org/whitepapers/the-speed-of-the-energy-transition},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Grainger1994,
author = {Grainger, John J. and {Stevenson Jr. William D.}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/PowerSystems/pdf{\_}textbooks/power systems stevenson grainger:},
title = {{Power Systems Analysis}},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Dorsch2019,
abstract = {Challenged by the transition towards renewable energy generation, new Smart Grid concepts require reliable wide area monitoring, protection, and control. Adequate information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructures need to provide high (temporal and spatial) availability, robustness against network failures and interfering background traffic, real-time capability, and security against cyber-attacks. While existing ICT network infrastructures can only partially fulfill challenging Smart Grid requirements, recent developments in the context of 5G networks and the Internet of Things technologies address open issues, such as the provisioning of strict service guarantees in terms of availability, reliability, and real-time capability. Building on software-defined networking and network function virtualization, 5G-based network slicing and edge computing form the basis for high performance ICT infrastructures for Smart Grids.},
author = {Dorsch, Nils and B{\"{o}}cker, Stefan and Wietfeld, Christian},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00012-0},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dorsch, B{\"{o}}cker, Wietfeld - 2019 - ICT Requirements and Recent Developments.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
journal = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
pages = {343--369},
title = {{ICT Requirements and Recent Developments}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Pikk2013,
abstract = {Led by energy and environmental policies the EU power sector is undergoing vast changes to achieve a market driven and sustainable future. Market based price discovery and different renewable support schemes are seen as key solutions in achieving the desired future production mix. Most liquid power markets use marginal cost based price discovery where the price is set by marginal costs of the last producer needed to cover all load, usually a fossil fuel power plant. At the same time the majority of new investments are made with significant help from government support schemes in renewable production capacities, which have very low marginal costs. The increasing share of renewable production will thus impact price levels in day-ahead markets. This paper analyses the potential impact of more renewable electricity production on price discovery in the NordPool Spot market, which already has a high share of renewable electricity traded. Results show that ceteris paribus NordPool Spot is likely to have very high price volatility in the future and alternative revenue sources are required for new investments.},
author = {Pikk, Peeter and Viiding, Marko},
doi = {10.1080/1406099X.2013.10840525},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/The{\_}dangers{\_}of{\_}marginal{\_}cost{\_}based{\_}electricity{\_}pricing.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1406099X},
journal = {Baltic Journal of Economics},
keywords = {Electricity price,Marginal cost,NordPool,Renewable energy},
number = {1},
pages = {49--62},
title = {{The dangers of marginal cost based electricity pricing}},
volume = {13},
year = {2013}
}
@article{King2018,
abstract = {Australian lithium ion battery (LIB) waste is growing at a rate of over 20 {\%} per annum as a direct response to the increasing demand and uptake of portable and rechargeable electronic equipment and electric vehicles. In 2016, 3,300 tonnes of LIB waste was generated but only 2 {\%} of this was collected and exported for offshore recycling. LIB waste generation is forecasted to grow to between 100,000 to 188,000 tonnes by 2036. Unfortunately, the majority of Australian LIB waste is disposed of in landfill, which has undesirable environmental and human health implications.},
author = {King, Sarah and Boxall, Naomi J and Bhatt, Anand I},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Storage/Lithium-battery-recycling-in-Australia.PDF:PDF;:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/King, Boxall, Bhatt - 2018 - Lithium battery recycling in Australia.pdf:pdf},
number = {April},
title = {{Lithium battery recycling in Australia}},
url = {https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/EF/Areas/Energy-storage/Battery-recycling},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Montgomery2008,
abstract = {Welcome to the first course in the STEP series, Siemens Technical Education Program designed to prepare our distributors to sell Siemens Energy {\&} Automation products more effectively. This course covers Basics of Electricity and is designed to prepare you for subsequent courses on Siemens Energy {\&} Automation products.},
author = {Montgomery, Ross and McDowall, Robert},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-055233-0.00002-9},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Transmission/Basics{\_}of{\_}Electrical{\_}Power{\_}Flow{\_}on{\_}AC.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Fundamentals of HVAC Control Systems},
