text:
18.1433343},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maxwell, Warner, Fang - 2018 - Implementation of machine-learning classification in remote sensing an applied review.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0143-1161},
journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
keywords = {Land-cover classification,image classification,land-cover mapping,machine learning},
month = {may},
number = {9},
pages = {2784--2817},
publisher = {Taylor {\&} Francis},
title = {{Implementation of machine-learning classification in remote sensing: an applied review}},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2018.1433343},
volume = {39},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Griffiths2013,
author = {Griffiths, Patrick and van der Linden, Sebastian and Kuemmerle, Tobias and Hostert, Patrick},
doi = {10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2228167},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Griffiths et al. - 2013 - A Pixel-Based Landsat Compositing Algorithm for Large Area Land Cover Mapping.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1939-1404},
issn = {1939-1404},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing},
keywords = {Compositing,Landsat,large area mapping,random forests,remote sensing},
month = {oct},
number = {5},
pages = {2088--2101},
title = {{A Pixel-Based Landsat Compositing Algorithm for Large Area Land Cover Mapping}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6415303/},
volume = {6},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Crozier2006,
abstract = {Hundreds of species are shifting their ranges in response to recent climate warming. To predict how continued climate warming will affect the potential, or "bioclimatic range," of a skipper butterfly, we present a population-dynamic model of range shift in which population growth is a function of temperature. We estimate the parameters of this model using previously published data for Atalopedes campestris. Summer and winter temperatures affect population growth rate independently in this species and therefore interact as potential range-limiting factors. Our model predicts a two-phase response to climate change; one range-limiting factor gradually becomes dominant, even if warming occurs steadily along a thermally linear landscape. Whether the range shift accelerates or decelerates and whether the number of generations per year at the range edge increases or decreases depend on whether summer or winter warms faster. To estimate the uncertainty in our predictions of range shift, we use a parametric bootstrap of biological parameter values. Our results show that even modest amounts of data yield predictions with reasonably small confidence intervals, indicating that ecophysiological models can be useful in predicting range changes. Nevertheless, the confidence intervals are sensitive to regional differences in the underlying thermal landscape and the warming scenario.},
author = {Crozier, Lisa and Dwyer, Greg},
doi = {10.1086/504848},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2006/Crozier, Dwyer{\_}2006{\_}Combining Population-Dynamic and Ecophysiological Models to Predict Climate-Induced Insect Range Shifts.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1537-5323},
journal = {The American naturalist},
keywords = {Climate-Change,Insects,climate change,insects,population-dynamic model.,range shifts,temperature},
mendeley-tags = {Climate-Change,Insects},
month = {may},
number = {1},
pmid = {16685639},
title = {{Combining Population-Dynamic and Ecophysiological Models to Predict Climate-Induced Insect Range Shifts.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16685639},
volume = {168},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Mildrexler2009,
abstract = {Large-scale ecosystem disturbances (LSEDs) have major impacts on the global carbon cycle as large pulses of CO2 and other trace gases from terrestrial biomass loss are emitted to the atmosphere during disturbance events. The high temporal and spatial variability of the atmospheric emissions combined with the lack of a proven methodology to monitor LSEDs at the global scale make the timing, location and extent of vegetation disturbance a significant uncertainty in understanding the global carbon cycle. The MODIS Global Disturbance Index (MGDI) algorithm is designed for large-scale, regular, disturbance mapping using Aqua/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Aqua/MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data. The MGDI uses annual maximum composite LST data to detect fundamental changes in land-surface energy partitioning, while avoiding the high natural variability associated with tracking LST at daily, weekly, or seasonal time frames. Here we apply the full Aqua/MODIS dataset through 2006 to the improved MGDI algorithm across the woody ecosystems of North America and test the algorithm by comparison with confirmed, historical wildfire events and the windfall areas of documented major hurricanes. The MGDI accurately detects the location and extent of wildfire throughout North America and detects high and moderate severity impacts in the windfall area of major hurricanes. We also find detections associated with clear-cut logging and land-clearing on the forest-agricultural interface. The MGDI indicates that 1.5{\%} (195,580??km2) of the woody ecosystems within North America was disturbed in 2005 and 0.5{\%} (67,451??km2) was disturbed in 2006. The interannual variability is supported by wildfire detections and official burned area statistics. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author = {Mildrexler, David J. and Zhao, Maosheng and Running, Steven W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.016},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mildrexler, Zhao, Running - 2009 - Testing a MODIS Global Disturbance Index across North America.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Aqua/MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST),Ecosystem disturbance,Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI),Hurricane,Range of natural variability,Wildfire},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {2103--2117},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Testing a MODIS Global Disturbance Index across North America}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.016 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425709001679},
volume = {113},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Stang2006,
author = {Stang, Martina and Klinkhamer, PGL and Meijden, Eddy Van Der},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2006/Stang, Klinkhamer, Meijden{\_}2006{\_}Size constraints and flower abundance determine the number of interactions in a plant–flower visitor web.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Oikos},
number = {June 2005},
pages = {111--121},
title = {{Size constraints and flower abundance determine the number of interactions in a plant–flower visitor web}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14199.x/full},
volume = {1},
year = {2006}
}
@article{DantasdePaula2016,
author = {{Dantas de Paula}, Mateus and Groeneveld, J{\"{u}}rgen and Huth, Andreas},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.018},
issn = {1470160X},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
month = {oct},
pages = {196--204},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{The extent of edge effects in fragmented landscapes: Insights from satellite measurements of tree cover}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X16301923},
volume = {69},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Westphal2006,
abstract = {Coexistence in bumblebee communities has largely been investigated at local spatial scales. However, local resource partitioning does not fully explain the species diversity of bumblebee communities. Theoretical studies provide new evidence that partitioning of space can promote species coexistence, when species interact with their environment at different spatial scales. If bumblebee species possess specific foraging ranges, different spatial resource utilisation patterns might operate as an additional mechanism of coexistence in bumblebee communities. We investigated the effects of the landscape-wide availability of different resources (mass flowering crops and semi-natural habitats) on the local densities of four bumblebee species at 12 spatial scales (landscape sectors with 250-3,000 m radius) to indirectly identify the spatial scales at which the bumblebees perceive their environment. The densities of all bumblebee species were enhanced in landscapes with high proportions of mass flowering crops (mainly oilseed rape). We found the strongest effects for Bombus terrestris agg. and Bombus lapidarius at large spatial scales, implying foraging distances of 3,000 and 2,750 m, respectively. The densities of Bombus pascuorum were most strongly influenced at a medium spatial scale (1,000 m), and of Bombus pratorum (with marginal significance) at a small spatial scale (250 m). The estimated foraging ranges tended to be related to body and colony sizes, indicating that larger species travel over larger distances than smaller species, presumably enabling them to build up larger colonies through a better exploitation of food resources. We conclude that coexistence in bumblebee communities could potentially be mediated by species-specific differences in the spatial resource utilisation patterns, which should be considered in conservation schemes.},
author = {Westphal, Catrin and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Tscharntke, Teja},
doi = {10.1007/s00442-006-0448-6},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2006/Westphal, Steffan-Dewenter, Tscharntke{\_}2006{\_}Bumblebees experience landscapes at different spatial scales possible implications for coexi.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0029-8549},
journal = {Oecologia},
keywords = {Animals,Bees,Bees: physiology,Body Size,Bombus spp,Ecosystem,Feeding Behavior,Feeding Behavior: physiology,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Paper,Pollination,Wing,Wing: anatomy {\&} histology},
mendeley-tags = {Bombus spp,Paper,Pollination},
month = {aug},
number = {2},
pages = {289--300},
pmid = {16758219},
title = {{Bumblebees experience landscapes at different spatial scales: possible implications for coexistence.}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/ml25u5856827670w.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16758219},
volume = {149},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Dornelas2018,
abstract = {Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in eco- logical assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record.},
author = {Dornelas, Maria and Ant{\~{a}}o, Laura H. and Moyes, Faye and Bates, Amanda E. and Magurran, Anne E. and Adam, Du{\v{s}}an and Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. and Appeltans, Ward and Arcos, Jos{\'{e}} Manuel and Arnold, Haley and Ayyappan, Narayanan and Badihi, Gal and Baird, Andrew H. and Barbosa, Miguel and Barreto, Tiago Egydio and B{\"{a}}ssler, Claus and Bellgrove, Alecia and Belmaker, Jonathan and Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro and Bett, Brian J. and Bjorkman, Anne D. and B{\l}a{\.{z}}ewicz, Magdalena and Blowes, Shane A. and Bloch, Christopher P. and Bonebrake, Timothy C. and Boyd, Susan and Bradford, Matt and Brooks, Andrew J. and Brown, James H. and Bruelheide, Helge and Budy, Phaedra and Carvalho, Fernando and Casta{\~{n}}eda-Moya, Edward and Chen, Chaolun Allen and Chamblee, John F. and Chase, Tory J. and {Siegwart Collier}, Laura and Collinge, Sharon K. and Condit, Richard and Cooper, Elisabeth J. and Cornelissen, J. Hans C. and Cotano, Unai and {Kyle Crow}, Shannan and Damasceno, Gabriella and Davies, Claire H. and Davis, Robert A. and Day, Frank P. and Degraer, Steven and Doherty, Tim S. and Dunn, Timothy E. and Durigan, Giselda and Duffy, J. Emmett and Edelist, Dor and Edgar, Graham J. and Elahi, Robin and Elmendorf, Sarah C. and Enemar, Anders and Ernest, S. K.Morgan and Escribano, Rub{\'{e}}n and Estiarte, Marc and Evans, Brian S. and Fan, Tung Yung and {Turini Farah}, Fabiano and {Loureiro Fernandes}, Luiz and Farneda, F{\'{a}}bio Z. and Fidelis, Alessandra and Fitt, Robert and Fosaa, Anna Maria and {Daher Correa Franco}, Geraldo Antonio and Frank, Grace E. and Fraser, William R. and Garc{\'{i}}a, Hernando and {Cazzolla Gatti}, Roberto and Givan, Or and Gorgone-Barbosa, Elizabeth and Gould, William A. and Gries, Corinna and Grossman, Gary D. and Gutierr{\'{e}}z, Julio R. and Hale, Stephen and Harmon, Mark E. and Harte, John and Haskins, Gary and Henshaw, Donald L. and Hermanutz, Luise and Hidalgo, Pamela and Higuchi, Pedro and Hoey, Andrew and {Van Hoey}, Gert and Hofgaard, Annika and Holeck, Kristen and Hollister, Robert D. and Holmes, Richard and Hoogenboom, Mia and hao Hsieh, Chih and Hubbell, Stephen P. and Huettmann, Falk and Huffard, Christine L. and Hurlbert, Allen H. and {Macedo Ivanauskas}, Nat{\'{a}}lia and Jan{\'{i}}k, David and Jandt, Ute and Ja{\.{z}}d{\.{z}}ewska, Anna and Johannessen, Tore and Johnstone, Jill and Jones, Julia and Jones, Faith A.M. and Kang, Jungwon and Kartawijaya, Tasrif and Keeley, Erin C. and Kelt, Douglas A. and Kinnear, Rebecca and Klanderud, Kari and Knutsen, Halvor and Koenig, Christopher C. and Kortz, Alessandra R. and Kr{\'{a}}l, Kamil and Kuhnz, Linda A. and Kuo, Chao Yang and Kushner, David J. and Laguionie-Marchais, Claire and Lancaster, Lesley T. and {Min Lee}, Cheol and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. and L{\'{e}}vesque, Esther and Lightfoot, David and Lloret, Francisco and Lloyd, John D. and L{\'{o}}pez-Baucells, Adri{\`{a}} and Louzao, Maite and Madin, Joshua S. and Magn{\'{u}}sson, Borgþ{\'{o}}r and Malamud, Shahar and Matthews, Iain and McFarland, Kent P. and McGill, Brian and McKnight, Diane and McLarney, William O. and Meador, Jason and Meserve, Peter L. and Metcalfe, Daniel J. and Meyer, Christoph F.J. and Michelsen, Anders and Milchakova, Nataliya and Moens, Tom and Moland, Even and Moore, Jon and {Mathias Moreira}, Carolina and M{\"{u}}ller, J{\"{o}}rg and Murphy, Grace and Myers-Smith, Isla H. and Myster, Randall W. and Naumov, Andrew and Neat, Francis and Nelson, James A. and {Paul Nelson}, Michael and Newton, Stephen F. and Norden, Natalia and Oliver, Jeffrey C. and Olsen, Esben M. and Onipchenko, Vladimir G. and Pabis, Krzysztof and Pabst, Robert J. and Paquette, Alain and Pardede, Sinta and Paterson, David M. and P{\'{e}}lissier, Rapha{\"{e}}l and Pe{\~{n}}uelas, Josep and P{\'{e}}rez-Matus, Alejandro and Pizarro, Oscar and Pomati, Francesco and Post, Eric and Prins, Herbert H.T. and Priscu, John C. and Provoost, Pieter and Prudic, Kathleen L. and Pulliainen, Erkki and Ramesh, B. R. and {Mendivil Ramos}, Olivia and Rassweiler, Andrew and Rebelo, Jose Eduardo and Reed, Daniel C. and Reich, Peter B. and Remillard, Suzanne M. and Richardson, Anthony J. and Richardson, J. Paul and van Rijn, Itai and Rocha, Ricardo and Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. and Rixen, Christian and Robinson, Kevin P. and {Ribeiro Rodrigues}, Ricardo and {de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres}, Denise and Rudstam, Lars and Ruhl, Henry and Ruz, Catalina S. and Sampaio, Erica M. and Rybicki, Nancy and Rypel, Andrew and Sal, Sofia and Salgado, Beatriz and Santos, Flavio A.M. and Savassi-Coutinho, Ana Paula and Scanga, Sara and Schmidt, Jochen and Schooley, Robert and Setiawan, Fakhrizal and Shao, Kwang Tsao and Shaver, Gaius R. and Sherman, Sally and Sherry, Thomas W. and Sici{\'{n}}ski, Jacek and Sievers, Caya and da Silva, Ana Carolina and {Rodrigues da Silva}, Fernando and Silveira, Fabio L. and Slingsby, Jasper and Smart, Tracey and Snell, Sara J. and Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. and Souza, Gabriel B.G. and {Maluf Souza}, Flaviana and {Castro Souza}, Vin{\'{i}}cius and Stallings, Christopher D. and Stanforth, Rowan and Stanley, Emily H. and {Mauro Sterza}, Jos{\'{e}} and Stevens, Maarten and Stuart-Smith, Rick and {Rondon Suarez}, Yzel and Supp, Sarah and {Yoshio Tamashiro}, Jorge and Tarigan, Sukmaraharja and Thiede, Gary P. and Thorn, Simon and Tolvanen, Anne and {Teresa Zugliani Toniato}, Maria and Totland, {\O}rjan and Twilley, Robert R. and Vaitkus, Gediminas and Valdivia, Nelson and Vallejo, Martha Isabel and Valone, Thomas J. and {Van Colen}, Carl and Vanaverbeke, Jan and Venturoli, Fabio and Verheye, Hans M. and Vianna, Marcelo and Vieira, Rui P. and Vr{\v{s}}ka, Tom{\'{a}}{\v{s}} and {Quang Vu}, Con and {Van Vu}, Lien and Waide, Robert B. and Waldock, Conor and Watts, Dave and Webb, Sara and Weso{\l}owski, Tomasz and White, Ethan P. and Widdicombe, Claire E. and Wilgers, Dustin and Williams, Richard and Williams, Stefan B. and Williamson, Mark and Willig, Michael R. and Willis, Trevor J. and Wipf, Sonja and Woods, Kerry D. and Woehler, Eric J. and Zawada, Kyle and Zettler, Michael L.},
