text:
@article{sun2019extrapolated,
  title={Extrapolated full waveform inversion with deep learning},
  author={Sun, Hongyu and Demanet, Laurent},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.11536},
  year={2019}
}

@article{araya2019deep,
	title={Deep learning-driven velocity model building workflow},
	author={Araya-Polo, Mauricio and Farris, Stuart and Florez, Manuel},
	journal={The Leading Edge},
	volume={38},
	number={11},
	pages={872a1--872a9},
	year={2019},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@incollection{araya2020fast,
	title={Fast and Accurate Seismic Tomography via Deep Learning},
	author={Araya-Polo, Mauricio and Adler, Amir and Farris, Stuart and Jennings, Joseph},
	booktitle={Deep Learning: Algorithms and Applications},
	pages={129--156},
	year={2020},
	publisher={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{farris2018tomography,
	title={Tomography: a deep learning vs full-waveform inversion comparison},
	author={Farris, S and Araya-Polo, M and Jennings, J and Clapp, B and Biondi, B},
	booktitle={First EAGE Workshop on High Performance Computing for Upstream in Latin America},
	volume={2018},
	number={1},
	pages={1--5},
	year={2018},
	organization={European Association of Geoscientists \& Engineers}
}

@book{fehler2011seam,
	title={SEAM phase 1: Challenges of subsalt imaging in tertiary basins, with emphasis on deepwater Gulf of Mexico},
	author={Fehler, Michael and Keliher, P Joseph},
	year={2011},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@article{simonyan2014very,
	title={Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition},
	author={Simonyan, Karen and Zisserman, Andrew},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556},
	year={2014}
}

@inproceedings{krizhevsky2012imagenet,
	title={Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks},
	author={Krizhevsky, Alex and Sutskever, Ilya and Hinton, Geoffrey E},
	booktitle={Advances in neural information processing systems},
	pages={1097--1105},
	year={2012}
}

@misc{clevert2015fast,
	title={Fast and Accurate Deep Network Learning by Exponential Linear Units (ELUs)},
	author={Djork-Arné Clevert and Thomas Unterthiner and Sepp Hochreiter},
	year={2015},
	eprint={1511.07289},
	archivePrefix={arXiv},
	primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

@article{fomel2013madagascar,
	title={Madagascar: Open-source software project for multidimensional data analysis and reproducible computational experiments},
	author={Fomel, Sergey and Sava, Paul and Vlad, Ioan and Liu, Yang and Bashkardin, Vladimir},
	journal={Journal of Open Research Software},
	volume={1},
	number={1},
	year={2013},
	publisher={Ubiquity Press}
}

@inproceedings{dramsch2019deep,
	title={Deep Learning Application for 4D Pressure Saturation Inversion Compared to Bayesian Inversion on North Sea Data},
	author={Dramsch, Jesper S{\"o}ren and Corte, Gustavo and Amini, Hamed and L{\"u}thje, Mikael and MacBeth, Colin},
	booktitle={Second EAGE Workshop Practical Reservoir Monitoring 2019},
	year={2019}
}

@article{zhang2019regularized,
	author = {Zhendong Zhang  and  Tariq Alkhalifah },
	title = {Regularized elastic full waveform inversion using deep learning},
	journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
	volume = {0},
	number = {ja},
	pages = {1-47},
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.1190/geo2018-0685.1},

	URL = {
	https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0685.1

	},
	eprint = {
	https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0685.1

	}
	,
	abstract = { Obtaining high resolution models of the Earth, especially around the reservoir, is crucial to properly imaging and interpreting the subsurface. We present a regularized elastic full waveform inversion method that uses facies as prior information. Deep neural networks are trained to estimate the distribution of facies in the subsurface. Here, we use facies extracted from wells as the prior information. Seismic data, well logs, and interpreted facies have different resolution and illumination to the subsurface. Besides, a physical process, such as anelasticity in the subsurface, is often too complicated to be fully considered. Therefore, there are often no explicit formulas to connect the data coming from different geophysical surveys. A deep learning method can find the statistically-correct connection without the need to know the complex physics. In our proposed deep learning scheme, we specifically use it to assist the inverse problem instead of the widely used labeling task. We first conduct an adaptive data-selection elastic full waveform inversion using the observed seismic data and obtain estimates of the subsurface, which do not need to be perfect. Then we use extracted facies information from the wells and force the estimated model to fit the facies by training deep neural networks. In this way, a list of facies is mapped to a 2D or 3D inverted model guided mainly by the structure features of the model. The multidimensional distribution of facies is used either as a regularization term or as an initial model for the next waveform inversion. The proposed method has two main features: 1) it applies to any kind of distributions of data samples and 2) it interpolates facies between wells guided by the structure of the estimated models. Results with synthetic and field data illustrate the benefits and limitations of this method. }
}

@article{ivanov2017traveltime,
	title={Traveltime parameters in tilted orthorhombic medium},
	author={Ivanov, Yuriy and Stovas, Alexey},
	journal={Geophysics},
	volume={82},
	number={6},
	pages={C187--C200},
	year={2017},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@article{kazei2019scattering,
	title={Scattering Radiation Pattern Atlas: What anisotropic elastic properties can body waves resolve?},
	author={Kazei, Vladimir and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
	journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume={124},
	number={3},
	pages={2781--2811},
	year={2019},
	publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@inproceedings{skopintseva2019regularization,
	title={Regularization in Full Waveform Inversion: OBC vs Streamer Data Results Over a Gas Cloud},
	author={Skopintseva, L and Ravaut, C and Pedersen, {\O} and Maa{\o}, FA and Hartvigsen, KO},
	booktitle={81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019},
	year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{oye2019velocity,
	title={Velocity Model Building from Raw Shot Gathers Using Machine Learning},
	author={{\O}ye, OK and Dahl, EK},
	booktitle={81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019},
	year={2019}
}

@article{richardson2018seismic,
	title={Seismic full-waveform inversion using deep learning tools and techniques},
	author={Richardson, Alan},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.07232},
	year={2018}
}

@incollection{wu2018inversionnet,
	title={InversionNet: Accurate and efficient seismic waveform inversion with convolutional neural networks},
	author={Wu, Yue and Lin, Youzuo and Zhou, Zheng},
	booktitle={SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018},
	pages={2096--2100},
	year={2018},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@article{zhang2018velocitygan,
	title={VelocityGAN: Data-Driven Full-Waveform Inversion Using Conditional Adversarial Networks},
	author={Zhang, Zhongping and Wu, Yue and Lin, Youzuo and Zhou, Zheng},
	journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.10262},
	year={2018}
}

@article{yang2019deep,
	title={Deep-learning inversion: a next generation seismic velocity-model building method},
	author={Yang, Fangshu and Ma, Jianwei},
	journal={Geophysics},
	volume={84},
	number={4},
	pages={1--133},
	year={2019},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@inproceedings{ovcharenko2019style,
	title={Style transfer for generation of realistically textured subsurface models},
	author={Ovcharenko, Oleg and Kazei, Vladimir and Peter, Daniel and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
	booktitle={SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2019},
	year={2019},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@inproceedings{simard2003best,
	title={Best practices for convolutional neural networks applied to visual document analysis.},
	author={Simard, Patrice Y and Steinkraus, David and Platt, John C and others},
	booktitle={Icdar},
	volume={3},
	number={2003},
	year={2003}
}

@article{sun2019robust,
	title={Robust Full-Waveform Inversion with Radon-Domain Matching Filter},
	author={Sun, Bingbing and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
	journal={Geophysics},
	volume={84},
	number={5},
	pages={1--121},
	year={2019},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@article{dunford2014pareto,
	title={The pareto principle},
	author={Dunford, Rosie and Su, Quanrong and Tamang, Ekraj},
	year={2014},
	publisher={University of Plymouth}
}

@article{scikit-learn,
	title={Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in {P}ython},
	author={Pedregosa, F. and Varoquaux, G. and Gramfort, A. and Michel, V.
	and Thirion, B. and Grisel, O. and Blondel, M. and Prettenhofer, P.
	and Weiss, R. and Dubourg, V. and Vanderplas, J. and Passos, A. and
	Cournapeau, D. and Brucher, M. and Perrot, M. and Duchesnay, E.},
	journal={Journal of Machine Learning Research},
	volume={12},
	pages={2825--2830},
	year={2011}
}

@article{dozat2016incorporating,
	title={Incorporating nesterov momentum into adam},
	author={Dozat, Timothy},
	year={2016}
}

@article{mann1999common,
	title={Common-reflection-surface stack—A real data example},
	author={Mann, J{\"u}rgen and J{\"a}ger, Rainer and M{\"u}ller, Thilo and H{\"o}cht, German and Hubral, Peter},
	journal={Journal of applied geophysics},
	volume={42},
	number={3-4},
	pages={301--318},
	year={1999},
	publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{gelchinsky1999multifocusing,
	title={Multifocusing homeomorphic imaging: Part 1. Basic concepts and formulas},
	author={Gelchinsky, Boris and Berkovitch, Alexander and Keydar, Shmariahu},
	journal={Journal of applied geophysics},
	volume={42},
	number={3-4},
	pages={229--242},
	year={1999},
	publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{roth1994,
	title = {Neural Networks and Inversion of Seismic Data},
	volume = {99},
	copyright = {Copyright 1994 by the American Geophysical Union.},
	issn = {2156-2202},
	abstract = {Neural networks can be viewed as applications that map one space, the input space, into some output space. In order to simulate the desired mapping the network has to go through a learning process consisting of an iterative change of the internal parameters, through the presentation of many input patterns and their corresponding output patterns. The training process is accomplished if the error between the computed output and the desired output pattern is minimal for all examples in the training set. The network will then simulate the desired mapping on the restricted domain of the training examples. We describe an experiment where a neural network is designed to accept a synthetic common shot gather (i.e., a set of seismograms obtained from a single source), as its input pattern and to compute the corresponding one-dimensional large-scale velocity model as its output. The subsurface models are built up of eight layers with constant layer thickness over a homogeneous half-space, 450 examples are used to train the network. After the training process the network never computes a subsurface model which perfectly fits the desired one, but the approximation of the network is sufficient to take this model as starting model for further seismic imaging algorithms. The trained network computes satisfactory velocity profiles for 80\% of the new seismic gathers not included in the training set. Although the network gives results that are stable when the input is contaminated with white noise, the network is not robust against strong, i.e., correlated, noise. This application proves that neural networks are able to solve nontrivial inverse problems.},
	language = {en},
	number = {B4},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	doi = {10.1029/93JB01563},
	author = {R\"oth, Gunter and Tarantola, Albert},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {6753-6768},
	file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/KH56Y2XT/Röth and Tarantola - 1994 - Neural networks and inversion of seismic data.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/FR4DDSN2/93JB01563.html}
}

@article{li2019,
	archivePrefix = {arXiv},
	eprinttype = {arxiv},
	eprint = {1901.07733},
	primaryClass = {cs},
	title = {Deep Learning {{Inversion}} of {{Seismic Data}}},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose a new method to tackle the mapping challenge from time-series data to spatial image in the field of seismic exploration, i.e., reconstructing the velocity model directly from seismic data by deep neural networks (DNNs). The conventional way to address this ill-posed seismic inversion problem is through iterative algorithms, which suffer from poor nonlinear mapping and strong non-uniqueness. Other attempts may either import human intervention errors or underuse seismic data. The challenge for DNNs mainly lies in the weak spatial correspondence, the uncertain reflection-reception relationship between seismic data and velocity model as well as the time-varying property of seismic data. To approach these challenges, we propose an end-to-end Seismic Inversion Networks (SeisInvNet for short) with novel components to make the best use of all seismic data. Specifically, we start with every seismic trace and enhance it with its neighborhood information, its observation setup and global context of its corresponding seismic profile. Then from enhanced seismic traces, the spatially aligned feature maps can be learned and further concatenated to reconstruct velocity model. In general, we let every seismic trace contribute to the reconstruction of the whole velocity model by finding spatial correspondence. The proposed SeisInvNet consistently produces improvements over the baselines and achieves promising performance on our proposed SeisInv dataset according to various evaluation metrics, and the inversion results are more consistent with the target from the aspects of velocity value, subsurface structure and geological interface. In addition to the superior performance, the mechanism is also carefully discussed, and some potential problems are identified for further study.},
	journal = {arXiv:1901.07733 [cs]},
	author = {Li, Shucai and Liu, Bin and Ren, Yuxiao and Chen, Yangkang and Yang, Senlin and Wang, Yunhai and Jiang, Peng},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
	file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/T89ZTCB7/Li et al. - 2019 - Deep learning Inversion of Seismic Data.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/4E5XLMYF/1901.html}
}