pages = {30--60},
title = {{Basics of Electricity}},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Banks2017a,
abstract = {The growth of non-synchronous variable renewable energy generation poses new operational challenges for the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). One such challenge is managing grid frequency as power system inertia falls. Inertia is a property of a power system provided by rotating masses in generators and loads which are coupled to the system's electrical frequency. Coal, gas and hydro generators provide inertia to the NEM but wind and photovoltaic (PV) generators do not. Inertia is a valuable property because it lowers the rates of change of frequency (RoCoF) the power system experiences. Inertia acts against frequency disturbances caused by contingencies, such as the sudden loss of a large thermal plant, instantaneously, automatically and proportionally, hence reducing RoCoF and assisting in frequency restoration. With the prospect of falling inertia and hence higher RoCoF as wind and PV penetrations grow, an important issue for the NEM is whether its present regulatory frameworks ensure sufficient frequency control in the very short term. The NEM's current frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) include 6 second, 60 second and 5 minute contingency markets. In the future, additional measures for procurement of inertia or alternative fast frequency response resources with response times in the order of 1 second may be necessary to secure the power system. The study presented in this paper explores procurement of such resources through market arrangements with a dynamic requirement for total system inertia. A unit commitment model is used to simulate NEM dispatch in MATLAB with differing penetrations of wind and PV generation and a dynamically set requirement for total system inertia. In some modelling scenarios, in addition to synchronous generators, inertia may be sourced from devices such as synchronous condensers. The study also considers synthetic inertia from wind generators as a potential resource for providing fast frequency response. A number of mechanisms for recovering the costs of payments for inertia are also modelled. This study provides new insights into the potential impacts of market-based approaches to deliver inertia or very fast frequency response. In particular, the costs of inertia can be reduced by: 1. Allowing synthetic inertia from wind generators to be bid into inertia markets. 2. Installation of synchronous condensers. 3. Increasing the system's allowable RoCoF. 4. Using a cost recovery mechanism that penalises generators in proportion to their relative requirement for tight frequency controls. These results suggest that commercial frameworks that accommodate a variety of existing and emerging technologies are likely to be most suitable for the NEM in a high renewable energy future.},
author = {Banks, James and Bruce, Anna and Macgill, Iain},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Inertia/FinalDraftwithPeerReviewedStamp.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Solar Research Conference},
number = {January 2018},
title = {{Fast Frequency Response Markets for High Renewable Energy Penetrations in the Future Australian NEM}},
url = {http://www.ceem.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/024{\_}J-Banks{\_}DI{\_}Peer-reviewed.pdf},
year = {2017}
}
@article{AustralianEnergyMarketOperator.2010,
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/Intro{\_}to{\_}Australias{\_}NEM.pdf:pdf},
number = {July},
title = {{An introduction to australia's national electricity market}},
year = {2010}
}
@techreport{AEMO2019c,
author = {AEMO},
booktitle = {Foreign Affairs},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PFR/Rule{\_}Change{\_}Proposal{\_}-{\_}Mandatory{\_}PFR.pdf:pdf},
number = {5},
title = {{Electricity RCP - Mandatory Primary Frequency Response}},
volume = {91},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Bazilian2013,
abstract = {This paper briefly considers the recent dramatic reductions in the underlying costs and market prices of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and their implications for decision-makers. In many cases, current PV costs and the associated market and technological shifts witnessed in the industry have not been fully noted by decision-makers. The perception persists that PV is prohibitively expensive, and still has not reached 'competitiveness'. The authors find that the commonly used analytical comparators for PV vis a vis other power generation options may add further confusion. In order to help dispel existing misconceptions, some level of transparency is provided on the assumptions, inputs and parameters in calculations relating to the economics of PV. The paper is aimed at informing policy makers, utility decision-makers, investors and advisory services, in particular in high-growth developing countries, as they weigh the suite of power generation options available to them. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
author = {Bazilian, Morgan and Onyeji, Ijeoma and Liebreich, Michael and MacGill, Ian and Chase, Jennifer and Shah, Jigar and Gielen, Dolf and Arent, Doug and Landfear, Doug and Zhengrong, Shi},
doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.029},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Economics/2012-05-16{\_}-{\_}Re-considering{\_}the{\_}economics{\_}of{\_}photovoltaic{\_}power,{\_}a{\_}co-authored{\_}White{\_}Paper{\_}on{\_}PV{\_}economics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09601481},
journal = {Renewable Energy},
keywords = {Energy economics,Energy policy,Photovoltaics},
pages = {329--338},
title = {{Re-considering the economics of photovoltaic power}},
volume = {53},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Macgill2020,
author = {Macgill, Iain and Zekulich, Max and Bruce, Anna},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PES{\_}Paper{\_}market{\_}norms{\_}resub{\_}fnl{\_}a4.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Electricity market norms vs power system norms : the example of Primary Frequency Response in the Australian National Electricity Market}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Muljadi2012,
abstract = {The objective of this paper is to analyze and quantify the inertia and frequency responses of wind power plants with different wind turbine technologies (particularly those of fixed speed, variable slip with rotor-resistance controls, and variable speed with vector controls). The fundamental theory, the operating range, and the modifications needed for the wind turbine to contribute to the inertial and primary frequency response during the frequency drop will be presented in this paper. We will demonstrate practical approaches to allow variable slip and speed wind turbines to contribute inertia to the host power system grid. The approaches are based on the inclusion of frequency error and the rate of change of frequency signals in the torque control loop and pitch control actions for wind speeds below and above its rated value. Detailed simulation models in the time domain will be conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the approaches. {\textcopyright} 2012 IEEE.},
author = {Muljadi, E. and Gevorgian, V. and Singh, M. and Santoso, S.},
doi = {10.1109/PEMWA.2012.6316361},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Inverter-connected/Understanding{\_}Inertial{\_}and{\_}Frequency{\_}Response{\_}of{\_}Wind{\_}Power{\_}Plants.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781467311298},
journal = {PEMWA 2012 - 2012 IEEE Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications},
keywords = {frequency response,governor response,inertial response,wind turbine},
number = {July},
title = {{Understanding inertial and frequency response of wind power plants}},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Jorgenson2019,
author = {Jorgenson, Jennie and Denholm, Paul and Jorgenson, Jennie and Denholm, Paul},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/PFR/Modelling{\_}PFR{\_}for{\_}Grid{\_}Studies{\_}-{\_}NREL.pdf:pdf},
number = {January},
title = {{Modeling Primary Frequency Response for Grid Studies}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Hartmann2019,
abstract = {Decrease of rotational mass in modern power systems is a common experience of system operators around the world. The increasing penetration of variable renewable energy production and thus the use of power converters are fundamentally changing the dynamic behaviour of the power system. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview on the latest advancements of system operators regarding the analysis and mitigation of the reducing inertia. The theoretical background of power system stability and the calculation of the rate of frequency change are introduced to highlight the importance and the weaknesses of certain metrics used by system operators. Specific operational experiences are compared based on peak load and the nature of the systems. Possible responses by system operators which are discussed in the paper include synchronous and synthetic (emulated) inertia, other technical alternatives (virtual synchronous machines, adaptive load-shedding schemes), and market-based solutions. Besides summarising the advantages and disadvantages of those, grey areas of regulation and market structure are highlighted to facilitate forward-thinking.},
author = {Hartmann, B{\'{a}}lint and Vokony, Istv{\'{a}}n and T{\'{a}}czi, Istv{\'{a}}n},
doi = {10.1002/2050-7038.12128},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/Inertia/effects{\_}of{\_}decreasing{\_}inertia{\_}and{\_}marketisation.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20507038},
journal = {International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems},
keywords = {frequency response,power system inertia,synthetic inertia},
number = {12},
pages = {1--14},
title = {{Effects of decreasing synchronous inertia on power system dynamics—Overview of recent experiences and marketisation of services}},
volume = {29},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Moutis2019,
abstract = {The changing landscape of modern power systems is characterized by the deregulation of the energy markets and the rapid growth in numbers and diversity of the actors and assets incorporated to the grid. The roles and the aims of the involved stakeholders and the responsibilities of the system and market operators require that the control of the power system can respond reliably and efficiently to the new status. This chapter reviews the five main characteristics that modern power system control should have, in order to best serve the power system integrity and operation, while ensuring the fair treatment of all parties involved.},