doi = {10.1111/geb.12729},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/geb.12729.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14668238},
journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
keywords = {biodiversity,global,spatial,species richness,temporal,turnover},
number = {7},
pages = {760--786},
title = {{BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene}},
volume = {27},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Jarvis2008,
abstract = {The CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal is able to provide SRTM 90m Digital Elevation Data for the entire world. The SRTM digital elevation data, produced by NASA originally, is a major breakthrough in digital mapping of the world, and provides a major advance in the accessibility of high quality elevation data for large portions of the tropics and other areas of the developing world. The SRTM digital elevation data provided on this site has been processed to fill data voids, and to facilitate it's ease of use by a wide group of potential users. This data is provided in an effort to promote the use of geospatial science and applications for sustainable development and resource conservation in the developing world. Digital elevation models (DEM) for the entire globe, covering all of the countries of the world, are available for download on this site. The SRTM 90m DEM's have a resolution of 90m at the equator, and are provided in mosaiced 5 deg x 5 deg tiles for easy download and use. All are produced from a seamless dataset to allow easy mosaicing. These are available in both ArcInfo ASCII and GeoTiff format to facilitate their ease of use in a variety of image processing and GIS applications. Data can be downloaded using a browser or accessed directly from the ftp site. If you find this digital elevation data useful, please let us know at csicgiar.org},
author = {Jarvis, A and Reuter, H I and Nelson, A and Guevara, E},
journal = {Available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m database},
pages = {srtm.csi.cgiar.org},
title = {{Hole-filled SRTM for the globe version 4}},
url = {srtm.csi.cgiar.org},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Andela2017,
abstract = {Fire is an essential Earth system process that alters ecosystem and atmospheric composition. Here we assessed long-term fire trends using multiple satellite data sets.We found that global burned area declined by 24.3 ± 8.8{\%} over the past 18 years. The estimated decrease in burned area remained robust after adjusting for precipitation variability and was largest in savannas. Agricultural expansion and intensification were primary drivers of declining fire activity. Fewer and smaller fires reduced aerosol concentrations, modified vegetation structure, and increased the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink. Fire models were unable to reproduce the pattern and magnitude of observed declines, suggesting that they may overestimate fire emissions in future projections. Using economic and demographic variables, we developed a conceptual model for predicting fire in human-dominated landscapes.},
author = {Andela, N. and Morton, D. C. and Giglio, L. and Chen, Y. and van der Werf, G. R and Kasibhatla, Prasad S. and DeFries, R. S. and Collatz, G. J. and Hantson, Stijn and Kloster, Silvia and Bachelet, Dominique and Forrest, Matthew and Lasslop, Gitta and Li, Fang and Mangeon, S. and Melton, J. R. and Yue, C. and Randerson, James T.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aal4108},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Andela et al. - 2017 - A human-driven decline in global burned area.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {jun},
number = {6345},
pages = {1356--1362},
title = {{A human-driven decline in global burned area}},
url = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6345/1356 http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aal4108},
volume = {356},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Hermosilla2018,
author = {Hermosilla, Txomin and Wulder, Michael A. and White, Joanne C. and Coops, Nicholas C. and Hobart, Geordie W.},
doi = {10.1080/07038992.2018.1437719},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hermosilla et al. - 2018 - Disturbance-Informed Annual Land Cover Classification Maps of Canada's Forested Ecosystems for a 29-Year Land.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0703-8992},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing},
month = {mar},
pages = {1--21},
publisher = {Taylor {\&} Francis},
title = {{Disturbance-Informed Annual Land Cover Classification Maps of Canada's Forested Ecosystems for a 29-Year Landsat Time Series}},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07038992.2018.1437719},
volume = {8992},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Pauls2013,
abstract = {Genetic diversity provides the basic substrate for evolution, yet few studies assess the impacts of global climate change (GCC) on intraspecific genetic variation. In this review, we highlight the importance of incorporating neutral and non-neutral genetic diversity when assessing the impacts of GCC, for example, in studies that aim to predict the future distribution and fate of a species or ecological community. Specifically, we address the following questions: Why study the effects of GCC on intraspecific genetic diversity? How does GCC affect genetic diversity? How is the effect of GCC on genetic diversity currently studied? Where is potential for future research? For each of these questions, we provide a general background and highlight case studies across the animal, plant and microbial kingdoms. We further discuss how cryptic diversity can affect GCC assessments, how genetic diversity can be integrated into studies that aim to predict species' responses on GCC and how conservation efforts related to GCC can incorporate and profit from inclusion of genetic diversity assessments. We argue that studying the fate of intraspecifc genetic diversity is an indispensable and logical venture if we are to fully understand the consequences of GCC on biodiversity on all levels.},
author = {Pauls, Steffen U and Nowak, Carsten and B{\'{a}}lint, Mikl{\'{o}}s and Pfenninger, Markus},
doi = {10.1111/mec.12152},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pauls et al. - 2013 - The impact of global climate change on genetic diversity within populations and species.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09621083},
journal = {Molecular Ecology},
keywords = {2012,Adaptation,Biodiversity,Biological,Biological: genetics,Climate Change,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Genetic Variation,Phylogeography,accepted 25 october 2012,cryptic species,global change biology,ling,phylogeography,received 28 july 2012,revision received 22 october,species distribution model-,species distribution model- ling,species range projections},
month = {feb},
number = {4},
pages = {925--946},
pmid = {23279006},
title = {{The impact of global climate change on genetic diversity within populations and species}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279006 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mec.12152},
volume = {22},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Mueller2014,
abstract = {Long-term trends in photosynthetic capacity measured with the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are usually associated with climate change. Human impacts on the global land surface are typically not accounted for. Here, we provide the first global analysis quantifying the effect of the earth's human footprint on NDVI trends. Globally, more than 20{\%} of the variability in NDVI trends was explained by anthropogenic factors such as land use, nitrogen fertilization, and irrigation. Intensely used land classes, such as villages, showed the greatest rates of increase in NDVI, more than twice than those of forests. These findings reveal that factors beyond climate influence global long-term trends in NDVI and suggest that global climate change models and analyses of primary productivity should incorporate land use effects.},
author = {Mueller, Thomas and Dressler, Gunnar and Tucker, Compton and Pinzon, Jorge and Leimgruber, Peter and Dubayah, Ralph and Hurtt, George and B{\"{o}}hning-Gaese, Katrin and Fagan, William},
doi = {10.3390/rs6065717},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mueller et al. - 2014 - Human Land-Use Practices Lead to Global Long-Term Increases in Photosynthetic Capacity.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2072-4292},
issn = {2072-4292},
journal = {Remote Sensing},
keywords = {GIMMS3g,NDVI,anthromes,anthropogenic biomes,global change,land-use},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {5717--5731},
title = {{Human Land-Use Practices Lead to Global Long-Term Increases in Photosynthetic Capacity}},
url = {www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/6/5717/},
volume = {6},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Ewers2013a,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tropical forest species are among the most sensitive to changing climatic conditions, and the forest they inhabit helps to buffer their microclimate from the variable climatic conditions outside the forest. However, habitat fragmentation and edge effects exposes vegetation to outside microclimatic conditions, thereby reducing the ability of the forest to buffer climatic variation. In this paper, we ask what proportion of forest in a fragmented ecosystem is impacted by altered microclimate conditions driven by edge effects, and extrapolate these results to the whole Atlantic Forest biome, one of the most disturbed biodiversity hotspots. To address these questions, we collected above and below ground temperature for a full year using temperature sensors placed in forest fragments of different sizes, and at different distances from the forest edge.$\backslash$n$\backslash$nPRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the Atlantic forests of Brazil, we found that the buffering effect of forests reduced maximum outside temperatures by one third or more at ground level within a forest, with the buffering effect being stronger below-ground than one metre above-ground. The temperature buffering effect of forests was, however, reduced near forest edges with the edge effect extending up to 20 m inside the forest. The heavily fragmented nature of the Brazilian Atlantic forest means that 12{\%} of the remaining biome experiences altered microclimate conditions.$\backslash$n$\backslash$nCONCLUSIONS: Our results add further information about the extent of edge effects in the Atlantic Forest, and we suggest that maintaining a low perimeter-to-area ratio may be a judicious method for minimizing the amount of forest area that experiences altered microclimatic conditions in this ecosystem.},
author = {Ewers, Robert M. and Banks-Leite, Cristina},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0058093},
editor = {Bohrer, Gil},
isbn = {1932-6203},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {e58093},
pmid = {23483976},
title = {{Fragmentation Impairs the Microclimate Buffering Effect of Tropical Forests}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058093},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Turner1998,
abstract = {Disturbance events vary in intensity, size, and frequency, but few opportunities exist to study those that are extreme on more than one of these gradients. This article characterizes successional processes that occur following infrequent disturbance events that are exceptional in their great intensity or large size. The spatial variability in disturbance intensity within large, infrequent disturbances (LIDs) often leads to a heterogeneous pattern of surviving organisms. These surviving organisms dictate much of the initial successional pattern on large disturbances where the opportunities for seeds to disperse into the middle of the disturbance are limited. The traditional distinction between primary and secondary succession is insufficient to capture the tremendous variability in succession following LIDs. Disturbance size influences succession where long-distance colonization by propagules is important. Observations from LIDs suggest the following interrelated hypotheses about trends in succession with increasing distance from seed sources when disturbance intensity is high: (a) initial densities of organisms will be lower; (b) nucleation processes, in which recovering patches serve as foci for additional colonization and expand spatially, will be more important; (c) competitive sorting will be less important relative to chance arrival in determination of community composition, and (d) community composition will be initially less predictable; and (e) the rate of recovery of community composition will be slower. Prediction of succession following LIDs without considering contingencies such as the abundance, types, and spatial distribution of residuals, and distance to seed sources is likely to be unsuccessful for large portions of the landscape. Abundance and spatial arrangement of survivors and arrival patterns of propagules may be the pivotal factors determining how succession differs between intense disturbances of large and small extent.},
author = {Turner, Monica G. and Baker, William L. and Peterson, Christopher J. and Peet, Robert K.},
doi = {10.1007/s100219900047},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Turner et al. - 1998 - Factors Influencing Succession Lessons from Large, Infrequent Natural Disturbances.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1432-9840},