@inproceedings{zheng2019,
	title = {Elastic {{Pre}}-Stack {{Seismic Inversion}} in {{Stratified Media Using Machine Learning}}},
	abstract = {The similarity between seismic inversion and machine learning lies in the fact that both are essentially optimization problems. This study describes a workflow in which the pre-stack seismic inversion is framed as a deep learning problem. The earth medium of interest is elastic with weak lateral variations. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained and tested on a set of synthetic earth models and seismic records. The trained network is then used to make predictions of subsurface elastic parameters directly from field data from a land survey. The predicted elastic parameters, even in the absence of low frequency content in the input seismic data, show a good match with the well logs. The P-wave velocity model appears to have better resolution and accuracy than the result derived from travel-time tomography. Adequate predictions from the CNN is achieved by the careful construction of training samples and the conditioning of seismic data so that the synthetic data used for training approximately represent the statistics of the geology and field data. The computational efficiency of using deep learning in such a way for waveform inversion may be desirable for elastic model building.},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {81st {{EAGE Conference}} and {{Exhibition}} 2019},
	doi = {10.3997/2214-4609.201901524},
	author = {Zheng, Y.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2019},
	file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/2K8VB8NM/Zheng - 2019 - Elastic Pre-stack Seismic Inversion in Stratified .pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/6FC87LPP/publicationdetails.html}
}

@inproceedings{ruan2018global,
	title={Global Adjoint Tomography-New Generation Earth Mantle Model},
	author={Ruan, Y and Lei, W and Lefebvre, MP and Modrak, R and Smith, JA and Orsvuran, R and Bozdag, E and Chen, Y and Hill, J and Podhorszki, N and others},
	booktitle={AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},
	year={2018}
}

@article{operto2018role,
	title={On the role of density and attenuation in three-dimensional multiparameter viscoacoustic VTI frequency-domain FWI: an OBC case study from the North Sea},
	author={Operto, S and Miniussi, A},
	journal={Geophysical Journal International},
	volume={213},
	number={3},
	pages={2037--2059},
	year={2018},
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{kalita2019regularized,
	title={Regularized full-waveform inversion with automated salt flooding},
	author={Kalita, Mahesh and Kazei, Vladimir and Choi, Yunseok and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
	journal={Geophysics},
	volume={84},
	number={4},
	pages={R569--R582},
	year={2019},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@inproceedings{kazei2019realistically,
	title={Realistically Textured Random Velocity Models for Deep Learning Applications},
	author={Kazei, V and Ovcharenko, O and Alkhalifah, T and Simons, F},
	booktitle={81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019},
	year={2019}
}

@misc{ovcharenko2019deep,
	author={Ovcharenko, Oleg and Kazei, Vladimir and Kalita, Mahesh and Peter, Daniel and Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists},
	title={Deep learning for low-frequency extrapolation from multi-offset seismic data},
	url={http://hdl.handle.net/10754/655680},
	journal={Submitted to Geophysics},
	year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{kazei2017salt,
	title={Salt-body Inversion with Minimum Gradient Support and Sobolev Space Norm Regularizations},
	author={Kazei, V.V. and Kalita, M. and Alkhalifah, T.},
	booktitle={79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017},
	year={2017}
}

@incollection{jin2018learn,
	title={{Learn low wavenumber information in FWI via deep inception based convolutional networks}},
	author={Jin, Yuchen and Hu, Wenyi and Wu, Xuqing and Chen, Jiefu},
	booktitle={SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2018},
	pages={2091--2095},
	year={2018},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@article{yao2019extraction,
	title={Extraction of the tomography mode with nonstationary smoothing for full-waveform inversion},
	author={Yao, Gang and da Silva, Nuno V and Kazei, Vladimir and Wu, Di and Yang, Chenhao},
	journal={Geophysics},
	volume={84},
	number={4},
	pages={R527--R537},
	year={2019},
	publisher={Society of Exploration Geophysicists}
}

@article{Olver,
  title = {The {{Asymptotic Expansion}} of {{BEssel Functions}} of {{Large Order}}},
  volume = {247},
  doi = {10.1098/rsta.1954.0021},
  abstract = {New expansions are obtained for the functions I\textsubscript{{$\nu$}}({$\nu$}z), K\textsubscript{{$\nu$}}({$\nu$}z) and their derivatives in terms of elementary functions, and for the functions J\textsubscript{{$\nu$}}({$\nu$}z), Y\textsubscript{{$\nu$}}({$\nu$}z), H\textsubscript{{$\nu$}}{$^{(}^1^{)}$}({$\nu$}z), H\textsubscript{{$\nu$}}{$^{(}^2^{)}$}({$\nu$}z) and their derivatives in terms of Airy functions, which are uniformly valid with respect to z when |{$\nu$}| is large. New series for the zeros and associated values arc derived by reversion and used to determine the distribution of the zeros of functions of large order in the z-plane. Particular attention is paid to the complex zeros of Yₙ(z) and the Hankel functions when the order n is an integer or half an odd integer, and for this purpose some new asymptotic expansions of the Airy functions are derived. Tables are given of complex zeros of Airy functions and other quantities which facilitate the rapid calculation of the smaller complex zeros of Yₙ(z), Yₙ(z), and the Hankel functions and their derivatives, when 2n is an integer, to an accuracy of three or four significant figures.},
  number = {930},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences},
  author = {Olver, F. W. J.},
  year = {1954},
  pages = {328-368},
  eprint = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/247/930/328.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{GRL:GRL24084,
  title = {Full Waveform Inversion of Reflection Seismic Data for Ocean Temperature Profiles},
  volume = {35},
  issn = {1944-8007},
  doi = {10.1029/2007GL032359},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  author = {Wood, Warren T. and Holbrook, W. Steven and Sen, Mrinal K. and Stoffa, Paul L.},
  year = {2008},
  keywords = {seismic oceanography,waveform inversion},
  pages = {L04608}
}

@article{woodward:1232,
  title = {Wave-Equation Tomography},
  volume = {7},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1892498},
  number = {1},
  journal = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
  author = {Woodward, Marta Jo and Rocca, Fabio},
  year = {1988},
  pages = {1232-1235},
  publisher = {{SEG}},
  urlx = {http://link.aip.org/link/?SGA/7/1232/1}
}

@article{sirgue2004,
  title = {Efficient Waveform Inversion and Imaging: {{A}} Strategy for Selecting Temporal Frequencies},
  volume = {69},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1649391},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Sirgue, L. and Pratt, R.},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {231-248},
  eprint = {http://library.seg.org/doi/pdf/10.1190/1.1649391}
}

@book{brekhovskikh1999acoustics,
  series = {Wave {{Phenomena}}},
  title = {Acoustics of {{Layered Media II}}: {{Point Sources}} and {{Bounded Beams}}},
  isbn = {978-3-540-65592-3},
  publisher = {{Springer}},
  author = {Brekhovskikh, L.M. and Godin, O.A.},
  year = {1999},
  lccn = {99012348}
}

@book{brekhovskikh1998acoustics,
  series = {Wave {{Phenomena}}},
  title = {Acoustics of {{Layered Media I}}: {{Plane}} and {{Quasi}}-{{Plane Waves}}},
  isbn = {978-3-540-64724-9},
  publisher = {{Springer}},
  author = {Brekhovskikh, L. M. and Godin, O. A.},
  year = {1998},
  lccn = {98027950}
}

@article{wolfHead,
  title = {The Amplitude and Character of Refraction Waves},
  volume = {1},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1437117},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Wolf, A.},
  year = {1936},
  pages = {319-326},
  publisher = {{SEG}}
}

@article{wolfTrans,
  title = {The Reflection of Elastic Waves from Transition Layers of Variable Velocity},
  volume = {2},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1438104},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Wolf, Alfred},
  year = {1937},
  pages = {357-363},
  publisher = {{SEG}}
}

@article{Liner,
  title = {The {{Wolf}} Ramp: {{Reflection}} Characteristics of a Transition Layer},
  volume = {75},
  doi = {10.1190/1.3476312},
  abstract = {The modern use of spectral decomposition has shown that reflection events in practice are always frequency dependent, a phenomenon called reflectivity dispersion. Often, this can be attributed to strong interference effects from neighboring reflection coefficients of the classical type (i.e., parameter discontinuities or jumps). However, an intrinsic frequency dependence from a single layer is possible if the contact is not a jump discontinuity but a gradual transition. We have expanded the normal-incidence theory of a linear velocity transition zone (termed a Wolf ramp) and have shown how it leads to frequency-dependent reflectivity. The development of waveform forward modeling in turn has led to a ramp detection method that we have tested on migrated field data.},
  number = {5},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Liner, Christopher L. and Bodmann, Bernhard G.},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {A31-A35},
  eprint = {http://geophysics.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/5/A31.full.pdf+html}
}

@book{abramowitzStegun,
  address = {New York},
  edition = {9th Dover printing, 10th GPO printing},
  title = {Handbook of {{Mathematical Functions}} with {{Formulas}}, {{Graphs}}, and {{Mathematical Tables}}},
  publisher = {{Dover}},
  author = {Abramowitz, Milton and Stegun, Irene A.},
  year = {1964}
}

@article{Balogh,
  title = {Asymptotic {{Expansions}} of the {{Modified BEssel Function}} of the {{Third Kind}} of {{Imaginary Order}}},
  volume = {15},
  doi = {10.1137/0115114},
  number = {5},
  journal = {SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics},
  author = {Balogh, C.},
  year = {1967},
  pages = {1315-1323},
  eprint = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/pdf/10.1137/0115114}
}

@article{Alexiou,
  title = {Fast Analytic Formulas for the Modified {{BEssel}} Functions of Imaginary Order for Spectral Line Broadening Calculations},
  volume = {62},
  issn = {0022-4073},
  doi = {10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00109-5},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer},
  author = {Poqu\'erusse, A. and Alexiou, S.},
  year = {1999},
  keywords = {Coulomb excitation},
  pages = {389-395}
}

@incollection{zhang2012compensating,
  title = {Compensating for Source and Receiver Ghost Effects in Reverse Time Migration},
  booktitle = {{{SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts}} 2012},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}},
  author = {Zhang, Yu and Roberts, Graham and Khalil, Adel},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.1190/segam2012-0626.1}
}

@article{sava2003angle,
  title = {Angle-Domain Common-Image Gathers by Wavefield Continuation Methods},
  volume = {68},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Sava, Paul C and Fomel, Sergey},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {1065-1074},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{virieux2009,
  title = {An Overview of Full-Waveform Inversion in Exploration Geophysics},
  volume = {74},
  number = {6},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Virieux, Jean and Operto, St\'ephane},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {WCC1-WCC26},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{ravaut2004multiscale,
  title = {Multiscale Imaging of Complex Structures from Multifold Wide-Aperture Seismic Data by Frequency-Domain Full-Waveform Tomography: Application to a Thrust Belt},
  volume = {159},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Ravaut, C and Operto, S and Improta, L and Virieux, J and Herrero, A and Dell'Aversana, P},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {1032-1056},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@article{ewald1969,
  title = {Introduction to the Dynamical Theory of {{X}}-Ray Diffraction},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Acta Crystallographica Section A: Crystal Physics, Diffraction, Theoretical and General Crystallography},
  author = {Ewald, PP},
  year = {1969},
  pages = {103-108},
  publisher = {{International Union of Crystallography}}
}

