text:
to their breeding system, pollination
   modes, differential perception by bees and visitors' behaviour. Flowers
   of these three morphs differed in their reflectance that could be
   perceived by bees. Honeybees, solitary bees and flies demonstrated only
   partial preferences for the different colour morphs. No spontaneous
   self-pollination was found; however, fruit set under nets, excluding
   insects but allowing wind pollination, was not significantly lower than
   that of natural free pollinated flowers, indicating a potential role of
   wind pollination. Anemone coronaria flowers were visited by various
   insects, honeybees and Andrena sp. preferred the white and purple-blue
   morphs, while the syrphid flies preferred the white flowers. Thus,
   visitor behaviour can only partially explain the evolution or
   maintenance of the colour polymorphism. No significant genetic
   differences were found among the populations or colour morphs. Wind
   pollination, causing random gene flow, may explain why no significant
   genetic divergence was found among all studied populations and their
   colour morphs. The existence of monomorphic red populations, along other
   polymorphic populations, might be explained by linked resistance to
   aridity and/or grazing.}},
Publisher = {{MDPI}},
Address = {{ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Dafni, A (Corresponding Author), Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary Biol, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel.
   Dafni, A (Corresponding Author), Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel.
   Ne'eman, G (Corresponding Author), Univ Haifa, Dept Biol \& Environm, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel.
   Dafni, Amots; Tzohari, Hagai, Univ Haifa, Dept Evolutionary Biol, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel.
   Dafni, Amots; Tzohari, Hagai, Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-3498838 Haifa, Israel.
   Ben-Shlomo, Rachel; Ne'eman, Gidi, Univ Haifa, Dept Biol \& Environm, IL-36006 Tivon, Israel.
   Vereecken, Nicolas J., ULB, Landscape Ecol \& Plant Prod Syst, Agroecol \& Pollinat Grp, Blvd Triomphe CP 264-2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.}},
DOI = {{10.3390/plants9030397}},
Article-Number = {{397}},
EISSN = {{2223-7747}},
Keywords = {{Anemone coronaria L; flower colour polymorphism; bees; flies;
   pollination; population genetics}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION; ANNUAL LINANTHUS-PARRYAE;
   NATURAL-SELECTION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; FLORAL PIGMENTATION; MEDIATED
   SELECTION; SPATIAL VARIATION; IPOMOEA-PURPUREA; SEED PREDATORS; PLANT}},
Research-Areas = {{Plant Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Plant Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{adafni@research.haifa.ac.il
   hagai11@gmail.com
   ekly@research.haifa.ac.il
   Nicolas.vereecken@ulb.ac.be
   gneeman@gmail.com}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Henk and Dorothy Schussheim Fund for Ecological Research in Mt Carmel}},
Funding-Text = {{This research was partially funded by Henk and Dorothy Schussheim Fund
   for Ecological Research in Mt Carmel.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{93}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
Journal-ISO = {{Plants-Basel}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{LC4SV}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000525315000066}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000525420600007,
Author = {Gallagher, M. Kate and Campbell, Diane R.},
Title = {{Pollinator visitation rate and effectiveness vary with flowering
   phenology}},
Journal = {{AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{107}},
Number = {{3}},
Pages = {{445-455}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Premise Flowering time may influence pollination success and seed set
   through a variety of mechanisms, including seasonal changes in total
   pollinator visitation or the composition and effectiveness of pollinator
   visitors.
   Methods We investigated mechanisms by which changes in flowering
   phenology influence pollination and reproductive success of Mertensia
   ciliata (Boraginaceae). We manipulated flowering onset of potted plants
   and assessed the frequency and composition of pollinator visitors, as
   well as seed set. We tested whether floral visitors differed in their
   effectiveness as pollinators by measuring pollen receipt and seed set
   resulting from single visits to virgin flowers.
   Results Despite a five-fold decrease in pollinator visitation over four
   weeks, we detected no significant difference in seed set among plants
   blooming at different times. On a per-visit basis, each bumblebee
   transferred more conspecific pollen than did a solitary bee or a fly.
   The proportion of visits by bumblebees increased over the season,
   countering the decrease in visitation rate so that flowering time had
   little net effect on seed set.