author = {Moutis, Panayiotis and Amini, M. Hadi and Khan, Irfan Ahmad and He, Guannan and Mohammadi, Javad and Kar, Soummya and Whitacre, Jay},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00010-7},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moutis et al. - 2019 - A Survey of Recent Developments and Requirements for Modern Power System Control.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
keywords = {Adaptive control,Classic control,Deregulation,Distributed generation,Energy markets,Flexibility,Hardware advances,Operators,Robustness,Scalability},
pages = {289--316},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{A Survey of Recent Developments and Requirements for Modern Power System Control}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00010-7},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Martins2019,
abstract = {Smart grid developments offer a new perspective within active distribution networks. Advanced metering infrastructure is a key component of the smart grid ecosystem, integrating software and hardware components, data management, monitoring systems, and smart meters. Smart meters already play a key role in the transition from traditional to smart grid and tough challenges are being presented to them. The unbundled smart meter is a specific architecture that simultaneously combines metrology features and high flexibility within smart meters. The unbundled smart meter is a meter systematization where smart meter functionalities are adequately grouped in two separate, unbundled, components: the smart metrology meter and the smart meter extension. This chapter explains the advantages of the unbundled smart meter concept and describes its main features, such as smart grid compatibility, communication, data security, local processing, data models, resiliency, and immunity.},
author = {Martins, Jo{\~{a}}o F. and Pronto, Anabela Gon{\c{c}}alves and Delgado-Gomes, Vasco and Sanduleac, Mihai},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00004-1},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Martins et al. - 2019 - Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
journal = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
pages = {89--114},
title = {{Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure}},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Prescott,
author = {Prescott, S W and Bao, J and Bequette, B W},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/Stability{\_}Analysis/Phase{\_}Plane{\_}Analysis{\_}(Part4).pdf:pdf},
pages = {1--11},
title = {{Part 4 : Phase Plane Analysis}}
}
@article{Undrill2019,
author = {Undrill, J},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Frequency/International{\_}Expert{\_}Advice{\_}-{\_}Notes{\_}on{\_}frequency{\_}control{\_}for{\_}AEMO.pdf:pdf},
number = {August},
title = {{Notes on Frequency Control for the Australian Energy Market Operator}},
year = {2019}
}
@techreport{EnergyNetworksAustralia2017,
author = {{Energy Networks Australia} and CSIRO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Networks/electricity{\_}network{\_}transformation{\_}roadmap{\_}final{\_}report.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Electricity Network Transformation Roadmap: FInal Report}},
year = {2017}
}
@book{Connor2019,
abstract = {The creation of smarter electricity systems is driven by a number of social, political and economic imperatives. It is simultaneously enabled by and contributing to rapid technological change. Key socio-economic challenges include issues of policy and regulation, such as maintaining physical network infrastructure at a time when regulated revenues are dwindling. Fundamentally, however, an electricity system exists solely to serve a social function, and without the “engagement”—be it consent, buy-in, or active leadership—of the people who interact with the system, the barriers to smart grids are likely insurmountable. While “smarter” consumer responsiveness to prices and access to data about consumption patterns can reduce overall costs, real questions remain unanswered about the role of citizens and what they need what they want, and what they will permit.},
author = {Connor, Peter and Fitch-Roy, Oscar},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00014-4},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Connor, Fitch-Roy - 2019 - The Socio-Economic Challenges of Smart Grids.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
keywords = {Data privacy,Energy citizens,Energy prices,Energy regulation,Utility death spiral},
pages = {397--413},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{The Socio-Economic Challenges of Smart Grids}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00014-4},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Bird2014,
