text:
Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Gaxiola, Rebekah L., Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 99164 USA.
   Leonard, Anne S., Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1098/rsos.191883}},
Article-Number = {{191883}},
ISSN = {{2054-5703}},
Keywords = {{imidacloprid; behaviour; locomotor; activity; bee; learning}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; HONEY-BEES; PESTICIDE;
   POLLINATORS; FOODS}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{felicity.muth@austin.utexas.edu}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{US Department of Agriculture NIFA postdoctoral fellowship; USDA (AWD)
   {[}2018-6701427543]; L'Oreal For Women in Science postdoctoral
   fellowship}},
Funding-Text = {{Funding was provided by the US Department of Agriculture NIFA
   postdoctoral fellowship and a L'Oreal For Women in Science postdoctoral
   fellowship (F.M. and R.L.G.). A.S.L. was funded by the USDA (AWD no.
   2018-6701427543).}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
Journal-ISO = {{R. Soc. Open Sci.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{LT7OI}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000537255600001}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000533617600001,
Author = {Mola, John M. and Miller, Michael R. and O'Rourke, Sean M. and Williams,
   Neal M.},
Title = {{Wildfire reveals transient changes to individual traits and population
   responses of a native bumble bee Bombus vosnesenskii}},
Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{89}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{1799-1810}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{Fire-induced changes in the abundance and distribution of organisms,
   especially plants, can alter resource landscapes for mobile consumers
   driving bottom-up effects on their population sizes, morphologies and
   reproductive potential. We expect these impacts to be most striking for
   obligate visitors of plants, like bees and other pollinators, but these
   impacts can be difficult to interpret due to the limited information
   provided by forager counts in the absence of survival or fitness
   proxies.
   Increased bumble bee worker abundance is often coincident with the
   pulses of flowers that follow recent fire. However, it is unknown if
   observed postfire activity is due to underlying population growth or a
   stable pool of colonies recruiting more foragers to abundant resource
   patches. This distinction is necessary for determining the net impact of
   disturbance on bumble bees: are there population-wide responses or do
   just a few colonies reap the rewards?
   We estimated colony abundance before and after fire in burned and
   unburned areas using a genetic mark-recapture framework. We paired
   colony abundance estimates with measures of body size, counts of queens,
   and estimates of foraging and dispersal to assess changes in worker
   size, reproductive output, and landscape-scale movements.
   Higher floral abundance following fire not only increased forager
   abundance but also the number of colonies from which those foragers
   came. Importantly, despite a larger population size, we also observed
   increased mean worker size. Two years following fire, queen abundance
   was higher in both burned and unburned sites, potentially due to the
   dispersal of queens from burned into unburned areas. The effects of fire
   were transient; within two growing seasons, worker abundance was
   substantially reduced across the entire sampling area and body sizes
   were similar between burned and unburned sites.
   Our results reveal how disturbance can temporarily release populations
   from resource limitation, boosting the genetic diversity, body size, and
   reproductive output of populations. Given that the effects of fire on
   bumble bees acted indirectly through pulsed resource availability, it is
   likely our results are generalizable to other situations, such as
   habitat restorations, where resource density is enhanced within the
   landscape.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Mola, JM (Corresponding Author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   Mola, JM (Corresponding Author), Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Mola, John M., US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   Mola, John M.; Miller, Michael R.; Williams, Neal M., Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Miller, Michael R.; O'Rourke, Sean M., Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Williams, Neal M., Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1111/1365-2656.13244}},
Early Access Date = {{MAY 2020}},
ISSN = {{0021-8790}},
EISSN = {{1365-2656}},
Keywords = {{bees; disturbance; fire; genetic mark-recapture; pollinators; resource
   limitation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{FORAGING DISTANCE; COLONY GROWTH; SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION;
   LANDSCAPE-SCALE; LAND-USE; FIRE; RESOURCES; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; SIZE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Zoology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Zoology}},
Author-Email = {{jmola@usgs.gov}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Mola, John/0000-0002-5394-9071}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{University of California Natural Reserve System; National Science
   Foundation Graduate Research FellowshipNational Science Foundation (NSF)
   {[}1049702, DEB 1354022]; University of California Davis Jastro Shields
   Scholarship}},
Funding-Text = {{University of California Natural Reserve System; National Science
   Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, Grant/Award Number: 1049702,
   and DEB 1354022; University of California Davis Jastro Shields
   Scholarship}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
Journal-ISO = {{J. Anim. Ecol.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MU3PL}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000533617600001}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000533055000001,
Author = {Alkassab, Abdulrahim T. and Kunz, Nadine and Bischoff, Gabriela and
   Pistorius, Jens},
Title = {{Comparing response of buff-tailed bumblebees and red mason bees to
   application of a thiacloprid-prochloraz mixture under semi-field
   conditions}},
Journal = {{ECOTOXICOLOGY}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{29}},
Number = {{7}},
Pages = {{846-855}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Recent studies have reported interspecific differences in how bee
   species respond to various stressors. Evaluating the exposure and
   responses of different bee species to plant protection products is
   considered an essential part of their risk assessment. This study was
   conducted to assess the impacts of thiacloprid-prochloraz mixture on
   buff-tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) and red mason bees (Osmia
   bicornis) in a worst-case scenario under semi-field conditions.
