text:
9C7022/Paper/p3387},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Glas:1988,
author = {C A W Glas},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {The derivation of some tests for the Rasch model from the multinomial distribution},
pages = {525--546},
volume = {53},
year = {1988},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Glas-1988-Psychometrika_The%20derivation%20of%20so.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2181},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Mackay:2004p11229,
author = {Trudy F C Mackay},
journal = {Curr Opin Genet Dev},
title = {The genetic architecture of quantitative traits: lessons from Drosophila},
abstract = {Understanding the genetic architecture of quantitative traits begins with identifying the genes regulating these traits, mapping the subset of genetically varying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in natural populations, and pinpointing the molecular polymorphisms defining QTL alleles. Studies in Drosophila have revealed large numbers of pleiotropic genes that interact epistatically to regulate quantitative traits, and large numbers of QTLs with sex-, environment- and genotype-specific effects. Multiple molecular polymorphisms in regulatory regions of candidate genes are often associated with variation for complex traits. These observations offer valuable lessons for understanding the genetic basis of variation for complex traits in other organisms, including humans.},
affiliation = {Department of Genetics, Campus Box 7614, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7614, USA. trudy_mackay@ncsu.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {253--7},
volume = {14},
year = {2004},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Drosophila, DNA Transposable Elements, Mutagenesis, Linkage Disequilibrium, Animals, Quantitative Trait Loci, Genetic Complementation Test, Chromosome Mapping},
date-added = {2010-04-25 21:30:38 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-25 21:30:38 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.gde.2004.04.003},
pii = {S0959437X04000498},
pmid = {15172667},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Mackay-2004-Curr%20Opin%20Genet%20Dev_The%20genetic%20architec.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11229},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Crane:2007p5961,
author = {Paul K Crane and Laura E Gibbons and Katja Ocepek-Welikson and Karon Cook and David Cella and Kaavya Narasimhalu and Ron D Hays and Jeanne A Teresi},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {A comparison of three sets of criteria for determining the presence of differential item functioning using ordinal logistic regression},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several techniques have been developed to detect differential item functioning (DIF), including ordinal logistic regression (OLR). This study compared different criteria for determining whether items have DIF using OLR. OBJECTIVES: To compare and contrast findings from three different sets of criteria for detecting DIF using OLR. General distress and physical functioning items were evaluated for DIF related to five covariates: age, marital status, gender, race, and Hispanic origin. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: 1,714 patients with cancer or HIV/AIDS. MEASURES: A total of 23 items addressing physical functioning and 15 items addressing general distress were selected from a pool of 154 items from four different health-related quality of life questionnaires. RESULTS: The three sets of criteria produced qualitatively and quantitatively different results. Criteria based on statistical significance alone detected DIF in almost all the items, while alternative criteria based on magnitude detected DIF in far fewer items. Accounting for DIF by using demographic-group specific item parameters had negligible effects on individual scores, except for race. CONCLUSIONS: Specific criteria chosen to determine whether items have DIF have an impact on the findings. Criteria based entirely on statistical significance may detect small differences that are clinically negligible.},
affiliation = {Department of Internal Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359780, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. pcrane@u.washington.edu},
pages = {69--84},
volume = {16 Suppl 1},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Quality of Life, Logistic Models, Neoplasms, Male, Models: Statistical, Cross-Sectional Studies, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Health Surveys, Middle Aged, HIV Infections, Questionnaires, Humans, Female, Psychometrics},
date-added = {2010-02-18 23:27:57 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-007-9185-5},
pmid = {17554640},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Crane-2007-Qual%20Life%20Res_A%20comparison%20of%20thre.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5961},
rating = {5}
}

@article{deVet:2003p7509,
author = {Henrica C W de Vet and Caroline B Terwee and Lex M Bouter},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Current challenges in clinimetrics},
abstract = {Clinimetrics is a methodologic discipline that focuses on the quality of clinical measurements, for example, diagnostic characteristics and disease outcomes. Different clinimetric properties, such as reproducibility and responsiveness, are important in both the development and the evaluation of measurement instruments. This article presents a number of the current challenges in clinimetrics: there is much confusion with regard to terminology, clinimetric properties are population and situation-dependent, and the abundance of different measurement instruments in specific fields hampers the comparison of study results. Further challenges lie in the improvement of the quality of both the measurement instruments and the performance of the actual measurements, and the assessment of the suitability for use in clinical practice. From the perspective of evidence-based medicine, it is essential to have measurement instruments that make it possible to detect clinically relevant improvements that are due to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Close collaboration between clinicians, statisticians, epidemiologists, and psychologists is necessary to guarantee healthy future developments in clinimetrics, serving the needs of both clinical research and clinical practice.},
affiliation = {Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. HCW.de.Vet@vumc.nl},
number = {12},
pages = {1137--41},
volume = {56},
year = {2003},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Medical Informatics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Health Status, Terminology as Topic, Humans, Psychometrics},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:49:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:49:18 +0100},
pii = {S0895435603003573},
pmid = {14680660},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/de%20Vet-2003-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Current%20challenges%20i.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7509},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Savia:2005p12882,
author = {E Savia and K Puolam{\"a}ki and J Sinkkonen and S Kaski},
journal = {UAI},
title = {Two-Way Latent Grouping Model for User Preference Prediction},
abstract = {We introduce a novel latent grouping model for predicting the relevance of a new docu- ment to a user. The model assumes a la- tent group structure for both users and doc- uments. We compared the model against a state-of-the-art method, the User Rating Profile model, where only users have a latent group structure. We estimate both models by Gibbs sampling. The new method pre- dicts relevance more accurately for new doc- uments that have few known ratings. The reason is that generalization over documents then becomes necessary and hence the two- way grouping is profitable.},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-06-24 13:08:52 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-24 13:10:23 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Savia-2005-UAI_Two-Way%20Latent%20Group.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12882},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dudbridge:2008p3356,
author = {Frank Dudbridge and Arief Gusnanto},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Estimation of significance thresholds for genomewide association scans},
abstract = {The question of what significance threshold is appropriate for genomewide association studies is somewhat unresolved. Previous theoretical suggestions have yet to be validated in practice, whereas permutation testing does not resolve a discrepancy between the genomewide multiplicity of the experiment and the subset of markers actually tested. We used genotypes from the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium to estimate a genomewide significance threshold for the UK Caucasian population. We subsampled the genotypes at increasing densities, using permutation to estimate the nominal P-value for 5% family-wise error. By extrapolating to infinite density, we estimated the genomewide significance threshold to be about 7.2 x 10(-8). To reduce the computation time, we considered Patterson's eigenvalue estimator of the effective number of tests, but found it to be an order of magnitude too low for multiplicity correction. However, by fitting a Beta distribution to the minimum P-value from permutation replicates, we showed that the effective number is a useful heuristic and suggest that its estimation in this context is an open problem. We conclude that permutation is still needed to obtain genomewide significance thresholds, but with subsampling, extrapolation and estimation of an effective number of tests, the threshold can be standardized for all studies of the same population.},
affiliation = {MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom. frank.dudbridge@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk},
number = {3},
pages = {227--34},
volume = {32},
year = {2008},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Markers, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Great Britain, Genotype, Case-Control Studies, Genome: Human, Humans},
date-added = {2010-01-15 14:38:01 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 14:38:01 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20297},
pmid = {18300295},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3356},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Suhara:2001p12155,
author = {T Suhara and F Yasuno and Y Sudo and M Yamamoto and M Inoue and Y Okubo and K Suzuki},
journal = {Neuroimage},
title = {Dopamine D2 receptors in the insular cortex and the personality trait of novelty seeking},
abstract = {Human personality has been considered to have a neurochemical background. We examined the relation between extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in living human brain and the personality trait of novelty seeking that has been proposed to be related to dopaminergic function in the brain. We measured extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors of 24 healthy young male subjects using [(11)C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography. The personality trait of each subject was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Correlation of dopamine D2 receptor binding with novelty seeking was calculated using region-of-interest analysis and statistical parametric mapping based on the binding potential images generated using a reference tissue model. A significant negative correlation was observed between binding potential values and the novelty seeking scores on TCI in the right insular cortex. No significant correlation was observed in any other region. Our result indicates that there is a significant association between dopamine D2 receptor binding and the human novelty seeking trait in the right insular cortex.},
affiliation = {Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 9-1, Anagawa 4-Chome, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.},
number = {5},
pages = {891--5},
volume = {13},
year = {2001},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Tomography: Emission-Computed, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Male, Regional Blood Flow, Humans, Exploratory Behavior, Arousal, Dominance: Cerebral, Image Processing: Computer-Assisted, Adult, Personality, Receptors: Dopamine D2},
date-added = {2010-05-30 10:36:48 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-30 10:36:51 +0200},
doi = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0761},
pii = {S1053-8119(01)90761-X},
pmid = {11304084},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Suhara-2001-Neuroimage_Dopamine%20D2%20receptor.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12155},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Luaces:2009p1529,
author = {Oscar Luaces and Francisco Taboada and Guillermo M Albaiceta and Luis A Dom{\'\i}nguez and Pedro Enr{\'\i}quez and Antonio Bahamonde and GRECIA Group},
journal = {Artif Intell Med},
title = {Predicting the probability of survival in intensive care unit patients from a small number of variables and training examples},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Survival probability predictions in critically ill patients are mainly used to measure the efficacy of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. The available models are functions induced from data on thousands of patients. Eventually, some of the variables used for these purposes are not part of the clinical routine, and may not be registered in some patients. In this paper, we propose a new method to build scoring functions able to make reliable predictions, though functions whose induction only requires records from a small set of patients described by a few variables. METHODS: We present a learning method based on the use of support vector machines (SVM), and a detailed study of its prediction performance, in different contexts, of groups of variables defined according to the source of information: monitoring devices, laboratory findings, and demographic and diagnostic features. RESULTS: We employed a data set collected in general ICUs at 10 units of hospitals in Spain, 6 of which include coronary patients, while the other 4 do not treat coronary diseases. The total number of patients considered in our study was 2501, 19.83% of whom did not survive. Using these data, we report a comparison between the SVM method proposed here with other approaches based on logistic regression (LR), including a second-level recalibration of release III of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE, a scoring system commonly used in ICUs) induced from the available data. The SVM method significantly outperforms them all from a statistical point of view. Comparison with the commercial version of APACHE III shows that the SVM scores are slightly better when working with data sets of more than 500 patients. CONCLUSIONS: From a practical point of view, the implications of the research reported here may be helpful to address the construction of cheap and reliable prediction systems in accordance with the peculiarities of ICUs and kinds of patients.},
