text:
{2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544316},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544316},
abstract = {This panel will discuss alternatives for follow-on Federal program activities to the Interagency Digital Libraries Initiative - Phase 2 (DLI-2). The current Digital Libraries Initiative - Phase 2 awards receive final funding increments in FY 2003. The National Science Foundation and other interested agencies wish to begin informal planning for potential follow-on activities to DLI-2 at this time. As in the past, sponsoring agencies look to the various stakeholder communities to assist in the creation of funding programs that are responsive to values, needs and opportunities.Panelists will present viewpoints as to the most important topical elements and effective program structures in light of the continuing rapid evolution of digital libraries technologies, computing and communication infrastructures and dramatic increase in networked digital content. Audience remarks will be encouraged, particularly suggestions for enabling broad community involvement in the planning dialogue.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {370},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544318,
author = {Bia, Alejandro},
title = {The Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library: A Wide Diversity of Content, Media, Functionality and Services},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544318},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544318},
abstract = {This demo describes the philosophy behind what represents one of the most ambitious projects of its kind in the Spanish-speaking world: The Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library (http://cervantesvirtual.com/). It shows the new ground being explored in terms of the wide variety of contents, media, functionality and services it offers to a worldwide audience. These services are meant to be used in serious research, as teaching aids, or just for cultural amusement and enjoyment.We will also describe the technical underpinnings of this project reporting also ongoing research and development activities.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {371},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544319,
author = {Branschofsky, Margret and Chudnov, Daniel},
title = {DSpace: Durable Digital Documents},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544319},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544319},
abstract = {The DSpace system for long-term management of institutional scholarly research repositories is now in use at the MIT Libraries; we will demonstrate the system and provide more information about its design, use at MIT, and other potential uses.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {372},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {long-term preservation, digital provenance, OAIS, rights management, scholarly communications},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544320,
author = {Chau, Michael and Chen, Hsinchun and Qin, Jialun and Zhou, Yilu and Sung, Wai-Ki and Chen, Yongchi and Qin, Yi and McDonald, Daniel and Lally, Ann and Landon, Matthew},
title = {NanoPort: A Web Portal for Nanoscale Science and Technology},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544320},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544320},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {373},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {self-organizing map, vertical search engine, summarization, web search engine, indexing, information retrieval, internet searching and browsing, internet spider, noun-phrasing, personalization, post-retrieval analysis},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544321,
author = {Dunn, Jon W. and Isaacson, Eric J.},
title = {Variations2: A Digital Music Library System},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544321},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544321},
abstract = {This demonstration will show version 1.0 of the Variations2 digital library system developed by Indiana University. Variations2 is being built to provide access to music in a variety of formats-sound recordings, scanned musical scores, computer score notation files, and video-and is designed to support research and learning in the field of music.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {374},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {digital library systems, music digital libraries, music instruction, music learning},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544322,
author = {Greer, Lyndsay R.},
title = {The Learning Matrix: Cataloging Resources with Rich Metadata},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544322},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544322},
abstract = {Effective searching of a digital library requires that the library keep rich metadata about each of its resources. Entering complex metadata efficiently, accurately, and consistently can be confusing and time consuming. A demonstration of the Learning Matrix's Cataloging Tool, a web-based solution for creating metadata while uploading resources to the digital library, will be presented.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {375},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {metadata creation, metadata, cataloging, digital libraries},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544323,
author = {Hauptmann, Alexander G. and Christel, Michael G. and Papernick, Norman D.},
title = {Video Retrieval with Multiple Image Search Strategies},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544323},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544323},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {376},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {image search, video information retrieval, video library},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544324,
author = {Heidorn, P. Bryan},
title = {Reprocessing Paper-Based Reference Materials for the Digital Environment},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544324},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544324},
abstract = {One of the primary challenges for the creation of digital libraries is to enhance the value of paper-based publications by providing digital access to the materials. Simple full-text searching is just a first step in this process. Better functionality may be gained by exploiting the natural structure within text. The following paper describes the process of digital conversion and integration of encyclopedic publications, glossaries and thesauri. The Biological Information Browsing (http://www.biobrowser.org) team developed text-processing tools, and an information retrieval and visualization environment that provides greater functionality for these traditionally paper-based publications [1]. The process includes automatic text segmentation and structuring, automated XML markup, structure-based indexing, automatic thesaurus extraction for query expansion and on-line definitions. Very few other information systems provide complete services for publishing, indexing, XML query and retrieving documents.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {377},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {indexing, electronic publishing, structured text, information retrieval, XML},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544325,
author = {Herlocker, Jon and Webster, Janet and Jung, Seikyung and Dragunov, Anton and Holt, Tim and Culter, Tammy and Haerer, Sally},
title = {A Framework for Collaborative Information Environments and Unified Access to Distributed Digital Content},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544325},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544325},
abstract = {In this demo, we will present two prototypes of digital information portals developed using a new common framework: The High Performance Computing Virtual Consultant and the Tsunami Digital Library. This framework supports the creation of digital library portals that include not only local data but distributed content that is not under the control of the portal maintainers, such as remote web sites. The framework provides a common user interface across all resources, even if the resources are served by a remote web site. Furthermore, the framework contains features that support effective low maintenance operation and intelligent learning search and layout algorithms.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {378},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {distributed data, usability, personalization, web portals, collaborative filtering, digital libraries},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544326,
author = {Moore, Shirley and Baker, A. J. and Dongarra, Jack},
title = {Active Netlib: An Active Mathematical Software Collection for Inquiry-Based Computational Science & Engineering Education},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544326},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544326},
abstract = {A core subject in the undergraduate education of application scientists and engineers is the use of mathematical software to solve computational problems. To make effective use of mathematical software, application developers need a basic understanding of the underlying numerical methods and enough knowledge to be able to choose an appropriate solver, parameterize it correctly, and validate the computed results. Correct results are of course required, but good computational performance is desired as well. Most application scientists have neither the time nor the interest to read the current literature in numerical analysis. They solve numerical problems by relying on the methods and programs they learned about in previous coursework. This tendency has the unfortunate consequence that new methods with improved functionality and/or efficiency may go unused by practicing engineers. Application engineers need enough understanding of the underlying numerical methods to be able to detect and diagnose problems that occur and to modify or customize the methods if necessary.A large amount of mathematical software is both commercially and freely available. However, not all the software that is available is of high quality. It can also be difficult to locate the appropriate software by using web search engines, since the descriptions available for searching may be lacking or may not match the vocabulary used by the searcher. A good solution to these problems is to have experts in the field of numerical analysis maintain a moderated collection of high quality software which is organized and cataloged with appropriate metadata to enable easy searching. The Netlib mathematical software repository is such a collection that has been contributed to and managed by the numerical analysis community for the past fifteen years.Active Netlib provides an active collection of high-quality mathematical software resources in the context of an inquiry-based learning environment for computational science and engineering education. The Netlib collection is being extended in a number of ways to support the goals of this project. The NetSolve client-server system for accessing hardware and software resources over a network provides an active interface to the contents of Netlib. NetSolve essentially constructs network-accessible objects with executable content from the software packages in Netlib.By making the subroutines housed in Netlib available over the network on computational servers, NetSolve enables access to up-to-date mathematical software from a variety of client interfaces running on users' workstations, without requiring the users to download and install the software themselves.This demonstration will illustrate the following digital library technology:Searching and browsing the active mathematical software collection using the Repository In a Box (RIB) interface; once relevant software is located, it can be dynamically installed on demand on a computational server.Invoking executable content on NetSolve computational servers from the MATLAB client interfaceUse of an interactive adaptive user interface to guiding the user in learning about iterative methods for solving large sparse linear systemsFor more information, see the Active-Netlib home page at http://icl.cs.utk.edu/active-netlib/.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {379},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {education, engineering, software reuse, numerical analysis, linear algebra, numerical methods, interactive interfaces, computational science, mathematical software, computational servers, solvers, learning environments, computational problems},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544327,