   Conclusions This work illustrates the need to consider pollinator
   effectiveness, along with changes in pollinator visitation and species
   composition to understand the mechanisms by which phenology affects
   levels of pollination.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Gallagher, MK (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol \& Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
   Gallagher, MK (Corresponding Author), Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO 81224 USA.
   Gallagher, MK (Corresponding Author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Plant Sci \& Food Secur, Bot Garden, Tel Aviv, Israel.
   Gallagher, M. Kate; Campbell, Diane R., Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol \& Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
   Gallagher, M. Kate; Campbell, Diane R., Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO 81224 USA.
   Gallagher, M. Kate, Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Plant Sci \& Food Secur, Bot Garden, Tel Aviv, Israel.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/ajb2.1439}},
ISSN = {{0002-9122}},
EISSN = {{1537-2197}},
Keywords = {{Bombus; Boraginaceae; Mertensia; mutualism; phenology manipulation;
   pollinator effectiveness; pollinator visitation; species interactions}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXPERIMENTAL SHIFTS; FLORAL DISPLAY; TRADE-OFFS; SKY
   PILOT; PLANT; SELECTION; SIZE; TIME; CONSEQUENCES}},
Research-Areas = {{Plant Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Plant Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{megankgallagher@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Campbell, Diane/A-1653-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Campbell, Diane/0000-0002-1147-846X
   Gallagher, M. Kate/0000-0001-9772-9540}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) {[}DEB-1601191] Funding Source:
   Medline}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{73}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{14}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
Journal-ISO = {{Am. J. Bot.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{LC6DI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000525420600007}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000519552700004,
Author = {Eeraerts, Maxime and Smagghe, Guy and Meeus, Ivan},
Title = {{Bumble bee abundance and richness improves honey bee pollination
   behaviour in sweet cherry}},
Journal = {{BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{43}},
Pages = {{27-33}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Pollination service in agricultural crops increases significantly with
   pollinator diversity and wild pollinator abundance. Differences in the
   foraging behaviour of pollinating insects are one of the reasons why
   pollinator diversity and abundance enhances crop pollination. Here, we
   focused on the foraging behaviour of honey bees and bumble bees in sweet
   cherry orchards. In addition, we studied the influence of bee diversity
   and abundance on the foraging behaviour of honey bees and bumble bees.
   Honey bees were found to visit fewer flowers than bumble bees. Bumble
   bees also showed a higher probability of changing trees between rows
   than honey bees. Both visitation rate and probability of row changes of
   honey bees increased with bumble bee diversity and with bumble bee
   abundance. We also found that the probability of row changes of honey
   bees increased with increasing bumble bee abundance. These effects of
   bumble bee richness and abundance on the pollination behaviour of honey
   bees can improve the pollination performance of honey bees in crops that
   depend on cross pollination. Our results highlight the higher
   pollination performance of bumble bees and the facilitative effect of
   wild pollinators to crop pollination. (C) 2019 Gesellschaft fur
   Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER GMBH}},
Address = {{HACKERBRUCKE 6, 80335 MUNICH, GERMANY}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Eeraerts, M (Corresponding Author), Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Dept Plant \& Crops, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium.