issn = {1432-9840},
journal = {Ecosystems},
keywords = {dispersal distance,disturbance,disturbance frequency,disturbance size,intensity,land-,patch size,scape ecology,succession},
number = {6},
pages = {511--523},
pmid = {1281},
title = {{Factors Influencing Succession: Lessons from Large, Infrequent Natural Disturbances}},
volume = {1},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Kaplan2009,
abstract = {Humans have transformed Europe's landscapes since the establishment of the first agricultural societies in the mid-Holocene. The most important anthropogenic alteration of the natural environment was the clearing of forests to establish cropland and pasture, and the exploitation of forests for fuel wood and construction materials. While the archaeological and paleoecological record documents the time history of anthropogenic deforestation at numerous individual sites, to study the effect that prehistoric and preindustrial deforestation had on continental-scale carbon and water cycles we require spatially explicit maps of changing forest cover through time. Previous attempts to map preindustrial anthropogenic land use and land cover change addressed only the recent past, or relied on simplistic extrapolations of present day land use patterns to past conditions. In this study we created a very high resolution, annually resolved time series of anthropogenic deforestation in Europe over the past three millennia by 1) digitizing and synthesizing a database of population history for Europe and surrounding areas, 2) developing a model to simulate anthropogenic deforestation based on population density that handles technological progress, and 3) applying the database and model to a gridded dataset of land suitability for agriculture and pasture to simulate spatial and temporal trends in anthropogenic deforestation. Our model results provide reasonable estimations of deforestation in Europe when compared to historical accounts. We simulate extensive European deforestation at 1000 BC, implying that past attempts to quantify anthropogenic perturbation of the Holocene carbon cycle may have greatly underestimated early human impact on the climate system. {\textcopyright} 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Kaplan, Jed O. and Krumhardt, Kristen M. and Zimmermann, Niklaus},
doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.028},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kaplan, Krumhardt, Zimmermann - 2009 - The prehistoric and preindustrial deforestation of Europe.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0277-3791},
issn = {02773791},
journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
keywords = {arch{\'{e}}ologie,d{\'{e}}forestation,europe,histoire},
month = {dec},
number = {27-28},
pages = {3016--3034},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{The prehistoric and preindustrial deforestation of Europe}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.028 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027737910900331X},
volume = {28},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Olden2006a,
abstract = {Aim Biotic homogenization describes the process by which species invasions and extinctions increase the genetic, taxonomic or functional similarity of two or more biotas over a specified time interval. The study of biotic homogenization is a young and rapidly emerging research area in the budding field of conservation biogeography, and this paper aims to synthesize our current knowledge of this process and advocate a more systematic approach to its investigation. Methods Based on a comprehensive examination of the primary literature this paper reviews the process of biotic homogenization, including its definition, quantification, underlying ecological mechanisms, environmental drivers, the empirical evidence for different taxonomic groups, and the potential ecological and evolutionary implications. Important gaps in our knowledge are then identified, and areas of new research that show the greatest promise for advancing our current thinking on biotic homogenization are highlighted. Results Current knowledge of the patterns, mechanisms and implications of biotic homogenization is highly variable across taxonomic groups, but in general is incomplete. Quantitative estimates are almost exclusively limited to freshwater fishes and plants in the United States, and the principal mechanisms and drivers of homogenization remain elusive. To date research has focused on taxonomic homogenization, and genetic and functional homogenization has received inadequate attention. Trends over the past decade, however, suggest that biotic homogenization is emerging as a topic of greater research interest. Main conclusions My investigation revealed a number of important knowledge gaps and priority research needs in the science of biotic homogenization. Future studies should examine the homogenization process for different community properties (species occurrence and abundance) at multiple spatial and temporal scales, with careful attention paid to the various biological mechanisms (invasions vs. extinctions) and environmental drivers (environmental alteration vs. biotic interactions) involved. Perhaps most importantly, this research should recognize that there are multiple possible outcomes resulting from the accumulation of species invasions and extinctions, including biotic differentiation whereby genetic, taxonomic or functional similarity of biotas decreases over time.},
author = {Olden, Julian D.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01572.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2006/Olden{\_}2006{\_}Biotic homogenization a new research agenda for conservation biogeography.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0305-0270},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
keywords = {Biotic Homogenization,Homogenization,Paper,Study,biodiversity,biotic differentiation,complementarity,conservation biogeogra-,conservation planning,faunal homogenization,floral homogenization,phy,spatial scale,species extinction,species invasion},
mendeley-tags = {Biotic Homogenization,Homogenization,Paper,Study},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {2027--2039},
title = {{Biotic homogenization: a new research agenda for conservation biogeography}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01572.x},
volume = {33},
year = {2006}
}
@article{PAVLACKYJR2009,
author = {{Pavlacky JR}, David C. and Goldizen, Anne W. and Prentis, Peter J. and Nicholls, James A. and Lowe, Andrew J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04226.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pavlacky JR et al. - 2009 - A landscape genetics approach for quantifying the relative influence of historic and contemporary habitat he.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09621083},
journal = {Molecular Ecology},
keywords = {coalescent theory,effective dispersal,gene flow,habitat loss,microsatellite dna},
month = {jul},
number = {14},
pages = {2945--2960},
title = {{A landscape genetics approach for quantifying the relative influence of historic and contemporary habitat heterogeneity on the genetic connectivity of a rainforest bird}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04226.x},
volume = {18},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Evans2013,
abstract = {Human societies, and their well-being, depend to a significant extent on the state of the ecosystems that surround them. These ecosystems are changing rapidly usually in response to anthropogenic changes in the environment. To determine the likely impact of environmental change on ecosystems and the best ways to manage them, it would be desirable to be able to predict their future states. We present a proposal to develop the paradigm of predictive systems ecology, explicitly to understand and predict the properties and behaviour of ecological systems. We discuss the necessary and desirable features of predictive systems ecology models. There are places where predictive systems ecology is already being practised and we summarize a range of terrestrial and marine examples. Significant challenges remain but we suggest that ecology would benefit both as a scientific discipline and increase its impact in society if it were to embrace the need to become more predictive.},
author = {Evans, Matthew R and Bithell, Mike and Cornell, Stephen J and Dall, Sasha R X and D{\'{i}}az, Sandra and Emmott, Stephen and Ernande, Bruno and Grimm, Volker and Hodgson, David J and Lewis, Simon L and Mace, Georgina M and Morecroft, Michael and Moustakas, Aristides and Murphy, Eugene and Newbold, Tim and Norris, K J and Petchey, Owen and Smith, Matthew and Travis, Justin M J and Benton, Tim G},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2013.1452},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Evans et al. - 2013 - Predictive systems ecology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1471-2954},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society},
keywords = {Biological,Biological Evolution,Climate Change,Ecology,Ecology: methods,Ecosystem,Forecasting,Forecasting: methods,Humans,Models,Prediction,Systems Biology,Systems Biology: methods,Uncertainty},
mendeley-tags = {Prediction},
month = {nov},
number = {1771},
pages = {20131452},
pmid = {24089332},
title = {{Predictive systems ecology.}},
volume = {280},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Johnson2008,
abstract = {Many introductory ecology textbooks illustrate succession, at least in part, by using certain classic studies (e.g. sand dunes, ponds/bogs, glacial till, and old fields) that substituted space for time (chronosequence) in determining the sequences of the succession. Despite past criticisms of this method, there is continued, often uncritical, use of chronosequences in current research on topics besides succession, including temporal changes in biodiversity, productivity, nutrient cycling, etc. To show the problem with chronosequence-based studies in general, we review evidence from studies that used non-chronosequence methods (such as long-term study of permanent plots, palynology, and stand reconstruction) to test the space-for-time substitution in four classic succession studies. In several cases, the tests have used the same locations and, in one case, the same plots as those in the original studies. We show that empirical evidence invalidates the chronosequence-based sequences inferred in these classic studies.},
author = {Johnson, Edward a. and Miyanishi, Kiyoko},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01173.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Johnson, Miyanishi - 2008 - Testing the assumptions of chronosequences in succession.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-0248 (Electronic)$\backslash$n1461-023X (Linking)},
issn = {1461-023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Chronosequence,Dune succession,Glacial till succession,Hydrarch succession,Old-field succession,Vegetation change,Vegetation dynamics},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {419--431},
pmid = {18341585},
title = {{Testing the assumptions of chronosequences in succession}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01173.x},
volume = {11},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Soini2005,
abstract = {This study is about changes in land use and interactions of land use change and livelihoods in the Chagga farming system on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. An aerial photo interpretation and fragmentation analysis of the years 1961, 1982 and 2000 was conducted covering approximately the Kirua Vunjo Division, a transect of 152 km2 from the forest reserve edge to the plains. Earlier changes were traced from literature review. The results show the expansion of cultivation to more marginal land down the slope, the disappearance and extreme fragmentation of bush land and appearance and expansion of settlements. The home garden area has experienced some specific internal change, but has not expanded down the slope. In the 1960s there were small open fields and patches of grazing lands amongst home gardens. In the 1980s the area was more uniformly covered by homegardens. Since then it has become patchy again as new homesteads have been built on subdivided farms and more food is produced on the higher slopes. Population pressure and the ensuing expansion of agriculture to more marginal land, intensification of the homegarden system, together with climate changes affecting the water supplies, have caused changes in farmers' livelihoods. As land scarcity now hinders expansion of agriculture, farm size has seriously decreased, common resources have become scarce, and prices of coffee in the world market remain low, farmers are trying to intensify and diversify their farm production. Local initiative is leading to change, but the locally conceived alternatives are too few and lack integrated approaches of technical agricultural research, economic analysis, and policy studies and reforms. Non-agricultural activities and paid employment are becoming increasingly important. However, due to considerable entry barriers to remunerable off-farm jobs, not all households enjoy equal access to attractive non-farm opportunities. The future welfare of the area will depend on increasing the marketable knowledge and skills of the population that will enable it to become integrated in the economy of the region and the country. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Soini, Eija},
doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.013},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Soini - 2005 - Land use change patterns and livelihood dynamics on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0308-521X},
issn = {0308521X},
journal = {Agricultural Systems},
keywords = {Chagga,Diversification,Home gardens,Land use,Landscape,Occupational multiplicity},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {306--323},
title = {{Land use change patterns and livelihood dynamics on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308521X05000995},
volume = {85},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Abercrombie2016,
abstract = {Land cover and land use affect a wide range of regional-scale to global-scale ecosystem processes, and many Earth system models rely on accurate land cover information. However, multitemporal land cover products often show unrealistically high levels of year-to-year label change, particularly at coarse spatial resolution (i.e., 300–500 m). Much of this apparent land cover change arises from errors in classification and does not indicate real change in land cover or land use. In this paper, we present a novel framework that uses a hidden Markov model (HMM) to help distinguish real land cover change from spurious land cover changes in classification time series. We apply the HMM as a postprocessing step to supervised classification, and we solve for the optimal label sequence using existing HMM algorithms. Our results demonstrate that the HMM provides a rigorous framework for capturing temporal context and likelihood of land cover change at each pixel. We evaluated our approach using the MODIS Collection 5.1 Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1), focusing on areas that have experienced little change over the MODIS time series, and areas that have experienced well characterized change (e.g., deforestation). We show that the HMM method provides label sequences that are more accurate and that exhibit less year-to-year variability than label sequences produced by ensemble-decision-tree classification or by postprocessing heuristics that have been used in recent versions of MCD12Q1 product. The framework that we present offers an improvement over conventional multitemporal land cover classification methods, and it is widely applicable to problems in multitemporal land cover and land use monitoring.},