author = {Nodelman, Uri and Allen, Colin and Zalta, Edward N.},
title = {Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: A Dynamic Reference Work},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544327},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544327},
abstract = {The Recent work of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
project http://plato.stanford.edu/ has been focused on fostering
and managing the growth of a dynamic reference work. Our particular
project is to produce an authoritative and comprehensive dynamic
reference work devoted to the academic discipline of philosophy
that will be kept up to date dynamically so as to remain
useful to those in academia and the general public.Our concept of a dynamic reference work is defined in a
way which distinguishes it from other online publishing projects,
namely: (1) it is published in a continuously revisable electronic
medium, (2) it offers a comprehensive set of entries on topics in a
target discipline, (3) it provides the authors of the entries
with electronic access to the reference work's central web
server, so that they can remotely edit and update private copies of
their entries and submit them for publication according to a
regular update schedule and at any other time it becomes necessary
to revise, (4) it maintains quality by way of a distinguished Board
of Editors, the members of which commission the entries and referee
both the initial versions of the entries and subsequent substantive
modifications, prior to publication on the web, and (5) it
creates, and makes publicly available, archives of the entries on
at least a quarterly basis (i.e., these contain fixed versions of
the entries, which can be cited in scholarly publications). A
dynamic reference work based on this model constantly evolves and
becomes responsive to new research.Thus, a dynamic reference work is not merely a revisable work or
one that is published online. Successful implementation of the
dynamic aspects of this definition depend upon the ease with which
the authors, subject editors, and the principal editor have access
to the tools and information that allow entries at all stages of
the work flow to be managed asynchronously. In such an environment,
each entry has its own deadlines and it is necessary to track
electronically the location of every entry in the work flow and
provide automated reminders to individuals with work pending.Over the past two years, the number of authors attached to our
project has grown considerably -- from about 350 to 600. As a
result, the number of entries which are being submitted, reviewed,
published, and updated at any given moment has grown rapidly. In
the past year, the average rate at which we publish new entries
rose from approximately 2 entries per month to 10 entries per
month.In this context of rapid development, our work on managing and
fostering growth means: (1) working to insure that the asynchronous
publication schedule for the entries is met even though there is no
pre-determined publication date, (2) working to enable a small
support staff on a small budget (compared to traditional reference
work publishing) to manage the project in the face of rapid growth,
and (3) working to help our users more quickly access and navigate
the growing reference work as more entries become available.We will demonstrate how our password-protected web interfaces,
back-end processing system, and new front-end features, work
together to facilitate the collaborative effort of creating and
managing the dynamic reference work. We will highlight the newest
parts of the system which are centered on growth. These include:
(1) enhanced automation of email reminders that is sensitive to
author and board member responsiveness and (2) an automated
link-rot detection and notification system. Also, new and improved
ways to navigate the encyclopedia including: (1) an automated
dynamic re-cross-referencing system which enables users to more
easily navigate the encyclopedia thematically, (2) a dynamically
generated "What's New" page that summarizes the changes for updated
entries, and (3) a system which allows users to view the changes in
the updated versions of entries.When compared to other online publishing efforts of similar
scale, we face some unique technical challenges. For example, most
serial publications do not require re-cross-referencing of their
documents as new articles are published. People who want to
navigate thematically do so through searches which can return
irrelevant results that are easily ignored. Because our documents
contain links to the related entries, we must maintain those links
properly -- lest the irrelevant links become part of the document
itself.A more in-depth discussion of the concept of a dynamic reference
work, our implementation of it, and a discussion of the current
state and future of our project is available in our recent paper 'The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: A Developed Dynamic
Reference Work', by the present authors, forthcoming
Metaphilosophy --- available at the URL:
http://plato.stanford.edu/sep.pdf.Technical specifications are available at the URL:
http://plato.stanford.edu/NSF/project-description.pdf This research
is supported by NSF grant #IIS-9981549.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {380},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544328,
author = {Plutchak, Joel and Futrelle, Joe and Gaynor, Jeff},
title = {Selected Component Technologies in Digital Libraries},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544328},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544328},
abstract = {The demonstration will illustrate digital library component technologies joined together to provide solutions to common data mining, parsing, and archiving problems.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {381},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {components, digital libraries},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544329,
author = {Rowe, Jeremy and Razdan, Anshuman},
title = {Digital Library System: Capture, Analysis, Query, and Display 3D Data},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544329},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544329},
abstract = {This paper describes development of a storage, archival, and sketch-based query and retrieval system for 3D objects. The initial focus has been Native American ceramic vessels, scanned and defined as a set of three-dimensional triangulated meshes composed of points and triangles. The process involves modeling the data with parametric surfaces, and extracting relevant features to raise the level of abstraction of data. The project uses a class based XML schema to catalog and organize vessel data. A visual query process was developed to permit users to interact with the data using sketches or by selecting sample vessel shapes to augment text and metric search criteria to retrieve original and modeled data, and interactive 2D and 3D models.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {382},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {image databases, scientific visualization, WWW applications, geometric modeling, physically based modeling, shape recognition, information visualization, digital library},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544330,
author = {Spoerri, Anselm},
title = {Souvenir: Flexible Note-Taking Tool to Pinpoint and Share Media in Digital Libraries},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544330},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544330},
abstract = {Digital media audio/video can be difficult to search and share in a personal way. Souvenir is a software system that offers users a flexible and comprehensive way to use their handwritten or text notes to retrieve and share specific media moments. Users can take notes on a variety of devices, such as the paper-based CrossPad, the Palm Pilot and standard keyboard devices. Souvenir segments handwritten notes into an effective media index without the need for handwriting recognition. Users can use their notes to create hyperlinks to random-access media stored in a digital library. Souvenir also has web publishing and email capabilities to enable anyone to access or email media moments directly from a web page. Souvenir annotations capture information that can not be easily inferred by automatic media indexing tools.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {383},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {digital libraries, note-taking, audio/video indexing, digital ink, personalization, multimedia annotation, pen-based input, commentary, streaming media},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544331,
author = {Tudhope, Douglas and Binding, Ceri and Blocks, Dorothee and Cunliffe, Daniel},
title = {FACET: Thesaurus Retrieval with Semantic Term Expansion},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544331},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544331},
abstract = {There are many advantages for Digital Libraries in indexing with classifications or thesauri, but some current disincentive in the lack of flexible retrieval tools that deal with compound descriptors. This demonstration of a research prototype illustrates a matching function for compound descriptors, or multi-concept subject headings, that does not rely on exact matching but incorporates term expansion via thesaurus semantic relationships to produce ranked results that take account of missing and partially matching terms [5]. The matching function is based on a measure of semantic closeness between terms [4].The work is part of the EPSRC funded FACET project [2] in collaboration with the UK National Museum of Science and Industry (NMSI) which includes the National Railway Museum [3]. An export of NMSI's Collections Database is used as the dataset for the research. The J. Paul Getty Trust's Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) [1] is the main thesaurus in the project. The AAT is a widely used thesaurus (over 120,000 terms). Descriptors are organised in 7 facets representing separate conceptual classes of terms.The FACET application is a multi tiered architecture accessing a SQL Server database, with an OLE DB connection. The thesauri are stored as relational tables in the Server's database. However, a key component of the system is a parallel representation of the underlying semantic network as an in-memory structure of thesaurus concepts (corresponding to preferred terms). The structure models the hierarchical and associative interrelationships of thesaurus concepts via weighted poly-hierarchical links. Its primary purpose is real-time semantic expansion of query terms, achieved by a spreading activation semantic closeness algorithm. Queries with associated results are stored persistently using XML format data. A Visual Basic interface combines a thesaurus browser and an initial term search facility that takes into account equivalence relationships. Terms are dragged to a direct manipulation Query Builder which maintains the facet structure.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {384},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544332,
author = {Zhu, Bin and Chen, Hsinchun},
title = {Visualizing the Archive of a Computer Mediated Communication Process},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544332},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544332},
abstract = {The archive of computer-mediated communication (CMC) process contains knowledge shared and information about participants' behavior patterns. However, most CMC systems focus only on organizing the content of discussions. We propose to demo a prototype system that integrates a social visualization technique with existing information analysis technologies to graphically summarize both the content and behavior of a CMC process.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {385},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {visualization, user interface, human/computer interaction},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544333,