abstract = {Curtailment is a reduction in the output of a generator from what it could otherwise produce given available resources, typically on an involuntary basis. Curtailment of generation has been a normal occurrence since the beginning of the electric power industry. However, owners of wind and solar generation, which have no fuel costs, are concerned about the impacts of curtailment on project economics. Operator-induced curtailment typically occurs because of transmission congestion or lack of transmission access, but it can occur for a variety of other reasons, such as excess generation during low load periods, voltage, or interconnection issues. Market-based protocols that dispatch generation based on economics can also result in wind and solar energy plants generating less than what they could potentially produce. This report examines U.S. curtailment practices regarding wind and solar generation, with a particular emphasis on utilities in the western states. The information presented here is based on a series of interviews conducted with utilities, system operators, wind energy developers, and other stakeholders. The report provides case studies of curtailment experience and examines the reasons for curtailment, procedures, compensation, and practices that can minimize curtailment. Key findings include: • In the largest markets for wind power, the amount of curtailment appears to be declining even as the amount of wind power on the system increases. Curtailment levels have generally been 4{\%} or less of wind generation in regions where curtailment has occurred. Many utilities in the western states report negligible levels of curtailment. The most common reasons for curtailment are insufficient transmission and local congestion and excessive supply during low load periods. • Definitions of curtailment and data availability vary. Understanding curtailment levels can be complicated by relatively new market-based protocols or programs that dispatch wind down or limit wind generation to schedules and the lack of uniformity in data collection. • Compensation and contract terms are changing as curtailment becomes of greater concern to solar and wind plant owners. Increasingly there are negotiated contract provisions addressing use of curtailment hours and there is greater explicit sharing of risk between the generator and off-taker. • Automation can reduce curtailment levels. Manual curtailment processes can extend curtailment periods because of the time needed for implementation and hesitancy to release units from curtailment orders. • Market solutions that base dispatch levels on economics offer the advantages of creating transparency and automation in curtailment procedures, which apply equally to all generators. • Curtailed wind and solar resources may provide ancillary services to aid in system operations. • A variety of solutions is being used to reduce curtailments: transmission expansion and interconnection upgrades; operational changes such as forecasting and increased automation of signaling; and better management of reserves and generation.},
author = {Bird, Lori and Cochran, Jaquelin and Wang, Xi},
doi = {10.2172/1126842},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/High{\_}Renewable{\_}Penetration/wind{\_}and{\_}solar{\_}curtailment{\_}us{\_}experience{\_}nrel.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {NREL/TP-6A20-60983},
issn = {10901574},
journal = {National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)},
keywords = {March 2014,NREL/TP-6A20-60983,curtailment,solar,wind},
number = {March},
pages = {58},
title = {{Wind and Solar Energy Curtailment: Experience and Practices in the United States}},
url = {http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1126842/},
year = {2014}
}
@misc{CleanEnergyRegulator,
author = {{Clean Energy Regulator}},
title = {{When does the Renewable Energy Target end?}},
url = {http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/RET/Pages/About the Renewable Energy Target/When-does-the-Renewable-Energy-Target-end.aspx},
urldate = {2020-02-06}
}
@book{Adefarati2019,
abstract = {ABSTRACT The energy needs of the global population are changing rapidly based on the smart grid technologies, power requirements of each country, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation, and the policies to reduce the number of people without access to electricity. The public concern regarding a clean energy requirement has promoted distributed energy resources (DERs) to be considered as the promising alternative to global power demand based on low operation and maintenance costs, cost of energy (COE) reduction, and improvement of energy efficiency and security of power supply. The increase in the global population coupled with the rapid growth in the world economy has forced many utilities to integrate DERs into their power systems. The rapid growth in the deployment of DERs for a number of applications by the distribution system operators and consumers has been attributed to numerous socio-economic benefits. Owing to this, it is universally accepted that the application of DERs will take a proactive part in optimal operations of the power systems. The main challenges that are associated with the operation of conventional generating units such as the depletion of the ozone layer and global warming can be overcome with the utilization of renewable DERs that have many economic and environmental benefits. The characteristics and importance of each component of DERs are presented in this chapter.},
author = {Adefarati, T. and Bansal, R.C.},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00002-8},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adefarati, Bansal - 2019 - Energizing Renewable Energy Systems and Distribution Generation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