author = {Abercrombie, S. Parker and Friedl, Mark A.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2015.2463689},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Abercrombie, Friedl - 2016 - Improving the Consistency of Multitemporal Land Cover Maps Using a Hidden Markov Model.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0196-2892 VO - 54},
issn = {0196-2892},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
keywords = {Hidden Markov models (HMMs),image classification,land cover dynamics,remote sensing,vegetation mapping},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {703--713},
title = {{Improving the Consistency of Multitemporal Land Cover Maps Using a Hidden Markov Model}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7254169/},
volume = {54},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Scheper2014,
author = {Scheper, Jeroen and Reemer, Menno and van Kats, Ruud and Ozinga, Wim A and van der Linden, Giel T. J. and Schamin{\'{e}}e, Joop H. J. and Siepel, Henk and Kleijn, David},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1412973111},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2014/Scheper et al.{\_}2014{\_}Museum specimens reveal loss of pollen host plants as key factor driving wild bee decline in The Netherlands.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
month = {dec},
number = {49},
pages = {17552--17557},
title = {{Museum specimens reveal loss of pollen host plants as key factor driving wild bee decline in The Netherlands}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1412973111},
volume = {111},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Jung2018,
abstract = {Most land on Earth has been changed by humans and past changes of land can have lasting influences on current species assemblages. Yet few globally representative studies explicitly consider such influences even though auxiliary data, such as from remote sensing, are readily available. Time series of satellite‐derived data have been commonly used to quantify differences in land‐surface attributes such as vegetation cover, which will among other things be influenced by anthropogenic land conversions and modifications. Here we quantify differences in current and past (up to five years before sampling) vegetation cover, and assess whether such differences differentially influence taxonomic and functional groups of species assemblages between spatial pairs of sites. Specifically, we correlated between‐site dissimilarity in photosynthetic activity of vegetation (the Enhanced Vegetation Index) with the corresponding dissimilarity in local species assemblage composition from a global database using a common metric for both, the Bray‐Curtis index. We found that dissimilarity in species assemblage composition was on average more influenced by dissimilarity in past than current photosynthetic activity, and that the influence of past dissimilarity increased when longer time periods were considered. Responses to past dissimilarity in photosynthetic activity also differed among taxonomic groups (plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), with reptiles being among the most influenced by more dissimilar past photosynthetic activity. Furthermore, we found that assemblages dominated by smaller and more vegetation‐dependent species tended to be more influenced by dissimilarity in past photosynthetic activity than prey‐dependent species. Overall, our results have implications for studies that investigate species responses to current environmental changes and highlight the importance of past changes continuing to influence local species assemblage composition. We demonstrate how local species assemblages and satellite‐derived data can be linked and provide suggestions for future studies on how to assess the influence of past environmental changes on biodiversity.},
author = {Jung, Martin and Rowhani, Pedram and Newbold, Tim and Bentley, Laura and Purvis, Andy and Scharlemann, J. P. W.},
doi = {10.1111/ecog.04031},
issn = {09067590},
journal = {Ecography},
keywords = {EVI,MODIS,PREDICTS,biodiversity},
mendeley-tags = {EVI,MODIS,PREDICTS,biodiversity},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {670--682},
title = {{Local species assemblages are influenced more by past than current dissimilarities in photosynthetic activity}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ecog.04031},
volume = {42},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Huang2010,
abstract = {A highly automated algorithm called vegetation change tracker (VCT) has been developed for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). This algorithm is based on the spectral-temporal properties of land cover and forest change processes, and requires little or no fine tuning for most forests with closed or near close canopy cover. It was found very efficient, taking 2-3 h on average to analyze an LTSS consisting of 12 or more Landsat images using an average desktop PC. This LTSS-VCT approach has been used to examine disturbance patterns with a biennial temporal interval from 1984 to 2006 for many locations across the conterminous U.S. Accuracy assessment over 6 validation sites revealed that overall accuracies of around 80{\%} were achieved for disturbances mapped at individual year level. Average user's and producer's accuracies of the disturbance classes were around 70{\%} and 60{\%} in 5 of the 6 sites, respectively, suggesting that although forest disturbances were typically rare as compared with no-change classes, on average the VCT detected more than half of those disturbances with relatively low levels of false alarms. Field assessment revealed that VCT was able to detect most stand clearing disturbance events, including harvest, fire, and urban development, while some non-stand clearing events such as thinning and selective logging were also mapped in western U.S. The applicability of the LTSS-VCT approach depends on the availability of a temporally adequate supply of Landsat imagery. To ensure that forest disturbance records can be developed continuously in the future, it is necessary to plan and develop observational capabilities today that will allow continuous acquisition of frequent Landsat or Landsat-like observations. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Huang, Chengquan and Goward, Samuel N. and Masek, Jeffrey G. and Thomas, Nancy and Zhu, Zhiliang and Vogelmann, James E.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.017},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Huang et al. - 2010 - An automated approach for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using dense Landsat time series stacks.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Forest z-score (FZ),Integrated forest z-score (IFZ),Landsat time series stacks (LTSS),Vegetation change tracker (VCT)},
number = {1},
pages = {183--198},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{An automated approach for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using dense Landsat time series stacks}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.017},
volume = {114},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Garibaldi2011,
abstract = {Sustainable agricultural landscapes by definition provide high magnitude and stability of ecosystem services, biodiversity and crop productivity. However, few studies have considered landscape effects on the stability of ecosystem services. We tested whether isolation from florally diverse natural and semi-natural areas reduces the spatial and temporal stability of flower-visitor richness and pollination services in crop fields. We synthesised data from 29 studies with contrasting biomes, crop species and pollinator communities. Stability of flower-visitor richness, visitation rate (all insects except honey bees) and fruit set all decreased with distance from natural areas. At 1 km from adjacent natural areas, spatial stability decreased by 25, 16 and 9{\%} for richness, visitation and fruit set, respectively, while temporal stability decreased by 39{\%} for richness and 13{\%} for visitation. Mean richness, visitation and fruit set also decreased with isolation, by 34, 27 and 16{\%} at 1 km respectively. In contrast, honey bee visitation did not change with isolation and represented {\textgreater} 25{\%} of crop visits in 21 studies. Therefore, wild pollinators are relevant for crop productivity and stability even when honey bees are abundant. Policies to preserve and restore natural areas in agricultural landscapes should enhance levels and reliability of pollination services.},
author = {Garibaldi, Lucas a. and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and Kremen, Claire and Morales, Juan M. and Bommarco, Riccardo and Cunningham, Saul a. and Carvalheiro, Lu{\'{i}}sa G. and Chacoff, Natacha P. and Dudenh{\"{o}}ffer, Jan H. and Greenleaf, Sarah S. and Holzschuh, Andrea and Isaacs, Rufus and Krewenka, Kristin and Mandelik, Yael and Mayfield, Margaret M. and Morandin, Lora a. and Potts, Simon G. and Ricketts, Taylor H. and Szentgy{\"{o}}rgyi, Hajnalka and Viana, Blandina F. and Westphal, Catrin and Winfree, Rachael and Klein, Alexandra M.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01669.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Garibaldi et al.{\_}2011{\_}Stability of pollination services decreases with isolation from natural areas despite honey bee visits.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Apis mellifera,Bombus spp.,Review,Stablity,ecosystem services,flower visitors,landscape management,pollinator services,richness,spatial stability,sustainable agricultural landscapes,temporal stability},
mendeley-tags = {Review,Stablity},
month = {jul},
number = {10},
pages = {1062--1072},
title = {{Stability of pollination services decreases with isolation from natural areas despite honey bee visits}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01669.x},
volume = {14},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Duncan2015,
abstract = {AimGlobal environmental change, through anthropogenic activities and climatic changes, is promoting broad-scale alterations to energy availability across the world's ecosystems. However, spatio-temporal variation in available energy is a key driver of animals' life histories, movement patterns and abundance, thus shaping the global distribution of individuals and species. As such, there is an increasing need to understand how and where changes to energy availability will produce the greatest impacts on animal ecology, and ultimately on the distribution of biodiversity. LocationGlobal. MethodsWe compiled data from the published literature where attempts (n=171) have been made to find linkages between prevailing energy availability (primary productivity, indexed by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) and ecological parameters (abundance, distribution and life histories) for bird and mammal species. We extracted information on trophic level (diet) and body mass for the species considered in these studies, as well as long-term site-specific average energy availability, and levels of seasonality and interannual stability (all indexed using NDVI-based metrics as proxies). We conducted a GLMM analysis to assess how these variables may structure the variability in the reported linkages between prevailing energy availability and the considered ecological parameters. ResultsOur analysis revealed that the strength of the reported relationships between metrics of prevailing energy availability and ecological parameters was highest in environments with high long-term interannual stability in available energy, and for larger, non-carnivorous animals. Importantly, we found no support for an influence of long-term site-specific average energy availability on the strength of these relationships. Main conclusionsOverall, our results support the hypothesis that temporal stability in energy availability is a key factor controlling animal ecology over total available energy itself. These results may have some important implications for the future health and conservation requirements of currently largely stable regions under global environmental change.},
author = {Duncan, Clare and Chauvenet, Ali{\'{e}}nor L M and Brown, Molly E and Pettorelli, Nathalie},
doi = {10.1111/ddi.12270},
editor = {Heikkinen, Risto},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Duncan et al. - 2015 - Energy availability, spatio-temporal variability and implications for animal ecology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13669516},
journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
keywords = {body mass,energy,interannual variability,macro-ecology,ndvi,trophic level},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {290--301},
title = {{Energy availability, spatio-temporal variability and implications for animal ecology}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ddi.12270},
volume = {21},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Ghazoul2015,
author = {Ghazoul, Jaboury and Burivalova, Zuzana and Garcia-Ulloa, John and King, Lisa A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ghazoul et al. - 2015 - Conceptualizing Forest Degradation.pdf:pdf},
issn = {01695347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {622--632},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Conceptualizing Forest Degradation}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534715001913},
volume = {30},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Brede2015,
abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}The Amazon rainforests represent the largest connected forested area in the tropics and play an integral role in the global carbon cycle. In the last years the discussion about their phenology and response to drought has intensified. A recent study argued that seasonality in greenness expressed as Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is an artifact of variations in sun-sensor geometry throughout the year. We aimed to reproduce these results with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD43 product suite, which allows modeling the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and keeping sun-sensor geometry constant. The derived BRDF-adjusted EVI was spatially aggregated over large areas of central Amazon forests. The resulting time series of EVI spanning the 2000-2013 period contained distinct seasonal patterns with peak values at the onset of the dry season, but also followed the same pattern of sun geometry expressed as Solar Zenith Angle (SZA). Additionally, we assessed EVI's sensitivity to precipitation anomalies. For that we compared BRDF-adjusted EVI dry season anomalies to two drought indices (Maximum Cumulative Water Deficit, Standardized Precipitation Index). This analysis covered the whole of Amazonia and data from the years 2000 to 2013. The results showed no meaningful connection between EVI anomalies and drought. This is in contrast to other studies that investigate the drought impact on EVI and forest photosynthetic capacity. The results from both sub-analyses question the predictive power of EVI for large scale assessments of forest ecosystem functioning in Amazonia. Based on the presented results, we recommend a careful evaluation of the EVI for applications in tropical forests, including rigorous validation supported by ground plots.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