author = {Zhu, Bin and Leroy, Gondy and Chen, Hsinchun and Chen, Yongchi},
title = {MedTextus: An Intelligent Web-Based Medical Meta-Search System},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544333},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544333},
abstract = {We propose to demonstrate a web-based prototype system that integrates the meta-search approach with existing information analysis and visualization technologies to facilitate concept-based searching behavior over the medical domain. The system distinguishes itself from other meta-search engines through two features. It incorporates the co-occurrence analysis and existing ontology to understand user's query. It also utilizes the self-organizing map (SOM) to categorize and visualize search results.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {386},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {categorization, meta search, concept space, visualization},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544334,
author = {Keon, Dylan and Pancake, Cherri and Wright, Dawn},
title = {Virtual Oregon: Seamless Access to Distributed Environmental Information},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544334},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544334},
abstract = {Virtual Oregon is a new data coordination center established at Oregon State University (OSU) in order to: (1) archive environmental and other place-based data on Oregon and associated areas; (2) make those data accessible to a broad spectrum of agencies and individuals via innovative web interfaces; (3) identify key data sets that are not yet available and encourage their collection and dissemination; and (4) facilitate development of statewide standards for archiving, documenting, and disseminating data. Rather than co-locating researchers and data in a physical center, Virtual Oregon employs a distributed architecture that occupies multiple locations while users are presented with the illusion of a single, centralized facility. This approach was selected not just to maximize the impact on campus students, faculty, and staff but also toservice broader interactions with extension agents and other members of OSU's statewide community.Virtual Oregon builds on regional GIS centers and databanks in a wide range of disciplines, providing decades of research data on topics as varied as climate, biodiversity, land ownership, water quality, wildfire, and agricultural production. Our proximity to agencies such as the Oregon Climate Service, Oregon Natural Heritage Program, Oregon Flora Project, OSU Herbarium, EPA, and Forest Service adds breadth to data type and availability. Designed as a distributed architecture, Virtual Oregon has four nodes, each of which serves as a center and clearinghouse for distinct types of information and services: Department of Geosciences (College of Science): geospatial coverages, digital aerial and orthoimagery and associated base dataForestry Sciences Laboratory (USDA Forest Service and College of Forestry): ecological and resource management databases; data analyses; data from computational simulationsNorthwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering (NACSE): databases based on specimen collections, field observation, images, or analysis of historical documents; user interface designValley Library: published maps, books and archival publications, gray literature, photographs and video.Data are harvested from a variety of individuals and research centers and maintained in the distributed nodes using enterprise RDBMS products (Oracle, Sybase, and Microsoft SQL Server) residing on UNIX and Windows platforms. Query Markup Language (QML, a middleware product developed at NACSE) supports database-to-Web interactions by transparently performing queries across multiple RDBMSs and displaying the results as though from a single source. Web-based mapping interfaces (powered by ESRI's Internet Map Server and Spatial Database Engine products) can also be used to explore data visually.As the demonstration will show, users currently have the option of beginning with either the "thematic" or "place-based" interfaces. Ultimately, users will be able to move freely back and forth between the two paradigms, for example initially narrowing the scope of inquiry based on discipline or attributes, moving to the visual interface to refine the search based on location or some set of geospatial characteristics, then moving back to query-based exploration to delve to fine levels of detail. Usability engineering methodologies are being applied so that all navigation and query mechanisms are both maximally productive and easily learned by novices.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {387},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {map servers, web GIS, data coordination, data access, distributed computing, distributed databases},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544336,
author = {Chen, Su-Shing and Choo, Chee-Yoong},
title = {A DL Server with OAI Capabilities: LOVE},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544336},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544336},
abstract = {We describe integrating OAI (Open Archives Initiative) and DL (Digital Library) capabilities in the integrated prototype DL server: LOVE (Learning Object Virtual Exchange).},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {388},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544337,
author = {Christel, Michael G. and Cubilo, Pedro and Gunaratne, Junius and Jerome, William and O, Eun-Ju and Solanki, Sohini},
title = {Evaluating a Digital Video Library Web Interface},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544337},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544337},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {389},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {digital video library, surrogate, usability methods},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544338,
author = {Efthimiadis, Efthimis N. and Mai, Jens-Erik},
title = {Puget Sound's MARS (Media Asset Retrieval Systems) Digital Library},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544338},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544338},
abstract = {The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and public broadcasters consider Media Asset Management (MAM) of critical importance since without a concerted and cooperative plan to manage their vast library of content, broadcasters are unable to reach their potential for service in the digital age.The concerns for Media Asset Management, which are the Digital Libraries for broadcasters, human and technical, are myriad. Media Asset Management is the framework upon which many of the largest technology projects will be built, including the future interconnection system between and among CPB member stations. It is CPB's hope that its licensees and their partners in university, museum, and library communities, will work together to contribute to Media Asset Management solutions.This poster will present some of the complex issues around Media Asset Management and possible solutions to the problems as well as show the breath of research projects in the area. The issues include metadata, indexing, controlled vocabularies, storage and access methods, rights management, technological infrastructure requirements, and interoperability.To highlight these issues we will use as an example the Media Asset Retrieval System (MARS) project. The goal of this project is to create a model for representing, organizing, storing, and facilitating access to public audio (radio) and audiovisual (television) broadcast material via the Internet. The immediate goal for MARS is to produce a digital online resource that will provide access to material produced by public broadcasters in the Puget Sound Region (KUOW and KCTS). The material will be made available to students, teachers, media, and the general public through the King County Library System and Seattle Public Library System. The mission of the Convergence Consortium guides the MARS project. The Convergence Consortium is a working collaborative between public broadcasters, public libraries, K-12 schools and the Information School of the University of Washington that meet to assess the needs of their constituents and propose solutions that will be developed to meet those need.The MARS project is funded by a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting Television Future Fund and it falls within the context of major decisions about Media Asset Management in public broadcasting. It is the intent that the MARS project will produce a reference document that will help public broadcast stations make decisions about media asset management as it relates to audio and audiovisual access as a community resource.The MARS team will analyze the current systems and their contexts and design a digital library system for the KUOW and KCTS broadcasters that will facilitate access to the broadcast material. The digital library will support advanced knowledge organization techniques and search algorithms to facilitate retrieval of the broadcast material. The MARS project ties together some of the critical issues in Digital Libraries and approaches these problems from a user-centered perspective.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {390},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {metadata, media asset management (MAM), access to broadcasts, corporation for public broadcasting (CPB), video, audio},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544339,
author = {Farrell, James and Holz, Hilary J.},
title = {Enki: Open Infrastructure for Adaptive Digital Libraries},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544339},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544339},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {391},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544340,
author = {Feldgen, Mar\'{\i}a and Cl\'{u}a, Osvaldo and Boro, Fernando and Santos, Juan Jos\'{e}},
title = {Argentinean Historical Heritage Project},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544340},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544340},
abstract = {The digitalization effort of the Argentinean Heritage Project is described from its beginning, up to its present day form, as a framework of automatized, Web [1] operated and platform independent tools to assist historians to build and maintain digital libraries suited to their research needs. We show how low cost, labor intensive digital library building is possible using standard formats and tools.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {392},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {web enabled technology, digital preservation, archiving, XML},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544341,
author = {Ferman, A. Mufit and Errico, James H. and Beek, Peter van and Sezan, M. Ibrahim},
title = {Content-Based Filtering and Personalization Using Structured Metadata},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544341},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544341},
abstract = {Structured descriptions of multimedia content and automatically generated user profiles are used to filter content.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {393},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {personalization, multimedia content, XML, MPEG-7, user profile, recommendation},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544342,
author = {Goh, Dion Hoe-Lian and Foo, Schubert Shou-Boon},
title = {Developing a Digital Library of Reusable Historical Artifacts},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544342},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544342},