keywords = {Battery storage system,Diesel generator,Distributed energy resources,Economic,Environment,Photovoltaic,Renewable energy resources,Wind},
pages = {29--65},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{Energizing Renewable Energy Systems and Distribution Generation}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00002-8},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Edition2016,
abstract = {It is sometimes hard for me to believe that the first edition of this book was only 330 pages and 13 chapters long! The book has grown and been adapted to keep up with the fast pace of change in derivatives markets. Like earlier editions, the book serves several markets. It is appropriate for graduate courses in business, economics, financial mathematics, and financial engineering. It can be used on advanced undergraduate courses when students have good quantitative skills. Also, many practitioners who are involved in derivatives markets find the book useful. I am delighted that half the purchasers of the book are analysts, traders, and other professionals in derivatives and risk management. One of the key decisions that must be made by an author who is writing in the area of derivatives concerns the use of mathematics. If the level of mathematical sophistication is too high, the material is likely to be inaccessible to many students and practitioners. If it is too low, some important issues will inevitably be treated in a rather superficial way. I have tried to be particularly careful about the way I use both mathematics and notation in the book. Nonessential mathematical material has been either eliminated or included in end-of-chapter appendices and in the technical notes on my website. Concepts that are likely to be new to many readers have been explained carefully, and many numerical examples have been included. Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives can be used for a first course in derivatives or for a more advanced course. There are many different ways it can be used in the classroom. Instructors teaching a first course in derivatives are likely to want to spend most classroom time on the first half of the book. Instructors teaching a more advanced course will find that many different combinations of chapters in the second half of the book can be used. I find that the material in Chapter 35 works well at the end of either an introductory or an advanced course.},
author = {Edition, Ninth and Edition, Global},
booktitle = {AMBER – ABBS Management Business and Entrepreneurship Review},
doi = {10.23874/amber/2016/v7/i1/121351},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Markets/Financial{\_}Products/John{\_}C{\_}Hull{\_}-{\_}Options,{\_}Futures,{\_}and{\_}Other{\_}Derivatives-Pearson{\_}(2018).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780133456318},
issn = {0976-3341},
number = {1},
pages = {70},
title = {{“Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives”}},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@book{Masters2004,
abstract = {Since most students, including many who have had a good first course in electrical engineering, have not been exposed to anything related to electric power, we present a practical orientation to such topics as power factor, transmission lines, three-phase power, power supplies, and power quality.},
author = {Masters, Gilbert M.},
booktitle = {Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems},
doi = {10.1002/0471668826},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Masters - 2004 - Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {3175723993},
title = {{Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems}},
year = {2004}
}
@article{North2011,
author = {{North American Electric Reliability Corporation}},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/North American Electric Reliability Corporation - 2011 - Balancing and frequency control.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Balancing and frequency control}},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Gazafroudi2019,
abstract = {In conventionally structured power systems, electricity markets usually consist of day-ahead and balancing markets, which are cleared sequentially and independently. However, since stochastic and non-dispatchable renewable energy resources participate in the electricity market, they inject power generation uncertainty. Thus, new services such as ancillary services are required to equilibrate balancing markets. Hence, simultaneous clearing of joint energy and reserve day-ahead and balancing markets makes this process more efficient. In this chapter, sequential and simultaneous approaches are used to study a two-stage stochastic joint energy and reserve market-clearing problem. In the sequential model, the day-ahead and balancing stages are solved autonomously. Moreover, this chapter evaluates the impact that electrical loads' flexibility behaviors has on the provision of operating reserves.},
author = {Gazafroudi, Amin Shokri and Shafie-khah, Miadreza and Prieto-Castrillo, Francisco and Talari, Saber and Corchado, Juan Manuel and Catal{\~{a}}o, Jo{\~{a}}o P.S.},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00006-5},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gazafroudi et al. - 2019 - Evolving New Market Structures.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