   Bumblebee colonies or solitary bee trap nests were confined in tunnels
   with flowering oilseed rape. The recommended maximum application rates
   of 72 g thiacloprid/ha and 675 g prochloraz/ha were applied as a tank
   mixture during bee flight in full flowering oilseed rape. Several
   parameters such as flight and foraging activity, population parameters,
   and exposure level were investigated. Our results show adverse effects
   of the combination of thiacloprid and prochloraz on the reproductive
   performance of red mason bees. The number of cocoons produced by O.
   bicornis was significantly reduced in the treatment compared to the
   control group. Regarding bumblebees, we found no effects of the
   thiacloprid-prochloraz mixture on any observed parameters of colony
   development. The maximum detected concentrations of both active
   substances three days after application were higher in O. bicornis
   pollen mass compared to B. terrestris stored pollen. We conclude that
   this worst-case scenario of thiacloprid-prochloraz exposure poses a high
   risk to solitary bees and thus the use of such mixture should be
   restricted.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Alkassab, AT (Corresponding Author), Julius Kuehn Inst JKI, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Inst Bee Protect, Messeweg11-12, Braunschweig, Germany.
   Alkassab, Abdulrahim T.; Kunz, Nadine; Pistorius, Jens, Julius Kuehn Inst JKI, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Inst Bee Protect, Messeweg11-12, Braunschweig, Germany.
   Bischoff, Gabriela, Julius Kuehn Inst JKI, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Inst Bee Protect, Konigin Luise Str 19, Berlin, Germany.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10646-020-02223-2}},
Early Access Date = {{MAY 2020}},
ISSN = {{0963-9292}},
EISSN = {{1573-3017}},
Keywords = {{Bumblebees; Red mason bees; Exposure; Thiacloprid; Prochloraz}},
Keywords-Plus = {{APIS-MELLIFERA L; NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE; HONEY-BEES; FUNGICIDE;
   TOXICITY; SENSITIVITY; SYNERGISM; COLONIES; EXPOSURE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Toxicology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology}},
Author-Email = {{abdulrahim.alkassab@julius-kuehn.de}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Alkassab, Abdulrahim/ABC-7001-2020}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)}},
Funding-Text = {{This project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food and
   Agriculture (BMEL).}},
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   Wernecke A, 2019, J CONSUM PROT FOOD S, V14, P239, DOI 10.1007/s00003-019-01233-5.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{0}},
Journal-ISO = {{Ecotoxicology}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{NA9LX}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000533055000001}},
OA = {{Green Published, Other Gold}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000531741800002,
Author = {Rojas-Nossa, V, Sandra and Calvino-Cancela, Maria},
Title = {{The invasive hornet Vespa velutina affects pollination of a wild plant
   through changes in abundance and behaviour of floral visitors}},
Journal = {{BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{22}},
Number = {{8}},
Pages = {{2609-2618}},
Month = {{AUG}},
Abstract = {{The Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) is a keen predator of honeybees and
   other insects. Its success as invasive species threatens the stability
   of ecosystem services provided by them, such as pollination of wild
   plants and crops. In this study we analyse their impact as hunters of
   flower visitors on plant pollination, by studying the hunting behaviour
   of V. velutina in flower surroundings, the effect of V. velutina hunting
   on the floral visiting behaviour by insects and its impact on the amount
   of conspecific pollen deposited on the stigmas of Mentha suaveolens, a
   native and common herb to southern and western Europe. We made
   observations and video-recordings in blooming patches with and without
   the presence of V. velutina and quantified the deposition of conspecific
   pollen on stigmas in those same patches. Asian hornets were frequent and
   successful hunters of flower visitors of Mentha suaveolens, inducing
   changes in the foraging behaviour of several groups of pollinators. The
   patch visitation rate of European honeybees (Apis mellifera), the flower
   visitation rate of small hymenopterans and the flower visitation time of
   bumblebees (Bombus sp.) and syrphids was significantly reduced in
   patches with presence of the predator. As a consequence, the quantity of
   conspecific pollen on stigmas of the studied native plant decreased in
   patches with V. velutina. In this study we demonstrate the negative
   impact of the invasive hornet V. velutina on pollination services in
   invaded areas as a consequence of their hunting of pollinators in flower
   patches.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Rojas-Nossa, SV (Corresponding Author), Univ Vigo, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol \& Anim Biol, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain.