abstract = {This paper discusses the design and implementation of a digital library of historical artifacts. A major goal of the project is to create an architecture in which artifacts are reusable across various digital library applications. Two such applications have been developed and are described: a virtual exhibition system and a reference helpdesk.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {394},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {digital library applications, archives, reusable artifacts},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544343,
author = {Haveliwala, Taher H.},
title = {Search Facilities for Internet Relay Chat},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544343},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544343},
abstract = {The Internet encompasses a diverse array of information sources that have been indexed for efficient search, including the Web, Usenet, and email (both personal mail and specialized mailing lists). One information source, publicly accessible over the Internet, yet unarchived and unindexed, is the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) system. We are archiving several of the more useful technical-support-oriented IRC channels, with the goal of extracting, archiving, and indexing information that would help satisfy users' information needs.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {395},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {text segmentation, internet relay chat, indexing, IRC},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544344,
author = {Hern\'{a}ndez, Naybell and Hert, Carol A. and Armstrong, Kristen},
title = {User Uncertainties with Tabular Statistical Data: Identification and Resolution},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544344},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544344},
abstract = {United States government services are becoming increasingly Web-based, creating opportunities to make useful, even vital, information and services more accessible to citizens than in the past. This opportunity has challenged Federal agencies as they work to provide information and services that are easy to use and understandable to an extremely diverse constituency. This paper reports the findings of a study examining the questions and uncertainties of users during investigation of statistical tables. The questions and uncertainties are categorized, mapped to an XML DTD for use in a table-browsing system. Implications of the approach and results are discussed.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {396},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {metadata, user uncertainties, tabular data mapping},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544345,
author = {Howard, Ellen and Owens, Christine Wilson},
title = {Using the Internet to Communicate with Immigrant/Refugee Communities about Health},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544345},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544345},
abstract = {Our poster describes the use of the Web for communication between ethnic communities and their care providers.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {397},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {refugees, cross-cultural health care, immigrants},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544346,
author = {Madalli, Devika P.},
title = {Unicode for Multilingual Representation in Digital Libraries from the Indian Perspective},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544346},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544346},
abstract = {One of the main issues in digital data sharing is tackling multi-lingual resources. Paper presents the problems of representation of Indian languages on Internet. It covers the efforts so far undertaken for multilingual data representation in India. It examines the applicability and advantages of adopting Unicode.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {398},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {digital libraries, multilingual retrieval, indian languages, UNICODE implementation},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544347,
author = {Marincioni, Fausto and Lightsom, Frances},
title = {Marine Realms Information Bank: A Distributed Geolibrary for the Ocean},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544347},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544347},
abstract = {The Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) is a prototype web-based distributed geolibrary that organizes, indexes, and delivers online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. The improvement of computer power and connectivity of the 1990s, by enabling very fast exchange of data online, has shown that effective information management does not automatically result from quicker connection or large broadband. Millions of web sites have been setup to provide information on every subject, and various information-gathering systems have been developed to locate information online. Unfortunately, these search engines often produce exhaustive bibliographic lists that mix first-quality scientific knowledge with irrelevant materials. To be really useful, information banks require not only quality control but also classification systems that integrate and organize the information. In 1999 the National Research Council proposed the concept of distributed geolibraries, which are online digital libraries able to provide a simple mechanism for searching and retrieving information in response to topical and geographically defined needs. Distributed geolibraries are beneficial for various reasons, the most important of which is the authoritative role they would come to assume as subject gateways. To be referenced through a scientific geolibrary, information sources must meet quality standards set by the library gatekeeper. Another important benefit of a distributed geolibrary comes from its "distributed" attribute. Without the need to collect information in one physical location, local curators can serve and update online information without the requirement of maintaining consistency among multiple copies. The MRIB prototype implements the distributed geolibrary concept to organize, index, and deliver online information about the oceanic and coastal environments. MRIB provides access to information, but it is not an information repository. It incorporates information that exists in remote sources, without modifying formats or content. This system succeeds by building a central index that consists of Electronic Index Cards containing metadata about the information sources, their geographical areas, and their network locations. The ontology of MRIB is expressed in the classification system through which users can explore the available information. MRIB currently classifies information with 13 types of categories (facets): Location, Geologic Time, Features, Biota, Discipline, Scientific Method, Hot Topics, Project Name, Agency Name, Author, Class, Format, and Audience. Classifying information is not automatic but is performed by a librarian, which is both the major benefit and the major operating cost of MRIB. The significance of MRIB lies both in the utility of the information bank and in the implementation of the distributed geolibraries concept. Distributed information banks, such as MRIB, can be applied widely as unifying portals for extensive or rapidly developing information bases, for which a centralized repository would be impractical. In addition, MRIB has a modular structure that allows a classification system to be easily modified, to expedite the development and testing of suitable classification systems for existing information bases.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {399},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {public education and public discourse, coastal and marine environments, distributed geolibraries},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544348,
author = {McCarthy, Cavan and Cunha, Murilo Bastos da},
title = {Democratic Access to Information in a Rapidly Changing Society: The Case of Brazil},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544348},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544348},
abstract = {Identifies and characterizes the principal Brazilian digital library initiatives, which make available materials in two areas: Science and Research, and Literature and the Humanities.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {400},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {internet, Brazil, digital libraries},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544349,
author = {Moore, Shirley and Baker, A. J. and Dongarra, Jack},
title = {Active Netlib: An Active Mathematical Software Collection for Inquiry-Based Computational Science & Engineering Education},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544349},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544349},
abstract = {A core subject in the undergraduate education of application
scientists and engineers is the use of mathematical software to
solve computational problems. To make effective use of mathematical
software, application developers need a basic understanding of the
underlying numerical methods and enough knowledge to be able to
choose an appropriate solver, parameterize it correctly, and
validate the computed results. Correct results are of course
required, but good computational performance is desired as
well.Most application scientists have neither the time nor the
interest to read the current literature in numerical analysis. They
solve numerical problems by relying on the methods and programs
they learned about in previous coursework. This tendency has the
unfortunate consequence that new methods with improved
functionality and/or efficiency may go unused by practicing
engineers. Mathematical subroutine libraries can be highly complex.
Few application scientists understand how they really work, and the
usual practice is to treat the subroutines as "black boxes". A
black box is a piece of software that can be used without knowledge
of its inner working; the user supplies the input, and the output
is more or less assumed to be correct. However, there are a number
of pitfalls in numerical computation (e.g., roundoff error,
ill-conditioning, non-convergence). Application engineers need
enough understanding of the underlying numerical methods to be able
to detect and diagnose problems that occur and to modify or
customize the methods if necessary. This need is especially crucial
in the use of iterative methods to solve large sparse linear
systems, where the problem may need to be properly preconditioned
in order for convergence to occur and where the appropriate method
to employ depends on the nature of the problem being solved.A large amount of mathematical software is both commercially and
freely available. However, not all the software that is available
is of high quality. It can also be difficult to locate the
appropriate software by using web search engines, since the
descriptions available for searching may be lacking or may not
match the vocabulary used by the searcher. A good solution to these
problems is to have experts in the field of numerical analysis
maintain a moderated collection of high quality software which is
organized and cataloged with appropriate metadata to enable easy
searching.The Netlib mathematical software repository is such a collection
that has been contributed to and managed by the numerical analysis
community for the past fifteen years.To address the aforementioned problems, Active Netlib provides
an active collection of high-quality mathematical software
resources in the context of an inquiry-based learning environment
for computational science and engineering education. The Netlib
collection is being extended in a number of ways to support the
goals of this project. The NetSolve client-server system for
accessing hardware and software resources over a network provides
an active interface to the contents of Netlib. By making the
subroutines housed in Netlib available over the network on
computational servers, NetSolve enables access to up-to-date
mathematical software from a variety of client interfaces running
on users' workstations, without requiring the users to download and
install the software themselves. Use of NetSolve seamlessly
maintains the currency and usability of the content as the
underlying hardware, operating systems, and software evolve.