journal = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
pages = {183--203},
title = {{Evolving New Market Structures}},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Watson2011,
abstract = {Smart Grids is an initiative that many countries are devoting time and resources to due to the immense potential benefits. The technology Smart Grids employs has the potential to change the power quality customers see, both for the better and worse. This paper describes the main relations between Smart Grids technology and power quality It also discusses the barriers to Smart Grids and potentially new power quality challenges Smart Grids will present. The importance of having adequate standards is also highlighted if Smart Grids is to be successful. {\textcopyright} 2011 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.},
author = {Watson, Neville R.},
booktitle = {International Review of Electrical Engineering},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00008-9},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Watson - 2011 - Power quality in Smart Grids.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
issn = {25332244},
keywords = {Power Quality,Smart Grids,Standards},
number = {6},
pages = {2684--2688},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{Power quality in Smart Grids}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00008-9},
volume = {6},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Gu2019,
author = {Gu, Huajie and Member, Student and Yan, Ruifeng and Saha, Tapan},
doi = {10.17775/cseejpes.2019.00230},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Power{\_}Systems/Review{\_}of{\_}System{\_}Strength{\_}and{\_}Inertia{\_}Requirements{\_}for{\_}the{\_}National{\_}Electricity{\_}Market{\_}of{\_}Australia.pdf:pdf},
issn = {20960042},
journal = {CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems},
number = {3},
pages = {295--306},
title = {{Review of system strength and inertia requirements for the national electricity market of Australia}},
volume = {5},
year = {2019}
}
@incollection{Mun2015,
abstract = {More practitioners are turning to financial modeling to quantitatively estimate the value of a security. This text offers a set of 250 models that cover a wide range of industries and applications, including banking, manufacturing, military, pharmaceutical, financial services, oil and gas, operations research, and more. Advanced Analytical Models: Over 800 Models and 300 Applications from the Basel II Accord to Wall Street and Beyond; Contents; Preface; Software Applications; Part I: Modeling Toolkit and Risk Simulator Applications; Part II: Real Options SLS Applications; Part III: Real Options Strategic Case Studies -- Framing the Options; Appendix A: List of Models; Appendix B: List of Functions; Appendix C: Understanding and Choosing the Right Probability Distributions; Appendix D: Financial Statement Analysis; Appendix E: Exotic Options Formulae; Appendix F: Measures of Risk.},
author = {Mun, Jonathon},
booktitle = {Advanced Analytical Models},
doi = {10.1002/9781119197096.app03},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/Understanding{\_}and{\_}Choosing{\_}the{\_}Right{\_}Probability{\_}Distributions.pdf:pdf},
pages = {899--917},
title = {{Understanding and Choosing the Right Probability Distributions}},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Prescott2017,
author = {Prescott, S W and Bao, J and Bequette, B W},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/Stability{\_}Analysis/Modelling{\_}and{\_}LinAlg{\_}(Part1).pdf:pdf},
number = {November},
pages = {5},
title = {{Part 1: Introduction}},
year = {2017}
}
@article{AEMO2019a,
author = {AEMO},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/NEM/AEMO/Technical{\_}Integration{\_}of{\_}DER{\_}Report.pdf:pdf},
number = {April},
title = {{Technical Integration of Distributed Energy Resources: Improving DER capabilities to benefit consumers and the power system}},
url = {https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/DER/2019/Technical-Integration/Technical-Integration-of-DER-Report.pdf},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Freitas2018,
abstract = {With the increasing deployment of solar systems in buildings in urban environments, a future scenario of high photovoltaic penetration is expected to produce impacts on the distribution grid. One of the challenges relates to the power balance at the power transformers, which might not have sufficient spare capacity to accommodate the solar electricity feed in. In this work, we estimate the power balance at the transformers in a small urban area of Lisbon, Portugal, considering full deployment of PV, installed on rooftops and building fa{\c{c}}ades. The PV potential is estimated through two different approaches: the simplified Peak power method, which considers the typical peak power of a module and the available area, and the more labour-intensive Irradiance method that accounts for hourly time step solar irradiance and demand data or simulations. The main findings of this work point out that the Peak power method has limited success if PV facades are to be considered. Moreover, a high PV penetration scenario leads to a locally less resilient grid, hence a solar PV factor was proposed to account for future deployment of PV systems in urban environments.},