@article{goldstein2000,
  title = {Relative Importance of Near-, Intermediate-and Far-Field Displacement Terms in Layered Earth Synthetic Seismograms},
  volume = {90},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  author = {Ichinose, Gene A and Goldstein, Peter and Rodgers, Arthur J},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {531-536},
  publisher = {{Seismological Society of America}}
}

@article{McGrave1998,
  title = {Theory of Nonstationary Linear Filtering in the {{Fourier}} Domain with Application to Time-variant Filtering},
  volume = {63},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1444318},
  number = {1},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Margrave, Gary F.},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {244-259},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444318}
}

@article{rutherford1911,
  title = {{{LXXIX}}. {{The}} Scattering of {$\alpha$} and {$\beta$} Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom},
  volume = {21},
  doi = {10.1080/14786440508637080},
  number = {125},
  journal = {The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science},
  author = {Rutherford, Ernest},
  year = {1911},
  pages = {669-688},
  publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}}
}

@article{tessmer2011,
  title = {Using the Rapid Expansion Method for Accurate Time-Stepping in Modeling and Reverse-Time Migration},
  volume = {76},
  doi = {10.1190/1.3587217},
  number = {4},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Tessmer, Ekkehart},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {S177-S185},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3587217}
}

@article{virieux2011,
  title = {A Review of the Spectral, Pseudo-Spectral, Finite-Difference and Finite-Element Modelling Techniques for Geophysical Imaging},
  volume = {59},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.00967.x},
  number = {5},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Virieux, Jean and Calandra, Henri and Plessix, Ren\'e-\'Edouard},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {794-813},
  publisher = {{Wiley Online Library}}
}

@article{leeuwen2013,
  title = {Mitigating Local Minima in Full-Waveform Inversion by Expanding the Search Space},
  volume = {195},
  doi = {10.1093/gji/ggt258},
  abstract = {Wave equation based inversions, such as full-waveform inversion and reverse-time migration, are challenging because of their computational costs, memory requirements and reliance on accurate initial models. To confront these issues, we propose a novel formulation of wave equation based inversion based on a penalty method. In this formulation, the objective function consists of a data-misfit term and a penalty term, which measures how accurately the wavefields satisfy the wave equation. This new approach is a major departure from current formulations where forward and adjoint wavefields, which both satisfy the wave equation, are correlated to compute updates for the unknown model parameters. Instead, we carry out the inversions over two alternating steps during which we first estimate the wavefield everywhere, given the current model parameters, source and observed data, followed by a second step during which we update the model parameters, given the estimate for the wavefield everywhere and the source. Because the inversion involves both the synthetic wavefields and the medium parameters, its search space is enlarged so that it suffers less from local minima. Compared to other formulations that extend the search space of wave equation based inversion, our method differs in several aspects, namely (i) it avoids storage and updates of the synthetic wavefields because we calculate these explicitly by finding solutions that obey the wave equation and fit the observed data and (ii) no adjoint wavefields are required to update the model, instead our updates are calculated from these solutions directly, which leads to significant computational savings. We demonstrate the validity of our approach by carefully selected examples and discuss possible extensions and future research.},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {{van Leeuwen}, Tristan and Herrmann, Felix J.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {661-667},
  eprint = {http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/195/1/661.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{GPR:GPR12010,
  title = {The Use of Low Frequencies in a Full-Waveform Inversion and Impedance Inversion Land Seismic Case Study},
  volume = {61},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2478.12010},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Baeten, Guido and {de Maag}, Jan Willem and Plessix, Ren\'e-Edouard and Klaassen, Rini and Qureshi, Tahira and Kleemeyer, Maren and {ten Kroode}, Fons and Rujie, Zhang},
  year = {2013},
  keywords = {Full-waveform inversion,Impedance},
  pages = {701-711},
  publisher = {{Blackwell Publishing Ltd}}
}

@article{Xie01092006,
  title = {Wave-Equation-Based Seismic Illumination Analysis},
  volume = {71},
  doi = {10.1190/1.2227619},
  abstract = {We present a wave-equation-based method for seismic illumination analysis. A one-way wave-equation-based, generalized screen propagator is used to extrapolate the wavefields from sources and receivers to the subsurface target. A local plane-wave analysis is used at the target to calculate localized, directional energy fluxes for both source and receiver wavefields. We construct an illumination matrix using these energy fluxes to quantify the target illumination conditions. The target geometry information is used to manipulate the illumination matrix and generate different types of illumination measures. The wave-equation-based approach can properly handle forward multiple-scattering phenomena, including focusing/defocusing, diffraction, and interference effects. It can be directly applied to complex velocity models. Velocity-model smoothing and Fresnel-zone smoothing are not required. Different illumination measurements derived from this method can be applied to target-oriented or volumetric illumination analyses. This new method is flexible and practical for illumination analysis in complex 2D and 3D velocity models with nontrivial acquisition and target geometries.},
  number = {5},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Xie, Xiao-Bi and Jin, Shengwen and Wu, Ru-Shan},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {S169-S177},
  eprint = {http://geophysics.geoscienceworld.org/content/71/5/S169.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{LeakingModes,
  title = {Guided Waves in Near-Surface Seismic Surveys},
  volume = {25},
  issn = {1944-8007},
  doi = {10.1029/98GL00549},
  number = {7},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  author = {Roth, M. and Holliger, K. and Green, A. G.},
  year = {1998},
  pages = {1071-1074}
}

@article{alkhalifah2014scattering,
  title = {Scattering-Angle Based Filtering of the Waveform Inversion Gradients},
  volume = {200},
  doi = {10.1093/gji/ggu379},
  abstract = {Full waveform inversion (FWI) requires a hierarchical approach to maneuver the complex non-linearity associated with the problem of velocity update. In anisotropic media, the non-linearity becomes far more complex with the potential trade-off between the multiparameter description of the model. A gradient filter helps us in accessing the parts of the gradient that are suitable to combat the potential non-linearity and parameter trade-off. The filter is based on representing the gradient in the time-lag normalized domain, in which the low scattering angle of the gradient update is initially muted out in the FWI implementation, in what we may refer to as a scattering angle continuation process. The result is a low wavelength update dominated by the transmission part of the update gradient. In this case, even 10 Hz data can produce vertically near-zero wavenumber updates suitable for a background correction of the model. Relaxing the filtering at a later stage in the FWI implementation allows for smaller scattering angles to contribute higher-resolution information to the model. The benefits of the extended domain based filtering of the gradient is not only it's ability in providing low wavenumber gradients guided by the scattering angle, but also in its potential to provide gradients free of unphysical energy that may correspond to unrealistic scattering angles.},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Alkhalifah, Tariq},
  year = {2015},
  pages = {363-373},
  eprint = {http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/200/1/363.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{tarantola1984,
  title = {Inversion of Seismic Reflection Data in the Acoustic Approximation},
  volume = {49},
  number = {8},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Tarantola, Albert},
  year = {1984},
  pages = {1259-1266},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{marmousi1991,
  title = {Marmousi, Model and Data},
  journal = {The Marmousi Experience},
  author = {Bourgeois, A and Bourget, M and Lailly, P and Poulet, M and Ricarte, P and Versteeg, R},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {5-16},
  publisher = {{Eur. Ass. Expl. Geophys}}
}

@article{biondi2013,
  title = {Tomographic Full-Waveform Inversion ({{TFWI}}) by Combining {{FWI}} and Wave-Equation Migration Velocity Analysis},
  volume = {32},
  doi = {10.1190/tle32091074.1},
  number = {9},
  journal = {The Leading Edge},
  author = {Biondi, Biondo and Almomin, Ali},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {1074-1080},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle32091074.1}
}

@article{bozdag2011,
  title = {Misfit Functions for Full Waveform Inversion Based on Instantaneous Phase and Envelope Measurements},
  volume = {185},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Bozd{\u a}g, Ebru and Trampert, Jeannot and Tromp, Jeroen},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {845-870},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@article{wu2014,
  title = {Seismic Envelope Inversion and Modulation Signal Model},
  volume = {79},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2013-0294.1},
  number = {3},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Wu, Ru-Shan and Luo, Jingrui and Wu, Bangyu},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {WA13-WA24},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0294.1}
}

@article{wim2010,
  title = {A Correlation-Based Misfit Criterion for Wave-Equation Traveltime Tomography},
  volume = {182},
  issn = {1365-246X},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04681.x},
  abstract = {Wave-equation traveltime tomography tries to obtain a subsurface velocity model from seismic data, either passive or active, that explains their traveltimes. A key step is the extraction of traveltime differences, or relative phase shifts, between observed and modelled finite-frequency waveforms. A standard approach involves a correlation of the observed and measured waveforms. When the amplitude spectra of the waveforms are identical, the maximum of the correlation is indicative of the relative phase shift. When the amplitude spectra are not identical, however, this argument is no longer valid. We propose an alternative criterion to measure the relative phase shift. This misfit criterion is a weighted norm of the correlation and is less sensitive to differences in the amplitude spectra. For practical application it is important to use a sensitivity kernel that is consistent with the way the misfit is measured. We derive this sensitivity kernel and show how it differs from the standard banana\dbend{}doughnut sensitivity kernel. We illustrate the approach on a cross-well data set.},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Van Leeuwen, T. and Mulder, W. A.},
  year = {2010},
  keywords = {Body waves,Inverse theory,Seismic tomography},
  pages = {1383-1394},
  publisher = {{Blackwell Publishing Ltd}}
}

@article{nocedal1980,
  title = {Updating Quasi-{{Newton}} Matrices with Limited Storage},
  volume = {35},
  number = {151},
  journal = {Mathematics of computation},
  author = {Nocedal, Jorge},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {773-782}
}

@article{kazei2015TS,
  title = {Pseudo-Spectral Full-Waveform Inversion},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Seismic Technologies},
  author = {Kazei, VV and Kashtan, BM and Troyan, VN and Tessmer, Ekkehart},
  year = {2015},
  pages = {18-28}
}

@article{luo1991wave,
  title = {Wave-Equation Traveltime Inversion},
  volume = {56},
  number = {5},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Luo, Yi and Schuster, Gerard T},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {645-653},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{broad2007,
  title = {Modeling the Impact of Wide-Azimuth Acquisition on Subsalt Imaging},
  volume = {72},
  doi = {10.1190/1.2736516},
  number = {5},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {VerWest, Bruce J. and Lin, Dechun},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {SM241-SM250},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2736516}
}

@article{dai2014uncertainty,
  title = {Uncertainty Quantification for {{CO2}} Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery},
  volume = {63},
  journal = {Energy Procedia},
  author = {Dai, Zhenxue and Viswanathan, Hari and {Fessenden-Rahn}, Julianna and Middleton, Richard and Pan, Feng and Jia, Wei and Lee, Si-Yong and McPherson, Brian and Ampomah, William and Grigg, Reid},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {7685-7693},
  publisher = {{Elsevier}}
}

@article{ivanov2016,
  title = {Upscaling in Orthorhombic Media: {{Behavior}} of Elastic Parameters in Heterogeneous Fractured Earth},
  volume = {81},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2015-0392.1},
  number = {3},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Ivanov, Yuriy and Stovas, Alexey},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {C113-C126},
  eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0392.1}
}

@article{stovas2017,
  title = {Kinematic Parameters of Pure- and Converted-Mode Waves in Elastic Orthorhombic Media},
  volume = {65},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2478.12420},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Stovas, Alexey},
  year = {2017},
  pages = {426-452}
}