Furthermore, the NetSolve adaptive solver interface guides the user
in selecting appropriate software, in setting parameters correctly,
and in interpreting numerical results.The Netlib collection is being further extended through use of
the Repository in a Box (RIB) toolkit, which enables an individual
or organization to set up and maintain a repository that interacts
with other RIB repositories. RIB will allow the Netlib collection
to be selectively mirrored and contributed to by all project
participants.In summary, the goals of the Active Netlib project are the
following:For more information, see the Active-Netlib home page at
http://icl.cs.utk.edu/active-netlib/.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {401},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {computational science, computational problems, numerical analysis, learning environments, software reuse, computational servers, education, numerical methods, mathematical software, interactive interfaces, engineering, solvers, linear algebra},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544350,
author = {Plichta, Bartek and Robinson, David},
title = {Representing Pulaar Digitally},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544350},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544350},
abstract = {This paper outlines a methodology for digital representation and preservation of Pulaar language data.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {402},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {long-term language preservation, pulaar, language digitization, linguistics, mark-up, West African online digital library},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544351,
author = {Plutchak, Joel and Futrelle, Joe and Gaynor, Jeff},
title = {Components for Constructing Open Archives},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544351},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544351},
abstract = {In this poster, we describe how components that implement emerging standards have been used to produce custom solutions to metadata archive problems.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {403},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544352,
author = {Pomerantz, Jeffrey},
title = {Question Types in Digital Reference: An Evaluation of Question Taxonomies},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544352},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544352},
abstract = {This study evaluates four taxonomies of question types to determine the expressiveness of each for questions received by digital reference services. The result is a faceted classification scheme that can be used as a basis for automating parts of the reference question answering process.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {404},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {taxonomy, digital reference, question answering, classification},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544353,
author = {Pomerantz, Jeffrey and Lankes, R. David},
title = {Integrating Expertise into the NSDL: Putting a Human Face on the Digital Library},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544353},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544353},
abstract = {This paper describes work currently underway at the Information Institute of Syracuse to build an operational digital reference system to support the National Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (NSDL).},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {405},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {NSDL, digital reference, digital library},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544354,
author = {Rowe, Neil C. and Coffman, Jim and Degirmenci, Yilmaz and Hall, Scott and Lee, Shong and Williams, Clifton},
title = {Automatic Removal of Advertising from Web-Page Display},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544354},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544354},
abstract = {The usefulness of the World Wide Web as a digital library of
precise and reliable information is reduced by the increasing
presence of advertising on Web pages. But no one is required to
read or see advertising, and this cognitive censorship can be
automated by software. Such filters can be useful to the U.S.
government which must permit its employees to use the Web but which
is prohibited by law from endorsing commercial products. While the
task would seem at first simpler than filtering of pornography or
general firewalls, subtleties in recognizing advertising make full
success daunting.Our work is evaluating the quality of methods and products for
automatic ad censorship. Commercial products include AdKiller
(www.adkiller.com), Ad Subtract Pro (www.adsubtract.com),
Advertising Killer (www.buypin.com), AdWiper (www.adwiper.com),
FilterGate (www.adscience .co.uk), and WebWasher
(www.webwasher.com). Other products prevent the annoying popup
windows that are usually ads. Things these products do include
removal of ad-like images embedded in the page, prevention of popup
windows and Javascript alert boxes, prevention of blinking text,
and prevention of playing of embedded audio. Or so the vendors
claim. Not a single one provides any statistics on the accuracy of
their product (e.g. recall and precision) to support their grand
claims of removing ads.We are experimenting to determine how effective various
techniques are in ad censoring. We constructed a censor of our own
("Big Head") with manipulable features. We use Java servlet
software to implement a page server that fetches HTML source text
and edits it to create a modified page for display. The modified
page has blanks in the places of inferred ads, and substitutes
local links for remote links to permit further censoring. Blanks
are made the same shape as the censored ads so that meaningful page
layout can be preserved.We initially examined a variety of Web sites to develop a set of
clue properties for both image ads and their associated text,
considering the text within a fixed-size window around the HTML
image reference. We defined ads as information intended to arouse a
desire to purchase or patronize something. It became clear that
identification methods need to include both logical and
probabilistic methods to achieve high recall (fraction of ads
removed from pages), although high precision (fraction of ads among
the items eliminated) was easy by simply picking the popup windows
and narrow banner-size images. Certain image dimensions are strong
clues for ads, especially 480 by 60 banners and 150 by 500, 120 by
600, and 160 by 600 images along the sides of the page. Images
stored on sites different from the page's site (i.e. with different
first part of their URL) were also very likely to be ads, as were
images whose file names contained long integers. These criteria are
sufficiently strong to give 95% precision in identifying image
ads.Additional weaker criteria used included the words of the image
file name (the image URL), words of any directly associated text
("alt" string), and other words within a fixed-size window around
the image reference. Good clue words and phrases were obtained from
a study of random commercial Web pages. Examples are "ad", "buy",
"shop", "free", "join", "click", and "now". The strength of each
clue was estimated as the fraction of the time that the image was
an ad when the word was associated with it. In addition, image ads
were usually larger than 2500 pixels, and "alt" text for ads was
usually less than 100 characters long; both tendencies can be
modeled by probability distributions derived from statistics from
example pages. Evidence from these weaker clues was combined using
a linear model (or weighted average), and items were eliminated if
their weighted sum exceeded a fixed threshold. In a quick test, our
program examined representative pages, and correctly recognized 19
of 20 ads and 153 of 156 non-ads where ads were manually identified
in advance. Public access is from
http://triton.cs.nps.navy.mil:8080/rowe/rowedemos.html.Text ads also have exploitable syntax. Analogously to what we
developed for finding image captions in our MARIE-4 Web crawler,
incitements to purchase typically use a limited range of
grammatical expressions recognizable by a partial parser. Good
examples are expressions of the imperative form of verb indicating
acquiring ("buy", "get", "join", "click", etc. followed by a noun
indicating a purchasable quantity (a physical object or a service),
with optionally a qualifying adjective on the noun or an adverb
indicating a desirable property of the acquisition ("now", "free",
"soon", etc.) Such a parser can approach semantic understanding of
advertising text and improve precision of ad identification.Our research is ongoing. Future work will obtain more reliable
performance statistics on representative Web pages, and will
investigate methods of identifying more difficult kinds of ads.
Though we did not consider it yet, elimination of popup windows and
Javascript applets is usually straightforward from analysis of the
HTML source code. We hope to publish performance comparisons of
different methods and different vendor products soon.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {406},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {World Wide Web, images, information retrieval, advertising, information filtering},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544355,
author = {Smith, Terence R. and Zeng, Marcia L. and Agapova, Olga and Buchel, Olha and Freeston, Michael and Frew, Jim and Hill, Linda and Smart, Laura and Tierney, Tim and Ushakov, Alex},
title = {Structured Models of Scientific Concepts for Organizing, Accessing, and Using Learning Materials},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544355},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544355},
abstract = {Concepts and their interrelationships are the fundamental building blocks for representing the phenomena investigated in mathematics, science, and engineering (MSE). The knowledge represented in learning materials for the sciences is typically organized around term-based or "weakly-structured" models of concepts and their interrelationships. We introduce a "strongly-structured" model of scientific concepts that provides the foundation for a knowledge base (KB) of concept representations. It focuses on such attributes as the objective representations, operational semantics, use, and interrelationships of concepts, all of which play important roles in constructing representations of phenomena that further understanding of MSE domains of knowledge.We have developed a strongly-structured model of concepts for SME domains in terms of a frame-based KRS with slots and attribute-value fillers. The model, whose framework is shown in Figure 1, is implemented as an XML schema. This schema is used as the basis for creating domain-specific KBs containing XML records of concepts.The Alexandria Digital Library (ADL) Digital Earth Testbed system (http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu) has been extended with: (1) a KB of scientific concepts, from the domain of physical geography, that are represented in terms of our XML schema for concept representation; (2) a collection of heterogeneous learning materials exemplifying the concepts and their properties in various contexts; and (3) services that provide a variety of views of the content of the KB and associated collection. (Please refer to the JCDL paper "The ADEPT Digital Library Architecture" by Janee and Frew.) This extension to ADL is being deployed in teaching an introductory course in physical geography in Fall, 2002.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {407},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {knowledge bases, physical geography, concepts, education, ontologies, digital libraries, models, learning materials, teaching},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544356,
author = {Sutton, Stuart A. and Liddy, Elizabeth D. and Kendall, John},
title = {StandardConnection: Correlating Educational Resources in Digital Libraries to Content Standards},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544356},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544356},
abstract = {The goal of our two year NSF National Science Digital Library-funded project is to develop Natural Language Processing technology that will automatically produce metadata values that correlate individual educational resources in digital libraries to content standards. The goal is to assign this metadata to the descriptive metadata records for resources in support of standards-based discovery and retrieval. The project will utilize the Achieve/McREL Compendix, a comprehensive knowledgebase of K-12 content standards derived from over 137 state, national and international content standards documents. The test collection of educational resources being analyzed is drawn from the more than 400 Web-based collections represented in the Gateway to Educational Materials catalog.The significance of this project in terms of the Digital Library movement is that high-quality automatic correlation of educational resources to content standards is essential to meet the demands for searching and retrieving such resources based on those correlations. This demand will increase as the national focus on greater accountability in our K-12 institutions increases. While human correlations of resources to content standards characterize current practice, it is clear that the scale of the need for such correlations calls for sophisticated means for automatic mapping. This project is intended to provide an NLP-based solution to the problem.Briefly, our NLP approach in this project is to analyze language utilizing all the levels through which humans extract meaning-morphological, lexical, syntactic, semantic, discourse, and pragmatic. The extent to which an individual technology includes these levels, particularly the higher-level ones determines the capability and sophistication of the resultant application. Having incorporated each of these levels into our baseline NLP document-processing module, we are extending the system's capabilities in this project to the task of learning the linguistic features that can be relied on to indicate what content standard an educational resource supports.We are applying a sublanguage analysis framework to automatically identify clues that can be recognized in the mathematics and science educational materials to indicate to which standards the resources apply. Based on the discourse model, the system learns from recognizing these linguistic clues in the training set. The system will then be able to process new resources as they are added to the digital library and appropriately assign to the metadata for those resources the learning standards to which they are applicable.This work is a continuation of our NSF NSDL project "Breaking the Metadata Generation Bottleneck" where we were successful in processing text to automatically assign metadata tags for the descriptive and subject aspects of educational resources.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {408},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {content standards, metadata, educational resources},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544357,
author = {Tian, YongHong and Huang, TieJun and Gao, Wen},
title = {Quantitatively Evaluating the Influence of Online Social Interactions in the Community-Assisted Digital Library},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544357},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544357},
abstract = {Online social interactions are useful in information seeking
from digital libraries, but how to measure their influence on the
user's information access actions has not yet been revealed.