author = {Brede, B. and Verbesselt, J. and Dutrieux, L. and Herold, M.},
doi = {10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-337-2015},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brede et al. - 2015 - Performance of the Enhanced Vegetation Index to Detect Inner-annual Dry Season and Drought Impacts on Amazon Fores.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2194-9034},
journal = {ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences},
keywords = {amazon rainforests,drought impact,dry season leaf flush,enhanced vegetation index,sun-sensor geometry effects},
number = {7},
pages = {337--344},
title = {{Performance of the Enhanced Vegetation Index to Detect Inner-annual Dry Season and Drought Impacts on Amazon Forest Canopies}},
url = {http://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XL-7-W3/337/2015/},
volume = {XL-7/W3},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Bland2015,
author = {Bland, Lucie M. and Collen, Ben and Orme, C. David L. and Bielby, Jon},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.12372},
issn = {08888892},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
keywords = {indicators,mammals,predictive modeling,red lists,threatened species},
number = {1},
pages = {250--259},
title = {{Predicting the conservation status of data-deficient species}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/cobi.12372},
volume = {29},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Kuemmerle2013,
abstract = {Future increases in land-based production will need to focus more on sustainably intensifying existing production systems. Unfortunately, our understanding of the global patterns of land use intensity is weak, partly because land use intensity is a complex, multidimensional term, and partly because we lack appropriate datasets to assess land use intensity across broad geographic extents. Here, we review the state of the art regarding approaches for mapping land use intensity and provide a comprehensive overview of available global-scale datasets on land use intensity. We also outline major challenges and opportunities for mapping land use intensity for cropland, grazing, and forestry systems, and identify key issues for future research.},
author = {Kuemmerle, Tobias and Erb, Karlheinz and Meyfroidt, Patrick and M{\"{u}}ller, Daniel and Verburg, Peter H and Estel, Stephan and Haberl, Helmut and Hostert, Patrick and Jepsen, Martin R and Kastner, Thomas and Levers, Christian and Lindner, Marcus and Plutzar, Christoph and Verkerk, Pieter Johannes and van der Zanden, Emma H and Reenberg, Anette},
doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2013.06.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2013/Kuemmerle et al.{\_}2013{\_}Challenges and opportunities in mapping land use intensity globally.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1877-3435},
journal = {Current opinion in environmental sustainability},
month = {oct},
number = {5},
pages = {484--493},
pmid = {24143157},
title = {{Challenges and opportunities in mapping land use intensity globally.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3798043{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {5},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Sorensen2012,
author = {S{\o}rensen, PB and Damgaard, Christian F. and Strandberg, Beate and Dupont, Yoko L. and Pedersen, Marianne B. and Carvalheiro, Luisa G. and Biesmeijer, Jacobus C. and Olsen, Jens Mogens and Hagen, Melanie and Potts, Simon G.},
journal = {{\ldots} of Pollination Ecology},
keywords = {Interaction Networks,Method-Paper,bayesian method,dupont et al,ecological network,modularity,olesen et al,patterns of,plant-animal pollination data analysis,small,under-sampled data sets,world properties},
mendeley-tags = {Interaction Networks,Method-Paper},
number = {December},
pages = {129--139},
title = {{A method for under-sampled ecological network data analysis: plant-pollination as case study}},
url = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/224927775{\_}A{\_}method{\_}for{\_}under-sampled{\_}ecological{\_}network{\_}data{\_}analysis{\_}plant-pollination{\_}as{\_}case{\_}study/file/9fcfd4fab72bcb2e62.pdf},
volume = {6},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Richardson2016,
author = {Richardson, Jonathan L. and Brady, Steven P. and Wang, Ian J. and Spear, Stephen F.},
doi = {10.1111/mec.13527},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Richardson et al. - 2016 - Navigating the pitfalls and promise of landscape genetics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09621083},
journal = {Molecular Ecology},
month = {jan},
pages = {n/a--n/a},
title = {{Navigating the pitfalls and promise of landscape genetics}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mec.13527},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Sanderson2006,
abstract = {We present the first continent-wide analysis of the population trends of European breeding birds to show that populations of Afro-Palearctic migrant birds have shown a pattern of sustained, often severe, decline. The mean trend of inter-continental migrants was significantly negative between 1970 and 1990 and non-significantly so between 1990 and 2000. Mean population trends were positively correlated between periods, suggesting little change in the trajectory of most migrant species' populations over this 30-year period. In both periods, trends of inter-continental migrants were significantly more negative than those of short-distance migrants or residents. This negative trend appeared to be largely, although not entirely, due to declines in species wintering in dry, open habitats in Africa. Analyses of trends of 30 closely related pairs of species, one a long-distance migrant and the other not, indicated significantly more negative trends in the former, irrespective of breeding habitat. Conservation action to address these declines is required under the Convention on Migratory Species and the Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy, to which most European countries are signatories and which aim, respectively, to conserve migratory species and to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Our results indicate that more conservation action may be required outside Europe to achieve these targets. Further research is needed to assess whether the declines are caused by factors operating on the birds' wintering grounds, breeding grounds or on migration routes, and to identify ways to reverse them. {\textcopyright} 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Sanderson, Fiona J. and Donald, Paul F. and Pain, Deborah J. and Burfield, Ian J. and van Bommel, Frans P.J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/1-s2.0-S000632070600070X-main.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0006-3207},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
keywords = {2010 Target,Afro-Palearctic migrants,Europe,Mixed models,Population trends},
number = {1},
pages = {93--105},
pmid = {1608},
title = {{Long-term population declines in Afro-Palearctic migrant birds}},
volume = {131},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Zhang2006,
abstract = {In the last two decades the availability of global remote sensing data sets has provided a new means of studying global patterns and dynamics in vegetation. The vast majority of previous work in this domain has used data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, which until recently was the primary source of global land remote sensing data. In recent years, however, a number of new remote sensing data sources have become available that have significantly improved the capability of remote sensing to monitor global ecosystem dynamics. In this paper, we describe recent results using data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to study global vegetation phenology. Using a novel new method based on fitting piecewise logistic models to time series data from MODIS, key transition dates in the annual cycle(s) of vegetation growth can be estimated in an ecologically realistic fashion. Using this method we have produced global maps of seven phenological metrics at 1-km spatial resolution for all ecosystems exhibiting identifiable annual phenologies. These metrics include the date of year for (1) the onset of greenness increase (greenup), (2) the onset of greenness maximum (maturity), (3) the onset of greenness decrease (senescence), and (4) the onset of greenness minimum (dormancy). The three remaining metrics are the growing season minimum, maximum, and summation of the enhanced vegetation index derived from MODIS. Comparison of vegetation phenology retrieved from MODIS with in situ measurements shows that these metrics provide realistic estimates of the four transition dates identified above. More generally, the spatial distribution of phenological metrics estimated from MODIS data is qualitatively realistic, and exhibits strong correspondence with temperature patterns in mid- and high-latitude climates, with rainfall seasonality in seasonally dry climates, and with cropping patterns in agricultural areas.},
author = {Zhang, Xiaoyang and Friedl, Mark a. and Schaaf, Crystal B.},
doi = {10.1029/2006JG000217},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang, Friedl, Schaaf - 2006 - Global vegetation phenology from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Evaluation of glob.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0148-0227},
issn = {01480227},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
keywords = {MODIS data,climate,doi:10.1029/2006JG000217,global vegetation phenology,http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000217,phenological metrics,validation},
month = {dec},
number = {G4},
pages = {1--14},
title = {{Global vegetation phenology from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Evaluation of global patterns and comparison with in situ measurements}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JG000217},
volume = {111},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Auffret2018,
author = {Auffret, Alistair G. and Kimberley, Adam and Plue, Jan and Wald{\'{e}}n, Emelie},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-05991-y},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Auffret et al. - 2018 - Super-regional land-use change and effects on the grassland specialist flora.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {4146701805},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nature Communications},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {3464},
publisher = {Springer US},
title = {{Super-regional land-use change and effects on the grassland specialist flora}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05991-y},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{DeVries2015b,
author = {DeVries, Ben and Verbesselt, Jan and Kooistra, Lammert and Herold, Martin},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.012},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/DeVries et al. - 2015 - Robust monitoring of small-scale forest disturbances in a tropical montane forest using Landsat time series.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {BFAST Monitor,Change detection,Disturbance monitoring,Landsat,Time series analysis,Tropical forests},
month = {may},
pages = {107--121},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Robust monitoring of small-scale forest disturbances in a tropical montane forest using Landsat time series}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425715000656},
volume = {161},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Bellemare2002,
abstract = {Aim and location: The research investigated the long-term effects of human disturbance, namely nineteenth century agricultural land-use, on the modern species composition, structure and distribution of Rich Mesic Forests (RMF) in western Massachusetts, USA, RMF are a species-rich north-eastern variant of the Mixed Mesophytic Forest Type of eastern North America. Methods: Land-use history patterns were reconstructed for two towns (c. 16,000 ha) from the onset of widespread European settlement and agricultural land-use in the late eighteenth century until present. Vegetation and a range of environmental variables were sampled in sixty-one 10 {\~{A}}— 10 m plots in thirty-four forest stands with varying histories of human disturbance. Vegetation data were ordinated (DCA) to identify patterns of variation and related environmental and historical factors. The distribution patterns of individual taxa in relation to historical land-use and environmental factors were analysed using G-tests of independence and logistic regression. Associations between species secondary forest colonization ability and life history characteristics (e.g. diaspore dispersal mode, degree of vegetative spread) were assessed. Results: Persistent compositional differences were documented between the vegetation of primary forests and post-agricultural, secondary forests indicating that distribution patterns for many plant species still reflect the open, agricultural environment of the nineteenth century, despite the current predominance of forest cover in the study area. A major factor driving modern vegetation patterns in RMF is the ability and rate of colonization by forest herbs. In particular, species with seeds lacking morphological adaptations for dispersal (barochores) and those which produce seeds with elaiosomes to encourage ant dispersal (myrmecochores) are less frequent in secondary forests. Environmental differences between primary and secondary forests, although present, appear to be less important in influencing species distribution patterns. Main conclusions: Widespread agricultural land-use represents a novel disturbance in the naturally forested ecosystems of eastern North America with long-term impacts on plant community composition and structure. Many secondary forest sites that are environmentally suitable for RMF vegetation do not support the suite of plant species typical of this community type, apparently because of the dispersal limitations of certain forest herbs. These poorly dispersed herb taxa are well adapted for growth in stable forest ecosystems characterized by local, small-scale disturbance (e.g. gap-phase dynamics), yet are maladapted for rapid population recovery and recolonization following severe disturbance (e.g. agricultural land-use).},