   Eeraerts, Maxime; Smagghe, Guy; Meeus, Ivan, Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Dept Plant \& Crops, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.baae.2019.11.004}},
ISSN = {{1439-1791}},
EISSN = {{1618-0089}},
Keywords = {{Apis mellifera; Bombus spp.; Crop pollination; Foraging behaviour;
   Prunus avium}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; OSMIA-CORNUTA; FRUIT-SET; FORAGING BEHAVIOR;
   MEGACHILIDAE; LANDSCAPES; SERVICES; EFFICIENCY; DIVERSITY; VISITS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{maxime.eeraerts@ugent.be}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Research Foundation FlandersFWO {[}1S71416N]}},
Funding-Text = {{We gratefully acknowledge Seppe Top, Ewout Van Oost, Robin Van Poucke
   and Suzanne Waelput for their field assistance. We also thank the
   growers for access to their orchards. The research was funded by the
   Research Foundation Flanders PhD grant 1S71416N.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{12}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{Basic Appl. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KU2QJ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000519552700004}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000521638500009,
Author = {Lozier, Jeffrey D. and Ols, Clare N. and Pitsenberger, Charles A. and
   Marshall, Vanessa M. and Watkins, Monica H. M.},
Title = {{Partitioning of Bee Diversity at a Small Spatial Scale in an Urban
   Arboretum}},
Journal = {{SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{19}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{22-44}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Global pollinator declines have stimulated efforts to better understand
   local pollinator diversity. Urban greenspaces, such as parks and
   gardens, have the potential to serve as refuges for pollinators within
   urban landscapes. In this study, we surveyed bees within the University
   of Alabama (UA) Arboretum, a mixed-use park of roughly 24 ha, and the
   contiguous UA Harry Pritchett Running Park, a former golf course of
   roughly 57 ha, within the city of Tuscaloosa, AL. To investigate how
   heterogeneity within this small greenspace influences bee community
   structure, we distributed sample sites across 3 habitats, each with
   unique total area, land-use characteristics, vegetation, and management
   intensity. We combined morphological identification with molecular
   approaches for specimen identification using cytochrome c oxidase
   subunit I sequences to create a specimen + DNA barcode reference
   collection. Overall, we collected 386 bees and 42 species. Diversity was
   partitioned across habitats, suggesting that the community was
   structured by variation in landscape characteristics. Our results
   suggest ways in which urban pollinator refuges may be managed to enhance
   species diversity, such as by retention of unmowed areas and planting
   permanent gardens supporting diverse floral resources. Importantly, this
   survey sets a baseline for developing broader monitoring programs within
   the largely unstudied region of central Alabama.}},
Publisher = {{HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST}},
Address = {{PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lozier, JD (Corresponding Author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
   Lozier, Jeffrey D.; Ols, Clare N.; Pitsenberger, Charles A.; Marshall, Vanessa M.; Watkins, Monica H. M., Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1656/058.019.0103}},
ISSN = {{1528-7092}},
EISSN = {{1938-5412}},
Keywords-Plus = {{CROP POLLINATION; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; NATIVE BEES; HYMENOPTERA;
   ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; APIFORMES; RESPONSES}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{jlozier@ua.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF)
   {[}DEB-1457645]; University of Alabama College of Arts and Sciences
   Undergraduate Creativity and Research Academy Grant; Alabama Power
   Innovation}},
Funding-Text = {{We would like to acknowledge funding from the National Science
   Foundation award to J.D. Lozier (DEB-1457645), a University of Alabama
   College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Creativity and Research
   Academy Grant to C.N. Ols, and an Alabama Power Innovation grant to J.D.
   Lozier, C.N. Ols, C.A. Pitsenberger, and V.M. Marshall. Thanks to
   Rebecca Dicks for assistance with processing specimens and to the UA
   Arboretum staff for facilitating bee-bowl surveys.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{73}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
Journal-ISO = {{Southeast. Nat.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KX1JI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000521638500009}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000518696800008,
Author = {Requier, Fabrice and Jowanowitsch, Kim K. and Kallnik, Katharina and
   Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf},
Title = {{Limitation of complementary resources affects colony growth, foraging
   behavior, and reproduction in bumble bees}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{101}},
Number = {{3}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Resource availability in agricultural landscapes has been disturbed for
   many organisms, including pollinator species. Abundance and diversity in
   flower availability benefit bee populations; however, little is known
   about which of protein or carbohydrate resources may limit their growth
   and reproductive performance. Here, we test the hypothesis of
   complementary resource limitation using a supplemental feeding approach.
   We applied this assumption with bumble bees (Bombus terrestris),
   assuming that colony growth and reproductive performance should depend
   on the continuous supply of carbohydrates and proteins, through the
   foraging for nectar and pollen, respectively. We placed wild-caught
   bumble bee colonies along a landscape gradient of seminatural habitats,
   and monitored the colonies' weight, foraging activity, and reproductive
   performance during the whole colony cycle. We performed supplemental
   feeding as an indicator of landscape resource limitation, using a
   factorial design consisting of the addition of sugar water
   (carbohydrate, supplemented or not) crossed by pollen (protein,
   supplemented or not). Bumble bee colony dynamics showed a clear seasonal
   pattern with a period of growth followed by a period of stagnation.