Studies on this problem give us interesting insights into the
workings of human dynamics in the context of information access
from digital libraries. On the basis, we wish to improve the
technological supports to provide more intelligent services in the
ongoing China-America Million Books Digital Library so that it can
reach its potential in serving human needs.Our research aims at developing a common framework to model
online social interaction process in community-assisted digital
libraries. The underlying philosophy of our work is that the online
social interaction can be viewed as a dynamic process, and the next
state of each participant in this process (e.g., personal
information access competency) depends on the value of the previous
states of all participants involving interactions in the period.
Hence, considering the dynamics of interaction process, we model
each participant with a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) chain and then
employ the Influence Model, which was developed by C.
Asavathiratham as a Dynamic Bayes Net (DBN) of representing the
influences a number of Markov chains have on each other, to analyze
the effects of participants influencing each other. Therefore, one
can think of the entire interaction process as a DBN framework
having two levels of structure: the local level and the network
level. Each participant i has a local HMM chain
&Ggr;(A) which characterizes the transition of his
internal states in the interaction process with state-transition
probability
∑overjdijP(Sit|
Sjt-1) (Here states are his
personal information access competence in different periods, while
observations are his information access actions). Meanwhile, the
network level, which is described by a network graph
&Ggr;(DT) where
D={dij} is the influence factor
matrix, represents the interacting relations between
participants. The strength of each connection,
dij, describes the influence factor of the
participant j at its begin on the one i at its end.
Hence, this model describes the dynamic inter-influence process of
the internal states of all participants involving online
interactions.To automatically build the model, we need firstly to extract
observed features from the data of online social interactions and
information access actions. Obviously, the effects of interactions
are stronger if messages are exchanged more frequently, or the
participants access more information in the online digital
libraries during the period of time. Based on this consideration,
we select the interaction measure
IMi,jt and the amount of
information IAjt as the estimation
features of xit. The interaction
measure IAit and the amount of
information parameterize the features calculated automatically from
the data of online social interactions between the participants
i and j, and the features calculated from the data of
information access actions respectively. Secondly, we need to
develop a mechanism for learning the parameters
dij and
P(Sit|Sjt-1.
Given sequences of observations {xit}
for each chain i, we may easily utilize the
Expectation-Maximization algorithm or the gradient-based learning
algorithm to get their estimation equations.We ran our experiments in the online digital library of W3C
Consortium (www.w3c.org), which contains a mass of news, electronic
papers or other materials related to web technologies. Users may
access and download any information and materials in this digital
library, and also may free discuss on any related technological
problems by means of its mailing lists. Six users were selected in
our experiments to collaboratively perform paper -gathering tasks
related to four given topics. Any user might call for help from the
others through the mailing lists when had difficulties in this
process. All participants were required to record subjective
evaluations of the effects that the others influenced his tasks.
Each experiment was scheduled by ten phases. And in each phase, we
sampled IMi,jt and
IAit for each participant and then fed
them into the learning algorithms to automatically build the
influence model. By comparing with the subjective influence graphs,
the experimental results show that the influence model can estimate
approximately the influences of online social interactions.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {409},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {community-assisted digital library, statistical feature extraction, online social interactions, the influence model},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544358,
author = {Tiles, Mary and Bruya, Brian},
title = {Shuhai Wenyuan Interactive Internet Worktable: Studying Ancient Chinese Philosophy Online},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544358},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544358},
abstract = {There are four major digital library projects in East Asia that publish digital versions of parts of the vast pre-modern Chinese corpus on the World Wide Web. All of these are targeted at professional sinologists, with no accommodation for the user who is not expertly proficient in Chinese. As a result, anyone interested in seriously engaging Chinese thought must either set aside a few years to learn Classical Chinese or remain beholden to the sinologist for both information and interpretation. At Shuhai Wenyuan, a project funded by the National Science Foundation's Digital Libraries Initiative (Phase II), we strive to capitalize on the advantages of digitization to allow the non-sinologist entry into the conceptual world of ancient Chinese thought.Begun in October of 2000, Shuhai Wenyuan will offer a set of Chinese classics, English translations of these classics, a hyperlinked lexicon, a grammar, a philosophical resource, and a search engine for rapidly viewing the full contexts of important terms in a variety a texts. The aim is access--most immediately for scholars and students to be able to read Classical Chinese texts with enough resources that they will be able to reach their own conclusions about interpretation and then employ the texts in original scholarly pursuits; and in the longer term for teachers to be able to provide courses in Chinese Philosophy, either online or in the classroom, without having to be concerned about the availability of appropriate resources.There are four salient features of Shuhai Wenyuan that we will present in our poster:   SOFTWARE: As a project developed by humanists rather than computer scientists, and as a project intended to be replicated by other humanists, Shuhai Wenyuan employs powerful off-the-shelf database software called 4D. We will demonstrate how this results in streamlined and cost-effective administration and modular replicability without compromising design flexibility, expandability, or data integrity.WORKTABLE: Our user interface employs frames to replicate the scholar's worktable on which one may have open several books at once for simultaneous perusal. We will demonstrate how side-by-side textual viewing enhances the research usability and how the Worktable can be customized by individual users in a variety of ways.TOOLS: A portion of the Worktable is devoted to textual viewing and another to viewing research tools, specifically, a grammar, an encyclopedic lexicon, and a search engine. We will demonstrate how each of these tools is easily put to work using hyperlinks between the texts and tools and among tools.PHILOSOPHY: One of the most difficult parts of working with foreign language texts is that philosophically-laden terms lose their conceptual contexts in translation and acquire misleading conceptual contexts in the target language, so that a term such as tian in Chinese inevitably becomes Heaven in English, capitalized and with built-in Judeo-Christian connotations of an omnipotent, anthropomorphic deity and the promise of salvation.One of the most significant features of Shuhai Wenyuan is our work organizing and presenting secondary literature on key philosophical terms. If one were to research the term tian in an analog library, it would take days of paging through book and periodical indexes to find significant treatments of it in the secondary literature. We are bringing these resources into our own library, digitizing them, and culling the relevant passages for inclusion under individual entries in the lexicon. The textual tools and texts themselves, when combined with our philosophical resource, allow the novice reader of Chinese thought unprecedented access to this important body of texts. Instead of providing the reader with a single limited interpretation of a text, we offer users the entire conceptual universe of Chinese thought at their fingertips, allowing them to work creatively from it.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {410},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {4D, database, asian language text retrieval, chinese, worktable, Shuhai Wenyuan, philosophy, interpretive tools, web},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544359,
author = {Turner, Anne M. and Liddy, Elizabeth D. and Bradley, Jana},
title = {Breathing Life into Digital Archives: Use of Natural Language Processing to Revitalize the Grey Literature of Public Health},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544359},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544359},
abstract = {The goal of our 2-year Robert Wood Johnson-funded project is to apply Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology to improve access and use of the digitalized public health "grey" literature. Much public health information, such as meeting notes, think-tank reports, policy statements, and data sets, is not available through traditional commercial pathways and is considered grey or fugitive literature. Although grey literature documents are increasingly posted in digital archives on the Web, the unstructured and varied nature of grey literature makes accessing useful content difficult at best.In an effort to help make the content of public health digital collections more accessible to public health providers, we will use proven NLP techniques to identify and extract key elements of digital documents. NLP techniques can be used to identify and tag key elements from full-text documents. Once tagged, the content of various documents can be extracted and summarized in tables and charts for comparison and review. The ability of NLP to recognize and represent both the explicit and implicit content of full text documents makes it a powerful technique for interpreting the language of text documents. Our NLP information access system has been used in other domains to extract individual entities and events, as well as draw relationships between entities and events to build a content representation.The goal is to develop a model of public health interventions and identify key entities and events from these digital archives. Key elements may include type of study and population demographics as well as more traditional bibliographic elements such as author, title and publication date.NLP technology will be used to search, identify and extract key elements based on the user's request. Key elements can be extracted across multiple documents for summary and comparison. For example, the user can extract key elements from annual reports about "teenage smoking cessation programs" to compare method of intervention, demographic population, and outcome. Such comparisons will help public health professionals to determine how a particular intervention fits with similar interventions reported in the grey literature. This system holds great promise for improving access to public health information through digital archives.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {411},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {natural language processing, public health, digital archives, digital libraries},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544360,