@article{kosloff1982,
  title = {Forward Modeling by a {{Fourier}} Method},
  volume = {47},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1441288},
  abstract = {A Fourier or pseudospectral forward-modeling algorithm for solving the two-dimensional acoustic wave equation is presented. The method utilizes a spatial numerical grid to calculate spatial derivatives by the fast Fourier transform. Time derivatives which appear in the wave equation are calculated by second-order differencing. The scheme requires fewer grid points than finite-difference methods to achieve the same accuracy. It is therefore believed that the Fourier method will prove more efficient than finite-difference methods, especially when dealing with three-dimensional models.The Fourier forward-modeling method was tested against two problems, a single-layer problem with a known analytic solution and a wedge problem which was also tested by physical modeling. The numerical results agreed with both the analytic and physical model results. Furthermore, the numerical model facilitates the explanation of certain events on the time section of the physical model which otherwise could not easily be taken into account.},
  number = {10},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Kosloff, Dan D. and Baysal, Edip},
  year = {1982},
  pages = {1402-1412},
  eprint = {http://geophysics.geoscienceworld.org/content/47/10/1402.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{beydoun1989,
  title = {Elastic {{Ray}}-{{Born}} L2-{{Migration}}/{{Inversion}}},
  volume = {97},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb00490.x},
  abstract = {The approximate ray Green's tensor in 3-D heterogeneous elastic media combined with the first-order Born approximation lead to new explicit equations for solving, modelling and inverse scattering problems. Individual wave scattering contributions (PP, PS, SP, SS) are represented for four different linear approximations (i.e. parameter linearizations). the first-order Born appoximation yields a scattered wavefield which is linearly related to medium parameter perturbations. the linearized inverse scattering problem is solved in the space-time domain and consists of minimizing a cost function within the l2 norm with a one-step conditioned gradient procedure. From uni- or multicomponent data and a reference heterogeneous background model representing adequately either the long spatial wavelengths of the medium (i.e. the smooth model), and/or its principal features (i.e. the macro-model), this operation reduces to: (1) pre-stack depth-migrating the scattered data yielding three intermediate images; and (2) deconvolving these images by an elastic Hessian correction which produces final high-resolution images representing the medium's short spatial wavelength variations convolved with the source function (e.g. P and S impedances and density maps). If the reference model and data are satisfactory, typical artefacts are due to limited aperture or insufficient coverage. Use of high-frequency and Born approximations require certain constraints. For example, the dominant wavelength must always be smaller than the characteristic length of the reference medium, but larger than the scatterer characteristic length. to increase computational efficiency, the high-frequency approximate Green's tensor is calculated by the paraxial ray method. 2-D elastic synthetic examples for surface reflection and cross-hole experiments show the ability of such a technique to delineate subsurface structure and to recover local changes in elastic properties. However, density variations are more difficult to resolve than P and S impedance or velocity changes.},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Beydoun, Wafik B. and Mendes, Manuela},
  year = {1989},
  pages = {151-160},
  eprint = {http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/97/1/151.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{juwon2016,
  title = {Elastic Orthorhombic Anisotropic Parameter Inversion: {{An}} Analysis of Parameterization},
  volume = {81},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2015-0656.1},
  number = {6},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Oh, Ju-Won and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {C279-C293},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0656.1}
}

@article{artman2010,
  title = {Image Domain Signal to Noise Estimate},
  author = {Artman, Brad and Witten, Benjamin},
  month = jan,
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {{Google Patents}},
  note = {US Patent App. 13/145,328}
}

@article{kamei2013,
  title = {On Acoustic Waveform Tomography of Wide-Angle {{OBS}} Data?Strategies for Pre-Conditioning and Inversion},
  volume = {194},
  doi = {10.1093/gji/ggt165},
  abstract = {We successfully apply the acoustic Laplace?Fourier waveform tomography method to delineate P-wave velocity structures of the mega-splay fault system in the central part of the seismogenic Nankai subduction zone offshore Japan, using densely sampled wide-angle ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) data originally acquired in 2004. Our success is due to new and carefully designed data preconditioning and inversion strategies to mitigate (i) the well-known non-linearity of waveform inversion, (ii) the challenges arising from crustal-scale survey designs (e.g. undersampling of the OBSs), and (iii) modelling errors due to the use of the acoustic assumption.We identify a sixfold set of key components that together lead to the success of the high-resolution waveform tomography image: (i) Availability of low-frequency components (starting at 2.25?Hz) reducing the non-linearity, and access to large offset data (up to 55?km) increasing the depth of illumination and the recovery of low wavenumber components. (ii) A highly accurate traveltime tomography result (with an rms error of approximately 60?ms) that further mitigates the non-linearity. (iii) A hierarchical inversion approach in which phase spectra are inverted first to reduce artefacts from the acoustic assumption, and amplitude information is only incorporated in the final stages. (iv) A Laplace?Fourier domain approach that facilitates a multiscale approach to mitigate non-linearity by restricting the inversion to the low frequency components and early arrivals first, and sequentially including higher frequencies and later arrivals. (v) A pre-conditioning strategy for eliminating undesirable high wavenumber components from the the gradient. (vi) A strategy for source estimation that reduce the influence of the instrumental design.In the OBS case study used for illustration purposes, Laplace?Fourier waveform tomography retrieves velocity anomalies as small as 700?m (horizontally) and 350?m (vertically) above the top of the Philippine Sea Plate. The resulting velocity structures include low-velocity zones and thrust structures which have not been previously identified clearly. The velocity models are validated by scrutiny of synthetic and observed waveforms, by evaluating the coherency of source estimates, and by comparison with 3-D pre-stack migrated (PreSDM) images. Chequerboard tests and point-scatter tests demonstrate both the reliability and the limitations of the acoustic implementation.},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Kamei, R. and Pratt, R. G. and Tsuji, T.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {1250-1280},
  eprint = {http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/194/2/1250.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{tarantola1986,
  title = {A Strategy for Nonlinear Elastic Inversion of Seismic Reflection Data},
  volume = {51},
  number = {10},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Tarantola, Albert},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {1893-1903},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@incollection{kazei2016,
  title = {Scattering Angle-Based Filtering via Extension in Velocity},
  booktitle = {{{SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts}} 2016},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}},
  author = {Kazei, Vladimir and Tessmer, Ekkehart and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {1157-1162}
}

@article{bohlen2016Adams,
  title = {Three-Dimensional Viscoelastic Time-Domain Finite-Difference Seismic Modelling Using the Staggered {{Adams}}--{{Bashforth}} Time Integrator},
  volume = {204},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Bohlen, Thomas and Wittkamp, Florian},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {1781-1788},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@article{dai2013integrated,
  title = {An Integrated Framework for Optimizing {{CO2}} Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
  author = {Dai, Zhenxue and Middleton, Richard and Viswanathan, Hari and {Fessenden-Rahn}, Julianna and Bauman, Jacob and Pawar, Rajesh and Lee, Si-Yong and McPherson, Brian},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {49-54},
  publisher = {{ACS Publications}}
}

@article{anikiev2014m,
  title = {Methods of Seismic Waveform Inversion},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Seismic Technology},
  author = {Anikiev, DV and Kazei, VV and Kashtan, BM and Ponomarenko, AV and Troyan, VN and Shigapov, RA},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {1-32}
}

@techreport{walter2007,
  title = {Empirical Observations of Earthquake-Explosion Discrimination Using {{P}}/{{S}} Ratios and Implications for the Sources of Explosion {{S}}-Waves},
  institution = {{LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LAB CA}},
  author = {Walter, William R and Matzel, Eric and Pasyanos, Michael E and Harris, David B and Gok, Rengin and Ford, Sean R},
  year = {2007}
}

@article{ovcharenko2018,
  title = {Variance-Based Salt Body Reconstruction for Improved Full-Waveform Inversion},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Ovcharenko, Oleg and Kazei, Vladimir and Peter, Daniel and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
  year = {2018}
}

@article{bonaCoordinatefreeCharacterizationSymmetry2007,
  title = {Coordinate-Free {{Characterization}} of the {{Symmetry Classes}} of {{Elasticity Tensors}}},
  volume = {87},
  issn = {0374-3535, 1573-2681},
  doi = {10.1007/s10659-007-9099-z},
  abstract = {We formulate coordinate-free conditions for identifying all the symmetry classes of the elasticity tensor and prove that these conditions are both necessary and sufficient. Also, we construct a natural coordinate system of this tensor without the a priory knowledge of the symmetry axes.},
  language = {en},
  number = {2-3},
  journal = {Journal of Elasticity},
  author = {B\'ona, Andrej and Bucataru, Ioan and Slawinski, Michael A.},
  month = jun,
  year = {2007},
  pages = {109-132},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/JYWCRSJQ/Bóna et al_2007_Coordinate-free Characterization of the Symmetry Classes of Elasticity Tensors.pdf}
}

@article{browaeysDecompositionElasticTensor2004,
  title = {Decomposition of the Elastic Tensor and Geophysical Applications},
  volume = {159},
  issn = {0956540X, 1365246X},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02415.x},
  abstract = {Elasticity is described in general by a fourth-order tensor with 21 independent coefficients, which corresponds to the triclinic symmetry class. However seismological observations are usually explained with a higher order of symmetry using fewer parameters. We propose an analytical method to decompose the elastic tensor into a sum of orthogonal tensors belonging to the different symmetry classes. The method relies on a vectorial description of the elastic tensor. Any symmetry class constitutes a subspace of a class of lower symmetry and an orthogonal projection on this subspace removes the lower symmetry part. Orthogonal projectors on each higher symmetry class are given explicitly. In addition, the method provides optimal higher symmetry approximations, which allow us to decrease the number of independent parameters. Consequences of the symmetry approximation of the elastic tensor on shear wave splitting (SWS) are investigated for upper-mantle minerals (olivine and enstatite), natural samples and numerically deformed olivine aggregates. The orthorhombic part of the elastic tensor as well as the presence of enstatite are important second-order effects.},
  language = {en},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Browaeys, Jules Thomas and Chevrot, S\'ebastien},
  month = nov,
  year = {2004},
  pages = {667-678},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/DUXHHPV7/Browaeys and Chevrot - 2004 - Decomposition of the elastic tensor and geophysica.pdf}
}

@article{moakherClosestElasticTensor2006,
  title = {The {{Closest Elastic Tensor}} of {{Arbitrary Symmetry}} to an {{Elasticity Tensor}} of {{Lower Symmetry}}},
  volume = {85},
  issn = {0374-3535, 1573-2681},
  doi = {10.1007/s10659-006-9082-0},
  language = {en},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Journal of Elasticity},
  author = {Moakher, Maher and Norris, Andrew N.},
  month = oct,
  year = {2006},
  pages = {215-263},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/M2NISRXR/Moakher and Norris - 2006 - The Closest Elastic Tensor of Arbitrary Symmetry t.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/ZZCXSFSK/10.1007s10659-006-9082-0.pdf}
}

@article{fukaoEvidenceCorereflectedShear1984,
  title = {Evidence from Core-Reflected Shear Waves for Anisotropy in the {{Earth}}'s Mantle},
  volume = {309},
  copyright = {1984 Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/309695a0},
  abstract = {Seismologists have begun to recognize that the upper mantle at depth is anisotropic and that seismological data are not fully explicable if anisotropy is ignored1\textendash{}5. On entering an anisotropic zone a plane shear wave splits into two orthogonally polarized phases6; an effect observed by several researchers7, notably by Ando et al.5,8,9. The near vertical ScS wave, an S wave reflected once at the core-mantle boundary, is one of the most suitable phases to study the phenomenon of shear wave birefringence because it is isolated from other phases and because its particle motion is nearly horizontal and thus free from S to P conversion. The split ScS shear waves travel with different velocities in the anisotropic zone and consequently there is a time delay between their arrival at stations. My aim was to determine this time delay and the azimuth of polarization using the ScS records of two horizontal components from the Japanese islands for a deep shock beneath the Sea of Okhotsk. From the total of 41 stations 34 show a polarization of the maximum velocity phase in the NNW\textendash{}SSE direction with an average time advance of {$\sim$}0.8s from the minimum velocity phase. The relevant anisotropic zone seems to be deep-seated.},
  language = {en},
  number = {5970},
  journal = {Nature},
  author = {Fukao, Yoshio},
  month = jun,
  year = {1984},
  pages = {695-698},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/85AADK4K/Fukao_1984_Evidence from core-reflected shear waves for anisotropy in the Earth's mantle.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/QBXA7WRT/Fukao_1984_Evidence from core-reflected shear waves for anisotropy in the Earth's mantle.pdf}
}