   Higher abundance of seminatural habitats resulted in reducing the
   proportion of pollen foragers relative to all foragers in both periods,
   and in improving the reproductive performance of bumble bees.
   Interestingly, the supplemental feeding of sugar water positively
   affected the colony weight during the stagnation period, and the
   supplemental feeding of pollen mitigated the landscape effect on pollen
   collection investment. Single and combined supplementation of sugar
   water and pollen increased the positive effect of seminatural habitats
   on reproductive performance. This study reveals a potential colimitation
   in pollen and nectar resources affecting foraging behavior and
   reproductive performance in bumble bees, and indicates that even in
   mixed agricultural landscapes with higher proportions of seminatural
   habitats, bumble bee populations face resource limitations. We conclude
   that the seasonal management of floral resources must be considered in
   conservation to support bumble bee populations and pollination services
   in farmlands.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Requier, F (Corresponding Author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Anim Ecol \& Trop Biol, Bioctr, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.
   Requier, F (Corresponding Author), Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, IRD, Evolut Genome Comportement \& Ecol,CNRS, F-91190 Paris, France.
   Requier, Fabrice; Jowanowitsch, Kim K.; Kallnik, Katharina; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Univ Wurzburg, Dept Anim Ecol \& Trop Biol, Bioctr, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.
   Requier, Fabrice, Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, IRD, Evolut Genome Comportement \& Ecol,CNRS, F-91190 Paris, France.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/ecy.2946}},
Article-Number = {{e02946}},
ISSN = {{0012-9658}},
EISSN = {{1939-9170}},
Keywords = {{Bombus terrestris; feeding experiment; landscape structure; pollen and
   nectar resources; reproductive performance; seasonal phenology}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; FIELD COLONIES; LAND-USE; POLLEN;
   POLLINATORS; AVAILABILITY; HYMENOPTERA; DISTANCES; DECLINES}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{fabrice.requier@egce.cnrs-gif.fr}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf/0000-0003-1359-3944
   Requier, Fabrice/0000-0003-1638-3141}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{59}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecology}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KT0JM}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000518696800008}},
OA = {{Other Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000509786600048,
Author = {Friedli, Andrea and Williams, Geoffrey R. and Bruckner, Selina and
   Neumann, Peter and Straub, Lars},
Title = {{The weakest link: Haploid honey bees are more susceptible to
   neonicotinoid insecticides}},
Journal = {{CHEMOSPHERE}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{242}},
Month = {{MAR}},
Abstract = {{Neonicotinoid insecticides are currently of major concern for the health
   of wild and managed insects that provide key ecosystem services like
   pollination. Even though sublethal effects of neonicotinoids are well
   known, there is surprisingly little information on how they possibly
   impact developmental stability, and to what extent genetics are
   involved. This holds especially true for haploid individuals because
   they are hemizygous at detoxification loci and may be more susceptible.
   Here we take advantage of haplodiploidy in Western honey bees, Apis
   mellifera, to show for the first time that neonicotinoids affect
   developmental stability in diploid females (workers), and that haploid
   males (drones) are even more susceptible. Phenotypic fore wing venation
   abnormalities and fluctuating wing asymmetry, as measures of
   developmental instability, were significantly increased under
   field-realistic neonicotinoid-exposure of colonies. The higher
   susceptibility of haploid drones suggests that heterozygosity can play a
   key role in the ability to buffer the sublethal effects of
   neonicotinoids. Aiming to improve conservation efforts, our findings
   highlight the urgent need to better understand the role that genetics
   plays at enabling nontarget organisms to cope with insecticide exposure.
   (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Straub, L (Corresponding Author), Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Inst Bee Hlth, Schwarzenburgstr, CH-1613097 Bern, Switzerland.
   Friedli, Andrea; Neumann, Peter; Straub, Lars, Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, Inst Bee Hlth, Schwarzenburgstr, CH-1613097 Bern, Switzerland.