author = {V\'{e}lez, Soledad and S\'{a}nchez-Quero, Manuel and Garc\'{\i}a, Juan Carlos and Bia, Alejandro},
title = {Building a Digital Collection of Manuscripts from the Library of the Royal Palace of Spain},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544360},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544360},
abstract = {With an aim of bringing cultural contents to cyberspace and spreading some unknown aspects of the history of the Americas, the Miguel de Cervantes Digital Library has embarked in a joint effort with the Library of the Royal Palace of Spain, to develop the digital web publication of the Manuscripts of the Americas in the Royal Collections funds. In this joint venture, the Library of Royal Palace supplied its invaluable contents for digitization, and the Miguel de Cervantes DL its technology and experience as a digital publisher. The goal was to join the ancient and the new, the most precious and carefully preserved documents with the new electronic publishing technologies. The result was to make freely available to a worldwide public those otherwise unreachable treasures of the Royal Collections.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {412},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544361,
author = {Washington, Anne},
title = {By the People Now, for the People Later: Using Transitory Metadata to Anchor a Digital Archive},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544361},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544361},
abstract = {The Congressional Research Service (CRS) serves Congress by providing timely, objective and non_partisan research, analysis and information services. The Legislative Information Office within CRS fulfills that mandate by maintaining a digital library of legislative documents known as the Legislative Information System.An ongoing challenge is designing these full text and structured databases for both promptness and permanence. This is accomplished by metadata and interface design. This foundation prepares for the impending incorporation of more complex born_digital formats such as XML, audio and video.Legislative Information System (LIS) clients are those who have access to Capitol Hill intranet systems. (The public version is the THOMAS site http://thomas.loc.gov.) LIS adds value to public domain legislative data with advanced text retrieval tools and the benefit of a portal site.The content of LIS is composed of several collections of documents. The House of Representatives and the Senate create and update legislative information, which is the bulk of LIS. The Government Printing Office publishes text and PDF formats of congressional documents, building up LIS's catalog of full_text documents. The CRS Bill Digest section, established by law in 1935 to index and summarize bills, adds additional metadata. In partnership with the user community, a high degree of data quality control is actively maintained.The primary entry point is a database called Bill Summary and Status. From there, links are available into the full text collections: text of bills, committee reports and the Congressional Record. These are large_scale collections. LIS maintains every published bill version since 1989. This session, Congress already has introduced more than 6000 bills and important bills often have up to five versions. The search pages have been carefully crafted to accommodate both novice and advanced users. A number of prepared searches are built underneath the search page interface. These gather bills on nebulous topics such as "national security.LIS's primary role is as a prompt deliverer of legislative events and documents. For instance, a senator needs a current list of all co-sponsors on her bill. A staffer needs to read yesterday's floor debate. Legislative events in LIS are updated regularly to accommodate this fast_paced need for data. Searchers are able to specify narrowly defined legislative status steps in order to track current legislation. The LIS alert service sends out email notification when selected legislation is updated.LIS data is also used retrospectively to piece together a legislative history. A legislative history attempts to establish the intent of a current law by compiling documents created during the legislative process. A legislative history could include conference reports, congressional hearings, debates and early drafts of bills. All of these documents are available in electronic format in LIS. Each legislative step has embedded links to LIS full_text documents, creating an easy_to_maintain web of legislative history. In addition, a text analysis tool has been developed which allows paragraph level comparison of legislation. This tool allows us to closely track the evolution of legislative language.Future developments of LIS involve displaying full-text documents in XML, linking to video of congressional proceedings, and completing a retrospective conversion of past congressional content.The prompt recording of current legislative events provides the key to long_term access into our growing digital archive of legislative documents. Our primary designated community is the congressional staff, but the results benefit individual citizens, the courts and businesses who are trying to interpret the rules that govern how we live.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {413},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {permanent access, legislation, embedded links, digital archive, legislative history},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544363,
author = {Suleman, Hussein},
title = {Introduction to the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544363},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544363},
abstract = {The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) [1] is a relatively new interoperability standard that is gaining much attention from existing and new digital libraries. It is currently advocated by many communities (including NDLTD, NCSTRL, and NSDL) to fulfill their metadata interoperability requirements.This tutorial is aimed at introducing individuals to the concepts underlying the OAI and the harvesting protocol, as well as providing sufficient information to allow attendees to almost immediately implement the current standard (OAI-PMH v2.0) on their own archives or in their own communities. Attendees will be introduced to both organizational and technical issues that need to be addressed when building new systems or extending existing systems, either in the capacity of being providers of data, users of data, or both. Wherever appropriate, references will be made to best practices that have emerged in the community of OAI implementers since the initial release of the protocol. Attendees will also be familiarized with tools developed within the OAI community to support the implementation of the protocol.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {414},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {architecture, protocols, standards, interoperability},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544364,
author = {Soergel, Dagobert},
title = {Thesauri and Ontologies in Digital Libraries: 1. Structure and Use in Knowledge-Based Assistance to Users},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544364},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544364},
abstract = {This introductory tutorial is intended for anyone concerned with subject access to digital libraries. It provides a bridge by presenting methods of subject access as treated in an information studies program for those coming to digital libraries from other fields. It will elucidate through examples the conceptual and vocabulary problems users face when searching digital libraries. It will then show how a well-structured thesaurus / ontology can be used as the knowledge base for an interface that can assist users with search topic clarification (for example through browsing well-structured hierarchies and guided facet analysis) and with finding good search terms (through query term mapping and query term expansion - synonyms and hierarchic inclusion). It will touch on cross-database and cross-language searching as natural extensions of these functions. The workshop will cover the thesaurus structure needed to support these functions: Concept-term relationships for vocabulary control and synonym expansion, conceptual structure (semantic analysis, facets, and hierarchy) for topic clarification and hierarchic query term expansion). It will introduce a few sample thesauri and some thesaurus-supported digital libraries and Web sites to illustrate these principles.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {415},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {ontology, user assistance, conceptual structure, classification, taxonomy},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544365,
author = {Witten, Ian H.},
title = {How to Build a Digital Library Using Open-Source Software},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544365},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544365},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {416},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {Greenstone software, digital library, open source software},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544366,
author = {Fox, Edward A.},
title = {Overview of Digital Libraries},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544366},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544366},
abstract = {This tutorial will start with an overview of definitions, foundations, scenarios, and perspectives. It will cover a variety of issues, including search, retrieval, and resource discovery; multimedia/hypermedia; metadata (e.g., Dublin Core); electronic publishing; document models and representations; SGML and XML; database approaches; agents and distributed processing; 2D and 3D interfaces and visualizations; metrics; architectures and interoperability; educational and social concerns; commerce and intellectual property rights, among others.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {417},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {foundations, digital libraries, references, definitions, tutorial},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544367,
author = {Nelson, Michael L. and Sompel, Herbert Van de and Warner, Simeon},
title = {Advanced Overview of Version 2.0 of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544367},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544367},
abstract = {This tutorial is a follow-on to "Introduction to the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting" (OAI-PMH), given earlier the same day. It is appropriate for those who have completed the earlier tutorial or are already familiar with OAI-PMH. The tutorial will begin by highlighting the differences between versions 1.1 and 2.0 of the OAI-PMH, and then discuss possible migration strategies for 1.1 harvesters and repositories. Advanced topics and deployment scenarios will also be discussed, including: flow control, load balancing, error recovery, hierarchical harvesting, sets and alternate metadata formats.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {418},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {OAI-PMH, harvesting, OAI, interoperability, metadata},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544368,