@article{searsElasticFullWaveform2008,
  title = {Elastic Full Waveform Inversion of Multi-Component {{OBC}} Seismic Data},
  volume = {56},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2478.2008.00692.x},
  abstract = {Elastic full waveform inversion of seismic reflection data represents a data-driven form of analysis leading to quantification of sub-surface parameters in depth. In previous studies attention has been given to P-wave data recorded in the marine environment, using either acoustic or elastic inversion schemes. In this paper we exploit both P-waves and mode-converted S-waves in the marine environment in the inversion for both P- and S-wave velocities by using wide-angle, multi-component, ocean-bottom cable seismic data. An elastic waveform inversion scheme operating in the time domain was used, allowing accurate modelling of the full wavefield, including the elastic amplitude variation with offset response of reflected arrivals and mode-converted events. A series of one- and two-dimensional synthetic examples are presented, demonstrating the ability to invert for and thereby to quantify both P- and S-wave velocities for different velocity models. In particular, for more realistic low velocity models, including a typically soft seabed, an effective strategy for inversion is proposed to exploit both P- and mode-converted PS-waves. Whilst P-wave events are exploited for inversion for P-wave velocity, examples show the contribution of both P- and PS-waves to the successful recovery of S-wave velocity.},
  language = {en},
  number = {6},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Sears, T.j. and Singh, S.c. and Barton, P.j.},
  month = nov,
  year = {2008},
  pages = {843-862},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/JJND5RR6/Sears et al_2008_Elastic full waveform inversion of multi-component OBC seismic data.pdf}
}

@article{vinnikGlobalPatternsAzimuthal1992,
  title = {Global Patterns of Azimuthal Anisotropy and Deformations in the Continental Mantle},
  volume = {111},
  issn = {0956-540X},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb02102.x},
  abstract = {We present a summary of measurements of azimuthal anisotropy in the continental mantle based on the SKS technique and performed mostly with the active participation of the authors. The directions of polarization of the fast quasi-shear wave and the time delays between the quasi-shear waves are obtained at nearly 70 locations in all continents, except Antarctica. These data are interpreted in terms of lattice-preferred orientation of olivine which is caused by deformations in the mantle. The depth interval responsible for anisotropy is unknown but the data suggest that it may reach at least 300 km. The fast directions in SKS do not show clear correlation with the fast directions of the teleseismic P at the same seismograph stations.In the regions of present-day convergence the fast direction of anisotropy usually aligns with the plate boundary. This correlation implies that the direction of shortening is the same in the crust and the upper mantle. In the regions of rifting, the inferred direction of mantle flow usually aligns with the direction of extension in the crust.Outside the regions of recent tectonic activity we, most likely, observe a combined effect of frozen anisotropy in the subcrustal lithosphere and of recently formed anisotropy in the asthenosphere. On a global scale, in these regions there is a positive correlation between the absolute plate velocity directions and the fast directions of anisotropy. The correlation is especially strong in central and eastern parts of North America. A clear absence of any evidence of large-scale azimuthal anisotropy in the data of long-range refraction profiling for the upper 100 km of the mantle of that region implies that the effect in SKS is generated mainly at greater depths, in the asthenosphere. Orientation of olivine at these depths reflects recent and present-day flow in the mantle rather than processes of a distant geologic past.},
  language = {en},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Vinnik, L. P. and Makeyeva, L. I. and Milev, A. and Usenko, A. Yu},
  month = dec,
  year = {1992},
  pages = {433-447},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/PEQV2DCD/Vinnik et al_1992_Global patterns of azimuthal anisotropy and deformations in the continental.pdf}
}

@article{bhuktaUpperMantleAnisotropy2017,
  title = {Upper Mantle Anisotropy Inferred from Shear Wave Splitting beneath the {{Eastern Indian Shield}} Region},
  issn = {1674-9871},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gsf.2017.12.003},
  abstract = {We estimate the shear wave splitting parameters vis-\`a-vis the thicknesses of the continental lithosphere beneath the two permanent seismic broadband stations located at Dhanbad (DHN) and Bokaro (BOKR) in the Eastern Indian Shield region. Broadband seismic data of 146 and 131 teleseismic earthquake events recorded at DHN and BOKR stations during 2007\textendash{}2014 were analyzed for the present measurements. The study is carried out using rotation-correlation and transverse component minimization methods. We retain our ``Good'', ``Fair'' and ``Null'' measurements, and estimate the splitting parameters using 13 ``Good'' results for DHN and 10 ``Good'' results for BOKR stations. The average splitting parameters ({$\phi$}, {$\delta$}t) for DHN and BOKR stations are found to be 50.76\textdegree{$\pm$}5.46\textdegree{} and 0.82~{$\pm{}~$}0.2~s and 56.30\textdegree{$\pm$}5.07\textdegree{} and 0.95~{$\pm{}~$}0.17~s, and the estimated average thicknesses of the anisotropic layers beneath these two stations are~{$\sim{}~$}94 and {$\sim$}109~km, respectively. The measured deviation of azimuth of the fast axis direction ({$\phi$}) from the absolute motion of the Indian plate ranges from {$\sim$}8\textdegree{} to 14\textdegree. The measured deviation of azimuth of the fast axis direction ({$\phi$}) from the absolute motion of the Indian plate ranges from {$\sim$}8\textdegree{} to 14\textdegree. The eastward deviation of the fast axis azimuths from absolute plate motion direction is interpreted to be caused by induced outflow from the asthenosphere. Further, the delay time found in the present analysis is close to the global average for continental shield areas, and also coherent with other studies for Indian shield regions. The five ``Null'' results and the lower delay time of {$\sim$}0.5\textendash{}0.6~s might be indicating multilayer anisotropy existing in the mantle lithosphere beneath the study area.},
  journal = {Geoscience Frontiers},
  author = {Bhukta, Kuntal and Khan, Prosanta K. and Mandal, Prantik},
  month = dec,
  year = {2017},
  keywords = {Absolute plate motion,Eastern Indian shield,Seismic anisotropy,Splitting parameters}
}

@book{babuskaSeismicAnisotropyEarth1991,
  title = {Seismic {{Anisotropy}} in the {{Earth}}},
  isbn = {978-0-7923-1321-2},
  abstract = {Structural geologists are well aware of the fact that isotropic rocks are quite exceptional in nature. Whicheverorigin, sedimentary, metamorphicormagmatic, rocks are shaped with a plane of mineral flattening, the foliation in geologists' jargon, and with a line ofmineral elongation, the lineation. Just like a good quarryman, a trained structural geologistwill detectapreferredorientationin an apparently isotropic granite. Preferred mineral orientation and thus structural anisotropy are the rule in nature. Consideringthe largevariationsinelasticcoefficientsofrock-forming minerals, itcould be predicted that, in turn, seismic anisotropy should exist and be important, provided thatdomains withasimilarstructural signatureare largeenough to affectseismic waves. This is why, in 1982 at a conference held in Frankfurt, which was oneofthe fIrst meetings devoted to the subject of seismic anisotropy, I asked Don Anderson the question of why seismologists had not considered earlier in their models the obvious constraint of anisotropy. I still remember Don's answer: "Adolphe, we knew that our isotropic models were not very good but we had no other choice. It is simply that, so far, computerswere not largeenough tointegrate the anisotropy parameter." Changingisotropic glassesfor anisotropic ones permits us to obtain betterand more realistic seismic modelsofthe Earth's interior, but, maybe more importantly, it has, for a seismologist, the farreaching consequenceofsteppinginto the fIeld ofgeodynamics.},
  language = {en},
  publisher = {{Springer Science \& Business Media}},
  author = {Babuska, V. and Cara, M.},
  month = jul,
  year = {1991},
  keywords = {Science / Earth Sciences / Geology,Science / Physics / Geophysics}
}

@article{silverShearWaveSplitting1991,
  title = {Shear Wave Splitting and Subcontinental Mantle Deformation},
  volume = {96},
  issn = {2156-2202},
  doi = {10.1029/91JB00899},
  abstract = {We have made measurements of shear wave splitting in the phases SKS and SKKS at 21 broadband stations in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Measurements are made using a retrieval scheme that yields the azimuth of the fast polarization direction {$\phi$} and delay time {$\delta$}t of the split shear wave plus uncertainties. Detectable anisotropy was found at most stations, suggesting that it is a general feature of the subcontinental mantle. Delay times range from 0.65 s to 1.70 s and average about 1 s. Somewhat surprisingly, the largest delay time is found in the 2.7 b.y.-old Western Superior Province of the Canadian Shield. The splitting observations are interpreted in terms of the strain-induced lattice preferred orientation of mantle minerals, especially olivine. We consider three hypotheses concerning the origin of the continental anisotropy: (1) strain associated with absolute plate motion, as in the oceanic upper mantle, (2) crustal stress, and (3) the past and present internal deformation of the subcontinental upper mantle by tectonic episodes. It is found that the last hypothesis is the most successful, namely that the most recent significant episode of internal deformation appears to be the best predictor of {$\phi$}. For stable continental regions, this is interpreted as ``fossil'' anisotropy, whereas for presently active regions, such as Alaska, the anisotropy reflects present-day tectonic activity. In the stable portion of North America there is a good correlation between delay time and lithospheric thickness; this is consistent with the anisotropy being localized in the subcontinental lithosphere and suggests that intrinsic anisotropy is approximately constant. The acceptance of this hypothesis has several implications for subcontinental mantle deformation. First, it argues for coherent deformation of the continental lithosphere (crust and mantle) during orogenies. This implies that the anisotropic portion of the lithosphere was present since the deformational episode and rules out the addition of undeformed material to this layer by subsequent ``underplating'' or conductive growth of the thermal boundary layer. One of the most important issues in the study of orogenies is the need to reconcile the formation of thickened lithosphere with the paradoxically high mantle temperatures often associated with orogenic episodes. Most efforts to date have focussed on modes of deformation whereby the cold lithospheric mantle is removed (by convective instability or delamination) and replaced by warm asthenosphere. These models, however, are incompatible with the evidence for preserved coherent lithospheric deformation; rather, the deformed mantle appears to have been heated in place. We suggest that the elevated mantle temperatures may be due to the strain heating accompanying the deformation.},
  language = {en},
  number = {B10},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
  author = {Silver, Paul G. and Chan, W. Winston},
  month = sep,
  year = {1991},
  keywords = {7218 Lithosphere},
  pages = {16429-16454},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/DC3PLE5M/Silver_Chan_1991_Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation.pdf}
}

@article{ponomarenkoSurfaceWaveInversion2017,
  title = {Surface-wave Inversion for a {{P}}-velocity Profile with a Constant Depth Gradient of the Squared Slowness},
  volume = {65},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2478.12450},
  abstract = {Surface waves are often used to estimate a near-surface shear-velocity profile. The inverse problem is solved for the locally one-dimensional problem of a set of homogeneous horizontal elastic layers....},
  language = {en},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Ponomarenko, A. V. and Kashtan, B. M. and Troyan, V. N. and Mulder, W. A.},
  month = jul,
  year = {2017},
  keywords = {P-wave velocity profile,Squared-slowness gradient,Surface-wave inversion},
  pages = {941-955},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/3FQ354IU/Ponomarenko et al_2017_Surface-wave inversion for a P-velocity profile with a constant depth gradient.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/PHLBNAVQ/Ponomarenko et al_2017_Surface‐wave inversion for a P‐velocity profile with a constant depth gradient.pdf}
}