author = {Bellemare, Jesse and Motzkin, Glenn and Foster, David R.},
doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00762.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bellemare, Motzkin, Foster - 2002 - Legacies of the agricultural past in the forested present an assessment of historical land-use effec.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0305-0270},
issn = {0305-0270},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
keywords = {Disturbance,Forest herbs,Land-use,Mixed Mesophytic Forest,Relict populations,Rich Mesic Forest,Seed dispersal},
month = {oct},
number = {10-11},
pages = {1401--1420},
pmid = {2780},
title = {{Legacies of the agricultural past in the forested present: an assessment of historical land-use effects on rich mesic forests}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00762.x},
volume = {29},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Franca2016,
author = {Fran{\c{c}}a, Filipe and Louzada, Julio and Korasaki, Vanesca and Griffiths, Hannah and Silveira, Juliana M. and Barlow, Jos},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12657},
editor = {Nally, Ralph Mac},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fran{\c{c}}a et al. - 2016 - Do space-for-time assessments underestimate the impacts of logging on tropical biodiversity An Amazonian case stu.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218901},
journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {1098--1105},
title = {{Do space-for-time assessments underestimate the impacts of logging on tropical biodiversity? An Amazonian case study using dung beetles}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2664.12657},
volume = {53},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Lhermitte2010,
abstract = {Although the regeneration index based on control plots provides a valuable tool to quantify fire impact and subsequent vegetation regrowth, the practical implementation at large scale levels remains limited due to the need for detailed reference maps. The objective of this research therefore was the development of an image-based selection approach for control pixels based on time series similarity (TSS). The TSS approach allows the computation of a per-pixel regeneration index on regional to global scale without the need for reference maps. Evaluation of the control plot selection approaches based on un-burnt focal pixels confirmed the validity of the TSS approach and showed optimal results for the TSS(RMSD) approach with x = 4 and N(T) = 8 due to beneficial averaging effects and minimal window size effects. As such, the effects of spatial heterogeneity and noise are minimized and a preliminary quality indicator can be derived.},
author = {Lhermitte, Stefaan and Verbesselt, Jan and Verstraeten, Willem W and Coppin, Pol},
doi = {0099-1112/10/7606–0673},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lhermitte et al. - 2010 - A Pixel Based Regeneration Index using Time Series Similarity and Spatial Context.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {ISSN{\~{}}{\~{}}0099-1112},
issn = {00991112},
journal = {Photogrammetric Engineering Remote Sensing},
number = {6},
pages = {673--682},
title = {{A Pixel Based Regeneration Index using Time Series Similarity and Spatial Context}},
volume = {76},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Rocchini2008,
abstract = {Remotely sensed imagery has long been recognized as a powerful support for characterizing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance allows us to quantitatively estimate the amount of turnover in species composition with respect to spectral and ecological variability. In classical regression analysis, the residual sum of squares is minimized for the mean of the dependent variable distribution. However, many ecological data sets are characterized by a high number of zeroes that add noise to the regression model. Quantile regressions can be used to evaluate trend in the upper quantiles rather than a mean trend across the whole distribution of the dependent variable. In this letter, we used ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regressions to estimate the decay of species similarity versus spectral distance. The achieved decay rates were statistically nonzero (p {\textless} 0.01), considering both OLS and quantile regressions. Nonetheless, the OLS regression estimate of the mean decay rate was only half the decay rate indicated by the upper quantiles. Moreover, the intercept value, representing the similarity reached when the spectral distance approaches zero, was very low compared with the intercepts of the upper quantiles, which detected high species similarity when habitats are more similar. In this letter, we demonstrated the power of using quantile regressions applied to spectral distance decay to reveal species diversity patterns otherwise lost or underestimated by OLS regression.},
author = {Rocchini, Duccio and Cade, Brian S.},
doi = {10.1109/LGRS.2008.2001767},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rocchini, Cade - 2008 - Quantile Regression Applied to Spectral Distance Decay.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1545-598X},
issn = {1545-598X},
journal = {IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters},
keywords = {Biodiversity,Distance decay,Environmental gradients,Quantile regressions},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {640--643},
title = {{Quantile Regression Applied to Spectral Distance Decay}},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4656450},
volume = {5},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Cohen2003,
abstract = {By 2050, the human population will probably be larger by 2 to 4 billion people, more slowly growing (declining in the more developed regions), more urban, especially in less developed regions, and older than in the 20th century. Two major demographic uncertainties in the next 50 years concern international migration and the structure of families. Economies, nonhuman environments, and cultures (including values, religions, and politics) strongly influence demographic changes. Hence, human choices, individual and collective, will have demographic effects, intentional or otherwise.},
author = {Cohen, Joel E},
doi = {10.1126/science.1088665},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2003/Cohen{\_}2003{\_}Human population the next half century.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1095-9203},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
number = {2003},
pages = {1172--1175},
pmid = {14615528},
title = {{Human population: the next half century.}},
volume = {302},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Dreier2014,
author = {Dreier, Stephanie and Redhead, John W. and Warren, Ian a. and Bourke, Andrew F. G. and Heard, Matthew S. and Jordan, William C. and Sumner, Seirian and Wang, Jinliang and Carvell, Claire},
doi = {10.1111/mec.12823},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dreier et al. - 2014 - Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of common and declining bumble bees across an agricultural landscape.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09621083},
journal = {Molecular Ecology},
keywords = {bombus,conservation,isolation by distance,microsatellite,queen dispersal,related-},
month = {jul},
number = {14},
pages = {3384--3395},
title = {{Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of common and declining bumble bees across an agricultural landscape}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mec.12823},
volume = {23},
year = {2014}
}
@misc{Oksanen2015,
abstract = {The vegan package provides tools for descriptive community ecology. It has most basic functions of diversity analysis, community ordination and dissimilarity analysis. Most of its multivariate tools can be used for other data types as well. The functions in the vegan package contain tools for diversity analysis (see vignette vegandocs("diversity")), ordination and analysis of dissimilarities (see vignette vegandocs("intro")). Together with the labdsv package, the vegan package provides most standard tools of descriptive community anal- ysis. Package ade4 provides an alternative comprehensive package, and several other packages complement vegan and provide tools for deeper analysis in specific fields. Package BiodiversityR provides a GUI for a large subset of vegan functionality. The vegan package is developed at R-Forge (http://vegan.r-forge.r-project.org). The R- Forge provides up-to-date information and mailing lists for help queries and bug reports. Bug reports can also be emailed to the function authors or to the package maintainers. The vegan documents can be read with vegandocs function. In addition to vignettes of basic us- age, you can read NEWS on the newfeatures and bug fixes in the release version (vegandocs("NEWS")), and more technical and fine grained ChangeLog (vegandocs("Change")). Several frequently asked questions really are answered in the vegan FAQ(vegandocs("FAQ")). The discussion on design de- cisions can be read with vegandocs("decision"). A tutorial of the package at http://cc.oulu. fi/{\~{}}jarioksa/opetus/metodi/vegantutor.pdf provides a more thorough introduction to the package. To see the preferable citation of the package, type citation("vegan")},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
author = {Oksanen, Jari and Blanchet, F. Guillaume and Kindt, Roeland and Legendre, Pierre and Minchin, Peter R. and O'Hara, R. B. and Simpson, Gavin L. and Solymos, Peter and Stevens, M. Henry H. and Wagner, Helene},
booktitle = {R package version 2.3-1},
doi = {10.4135/9781412971874.n145},
eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
isbn = {9781412996808},
issn = {19806442},
pages = {264},
pmid = {17666792},
title = {{vegan: Community Ecology Package}},
url = {http://cran.r-project.org/package=vegan},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Fahrig2011,
abstract = {Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes can be increased with conversion of some production lands into 'more-natural'- unmanaged or extensively managed - lands. However, it remains unknown to what extent biodiversity can be enhanced by altering landscape pattern without reducing agricultural production. We propose a framework for this problem, considering separately compositional heterogeneity (the number and proportions of different cover types) and configurational heterogeneity (the spatial arrangement of cover types). Cover type classification and mapping is based on species requirements, such as feeding and nesting, resulting in measures of 'functional landscape heterogeneity'. We then identify three important questions: does biodiversity increase with (1) increasing heterogeneity of the more-natural areas, (2) increasing compositional heterogeneity of production cover types and (3) increasing configurational heterogeneity of production cover types? We discuss approaches for addressing these questions. Such studies should have high priority because biodiversity protection globally depends increasingly on maintaining biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes.},
author = {Fahrig, Lenore and Baudry, Jacques and Brotons, Llu{\'{i}}s and Burel, Fran{\c{c}}oise G. and Crist, Thomas O. and Fuller, Robert J. and Sirami, Clelia and Siriwardena, Gavin M. and Martin, Jean-Louis},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01559.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fahrig et al. - 2011 - Functional landscape heterogeneity and animal biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-023X},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Agri-environment scheme,Crop diversity,Field margins,Field size,Habitat fragmentation,Intermediate heterogeneity hypothesis,Landscape complementation,Landscape composition,Landscape configuration,Spatial heterogeneity},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {101--112},
pmid = {21087380},
title = {{Functional landscape heterogeneity and animal biodiversity in agricultural landscapes}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01559.x},
volume = {14},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Seiferling2012,
abstract = {Protected areas cover over 12{\%} of the terrestrial surface of Earth, and yet many fail to protect species and ecological processes as originally envisioned. Results of recent studies suggest that a critical reason for this failure is an increasing contrast between the protected lands and the surrounding matrix of often highly altered land cover. We measured the isolation of 114 protected areas distributed worldwide by comparing vegetation-cover heterogeneity inside protected areas with heterogeneity outside the protected areas. We quantified heterogeneity as the contagion of greenness on the basis of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values, for which a higher value of contagion indicates less heterogeneous land cover. We then measured isolation as the difference between mean contagion inside the protected area and mean contagion in 3 buffer areas of increasing distance from the protected-area border. The isolation of protected areas was significantly positive in 110 of the 114 areas, indicating that vegetation cover was consistently more heterogeneous 10-20 km outside protected areas than inside their borders. Unlike previous researchers, we found that protected areas in which low levels of human activity are allowed were more isolated than areas in which high levels are allowed. Our method is a novel way to assess the isolation of protected areas in different environmental contexts and regions.},
author = {Seiferling, Ian S and Proulx, Rapha{\"{e}}l and Peres-Neto, Pedro R and Fahrig, Lenore and Messier, Christian},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01674.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Seiferling et al. - 2012 - Measuring protected-area isolation and correlations of isolation with land-use intensity and protection statu.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01674.x},
issn = {1523-1739},
journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology},
keywords = {Complexity,Fragmentation,Landcover heterogeneity,Landscape matrix,NDVI,Parks,Reserves},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pages = {610--8},
pmid = {21488956},
title = {{Measuring protected-area isolation and correlations of isolation with land-use intensity and protection status.}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01674.x http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488956},
volume = {26},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Cameron2018,
author = {Cameron, Erin K. and Martins, In{\^{e}}s S. and Lavelle, Patrick and Mathieu, J{\'{e}}r{\^{o}}me and Tedersoo, Leho and Gottschall, Felix and Guerra, Carlos A. and Hines, Jes and Patoine, Guillaume and Siebert, Julia and Winter, Marten and Cesarz, Simone and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel and Ferlian, Olga and Fierer, Noah and Kreft, Holger and Lovejoy, Thomas E. and Montanarella, Luca and Orgiazzi, Alberto and Pereira, Henrique M. and Phillips, Helen R. P. and Settele, Josef and Wall, Diana H. and Eisenhauer, Nico},
