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Number-of-Cited-References = {{82}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecotoxicology}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KO8RD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000503653500001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000503934500001,
Author = {Carolina Sucerquia, Diana and Estela Urrego, Ligia and Antonio Prado,
   Marco},
Title = {{The utilization of floral resources from mangroves of the Gulf of Uraba
   (Colombian Caribbean) by introduced honey bees (Apis mellifera)}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{59}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{626-637}},
Month = {{AUG 7}},
Abstract = {{We studied the importance of pollen from mangrove plant species in the
   diet of Apis mellifera (a non-native honey bee species), the
   relationship between tree flowering and pollen contained in Apis
   mellifera honey and bee bread samples. In addition, we recorded the type
   of interaction between insect visitors and two mangrove flowering plant
   species. We found that pollen grains from Rhizophora mangle,
   Laguncularia racemosa and Cecropia peltata, were the most important
   resources in the diet of Apis mellifera, while those from Raphia
   taedigera, Amanoa guianensis and Pterocarpus officinalis, were
   alternative resources. The highest percentages of pollen from Rhizophora
   mangle were related to flowering peaks of this species, while the
   percentages of pollen from Laguncularia racemosa did not show a clear
   relationship with its flowering peaks. Collectively, our findings
   suggest that Apis mellifera is an opportunistic visitor and the
   interaction is mutually beneficial although it is not an obligated
   relationship.}},
Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
Address = {{2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Sucerquia, DC (Corresponding Author), Univ Nacl Colombia Sede Medellin, Dept Ciencias Forestales, Medellin, Colombia.
   Carolina Sucerquia, Diana; Estela Urrego, Ligia; Antonio Prado, Marco, Univ Nacl Colombia Sede Medellin, Dept Ciencias Forestales, Medellin, Colombia.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/00218839.2019.1702323}},
Early Access Date = {{DEC 2019}},
ISSN = {{0021-8839}},
EISSN = {{2078-6913}},
Keywords = {{Beebread; honey; flowering phenology; botanical source; flower visitors}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POLLINATION; NESTEDNESS; L.}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{dcsucerq@unal.edu.co}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Corporacion para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Uraba (CORPOURABA)}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by Corporacion para el Desarrollo Sostenible del
   Uraba (CORPOURABA).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Apic. Res.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MK9DQ}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000503934500001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000502586800001,
Author = {Wignall, Veronica R. and Campbell Harry, Isabella and Davies, Natasha L.
   and Kenny, Stephen D. and McMinn, Jack K. and Ratnieks, Francis L. W.},
Title = {{Seasonal variation in exploitative competition between honeybees and
   bumblebees}},
Journal = {{OECOLOGIA}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{192}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{351-361}},
Month = {{FEB}},
Abstract = {{Honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus spp.) often undergo
   exploitative competition for shared floral resources, which can alter
   their foraging behaviour and flower choice, even causing competitive
   exclusion. This may be strongest in summer, when foraging conditions are
   most challenging for bees, compared to other times of the year. However,
   the seasonal dynamics of competition between these major pollinator
   groups are not well understood. Here, we investigate whether the
   strength of exploitative competition for nectar between honeybees and
   bumblebees varies seasonally, and whether competitive pressure is
   greatest in summer months. We carried out experimental bee exclusion
   trials from May to late September, using experimental patches of
   lavender, variety Grosso, in full bloom. In each trial, we compared the
   numbers of honeybees (HB) foraging on patches from which bumblebees had
   been manually excluded (bumblebee excluded, BBE) versus control (CON)
   patches, HB(BBE-CON). This measure of exploitative competition varied
   significantly with season. As expected, mean HB(BBE-CON) was
   significantly greater in summer trials than in spring or autumn trials.
   This was despite high nectar standing crop volumes in BBE patch flowers
   in spring and autumn trials. Mean HB(BBE-CON) was not different between
   spring and autumn trials. Our results show that nectar competition
   between honeybees and bumblebees varies seasonally and is stronger in
   summer than spring or autumn, adding to current understanding of the
   seasonality of resource demand and competition between bee species. This
   information may also help to inform conservation programs aiming to
   increase floral resources for bees by showing when these resources are
   most needed.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Wignall, VR (Corresponding Author), Univ Sussex, Lab Apiculture \& Social Insects, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England.
   Wignall, Veronica R.; Campbell Harry, Isabella; Davies, Natasha L.; Kenny, Stephen D.; McMinn, Jack K.; Ratnieks, Francis L. W., Univ Sussex, Lab Apiculture \& Social Insects, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England.
   McMinn, Jack K., Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00442-019-04576-w}},
Early Access Date = {{DEC 2019}},
ISSN = {{0029-8549}},
EISSN = {{1432-1939}},
Keywords = {{Seasonality; Ecology; Competitive exclusion; Bees; Resource availability}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FLOWER-VISITING INSECTS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; WILD BEES; RESOURCE;
   POLLINATION; DIVERSITY; AVAILABILITY; CONSERVATION; DECLINES; REVEALS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{v.wignall@sussex.ac.uk}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Wignall, Veronica/0000-0001-9411-1198}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{C. B. Dennis British Beekeepers Research Trust; Graduate School of the
   University of Sussex}},
Funding-Text = {{This study is part of VW's doctoral degree which is funded equally by
   the C. B. Dennis British Beekeepers Research Trust and the Graduate
   School of the University of Sussex.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{Oecologia}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KJ4QN}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000502586800001}},
OA = {{Green Published, Other Gold}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000534035700020,
Author = {Cullen, Merissa G. and Thompson, Linzi J. and Carolan, James. C. and
   Stout, Jane C. and Stanley, Dara A.},
Title = {{Fungicides, herbicides and bees: A systematic review of existing
   research and methods}},
Journal = {{PLOS ONE}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{12}},
Month = {{DEC 10}},
Abstract = {{Bees and the pollination services they deliver are beneficial to both
   food crop production, and for reproduction of many wild plant species.
   Bee decline has stimulated widespread interest in assessing hazards and
   risks to bees from the environment in which they live. While there is
   increasing knowledge on how the use of broad-spectrum insecticides in
   agricultural systems may impact bees, little is known about effects of
   other pesticides (or plant protection products; PPPs) such as herbicides
   and fungicides, which are used more widely than insecticides at a global
   scale. We adopted a systematic approach to review existing research on
   the potential impacts of fungicides and herbicides on bees, with the aim
   of identifying research approaches and determining knowledge gaps. While
   acknowledging that herbicide use can affect forage availability for
   bees, this review focussed on the potential impacts these compounds
   could have directly on bees themselves. We found that most studies have
   been carried out in Europe and the USA, and investigated effects on
   honeybees. Furthermore, certain effects, such as those on mortality, are
   well represented in the literature in comparison to others, such as
   sub-lethal effects. More studies have been carried out in the lab than
   in the field, and the impacts of oral exposure to herbicides and
   fungicides have been investigated more frequently than contact exposure.
   We suggest a number of areas for further research to improve the
   knowledge base on potential effects. This will allow better assessment
   of risks to bees from herbicides and fungicides, which is important to
   inform future management decisions around the sustainable use of PPPs.}},
Publisher = {{PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}},
Address = {{1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Stanley, DA (Corresponding Author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Agr \& Food Sci, Dublin, Ireland.
   Stanley, DA (Corresponding Author), Univ Coll Dublin, Earth Inst, Dublin, Ireland.
   Cullen, Merissa G.; Carolan, James. C., Maynooth Univ, Dept Biol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
   Thompson, Linzi J.; Stanley, Dara A., Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Agr \& Food Sci, Dublin, Ireland.
   Thompson, Linzi J.; Stanley, Dara A., Univ Coll Dublin, Earth Inst, Dublin, Ireland.
   Stout, Jane C., Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin, Ireland.}},
DOI = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0225743}},
Article-Number = {{e0225743}},
ISSN = {{1932-6203}},
Keywords-Plus = {{INSECT-POLLINATED PLANTS; HONEY-BEES; NEONICOTINOID PESTICIDES;
   METAANALYSIS; GLYPHOSATE; SENSITIVITY; PATTERNS; DECLINES; EXPOSURE;
   IMPACTS}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{dara.stanley@ucd.ie}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Stout, Jane C/B-1631-2010
   Stanley, Dara/K-2295-2012
   Stout, Jane/AAS-8867-2020
   Stanley, Dara/AAR-2947-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Stout, Jane C/0000-0002-2027-0863
   Stanley, Dara/0000-0001-8948-8409
   Stout, Jane/0000-0002-2027-0863
   Thompson, Linzi Jay/0000-0001-6570-6192
   Cullen, Merissa/0000-0002-6982-9840}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Irish Government's Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine's
   Competitive Research Funding Programme {[}17/S/232]}},
Funding-Text = {{This research was funded as part of the PROTECTS project by the Irish
   Government's Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine's
   Competitive Research Funding Programme (Grant Award No.17/S/232). The
   funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.}},
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Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{PLoS One}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{LP0TY}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000534035700020}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000502577500034,
Author = {Dolezal, Adam G. and St Clair, Ashley L. and Zhang, Ge and Toth, Amy L.
   and O'Neal, Matthew E.},
Title = {{Native habitat mitigates feast-famine conditions faced by honey bees in
   an agricultural landscape}},
Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{116}},
Number = {{50}},
Pages = {{25147-25155}},
Month = {{DEC 10}},
Abstract = {{Intensive agriculture can contribute to pollinator decline, exemplified
   by alarmingly high annual losses of honey bee colonies in regions
   dominated by annual crops (e.g., midwestern United States). As more
   natural or seminatural landscapes are transformed into monocultures,
   there is growing concern over current and future impacts on pollinators.
   To forecast how landscape simplification can affect bees, we conducted a
   replicated, longitudinal assessment of honey bee colony growth and
   nutritional health in an intensively farmed region where much of the
   landscape is devoted to production of corn and soybeans. Surprisingly,
   colonies adjacent to soybean fields surrounded by more cultivated land
   grew more during midseason than those in areas of lower cultivation.
   Regardless of the landscape surrounding the colonies, all experienced a
   precipitous decline in colony weight beginning in August and ended the
   season with reduced fat stores in individual bees, both predictors of
   colony overwintering failure. Patterns of forage availability and colony
   nutritional state suggest that late-season declines were caused by food
   scarcity during a period of extremely limited forage. To test if habitat
   enhancements could ameliorate this response, we performed a separate
   experiment in which colonies provided access to native perennials (i.e.,
   prairie) were rescued from both weight loss and reduced fat stores,
   suggesting the rapid decline observed in these agricultural landscapes
   is not inevitable. Overall, these results show that intensively farmed
   areas can provide a short-term feast that cannot sustain the long-term
   nutritional health of colonies; reintegration of biodiversity into such
   landscapes may provide relief from nutritional stress.}},
Publisher = {{NATL ACAD SCIENCES}},
Address = {{2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Dolezal, AG (Corresponding Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   Dolezal, Adam G., Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   St Clair, Ashley L.; Toth, Amy L., Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol \& Evolutionary Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   St Clair, Ashley L.; Zhang, Ge; Toth, Amy L.; O'Neal, Matthew E., Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1073/pnas.1912801116}},
ISSN = {{0027-8424}},
Keywords = {{honey bee; Apis mellifera; land use; agriculture; pollinators}},
Keywords-Plus = {{LAND-USE; COLONY DEVELOPMENT; POLLEN NUTRITION; WORKER HONEYBEES;
   HUMAN-POPULATION; SOYBEAN APHID; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; SURVIVAL;
   CONSERVATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{adolezal@illinois.edu}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{St. Clair, Ashley/AAR-3194-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{St. Clair, Ashley/0000-0002-6002-9759
   Dolezal, Adam/0000-0001-6164-1344}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{United Soybean Board {[}1520-732-7225]; US Department of Agriculture
   (USDA)/National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Grant
   {[}2016-07965]; Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station,
   Ames, IA {[}5351]; Hatch ActUnited States Department of Agriculture
   (USDA); State of Iowa}},
Funding-Text = {{We thank the many farmers who allowed us to conduct experiments in their
   fields, and to Iowa State University and Blomgren Seed Company for
   helping us connect with them; F. Kate Hunter, Edward Hsieh, David Stein,
   Zoe Pritchard, and members of the A.L.T. and M.E.O. laboratories for
   helping with field and laboratory assistance; Dr. Richard Joost for
   encouragement to initiate this project; Drs. Matthew Smart and Kathleen
   Ryan for reviewing an earlier version; and Kelly Dolezal for editing.
   This research was supported with funding from United Soybean Board Grant
   1520-732-7225 (to A.G.D., A.L.T., and M.E.O.) and US Department of
   Agriculture (USDA)/National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
   Grant 2016-07965 (to A.G.D., A.L.T., and M.E.O.); this article is a
   product of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station,
   Ames, IA Project No. 5351 and sponsored by Hatch Act and State of Iowa
   funds (to M.E.O.). Funding sources were not involved in the design,
   collection, interpretation, or writing of this paper.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{92}},
Times-Cited = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
Journal-ISO = {{Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{JV7YS}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000502577500034}},
OA = {{Other Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000500483400001,
Author = {Ricketts, K. and Shackleton, C. M.},
Title = {{Integrating livelihoods and forest conservation through beekeeping in
   northern KwaZulu-Natal}},
Journal = {{DEVELOPMENT SOUTHERN AFRICA}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{37}},
Number = {{4}},
Pages = {{661-677}},
Month = {{JUL 3}},
Abstract = {{South Africa has potential to export honey products through promoting
   beekeeping as an income generating opportunity amongst rural
   communities. Formalised beekeeping may also reduce wild fires initiated
   by hunters of wild bee hives. This study examined the contribution of
   the African Honey Bee (AHB) initiative to rural livelihoods and the
   incidence of forest fires using a mixed methods approach. The initiative
   increased incomes of newly trained and active beekeepers, although
   success rates and honey yields were variable. Core challenges included
   not catching bees, theft and vandalism of hives, insufficient bee
   forage, drought and pests. Most respondents also perceived an increase
   in crop size since AHB began, although few attributed this to
   pollination from the bees. The number of wild fires attributed to honey
   hunters more than halved after AHB began. Future steps need to reduce
   the challenges and integrate beekeeping into broader agriculture and
   forest conservation programmes.}},
Publisher = {{ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
Address = {{2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Shackleton, CM (Corresponding Author), Rhodes Univ, Dept Environm Sci, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa.
   Ricketts, K.; Shackleton, C. M., Rhodes Univ, Dept Environm Sci, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa.}},
DOI = {{10.1080/0376835X.2019.1698408}},
Early Access Date = {{DEC 2019}},
ISSN = {{0376-835X}},
EISSN = {{1470-3637}},
Keywords = {{Beekeeping; fire; forest conservation; income; livelihood; poverty
   alleviation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{POLLINATION; PRODUCTS; IMPACT; BEES}},
Research-Areas = {{Development Studies; Public Administration}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Development Studies; Regional \& Urban Planning}},
Author-Email = {{c.shackleton@ru.ac.za}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science
   and Technology; National Research Foundation of South AfricaNational
   Research Foundation - South Africa {[}84379]}},
Funding-Text = {{Many thanks are due to Guy Stubbs, African Honey Bee and Tony Roberts
   for making this research possible and to Daniel Schormann for creating
   the application used for data collection. This research was funded by
   the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of
   Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation of South
   Africa (grant number 84379). Any opinion, finding, conclusion or
   recommendation expressed in this material is that of the authors and the
   NRF does not accept any liability in this regard.}},
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Unique-ID = {{ISI:000500483400001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000500286000001,
Author = {Lanner, Julia and Kratschmer, Sophie and Petrovic, Bozana and Gaulhofer,
   Felix and Meimberg, Harald and Pachinger, Baerbel},
Title = {{City dwelling wild bees: how communal gardens promote species richness}},
Journal = {{URBAN ECOSYSTEMS}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{23}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{271-288}},
Month = {{APR}},
Abstract = {{Urban areas consist of wide expanses of impervious surfaces which are
   known to negatively affect insect biodiversity in general, but green
   spaces within cities have the potential to provide necessary habitat and
   foraging resources. Although, communal gardens were primarily intended
   to provide fresh, regional food to denizens, these green islands also
   host a surprisingly high number of wild bee species. The gardens were
   characterized based on structural elements such as flower frequency, the
   relative percentage of lawn, trees, shrubs, planted crops and
   infrastructure (e.g. seating possibilities or garden houses). Further,
   the effects of different landscape structures surrounding the gardens
   and distance to the city center were analyzed on the total wild bee
   species richness and functional traits. Focusing on these putative
   influencing factors, statistical analyses calculating random decision
   forests along with generalized linear mixed models were applied. With
   113 observed wild bee species, communal gardens provide habitat for a
   quarter of all known species in Vienna. In conclusion, results revealed
   that only elements within the gardens had an effect on species richness,
   with flower frequency as the major positive driver. The examined
   communal gardens promote and conserve wild bees independent from the
   location within the city or garden size. Furthermore, these green
   patches are important sanctuaries, hosting rare and threatened species
   as well as remarkably special wild bee communities.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Lanner, J (Corresponding Author), Univ Nat Resources \& Life Sci Vienna BOKU, Inst Integrat Nat Conservat Res, Gregor Mendel Str 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
   Lanner, Julia; Kratschmer, Sophie; Petrovic, Bozana; Gaulhofer, Felix; Meimberg, Harald; Pachinger, Baerbel, Univ Nat Resources \& Life Sci Vienna BOKU, Inst Integrat Nat Conservat Res, Gregor Mendel Str 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s11252-019-00902-5}},
Early Access Date = {{DEC 2019}},
ISSN = {{1083-8155}},
EISSN = {{1573-1642}},
Keywords = {{Urban agriculture; Pollinator; Flower frequency; Life history traits;
   Apiformes}},
Keywords-Plus = {{URBAN AGRICULTURE; CUCKOO BEES; HYMENOPTERA; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE;
   CONSERVATION; POLLINATION; SOLITARY; APOIDEA; BUMBLEBEES}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Urban
   Studies}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Urban
   Studies}},
Author-Email = {{julia.lanner@hotmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kratschmer, Sophie/AAD-4143-2020
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Kratschmer, Sophie/0000-0002-6538-694X
   Lanner, Julia/0000-0003-0540-5309}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{93}},
Times-Cited = {{4}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
Journal-ISO = {{Urban Ecosyst.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{KV3GU}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000500286000001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000533930800073,
Author = {Wilson, Caleb J. and Jamieson, Mary A.},
Title = {{The effects of urbanization on bee communities depends on floral
   resource availability and bee functional traits}},
Journal = {{PLOS ONE}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{14}},
Number = {{12}},
Month = {{DEC 2}},
Abstract = {{Wild bees are important pollinators in many ecosystems threatened by
   anthropogenic disturbance. Urban development can reduce and degrade
   natural habitat for bees and other pollinators. However, some
   researchers suggest that cities could also provide refuge for bees,
   given that agricultural intensification may pose a greater risk. In this
   study, we surveyed bee communities at 15 farms and gardens across an
   urban-rural gradient in southeastern Michigan, USA to evaluate the
   effect of urbanization on bees. We examined how floral resources, bee
   functional traits, temperature, farm size, and the spatial scale of
   analysis influence bee response to urbanization. We found that
   urbanization positively affected bee diversity and evenness but had no
   effect on total abundance or species richness. Additionally,
   urbanization altered bee community composition via differential effects
   on bee species and functional groups. More urbanized sites supported a
   greater number of exotic, above-ground nesting, and solitary bees, but
   fewer eusocial bees. Blooming plant species richness positively
   influenced bee species diversity and richness. Furthermore, the amount
   of available floral resources was positively associated with exotic and
   eusocial bee abundances. Across sites, nearly 70\% of floral resources
   were provided by exotic plants, most of which are characterized as weedy
   but not invasive. Our study demonstrates that urbanization can benefit
   some bee species and negatively impact others. Notably, Bombus and
   Lasioglossum (Dialictus), were two important pollinator groups
   negatively affected by urbanization. Our study supports the idea that
   urban environments can provide valuable habitat for diverse bee
   communities, but demonstrates that some bees are vulnerable to
   urbanization. Finally, while our results indicate that increasing the
   abundance and richness of floral resources could partially compensate
   for negative effects of urbanization on bees, the effectiveness of such
   measures may be limited by other factors, such as urban warming.}},
Publisher = {{PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}},
Address = {{1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Wilson, CJ (Corresponding Author), Oakland Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.
   Wilson, CJ (Corresponding Author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol \& Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   Wilson, Caleb J.; Jamieson, Mary A., Oakland Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.
   Wilson, Caleb J., North Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol \& Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1371/journal.pone.0225852}},
Article-Number = {{e0225852}},
ISSN = {{1932-6203}},
Keywords-Plus = {{BUMBLE BEES; URBAN; ABUNDANCE; POLLINATORS; DIVERSITY; CITY;
   CONSERVATION; HYMENOPTERA; EUSOCIALITY; RICHNESS}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{cjwilso4@ncsu.edu}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Wilson, Caleb/0000-0002-5546-4801
   Jamieson, Mary/0000-0002-1716-0372}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research New Innovator Award
   {[}430876]; Oakland University Provost Graduate Student Research Award}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by a Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research
   New Innovator Award to MAJ (FFAR Award No.430876)
   (https://foundationfar.org/) and the Oakland University Provost Graduate
   Student Research Award to CJW (Oakland.edu). The funders had no role in
   study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
   preparation of the manuscript.}},
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