@incollection{sniederChapterScatteringSurface2002,
  address = {London},
  title = {Chapter 1.7.3 - {{Scattering}} of {{Surface Waves}}},
  isbn = {978-0-12-613760-6},
  abstract = {This chapter describes the seismic imaging. It will discuss how the waveform inversion problem can be formulated in terms of statistical inference. Statistical methods are essential in order to be able to take into account the limited, uncertain nature of the observations. It can be seen that the classical imaging methods of seismology and ultrasonics (such as migration and diffraction tomography) arise as special cases of more general waveform inversion formulae. The methods described are applicable in many fields that make use of array-based waveform measurements, such as ultrasonics, nondestructive testing, global seismology, ocean acoustics and ground-penetrating radar. Seismic migration is applied in vast quantities of exploration seismic data around the world; it can be looked upon as a special case of a more general family of waveform inversion algorithms. The goal of migration is to produce maps of the subsurface reflection coefficient. Migration is used as a form of exploratory data analysis. On the other hand, the goal of seismic waveform inversion is to make quantitative inferences about the Earth's elastic properties. The final result consists of probabilistic statements about the range of models that fit the surface seismic data and are statistically consistent with the borehole measurements.},
  booktitle = {Scattering},
  publisher = {{Academic Press}},
  author = {Snieder, Roel},
  editor = {Pike, Roy and Sabatier, Pierre},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {562-577},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/CKGAX9D9/Snieder_2002_Chapter 1.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/E35CJM2S/Snieder_2002_Chapter 1.pdf},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-012613760-6/50029-2}
}

@article{wookeyLowermostMantleAnisotropy2005,
  title = {Lowermost Mantle Anisotropy beneath the North {{Pacific}} from Differential {{S}}\textemdash{{ScS}} Splitting},
  volume = {161},
  issn = {0956-540X},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02623.x},
  abstract = {Seismic anisotropy is an important tool for studying the nature, origin and dynamics of the lowermost mantle (D{${''}$}). We introduce differential S\textendash{}ScS splitting as a tool for removing the effect of near-source and near-receiver anisotropy to estimate splitting accrued in the D{${''}$} region. This is applicable to events recorded at epicentral distances between 60\textdegree{} and 85\textdegree. Near-source anisotropy has often been ignored in previous studies of lowermost mantle anisotropy. We apply differential S\textendash{}ScS splitting to records from Canadian National Seismic Network stations of western Pacific earthquakes; these sample the lowermost mantle beneath the north Pacific. The residual splitting in ScS, which we attribute to D{${''}$}, shows lag times between 1.0 and 3.9 s. Given the near horizontal ray path of ScS in D{${''}$}, we interpret the recovered fast directions as the orientation of the fast shear wave in the plane defined by the vertical and transverse directions and observe a clearly non-VTI (transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry) style of anisotropy. The largest population of results shows an approximately southeasterly dipping symmetry axis which we speculate might be explained by descending palaeoslab material being swept horizontally across the core\textendash{}mantle boundary towards an upwelling region beneath the central Pacific. Non-VTI symmetry and the many possible contributions to D{${''}$} anisotropy from lower-mantle minerals, melt and subducted materials suggest that our understanding of the lowermost mantle could be greatly improved by trying to resolve a more general style of anisotropy.},
  language = {en},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Wookey, James and Kendall, J.-Michael and R\"umpker, Georg},
  month = jun,
  year = {2005},
  pages = {829-838},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/CYKSS9C7/Wookey et al_2005_Lowermost mantle anisotropy beneath the north Pacific from differential S—ScS.pdf}
}

@article{irving2017,
  title = {Using {{PKiKP}} Coda to Study Heterogeneity in the Top Layer of the Inner Core's Western Hemisphere},
  volume = {209},
  issn = {0956-540X},
  doi = {10.1093/gji/ggx047},
  abstract = {Significant lateral and depth variations of the inner core's properties, such as the large-scale hemispherical pattern, have been confirmed by a variety of seismological observations. However it is still unclear which dynamic processes in the core are responsible for these variations. Small-scale volumetric heterogeneity has been detected in the top layer of the inner core by PKiKP coda observations. Studies of these small-scale heterogeneities can provide critical information, such as the degree of alignment of iron crystals, the presence of possible partial melt and the grain size of iron crystals, all of which can be used to constrain the dynamic processes of the inner core. However, most previous observations sampled the inner core beneath the Pacific Ocean and Asia, often in the inner core's `eastern hemisphere'. We use seismic stations in the North America, including the Earthscope Transportable Array, to look at PKiKP and its coda waves. We find 21 events with clear signals. In agreement with previous studies, inner core scattering (ICS), resulting in clear PKiKP coda, is found at epicentral distances of 60\textdegree\textendash{}95\textdegree. However, the ICS we observe in these 21 western hemisphere events is weaker than previously reported for the eastern hemisphere. Comparing our observations with numerical simulations, we conclude that this relatively weak ICS indicates small-scale heterogeneity in at least the top layer of the inner core beneath Central America. Combining our clear observations with previous studies suggests either a hemispherical difference, or a regional variation, of small-scale heterogeneity in the inner core.},
  language = {en},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Wu, Wenbo and Irving, Jessica C. E.},
  month = may,
  year = {2017},
  pages = {672-687},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/FHZZVHPE/Wu_Irving_2017_Using PKiKP coda to study heterogeneity in the top layer of the inner core's.pdf}
}

@article{irvingRegionalSeismicVariations2015,
  title = {Regional Seismic Variations in the Inner Core under the {{North Pacific}}},
  volume = {203},
  issn = {0956-540X},
  doi = {10.1093/gji/ggv435},
  abstract = {An asymmetry between a nearly isotropic, faster `eastern' hemisphere and an anisotropic, slower `western' hemisphere in Earth's inner core has been revealed by previous seismic studies. However, it remains unclear if division of the inner core into just two hemispheres is too simplistic. Here, we carry out regional-scale tomography using a new body wave data set to study the hemisphere boundary region beneath the northern and central Pacific Ocean and North America. If anisotropy is not considered, then a hemispherical pattern seems to be present in the study region, though the hemisphere boundary appears to be irregular. However, once the presence of anisotropy is permitted we find that this region cannot be simply separated into an anisotropic western hemisphere and an isotropic eastern hemisphere; instead the strength of the anisotropy varies regionally. The global hemispherical pattern is not observed here, instead the strongest anisotropy is observed in the centre and south west of the study region. Some of the strongest anisotropy appears to be in the `eastern' inner core, while part of the inner core assumed to be in the western hemisphere shows weaker anisotropy. Thus, this part of the inner core displays complex variations in anisotropy which differ from a simple hemispherical division. We suggest that a long-lived global heterogeneity, such as uneven heat flow through the core\textendash{}mantle boundary over a period of hundreds of millions of years, may be responsible for the observed pattern of inner core anisotropy.},
  language = {en},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Irving, J. C. E. and Deuss, A.},
  month = dec,
  year = {2015},
  pages = {2189-2199},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/I96XQ8YV/Irving_Deuss_2015_Regional seismic variations in the inner core under the North Pacific.pdf}
}

@article{soccoSurfacewaveAnalysisBuilding2010,
  title = {Surface-Wave Analysis for Building near-Surface Velocity Models \textemdash{} {{Established}} Approaches and New Perspectives},
  volume = {75},
  issn = {0016-8033},
  doi = {10.1190/1.3479491},
  abstract = {Today, surface-wave analysis is widely adopted for building near-surface S-wave velocity models. The surface-wave method is under continuous and rapid evolution, also thanks to the lively scientific debate among different disciplines, and interest in the technique has increased significantly during the last decade. A comprehensive review of the literature in the main scientific journals provides historical perspective, methodological issues, applications, and most-promising recent approaches. Higher modes in the inversion and retrieval of lateral variations are dealt with in great detail, and the current scientific debate on these topics is reported. A best-practices guideline is also outlined.},
  number = {5},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Socco, L. and Foti, S. and Boiero, D.},
  month = sep,
  year = {2010},
  pages = {75A83-75A102},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/SL2DHDYW/Socco et al_2010_Surface-wave analysis for building near-surface velocity models — Established.pdf}
}

@article{panLovewaveWaveformInversion2015,
  title = {Love-Wave Waveform Inversion in Time Domain for Shallow Shear-Wave Velocity},
  volume = {81},
  issn = {0016-8033},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2014-0225.1},
  abstract = {High-frequency surface-wave techniques are widely used to estimate S-wave velocity of near-surface materials. Surface-wave methods based on inversions of dispersion curves are only suitable to laterally homogeneous or smoothly laterally varying heterogeneous earth models due to the layered-model assumption during calculation of dispersion curves. Waveform inversion directly fits the waveform of observed data, and it can be applied to any kinds of earth models. We have used the Love-wave waveform inversion in the time domain to estimate near-surface S-wave velocity. We used the finite-difference method as the forward modeling method. The source effect was removed by the deconvolution technique, which made our method independent of the source wavelet. We defined the difference between the deconvolved observed and calculated waveform as the misfit function. We divided the model into different sizes of blocks depending on the resolution of the Love waves, and we updated the S-wave velocity of each block via a conjugate gradient algorithm. We used two synthetic models to test the effectiveness of our method. A real-world case verified the validity of our method.},
  number = {1},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Pan, Y. and Xia, J. and Xu, Y. and Gao, L. and Xu, Z.},
  month = nov,
  year = {2015},
  pages = {R1-R14},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/WM9B36QW/Pan et al_2015_Love-wave waveform inversion in time domain for shallow shear-wave velocity.pdf}
}

@article{dokterFullWaveformInversion2017,
  title = {Full Waveform Inversion of {{SH}}- and {{Love}}-wave Data in Near-surface Prospecting},
  volume = {65},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2478.12549},
  abstract = {We develop a two-dimensional full waveform inversion approach for the simultaneous determination of S-wave velocity and density models from SH - and Love-wave data. We illustrate the advantages of the...},
  language = {en},
  number = {S1},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Dokter, E. and K\"ohn, D. and Wilken, D. and De Nil, D. and Rabbel, W.},
  month = dec,
  year = {2017},
  pages = {216-236},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/C66TXWDM/Dokter et al_2017_Full waveform inversion of SH‐ and Love‐wave data in near‐surface prospecting.pdf}
}

@article{liuNewApproachSeparate2017,
  title = {A New Approach to Separate Seismic Time-Lapse Time Shifts in the Reservoir and Overburden},
  volume = {82},
  issn = {0016-8033, 1942-2156},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2016-0560.1},
  language = {en},
  number = {6},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Liu, Yi and Landr\o, Martin and Arntsen, B\o{}rge and {van der Neut}, Joost and Wapenaar, Kees},
  month = nov,
  year = {2017},
  pages = {Q67-Q78},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/VMFA96VR/geo2016_0560.1.pdf}
}

@article{landroDiscriminationPressureFluid2001,
  title = {Discrimination between Pressure and Fluid Saturation Changes from Time-Lapse Seismic Data},
  volume = {66},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Landr\o, Martin},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {836--844},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/3SKTCHFN/1.pdf}
}