doi = {10.1038/s41559-018-0573-8},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cameron et al. - 2018 - Global gaps in soil biodiversity data.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {4155901805738},
issn = {2397-334X},
journal = {Nature Ecology {\&} Evolution},
month = {jun},
pages = {6--7},
title = {{Global gaps in soil biodiversity data}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0573-8},
volume = {in press},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Blair1996,
author = {Blair, RB},
journal = {Ecological applications},
keywords = {Birds,Land use,Urban Ecology,birds,canonical correspondence,human disturbance,land use,species diversity,species richness,urbanization,ysis},
mendeley-tags = {Birds,Land use,Urban Ecology},
number = {2},
pages = {506--519},
title = {{Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2307/2269387},
volume = {6},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Chazdon2008a,
abstract = {Despite continued forest conversion and degradation, forest cover is increasing in countries across the globe. New forests are regenerating on former agricultural land, and forest plantations are being established for commercial and restoration purposes. Plantations and restored forests can improve ecosystem services and enhance biodiversity conservation, but will not match the composition and structure of the original forest cover. Approaches to restoring forest ecosystems depend strongly on levels of forest and soil degradation, residual vegetation, and desired restoration outcomes. Opportunities abound to combine ambitious forest restoration and regeneration goals with sustainable rural livelihoods and community participation. New forests will require adaptive management as dynamic, resilient systems that can withstand stresses of climate change, habitat fragmentation, and other anthropogenic effects.},
author = {Chazdon, Robin L},
doi = {10.1126/science.1155365},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chazdon - 2008 - Beyond Deforestation Restoring Forests and Ecosystem Services on Degraded Lands.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {jun},
number = {5882},
pages = {1458--1460},
pmid = {18556551},
title = {{Beyond Deforestation: Restoring Forests and Ecosystem Services on Degraded Lands}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556551 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1155365},
volume = {320},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Brooks1998,
abstract = {The forests of the Taita Hills of south-east Kenya are of great importance to conservation, holding three endemic birds and many other endemic taxa. We surveyed birds in their remaining forest fragments in July-August 1996, and followed up these surveys with collection of remote sensing imagery of the area, an assessment of museum specimens and a thorough literature review. In this paper we assess the conservation status in the Taita Hills of their 47 species of forest birds. We conclude with general recommendations for the conservation of the area.},
author = {Brooks, Thomas and Lens, Luc and Barnes, Jim and Barnes, Roger and Kihuria, John Kageche and Wilder, Christine},
doi = {10.1017/S0959270900003221},
isbn = {1474-0001},
issn = {0959-2709},
journal = {Bird Conservation International},
month = {may},
number = {02},
pages = {119--140},
title = {{The conservation status of the forest birds of the Taita Hills, Kenya}},
volume = {8},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Supp2014,
abstract = {Communities are comprised of individual species that respond to changes in their environment depending in part on their niche requirements. These species comprise the biodiversity of any given community. Common biodiversity metrics such as richness, evenness, and the species abundance distribution are frequently used to describe biodiversity across ecosystems and taxonomic groups. While it is increasingly clear that researchers will need to forecast changes in biodiversity, ecology currently lacks a framework for understanding the natural background variability in biodiversity or how biodiversity patterns will respond to environmental change. We predict that while species populations depend on local ecological mechanisms (e.g., niche processes) and should respond strongly to disturbance, community- level properties that emerge from these species should generally be less sensitive to disturbance because they depend on regional mechanisms (e.g., compensatory dynamics). Using published data from terrestrial animal communities, we show that community-level properties were generally resilient under a suite of artificial and natural manipulations. In contrast, species responded readily to manipulation. Our results suggest that community-level measures are poor indicators of change, perhaps because many systems display strong compensatory dynamics maintaining community-level properties. We suggest that ecologists consider using multiple metrics that measure composition and structure in biodiversity response studies.},
author = {Supp, Sarah R. and Ernest, S. K Morgan},
doi = {10.1890/13-2250.1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Supp, Ernest - 2014 - Species-level and community-level responses to disturbance a cross-community analysis.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0012-9658},
issn = {0012-9658},
journal = {Ecology},
keywords = {Abundance,Biodiversity,Community properties,Compensatory dynamics,Disturbance,Resilience,Richness,Species populations},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {1717--1723},
pmid = {25163105},
title = {{Species-level and community-level responses to disturbance: a cross-community analysis}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/13-2250.1},
volume = {95},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Fisher2006,
abstract = {Despite the large number of in situ, plot-level phenological measurements and satellite-derived phenological studies, there has been little success to date in merging these records temporally or spatially. In this research, we bridge this scale gap through higher resolution satellite records (Landsat) and quantify the accuracy of satellite-derived metrics with direct field measurements. We compiled fifty-seven Landsat scenes from southern New England (P12 R51) from 1984 to 2002. Green vegetation areal abundance for each scene was derived from spectral mixture analysis and a single set of endmembers. The leaf area signal was fit with a logistic-growth simulating sigmoid curve to derive phenological markers (half-maximum leaf-onset and offset). Spring leaf-onset dates in homogenous stands of deciduous forests displayed significant and persistent local variability. The local variability was validated with multiple springtime ground observations (r2= 0.91). The highest degree of verified small-scale variation occurred where contiguous forests displayed leaf-onset gradients of 10-14 days over short distances ({\textless} 500 m). These dramatic gradients occur in of low-relief ({\textless} 40 m) upland regions. The patterns suggest that microclimates resulting from springtime cold-air drainage may be influential in governing the start of leaf growth; every 4.16 m loss in elevation delayed spring leaf onset by 1 day. These microclimates may be of crucial importance in interpreting in situ records and interpolating phenology from satellite data. Regional patterns from the Landsat analyses suggest topographic, coastal, and land-use controls on phenology. Our results indicate that deciduous forests in the Providence, RI metropolitan area leaf out 5-7 days earlier than comparable rural areas. The platform-independent curve-fit methodology may be extended across platforms and field data. The methodologically consistent approach, in tandem with Landsat data, allows an effective scaling from plot to satellite phenological observations. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
author = {Fisher, Jeremy Isaac and Mustard, John F. and Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2005.10.022},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fisher, Mustard, Vadeboncoeur - 2006 - Green leaf phenology at Landsat resolution Scaling from the field to the satellite.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Deciduous forest,Green leaf phenology,Landsat vegetation and climate dynamics,Microclimate,New England,Urban heat island},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {265--279},
title = {{Green leaf phenology at Landsat resolution: Scaling from the field to the satellite}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425705003597},
volume = {100},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Krauss2009,
abstract = {Within highly modified European landscapes, limestone quarries can act as important secondary habitats for a range of endangered wild bee species. However, the relative influence of quarry habitat area, habitat age and within-habitat diversity on the conservation value of these secondary habitats is mainly unknown. 2 We assessed species richness and abundance of wild bees by variable transect walks in 24 limestone quarries ranging in size from 0{\textperiodcentered}01 to 21{\textperiodcentered}2 ha. Species traits such as social status, resource specialization and nesting substrate were used to define functional guilds of bees. 3 In total, 41{\%} of all wild bee species known from southern Lower Saxony, Germany, were found in the studied quarries. Total species richness increased with habitat area but, in contrast to our expectations, not with habitat age, although we tested an age gradient of over 120 years. Solitary species were more strongly affected by decreasing habitat area than social species but response did not differ with respect to habitat age. 4 Hierarchical partitioning analyses revealed that habitat area per se, within-habitat diversity and sampling effort were of similar importance in explaining species richness patterns. 5 Synthesis and applications. Even newly created limestone quarries provide an important secondary habitat for wild bees. Therefore, maintenance and management of secondary succession of these sites should be given high priority in species conservation plans. Landscape management schemes involving filling or flooding such quarries should be prevented.},
author = {Krauss, Jochen and Alfert, Thomas and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01582.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2009/Krauss, Alfert, Steffan-Dewenter{\_}2009{\_}Habitat area but not habitat age determines wild bee richness in limestone quarries.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00218901},
journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Age-Corellation,Apiformes,Bee,Paper,Stablity,conservation,habitat fragmentation,habitat heterogeneity,habitat quality,life-history traits,pollinators,secondary habitats,species–area relationships,succession},
mendeley-tags = {Age-Corellation,Bee,Paper,Stablity},
month = {feb},
number = {1},
pages = {194--202},
title = {{Habitat area but not habitat age determines wild bee richness in limestone quarries}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01582.x},
volume = {46},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Ebeling2011,
abstract = {Although most plants benefit from pollen vectors, very little information exists about how plant diversity structures the interactions between plants and their flower visitors. The structure of such interaction webs holds information about specialization and effectiveness of flower visitors in flower resource use. Here, we analyzed 52 plant–flower visitor interaction webs along a gradient of experimentally manipulated plant species richness in a European grassland. The gradient allows testing for effects of the number of flowering plant species per se. Linkage density and interaction diversity between flowering plant species and their visiting insect species increased with higher richness of flowering species. Increased interaction diversity led to smaller temporal variability in the frequency of flower visits. These results suggest higher temporal stability of pollination provided for plants integrated in complex interaction webs with a high number of flowering plant species. Flower resource specialization of solitary bees, but not of honey and bumble bees, increased with increasing flowering plant species richness. Conservation of diverse grasslands can result in high flower specialization and may promote effectiveness of pollination services.},
author = {Ebeling, Anne and Klein, Alexandra-Maria Maria AM and Tscharntke, Teja},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2011.04.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Ebeling, Klein, Tscharntke{\_}2011{\_}Plant–flower visitor interaction webs Temporal stability and pollinator specialization increases along a.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1439-1791},
issn = {14391791},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
keywords = {159,49 03641 949402,49 03641 949417,Biodiversity experiment,Bumble bees,Community Network,Grassland,Honey bees,Paper,Plant-Flower,Solitary bees,Temporal stability,a,anne,biodiversity experiment,bumble bees,corresponding author at,d-07743 jena,de,dornburger str,e-mail address,ebeling,fax,germany,grassland,honey bees,institute of ecology,solitary bees,tel,temporal stability,uni-jena,university of jena},
mendeley-tags = {Community Network,Grassland,Paper,Plant-Flower},
month = {jun},
number = {4},
pages = {300--309},
publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},
title = {{Plant–flower visitor interaction webs: Temporal stability and pollinator specialization increases along an experimental plant diversity gradient}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S143917911100048X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2011.04.005 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143917911100048X},
volume = {12},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Myhrvold2015,
abstract = {Studying life-history traits within and across taxonomic classifications has revealed many interesting and important patterns, but this approach to life history requires access to large compilations of data containing many different life-history parameters. Currently, life-history data for amniotes (birds, mammals, and reptiles) are split among a variety of publicly available databases, data tables embedded in individual papers and books, and species-specific studies by experts. Using data from this wide range of sources is a challenge for conducting macroecological studies because of a lack of standardization in taxonomic classifications, parameter values, and even in which parameters are reported. In order to facilitate comparative analyses between amniote life-history data, we created a database compiled from peer-reviewed studies on individual species, macroecological studies of multiple species, existing life-history databases, and other aggregated sources as well as published books and other compila...},
author = {Myhrvold, N.P. and Baldridge, E. and Chan, B. and Freeman, D.L. and Ernest, S.K.M.},
doi = {10.5061/dryad.t6},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Myhrvold et al. - 2015 - An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0012-9658},
issn = {0012-9658},
journal = {Ecology},
number = {11},