   Rojas-Nossa, Sandra, V; Calvino-Cancela, Maria, Univ Vigo, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol \& Anim Biol, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s10530-020-02275-9}},
Early Access Date = {{MAY 2020}},
ISSN = {{1387-3547}},
EISSN = {{1573-1464}},
Keywords = {{Behaviour of pollinators; Invasive hornet; Pollination services;
   Predation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{WASP; IMPACTS; HYMENOPTERA; COMPETITION; LEPELETIER; PREDATION;
   HONEYBEES; DECLINES; FLOWERS; HAWKING}},
Research-Areas = {{Biodiversity \& Conservation; Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{srojas@uvigo.es}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Xunta de GaliciaXunta de Galicia}},
Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by Xunta de Galicia through the collaboration
   agreement between Conselleria de Medio Ambiente e Ordenacion do
   Territorio, University of Vigo and University of Santiago de Compostela
   for the Study of behaviour, habitat and impact on ecosystems of Vespa
   velutina, and improvement of control methods (2017). L. O. Aguado helped
   with identification of insects. We also thank two anonymous reviewers
   for the valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{17}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
Journal-ISO = {{Biol. Invasions}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MB8IA}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000531741800002}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000541750900051,
Author = {Parys, Katherine A. and Esquivel, Isaac L. and Wright, Karen W. and
   Griswold, Terry and Brewer, Michael J.},
Title = {{Native Pollinators (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Cotton Grown in the Gulf
   South, United States}},
Journal = {{AGRONOMY-BASEL}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{10}},
Number = {{5}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Native bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) were sampled using bee bowls in
   two states to determine biodiversity in commercial cotton fields of the
   southern United States. In both states, native bee communities found in
   cotton fields were dominated by generalist pollinators in the genera
   Agapostemon, Augochloropsis, Halictus, and Lasioglossum (Hymenoptera:
   Halictidae), and Melissodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Melissodes tepaneca
   (Cresson) was the most abundant species found in cotton fields in both
   states. Some species collected are known specialists on other plant
   taxa, suggesting they may be tourist species. Here we provide a baseline
   species list of native bees found in cotton. Ordination indicated
   separation between the communities found in the two states when pooled
   by genus, but these differences were not significant. While cotton is
   grown in highly managed and disturbed landscapes, our data suggest that
   a community of common generalist native pollinators persists. Many of
   these species are also found in other cropping systems across North
   America.}},
Publisher = {{MDPI}},
Address = {{ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Parys, KA (Corresponding Author), USDA ARS, Southern Trisect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38732 USA.
   Parys, Katherine A., USDA ARS, Southern Trisect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38732 USA.
   Esquivel, Isaac L.; Brewer, Michael J., Texas A\&M AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, Christi, TX 78406 USA.