@article{grechkaInversionNormalMoveout2000,
  title = {Inversion of Normal Moveout for Monoclinic Media1},
  volume = {48},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2478.2000.00200.x},
  abstract = {Multiple vertical fracture sets, possibly combined with horizontal fine layering, produce an equivalent medium of monoclinic symmetry with a horizontal symmetry plane. Although monoclinic models may be rather common for fractured formations, they have hardly been used in seismic methods of fracture detection due to the large number of independent elements in the stiffness tensor. Here, we show that multicomponent wide-azimuth reflection data (combined with known vertical velocity or reflector depth) or multi-azimuth walkaway VSP surveys provide enough information to invert for all but one anisotropic parameters of monoclinic media. In order to facilitate the inversion procedure, we introduce a Thomsen-style parametrization for monoclinic media that includes the vertical velocities of the P-wave and one of the split S-waves and a set of dimensionless anisotropic coefficients. Our notation, defined for the coordinate frame associated with the polarization directions of the vertically propagating shear waves, captures the combinations of the stiffnesses responsible for the normal-moveout (NMO) ellipses of all three pure modes. The first group of the anisotropic parameters contains seven coefficients ({$\epsilon$}(1,2), {$\delta$}(1,2,3) and {$\gamma$}(1,2)) analogous to those defined by Tsvankin for the higher-symmetry orthorhombic model. The parameters {$\epsilon$}(1,2), {$\delta$}(1,2) and {$\gamma$}(1,2) are primarily responsible for the pure-mode NMO velocities along the coordinate axes x1 and x2 (i.e. in the shear-wave polarization directions). The remaining coefficient {$\delta$}(3) is not constrained by conventional-spread reflection traveltimes in a horizontal monoclinic layer. The second parameter group consists of the newly introduced coefficients {$\zeta$}(1,2,3) which control the rotation of the P-, S1- and S2-wave NMO ellipses with respect to the horizontal coordinate axes. Misalignment of the P-wave NMO ellipse and shear-wave polarization directions was recently observed on field data by P\'erez et al. Our parameter-estimation algorithm, based on NMO equations valid for any strength of the anisotropy, is designed to obtain anisotropic parameters of monoclinic media by inverting the vertical velocities and NMO ellipses of the P-, S1- and S2-waves. A Dix-type representation of the NMO velocity of mode-converted waves makes it possible to replace the pure shear modes in reflection surveys with the PS1- and PS2-waves. Numerical tests show that our method yields stable estimates of all relevant parameters for both a single layer and a horizontally stratified monoclinic medium.},
  language = {en},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Grechka, Vladimir and Contreras, Pedro and Tsvankin, Ilya},
  month = may,
  year = {2000},
  pages = {577-602},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/CNGDDBTJ/Grechka et al_2000_Inversion of normal moveout for monoclinic media1.pdf}
}

@article{tommasiStructuralReactivationPlate2009,
  title = {Structural Reactivation in Plate Tectonics Controlled by Olivine Crystal Anisotropy},
  volume = {2},
  issn = {1752-0894, 1752-0908},
  doi = {10.1038/ngeo528},
  language = {en},
  number = {6},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  author = {Tommasi, Andr\'ea and Knoll, Mickael and Vauchez, Alain and Signorelli, Javier W. and Thoraval, Catherine and Log\'e, Roland},
  month = jun,
  year = {2009},
  pages = {423-427},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/C62J9QJ4/Tommasi et al_2009_Structural reactivation in plate tectonics controlled by olivine crystal.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/XU8TRI48/Structural-reactivation-in-plate-tectonics-controlled-by-olivine-crystal-anisotropy.pdf}
}

@article{durhamPlasticFlowOriented1977,
  title = {Plastic Flow of Oriented Single Crystals of Olivine: 1. {{Mechanical}} Data},
  volume = {82},
  issn = {2156-2202},
  shorttitle = {Plastic Flow of Oriented Single Crystals of Olivine},
  doi = {10.1029/JB082i036p05737},
  abstract = {A total of 41 selectively oriented single crystals of olivine (Fo92) were deformed under uniaxial stresses of 100\textendash{}1800 bars in the temperature range 1150\textdegree\textendash{}1600\textdegree{}C. Under uniform stress no strain inhomogeneities were observed. For all orientations both strain rate and dislocation structure stabilized after 1\textendash{}2\% strain and remained stable to the highest strains achieved (40\%). For all orientations, creep could be represented by a power law of the form

= A{$\sigma$}3.6 where A varied with orientation by a factor of 50. Shape change and crystallographic rotation data for some orientations could only be accounted for by a substantial dislocation climb contribution to the strain rate. All specimens were decorated to show the dislocation structure. Supplement is available with entire article on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 1909 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. Document J77-009. Payment must accompany order.},
  language = {en},
  number = {36},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  author = {Durham, W. B. and Goetze, C.},
  month = dec,
  year = {1977},
  keywords = {3602 Mineralogy; Petrology; and Crystal Chemistry: Properties of minerals,5104 Physical Properties of Rocks: Elasticity; fracture; and flow,8155 Tectonophysics: Plate tectonics},
  pages = {5737-5753},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/FYY269QK/Durham_Goetze_1977_Plastic flow of oriented single crystals of olivine.pdf}
}

@article{wu2017,
  title = {An Efficient {{Helmholtz}} Solver for Acoustic Transversely Isotropic Media},
  volume = {83},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Wu, Zedong and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
  year = {2017},
  pages = {1-20},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{masson2017box,
  title = {Box Tomography: Localized Imaging of Remote Targets Buried in an Unknown Medium, a Step Forward for Understanding Key Structures in the Deep {{Earth}}},
  volume = {211},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Masson, Yder and Romanowicz, Barbara},
  year = {2017},
  pages = {141-163},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@article{bozdag2016,
  title = {Global Adjoint Tomography: First-Generation Model},
  volume = {207},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Supplements to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  author = {Bozd{\u a}g, Ebru and Peter, Daniel and Lefebvre, Matthieu and Komatitsch, Dimitri and Tromp, Jeroen and Hill, Judith and Podhorszki, Norbert and Pugmire, David},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {1739-1766},
  publisher = {{The Royal Astronomical Society}}
}

@article{yuDetectabilityTemporalChanges2016,
  title = {Detectability of Temporal Changes in Fine Structures near the Inner Core Boundary beneath the Eastern Hemisphere},
  volume = {43},
  issn = {1944-8007},
  doi = {10.1002/2016GL069664},
  abstract = {The inner core boundary (ICB), where melting and solidification of the core occur, plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the Earth's interior. To probe temporal changes near the ICB beneath the eastern hemisphere, I analyze differential times of PKiKP (dt(PKiKP)), double differential times of PKiKP-PKPdf, and PKiKP coda waves from repeating earthquakes in the southwest Pacific subduction zones. dt(PKiKP) values are mostly within {$\pm$}30\,ms of one another, without systematic temporal dependence. Some observations of PKiKP coda waves have absolute time shifts of {$>$}50\,ms relative to their main phases. The combination of temporal changes in PKiKP coda arrivals and negligible changes in PKiKP arrivals favors a smooth ICB with fine-scale structures in the upper inner core. dt(PKiKP) values are interpreted in the context of melting- or growth-induced ICB topography, based on dynamic models. Uncertainties in dt(PKiKP) prevent verification of ICB melting or growth on decadal time scales.},
  language = {en},
  number = {13},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  author = {Yu, W.},
  month = jul,
  year = {2016},
  keywords = {1507 Core processes,7203 Body waves,7207 Core,8124 Earth's interior: composition and state,coda wave interferometry,inner core boundary,PKP waves,repeating earthquakes},
  pages = {2016GL069664},
  file = {/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/5G3RALXI/Yu - 2016 - Detectability of temporal changes in fine structur.pdf;/home/kazeiv/Zotero/storage/Q3HND52J/Yu_2016_Detectability of temporal changes in fine structures near the inner core.pdf}
}

@article{shaw2004,
  title = {Born Integral, Stationary Phase and Linearized Reflection Coefficients in Weak Anisotropic Media},
  volume = {158},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Shaw, Ranjit K and Sen, Mrinal K},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {225-238},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@inproceedings{podgornova,
  title = {Analysis of Resolution Limits of {{VTI}} Anisotropy with Full Waveform Inversion},
  booktitle = {2015 {{SEG Annual Meeting}}},
  author = {Podgornova, Olga and Leaney, Scott and Liang, Lin and others},
  year = {2015},
  organization = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{kazei2013gp,
  title = {On the Role of Reflections, Refractions and Diving Waves in Full-Waveform Inversion},
  volume = {61},
  number = {6},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Kazei, VV and Troyan, VN and Kashtan, BM and Mulder, WA},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {1252-1263},
  publisher = {{Wiley Online Library}}
}

@article{tsvankin1997,
  title = {Anisotropic Parameters and {{P}}-Wave Velocity for Orthorhombic Media},
  volume = {62},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Tsvankin, Ilya},
  year = {1997},
  pages = {1292-1309},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{wu1985,
  title = {Scattering Characteristics of Elastic Waves by an Elastic Heterogeneity},
  volume = {50},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Wu, R-S and Aki, Keiiti},
  year = {1985},
  pages = {582-595},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@incollection{duveneck2008,
  title = {Acoustic {{VTI}} Wave Equations and Their Application for Anisotropic Reverse-Time Migration},
  booktitle = {{{SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts}} 2008},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}},
  author = {Duveneck, Eric and Milcik, Paul and Bakker, Peter M and Perkins, Colin},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {2186-2190}
}

@article{operto2013,
  title = {A Guided Tour of Multiparameter Full-Waveform Inversion with Multicomponent Data: {{From}} Theory to Practice},
  volume = {32},
  number = {9},
  journal = {The Leading Edge},
  author = {Operto, St\'ephane and Gholami, Yaser and Prieux, V and Ribodetti, Alessandra and Brossier, R and Metivier, L and Virieux, Jean},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {1040-1054},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{gholami20132,
  title = {Which Parameterization Is Suitable for Acoustic Vertical Transverse Isotropic Full Waveform Inversion? {{Part}} 2: {{Synthetic}} and Real Data Case Studies from {{Valhall}}},
  volume = {78},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2012-0203.1},
  number = {2},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Gholami, Yaser and Brossier, Romain and Operto, St\'ephane and Prieux, Vincent and Ribodetti, Alessandra and Virieux, Jean},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {R107-R124},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0203.1}
}

@article{igel1995,
  title = {Anisotropic Wave Propagation through Finite-Difference Grids},
  volume = {60},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Igel, Heiner and Mora, Peter and Riollet, Bruno},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {1203-1216},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{hudson1981,
  title = {The Use of the {{Born}} Approximation in Seismic Scattering Problems},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Hudson, JA and Heritage, JR},
  year = {1981},
  pages = {221-240},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@article{beylkin1990,
  title = {Linearized Inverse Scattering Problems in Acoustics and Elasticity},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Wave motion},
  author = {Beylkin, G and Burridge, R},
  year = {1990},
  pages = {15-52},
  publisher = {{Elsevier}}
}

@article{bohlen2002,
  title = {Parallel 3-{{D}} Viscoelastic Finite Difference Seismic Modelling},
  volume = {28},
  number = {8},
  journal = {Computers \& Geosciences},
  author = {Bohlen, Thomas},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {887-899},
  publisher = {{Elsevier}}
}

@article{saenger2004,
  title = {Finite-Difference Modeling of Viscoelastic and Anisotropic Wave Propagation Using the Rotated Staggered Grid},
  volume = {69},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Saenger, Erik H and Bohlen, Thomas},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {583-591},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{virieux1986,
  title = {P-{{SV}} Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous Media: {{Velocity}}-Stress Finite-Difference Method},
  volume = {51},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Virieux, Jean},
  year = {1986},
  pages = {889-901},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{kohn2015,
  title = {Waveform Inversion in Triclinic Anisotropic Media\textemdash{}a Resolution Study},
  volume = {201},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {K\"ohn, D and Hellwig, O and De Nil, D and Rabbel, W},
  year = {2015},
  pages = {1642-1656},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@article{kamath2016,
  title = {Elastic Full-Waveform Inversion for {{VTI}} Media: {{Methodology}} and Sensitivity Analysis},
  volume = {81},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2014-0586.1},
  number = {2},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Kamath, Nishant and Tsvankin, Ilya},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {C53-C68},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0586.1}
}

@incollection{kazei2015seg,
  title = {{{FWI}} Spectral Sensitivity Analysis in the Presence of a Free Surface},
  booktitle = {{{SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts}} 2015},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}},
  author = {Kazei, VV and Kashtan, BM and Troyan, VN and Mulder, WA},
  year = {2015},
  pages = {1415-1419}
}