affiliation = {Artificial Intelligence Center, Universidad de Oviedo at Gij{\'o}n, Gij{\'o}n, Asturias, Spain. oluaces@aic.uniovi.es},
number = {1},
pages = {63--76},
volume = {45},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Survival, Models: Theoretical, Learning, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Probability},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:05:50 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:17:26 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.artmed.2008.11.005},
pii = {S0933-3657(08)00176-0},
pmid = {19185475},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Luaces-2009-Artif%20Intell%20Med_Predicting%20the%20proba.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1529},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zhang:2008p6635,
author = {Zhaogong Zhang and Shuanglin Zhang and Man-Yu Wong and Nicholas J Wareham and Qiuying Sha},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {An ensemble learning approach jointly modeling main and interaction effects in genetic association studies},
abstract = {Complex diseases are presumed to be the results of interactions of several genes and environmental factors, with each gene only having a small effect on the disease. Thus, the methods that can account for gene-gene interactions to search for a set of marker loci in different genes or across genome and to analyze these loci jointly are critical. In this article, we propose an ensemble learning approach (ELA) to detect a set of loci whose main and interaction effects jointly have a significant association with the trait. In the ELA, we first search for "base learners" and then combine the effects of the base learners by a linear model. Each base learner represents a main effect or an interaction effect. The result of the ELA is easy to interpret. When the ELA is applied to analyze a data set, we can get a final model, an overall P-value of the association test between the set of loci involved in the final model and the trait, and an importance measure for each base learner and each marker involved in the final model. The final model is a linear combination of some base learners. We know which base learner represents a main effect and which one represents an interaction effect. The importance measure of each base learner or marker can tell us the relative importance of the base learner or marker in the final model. We used intensive simulation studies as well as a real data set to evaluate the performance of the ELA. Our simulation studies demonstrated that the ELA is more powerful than the single-marker test in all the simulation scenarios. The ELA also outperformed the other three existing multi-locus methods in almost all cases. In an application to a large-scale case-control study for Type 2 diabetes, the ELA identified 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms that have a significant multi-locus effect (P-value=0.01), while none of the single nucleotide polymorphisms showed significant marginal effects and none of the two-locus combinations showed significant two-locus interaction effects.},
affiliation = {Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA.},
number = {4},
pages = {285--300},
volume = {32},
year = {2008},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Epidemiologic Methods, Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Logistic Models, Biometry, Regression Analysis, Humans, Epistasis: Genetic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2, Models: Genetic},
date-added = {2010-03-03 20:35:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-03 20:35:06 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20304},
pmid = {18205210},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6635},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zhang:2009p1516,
author = {Z Zhang and M I Jordan},
title = {Latent Variable Models for Dimensionality Reduction},
abstract = {Principal coordinate analysis (PCO), a dual of principal component analysis (PCA), is a classical method for exploratory data analysis. In this paper we provide a probabilistic interpretation of PCO. We show that this interpretation yields a maximum likelihood procedure for estimating the PCO parameters and we also present an iterative expectation-maximization algorithm for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates. Finally, we show that our framework yields a probabilistic formulation of kernel PCA.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-07 13:10:48 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 13:12:14 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zhang-2009-_Latent%20Variable%20Mode.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1516},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hauser:2004p4535,
author = {Winfried H{\"a}user and Christoph Zimmer and Peter Schiedermaier and Daniel Grandt},
journal = {Psychosom Med},
title = {Biopsychosocial predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess biopsychosocial predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: In 94 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C attending a liver center, HRQOL was assessed by the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) and by the German version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. The predictive effect on HRQOL of disease-related worries measured by the worry subscale of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, psychiatric comorbidity (defined by at least one Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale German Version Score > or =11), the Child-Pugh score in case of cirrhosis, interferon therapy, and active medical comorbidities was assessed by a multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: From 88 patients (age, 48.6 +/- 14.6 years; 50% female), 62 (70%) had no cirrhosis, 15 (17%) Child A, 5 (6%) Child B, and 6 patients (7%) Child C cirrhosis. The mental summary score of SF-36 was predicted by the amount of disease-related worries (corrected R2 = 0.33; beta = 3.2; p < .001) and psychiatric comorbidity (corrected R2 = 0.42; beta = -9.0; p < .001), by the physical summary score of SF-36 by the amount of disease related worries (corrected R2 = 0.33; beta = 4.0; p < .001), and by the number of active medical comorbidities (corrected R2 = 0.39; beta = -2.0; p = .006). CONCLUSIONS: The HRQOL in chronic hepatitis C is not determined by the severity of the liver disease but by psychiatric and medical comorbidities and disease-related worries.},
affiliation = {Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbr{\"u}cken gGmbH, Winterberg 1,D-66119 Saarbruecken, Germany. whaeuser@klinikum-saarbruecken.de},
number = {6},
pages = {954--8},
volume = {66},
year = {2004},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Hepatitis C: Chronic, Depressive Disorder, Male, Female, Attitude to Health, Health Surveys, Questionnaires, Predictive Value of Tests, Health Status, Severity of Illness Index, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Anxiety Disorders, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Adult, Comorbidity},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:24:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-29 22:24:18 +0100},
doi = {10.1097/01.psy.0000145824.82125.a8},
pii = {66/6/954},
pmid = {15564364},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/H%C3%A4user-2004-Psychosom%20Med_Biopsychosocial%20pred.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4535},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Grove:2000p13765,
author = {W M Grove and D H Zald and B S Lebow and B E Snitz and C Nelson},
journal = {Psychol Assess},
title = {Clinical versus mechanical prediction: a meta-analysis},
abstract = {The process of making judgments and decisions requires a method for combining data. To compare the accuracy of clinical and mechanical (formal, statistical) data-combination techniques, we performed a meta-analysis on studies of human health and behavior. On average, mechanical-prediction techniques were about 10% more accurate than clinical predictions. Depending on the specific analysis, mechanical prediction substantially outperformed clinical prediction in 33%-47% of studies examined. Although clinical predictions were often as accurate as mechanical predictions, in only a few studies (6%-16%) were they substantially more accurate. Superiority for mechanical-prediction techniques was consistent, regardless of the judgment task, type of judges, judges' amounts of experience, or the types of data being combined. Clinical predictions performed relatively less well when predictors included clinical interview data. These data indicate that mechanical predictions of human behaviors are equal or superior to clinical prediction methods for a wide range of circumstances.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0344, USA. william.m.grove-1@tc.umn.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {19--30},
volume = {12},
year = {2000},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Mathematical Computing, Reproducibility of Results, Diagnosis: Computer-Assisted, Decision Making: Computer-Assisted},
date-added = {2010-07-28 23:07:46 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:45:39 +0200},
pmid = {10752360},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Grove-2000-Psychol%20Assess_Clinical%20versus%20mech.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13765},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Junker:2000a,
author = {Brian W Junker and Klaas Sijtsma},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Nonparametric IRT in Action: An overview of the special issue},
year = {2000},
month = {Dec},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Junker-2000-Miscellaneous_Nonparametric%20IRT%20in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1908},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rizopoulos:2010p10897,
author = {D Rizopoulos},
journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
title = {JM: An R Package for the Joint Modelling of Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Data},
abstract = {In longitudinal studies measurements are often collected on different types of outcomes for each subject. These may include several longitudinally measured responses (such as blood values relevant to the medical condition under study) and the time at which an event of particular interest occurs (e.g., death, development of a disease or dropout from the study). These outcomes are often separately analyzed; however, in many instances, a joint modeling approach is either required or may produce a better insight into the mechanisms that underlie the phenomenon under study. In this paper we present the R package JM that fits joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data.},
date-added = {2010-04-11 13:44:30 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-11 13:45:53 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rizopoulos--Journal%20of%20Statistical%20Software_JM%20An%20R%20Package%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10897},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Naughton:1993p10691,
author = {M J Naughton and I Wiklund},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {A critical review of dimension-specific measures of health-related quality of life in cross-cultural research},
abstract = {This article reviews six dimension-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures which have been used cross-culturally. The instruments reviewed are: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ); the Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression (CES-D); the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS); the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ); and the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB). These instruments primarily represent the psychological or emotional dimension of HRQL, and are scales that were developed and validated in the USA, Canada or the UK. The review of specific studies for each of the six instruments was not meant to be exhaustive, but rather to give an indication of the ways in which the instruments have been assessed or used in various countries. The focus throughout this article is on the psychometric properties (reliability, validity and responsiveness) of these scales in different cultures, as well as the processes used to translate the instruments from English into another language. Implications of the results of this review for cross-cultural use of dimension-specific HRQL instruments are drawn.},
affiliation = {Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.},
number = {6},
pages = {397--432},
volume = {2},
year = {1993},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Quality of Life, Health Surveys, Reproducibility of Results, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Questionnaires, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Research, Translating, Language, Humans, Psychometrics},
date-added = {2010-04-07 11:57:41 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:29 +0200},
pmid = {8161976},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Naughton-1993-Qual%20Life%20Res_A%20critical%20review%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10691},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Alonso:2010p6906,
author = {Ariel Alonso and Annouschka Laenen and Geert Molenberghs and Helena Geys and Tony Vangeneugden},
journal = {Biometrics},
title = {A Unified Approach to Multi-item Reliability},
abstract = {Summary. The reliability of multi-item scales has received a lot of attention in the psychometric literature, where a myriad of measures like the Cronbach's alpha or the Spearman-Brown formula have been proposed. Most of these measures, however, are based on very restrictive models that apply only to unidimensional instruments. In this article, we introduce two measures to quantify the reliability of multi-item scales based on a more general model. We show that they capture two different aspects of the reliability problem and satisfy a minimum set of intuitive properties. The relevance and complementary value of the measures is studied and earlier approaches are placed in a broader theoretical framework. Finally, we apply them to investigate the reliability of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, a rating scale for the assessment of the severity of schizophrenia.},
affiliation = {Center for Statistics, Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1, B3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-06 12:22:08 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 12:22:10 +0100},
doi = {10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01373.x},
pii = {BIOM1373},
pmid = {20070298},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Alonso-2010-Biometrics_A%20Unified%20Approach%20t-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6906},
rating = {3}
}

@inproceedings{Mojduszka:2000,
author = {E M Mojduszka and J A Caswell and J M Harris},
journal = {Proceedings},
title = {Consumer Choice of Food Products and the Implications for Price Competition and Government Labeling Policy},
year = {2000},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Mojduszka-2000-Proceedings_Consumer%20Choice%20of%20F.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1864},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Devlin:1999p11223,
author = {B Devlin and K Roeder},
journal = {Biometrics},
title = {Genomic control for association studies},
abstract = {A dense set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) covering the genome and an efficient method to assess SNP genotypes are expected to be available in the near future. An outstanding question is how to use these technologies efficiently to identify genes affecting liability to complex disorders. To achieve this goal, we propose a statistical method that has several optimal properties: It can be used with case control data and yet, like family-based designs, controls for population heterogeneity; it is insensitive to the usual violations of model assumptions, such as cases failing to be strictly independent; and, by using Bayesian outlier methods, it circumvents the need for Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, leading to better performance in many settings while still constraining risk for false positives. The performance of our genomic control method is quite good for plausible effects of liability genes, which bodes well for future genetic analyses of complex disorders.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. devlinbj@msx.upmc.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {997--1004},
volume = {55},
year = {1999},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Models: Statistical, Case-Control Studies, Bayes Theorem, Models: Genetic, Humans, Genome: Human, Biometry, Genetic Techniques},
date-added = {2010-04-25 21:28:03 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-25 21:28:03 +0200},
pmid = {11315092},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Devlin-1999-Biometrics_Genomic%20control%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11223},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Costenbader:2007p4553,
author = {Elizabeth C Costenbader and William A Zule and Curtis M Coomes},
journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},
title = {The impact of illicit drug use and harmful drinking on quality of life among injection drug users at high risk for hepatitis C infection},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Heavy alcohol use, hepatitis C and illicit drug use each have been shown to have negative impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQL). To date, considerations of HRQL have not played a prominent role in the design and measurement of intervention strategies for out-of-treatment at-risk populations. METHODS: Data were collected from out-of-treatment IDUs recruited through street outreach in North Carolina. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the independent effects of HCV status, harmful drinking (AUDIT), and illicit drug use on HRQL (SF-36). RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of 619 study participants tested HCV-positive; 57% met criteria for harmful or hazardous drinking and 63% reported daily use of hard drugs. HRQL scores for this population were significantly lower than those of the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that harmful levels of alcohol consumption and use of methamphetamine in the past month had the strongest associations with reduced HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high rates of HCV in most IDU communities, new harm reduction approaches are needed for these populations which focus beyond prevention to the functioning and well being of those already infected. In particular, reducing heavy alcohol use in addition to slowing HCV progression shows promise for improving HRQL.},
affiliation = {Substance Abuse Treatment, Evaluations and Interventions (SATEI), RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. ecostenbader@rti.org},
number = {2-3},
pages = {251--8},
volume = {89},
year = {2007},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adult, Male, Female, Risk-Taking, Community-Institutional Relations, Health Surveys, Street Drugs, Methamphetamine, Hepatitis C, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Humans, North Carolina, Substance-Related Disorders, Middle Aged, Substance Abuse: Intravenous, Quality of Life, Alcoholism},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:32:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-29 22:32:18 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.01.006},
pii = {S0376-8716(07)00028-2},
pmid = {17320314},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Costenbader-2007-Drug%20Alcohol%20Depend_The%20impact%20of%20illici.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4553},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Havas:2010p13260,
author = {Jano Havas and Hans Bosma and Cor Spreeuwenberg and Frans J Feron},
journal = {Eur J Public Health},
title = {Mental health problems of Dutch adolescents: the association with adolescents' and their parents' educational level},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We studied the hypothesis of socioeconomic equalization regarding adolescents' mental health problems by examining whether a low educational level of adolescents and their parents shows independent (cumulative) or dependent (including interactive) associations with adolescents' mental health problems, or whether equalization occurred. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the preventive Youth Health Care Centre in a relatively deprived Dutch former mining area. Participants were 1861 adolescents aged 13 or 14 years (response rate 71.7%). The self-administered Dutch version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to identify adolescents' mental health problems. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations, and linear regression models to check the robustness of the findings. RESULTS: A low educational level of adolescents was strongly related to their mental health problems (OR = 5.37; 95% CI: 3.31-8.70). The initially high odds ratios for adolescents with low-educated parents (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.14-2.59) disappeared after controlling for the adolescents' own educational level (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.73-1.74). In terms of interactions, no specifically increased odds were found, e.g. for low-educated adolescents with high-educated parents. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence for socioeconomic equalization regarding adolescents' mental health problems. Lower educated adolescents had substantially higher odds of having mental health problems, regardless of their parents' education. The odds may be affected by differences in intelligence and life events. Youth healthcare workers should collaborate closely with schools to intervene in time, particularly among low-educated adolescents. More interventions are probably needed to reduce these major inequities.},
affiliation = {Department of Social Medicine, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. jano.havas@socmed.unimaas.nl},
number = {3},
pages = {258--64},
volume = {20},
year = {2010},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-07-01 18:20:04 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 18:20:07 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckp172},
pii = {ckp172},
pmid = {19887517},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Havas-2010-Eur%20J%20Public%20Health_Mental%20health%20proble.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13260},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Blakemore:2008p4829,
author = {Sarah-Jayne Blakemore},
journal = {Q J Exp Psychol (Colchester)},
title = {Development of the social brain during adolescence},
abstract = {Adolescence is usually defined as the period of psychological and social transition between childhood and adulthood. The beginning of adolescence, around the onset of puberty, is characterized by large hormonal and physical changes. The transition from childhood to adulthood is also characterized by psychological changes in terms of identity, self-consciousness, and cognitive flexibility. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that various regions of the human brain undergo development during adolescence and beyond. Some of the brain regions that undergo particularly protracted development are involved in social cognitive function in adults. In the first section of this paper, I briefly describe evidence for a circumscribed network of brain regions involved in understanding other people. Next, I describe evidence that some of these brain regions undergo structural development during adolescence. Finally, I discuss recent studies that have investigated social cognitive development during adolescence.},
affiliation = {Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK. s.blakemore@ucl.ac.uk},
number = {1},
pages = {40--9},
volume = {61},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Cognition, Adolescent, Social Behavior, Adolescent Behavior, Humans, Social Perception, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Human Development, Brain},
date-added = {2010-02-01 20:21:57 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-01 20:21:57 +0100},
doi = {10.1080/17470210701508715},
pii = {787077281},
pmid = {18038337},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4829},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cooper:2009p9594,
author = {Jeffrey C Cooper and Nick G Hollon and G Elliott Wimmer and Brian Knutson},
journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},
title = {Available alternative incentives modulate anticipatory nucleus accumbens activation},
abstract = {A reward or punishment can seem better or worse depending on what else might have happened. Little is known, however, about how neural representations of an anticipated incentive might be influenced by the available alternatives. We used event-related FMRI to investigate the activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), while we varied the available alternative incentives in a monetary incentive delay task. Some task blocks included only uncertain gains and losses; others included the same uncertain gains and losses intermixed with certain gains and losses. The availability of certain gains and losses increased NAcc activation for uncertain losses and decreased the difference between uncertain gains and losses. We suggest that this pattern of activation can result from reference point changes across blocks, and that the worst available loss may serve as an important anchor for NAcc activation. These findings imply that NAcc activation represents anticipated incentive value relative to the current context of available alternative gains and losses.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jcooper@stanford.edu},
note = {genim},
number = {4},
pages = {409--16},
volume = {4},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Reinforcement Schedule, Adult, Reaction Time, Male, Adolescent, Oxygen, Brain Mapping, Female, Decision Making, Nucleus Accumbens, Reward, Time Factors, Humans, Cues, Young Adult, Analysis of Variance, Motivation, Image Processing: Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
date-added = {2010-03-25 14:38:05 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:50:15 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/scan/nsp031},
pii = {nsp031},
pmid = {19843618},
URL = {http://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/4/409.long},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cooper-2009-Soc%20Cogn%20Affect%20Neurosci_Available%20alternativ.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9594},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kato:2009p5044,
author = {Mamoru Kato and Takahisa Kawaguchi and Shumpei Ishikawa and Takayoshi Umeda and Reiichiro Nakamichi and Michael H Shapero and Keith W Jones and Yusuke Nakamura and Hiroyuki Aburatani and Tatsuhiko Tsunoda},
journal = {Hum Mol Genet},
title = {Population-genetic nature of copy number variations in the human genome},
abstract = {Copy number variations (CNVs) are universal genetic variations, and their association with disease has been increasingly recognized. We designed high-density microarrays for CNVs, and detected 3000-4000 CNVs (4-6% of the genomic sequence) per population that included CNVs previously missed because of smaller sizes and residing in segmental duplications. The patterns of CNVs across individuals were surprisingly simple at the kilo-base scale, suggesting the applicability of a simple genetic analysis for these genetic loci. We utilized the probabilistic theory to determine integer copy numbers of CNVs and employed a recently developed phasing tool to estimate the population frequencies of integer copy number alleles and CNV-SNP haplotypes. The results showed a tendency toward a lower frequency of CNV alleles and that most of our CNVs were explained only by zero-, one- and two-copy alleles. Using the estimated population frequencies, we found several CNV regions with exceptionally high population differentiation. Investigation of CNV-SNP linkage disequilibrium (LD) for 500-900 bi- and multi-allelic CNVs per population revealed that previous conflicting reports on bi-allelic LD were unexpectedly consistent and explained by an LD increase correlated with deletion-allele frequencies. Typically, the bi-allelic LD was lower than SNP-SNP LD, whereas the multi-allelic LD was somewhat stronger than the bi-allelic LD. After further investigation of tag SNPs for CNVs, we conclude that the customary tagging strategy for disease association studies can be applicable for common deletion CNVs, but direct interrogation is needed for other types of CNVs.},
affiliation = {Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-02-05 20:00:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:28:52 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddp541},
pii = {ddp541},
pmid = {19966329},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kato-2009-Hum%20Mol%20Genet_Population-genetic%20n.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5044},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nepveu:1980p7756,
author = {G Nepveu},
journal = {Ann Sci forest},
title = {Seuils de signification des coefficients de corr{\'e}lation g{\'e}notypique, ph{\'e}notypique et environnementale. Etude du cas d'un test clonal},
abstract = {Cet article est une application tr{\`e}s simple de recherches d{\'e}velopp{\'e}es par Tallis et Scheinberg. Il rappelle l'expression de la variance d'{\'e}chantillonnage de l'estimation de coefficients de corr{\'e}-
lation (g{\'e}n{\'e}tique,g{\'e}notypique,due{\`a}l'environnement,ph{\'e}notypique)obtenusen analysede variance- covariance.
Il particularise au cas d'un test clonal et montre que l'on commet une erreur parfois importante en
jugeant la signification des corr{\'e}lations g{\'e}notypique et ph{\'e}notypique uniquement {\`a} l'aide des caract{\'e}- ristiques du dispositif : nombre de clones, nombre d'individus par clone.},
number = {1},
pages = {1--18},
volume = {37},
year = {1980},
date-added = {2010-03-17 20:52:00 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-17 20:52:44 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Nepveu-1980-Ann%20Sci%20forest_Seuils%20de%20significat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7756},
rating = {0}
}

@book{Thomas2004,
author = {D C Thomas},
journal = {Book},
title = {Statistical Methods in Genetic Epidemiology},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-01-12 14:26:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 14:26:52 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2533},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bevilacqua:2009p3094,
author = {L Bevilacqua and D Goldman},
journal = {Clin Pharmacol Ther},
title = {Genes and addictions},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.},
number = {4},
pages = {359--61},
volume = {85},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Diseases in Twins, Behavior: Addictive, Quantitative Trait: Heritable, Animals},
date-added = {2010-01-14 19:56:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 19:56:24 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/clpt.2009.6},
pii = {clpt20096},
pmid = {19295534},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3094},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Ariagno:1997p7929,
author = {R L Ariagno and E B Thoman and M A Boeddiker and B Kugener and J C Constantinou and M Mirmiran and R B Baldwin},
journal = {Pediatrics},
title = {Developmental care does not alter sleep and development of premature infants},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care Program (NIDCAP) for very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants has been suggested by Als et al to improve several medical outcome variables such as time on ventilator, time to nipple feed, the duration of hospital stay, better behavioral performance on Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior (APIB), and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. We have tested the hypothesis of whether the infants who had received NIDCAP would show advanced sleep-wake pattern, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS: Thirty-five VLBW infants were randomly assigned to receive NIDCAP or routine infant care. The goals for NIDCAP intervention were to enhance comfort and stability and to reduce stress and agitation for the preterm infants by: a) altering the environment by decreasing excess light and noise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and by using covers over the incubators and cribs; b) use of positioning aids such as boundary supports, nests, and buntings to promote a balance of flexion and extension postures; c) modification of direct hands-on caregiving to maximize preparation of infants for, tolerance of, and facilitation of recovery from interventions; d) promotion of self-regulatory behaviors such as holding on, grasping, and sucking; e) attention to the readiness for and the ability to take oral feedings; and f) involving parents in the care of their infants as much as possible. The infants' sleep was recorded at 36 weeks postconceptional age (PCA) and at 3 months corrected age (CA) using the Motility Monitoring System (MMS), an automated, nonintrusive procedure for determining sleep state from movement and respiration patterns. Behavioral and developmental outcome was assessed by the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI) at 36 weeks PCA, the APIB at 42 weeks PCA, and by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) at 4, 12, and 24 months CA. RESULTS: Sleep developmental measures at 3 months CA showed a clear developmental change compared with 36 weeks PCA. These include: increased amount of quiet sleep, reduced active sleep and indeterminate sleep, decreased arousal, and transitions during sleep. Longest sleep period at night showed a clear developmental effect (increased) when comparing nighttime sleep pattern of infants at 3 months with those at 36 weeks of age. Day-night rhythm of sleep-wake increased significantly from 36 weeks PCA to 3 months CA. However, neither of these sleep developmental changes showed any significant effects of NIDCAP intervention. Although all APIB measures showed better organized behavior in NIDCAP patients, neither NAPI nor Bayley showed any developmental advantages for the intervention group. The neurodevelopmental outcome measured by the Bayley at 4, 12, and 24 months CA showed 64% of the NIDCAP intervention group at the lowest possible score compared with 33% of the control group. These findings could not be explained by the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage or the socioeconomic status of the parents, which showed no significant group effect. CONCLUSION: The results of this study, including measures of sleep maturation and neurodevelopmental outcome up to 2 years of age did not demonstrate that the NIDCAP intervention results in increased maturity or development. Buehler et al (Pediatrics. 1995;96:923-932) have reported that premature infants (N = 12; mean gestational age 32 weeks, mean birth weight 1700 g) who received developmental care compared with a similar group of infants who received routine care showed better organized behavioral performance on an APIB assessment at 42 weeks PCA. None of the medical outcome measures were significantly different in this study. Although our APIB results are in agreement, the results of the NAPI, the Bayley and sleep measures do not show an increase in neurodevelopmental maturation. In the earlier report by Als et al (Journal of the American Medical Associatio},
affiliation = {Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5119, USA.},
number = {6},
pages = {E9},
volume = {100},
year = {1997},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child Development, Monitoring: Physiologic, Adult, Intensive Care Units: Neonatal, Sleep, Maternal Age, Infant: Newborn, Infant Care, Infant: Very Low Birth Weight, Infant Behavior, Humans, Infant: Premature, Female},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:22:38 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:22:38 +0100},
pmid = {9382910},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ariagno-1997-Pediatrics_Developmental%20care%20d.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7929},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Spradling:2006p2910,
author = {Allan Spradling and Barry Ganetsky and Phil Hieter and Mark Johnston and Maynard Olson and Terry Orr-Weaver and Janet Rossant and Alejandro Sanchez and Robert Waterston},
journal = {Genetics},
title = {New roles for model genetic organisms in understanding and treating human disease: report from the 2006 Genetics Society of America meeting},
abstract = {Fundamental biological knowledge and the technology to acquire it have been immeasurably advanced by past efforts to understand and manipulate the genomes of model organisms. Has the utility of bacteria, yeast, worms, flies, mice, plants, and other models now peaked and are humans poised to become the model organism of the future? The Genetics Society of America recently convened its 2006 meeting entitled "Genetic Analysis: Model Organisms to Human Biology" to examine the future role of genetic research. (Because of time limitations, the meeting was unable to cover the substantial contributions and future potential of research on model prokaryotic organisms.) In fact, the potential of model-organism-based studies has grown substantially in recent years. The genomics revolution has revealed an underlying unity between the cells and tissues of eukaryotic organisms from yeast to humans. No uniquely human biological mechanisms have yet come to light. This common evolutionary heritage makes it possible to use genetically tractable organisms to model important aspects of human medical disorders such as cancer, birth defects, neurological dysfunction, reproductive failure, malnutrition, and aging in systems amenable to rapid and powerful experimentation. Applying model systems in this way will allow us to identify common genes, proteins, and processes that underlie human medical conditions. It will allow us to systematically decipher the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions that influence complex multigenic disorders. Above all, disease models have the potential to address a growing gap between our ability to collect human genetic data and to productively interpret and apply it. If model organism research is supported with these goals in mind, we can look forward to diagnosing and treating human disease using information from multiple systems and to a medical science built on the unified history of life on earth.},
affiliation = {Department of Embryology/HHMI, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. spradling@ciwemb.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {2025--32},
volume = {172},
year = {2006},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Variation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Stem Cells, Schizosaccharomyces, Epigenesis: Genetic, Humans, Animals, Models: Animal, Genetics, Models: Genetic},
date-added = {2010-01-13 15:02:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:27:13 +0200},
pii = {172/4/2025},
pmid = {16636111},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Spradling-2006-Genetics_New%20roles%20for%20model.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2910},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Henkel:2001p12854,
author = {V Henkel and R Mergl and G Juckel and D Rujescu and P Mavrogiorgou and I Giegling and H M{\"o}ller and U Hegerl},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
title = {Assessment of handedness using a digitizing tablet: a new method},
abstract = {The assessment of handedness is of interest in some psychiatric populations, above all in schizophrenic patients, because there may be a relationship between neurodevelopmental, hemispheric damage and psychiatric disease processes (Crow TJ. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1990;16:433-443; Tyler M, Diamond J, Lewis S. Schizophrenia Research 1995;18:37-41). Various methods to assess handedness have been proposed. In order to detect the most precise instrument for the assessment of handedness, two different measures, a questionnaire and a computational procedure for movement analysis, were compared in a group of healthy subjects. The ability of the methods to discriminate not only between the groups of right-handers (n=12) and left-handers (n=23), but also between left-handers trained in school to use the non-dominant right hand ('inconsistent' left-handers; n=11) and those allowed to use their left hand for writing ('consistent' left-handers; n=12) was investigated. For future investigations, our main concern was to determine if one method had superiority over the other. The results revealed that the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) distinguishes just as well as the computational method between right-handers and non-right-handers. However, more precise discrimination between the subgroups of 'consistent' and 'inconsistent' left-handers is possible using digitized analysis of hand-motor performance. According to our results handedness should be assessed not only with the EHI, but also with the computer-aided analysis of hand-movements.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. vhenkel@psy.med.uni-muenchen.de},
number = {11},
pages = {1158--66},
volume = {39},
year = {2001},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Brain, Sensitivity and Specificity, Male, Humans, Schizophrenic Psychology, Psychomotor Performance, Adult, Neuropsychological Tests, Functional Laterality, Schizophrenia, Female},
date-added = {2010-06-21 20:20:00 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-21 20:20:00 +0200},
pii = {S0028393201000434},
pmid = {11527553},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Henkel-2001-Neuropsychologia_Assessment%20of%20handed.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12854},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cieza:2009p6370,
author = {Alarcos Cieza and Roger Hilfiker and Somnath Chatterji and Nenad Kostanjsek and Bedirhan T Ust{\"u}n and Gerold Stucki},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health could be used to measure functioning},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore whether it is possible to construct clinical measures of functioning by integrating information obtained across the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) using the ICF Core Set of osteoarthritis (OA) as a case in point. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Psychometric study using data from 437 patients with OA from Germany, Italy, Hungary, Serbia, and Singapore. The analyses were performed with the ICF categories of the comprehensive ICF Core Set for OA addressing functioning and using the Rasch model for ordered response options. RESULTS: A clinical measure with 74 country-specific and seven common ICF categories was created with the pooled data of all countries but Hungary. The overall fit statistic according to the chi(2) was chi(df=405)(2)=451.73, P=0.054, and the Z-fit statistic was Z(mean)=-0.041 (Z(standard deviation [SD])=1.01) for items and Z(mean)=-0.15 (Z(SD)=1.19) for persons. The Person Separation Index r(beta) was 0.92. CONCLUSION: For the first time, a cross-cultural clinical measure of functioning was constructed which integrates ICF categories. The results of this investigation are promising and can contribute to the acceptance and usefulness of the ICF in clinical practice.},
affiliation = {ICF Research Branch, WHO Collaborating Center for the Family of International Classifications, German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information, IHRS, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.},
number = {9},
pages = {899--911},
volume = {62},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Aged: 80 and over, Adult, Osteoarthritis, Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Humans, Range of Motion: Articular, Psychometrics, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Disability Evaluation, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Activities of Daily Living, Middle Aged},
date-added = {2010-02-23 08:22:16 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-23 08:22:16 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.01.019},
pii = {S0895-4356(09)00087-0},
pmid = {19540718},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cieza-2009-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_The%20International%20Cl.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6370},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Mohamed:2010p14307,
author = {Thahir P Mohamed and Jaime G Carbonell and Madhavi K Ganapathiraju},
journal = {BMC Bioinformatics},
title = {Active learning for human protein-protein interaction prediction},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Biological processes in cells are carried out by means of protein-protein interactions. Determining whether a pair of proteins interacts by wet-lab experiments is resource-intensive; only about 38,000 interactions, out of a few hundred thousand expected interactions, are known today. Active machine learning can guide the selection of pairs of proteins for future experimental characterization in order to accelerate accurate prediction of the human protein interactome. RESULTS: Random forest (RF) has previously been shown to be effective for predicting protein-protein interactions. Here, four different active learning algorithms have been devised for selection of protein pairs to be used to train the RF. With labels of as few as 500 protein-pairs selected using any of the four active learning methods described here, the classifier achieved a higher F-score (harmonic mean of Precision and Recall) than with 3000 randomly chosen protein-pairs. F-score of predicted interactions is shown to increase by about 15% with active learning in comparison to that with random selection of data. CONCLUSION: Active learning algorithms enable learning more accurate classifiers with much lesser labelled data and prove to be useful in applications where manual annotation of data is formidable. Active learning techniques demonstrated here can also be applied to other proteomics applications such as protein structure prediction and classification.},
affiliation = {Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mop13+bmc@pitt.edu},
pages = {S57},
volume = {11 Suppl 1},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Proteins, Humans, Algorithms, Protein Conformation, Databases: Protein, Proteomics},
date-added = {2010-08-24 14:27:46 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-24 14:27:46 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2105-11-S1-S57},
pii = {1471-2105-11-S1-S57},
pmid = {20122232},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Mohamed-2010-BMC%20Bioinformatics_Active%20learning%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14307},
rating = {0}
}

@article{McCulloch:2001,
author = {A McCulloch},
journal = {British Medical Journal},
title = {Social environments and health: cross-sectional national survey},
abstract = {Researchers are increasingly interested in studying the effects of the social environment on health.1 The concept of social capital has been put forward as one explanation for why some communities work better than others, with benefits for the whole of the local population.2 Social capital is applied to those features of a community that promote cohesion and a sense of belonging and that enable its members to cooperate. Similarly, criminologists have argued that the level of social organisation in a neighbourhood, or the degree to which residents are able to realise common goals and exercise social control, links the social composition of a neighbourhood and rates of deviant behaviour.3 We investigated how individual's reports of social capital and social disorganisation are associated with health outcomes among men and women aged 16 to 54 from a representative cross section of British households.},
pages = {208--209},
volume = {323},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:09 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1069},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Halverson:2003p4617,
author = {R Halverson and M Clifford},
title = {Evaluation in the Wild: A Distributed Cognition Perspective on Teacher Assessment},
abstract = {A distributed cognition perspective on teacher evaluation demonstrates how context and cognition interact to form systems of knowing and action. In this paper, we discuss how a middle school principal used a standards-based teacher evaluation system with her teachers. The task of teacher evaluation was distributed through several artifacts designed to structure the evaluation process. The central, district-designed artifact included features to support both formative and summative aspects of evaluation. In practice, the principal as evaluator used her discretion to determine which features of the program to implement when. Implementing the evaluation system required the principal to assess the place of evaluation among the existing features of the local school system to develop a process that made teacher evaluation a tool for meaningful communication about instruction, improvement, and status within the school.},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-30 15:23:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 15:23:49 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Halverson-2003-_Evaluation%20in%20the%20Wi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4617},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Raffaelli:2005p10005,
author = {Marcela Raffaelli and Lisa J Crockett and Yuh-Ling Shen},
journal = {J Genet Psychol},
title = {Developmental stability and change in self-regulation from childhood to adolescence},
abstract = {The authors examined the developmental course of self-regulation in a cohort of children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The longitudinal sample included 646 children (48% girls; 52% boys; 36.2% Black, 23.4% Hispanic, 40.4% White) who were 4 to 5 years old in 1986 and who were followed up at ages 8 to 9 and ages 12 to 13. Levels of self-regulation (assessed with 12 maternal-report items that measured regulation of affect, behavior, attention) increased from early childhood (when sample children were 4 or 5 years old) to middle childhood (ages 8 or 9), but not from middle childhood to early adolescence (ages 12 or 13). Girls exhibited significantly higher levels of self-regulation than did boys at all 3 time points. Individual differences in self-regulation were fairly stable across the 8-year span (rs = .47 to .50). Comparisons of 1-, 2-, and 3-factor models suggested that the different aspects of self-regulation are highly interrelated, and support adoption of a single-factor model for both genders. The authors discuss implications of these findings for theory and intervention.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology and Institute for Ethnic Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68588-0308, USA. mraffaelli1@unl.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {54--75},
volume = {166},
year = {2005},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Follow-Up Studies, Social Control: Informal, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child: Preschool, Child Development, Female, Male, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-31 19:48:03 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-03-31 19:48:03 +0200},
pmid = {15782678},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Raffaelli-2005-J%20Genet%20Psychol_Developmental%20stabil.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10005},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Takane:2008p2718,
author = {Y Takane and S Jung},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {Regularized Nonsymmetric Correspondence Analysis},
abstract = {Nonsymmetric correspondence analysis (NSCA) is designed to analyze two-way con- tingency tables in which rows and columns assume an asymmetric role, e.g., columns depend on rows, but not vice versa. A ridge type of regularization was incorporated into a variety of NSCA: Ordinary NSCA, and Partial and/or Constrained NSCA. The regularization has proven useful in obtaining estimates of parameters, which are on average closer to the true population values. An optimal value of the reg- ularization parameter is found by a G-fold cross validation method, and the best dimensionality of the solution space is determined by permutation tests. A bootstrap method is used to evaluate the stability of the solution. A small Monte Carlo study and an illustrative example demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed procedures.},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-13 14:05:08 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:24:31 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Takane-2008-Computational%20Statistics_Regularized%20Nonsymme.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2718},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Congdon:2008p9448,
author = {Eliza Congdon and Klaus Peter Lesch and Turhan Canli},
journal = {Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet},
title = {Analysis of DRD4 and DAT polymorphisms and behavioral inhibition in healthy adults: implications for impulsivity},
abstract = {Impulsivity, a highly prevalent symptom in multiple psychiatric disorders, is a partially heritable trait influenced by specific biological mechanisms. In particular, dopamine is proposed to play a role in impulsive behaviors and recent studies have implicated functional polymorphisms of dopamine-related genes in impulsive behaviors across different clinical and behavioral classifications. However, most have not isolated the impulsivity construct per se as a biologically based and measurable endophenotype. The present study was therefore undertaken in a sample of healthy adults to investigate the influence of two candidate dopaminergic gene polymorphisms (DRD4 and DAT) on the endophenotype of impulsivity, which we operationalized as behavioral inhibition during the Stop-signal task. We recruited an ethnically diverse sample of 119 healthy adults to complete a self-report questionnaire of impulsivity and to perform a Stop-signal task. We report significant differences in inhibitory control between individuals with at least one 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 polymorphism, as well as an interaction between DRD4 and DAT genotypes, on inhibitory control. Results of the present study support the influence of dopaminergic variation on impulsive-related measures, as well as the advantage of using measures which are likely more sensitive to the effects of such genetic variation.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2500, USA. econgdon@ic.sunysb.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {27--32},
volume = {147B},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Alleles, Female, Receptors: Dopamine D4, Polymorphism: Genetic, Adult, Humans, Inhibition (Psychology), Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Male, Genotype, Adolescent, Genetic Variation, Impulsive Behavior},
date-added = {2010-03-23 19:38:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 11:46:09 +0200},
doi = {10.1002/ajmg.b.30557},
pmid = {17525955},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Congdon-2008-Am%20J%20Med%20Genet%20B%20Neuropsychiatr%20Genet_Analysis%20of%20DRD4%20and.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9448},
rating = {4}
}

@article{vanderZanden:2006p7871,
author = {Bart P van der Zanden and Marcel G W Dijkgraaf and Peter Blanken and Corianne A J M de Borgie and Jan M van Ree and Wim van den Brink},
journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},
title = {Validity of the EQ-5D as a generic health outcome instrument in a heroin-dependent population},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of the EuroQol (EQ-5D) in a population of chronic, treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients. METHODS: The EQ-5D is studied relative to the Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP), the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and the European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) which were used to assess the participant's physical functioning, mental health and social integration, respectively. Data were gathered from 430 patients participating in the Dutch heroin trials with an intended 12-month treatment period. The EQ-5D was used as a separate health outcome measure. Statistical analyses were conducted using Spearman's and Pearson's correlations. RESULTS: The EQ-5D dimensions mobility, self-care and usual activities generally showed low correlations with relevant parameters of the MAP-HSS, SCL-90 and EuropASI (r=0.132-0.369). The EQ-5D dimension pain/discomfort showed low to moderate hypothesized correlations with all disease-specific measures (r=0.153-0.496). The EQ-5D dimension anxiety/depression showed moderate to high correlations with the SCL-90 (including the sum score) and some of the EuropASI parameters (r=0.133-0.615). The EQ-5D utility scores were moderately correlated with the MAP-HSS (r=-0.468) and the SCL-90 (r=-0.491) total score and with response to treatment at month 12. CONCLUSION: The majority of hypothesized associations between the EQ-5D and the disease or domain-specific measures could be confirmed. The validity of the EQ-5D-based utility score appears to be suitable in the evaluation of chronic, heroin-dependent populations.},
affiliation = {Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Room J1B-226, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. b.vanderzanden@amc.uva.nl},
number = {2},
pages = {111--8},
volume = {82},
year = {2006},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Multicenter Studies as Topic, Socioeconomic Factors, Treatment Outcome, Adult, Heroin Dependence, Self Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Netherlands, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Health Status, Female},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:13:09 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:13:09 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.012},
pii = {S0376-8716(05)00260-7},
pmid = {16168573},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20der%20Zanden-2006-Drug%20Alcohol%20Depend_Validity%20of%20the%20EQ-5.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7871},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Mehta:2005p3197,
author = {P D Mehta and M C Neale},
journal = {Psychological Methods},
title = {People Are Variables Too: Multilevel Structural Equations Modeling},
abstract = {The article uses confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as a template to explain didactically multilevel structural equation models (ML-SEM) and to demonstrate the equivalence of general mixed-effects models and ML-SEM. An intuitively appealing graphical representa- tion of complex ML-SEMs is introduced that succinctly describes the underlying model and its assumptions. The use of definition variables (i.e., observed variables used to fix model parameters to individual specific data values) is extended to the case of ML-SEMs for clustered data with random slopes. Empirical examples of multilevel CFA and ML-SEM with random slopes are provided along with scripts for fitting such models in SAS Proc Mixed, Mplus, and Mx. Methodological issues regarding estimation of complex ML-SEMs and the evaluation of model fit are discussed. Further potential applications of ML-SEMs are explored.},
number = {3},
pages = {259--284},
volume = {10},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-14 20:56:12 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 20:56:59 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Mehta-2005-Psychological%20Methods_People%20Are%20Variables.PDF},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3197},
rating = {0}
}

@article{MacCallum:2000p1226,
author = {R C MacCallum and J T Austin},
journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
title = {Application of structural equation modeling in psychological research},
abstract = {This chapter presents a review of applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) published in psychological research journals in recent years. We focus first on the variety of research designs and substantive issues to which SEM can be applied productively. We then discuss a number of methodological problems and issues of concern that characterize some of this literature. Although it is clear that SEM is a powerful tool that is being used to great benefit in psychological research, it is also clear that the applied SEM literature is characterized by some chronic prob- lems and that this literature can be considerably improved by greater attention to these issues.},
affiliation = {The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, 142 Townshend Hall, Columbus, Ohio 43210--1222},
pages = {201--226},
volume = {51},
year = {2000},
keywords = {covariance structures, structural equation models, LISREL},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:41:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:43:46 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/MacCallum-2000-Annual%20Review%20of%20Psychology_Application%20of%20struc.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1226},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zhu:2009p11576,
author = {X Zhu},
title = {Assessing fit of item response models for performance assessments using bayesian analysis},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-05-09 18:19:09 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-09 18:19:52 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zhu-2009-_Assessing%20fit%20of%20ite.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11576},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Raymond:2006,
author = {PD Raymond and AD Hinton-Bayre and M Radel and MJ Ray and NA Marsh},
journal = {Eur J European Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery},
title = {Assessment of statistical change criteria used to define significant change in neuropsychological test performance following cardiac surgery},
abstract = {Objective: This paper compares four techniques used to assess change in neuropsychological test scores before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), and includes a rationale for the classification of a patient as overall impaired. Methods: A total of 55 patients were tested before and after surgery on the MicroCog neuropsychological test battery. A matched control group underwent the same testing regime to generate test--retest reliabilities and practice effects. Two techniques designed to assess statistical change were used: the Reliable Change Index (RCI), modified for practice, and the Standardised Regression-based (SRB) technique. These were compared against two fixed cutoff techniques (standard deviation and 20% change methods). Results: The incidence of decline across test scores varied markedly depending on which technique was used to describe change. The SRB method identified more patients as declined on most measures. In comparison, the two fixed cutoff techniques displayed relatively reduced sensitivity in the detection of change. Conclusions: Overall change in an individual can be described provided the investigators choose a rational cutoff based on likely spread of scores due to chance. A cutoff value of 20% of test scores used provided acceptable probability based on the number of tests commonly encountered. Investigators must also choose a test battery that minimises shared variance among test scores.},
pages = {82--88},
volume = {29},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:35:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:35:29 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1025},
rating = {0}
}

@article{McGue:2010p12470,
author = {Matt McGue},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {The end of behavioral genetics? 2008},
number = {3},
pages = {284--96},
volume = {40},
year = {2010},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-06-15 17:38:38 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-010-9354-0},
pmid = {20358397},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/McGue-2010-Behav%20Genet_The%20end%20of%20behaviora.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12470},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Isohanni:2001,
author = {M Isohanni and PB Jones and K Moilanen and P Rantakallio and J Veijola and H Oja and M Koiranen and J Jokelainen and T Croudace and M Jarvelin},
journal = {Schizophr Res},
title = {Early developmental milestones in adult schizophrenia and other psychoses. A 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding variations in the incidence of schizophrenia is a crucial step in unravelling the aetiology of this group of disorders. The aims of this review are to systematically identify studies related to the incidence of schizophrenia, to describe the key features of these studies, and to explore the distribution of rates derived from these studies. METHODS: Studies with original data related to the incidence of schizophrenia (published 1965-2001) were identified via searching electronic databases, reviewing citations and writing to authors. These studies were divided into core studies, migrant studies, cohort studies and studies based on Other Special Groups. Between- and within-study filters were applied in order to identify discrete rates. Cumulative plots of these rates were made and these distributions were compared when the underlying rates were sorted according to sex, urbanicity, migrant status and various methodological features. RESULTS: We identified 100 core studies, 24 migrant studies, 23 cohort studies and 14 studies based on Other Special Groups. These studies, which were drawn from 33 countries, generated a total of 1,458 rates. Based on discrete core data for persons (55 studies and 170 rates), the distribution of rates was asymmetric and had a median value (10%-90% quantile) of 15.2 (7.7-43.0) per 100,000. The distribution of rates was significantly higher in males compared to females; the male/female rate ratio median (10%-90% quantile) was 1.40 (0.9-2.4). Those studies conducted in urban versus mixed urban-rural catchment areas generated significantly higher rate distributions. The distribution of rates in migrants was significantly higher compared to native-born; the migrant/native-born rate ratio median (10%-90% quantile) was 4.6 (1.0-12.8). Apart from the finding that older studies reported higher rates, other study features were not associated with significantly different rate distributions (e.g. overall quality, methods related to case finding, diagnostic confirmation and criteria, the use of age-standardization and age range). CONCLUSIONS: There is a wealth of data available on the incidence of schizophrenia. The width and skew of the rate distribution, and the significant impact of sex, urbanicity and migrant status on these distributions, indicate substantial variations in the incidence of schizophrenia. Mesh-terms: Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Rural Health; Schizophrenia :: epidemiology; Sex Distribution; Transients and Migrants :: statistics {\&} numerical data; Urban Health;},
number = {1-2},
pages = {1--19},
volume = {52},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1094},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Anokhin:2010p7651,
author = {Andrey P Anokhin and Simon Golosheykin and Andrew C Heath},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {Heritability of individual differences in cortical processing of facial affect},
abstract = {Facial expression of emotion is a key mechanism of non-verbal social communication in humans. Deficits in processing of facial emotion have been implicated in psychiatric disorders characterized by abnormal social behavior, such as autism and schizophrenia. Identification of genetically transmitted variability in the neural substrates of facial processing can elucidate the pathways mediating genetic influences on social behavior and provide useful endophenotypes for psychiatric genetic research. This study examined event-related brain potentials (ERPs) evoked by changes in facial expression in adolescent twins (age 12, 47 monozygotic and 51 dizygotic pairs). Facial images with happy, fearful, and neutral expressions were administered in a continuous mode, such that different expressions of the same face instantaneously replaced each other. This experimental design allowed us to isolate responses elicited by changes in emotional expression that were not confounded with responses elicited by image onset. Changes of emotional expression elicited a N240 wave with a right temporoparietal maximum and a P300 wave with a centropariatal midline maximum. Genetic analyses using a model fitting approach showed that a substantial proportion of the observed individual variation in these ERP responses can be attributed to genetic factors (36-64% for N250 and 42-62% for P300 components, respectively). This study provides the first evidence for heritability of neuroelectric indicators of face processing and suggests that ERP components sensitive to emotional expressions can potentially serve as endophenotypes for psychpathology characterized by abnormalities in social cognition and behavior.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. andrey@matlock.wustl.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {178--85},
volume = {40},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:20:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-010-9337-1},
pmid = {20127403},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Anokhin-2010-Behav%20Genet_Heritability%20of%20indi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7651},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sadesky:2003p3554,
author = {G S Sadesky},
title = {Cluster Analysis and its Application In Standard Setting},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-15 21:07:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 21:08:28 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sadesky-2003-_Cluster%20Analysis%20and.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3554},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Li:2007p9971,
author = {M H Li and A Ferdinandi},
journal = {Journal of Education and Human Development},
title = {Interactions among Children's Ability to Control Impulsive Behaviors, Academic Motivation, and Academic Performance over Years across Kindergarten and First Grade},
abstract = {This study explored the relationships among children's ability to control impulsive behaviors, academic motivation, and academic performance. Results showed that, as early as when children are in kindergarten and first grade, their ability to control impulsiveness and their academic motivation both positively influence academic performance. However, academic motivation does not mediate between children's ability to control impulsiveness and their academic performance. Different aspects of children's self-concepts (social competence and academic competence) are closely associated with each other, but academic motivation does not influence that association. Data were extracted from a national database---the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study- Kindergarten Class of 1998-99.},
number = {2},
volume = {1},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-03-31 19:45:38 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-03-31 19:46:31 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Li-2007-Journal%20of%20Education%20and%20Human%20Development_Interactions%20among%20C.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9971},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Trikalinos:2004p10437,
author = {Thomas A Trikalinos and Evangelia E Ntzani and Despina G Contopoulos-Ioannidis and John P A Ioannidis},
journal = {Eur J Hum Genet},
title = {Establishment of genetic associations for complex diseases is independent of early study findings},
abstract = {Numerous genetic association studies for complex diseases are performed. Investigators place emphasis on formal statistical significance (P-values < 0.05), but the predictive ability of early statistically significant ('positive') findings is unclear. We scrutinized 55 cumulative meta-analyses of genetic associations (579 studies), in order to assess whether having statistical significance in the earliest (first) published study or in at least half among several (> or =3) early-published studies, or high statistical significance in early studies had any predictive ability for establishing or refuting the presence of the genetic association in subsequent research. In 35 associations, a first study was 'positive' and in 15 associations more than half of the early-published reports were 'positive'. The average publication rate of subsequent studies increased 1.71-fold with a 'positive' first report. When compared against the summary results of subsequent research, sensitivity and specificity were 0.65 and 0.38 for the first reports, and 0.40 and 0.73, respectively, when at least three early studies were considered. First studies also had poor predictive ability, when we considered the estimated attributable fraction and coverage of the 95% confidence interval thereof or higher levels of statistical significance. We conclude that although 'positive' findings in the very first reports provide strong incentive for conducting more studies on a putative genetic epidemiological association, the statistical significance or even the magnitude of the effect of early studies cannot adequately predict eventual establishment of an association. Conversely, many genuine epidemiological associations would be missed, if research were abandoned after early underpowered 'negative' studies.},
affiliation = {Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit and Clinical Trials and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.},
number = {9},
pages = {762--9},
volume = {12},
year = {2004},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Meta-Analysis as Topic, Databases: Factual, Publication Bias, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Odds Ratio, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Causality},
date-added = {2010-04-07 11:02:44 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:26:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201227},
pii = {5201227},
pmid = {15213707},
URL = {http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v12/n9/abs/5201227a.html},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Trikalinos-2004-Eur%20J%20Hum%20Genet_Establishment%20of%20gen.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10437},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Khil:2010p4885,
author = {P P Khil and D Camerini-Otero},
journal = {PLoS Genet},
title = {Genetic Crossovers Are Predicted Accurately by the Computed Human Recombination Map},
abstract = {Hotspots of meiotic recombination can change rapidly over time. This instability and the reported high level of inter-individual variation in meiotic recombination puts in question the accuracy of the calculated hotspot map, which is based on the summation of past genetic crossovers. To estimate the accuracy of the computed recombination rate map, we have mapped genetic crossovers to a median resolution of 70 Kb in 10 CEPH pedigrees. We then compared the positions of crossovers with the hotspots computed from HapMap data and performed extensive computer simulations to compare the observed distributions of crossovers with the distributions expected from the calculated recombination rate maps. Here we show that a population-averaged hotspot map computed from linkage disequilibrium data predicts well present-day genetic crossovers. We find that computed hotspot maps accurately estimate both the strength and the position of meiotic hotspots. An in-depth examination of not-predicted crossovers shows that they are preferentially located in regions where hotspots are found in other populations. In summary, we find that by combining several computed population-specific maps we can capture the variation in individual hotspots to generate a hotspot map that can predict almost all present-day genetic crossovers.},
number = {1},
volume = {6},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-02-02 11:24:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-02 11:24:57 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Khil-2010-PLoS%20Genet_Genetic%20Crossovers%20A.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4885},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gabel:2008p1692,
author = {M J Gabel and S Hix and M Malecki},
title = {From Preferences to Behaviour: Comparing MEPs' Survey Responses and Roll-Call Voting
Behavior},
abstract = {To what extent do legislative parties shape legislative outcomes? There are strong theoretical reasons to believe that legislative institutions, in particular political parties, have a powerful influence on legislative outcomes by shaping how legislators' personal preferences over policies translate into ``revealed'' legislative behavior and hence ultimately policy outcomes.
Yet, estimating the impact of legislative parties on legislative behaviour is often difficult: cohesive voting among party members could indicate that the party has enforced disciplined voting, or that members share the same preferences on the issue of the vote. The relevant coun- terfactual is how MEPs would have voted in the absense of European or national party influence. We examine these issues in the context of the European Parliament, modeling roll-call votes in a Bayesian hierarchical framework as a function of both party and preferences.
If answers to a European Policy Research Group survey are taken as an exogenous mea- sure of MEPs' preferences, they indicate wide intra-party variation and considerable inter-party overlap. But, as other research has shown, summaries of their voting behavior show them to be neatly divided by party group.
We develop an extension of the item-response model in which the latent ideal point is a function of a set of predictors including party group, nationality, and surveyed preference. In other words, rather than attempting to explain variation among summaries of vote behavior, we estimate the effects of party and preference directly on MEPs' complete vote histories. Finally, we are able to formally compare models with arbitrary predictors -- including national party, european party, nationality, or alternative measures of preference -- via the marginal likelihood.},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-09 18:35:09 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 18:35:48 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gabel-2008-_From%20Preferences%20to.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1692},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rajaram:2010p7518,
author = {Satwik Rajaram and Yoshi Oono},
journal = {BMC Bioinformatics},
title = {NeatMap - non-clustering heat map alternatives in R},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The clustered heat map is the most popular means of visualizing genomic data. It compactly displays a large amount of data in an intuitive format that facilitates the detection of hidden structures and relations in the data. However, it is hampered by its use of cluster analysis which does not always respect the intrinsic relations in the data, often requiring non-standardized reordering of rows/columns to be performed post-clustering. This sometimes leads to uninformative and/or misleading conclusions. Often it is more informative to use dimension-reduction algorithms (such as Principal Component Analysis and Multi-Dimensional Scaling) which respect the topology inherent in the data. Yet, despite their proven utility in the analysis of biological data, they are not as widely used. This is at least partially due to the lack of user-friendly visualization methods with the visceral impact of the heat map. RESULTS: NeatMap is an R package designed to meet this need. NeatMap offers a variety of novel plots (in 2 and 3 dimensions) to be used in conjunction with these dimension-reduction techniques. Like the heat map, but unlike traditional displays of such results, it allows the entire dataset to be displayed while visualizing relations between elements. It also allows superimposition of cluster analysis results for mutual validation. NeatMap is shown to be more informative than the traditional heat map with the help of two well-known microarray datasets. CONCLUSIONS: NeatMap thus preserves many of the strengths of the clustered heat map while addressing some of its deficiencies. It is hoped that NeatMap will spur the adoption of non-clustering dimension-reduction algorithms.},
affiliation = {Department of Physics, 1110 W, Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA. satwik.rajaram@utsouthwestern.edu.},
number = {1},
pages = {45},
volume = {11},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:56:52 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:56:55 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2105-11-45},
pii = {1471-2105-11-45},
pmid = {20096121},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rajaram-2010-BMC%20Bioinformatics_NeatMap%20-%20non-cluste.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7518},
rating = {2}
}

@article{Gibson:1959p13730,
author = {W A Gibson},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Three multivariate models: Factor analysis, latent structure analysis, and latent profile analysis},
abstract = {The factor analysis model and La~arsfeld's latent structure scheme for analyzing dichotomous attributes are derived to show how the latter model avoids three knotty problems in factor analysis: communality esti- mation, rotation, and curvilinearity. Then the latent structure model is generalized into latent profile analysis for the study of interrelations among quantitative measures. Four latent profile examples are presented and dis- cussed in terms of their limitations and the problems of latent metric and dimensionality thereby raised. The possibihty of treating higher order empiri- cal relations in a manner paralleling their various uses in the latent structure model is indicated.},
number = {3},
pages = {229--252},
volume = {24},
year = {1959},
date-added = {2010-07-24 11:29:57 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-24 11:31:34 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gibson-1959-Psychometrika_Three%20multivariate%20m.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13730},
rating = {0}
}

@article{DeLobel:2010p12100,
author = {Lizzy De Lobel and Pierre Geurts and Guy Baele and Francesc Castro-Giner and Manolis Kogevinas and Kristel Van Steen},
journal = {Eur J Hum Genet},
title = {A screening methodology based on Random Forests to improve the detection of gene-gene interactions},
abstract = {The search for susceptibility loci in gene-gene interactions imposes a methodological and computational challenge for statisticians because of the large dimensionality inherent to the modelling of gene-gene interactions or epistasis. In an era in which genome-wide scans have become relatively common, new powerful methods are required to handle the huge amount of feasible gene-gene interactions and to weed out false positives and negatives from these results. One solution to the dimensionality problem is to reduce data by preliminary screening of markers to select the best candidates for further analysis. Ideally, this screening step is statistically independent of the testing phase. Initially developed for small numbers of markers, the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) method is a nonparametric, model-free data reduction technique to associate sets of markers with optimal predictive properties to disease. In this study, we examine the power of MDR in larger data sets and compare it with other approaches that are able to identify gene-gene interactions. Under various interaction models (purely and not purely epistatic), we use a Random Forest (RF)-based prescreening method, before executing MDR, to improve its performance. We find that the power of MDR increases when noisy SNPs are first removed, by creating a collection of candidate markers with RFs. We validate our technique by extensive simulation studies and by application to asthma data from the European Committee of Respiratory Health Study II.European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 12 May 2010; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.48.},
affiliation = {Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {May},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-05-25 23:26:57 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:26:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2010.48},
pii = {ejhg201048},
pmid = {20461113},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/De%20Lobel-2010-Eur%20J%20Hum%20Genet_A%20screening%20methodol.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12100},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hidalgo:2009p10143,
author = {C{\'e}sar A Hidalgo and Nicholas Blumm and Albert-L{\'a}szl{\'o} Barab{\'a}si and Nicholas A Christakis},
journal = {PLoS Comput Biol},
title = {A dynamic network approach for the study of human phenotypes},
abstract = {The use of networks to integrate different genetic, proteomic, and metabolic datasets has been proposed as a viable path toward elucidating the origins of specific diseases. Here we introduce a new phenotypic database summarizing correlations obtained from the disease history of more than 30 million patients in a Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN). We present evidence that the structure of the PDN is relevant to the understanding of illness progression by showing that (1) patients develop diseases close in the network to those they already have; (2) the progression of disease along the links of the network is different for patients of different genders and ethnicities; (3) patients diagnosed with diseases which are more highly connected in the PDN tend to die sooner than those affected by less connected diseases; and (4) diseases that tend to be preceded by others in the PDN tend to be more connected than diseases that precede other illnesses, and are associated with higher degrees of mortality. Our findings show that disease progression can be represented and studied using network methods, offering the potential to enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of human diseases. The dataset introduced here, released concurrently with this publication, represents the largest relational phenotypic resource publicly available to the research community.},
affiliation = {Center for International Development and Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.},
number = {4},
pages = {e1000353},
volume = {5},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Phenotype, Proportional Hazards Models, Comorbidity, Epidemiologic Measurements, Algorithms, Risk Factors, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Risk Assessment, United States},
date-added = {2010-04-01 11:36:57 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:43:29 +0200},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000353},
pmid = {19360091},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hidalgo-2009-PLoS%20Comput%20Biol_A%20dynamic%20network%20ap.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10143},
rating = {0}
}

@article{CampoArias:2007p5238,
author = {A Campo-Arias and L A Diaz-Martinez and G E Rueda-Jaimes and L Cadena-Afanador},
journal = {Rev Colomb Psiquiat},
title = {Psychometric properties of the CES-D scale among colombian adults from the general population},
number = {4},
pages = {664--674},
volume = {XXXVI},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-02-08 20:11:56 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-08 20:13:37 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Campo-Arias-2007-Rev%20Colomb%20Psiquiat_Psychometric%20propert.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5238},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rijmen:2005,
author = {F Rijmen and Paul De Boeck},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {A relation between a between-item multidimensional IRT model and the mixture-Rasch model},
abstract = {Two generalizations of the Rasch model are compared: the between-item multidimensional model (Adams, Wilson, and Wang, 1997), and the mixture Rasch model (Mislevy {\&} Verhelst, 1990; Rost, 1990). It is shown that the between-item multidimensional model is formally equivalent with a continuous mixture of Rasch models for which, within each class of the mixture, the item parameters are equal to the item parameters of the multidimensional model up to a shift parameter that is specific for the dimension an item belongs to in the multidimensional model. In a simulation study, the relation between both types of models also holds when the number of classes of the mixture is as small as two. The relation is illustrated with a study on verbal aggression.},
pages = {481--496},
volume = {70},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:12 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11336-002-1007-7},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rijmen-2005-Psychometrika_A%20relation%20between%20a.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2096},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@book{McCulloch:2001,
author = {C E McCulloch and S R Searle},
journal = {Book},
title = {Generalized, linear, and mixed models},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:37:35 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1114},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tesio:2003p5496,
author = {Luigi Tesio},
journal = {J Rehabil Med},
title = {Measuring behaviours and perceptions: Rasch analysis as a tool for rehabilitation research},
abstract = {Variables present in an individual, for example, independence, pain, balance, fatigue, depression and knowledge, cannot be measured directly (hence the term "latent" variables). They are usually assessed by measuring related behaviours, defined by sets of standardized items. The homogeneity of the different items, and proportionality of raw counts to measure, can only be postulated. In 1960 Georg Rasch proposed a statistical model that complied with the fundamental assumptions made in measurements in physical sciences. It allowed for the transformation of the cumulative raw scores (achieved by a subject across items, or by an item across subjects) into linear continuous measures of ability (for subjects) and difficulty (for items). These 2 parameters, only, govern the probability that "pass" rather than "fail" occurs. The discrepancies between model-expected scores (continuous between 0 and 1) and observed scores (discrete, either 0 or 1) provide indexes of inconsistency of individual subjects, items and classes of subjects. In subsequent years the same principles were extended to rating scales, with items graded on more than 2 levels, and to "many-facet" contexts where, beyond items and subjects, multiple raters, times of administration, etc. converge in determining the observed scores. Rasch modelling has increasing application in rehabilitation medicine. New scales with unprecedented metric validity (including internal consistency and reliability) can be built. Existing scales can be improved or rejected on a sound theoretical basis. In clinical trials the consistency and the linearity of measures of either subjects or raters can be validly matched with those of physical and chemical measures. The stability of the item difficulties across time, cultures, diagnostic groups and time of administration can be estimated, thus making it possible to compare homogeneous measures or foster diagnostic procedures on the reasons for differential item functioning.},
affiliation = {Department of Rehabilitation, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy. ltesio@fsm.it},
number = {3},
pages = {105--15},
volume = {35},
year = {2003},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Health Status Indicators, Rehabilitation, Research, Humans, Models: Statistical, Disability Evaluation, Brain Injuries, Psychometrics},
date-added = {2010-02-12 14:44:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 14:44:55 +0100},
pmid = {12809192},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5496},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Grasshoff:2009p7755,
author = {U Grasshoff and H Holling and R Schwabe},
title = {Optimal Designs for Linear Logistic Test Models},
abstract = {An important class of models within item response theory are Linear Lo- gistic Test Models (LLTM). These models provide a means for rule-based item gen- eration in educational and psychological testing based upon cognitive theories. After a short introduction into the LLTM, optimal designs for the LLTM will be developed with respect to the item calibration step assuming that persons' abilities are known. Therefore, the LLTM is embedded in a particular generalized linear model. Finally, future developments are outlined.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-03-17 20:51:04 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-17 20:51:54 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Grasshoff-2009-_Optimal%20Designs%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7755},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bjork:2007p4836,
author = {James M Bjork and Ashley R Smith and Cinnamon L Danube and Daniel W Hommer},
journal = {J Neurosci},
title = {Developmental differences in posterior mesofrontal cortex recruitment by risky rewards},
abstract = {Might increased risk taking in adolescence result in part from underdeveloped conflict-monitoring circuitry in the posterior mesofrontal cortex (PMC)? Adults and adolescents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary game of "chicken." As subjects watched ostensible winnings increase over time, they decided when to press a button to bank their winnings, knowing that if they did not stop pursuing money reward before a secret varying time limit, they would "bust" and either lose the money accrued on the current trial (low-penalty trials) or forfeit trial winnings plus a portion of previous winnings (high-penalty trials). Reward accrual at risk of low penalty (contrasted with guaranteed reward) activated the PMC in adults but not in adolescents. Across all subjects, this activation (1) correlated positively with age but negatively with risk exposure and (2) was greater when subjects busted on the previous low-penalty trial. Reward accrual at risk of high penalty was terminated sooner and recruited the PMC in both adults and adolescents when contrasted with guaranteed reward. Predecision PMC activation in the high-penalty trials was significantly reduced in trials when subjects busted. These data suggest that (1) under threat of an explicit severe penalty, recruitment of the PMC is similar in adolescents and adults and correlates with error avoidance, and (2) when potential penalties for a rewarding behavior are mild enough to encourage some risk taking, predecision PMC activation by a reward/risk conflict is sensitive to previous error outcomes, predictive of risk-aversive behavior in that trial, and underactive in adolescents.},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. jbjork@mail.nih.gov},
note = {genim},
number = {18},
pages = {4839--49},
volume = {27},
year = {2007},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child, Reward, Adolescent, Frontal Lobe, Adolescent Behavior, Decision Making, Recruitment: Neurophysiological, Psychomotor Performance, Photic Stimulation, Female, Risk-Taking, Adult, Nerve Net, Humans, Male},
date-added = {2010-02-01 20:22:49 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-25 18:14:33 +0100},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5469-06.2007},
pii = {27/18/4839},
pmid = {17475792},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bjork-2007-J%20Neurosci_Developmental%20differ.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4836},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Walson:2008p1815,
author = {Judd L Walson and Phelgona A Otieno and Margaret Mbuchi and Barbra A Richardson and Barbara Lohman-Payne and Steve Wanyee Macharia and Julie Overbaugh and James Berkley and Eduard J Sanders and Michael H Chung and Grace C John-Stewart},
journal = {AIDS},
title = {Albendazole treatment of HIV-1 and helminth co-infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial},

repository: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

repo_name: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

gha_license_id: MIT