pages = {3109},
title = {{An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles}},
volume = {96},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Christian2009,
author = {Christian, Kerbiriou and Isabelle, Le Viol and Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric, Jiguet and Vincent, Devictor and Kerbiriou, Christian and {Le Viol}, Isabelle and Jiguet, Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric and Devictor, Vincent},
doi = {10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00569.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2009/Christian et al.{\_}2009{\_}More species, fewer specialists 100 years of changes in community composition in an island biogeographical study.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13669516},
journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
keywords = {Biotic Homogenization,Paper,Study,area,biotic homogenization,bird community,indicators,long-term trend,protected,protected area,specialist-generalist},
mendeley-tags = {Biotic Homogenization,Paper,Study},
month = {jul},
number = {4},
pages = {641--648},
title = {{More species, fewer specialists: 100 years of changes in community composition in an island biogeographical study}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00569.x},
volume = {15},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Robinson2014,
abstract = {Livestock contributes directly to the livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people and affects the diet and health of many more. With estimated standing populations of 1.43 billion cattle, 1.87 billion sheep and goats, 0.98 billion pigs, and 19.60 billion chickens, reliable and accessible information on the distribution and abundance of livestock is needed for a many reasons. These include analyses of the social and economic aspects of the livestock sector; the environmental impacts of livestock such as the production and management of waste, greenhouse gas emissions and livestock-related land-use change; and large-scale public health and epidemiological investigations. The Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW) database, produced in 2007, provided modelled livestock densities of the world, adjusted to match official (FAOSTAT) national estimates for the reference year 2005, at a spatial resolution of 3 minutes of arc (about 5×5 km at the equator). Recent methodological improvements have significantly enhanced these distributions: more up-to date and detailed sub-national livestock statistics have been collected; a new, higher resolution set of predictor variables is used; and the analytical procedure has been revised and extended to include a more systematic assessment of model accuracy and the representation of uncertainties associated with the predictions. This paper describes the current approach in detail and presents new global distribution maps at 1 km resolution for cattle, pigs and chickens, and a partial distribution map for ducks. These digital layers are made publically available via the Livestock Geo-Wiki (http://www.livestock.geo-wiki.org), as will be the maps of other livestock types as they are produced.},
author = {Robinson, Timothy P. and Wint, G. R. William and Conchedda, Giulia and {Van Boeckel}, Thomas P. and Ercoli, Valentina and Palamara, Elisa and Cinardi, Giuseppina and D'Aietti, Laura and Hay, Simon I. and Gilbert, Marius},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0096084},
editor = {Baylis, Matthew},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Robinson et al. - 2014 - Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {e96084},
pmid = {24875496},
title = {{Mapping the Global Distribution of Livestock}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096084},
volume = {9},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Gray2016,
abstract = {Protected areas are widely considered essential for biodiversity conservation. However, few global studies have demonstrated that protection benefits a broad range of species. Here, using a new global biodiversity database with unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage, we compare four biodiversity measures at sites sampled in multiple land uses inside and outside protected areas. Globally, species richness is 10.6{\%} higher and abundance 14.5{\%} higher in samples taken inside protected areas compared with samples taken outside, but neither rarefaction-based richness nor endemicity differ significantly. Importantly, we show that the positive effects of protection are mostly attributable to differences in land use between protected and unprotected sites. Nonetheless, even within some human-dominated land uses, species richness and abundance are higher in protected sites. Our results reinforce the global importance of protected areas but suggest that protection does not consistently benefit species with small ranges or increase the variety of ecological niches.},
author = {Gray, Claudia L. and Hill, Samantha L L and Newbold, Tim and Hudson, Lawrence N. and B{\"{o}}rger, Luca and Contu, Sara and Hoskins, Andrew J. and Ferrier, Simon and Purvis, Andy and Scharlemann, J{\"{o}}rn P W},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms12306},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gray et al. - 2016 - Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9781493929818},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nature Communications},
month = {jul},
number = {May},
pages = {12306},
pmid = {27465407},
title = {{Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms12306},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Bolliger2014,
author = {Bolliger, Janine and Lander, Tonya and Balkenhol, Niko},
doi = {10.1007/s10980-013-9982-x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bolliger, Lander, Balkenhol - 2014 - Landscape genetics since 2003 status, challenges and future directions.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0921-2973},
journal = {Landscape Ecology},
keywords = {assessments {\'{a}},data {\'{a}} new,developments {\'{a}} research needs,genetic data {\'{a}} landscape,iale europe congress 2013,symposium review {\'{a}} quantitative,{\'{a}}},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {361--366},
title = {{Landscape genetics since 2003: status, challenges and future directions}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-013-9982-x},
volume = {29},
year = {2014}
}
@misc{IUCN2016,
author = {IUCN and UNEP-WCMC},
booktitle = {Cambridge UK},
title = {{The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)}},
url = {www.protectedplanet.net},
urldate = {2016-02-01},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Selwood2015,
abstract = {Climate change alters the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as drought. Such events will be increasingly important in shaping communities as climate change intensifies. The ability of species to withstand extreme events (resistance) and to recover once adverse conditions abate (resilience) will determine their persistence.We estimated the resistance and resilience of bird species during and after a 13-yr drought (the ‘Big Dry') in floodplain forests in southeastern Australia. We conducted bird surveys at the beginning and end of the Big Dry, and after the abrupt end to the drought (the ‘Big Wet'), to evaluate species-specific changes in reporting rates among the three periods. We assessed changes in bird breeding activity before and after the Big Wet to estimate demographic resilience based on breeding. Between the start and the end of the Big Dry (1998 vs 2009), 37 of 67 species declined substantially. Of those, only two had increased reporting rates after the Big Wet (2009 vs 2013) that were equal to or larger than their declines, while three partially recovered. All other declining species showed low resilience: 25 showed no change in reporting rates and seven declined further. The number of breeding species and total breeding activity of all species declined after the Big Wet, and there was no change in the number of young produced. The Big Dry caused widespread declines in the floodplain avifauna. Despite the drought being broken by two years of well-above-average rainfall and subsequent near-average rainfall, most species showed low resilience and there was little indication that overall breeding had increased. The effects of drought appeared to be pervasive for much of the floodplain avifauna, regardless of species traits (species body mass, fecundity, mobility or diet). Ecosystems such as these are likely to require active management and restoration, including reinstatement of natural flooding regimes, to improve ecological condition, to enhance resistance and resilience to extreme climate events.},
author = {Selwood, Katherine E. and Clarke, Rohan H. and Cunningham, Shaun C. and Lada, Hania and Mcgeoch, Melodie A. and {Mac Nally}, Ralph},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.12424},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Selwood et al. - 2015 - A bust but no boom Responses of floodplain bird assemblages during and after prolonged drought.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00218790},
issn = {13652656},
journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
keywords = {Climate variability,Demography,Extreme events,Millennium Drought,Murray Darling Basin,Population viability,Rainfall,Recovery},
number = {6},
pages = {1700--1710},
pmid = {110221227},
title = {{A bust but no boom: Responses of floodplain bird assemblages during and after prolonged drought}},
volume = {84},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Piovia-Scott2017,
abstract = {The trophic cascade has emerged as a key paradigm in ecology. Although ecologists have made progress in understanding spatial variation in the strength of trophic cascades, temporal variation remains relatively unex-plored. Our review suggests that strong trophic cascades are often transient, appearing when ecological conditions support high consumer abundance and rapidly growing, highly edible prey. Persistent top-down control is ex-pected to decay over time in the absence of external drivers, as strong top-down control favors the emergence of better-defended resources. Temporal shifts in cascade strength—including those driven by contemporary global change—can either stabilize or destabilize ecological communities. We sug-gest that a more temporally explicit approach can improve our ability to explain the drivers of trophic cascades and predict the impact of changing cascade strength on community dynamics.},
author = {Piovia-Scott, Jonah and Yang, Louie H and Wright, Amber N},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032246},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Piovia-Scott, Yang, Wright - 2017 - Temporal Variation in Trophic Cascades.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics},
keywords = {community,food web,global environmental change,indirect effect,predator,species interactions},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {281--300},
title = {{Temporal Variation in Trophic Cascades}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032246 http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032246},
volume = {48},
year = {2017}
}
@incollection{Chandola2011,
abstract = {Online time series change detection is a critical component of many monitoring systems, such as space and air-borne remote sensing instruments, cardiac monitors, and network traffic profilers, which continuously analyze observations recorded by sensors. Data collected by such sensors typically has a periodic component. Most existing time series change detection methods are not directly applicable to handle such data, either because they are not designed to handle periodic time series or because they cannot operate in an online mode. We propose an online change detection algorithm which can handle periodic time series. The algorithm uses a Gaussian process based non-parametric time series prediction model and monitors the difference between the predictions and actual observations within a statistical control chart framework to identify changes. A key challenge in using Gaussian process in an online mode is the need to solve a large system of equations involving the associated covariance matrix which grows with every time step. The proposed algorithm exploits the special structure of the covariance matrix and can analyze a time series of length T in O(T2) time while maintaining a O(T) memory footprint, compared to O(T4) time and O(T2) memory requirement of standard matrix manipulation methods. We experimentally demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over several existing time series change detection algorithms on a set of synthetic and real time series. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for identifying land use land cover changes using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data collected for an agricultural region in Iowa state, USA. Our algorithm is able to detect different types of changes in a NDVI validation data set (with ≈ 80{\%} accuracy) which occur due to crop type changes as well as natural disasters. Copyright {\textcopyright} SIAM.},
address = {Philadelphia, PA},
author = {Chandola, Varun and Vatsavai, Ranga Raju},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining},
doi = {10.1137/1.9781611972818.9},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chandola, Vatsavai - 2011 - A Gaussian Process Based Online Change Detection Algorithm for Monitoring Periodic Time Series.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9780898719925},
month = {apr},
pages = {95--106},
publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
title = {{A Gaussian Process Based Online Change Detection Algorithm for Monitoring Periodic Time Series}},
url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/1.9781611972818.9},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Turner2009,
abstract = {Deforestation rates in South-East Asia are among the highest of any tropical region, with expansion of oil palm being one important factor. Despite this. few Studies have investigated the impact of oil palm expansion on the arthropod fauna. We report here the first study on the impact of forest conversion to oil palm on overall arthropod abundance, biomass and composition. We compared arthropod abundance and biomass. collected from epiphytic bird's nest ferns, the canopy, and leaf litter between primary forest, logged forest and oil palm plantation. Epiphytes. canopy and litter all contained a lower abundance (epiphytes: 67.2{\%}, canopy: 2.3{\%} and litter: 77.1{\%} reduction) and biomass (epiphytes: 87.5{\%}, canopy: 37.9{\%}, and litter: 72.4{\%} reduction) of arthropods in oil palm compared with primary forest. However. not all orders of arthropods showed the same level of decline, with some groups having higher abundance and biomass in oil palm. resulting in an altered community composition in the epiphytes and canopy in oil palm compared with forest. Our results show that forest conversion to oil palm impacts detrimentally oil invertebrates in all compartments of the forest ecosystem.},
author = {Turner, Edgar C. and Foster, William a.},
doi = {10.1017/S0266467408005658},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib