text:
, neurobiologically based traits (temperament dimensions), and traits reflecting sociocultural learning (character dimensions). The temperament dimensions are thought to be related to activity in specific central neurotransmitter systems. The relationship of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory, particularly harm avoidance (HA), and platelet 5-HT2 receptor sensitivity was investigated in a sample of undergraduate student volunteers (N = 49). Serotonin-receptor binding results in Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. The concentration of serotonin required to produce half maximal Ca2+ response (EC50) is indicative of 5-HT2 receptor sensitivity such that the lower the EC50 serotonin concentration, the greater the 5-HT2 receptor sensitivity. A significant inverse correlation was found between HA and EC50 (r = -0.644, P < 0.001). Self-directedness was also significantly correlated with EC50 (r = 0.391, P = 0.005). Novelty seeking, a personality trait similar to sensation seeking, was not significantly correlated with serotonin.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.},
number = {1},
pages = {29--37},
volume = {89},
year = {1999},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Serotonin, Male, Humans, Blood Platelets, Character, Arousal, Receptors: Serotonin, Adult, Defense Mechanisms, Personality Inventory, Temperament, Reference Values, Female},
date-added = {2010-05-30 10:48:54 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-30 10:48:54 +0200},
pii = {S0165-1781(99)00079-7},
pmid = {10643875},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Peirson-1999-Psychiatry%20Res_Relationship%20between.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12237},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Huet:2005p4643,
author = {S Huet},
title = {Mod{\'e}lisation et exploration de mod{\`e}les : mod{\`e}le individus-centr{\'e} versus mod{\`e}le agr{\'e}g{\'e}},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-30 15:54:01 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 15:54:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Huet-2005-_Mode%CC%81lisation%20et%20exp.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4643},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Mills:2010p8722,
author = {Roger J Mills and Carolyn A Young and Julie F Pallant and Alan Tennant},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {Development of a patient reported outcome scale for fatigue in multiple sclerosis: The Neurological Fatigue Index (NFI-MS)},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Best-practice guidelines suggest that health services should repeatedly assess fatigue in persons with MS. Several fatigue scales are available but concern has been expressed about their validity. The objective of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a new scale for MS fatigue, the Neurological Fatigue Index (NFI-MS). METHODS: Qualitative analysis of 40 MS patient interviews had previously contributed to a coherent definition of fatigue, and a potential 52 item set representing the salient themes. A draft questionnaire was mailed out to 1223 people with MS, and the resulting data subjected to both factor and Rasch analysis. RESULTS: Data from 635 (51.9% response) respondents were split randomly into an 'evaluation' and 'validation' sample. Exploratory factor analysis identified four potential subscales: 'physical', 'cognitive', 'relief by diurnal sleep or rest' and 'abnormal nocturnal sleep and sleepiness'. Rasch analysis led to further item reduction and the generation of a Summary scale comprising items from the Physical and Cognitive subscales. The scales were shown to fit Rasch model expectations, across both the evaluation and validation samples. CONCLUSION: A simple 10-item Summary scale, together with scales measuring the physical and cognitive components of fatigue, were validated for MS fatigue.},
affiliation = {The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK. rjm@crazydiamond.co.uk},
pages = {22},
volume = {8},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-22 12:01:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 12:01:45 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-8-22},
pii = {1477-7525-8-22},
pmid = {20152031},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Mills-2010-Health%20and%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Outcomes_Development%20of%20a%20pat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8722},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hankins:2008p12048,
author = {Matthew Hankins},
journal = {Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health},
title = {The factor structure of the twelve item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): the result of negative phrasing?},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is used routinely as a unidimensional measure of psychological morbidity. Many factor-analytic studies have reported that the GHQ-12 has two or three dimensions, threatening its validity. It is possible that these 'dimensions' are the result of the wording of the GHQ-12, namely its division into positively phrased (PP) and negatively phrased (NP) statements about mood states. Such 'method effects' introduce response bias which should be taken into account when deriving and interpreting factors. METHODS: GHQ-12 data were obtained from the 2004 cohort of the Health Survey for England (N = 3705). Following exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the goodness of fit indices of one, two and three factor models were compared with those of a unidimensional model specifying response bias on the NP items, using structural equation modelling (SEM). The hypotheses were (1) the variance of the responses would be significantly higher for NP items than for PP items because of response bias, and (2) that the modelling of response bias would provide the best fit for the data. RESULTS: Consistent with previous reports, EFA suggested a two-factor solution dividing the items into NP and PP items. The variance of responses to the NP items was substantially and significantly higher than for the PP items. The model incorporating response bias was the best fit for the data on all indices (RMSEA = 0.068, 90%CL = 0.064, 0.073). Analysis of the frequency of responses suggests that the response bias derives from the ambiguity of the response options for the absence of negative mood states. CONCLUSION: The data are consistent with the GHQ-12 being a unidimensional scale with a substantial degree of response bias for the negatively phrased items. Studies that report the GHQ-12 as multidimensional without taking this response bias into account risk interpreting the artefactual factor structure as denoting 'real' constructs, committing the methodological error of reification. Although the GHQ-12 seems unidimensional as intended, the presence of such a large response bias should be taken into account in the analysis of GHQ-12 data.},
affiliation = {King's College London, Department of Psychology (at Guy's), Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. m.c.hankins@bsms.ac.uk.},
pages = {10},
volume = {4},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-05-24 10:31:33 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-24 10:31:38 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1745-0179-4-10},
pii = {1745-0179-4-10},
pmid = {18435842},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hankins-2008-Clin%20Pract%20Epidemiol%20Ment%20Health_The%20factor%20structure.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12048},
rating = {4}
}

@inproceedings{Chen:2006,
author = {Y-H Chen and J Gorin and M Thompson},
journal = {Proceedings},
title = {Verification of Cognitive Attributes Required to Solve the TIMSS-1999 Mathematics Items for Taiwanese Students},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Chen-2006-Proceedings_Verification%20of%20Cogn.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2169},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Martin:2007p1830,
author = {Marie Martin and Mark Kosinski and Jakob B Bjorner and John E Ware and Ross Maclean and Tracy Li},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {Item response theory methods can improve the measurement of physical function by combining the modified health assessment questionnaire and the SF-36 physical function scale},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the measurement properties of the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire [MHAQ], the SF-36((R)) Health Survey 10 item Physical Functioning scale [PF10], and scores from an item response theory (IRT) based scale combining the two measures. STUDY DESIGN: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 339) enrolled in a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial completed the MHAQ and the SF-36 pre- and post-treatment. Psychometric analyses used confirmatory factor analysis and IRT models. Analyses of variance were used to assess sensitivity to changes in disease severity (defined by the American College of Rheumatism (ACR)) using change scores in MHAQ, PF10, and IRT scales. Analyses of covariance were used to assess treatment responsiveness. RESULTS: For the entire score range, the 95% confidence interval around individual patient scores was smaller for the combined (total) IRT based scale than for other measures. The MHAQ and PF10 were about 70% and 50% as efficient as the total IRT score of physical functioning in discriminating among ACR groups, respectively. The MHAQ and PF10 were also less efficient than the total IRT score in discriminating among treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Combining scales from the two short forms yields a more powerful tool with greater sensitivity to treatment response.},
affiliation = {QualityMetric Incorporated, 640 George Washington Highway, Suite 201, Lincoln, 02865, RI, USA.},
number = {4},
pages = {647--60},
volume = {16},
year = {2007},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Quality of Life, Middle Aged, Adolescent, Adult, Psychometrics, Sickness Impact Profile, Female, Aged: 80 and over, Activities of Daily Living, Male, Antirheumatic Agents, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Immunoconjugates, Questionnaires, Arthritis: Rheumatoid},
date-added = {2010-01-09 23:00:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-007-9193-5},
pmid = {17334829},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1830},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Marshall:2001p12532,
author = {R J Marshall},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Displaying clinical data relationships using scaled rectangle diagrams},
abstract = {A method is presented to draw rectangles to represent categorical data relationships. The idea is an adaptation of a scaled Venn diagram. Rectangles are drawn with area proportional to the frequency of categories and the rectangles are positioned to overlap each other so that the areas of overlap are in proportion to the joint frequencies of the characteristics. The diagrams are especially useful to illustrate symptom co-occurrence.},
affiliation = {Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand.},
number = {7},
pages = {1077--88},
volume = {20},
year = {2001},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Data Interpretation: Statistical, Arthritis: Rheumatoid, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Chorea, Diagnosis: Differential, Comorbidity, Rheumatic Fever, Probability, Models: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-06-15 17:42:31 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-15 17:42:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1002/sim.747},
pmid = {11276037},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Marshall-2001-Stat%20Med_Displaying%20clinical.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12532},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ashton:2007p13921,
author = {M C Ashton and K Lee and L R Goldberg},
journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
title = {The IPIP--HEXACO scales: An alternative, public-domain measure of the personality constructs in the HEXACO model},
abstract = {Recently, Lee and Ashton (2004) described the HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI), a new instrument designed to assess the six dimensions observed in lexical studies of personality structure of var- ious languages. Here, we describe the development of an alternative measure of the HEXACO factors and their facets, using the items of the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP). The scales of the resulting IPIP--HEXACO inventory showed satisfactory psychometric properties, as assessed by internal-consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant correlations with the original HEXACO-PI scales, and factor struc- ture. We discuss the potential usefulness of the new IPIP--HEXACO inventory and its strengths and limitations.},
pages = {1515--1526},
volume = {42},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-07-29 18:44:41 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 18:45:31 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ashton-2007-Personality%20and%20Individual%20Differences_The%20IPIP%E2%80%93HEXACO%20scal.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13921},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Devlin:2007p5604,
author = {Shane M Devlin and Huiying Yang and Andrew Ippoliti and Kent D Taylor and Carol J Landers and Xiaowen Su and Maria T Abreu and Konstantinos A Papadakis and Eric A Vasiliauskas and Gil Y Melmed and Phillip R Fleshner and Ling Mei and Jerome I Rotter and Stephan R Targan},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
title = {NOD2 variants and antibody response to microbial antigens in Crohn's disease patients and their unaffected relatives},
abstract = {BACKGROUND {\&} AIMS: The Cdcs1 locus of the C3Bir mouse confers severe colitis associated with a decrease in innate immune function and an increase in adaptive T-cell responses to commensal bacterial products. The aim of our study was to determine if defects in innate immunity are similarly associated with increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens in Crohn's disease patients. METHODS: Sera from 732 patients, 220 unaffected relatives, and 200 healthy controls were tested for antibodies to oligomannan, the Pseudomonas fluorescens-related protein, Escherichia coli outer membrane porin C, CBir1 flagellin, and DNA from the same subjects was tested for 3 Crohn's disease-associated variants of the NOD2 gene, and 5 toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 2 TLR4, and 2 TLR9 variants. The magnitude of responses to microbial antigens was examined according to variant status. RESULTS: NOD2 variant carriage increased in frequency with increasing number of positive antibodies and increasing cumulative quantitative response as measured by quartile sum (P for trend, .0008 and .0003, respectively). Mean antibody and quartile sums were higher for patients carrying any NOD2 variant versus those carrying none (2.24 vs 1.92 and 10.60 vs 9.72; P = .0008 and P = 0.0003, respectively). The mean quartile sum was higher for unaffected relatives carrying any NOD2 variant versus those carrying none (10.67 vs 9.75, respectively; P = .02). No association was found between any TLR variant and the magnitude of response. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Crohn's disease and unaffected relatives carrying variants of the NOD2 gene have increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens.},
affiliation = {Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.},
number = {2},
pages = {576--86},
volume = {132},
year = {2007},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {California, Flagellin, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Crohn Disease, Bacterial Proteins, Humans, Toll-Like Receptors, Antigens: Bacterial, Immunity: Innate, Case-Control Studies, Escherichia coli Proteins, Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Cohort Studies},
date-added = {2010-02-12 15:44:57 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 15:44:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.013},
pii = {S0016-5085(06)02468-1},
pmid = {17258734},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Devlin-2007-Gastroenterology_NOD2%20variants%20and%20an.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5604},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Munzel:2009p6463,
author = {Ullrich Munzel},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Nonparametric non-inferiority analyses in the three-arm design with active control and placebo},
abstract = {The three-arm design with test treatment, reference treatment and placebo offers internal assay sensitivity for a proof of non-inferiority. In this design the relative effects known from nonparametric theory are robust tools allowing the assessment of non-inferiority in a range of situations. An asymptotic nonparametric theory is established in the three-arm design based on the asymptotic distribution of rank means under alternative. A rank test for non-inferiority is derived. Fieller's formula is used to calculate a respective confidence interval. The approach is expanded to multicentre studies. The simulation studies are conducted demonstrating the accuracy of the methods and an example is discussed.},
affiliation = {MEDA Pharma GmbH {\&} Co KG, Benzstr. 1, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany. ullrich.munzel@medapharma.de},
number = {29},
pages = {3643--56},
volume = {28},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Diabetic Neuropathies, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Pain, Clinical Trials as Topic, Computer Simulation, Statistics: Nonparametric, Thioctic Acid, Therapeutic Equivalency},
date-added = {2010-02-23 08:32:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-23 08:32:55 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.3727},
pmid = {19768691},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Munzel-2009-Stat%20Med_Nonparametric%20non-in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6463},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Santamaria:2008p12885,
author = {Rodrigo Santamar{\'\i}a and Roberto Ther{\'o}n and Luis Quintales},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {BicOverlapper: a tool for bicluster visualization},
abstract = {BicOverlapper is a tool to visualize biclusters from gene-expression matrices in a way that helps to compare biclustering methods, to unravel trends and to highlight relevant genes and conditions. A visual approach can complement biological and statistical analysis and reduce the time spent by specialists interpreting the results of biclustering algorithms. The technique is based on a force-directed graph where biclusters are represented as flexible overlapped groups of genes and conditions. AVAILABILITY: The BicOverlapper software and supplementary material are available at http://vis.usal.es/bicoverlapper},
affiliation = {Departamento de Inform{\'a}tica y Autom{\'a}tica, Pz. de Los Ca{\'\i}dos S/N, 37008 Salamanca, Spain. rodri@usal.es},
number = {9},
pages = {1212--3},
volume = {24},
year = {2008},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {cluster analysis, Data Display, Computer Graphics, Software, Computer Simulation, User-Computer Interface, Multigene Family, Models: Biological},
date-added = {2010-06-24 13:13:51 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-24 13:13:51 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btn076},
pii = {btn076},
pmid = {18321885},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Santamar%C3%ADa-2008-Bioinformatics_BicOverlapper%20a%20too.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12885},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tannenbaum:2005p3687,
author = {R J Tannenbaum and E C Wylie},
title = {Mapping English Language Proficiency Test Scores Onto the Common European Framework},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-16 20:27:11 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 20:27:50 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tannenbaum-2005-_Mapping%20English%20Lang.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3687},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ott:2004p5222,
author = {Jurg Ott},
journal = {Hum Hered},
title = {Issues in association analysis: error control in case-control association studies for disease gene discovery},
abstract = {Several sources of errors are discussed. While genotyping errors have little effect on power in case-control association studies, they tend to strongly increase false positive results in TDT type tests unless occurrence of errors is allowed for in the analysis (e.g., TDTae test). Disregarding non-genetic risk factors is shown to lead to a form of hidden heterogeneity, which can strongly reduce power. Stratification of data into more homogeneous subgroups is advocated as a simple solution to allowing for non-genetic risk factors such as socio-economic status and food preferences.},
affiliation = {Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA. ott@rockefeller.edu},
number = {3-4},
pages = {171--4},
volume = {58},
year = {2004},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Case-Control Studies, Genetic Diseases: Inborn, Risk Factors, Software, Linkage (Genetics), Models: Genetic, Databases as Topic, Phenotype, Humans, Genotype, Statistics as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Linkage Disequilibrium},
date-added = {2010-02-08 19:29:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-08 19:29:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1159/000083544},
pii = {HHE20040583_4171},
pmid = {15812174},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5222},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Misajon:2008,
author = {RoseAnne Misajon and Julie F Pallant and Lenore Manderson and Siriporn Chirawatkul},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {Measuring the impact of health problems among adults with limited mobility in Thailand: further validation of the Perceived Impact of Problem Profile.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Perceived Impact of Problem Profile (PIPP) was developed to provide a tool for measuring the impact of a health condition from the individual's perspective, using the ICF model as a framework. One of the aims of the ICF is to enable the comparison of data across countries, however, relatively little is known about the subjective experience of disability in middle and low-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Perceived Impact of Problem Profile (PIPP) for use among adults with a disability in Thailand using Rasch analysis. METHODS: A total of 210 adults with mobility impairment from the urban, rural and remote areas of northeast Thailand completed the PIPP, which contains 23 items assessing both impact and distress across five key domains (Self-care, Mobility, Participation, Relationships, and Psychological Well-being). Rasch analysis, using RUMM2020, was conducted to assess the internal validity and psychometric properties of the PIPP Impact subscales. Validation of the PIPP Impact scales was conducted by comparing scores across the different response levels of the EQ5D items. RESULTS: Rasch analysis indicated that participants did not clearly differentiate between 'impact' and 'distress,' the two aspects assessed by the PIPP. Further analyses were therefore limited to the PIPP Impact subscales. These showed adequate psychometric properties, demonstrating fit to the Rasch model and good person separation reliability. Preliminary validity testing using the EQ5D items provided support for the PIPP Impact subscales. CONCLUSION: The results provide further support for the psychometric properties of the PIPP Impact scales and indicate that it is a suitable tool for use among adults with a locomotor disability in Thailand. Further research is needed to validate the PIPP across different cultural contexts and health conditions and to assess the usefulness of separate Impact and Distress subscales.},
affiliation = {School of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, 49 Graham Street, Shepparton, 3630, Victoria, Australia. roseanne.misajon@med.monash.edu.au},
pages = {6},
volume = {6},
year = {2008},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:38:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:58:39 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-6-6},
pii = {1477-7525-6-6},
pmid = {18208616},
URL = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-6-6},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1185},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Shalizi:2010p14296,
author = {C Shalizi},
journal = {American Scientist},
title = {The Bootstrap},
pages = {186--190},
volume = {98},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-08-24 14:14:26 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-24 14:15:29 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Shalizi-2010-American%20Scientist_The%20Bootstrap.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14296},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Der:2003p526,
author = {Geoff Der and Ian J Deary},
journal = {Intelligence},
title = {IQ, reaction time and the differentiation hypothesis},
abstract = {Associations between reaction times and mental ability test scores have been widely reported in the literature on the information processing theories of psychometric intelligence. There have been varying estimates of the strength of these associations, which are typically reported in terms of correlation coefficients. In a previous article, we reported correlations between scores on Part 1 of the Alice Heim 4 and simple and four-choice reaction time of -.31 and -.49, respectively, derived from a population based sample of 900 residents of the West of Scotland aged 56. The use of the Pearson, or product moment, correlation coefficient to summarise the association between reaction time and mental test ability assumes that they jointly have a bivariate normal distribution and that the relationship between them is linear. The differentiation hypothesis can be construed as implying that the relationship should be nonlinear with a stronger relationship at lower levels of mental ability. We examined in detail the relationships underlying these correlations to assess whether they adequately represented the strength of the association and to test for any departure from linearity. For four-choice reaction time, the correlation is a good summary of the relation to AH4 score. However, the relation of AH4 and simple reaction time is more complex and nonlinear.},
affiliation = {MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK},
pages = {491--503},
volume = {31},
year = {2003},
month = {Apr},
date-added = {2010-01-03 13:38:42 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 13:42:22 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00189-7},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Der-2003-Intelligence_IQ%20reaction%20time%20an.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p526},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Jette:2009p7275,
author = {Alan M Jette and Christine M McDonough and Stephen M Haley and Pengsheng Ni and Sippy Olarsch and Nancy Latham and Ronald K Hambleton and David Felson and Young-Jo Kim and David Hunter},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {A computer-adaptive disability instrument for lower extremity osteoarthritis research demonstrated promising breadth, precision, and reliability},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a prototype measure (OA-DISABILITY-CAT) for osteoarthritis research using item response theory (IRT) and computer-adaptive test (CAT) methodologies. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We constructed an item bank consisting of 33 activities commonly affected by lower extremity (LE) osteoarthritis. A sample of 323 adults with LE osteoarthritis reported their degree of limitation in performing everyday activities, and completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire-II (HAQ-II). We used confirmatory factor analyses to assess scale unidimensionality and IRT methods to calibrate the items and examine the fit of the data. Using CAT simulation analyses, we examined the performance of OA-DISABILITY-CATs of different lengths compared with the full-item bank and the HAQ-II. RESULTS: One distinct disability domain was identified. The 10-item OA-DISABILITY-CAT demonstrated a high degree of accuracy compared with the full-item bank (r=0.99). The item bank and the HAQ-II scales covered a similar estimated scoring range. In terms of reliability, 95% of OA-DISABILITY reliability estimates were over 0.83 vs. 0.60 for the HAQ-II. Except at the highest scores, the 10-item OA-DISABILITY-CAT demonstrated superior precision to the HAQ-II. CONCLUSION: The prototype OA-DISABILITY-CAT demonstrated promising measurement properties compared with the HAQ-II, and is recommended for use in LE osteoarthritis research.},
affiliation = {Health {\&} Disability Research Institute, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA. ajette@bu.edu},
number = {8},
pages = {807--15},
volume = {62},
year = {2009},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Aged, Psychometrics, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Reproducibility of Results, Activities of Daily Living, Female, Adult, Osteoarthritis: Knee, Humans, Attitude to Health, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Focus Groups, Software Design, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis: Hip, Disability Evaluation, Diagnosis: Computer-Assisted},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:13:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:13:37 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.10.004},
pii = {S0895-4356(08)00294-1},
pmid = {19216052},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Jette-2009-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_A%20computer-adaptive.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7275},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Badia:1999p8430,
author = {X Badia and E Baro},
journal = {AIDS Review},
title = {The Measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life in Prospective Drug Therapy Studies in HIV-Infected Patients},
abstract = {The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients infected with the HIV virus is becoming increasingly important in clinical trials of antiretroviral drugs, principally for two reasons: (1) the disease is becoming a chronic illness, in which the measurement of `quality of survival' is gaining relevance as an outcome measure; and (2) the antiretroviral drugs used to treat the disease may have severe side effects which, in turn, affect the HRQOL of patients and threaten compliance with treatment.
A bibliographic review was conducted to locate currently existing HRQOL instruments developed specifically for HIV patients, with demonstrated sensitivity to change, and which may be used as a measure of clinical outcomes. The review also aimed to determine the frequency and adequacy of incorporation of HRQOL as an outcome variable in clinical trials and other prospective drug trials completed between 1990 and 1998 in this group of patients. Although 7 HIV-specific HRQOL instruments with demonstrated sensitivity to change were located (MOS-HIV, MQOL-HIV, HIV-PARSE, HOPES, EORTC-QLQ-HIV, FAHI and AIDS-HAQ), only 2.35% of publications were found to incorporate HRQOL as an outcomes variable. In addition, fewer than 40% of the instruments used to measure HRQOL in the publications reviewed were specific to HIV patients and had demonstrated sensitivity to change. This may be due to: (1) the lack, until relatively recently, of adequate instruments for measuring of HRQOL and changes in HRQOL in HIV patients; (2) the difficulty of measuring HRQOL in HIV patients and; (3) the low importance given to this aspect of the disease to date.},
pages = {213--220},
volume = {1},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-03-21 17:49:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 17:50:54 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Badia-1999-AIDS%20Review_The%20Measurement%20of%20H.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8430},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Button:2007p9449,
author = {Tanya M M Button and Soo Hyun Rhee and John K Hewitt and Susan E Young and Robin P Corley and Michael C Stallings},
journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},
title = {The role of conduct disorder in explaining the comorbidity between alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescence},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Conduct disorder (CD), alcohol dependence (AD), and illicit drug dependence (IDD) frequently co-occur. This paper describes the result of an investigation of the extent to which comorbid alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescents are explained by etiological factors in common with conduct disorder. METHODS: Participants were 645 MZ twin pairs, 702 DZ twin pairs, 429 biological sibling pairs, and 96 adoptive sibling pairs, aged 12-18 years, from a community based sample. Conduct disorder was measured using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Alcohol and illicit drug dependence were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM). For each outcome, subjects were categorized into those with no symptoms, those with one or more symptoms but no diagnosis, and those with a diagnosis. RESULTS: The heritability estimates for CD, AD, and IDD were 58, 66, and 36%, respectively. The genetic correlation between AD and IDD was partially explained by the genetic risk they both share with conduct disorder. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that conduct disorder in adolescents explains, in part, the co-occurrence of alcohol and illicit drug dependence. Specifically, the genetic contribution to their covariation is explained partially by the genetic contribution in common with conduct disorder.},
affiliation = {Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Campus Box 447, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. tanya.button@colorado.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {46--53},
volume = {87},
year = {2007},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Street Drugs, Opioid-Related Disorders, Comorbidity, Alcoholism, Humans, Child, Questionnaires, Male, Twins, Adolescent, Conduct Disorder},
date-added = {2010-03-23 19:40:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-23 19:40:46 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.012},
pii = {S0376-8716(06)00294-8},
pmid = {16956733},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Button-2007-Drug%20Alcohol%20Depend_The%20role%20of%20conduct.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9449},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hickendorff:2005aa,
author = {Marian Hickendorff},
title = {Clustering Nominal Data with Equivalent Categories: a Simulation Study Comparing Restricted GROUPALS and Restricted Latent Class Analysis},
year = {2005},
month = {Jun},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:39:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:39:03 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hickendorff-2005-_Clustering%20Nominal%20D.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1209},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nickerson:2000p7069,
author = {R S Nickerson},
journal = {Psychological Methods},
title = {Null Hypothesis Significance Testing: A Review of an Old and Continuing Controversy},
number = {2},
pages = {241--301},
volume = {5},
year = {2000},
date-added = {2010-03-06 20:12:14 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 20:12:51 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Nickerson-2000-Psychological%20Methods_Null%20Hypothesis%20Sign.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7069},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Scheeringa:2010p7899,
author = {Michael S Scheeringa and Nancy Haslett},
journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev},
title = {The reliability and criterion validity of the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment: a new diagnostic instrument for young children},
abstract = {The need to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorders in children younger than 7 years of age has intensified as clinical efforts to diagnose and treat this population have increased, and clinical research on psychopathology has advanced. A new diagnostic instrument for young children was created, the Diagnostic Infant Preschool Assessment (DIPA), and was tested for test-retest reliability and concurrent criterion validity. The caregivers of 50 outpatients aged 1-6 years were interviewed twice by trained interviewers, once by a clinician and once by a research assistant, about eight disorders. The median test-retest intraclass correlation was 0.69, mean 0.61, and values ranged from 0.24 to 0.87. The median test-retest kappa was 0.53, mean 0.52, and values ranged from 0.38 to 0.66. There were no differences by duration between interviews. Concurrent criterion validity show good agreement between the instrument and DSM-based Child Behavior Checklist scales when the DSM-based scales were matched well to the disorder (attention-deficit/hyperactivity inattentive and hyperactive and oppositional disorders). Preliminary data support the DIPA as a reliable and valid measure of symptoms in research and clinical work with very young children. This measure adds a tool that is flexible in covering both DSM-IV syndromes and empirically-validated developmental modifications that can help increase confidence in assessing young children, ensuring coverage of symptoms, and improve access to care.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry {\&} Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. mscheer@tulane.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {299--312},
volume = {41},
year = {2010},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:22:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:22:25 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s10578-009-0169-2},
pmid = {20052532},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7899},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hessen:2006p11422,
author = {D J Hessen and C V Dolan and J M Wicherts},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {The Multigroup Common Factor Model With Minimal Uniqueness Constraints and the Power to Detect Uniform Bias},
abstract = {An alternative formulation of the multigroup common factor model with minimal uniqueness constraints is considered. This alternative formulation is based on a simple identification constraint that is related to the standard maximum likelihood constraint used in single-group common factor analysis. It is argued that the alternative formulation leads to less technical difficulties in applications than earlier formulations of this multigroup common factor model. Furthermore, associated tests for various measurement invariance constraints across groups are proposed, such as an omnibus test for the absence of uniform bias. By means of an empirical example, the fitting of several multigroup common factor models with
minimal uniqueness constraints and the testing for measurement invariance over groups are demonstrated. The nesting of multigroup confirmatory factor models under the multigroup common factor model with minimal uniqueness constraints is also discussed. Finally, a small study is performed to investigate the drop in power to detect uniform bias in using the multigroup common factor model with minimal uniqueness constrains instead of a confirmatory special case. The results of the study show a small drop in power under all research conditions.},
number = {3},
pages = {233--246},
volume = {30},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-05-01 16:50:59 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-01 16:52:46 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hessen-2006-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_The%20Multigroup%20Commo.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11422},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Waller:2000p10568,
author = {N G Waller and J S Thompson and E Wenk},
journal = {Psychological Methods},
title = {Using IRT to separate measurement bias from true group differences on homogeneous and heterogeneous scales: an illustration with the MMPI},
abstract = {The authors present a didactic illustration of how item response theory (IRT) can be used to separate measurement bias from true group differences on homogeneous and heterogeneous scales. Several bias detection methods are illustrated with 12 unidimensional Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) factor scales (Waller, 1999) and the 13 multidimensional MMPI validity and clinical scales. The article begins with a brief review of MMPI bias research and nontechnical reviews of the 2-parameter logistic model (2-PLM) and several IRT-based methods for bias detection. A goal of this article is to demonstrate that homogeneous and heterogeneous scales that are composed of biased items do not necessarily yield biased test scores. To that end, the authors perform differential item- and test-functioning analyses on the MMPI factor, validity, and clinical scales using data from 511 Blacks and 1,277 Whites from the California Youth Authority.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA. Niels.Waller@Vanderbilt.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {125--46},
volume = {5},
year = {2000},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {MMPI, Reproducibility of Results, Psychometrics, Adult, California, Models: Statistical, Adolescent, Male, Prisoners, Humans, Bias (Epidemiology)},
date-added = {2010-04-07 11:38:53 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-07 11:38:53 +0200},
pmid = {10937326},
URL = {http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=search.displayRecord&uid=2000-03131-007},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Waller-2000-Psychological%20Methods_Using%20IRT%20to%20separat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10568},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Marvelde:2006,
author = {J M Te Marvelde and C A W Glas and G Van Landeghem and J Van Damme},
journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
title = {Application of multidimensional item response theory models to longitudinal data},
pages = {5--34},
volume = {66},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Marvelde-2006-Educational%20and%20Psychological%20Measurement_Application%20of%20multi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2053},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Molsted:2007p3575,
author = {Stig Molsted and Lotte Prescott and James Heaf and Inge Eidemak},
journal = {Nephron Clin Pract},
title = {Assessment and clinical aspects of health-related quality of life in dialysis patients and patients with chronic kidney disease},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is relevant to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in dialysis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in order to optimise treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate HRQOL in dialysis and CKD patients, to compare results from patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to investigate the prediction of dialysis quality control parameters (blood hemoglobin, plasma albumin, and Kt/V) and tobacco smoking in disease-specific HRQOL. METHODS: Seventy-one HD, 59 PD, and 63 CKD patients participated in the study. Dialysis quality control parameters were measured and the patients completed the questionnaire Kidney Disease Quality Of Life. RESULTS: PD patients rated Dialysis Staff Encouragement and Patient Satisfaction better than HD patients (p< or = 0.05). Dialysis patients scored significant lower than the general population in all generic HRQOL scales (p < or = 0.01), whereas CKD patients scored lower than the general population in 5 of 8 scales (p < or = 0.05). The dialysis quality parameters did not predict dialysis patients' disease specific HRQOL, but tobacco consumption was independently associated with low scores on a number of HRQOL scales. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is suggested to include elements of HRQOL as a supplement to standard quality control parameters. It is also suggested routinely to include information of the beneficial effects of physical activity already in the predialysis program, and to focus on smoking as a very important risk factor.},
affiliation = {Department of Nephrology, Hilleroed Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark. stimo@noh.regionh.dk},
number = {1},
pages = {c24--33},
volume = {106},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Kidney Failure: Chronic, Renal Dialysis, Aged, Male, Denmark, Middle Aged, Female, Quality of Life, Peritoneal Dialysis, Humans, Patient Satisfaction, Sickness Impact Profile},
date-added = {2010-01-15 21:13:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 21:13:31 +0100},
doi = {10.1159/000101481},
pii = {000101481},
pmid = {17409766},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3575},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wirth:2007p6522,
author = {R J Wirth and Michael C Edwards},
journal = {Psychological Methods},
title = {Item factor analysis: current approaches and future directions},
abstract = {The rationale underlying factor analysis applies to continuous and categorical variables alike; however, the models and estimation methods for continuous (i.e., interval or ratio scale) data are not appropriate for item-level data that are categorical in nature. The authors provide a targeted review and synthesis of the item factor analysis (IFA) estimation literature for ordered-categorical data (e.g., Likert-type response scales) with specific attention paid to the problems of estimating models with many items and many factors. Popular IFA models and estimation methods found in the structural equation modeling and item response theory literatures are presented. Following this presentation, recent developments in the estimation of IFA parameters (e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo) are discussed. The authors conclude with considerations for future research on IFA, simulated examples, and advice for applied researchers.},
affiliation = {L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA. rjwirth@unc.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {58--79},
volume = {12},
year = {2007},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Models: Psychological, Forecasting, Factor Analysis: Statistical, Psychology},
date-added = {2010-02-23 08:44:36 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-23 08:44:40 +0100},
doi = {10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.58},
pii = {2007-03329-004},
pmid = {17402812},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wirth-2007-Psychological%20Methods_Item%20factor%20analysis.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6522},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Boks:2010p12577,
author = {M P M Boks and E M Derks and C V Dolan and R S Kahn and R A Ophoff},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {"Forward Genetics" as a Method to Maximize Power and Cost-Efficiency in Studies of Human Complex Traits},
abstract = {There is increasing interest in methods to disentangle the relationship between genotype and (endo)phenotypes in human complex traits. We present a population-based method of increasing the power and cost-efficiency of studies by selecting random individuals with a particular genotype and then assessing the accompanying quantitative phenotypes. Using statistical derivations, power- and cost graphs we show that such a "forward genetics" approach can lead to a marked reduction in sample size and costs. This approach is particularly apt for implementing in epidemiological studies for which DNA is already available but the phenotyping costs are high.},
affiliation = {Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, B01.206, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands, mboks@umcutrecht.nl.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-06-15 22:29:26 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-010-9348-y},
pmid = {20232132},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Boks-2010-Behav%20Genet_%22Forward%20Genetics%22%20a.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12577},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Thompson:1994,
author = {B Thompson},
journal = {Measurement Update},
title = {The Concept of Statistical Hypothesis Testing},
number = {1},
pages = {5--6},
volume = {4},
year = {1994},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
URL = {http://www.coe.tamu.edu/~bthompson/hyptest1.htm},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1965},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kim:2005p3300,
author = {S Y Kim and J W Lee and J S Bae},
journal = {Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
title = {Iterative Clustering Algorithm for Analyzing Temporal Patterns of Gene Expression},
abstract = {Microarray experiments are information rich; however, extensive data mining is required to identify the patterns that characterize the underlying mechanisms of action. For biologists, a key aim when analyzing microarray data is to group genes based on the temporal patterns of their expression levels. In this paper, we used an iterative clustering method to find temporal patterns of gene expression. We evaluated the performance of this method by applying it to real sporulation data and simulated data. The patterns obtained using the iterative clustering were found to be superior to those obtained using existing clustering algorithms.},
pages = {8--11},
volume = {4},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-14 21:29:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 21:30:06 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kim-2005-Proceedings%20of%20World%20Academy%20of%20Science%20Engineering%20and%20Technology_Iterative%20Clustering.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3300},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Osgood:2002p266,
author = {D Wayne Osgood and Laura L Finken and Barbara J McMorris},
journal = {Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
title = {Analyzing Multiple-Item Measures of Crime and Deviance II: Tobit Regression Analysis of Transformed Scores},
abstract = {The purpose of this article is to inform criminological researchers about tobit regression, an alternative regression model that deserves more attention in this field. Tobit regression is intended for continuous data that are censored, or bounded at a limiting value. The tobit model may be a particularly good match to measures of self-reported offending, provided they have been transformed to reduce skewness. We present empirical analyses that evaluate the match of self-report measures to the assumptions of ordinary least square (OLS) and tobit regression models and that assess the consequences of any violations of assumptions. The analyses use a fourteen-item, self-report measure of delinquency from the Monitoring the Future study, a national survey of high school seniors. These analyses provide clear evidence that (1) transformations to reduce skewness improve the match of OLS to the data but still leave considerable discrepancies, and (2) the tobit model is well suited to the transformed measure. We conclude by assessing the purposes for which tobit offers greater and smaller advantages over OLS regression.},
affiliation = {Crime, Law, and Justice Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802},
number = {4},
pages = {319--347},
volume = {18},
year = {2002},
keywords = {tobit regression, self-report measures, Regression Analysis, limited dependent variables},
date-added = {2010-01-03 11:17:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 11:19:38 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p266},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Longford:1992p12121,
author = {N T Longford and B O Muth{\'e}n},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Factor analysis for clustered observations},
pages = {581--597},
year = {1992},
date-added = {2010-05-30 10:03:46 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-30 10:05:29 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Longford-1992-Psychometrika_Factor%20analysis%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12121},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tutz:2005p1560,
author = {G Tutz and H Binder},
title = {Boosting Ridge Regression},
abstract = {Ridge regression is a well established method to shrink regression parameters towards zero, thereby securing existence of estimates. The present paper investigates several approaches to combining ridge regression with boosting techniques. In the direct approach the ridge estimator is used to fit iteratively the current residuals yielding an alternative to the usual ridge estimator. In partial boosting only part of the regression parameters are reestimated within one step of the iterative procedure. The technique allows to distinguish between variables that are always included in the analysis and variables that are chosen only if relevant. The resulting procedure selects variables in a similar way as the Lasso, yielding a reduced set of influential variables. The suggested procedures are investigated within the classical framework of continuous response variables as well as in the case of generalized linear models. In a simulation study boosting procedures for different stopping criteria are investigated and the performance in terms of prediction and the identification of relevant variables is compared to several competitors as the Lasso and the more recently proposed elastic net. For the evaluation of the identification of relevant variables pseudo ROC curves are introduced.},
affiliation = {Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit ̈at Mu ̈nchen, Germany},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:46:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 16:53:37 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tutz-2005-_Boosting%20Ridge%20Regre.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1560},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Eisenberger:2005p12290,
author = {Naomi I Eisenberger and Matthew D Lieberman and Ajay B Satpute},
journal = {Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci},
title = {Personality from a controlled processing perspective: an fMRI study of neuroticism, extraversion, and self-consciousness},
abstract = {Although neuroticism has been central to most theories of personality, self-reported neuroticism has had limited success in predicting expected behavioral outcomes. The reason for this may be due, in part, to the imprecision of self-reports. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neural correlates of control systems and neuroticism, extraversion, and self-consciousness. In response to an oddball task, neuroticism was associated with increased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) reactivity, typically associated with discrepancy detection, whereas extraversion and self-consciousness were associated with lateral and medial frontoparietal networks, respectively, typically associated with task-focused (lateral) or self-focused (medial) controlled processes. We also examined whether the neural measure of neuroticism would predict a relevant behavioral outcome better than self-reports would. Interoceptive accuracy, an outcome associated with neuroticism, was better accounted for by dACC reactivity (r2 = .74) than by self-reported neuroticism (r2 = .16), suggesting that neural reactivities may provide a more direct measure of personality than self-reports do.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563, USA. neisenbe@ucla.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {169--81},
volume = {5},
year = {2005},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adult, Humans, Male, Oxygen, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Personality Inventory, Self Assessment (Psychology), Brain, Self Concept, Brain Mapping, Personality, Neurotic Disorders, Extraversion (Psychology), Female, Image Processing: Computer-Assisted},
date-added = {2010-06-09 20:14:05 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-09 20:14:09 +0200},
pmid = {16180623},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Eisenberger-2005-Cogn%20Affect%20Behav%20Neurosci_Personality%20from%20a%20c.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12290},
rating = {4}
}

@article{DeLaVega:2007p5718,
author = {Francisco M De La Vega},
journal = {Methods Mol Biol},
title = {Selecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association studies with SNPbrowser software},
abstract = {The design of genetic association studies using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) requires the selection of subsets of the variants providing high statistical power at a reasonable cost. SNPs must be selected to maximize the probability that a causative mutation is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with at least one marker genotyped in the study. The HapMap Project performed a genome-wide survey of genetic variation with over 3 million SNPs typed in four populations, providing a rich resource to inform the design of association studies. A number of strategies have been proposed for the selection of SNPs based on observed LD, including construction of metric LD maps and the selection of haplotype-tagging SNPs. Power calculations are important at the study design stage to ensure successful results. Integrating these methods and annotations can be challenging: the algorithms required to implement these methods are complex to deploy, and all the necessary data and annotations are deposited in disparate databases. Here, we review the typical workflows for the selection of markers for association studies utilizing the SNPbrowser software, a freely available, stand-alone application that incorporates the HapMap database together with gene and SNP annotations. Selected SNPs are screened for their conversion potential to genotyping platforms, expediting the set up of genetic studies with an increased probability of success.},
affiliation = {Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA.},
pages = {177--93},
volume = {376},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Case-Control Studies, Software, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Databases: Genetic, Computational Biology, Linkage Disequilibrium, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Genetic Markers, Humans},
date-added = {2010-02-15 20:26:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-15 20:26:29 +0100},
pii = {1-59745-389-7:177},
pmid = {17984546},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5718},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hoetker:2003p4091,
author = {G Hoetker},
title = {Confounded coefficients: Accurately comparing logit and probit coefficients across groups},
abstract = {The logit and probit models are critical parts of the sociologist's analytical arsenal. We often want to know if a covariate has the same effect for different groups, e.g., men and women. Unfortunately, many attempts to compare the effect of covariates across groups make the unwarranted assumption that each group has the same residual variation. If this assumption is false, comparisons of coefficients can reveal differences where none exist and conceal differences that do exist. Recent work has emphasized the theoretical potential for this problem and proposed a test of whether the effect of covariates differs across groups that is accurate, if limited, despite differences in residual variation. This paper extends these advances in three ways. First, it uses simulations to show that this theoretical problem is substantively significant under a wide range of common conditions, meaning that traditionally executed comparisons of logit coefficients should be viewed skeptically. Second, it uses simulations to assess the power of the test recently proposed to overcome the problem, finding that they are an improvement over na{\"\i}ve comparisons of coefficients, but have significant limitations. Third, it proposes and tests two alternative means of comparing coefficients across groups that avoid the assumption of equal residual variation entirely. The article closes with implications for the practice of research.},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-19 23:18:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 23:20:22 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hoetker-2003-_Confounded%20coefficie.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4091},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Algina:2003,
author = {J Algina and H J Keselman},
journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
title = {Approximate confidence intervals for effect sizes},
pages = {537--553},
volume = {63},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:18:44 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1913},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Reise:2007p10571,
author = {Steven P Reise and Julien Morizot and Ron D Hays},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {The role of the bifactor model in resolving dimensionality issues in health outcomes measures},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We propose the application of a bifactor model for exploring the dimensional structure of an item response matrix, and for handling multidimensionality. BACKGROUND: We argue that a bifactor analysis can complement traditional dimensionality investigations by: (a) providing an evaluation of the distortion that may occur when unidimensional models are fit to multidimensional data, (b) allowing researchers to examine the utility of forming subscales, and, (c) providing an alternative to non-hierarchical multidimensional models for scaling individual differences. METHOD: To demonstrate our arguments, we use responses (N = 1,000 Medicaid recipients) to 16 items in the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS2.0) survey. ANALYSES: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic and item response theory models (unidimensional, multidimensional, and bifactor) were estimated. RESULTS: CAHPS items are consistent with both unidimensional and multidimensional solutions. However, the bifactor model revealed that the overwhelming majority of common variance was due to a general factor. After controlling for the general factor, subscales provided little measurement precision. CONCLUSION: The bifactor model provides a valuable tool for exploring dimensionality related questions. In the Discussion, we describe contexts where a bifactor analysis is most productively used, and we contrast bifactor with multidimensional IRT models (MIRT). We also describe implications of bifactor models for IRT applications, and raise some limitations.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of California, Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. reise@psych.ucla.edu},
pages = {19--31},
volume = {16 Suppl 1},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Health Status, Questionnaires, Models: Statistical, Research, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Models: Theoretical, Humans, Factor Analysis: Statistical, Pilot Projects},
date-added = {2010-04-07 11:37:58 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:30 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-007-9183-7},
pmid = {17479357},
URL = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/jh561175967n4503/},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Reise-2007-Qual%20Life%20Res_The%20role%20of%20the%20bifa.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10571},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Schmidt:2002p11425,
author = {S Schmidt and M Power and M Bullinger},
title = {Cross-cultural analysis of relationships of health indicators across europe: first results based on the eurohis project},
abstract = {Empirical studies have suggested that two components of health -- physical health and mental health -- account for the great majority of the variance in health surveys. It has also been suggested that a variety of other indicators can be meaningfully aggregated in order to estimate scores for each of these two health components. Data from the EUROHIS project, the objective of which was to develop common survey instruments for European health surveys, provide an opportunity to further investigate these relationships. The EUROHIS project was led by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and co-sponsored by the BIOMED2 programme of the European Commission.
The focus of the current analysis was to study the relationship between the different EUROHIS health indicators and to assess the impact of specific health determinants on physical and mental health outcomes at a cross-cultural level. EUROHIS field-test data for ten countries were used, with a total number of 4849 respondents. Selected variables were tested for their contribution to physical and mental health using multiple hierarchical regression analysis, which took into account the effect of sociodemographic and culture-specific aspects. Modelling was also used to investigate the pathways between the variables.
Both the regression and the path analyses revealed conceptually meaningful and statistically powerful explanatory models for the EUROHIS data, in spite of the fact that different sampling frames were used in different countries. Overall, it was not possible to use a combined (single) model that predicted both mental and physical health. These constructs appeared to have different meanings and, furthermore, the interrelationship between mental and physical health appeared to differ in different countries. While the current data need to be carefully interpreted, not least because the EUROHIS field-testing countries used different data collection methods, they offer a rich database for further investigation into cultural aspects that may account for cross-national health differences.},
number = {E77964},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-05-01 17:04:14 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-01 17:06:03 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Schmidt-2002-_Cross-cultural%20analy.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11425},
rating = {0}
}

@article{deGeus:2008p12620,
author = {Eco de Geus and Terry Goldberg and Dorret I Boomsma and Danielle Posthuma},
journal = {Biol Psychol},
title = {Imaging the genetics of brain structure and function},
abstract = {Imaging genetics combines brain imaging and genetics to detect genetic variation in brain structure and function related to behavioral traits, including psychiatric endpoints, cognition, and affective regulation. This special issue features extensive reviews of the current state-of-the-art of the field and adds new findings from twin and candidate gene studies on functional MRI. Here we present a brief overview and discuss a number of desirable future developments which include more specific a priori hypotheses, more standardization of MRI measurements within and across laboratories, and larger sample sizes that allows testing of multiple genes and their interactions up to a scale that allows genetic whole genome association studies. Based on the overall tenet of the contributions to this special issue we predict that imaging genetics will increasingly impact on the classification systems for psychiatric disorders and the early detection and treatment of vulnerable individuals.},
number = {1},
pages = {1--8},
volume = {79},
year = {2008},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Twin Studies as Topic, Humans, Animals, Molecular Biology, Brain Chemistry, Behavior, Brain},
date-added = {2010-06-15 22:37:49 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-15 22:37:50 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.04.002},
pii = {S0301-0511(08)00091-4},
pmid = {18487006},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12620},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Masthoff:2007p13044,
author = {Erik D Masthoff and Fons J Trompenaars and Guus L Van Heck and Paul P Hodiamont and Jolanda De Vries},
journal = {Psychiatry Res},
title = {The relationship between dimensional personality models and quality of life in psychiatric outpatients},
abstract = {This study examines the relationship between personality and quality of life (QOL) in psychiatric outpatients (N=495). Personality was conceptualized using two-dimensional models, respectively, the five-factor model (FFM) and Cloninger's seven-factor model. The WHOQOL-100 was used for assessing QOL. Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance had negative correlations with QOL, whereas Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Self-Directedness correlated positively with QOL. A considerable part of the QOL variance was explained by personality; Cloninger's character factors were superior to the FFM domains. Although not fully comparable, in general our findings are in accordance with earlier studies. Therefore, paying attention to personality and temperament is recommended in future diagnostic procedures, treatment policies, and program evaluations.},
affiliation = {Forensisch Psychiatrische Dienst, Ministerie van Justitie, Leeghwaterlaan 14, 5223 BA 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.},
number = {1-3},
pages = {81--8},
volume = {149},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Personality Disorders, Male, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Ambulatory Care, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Factor Analysis: Statistical, Personality Inventory, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Questionnaires},
date-added = {2010-06-26 09:36:35 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-26 09:36:35 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.004},
pii = {S0165-1781(06)00009-6},
pmid = {17150257},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Masthoff-2007-Psychiatry%20Res_The%20relationship%20bet.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13044},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Stryke:2003p2309,
author = {D Stryke and C C Huang and M Kawamoto and S J Johns and E J Carlson and J A Deyoung and M K Leabman and I Herskowitz and K M Giacomini and T E Ferrin},
journal = {Pac Symp Biocomput},
title = {SNP Analysis and Presentation in the Pharmacogenetics of Membrane Transporters Project},
abstract = {The multidisciplinary UCSF Pharmacogenetics of Membrane Transporters project seeks to systematically identify sequence variants in transporters and to determine the functional significance of these variants through evaluation of relevant cellular and clinical phenotypes. The project is structured around four interacting cores: genomics, cellular phenotyping, clinical phenotyping, and bioinformatics. The bioinformatics core is responsible for collecting, storing, and analyzing the information obtained by the other cores and for presenting the results, in particular, for the genomic data. Most of this process is automated using locally developed software written in Python, an open source language well suited for rapid, modular development that meets requirements that are themselves constantly evolving. Here we present the details of transforming ABI trace file data into useful information for project investigators and a description of the types of data analysis and display that we have developed.},
pages = {535--547},
volume = {8},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 12:23:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:42:21 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Stryke-2003-Pac%20Symp%20Biocomput_SNP%20Analysis%20and%20Pre.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2309},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wang:2007p6508,
author = {Sijia Wang and Cecil M Lewis and Mattias Jakobsson and Sohini Ramachandran and Nicolas Ray and Gabriel Bedoya and Winston Rojas and Maria V Parra and Julio A Molina and Carla Gallo and Guido Mazzotti and Giovanni Poletti and Kim Hill and Ana M Hurtado and Damian Labuda and William Klitz and Ramiro Barrantes and Maria C{\'a}tira Bortolini and Francisco M Salzano and Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler and Luiza T Tsuneto and Elena Llop and Francisco Rothhammer and Laurent Excoffier and Marcus W Feldman and Noah A Rosenberg and Andr{\'e}s Ruiz-Linares},
journal = {PLoS Genet},
title = {Genetic variation and population structure in native Americans},
abstract = {We examined genetic diversity and population structure in the American landmass using 678 autosomal microsatellite markers genotyped in 422 individuals representing 24 Native American populations sampled from North, Central, and South America. These data were analyzed jointly with similar data available in 54 other indigenous populations worldwide, including an additional five Native American groups. The Native American populations have lower genetic diversity and greater differentiation than populations from other continental regions. We observe gradients both of decreasing genetic diversity as a function of geographic distance from the Bering Strait and of decreasing genetic similarity to Siberians--signals of the southward dispersal of human populations from the northwestern tip of the Americas. We also observe evidence of: (1) a higher level of diversity and lower level of population structure in western South America compared to eastern South America, (2) a relative lack of differentiation between Mesoamerican and Andean populations, (3) a scenario in which coastal routes were easier for migrating peoples to traverse in comparison with inland routes, and (4) a partial agreement on a local scale between genetic similarity and the linguistic classification of populations. These findings offer new insights into the process of population dispersal and differentiation during the peopling of the Americas.},
affiliation = {The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.},
number = {11},
pages = {e185},
volume = {3},
year = {2007},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Chromosomes: Human, Linguistics, Heterozygote, Humans, Databases: Genetic, Genetic Variation, Indians: North American, Population Dynamics, Language, Gene Frequency, Emigration and Immigration, Alleles, Geography, Phylogeny},
date-added = {2010-02-23 08:37:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-23 08:37:37 +0100},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.0030185},
pii = {07-PLGE-RA-0192},
pmid = {18039031},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6508},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ongena:2007,
author = {YP Ongena and W Dijkstra},
journal = {Applied Cognitive Psychology},
title = {A model of cognitive processes and conversational principles in survey interview interaction},
abstract = {In this paper we provide a model of interviewer-respondent interaction in survey interviews. Our model is primarily focused on the occurrence of problems within this interaction that seem likely to affect data quality. Both conversational principles and cognitive processes, especially where they do not match the requirements of the respondent's task, are assumed to affect the course of interactions. The cognitive processes involved in answering a survey question are usually described by means of four steps: interpretation, retrieval, judgement and formatting. Each of these steps may be responsible for different overt problems, such as requests for clarification or inadequate answers. Such problems are likely to affect the course of the interaction through conversational principles which may cause, for example, suggestive behaviour on the part of the interviewer, which may in turn yield new problematic behaviours. However, the respondent may not be the only one who experiences cognitive problems; the interviewer may also have such problems, for example with respect to explaining question meaning to the respondent. Thus the model proposed here, unlike most of the other models which concentrate on the respondent, tries to incorporate cognitive processes and conversational principles with respect to both interviewer and respondent. In particular, the model looks at how cognitive processes and conversational principles affect both the interaction between interview participants and the quality of the eventual answers.},
number = {2},
pages = {145--163},
volume = {21},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:15:39 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p937},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wong:2003p13477,
author = {W Wong and C C Ho},
title = {Comparing Scoring Systems From Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis Using Random Samples},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-07-01 20:40:06 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 20:40:37 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wong-2003-_Comparing%20Scoring%20Sy.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13477},
rating = {0}
}

@article{MeyerLindenberg:2006p3499,
author = {A Meyer-Lindenberg and T Nichols and J H Callicott and J Ding and B Kolachana and J Buckholtz and V S Mattay and M Egan and D R Weinberger},
journal = {Mol Psychiatry},
title = {Impact of complex genetic variation in COMT on human brain function},
abstract = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has been shown to be critical for prefrontal dopamine flux, prefrontal cortex-dependent cognition and activation. Several potentially functional variants in the gene have been identified, but considerable controversy exists regarding the contribution of individual alleles and haplotypes to risk for schizophrenia, partly because clinical phenotypes are ill-defined and preclinical studies are limited by lack of adequate models. Here, we propose a neuroimaging approach to overcome these limitations by characterizing the functional impact of ambiguous haplotypes on a neural system-level intermediate phenotype in humans. Studying 126 healthy control subjects during a working-memory paradigm, we find that a previously described risk variant in a functional Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism interacts with a P2 promoter region SNP (rs2097603) and an SNP in the 3' region (rs165599) in predicting inefficient prefrontal working memory response. We report evidence that the nonlinear response of prefrontal neurons to dopaminergic stimulation is a neural mechanism underlying these nonadditive genetic effects. This work provides an in vivo approach to functional validation in brain of the biological impact of complex genetic variations within a gene that may be critical for its clinical association.},
affiliation = {Unit for Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-1257, USA. andreasml@nih.gov},
number = {9},
pages = {867--77, 797},
volume = {11},
year = {2006},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Brain, Polymorphism: Genetic, Reaction Time, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Adult, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Male, Prefrontal Cortex, Memory, Female, Dopamine, Introns, Base Sequence, Amino Acid Substitution, Humans, Genetic Variation},
date-added = {2010-01-15 15:29:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 15:29:10 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/sj.mp.4001860},
pii = {4001860},
pmid = {16786032},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Meyer-Lindenberg-2006-Mol%20Psychiatry_Impact%20of%20complex%20ge.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3499},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Widaman:1989p13817,
author = {K F Widaman and D C Geary and P Cormier and T D Little},
journal = {J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn},
title = {A componential model for mental addition},
abstract = {A componential model capable of representing simple and complex forms of mental addition was proposed and then tested by using chronometric techniques. A sample of 23 undergraduate students responded to 800 addition problems in a true-false reaction time paradigm. The 800 problems comprised 200 problems of each of four types: two single-digit addends, one single- and one double-digit addend, two double-digit addends, and three single-digit addends. The results revealed that the columnwise product of addends, a structural variable consistent with a memory network retrieval process, was the best predictor of mental addition for each of the four types of problem. Importantly, the componential model allowed estimation of effects of several other structural variables, e.g., carrying to the next column and speed of encoding of digits. High levels of explained variance verified the power of the model to represent the reaction time data, and the stability of estimates across types of problem implied consistent component use by subjects. Implications for research on mental addition are discussed.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521.},
number = {5},
pages = {898--919},
volume = {15},
year = {1989},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Models: Psychological, Male, Imagination, Adult, Decision Making, Problem Solving, Humans, Concept Formation, Adolescent, Female},
date-added = {2010-07-29 12:42:35 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:34:10 +0200},
pmid = {2528607},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Widaman-1989-J%20Exp%20Psychol%20Learn%20Mem%20Cogn_A%20componential%20model.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13817},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Handl:2007p12240,
author = {Julia Handl and Douglas B Kell and Joshua Knowles},
journal = {IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform},
title = {Multiobjective optimization in bioinformatics and computational biology},
abstract = {This paper reviews the application of multiobjective optimization in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology. A survey of existing work, organized by application area, forms the main body of the review, following an introduction to the key concepts in multiobjective optimization. An original contribution of the review is the identification of five distinct "contexts," giving rise to multiple objectives: These are used to explain the reasons behind the use of multiobjective optimization in each application area and also to point the way to potential future uses of the technique.},
affiliation = {School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.},
number = {2},
pages = {279--92},
volume = {4},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Pattern Recognition: Automated, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Profiling, Sequence Analysis, Models: Biological, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithms},
date-added = {2010-06-09 20:07:13 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:29:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1109/TCBB.2007.070203},
pmid = {17473320},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Handl-2007-IEEEACM%20Trans%20Comput%20Biol%20Bioinform_Multiobjective%20optim.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12240},
rating = {0}
}

@article{RabeHesketh:2004p7014,
author = {S Rabe-Hesketh and A Skrondal and A Pickles},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {GENERALIZED MULTILEVEL STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING},
abstract = {A unifying framework for generalized multilevel structural equation modeling is introduced. The models in the framework, called generalized linear latent and mixed models (GLLAMM), combine fea- tures of generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and structural equation models (SEM) and consist of a response model and a structural model for the latent variables. The response model generalizes GLMMs to incorporate factor structures in addition to random intercepts and coefficients. As in GLMMs, the data can have an arbitrary number of levels and can be highly unbalanced with different numbers of lower-level units in the higher-level units and missing data. A wide range of response processes can be modeled in- cluding ordered and unordered categorical responses, counts, and responses of mixed types. The structural model is similar to the structural part of a SEM except that it may include latent and observed variables varying at different levels. For example, unit-level latent variables (factors or random coefficients) can be regressed on cluster-level latent variables. Special cases of this framework are explored and data from the British Social Attitudes Survey are used for illustration. Maximum likelihood estimation and empirical Bayes latent score prediction within the GLLAMM framework can be performed using adaptive quadra- ture in gllamm, a freely available program running in Stata.},
number = {2},
pages = {167--190},
volume = {69},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-03-06 19:51:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 19:52:47 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rabe-Hesketh-2004-Psychometrika_GENERALIZED%20MULTILEV-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7014},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Xu:2007p4216,
author = {Xiaohui Xu and Keeley Brookes and Chih-Ken Chen and Yu-Shu Huang and Yu-Yu Wu and Philip Asherson},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
title = {Association study between the monoamine oxidase A gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwanese samples},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable disorder of childhood characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Molecular genetic and pharmacological studies suggest the involvement of the dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) encodes an enzyme that degrades biogenic amines, including neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. In this study we examined a 30 bp promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and a functional G/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 941 in exon 8 (941G/T) of MAO-A for association with ADHD in a Taiwanese sample of 212 ADHD probands. METHODS: Within-family transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to analyse association of MAO-A polymorphisms with ADHD in a Taiwanese population. RESULTS: A nominally significant association was found between the G-allele of 941G/T in MAO-A and ADHD (TDT: P = 0.034. OR = 1.57). Haplotype analysis identified increased transmission of a haplotype consisting of the 3-repeat allele of the promoter VNTR and the G-allele of the 941G/T SNP (P = 0.045) to ADHD cases which the strong association with the G-allele drove. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the importance of the 941G/T MAO-A polymorphism in the development of ADHD in the Taiwanese population. These results replicate previously published findings in a Caucasian sample.},
affiliation = {MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. x.xu@iop.kcl.ac.uk},
pages = {10},
volume = {7},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Monoamine Oxidase, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Male, Tandem Repeat Sequences, Child: Preschool, Female, Promoter Regions: Genetic, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Taiwan, Adolescent, Child},
date-added = {2010-01-21 08:01:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-21 08:02:00 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-7-10},
pii = {1471-244X-7-10},
pmid = {17328795},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4216},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Reitz:2009p5753,
author = {C Reitz and R Mayeux},
journal = {Neuroscience},
title = {Endophenotypes in normal brain morphology and Alzheimer's disease: a review},
abstract = {Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is a common complex disorder of old age. Though these types of disorders can be highly heritable, they differ from single-gene (Mendelian) diseases in that their causes are often multifactorial with both genetic and environmental components. Genetic risk factors that have been firmly implicated in the cause are mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes, which are found in large multi-generational families with an autosomal dominant pattern of disease inheritance, the apolipoprotein E (APOE)epsilon4 allele and the sortilin-related receptor (SORL1) gene. Environmental factors that have been associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease include depressive illness, various vascular risk factors, level of education, head trauma and estrogen replacement therapy. This complexity may help explain their high prevalence from an evolutionary perspective, but the etiologic complexity makes identification of disease-related genes much more difficult. The "endophenotype" approach is an alternative method for measuring phenotypic variation that may facilitate the identification of susceptibility genes for complexly inherited traits. The usefulness of endophenotypes in genetic analyses of normal brain morphology and, in particular for Alzheimer's disease will be reviewed as will the implications of these findings for models of disease causation. Given that the pathways from genotypes to end-stage phenotypes are circuitous at best, identifying endophenotypes more proximal to the effects of genetic variation may expedite the attempts to link genetic variants to disorders.},
affiliation = {Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.},
number = {1},
pages = {174--90},
volume = {164},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Apolipoproteins E, Animals, Humans, Age of Onset, LDL-Receptor Related Proteins, Phenotype, Alzheimer Disease, Membrane Transport Proteins, Brain, Dementia, Cognition Disorders},
date-added = {2010-02-15 20:29:00 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-15 20:29:00 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.006},
pii = {S0306-4522(09)00584-3},
pmid = {19362127},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5753},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fried:2006p3305,
author = {C Fried and P F Stadler and P Ahnert},
title = {Genome-Wide Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in and near Genes and Evolutionary Conserved DNA},
abstract = {Variation databases promise to enable the assessment of recent selec- tion pressure on genomic sequence elements. Evidence of recent selection would suggest recent functional relevance of elements potentially impor- tant for understanding the organization of the human genome and result- ing complex phenotypes and diseases. In contrast, comparative sequence analysis can be employed to focus on those regions that have have been under long-term stabilizing selection. Previously observed biases in vari- ation databases appear to have been reduced to the point that their data can now be used to for investigate the relationships of long-term sequence preservation and recent selective pressures.
In a genome-wide study, we identified phylogenetic footprints (PFs) in the vicinity of human genes. In agreement with the distribution of known regulatory sites, the density of these PFs was highest within two thousand base pairs upstream and downstream of genes. Stabilizing selection acting on these PFs was most strongly indicated by significantly reduced single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density. Weak correlation between SNP densities of PFs and coding sequences suggests that gene regulation and function often evolve independently. Decreasing diversity in human genes with increasing time of conservation suggests that most old genes have not ceased to be functionally important today. On average, intergenic sequences are under the least selection pressure in the vicinity of genes and may serve as a preferred model for estimating neutral evolution. Intriguingly, we observed increased SNP densities in coding sequences and introns as compared to non-coding sequences of genes conserved only among primates. These genes appear to be mainly involved in the reg- ulation of gene expression and raise the question about mechanisms for adaptive evolution and their role in primate development.},
affiliation = {Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig,
Ha ̈rtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-15 12:05:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 12:06:35 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fried-2006-_Genome-Wide%20Analysis.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3305},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zuo:2006p3910,
author = {Yijun Zuo and Guohua Zou and Hongyu Zhao},
journal = {Genetics},
title = {Two-stage designs in case-control association analysis},
abstract = {DNA pooling is a cost-effective approach for collecting information on marker allele frequency in genetic studies. It is often suggested as a screening tool to identify a subset of candidate markers from a very large number of markers to be followed up by more accurate and informative individual genotyping. In this article, we investigate several statistical properties and design issues related to this two-stage design, including the selection of the candidate markers for second-stage analysis, statistical power of this design, and the probability that truly disease-associated markers are ranked among the top after second-stage analysis. We have derived analytical results on the proportion of markers to be selected for second-stage analysis. For example, to detect disease-associated markers with an allele frequency difference of 0.05 between the cases and controls through an initial sample of 1000 cases and 1000 controls, our results suggest that when the measurement errors are small (0.005), approximately 3% of the markers should be selected. For the statistical power to identify disease-associated markers, we find that the measurement errors associated with DNA pooling have little effect on its power. This is in contrast to the one-stage pooling scheme where measurement errors may have large effect on statistical power. As for the probability that the disease-associated markers are ranked among the top in the second stage, we show that there is a high probability that at least one disease-associated marker is ranked among the top when the allele frequency differences between the cases and controls are not <0.05 for reasonably large sample sizes, even though the errors associated with DNA pooling in the first stage are not small. Therefore, the two-stage design with DNA pooling as a screening tool offers an efficient strategy in genomewide association studies, even when the measurement errors associated with DNA pooling are nonnegligible. For any disease model, we find that all the statistical results essentially depend on the population allele frequency and the allele frequency differences between the cases and controls at the disease-associated markers. The general conclusions hold whether the second stage uses an entirely independent sample or includes both the samples used in the first stage and an independent set of samples.},
affiliation = {Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, Michigan 48824, USA.},
number = {3},
pages = {1747--60},
volume = {173},
year = {2006},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Markers, Gene Pool, Algorithms, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Models: Genetic, Gene Frequency, DNA, Data Interpretation: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-01-16 21:04:56 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 21:04:57 +0100},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.105.042648},
pii = {genetics.105.042648},
pmid = {16624925},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3910},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zhu:2008p1661,
author = {J Zhu and T Cayton and L Weiss and A Gabel},
title = {WISC--IV Extended Norms},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-08 21:55:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-08 21:55:43 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zhu-2008-_WISC%E2%80%93IV%20Extended%20Nor.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1661},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Glas:2003b,
author = {C A W Glas and W J van der Linden},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {Computerized adaptive testing with item cloning},
pages = {249--263},
volume = {27},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Glas-2003-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_Computerized%20adaptiv.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1863},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zech:1999p14058,
author = {Emmanuelle Zech and Olivier Luminet and Bernard Rim{\'e} and Hugh Wagner},
journal = {European Journal of Personality},
title = {Alexithymia and its Measurement: Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire},
abstract = {Alexithymia refers to the difficulties an individual has in experiencing and expressing feelings. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ) with two parallel versions of 20 items have been constructed to measure it. The present study compared the psychometric properties of these two self-report questionnaires in English (N = 290) and French (N = 322) language versions. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the fit between the hypothesised factors and the data. Results revealed a better fit to the data for the second version of the BVAQ (BVAQ-20 B) for both language versions as compared to the TAS-20, the whole BVAQ, or the first version of the BVAQ (BVAQ-20 A). Additionally, the factor comparison of both language versions indicated that only the factorial structure of the BVAQ-20 B was replicable across languages. Concurrent validity of the questionnaires is discussed.},
pages = {511--532},
volume = {13},
year = {1999},
date-added = {2010-08-18 10:06:15 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-18 10:07:41 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zech-1999-European%20Journal%20of%20Personality_Alexithymia%20and%20its.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14058},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tugwell:2010p7371,
author = {Peter Tugwell and J Andre Knottnerus},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Advantages of individual patient data analysis in systematic reviews},
number = {3},
pages = {233--4},
volume = {63},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:34:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:34:24 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.12.005},
pii = {S0895-4356(09)00390-4},
pmid = {20152706},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tugwell-2010-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Advantages%20of%20indivi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7371},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Keller:2008p5529,
author = {Mark P Keller and YounJeong Choi and Ping Wang and Dawn Belt Davis and Mary E Rabaglia and Angie T Oler and Donald S Stapleton and Carmen Argmann and Kathy L Schueler and Steve Edwards and H Adam Steinberg and Elias Chaibub Neto and Robert Kleinhanz and Scott Turner and Marc K Hellerstein and Eric E Schadt and Brian S Yandell and Christina Kendziorski and Alan D Attie},
journal = {Genome Res},
title = {A gene expression network model of type 2 diabetes links cell cycle regulation in islets with diabetes susceptibility},
abstract = {Insulin resistance is necessary but not sufficient for the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes results when pancreatic beta-cells fail to compensate for insulin resistance by increasing insulin production through an expansion of beta-cell mass or increased insulin secretion. Communication between insulin target tissues and beta-cells may initiate this compensatory response. Correlated changes in gene expression between tissues can provide evidence for such intercellular communication. We profiled gene expression in six tissues of mice from an obesity-induced diabetes-resistant and a diabetes-susceptible strain before and after the onset of diabetes. We studied the correlation structure of mRNA abundance and identified 105 co-expression gene modules. We provide an interactive gene network model showing the correlation structure between the expression modules within and among the six tissues. This resource also provides a searchable database of gene expression profiles for all genes in six tissues in lean and obese diabetes-resistant and diabetes-susceptible mice, at 4 and 10 wk of age. A cell cycle regulatory module in islets predicts diabetes susceptibility. The module predicts islet replication; we found a strong correlation between (2)H(2)O incorporation into islet DNA in vivo and the expression pattern of the cell cycle module. This pattern is highly correlated with that of several individual genes in insulin target tissues, including Igf2, which has been shown to promote beta-cell proliferation, suggesting that these genes may provide a link between insulin resistance and beta-cell proliferation.},
affiliation = {Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53076, USA.},
number = {5},
pages = {706--16},
volume = {18},
year = {2008},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Glucose, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Male, Islets of Langerhans, Insulin, Obesity, Mice, Adipose Tissue, Aging, Cell Proliferation, Transcription: Genetic, Models: Genetic, Cell Cycle, Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2, RNA: Messenger, Gene Expression Regulation, Animals, Insulin-Secreting Cells},
date-added = {2010-02-12 15:29:01 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 15:29:01 +0100},
doi = {10.1101/gr.074914.107},
pii = {gr.074914.107},
pmid = {18347327},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Keller-2008-Genome%20Res_A%20gene%20expression%20ne.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5529},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Faul:2007p4293,
author = {F Faul and E Erdfelder and A G Lang and A Buchner},
journal = {Behavior research methods},
title = {G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences},
abstract = {G*Power (Erdfelder, Faul, {\&} Buchner, 1996) was designed as a general stand-alone power analysis program for statistical tests commonly used in social and behavioral research. G*Power 3 is a major extension of, and improvement over, the previous versions. It runs on widely used computer platforms (i.e., Windows XP, Win- dows Vista, and Mac OS X 10.4) and covers many different statistical tests of the t, F, and ␣2 test families. In addition, it includes power analyses for z tests and some exact tests. G*Power 3 provides improved effect size calculators and graphic options, supports both distribution-based and design-based input modes, and offers all types of power analyses in which users might be interested. Like its predecessors, G*Power 3 is free.},
number = {2},
pages = {175--191},
volume = {39},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-26 09:25:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:18:35 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Faul-2007-Behavior%20research%20methods_G*Power%203%20A%20flexibl.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4293},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{DeBoeck:2008p5952,
author = {Paul De Boeck},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Random item IRT models},
abstract = {It is common practice in IRT to consider items as fixed and persons as random. Both, continuous and categorical person parameters are most often random variables, whereas for items only continuous parameters are used and they are commonly of the fixed type, although exceptions occur. It is shown in the present article that random item parameters make sense theoretically, and that in practice the random item approach is promising to handle several issues, such as the measurement of persons, the explanation of item difficulties, and trouble shooting with respect to DIF. In correspondence with these issues, three parts are included. All three rely on the Rasch model as the simplest model to study, and the same data set is used for all applications. First, it is shown that the Rasch model with fixed persons and random items is an interesting measurement model, both, in theory, and for its goodness of fit. Second, the linear logistic test model with an error term is introduced, so that the explanation of the item difficulties based on the item properties does not need to be perfect. Finally, two more models are presented: the random item profile model (RIP) and the random item mixture model (RIM). In the RIP, DIF is not considered a discrete phenomenon, and when a robust regression approach based on the RIP difficulties is applied, quite good DIF identification results are obtained. In the RIM, no prior anchor sets are defined, but instead a latent DIF class of items is used, so that posterior anchoring is realized (anchoring based on the item mixture). It is shown that both approaches are promising for the identification of DIF.},
number = {4},
pages = {533--559},
volume = {73},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-02-18 23:22:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:12 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/De%20Boeck-2008-Psychometrika_Random%20item%20IRT%20mode-2.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5952},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Ng:2007p3507,
author = {Lydia Ng and Sayan D Pathak and Chihchau Kuan and Chris Lau and Hongwei Dong and Andrew Sodt and Chinh Dang and Brian Avants and Paul Yushkevich and James C Gee and David Haynor and Ed Lein and Allan Jones and Mike Hawrylycz},
journal = {IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform},
title = {Neuroinformatics for genome-wide 3D gene expression mapping in the mouse brain},
abstract = {Large scale gene expression studies in the mammalian brain offer the promise of understanding the topology, networks and ultimately the function of its complex anatomy, opening previously unexplored avenues in neuroscience. High-throughput methods permit genome-wide searches to discover genes that are uniquely expressed in brain circuits and regions that control behavior. Previous gene expression mapping studies in model organisms have employed situ hybridization (ISH), a technique that uses labeled nucleic acid probes to bind to specific mRNA transcripts in tissue sections. A key requirement for this effort is the development of fast and robust algorithms for anatomically mapping and quantifying gene expression for ISH. We describe a neuroinformatics pipeline for automatically mapping expression profiles of ISH data and its use to produce the first genomic scale 3-D mapping of gene expression in a mammalian brain. The pipeline is fully automated and adaptable to other organisms and tissues. Our automated study of over 20,000 genes indicates that at least 78.8 percent are expressed at some level in the adult C56BL/6J mouse brain. In addition to providing a platform for genomic scale search, high-resolution images and visualization tools for expression analysis are available at the Allen Brain Atlas web site (http://www.brain-map.org).},
affiliation = {Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. lydian@alleninstitute.org},
number = {3},
pages = {382--93},
volume = {4},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Brain, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Gene Expression Profiling, Neurosciences, Animals, Imaging: Three-Dimensional, Chromosome Mapping, Computational Biology, Microscopy: Fluorescence, Male, Mice, Mice: Inbred C57BL, Algorithms, In Situ Hybridization: Fluorescence},
date-added = {2010-01-15 15:45:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 15:45:37 +0100},
doi = {10.1109/tcbb.2007.1035},
pmid = {17666758},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3507},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lercher:2003p9576,
author = {P Lercher},
journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning},
title = {Which health outcomes should be measured in health related environmental quality of life studies?},
abstract = {Although both research fields share the term quality of life (QOL), the research on environmental quality of life (EQOL) and health related quality of life (HRQOL) has been completely separated from each other and use the term in a different way. Thus, the choice of instruments used in HRQOL may not easily fit in a project that requires the integration of instruments targeting a common construct of QOL.
Necessarily, the conceptual basis of the available instruments has to be evaluated beforehand. This paper discusses the problems surrounding conceptual issues in the selection and use of indicators to measure QOL in environmental and health related studies. Possible means to resolve these conceptual difficulties are outlined. The QOL models of Sen and Lindstr{\"o}m are identified as possible sources for that purpose. The conceptual basis of the SF-36 and the WHOQOL are described and checked for their suitability. One practical example of both integrated use of model and instruments in environmental health is presented. Finally, some minimal content requirements are derived. Instruments should cover: main domains and facets of health, contain a broad range of health expressions including positive health, be sensitive enough for the research question and indicators measured subjectively and objectively.},
pages = {63--72},
volume = {65},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-03-23 20:56:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-23 20:57:53 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lercher-2003-Landscape%20and%20Urban%20Planning_Which%20health%20outcome.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9576},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Harris:2009p10036,
author = {Laura W Harris and Helen E Lockstone and Phillipp Khaitovich and Cynthia Shannon Weickert and Maree J Webster and Sabine Bahn},
journal = {BMC medical genomics},
title = {Gene expression in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence: implications for the onset of schizophrenia},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many critical maturational processes take place in the human brain during postnatal development. In particular, the prefrontal cortex does not reach maturation until late adolescence and this stage is associated with substantial white matter volume increases. Patients with schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders tend to first present with overt symptoms during late adolescence/early adulthood and it has been proposed that this developmental stage represents a "window of vulnerability". METHODS: In this study we used whole genome microarrays to measure gene expression in post mortem prefrontal cortex tissue from human individuals ranging in age from 0 to 49 years. To identify genes specifically altered in the late adolescent period, we applied a template matching procedure. Genes were identified which showed a significant correlation to a template showing a peak of expression between ages 15 and 25. RESULTS: Approximately 2000 genes displayed an expression pattern that was significantly correlated (positively or negatively) with the template. In the majority of cases, these genes in fact reached a plateau during adolescence with only subtle changes thereafter. These include a number of genes previously associated with schizophrenia including the susceptibility gene neuregulin 1 (NRG1). Functional profiling revealed peak expression in late adolescence for genes associated with energy metabolism and protein and lipid synthesis, together with decreases for genes involved in glutamate and neuropeptide signalling and neuronal development/plasticity. Strikingly, eight myelin-related genes previously found decreased in schizophrenia brain tissue showed a peak in their expression levels in late adolescence, while the single myelin gene reported increased in patients with

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