   Williams, Geoffrey R.; Bruckner, Selina, Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol \& Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
   Neumann, Peter; Straub, Lars, Agroscope, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Bern, Switzerland.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125145}},
Article-Number = {{125145}},
ISSN = {{0045-6535}},
EISSN = {{1879-1298}},
Keywords = {{Apis mellifera; Xenobiotics; Fluctuating asymmetry; Wing venation;
   Haplodiploidy; Sublethal}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; WIDESPREAD CONTAMINATION; COLLECTED POLLEN;
   EXPOSURE; FITNESS; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; COMPLEX; WINGS; WELL}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{lars.straub@vetsuisse.unibe.ch}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Neumann, Peter/C-9964-2015
   Straub, Lars/AAP-2820-2020}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Neumann, Peter/0000-0001-5163-5215
   }},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Bundesamt fur Umwelt (BAFU); Vinetum Foundation; Swiss National Science
   Foundation (SNSF)Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
   {[}31003A\_169751]; Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research
   Pollinator Health Fund {[}549003]; USDA National Institute of Food and
   Agriculture Multi-state Hatch project {[}1014681]}},
Funding-Text = {{Financial support was provided by the Bundesamt fur Umwelt (BAFU) to
   L.S., G.R.W. and P.N., the Vinetum Foundation to P.N., the Swiss
   National Science Foundation (SNSF) project 31003A\_169751 to G.R.W., the
   Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research Pollinator Health Fund
   grant 549003 to G.R.W., and the USDA National Institute of Food and
   Agriculture Multi-state Hatch project 1014681 to G.R.W.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{84}},
Times-Cited = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
Journal-ISO = {{Chemosphere}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KG2PZ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000509786600048}},
OA = {{Other Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000550247400003,
Author = {Herrera, Carlos M.},
Title = {{Gradual replacement of wild bees by honeybees in flowers of the
   Mediterranean Basin over the last 50 years}},
Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{287}},
Number = {{1921}},
Month = {{FEB 26}},
Abstract = {{Evidence for pollinator declines largely originates from mid-latitude
   regions in North America and Europe. Geographical heterogeneity in
   pollinator trends combined with geographical biases in pollinator
   studies can produce distorted extrapolations and limit understanding of
   pollinator responses to environmental changes. In contrast with the
   declines experienced in some well-investigated European and North
   American regions, honeybees seem to have increased recently in some
   areas of the Mediterranean Basin. Because honeybees can have negative
   impacts on wild bees, it was hypothesized that a biome-wide alteration
   in bee pollinator assemblages may be underway in the Mediterranean Basin
   involving a reduction in the relative number of wild bees. This
   hypothesis was tested using published quantitative data on bee
   pollinators of wild and cultivated plants from studies conducted between
   1963 and 2017 in 13 countries from the European, African and Asian
   shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The density of honeybee colonies
   increased exponentially and wild bees were gradually replaced by
   honeybees in flowers of wild and cultivated plants. The proportion of
   wild bees at flowers was four times greater than that of honeybees at
   the beginning of the period, the proportions of both groups becoming
   roughly similar 50 years later. The Mediterranean Basin is a world
   biodiversity hotspot for wild bees and wild bee-pollinated plants, and
   the ubiquitous rise of honeybees to dominance as pollinators could in
   the long run undermine the diversity of plants and wild bees in the
   region.}},
Publisher = {{ROYAL SOC}},
Address = {{6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Herrera, CM (Corresponding Author), CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Avda Amer Vespucio 26, E-41092 Seville, Spain.
   Herrera, Carlos M., CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Avda Amer Vespucio 26, E-41092 Seville, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1098/rspb.2019.2657}},
ISSN = {{0962-8452}},
EISSN = {{1471-2954}},
Keywords = {{bee pollination; honeybees; long-term trends; Mediterranean Basin; wild
   bees}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; POLLINATION ECOLOGY; OSMIA-CORNUTA; FORAGING
   BEHAVIOR; MEGACHILIDAE; COMPETITION; DIVERSITY; DECLINES; BIASES; APIDAE}},
Research-Areas = {{Life Sciences \& Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences \&
   Ecology; Evolutionary Biology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology}},
Author-Email = {{herrera@ebd.csic.es}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Herrera, Carlos/A-4088-2008}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Herrera, Carlos/0000-0003-2452-3888}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MM6EL}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000550247400003}},
OA = {{Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000516160400001,
Author = {Cunningham-Minnick, Michael J. and Peters, Valerie E. and Crist, Thomas
   O.},
Title = {{Bee communities and pollination services in adjacent crop fields
   following flower removal in an invasive forest shrub}},
Journal = {{ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{30}},
Number = {{4}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{The habitat boundaries between crops and seminatural areas influence bee
   movements and pollination services to crops. Edges also provide
   favorable conditions for invasive plants, which may usurp pollinators
   and reduce visitation to native or crop plants. Alternatively, floral
   displays of alien plants may facilitate, or increase, the pollination
   success of adjacent plants by attracting more pollinators to the area.
   Therefore, pollination services of bees from seminatural habitats to
   crop areas should vary with the presence of invasive floral resources
   and distance from habitat edges. To test the hypothesis that floral
   resources of invasive forest shrubs affect the bee community and
   pollination services in adjacent crop fields, we conducted a 2-yr field
   experiment along forest-crop edges at five isolated forest remnants. We
   removed flower buds from a dominant invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii
   (Amur honeysuckle), along forest-crop edges and paired removals with
   controls of intact flowers. The bee community, their pollination
   services, and flower visitation rates were quantified along a 200-m
   gradient into an adjacent crop field using pan traps and sentinel
   cucumber plants. Impacts to the bee community were dependent of bee
   functional traits. Larger bees visited fewer sentinel cucumber flowers
   in flower removal plots, which corresponded with decreased cucumber
   pollination compared to plots with honeysuckle flowers at distances >100
   m from forest edges. Small-bodied and weaker flying bees visited
   sentinel plants more frequently closer to the forest edge and increased
   pollination services to cucumber at distances L. maackii shrubs in
   flower removal plots. After 2 yr, bee abundance and species richness
   increased within flower removal plots across all distances. High
   functional diversity of the bee community increased pollination services
   to sentinel plants and increased cucumber production within 200 m from
   forest remnants. Our findings suggest that dense floral resources of
   invasive shrubs suppressed forest-edge bee communities and their
   pollination services, but also attracted large-bodied generalist bees,
   which were effective pollinators. This study helps explain how life
   histories and functional attributes of bees can predict either
   facilitation or suppression of pollination services to crop or native
   plants in response to invasive floral resources.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Cunningham-Minnick, MJ (Corresponding Author), Miami Univ, Dept Biol, 212 Pearson Hall,700 East High St, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
   Cunningham-Minnick, Michael J.; Peters, Valerie E.; Crist, Thomas O., Miami Univ, Dept Biol, 212 Pearson Hall,700 East High St, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
   Peters, Valerie E., Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 3238 Sci,521 Lancaster Ave, Richmond, KY 40475 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/eap.2078}},
Early Access Date = {{FEB 2020}},
ISSN = {{1051-0761}},
EISSN = {{1939-5582}},
Keywords = {{agroecosystem; distance; flower removal; forest edge; functional trait;
   habitat fragment; Lonicera maackii; native bees; sentinel plant}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; SPECIES TRAITS; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; APOIDEA
   ANTHOPHILA; AMUR HONEYSUCKLE; LONICERA-MAACKII; LANDSCAPE SCALE; PLANT
   INVASIONS; FORAGING RANGES; ALIEN PLANT}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{minnicmj@miamiOH.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ohio Biological Survey; Miami University}},
Funding-Text = {{We are thankful for land access and the continued support of growers and
   private landowners Bob Black, Dan Hampson, Tyler Hornung, Joe Kennedy
   and Diane Thomas, Tom Roell, Sharon Wooley, Alan Vonderhaar, and their
   families. We thank Abby Cramer, Natalie Konig, Amanda McDonald, Troy
   Meyer, and Anita Schaefer for excellent field and technical assistance.
   We are appreciative for greenhouse manager Jack Keegan's expertise and
   Craig Harkrider's advice for self-watering container designs. We are
   also grateful to Robert Jean, Sam Droege, and Mike Arduser for
   identifying reference specimens. This work would not have been possible
   without the funding support from the Ohio Biological Survey and Miami
   University. Finally, we are thankful for the thoughtful edits of this
   manuscript provided by two anonymous reviewers.}},
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repository: lizlaw/flashLIT

repo_name: lizlaw/flashLIT