author = {Freitas, Sara and Santos, Teresa and Brito, Miguel C.},
doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.096},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Freitas, Santos, Brito - 2018 - Impact of large scale PV deployment in the sizing of urban distribution transformers.pdf:pdf},
issn = {18790682},
journal = {Renewable Energy},
keywords = {Building fa{\c{c}}ades,Demand aggregation,Distribution transformers,Urban BIPV},
pages = {767--776},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Impact of large scale PV deployment in the sizing of urban distribution transformers}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.096},
volume = {119},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Qiu2016,
abstract = {There is no doubt that big data are now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains. While the potential of these massive data is undoubtedly significant, fully making sense of them requires new ways of thinking and novel learning techniques to address the various challenges. In this paper, we present a literature survey of the latest advances in researches on machine learning for big data processing. First, we review the machine learning techniques and highlight some promising learning methods in recent studies, such as representation learning, deep learning, distributed and parallel learning, transfer learning, active learning, and kernel-based learning. Next, we focus on the analysis and discussions about the challenges and possible solutions of machine learning for big data. Following that, we investigate the close connections of machine learning with signal processing techniques for big data processing. Finally, we outline several open issues and research trends.},
author = {Qiu, Junfei and Wu, Qihui and Ding, Guoru and Xu, Yuhua and Feng, Shuo},
doi = {10.1186/s13634-016-0355-x},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Maths{\_}and{\_}Modelling/Qiu2016{\_}Article{\_}ASurveyOfMachineLearningForBig.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16876180},
journal = {Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing},
keywords = {Big data,Data mining,Machine learning,Signal processing techniques},
number = {1},
publisher = {EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing},
title = {{A survey of machine learning for big data processing}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13634-016-0355-x},
volume = {2016},
year = {2016}
}
@misc{Summers2018,
author = {Summers, Kate},
title = {{Power system control or market control of power system?}},
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8mUu1ELL-o{\&}feature=emb{\_}title},
year = {2018}
}
@article{NSWGovernment2019,
author = {{NSW Government}},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Policy/NSW{\_}Gov/NSW{\_}Electricity{\_}Strategy.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {NSW Electricity Strategy},
pages = {1--34},
title = {{NSW Electricity Strategy}},
year = {2019}
}
@book{Lumbreras2019,
abstract = {We need the transmission network to be a backbone that provides support to increasing amounts of renewables, and to endure the long-distance cross-border flows that will be the basis for the future regional markets. For this, it is imperative to use all the means at our disposal, new technologies, as well as smart planning methods. We need better transmission networks for a smarter global system. This chapter presents the main drivers for transmission and the technologies that will be the most relevant for the improvement of transmission grids. Then, it presents a general formulation of the problem that can be adapted to most problem instances. It follows with the key modeling choices for transmission expansion planning, as well as the most relevant solution techniques. It concludes with an illustrative case study that demonstrates how optimization can currently tackle large-scale transmission expansion planning.},
author = {Lumbreras, Sara and Ramos, Andres},
booktitle = {Pathways to a Smarter Power System},
doi = {10.1016/b978-0-08-102592-5.00007-7},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lumbreras, Ramos - 2019 - Better Transmission Networks for a Smarter Global System.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780081025925},
pages = {205--223},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
title = {{Better Transmission Networks for a Smarter Global System}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102592-5.00007-7},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Riesz,
author = {Riesz, Jenny},
doi = {10.1111/1468-5922.12069},
file = {:home/abi/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Riesz - 2014 - NEM Overview.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14685922},
title = {{NEM Overview}},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Elliston2012,
author = {Elliston, Ben and Macgill, Iain},
file = {:home/abi/version{\_}control/Research/Economics/GridParity{\_}-{\_}misleading{\_}concept.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Solar2010, the 48th AuSES Annual Conference},
keywords

repository: Rabscuttler/nem-data-analysis

repo_name: Rabscuttler/nem-data-analysis