author = {Soergel, Dagobert},
title = {Thesauri and Ontologies in Digital Libraries: 2. Design, Evaluation, and Development},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544368},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544368},
abstract = {This tutorial is intended for people who have a basic familiarity with the function and structure of thesauri and ontologies. It will introduce criteria for the design and evaluation of thesauri and ontologies and then deal with methods and tools for their development: Locating sources; collecting concepts, terms. and relationships to reuse existing knowledge; developing and refining thesaurus/ontology structure; software and database structure for the development and maintenance of thesauri and ontologies; collaborative development of thesauri and ontologies; developing crosswalks / mappings between thesauri/ontologies. In summing up, the tutorial will address the question of the amount of resources needed to develop and maintain a thesaurus or ontology.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {419},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {taxonomy, ontological engineering, knowledge organization system standards, ontology, conceptual structure, classification, thesaurus development},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544369,
author = {Witten, Ian H. and Bainbridge, David},
title = {Hands-on Workshop: Build Your Own Digital Library Collections},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544369},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544369},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {420},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {digital library, open source software, Greenstone software},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544370,
author = {Hersh, William and Dubay, Christopher},
title = {Bioinformatics and Digital Libraries},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544370},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544370},
abstract = {The goal of this tutorial is to provide a basic introduction to bioinformatics and electronic biological data resources for the digital library community.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {421},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {databases, bioinformatics, genomics},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544372,
author = {Mostafa, Javed},
title = {Document Search Interface Design for Large-Scale Collections and Intelligent Access},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544372},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544372},
abstract = {As the universe of documents has enlarged from those available via the online catalog to a larger cluster of databases and web-accessible resources, interfaces are being created that can search multiple document collections simultaneously. Also, searching for document surrogates is losing favor as more documents are digitized and distributed in full-text form. Availability of full-text makes it possible for document components such as tables, illustrations, citations, and references -- components that traditionally remained outside the scope of document searching -- to be considered and exploited by search interface designers. Additionally, due to the popularity of web-hyperlinking people are beginning to expect linking of documents across different collections based on common semantic or non-semantic attributes. Increased research activity on artificial intelligence techniques for document access is leading to more fundamental changes in document searching. It is now possible to delegate 100% of the search effort to online search agents. Agents have been also created for performing tasks such as selecting appropriate collections, refining queries, and sorting results to assist with searches conducted in distributed environments. The broad scope of the workshop is on the impact of above technological changes on search interface design.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {422},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {distributed collections, search, retrieval, intelligent access, agents, interface},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544373,
author = {Mostafa, Javed and Brancolini, Kris},
title = {Developing Digital Libraries Education and Training Programs},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544373},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544373},
abstract = {Gaining education and training in the field of Digital Libraries is a difficult prospect. Relevant courses and experiences are usually scattered among different programs and institutions. Often, course content does not include the necessary mix of the theoretical and practical treatment. The workshop is aimed at developers, researchers, educators, and administrators interested in educational programs for training next generation of digital library professionals - both information technologists and librarians.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {423},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {digital libraries education, digital libraries training},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544374,
author = {Blandford, Ann and Buchanan, George},
title = {Usability for Digital Libraries},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544374},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544374},
abstract = {As digital libraries are becoming increasingly available to, and used by, diverse user communities who do not have background or training in information sciences, the need to ensure that such libraries are usable and useful is becoming increasingly urgent. Usability issues can be tackled from various directions - technical, cognitive, social, design-oriented - and it is important to bring these different perspectives together, to share views, experiences and insights.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {424},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {social aspects, evaluation, human-computer interaction, usability, usability tools, digital libraries},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544375,
author = {B\"{o}rner, Katy and Chen, Chaomei},
title = {Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544375},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544375},
abstract = {Today's digital libraries (DLs) are content rich, multimedia, multilingual collections that are distributed and accessed worldwide. Designing useful interfaces to access, understand, and manage this knowledge has become an active and challenging field of study. Visual interfaces to DLs aim to shift the user's mental load from slow reading to faster perceptual processes such as visual pattern recognition. They draw on progress in the new field of Information Visualization.The workshop in 2002 continues the theme started at JCDL 2001. In addition, the growth of the field warrants new perspectives on some of the issues we have addressed last year.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {425},
numpages = {1},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544376,
author = {Downie, J. Stephen},
title = {Workshop on the Creation of Standardized Test Collections, Tasks and Metrics for Music Information Retrieval (MIR) and Music Digital Library (MDL) Evaluation},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544376},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544376},
abstract = {This workshop is designed to engage the participation of all those interested in MIR and MDL research and evaluation. Interested parties have been encouraged to submit formal "White Papers" outlining their individual perspectives on what needs to be done to create meaningful MIR and MDL test collections, retrieval tasks and evaluation metrics. Interested parties include musicologists, music theorists, audio-retrieval experts, symbolic-retrieval experts, librarians, lawyers, and business representatives. The compilation of these perspectives and the discussion that follows at the workshop are intended to form the bedrock upon which a solid foundation of future research can be built.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {426},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {music digital library evaluation, music information retrieval evaluation},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544377,
author = {Hill, Linda L. and Hodge, Gail and Smith, David},
title = {Digital Gazetteers: Integration into Distributed Digital Library Services},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544377},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544377},
abstract = {This NKOS workshop for JCDL (the 5th in the series: http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/) will focus on work-in-progress on gazetteer services and gazetteer-related projects in connection with distributed digital library services. It builds on the Digital Gazetteer Information Exchange (DGIE) workshop funded by the NSF in October 1999.Digital gazetteers are specialized KOS that map placenames and types of places to map-based locations and thus integrate word-based georeferencing to map-based georeferencing. The format consists of invited and selected presentations and discussion sessions, with the goal of developing collaborations for future research and development.Participants may provide handouts describing their own gazetteer and other NKOS related projects and will be given the opportunity to introduce their work and their interests briefly.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {427},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {geospatial digital library components, networked knowledge organization systems, controlled vocabularies, geoparsing, gazetteers, gazetteer and thesaurus protocols},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/544220.544378,
author = {Hersh, William},
title = {Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) Genomics Pre-Track Workshop},
year = {2002},
isbn = {1581135130},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/544220.544378},
doi = {10.1145/544220.544378},
abstract = {The goal of this workshop is to allow individuals interested in the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC, trec.nist.gov) Genomics Pre-Track to come together to discuss common goals and interests for the pre-track. The workshop will be designed to generate a plan for developing a common set of tasks, databases, and evaluation measures for the pre-track. The morning will be devoted to presentations by attendees, with the topics to be covered determined by selection by the program committee. The afternoon will be geared towards developing a plan for the pre-track, with the structure based on the number of attendees (i.e., if attendance is large, we will break into small groups).},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
pages = {428},
numpages = {1},
keywords = {text retrieval conference (TREC), genomics, bioinformatics},
location = {Portland, Oregon, USA},
series = {JCDL '02}
}

license_type: permissive

extension: bib