@article{calvet2006,
  title = {P-Wave Propagation in Transversely Isotropic Media: {{I}}. {{Finite}}-Frequency Theory},
  volume = {156},
  issn = {0031-9201},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2006.01.004},
  number = {1\textendash{}2},
  journal = {Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors},
  author = {Calvet, Marie and Chevrot, S\'ebastien and Souriau, Annie},
  year = {2006},
  keywords = {Fréchet derivatives},
  pages = {12-20}
}

@book{cerveny2005,
  title = {Seismic Ray Theory},
  publisher = {{Cambridge university press}},
  author = {Cerveny, Vlastislav},
  year = {2005}
}

@article{kiya2004,
  title = {Anisotropic Migration Weight for Amplitude-Preserving Migration and Sensitivity Analysis},
  volume = {157},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02242.x},
  abstract = {An amplitude-preserving anisotropic migration formula is derived in this paper. The migration is viewed as a weighted diffraction stack and the migration weights are estimated with the stationary phase theorem. To obtain a formula easy to implement, the weights are written in terms of quantities computable along the rays. A sensitivity analysis is then carried out to show that, in the vertical transverse isotropic case, the amplitude-preserving migration is mainly governed by two parameters: the anisotropic NMO velocity and the parameter {$\eta$}. These parameters can be estimated from the data with a velocity (background) analysis. Therefore, it is possible to use this amplitude-preserving anisotropic migration to recover the correct amplitudes versus offset or azimuth in the migrated image.},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Kiyashchenko, D. and Kashtan, B. and Plessix, R.-E.},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {753-763},
  eprint = {http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/content/157/2/753.full.pdf+html}
}

@article{podgornova2016,
  title = {Anisotropic Elastic Full-waveform Inversion of Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profiling Data from the {{Arabian Gulf}}},
  volume = {64},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2478.12227},
  abstract = {Borehole seismic addresses the need for high-resolution images and elastic parameters of the subsurface. Full-waveform inversion of vertical seismic profile data is a promising technology with the potential to recover quantitative information about elastic properties of the medium. Full-waveform inversion has the capability to process the entire wavefield and to address the wave propagation effects contained in the borehole data\textemdash{}multi-component measurements; anisotropic effects; compressional and shear waves; and transmitted, converted, and reflected waves and multiples. Full-waveform inversion, therefore, has the potential to provide a more accurate result compared with conventional processing methods. We present a feasibility study with results of the application of high-frequency (up to 60 Hz) anisotropic elastic full-waveform inversion to a walkaway vertical seismic profile data from the Arabian Gulf. Full-waveform inversion has reproduced the majority of the wave events and recovered a geologically plausible layered model with physically meaningful values of the medium.},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {Owusu, John C and Podgornova, Olga and Charara, Marwan and Leaney, Scott and Campbell, Allan and Ali, Shujaat and Borodin, Igor and Nutt, Les and Menkiti, Henry},
  month = jan,
  year = {2016},
  pages = {38-53},
  publisher = {{Wiley Online Library}}
}

@article{gholami20131,
  title = {Which Parameterization Is Suitable for Acoustic Vertical Transverse Isotropic Full Waveform Inversion? {{Part}} 1: {{Sensitivity}} and Trade-off Analysis},
  volume = {78},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2012-0204.1},
  number = {2},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICS},
  author = {Gholami, Yaser and Brossier, Romain and Operto, St\'ephane and Ribodetti, Alessandra and Virieux, Jean},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {R81-R105},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0204.1}
}

@inproceedings{tore2015,
  title = {The Influence of Anisotropy on Elastic Full-Waveform Inversion},
  booktitle = {2015 {{SEG Annual Meeting}}},
  author = {Bergslid, Tore S and Birger Raknes, Espen and Arntsen, B\o{}rge and others},
  year = {2015},
  organization = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@incollection{snieder2002,
  address = {London},
  title = {Chapter 1.7.1 - {{General Theory}} of {{Elastic Wave Scattering}}},
  isbn = {978-0-12-613760-6},
  abstract = {Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basic elements of elastodynamic wave scattering theory. It is based on two foundations continuum mechanics of elastic media and the general principles of scattering theory. There is a wide body of literature on elastodynamic wave scattering. A comprehensive overview of scattering of acoustic, electromagnetic, and elastic waves are presented in a unified way. The propagation of elastic waves forms the foundation of seismology. An outline is given on the principles of elasticity that are relevant for elastic wave scattering. In elasticity theory, the Green's function gives the displacement generated by a point force in a certain direction. Since both the point force and the displacement are vectors with three components, the Green's function is a 3 x 3 tensor. To describe scattering, it is necessary to define a reference medium in which an unperturbed wave propagates and a perturbation of the medium that acts as a secondary source generates scattered waves. For this reason, the elasticity tensor c is divided into a reference tensor c(0) and a perturbation c(1).},
  booktitle = {Scattering},
  publisher = {{Academic Press}},
  author = {Snieder, Roel},
  editor = {Pike, Roy and Sabatier, Pierre},
  year = {2002},
  pages = {528-542},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-012613760-6/50027-9}
}

@article{warner2013,
  title = {Anisotropic {{3D}} Full-Waveform Inversion},
  volume = {78},
  issn = {0016-8033},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2012-0338.1},
  abstract = {We have developed and implemented a robust and practical scheme for anisotropic 3D acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI). We demonstrate this scheme on a field data set, applying it to a 4C ocean-bottom survey over the Tommeliten Alpha field in the North Sea. This shallow-water data set provides good azimuthal coverage to offsets of 7~km, with reduced coverage to a maximum offset of about 11~km. The reservoir lies at the crest of a high-velocity antiformal chalk section, overlain by about 3000~m of clastics within which a low-velocity gas cloud produces a seismic obscured area. We inverted only the hydrophone data, and we retained free-surface multiples and ghosts within the field data. We invert in six narrow frequency bands, in the range 3 to 6.5~Hz. At each iteration, we selected only a subset of sources, using a different subset at each iteration; this strategy is more efficient than inverting all the data every iteration. Our starting velocity model was obtained using standard PSDM model building including anisotropic reflection tomography, and contained epsilon values as high as 20\%. The final FWI velocity model shows a network of shallow high-velocity channels that match similar features in the reflection data. Deeper in the section, the FWI velocity model reveals a sharper and more-intense low-velocity region associated with the gas cloud in which low-velocity fingers match the location of gas-filled faults visible in the reflection data. The resulting velocity model provides a better match to well logs, and better flattens common-image gathers, than does the starting model. Reverse-time migration, using the FWI velocity model, provides significant uplift to the migrated image, simplifying the planform of the reservoir section at depth. The workflows, inversion strategy, and algorithms that we have used have broad application to invert a wide-range of analogous data sets.},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Warner, Michael and Ratcliffe, Andrew and Nangoo, Tenice and Morgan, Joanna and Umpleby, Adrian and Shah, Nikhil and Vinje, Vetle and Stekl, Ivan and Guasch, Llu\'is and Win, Caroline and Conroy, Graham and Bertrand, Alexandre},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {R59-R80},
  eprint = {http://geophysics.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/2/R59.full.pdf},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{alkhalifah2014,
  title = {A Recipe for Practical Full-Waveform Inversion in Anisotropic Media: {{An}} Analytical Parameter Resolution Study},
  volume = {79},
  doi = {10.1190/geo2013-0366.1},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Alkhalifah, Tariq and Plessix, Rene-Edouard},
  year = {2014},
  pages = {R91-R101},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0366.1}
}

@book{menke2012,
  title = {Geophysical Data Analysis: {{Discrete}} Inverse Theory},
  volume = {45},
  publisher = {{Academic press}},
  author = {Menke, William},
  year = {2012}
}

@article{grechka1999,
  title = {3-{{D}} Moveout Velocity Analysis and Parameter Estimation for Orthorhombic Media},
  volume = {64},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Grechka, Vladimir and Tsvankin, Ilya},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {820-837},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{plessix2016,
  title = {Analysis of Different Parameterisations of Waveform Inversion of Compressional Body Waves in an Elastic Transverse Isotropic {{Earth}} with a Vertical Axis of Symmetry},
  issn = {1365-2478},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2478.12452},
  journal = {Geophysical Prospecting},
  author = {He, Weiguang and Plessix, Ren\'e-\'Edouard},
  year = {2016},
  keywords = {Full-waveform inversion,Anisotropy,Radiation pattern},
  pages = {n/a-n/a}
}

@article{masmoudi2016,
  title = {A New Parameterization for Waveform Inversion in Acoustic Orthorhombic Media},
  volume = {81},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Masmoudi, Nabil and Alkhalifah, Tariq},
  year = {2016},
  pages = {R157-R171},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@inproceedings{kazei2017,
  title = {On the {{Resolution}} of {{Inversion}} for {{Orthorhombic Anisotropy}}},
  booktitle = {79th {{EAGE Conference}} and {{Exhibition}} 2017},
  author = {Kazei, VV and Alkhalifah, T},
  year = {2017}
}

@article{liu2006,
  title = {Finite-Frequency Kernels Based on Adjoint Methods},
  volume = {96},
  number = {6},
  journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
  author = {Liu, Qinya and Tromp, Jeroen},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {2383-2397},
  publisher = {{Seismological Society of America}}
}

@article{long2010mantle,
  title = {Mantle Dynamics and Seismic Anisotropy},
  volume = {297},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  author = {Long, Maureen D and Becker, Thorsten W},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {341-354},
  publisher = {{Elsevier}}
}

@article{tromp1993support,
  title = {Support for Anisotropy of the {{Earth}}'s Inner Core from Free Oscillations},
  volume = {366},
  number = {6456},
  journal = {Nature},
  author = {Tromp, Jeroen},
  year = {1993},
  pages = {678-681}
}

@article{gao2006upper,
  title = {Upper Mantle Seismic Structure beneath Eastern {{Mexico}} Determined from {{P}} and {{S}} Waveform Inversion and Its Implications},
  volume = {111},
  number = {B8},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
  author = {Gao, Wei and Matzel, Eric and Grand, Stephen P},
  year = {2006},
  publisher = {{Wiley Online Library}}
}

@article{zhu2017,
  title = {Radial Anisotropy of the {{North American}} Upper Mantle Based on Adjoint Tomography with {{USArray}}},
  volume = {211},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
  author = {Zhu, Hejun and Komatitsch, Dimitri and Tromp, Jeroen},
  year = {2017},
  pages = {349-377},
  publisher = {{Oxford University Press}}
}

@article{simons2009potential,
  title = {On the Potential of Recording Earthquakes for Global Seismic Tomography by Low-Cost Autonomous Instruments in the Oceans},
  volume = {114},
  number = {B5},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
  author = {Simons, Frederik J and Nolet, Guust and Georgief, Paul and Babcock, Jeff M and Regier, Lloyd A and Davis, Russ E},
  year = {2009},
  publisher = {{Wiley Online Library}}
}

@article{sukhovich2015seismic,
  title = {Seismic Monitoring in the Oceans by Autonomous Floats},
  volume = {6},
  journal = {Nature communications},
  author = {Sukhovich, Alexey and Bonnieux, S\'ebastien and Hello, Yann and Irisson, Jean-Olivier and Simons, Frederik J and Nolet, Guust},
  year = {2015},
  publisher = {{Nature Research}}
}

@article{alkhalifah2000,
  title = {An Acoustic Wave Equation for Anisotropic Media},
  volume = {65},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Geophysics},
  author = {Alkhalifah, Tariq},
  year = {2000},
  pages = {1239-1250},
  publisher = {{Society of Exploration Geophysicists}}
}

@article{thomsen1986,
  title = {Weak Elastic Anisotropy},
  volume = {51},
  doi = {10.1190/1.1442051},
  number

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repo_name: vkazei/deeplogs