   Esquivel, Isaac L.; Wright, Karen W., Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Griswold, Terry, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.3390/agronomy10050698}},
Article-Number = {{698}},
EISSN = {{2073-4395}},
Keywords = {{Melissodes tepaneca; Mississippi; bee diversity; Texas; pollinator
   community}},
Keywords-Plus = {{LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; WILD BEES; LANDSCAPE; APIDAE; APIFORMES; ABUNDANCE;
   HALICTIDAE; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES}},
Research-Areas = {{Agriculture; Plant Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Agronomy; Plant Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{katherine.parys@usda.gov
   iesqu002@tamu.edu
   kwright@tamu.edu
   terry.griswold@usda.gov
   mjbrewer@ag.tamu.edu}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Parys, Katherine/0000-0001-7459-3687}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{USDA Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of
   Agriculture (USDA)USDA Agricultural Research Service
   {[}6066-22000-084-00D]; USDA NIFA, Southern IPM Center, Enhancement
   Grant Program}},
Funding-Text = {{This research was partially conducted by K.A.P. as a component of a
   National Program 304 Plant Protection and Quarantine project of the USDA
   Agricultural Research Service (Project 6066-22000-084-00D Integrated
   Insect Pest and Resistance Management in Corn, Cotton, Sorghum, Soybean
   and Sweet Potato), which also paid the APC. Partial support was provided
   to IE by USDA NIFA, Southern IPM Center, Enhancement Grant Program.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{84}},
Times-Cited = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{0}},
Journal-ISO = {{Agronomy-Basel}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{MA2MK}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000541750900051}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000541085300047,
Author = {Dobes, Pavel and Kunc, Martin and Hurychova, Jana and Votavova, Alena
   and Komzakova, Olga and Hyrsl, Pavel},
Title = {{The Effect of Foraging on Bumble Bees, Bombus terrestris, Reared under
   Laboratory Conditions}},
Journal = {{INSECTS}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{5}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Bumble bees are important pollinators broadly used by farmers in
   greenhouses and under conditions in which honeybee pollination is
   limited. As such, bumble bees are increasingly being reared for
   commercial purposes, which brings into question whether individuals
   reared under laboratory conditions are fully capable of physiological
   adaptation to field conditions. To understand the changes in bumble bee
   organism caused by foraging, we compared the fundamental physiological
   and immunological parameters of Bombus terrestris workers reared under
   constant optimal laboratory conditions with workers from sister colonies
   that were allowed to forage for two weeks in the field. Nutritional
   status and immune response were further determined in wild foragers of
   B. terrestris that lived under the constant influence of natural
   stressors. Both wild and laboratory-reared workers subjected to the
   field conditions had a lower protein concentration in the hemolymph and
   increased antimicrobial activity, the detection of which was limited in
   the non-foragers. However, in most of the tested parameters,
   specifically the level of carbohydrates, antioxidants, total hemocyte
   concentration in the hemolymph and melanization response, we did not
   observe any significant differences between bumble bee workers produced
   in the laboratory and wild animals, nor between foragers and
   non-foragers. Our results show that bumble bees reared under laboratory
   conditions can mount a sufficient immune response to potential pathogens
   and cope with differential food availability in the field, similarly to
   the wild bumble bee workers.}},
Publisher = {{MDPI}},
Address = {{ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Dobes, P (Corresponding Author), Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Expt Biol, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic.
   Dobes, Pavel; Hurychova, Jana; Hyrsl, Pavel, Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Expt Biol, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic.
   Kunc, Martin; Votavova, Alena; Komzakova, Olga, Res Inst Fodder Crops Ltd, Zahradni 1, Troubsko 66441, Czech Republic.}},
DOI = {{10.3390/insects11050321}},
Article-Number = {{321}},
EISSN = {{2075-4450}},
Keywords = {{bumble bee; foraging; laboratory rearing; nutrients; immunity;
   physiology}},
Keywords-Plus = {{IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TRADE-OFFS; INSECT; WORKERS; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; DEFENSE;
   PROTEIN; L.; MELANIZATION; HYMENOPTERA}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{pavel.dobes@mail.muni.cz
   376041@mail.muni.cz
   jana.hurychova@mail.muni.cz
   votavova@vupt.cz
   olga.komzakova@mendelu.cz
   hyrsl@sci.muni.cz}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kunc, Martin/B-9360-2017
   Dobes, Pavel/R-7150-2016
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Kunc, Martin/0000-0001-5297-2846
   Dobes, Pavel/0000-0003-1699-0849
   Votavova, Alena/0000-0003-4494-6423
   Hurychova, Jana/0000-0003-0646-9283}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Agriculture,
   Czech Republic {[}MZE-RO1720a, NAZV QK1910286]}},
Funding-Text = {{The research was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech
   Republic, institutional support MZE-RO1720a and grant NAZV QK1910286.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{68}},
Times-Cited = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
Journal-ISO = {{Insects}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{LZ2VE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000541085300047}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000541085300001,
Author = {Vanderplanck, Maryse and Gilles, Helene and Nonclercq, Denis and Duez,
   Pierre and Gerbaux, Pascal},
Title = {{Asteraceae Paradox: Chemical and Mechanical Protection of Taraxacum
   Pollen}},
Journal = {{INSECTS}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{5}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Excessive pollen harvesting by bees can compromise the reproductive
   success of plants. Plants have therefore evolved different morphological
   structures and floral cues to narrow the spectrum of pollen feeding
   visitors. Among ``filtering{''} mechanisms, the chemical and mechanical
   protection of pollen might shape bee-flower interactions and restrict
   pollen exploitation to a specific suite of visitors such as observed in
   Asteraceae. Asteraceae pollen is indeed only occasionally exploited by
   generalist bee species but plentifully foraged by specialist ones (i.e.,
   Asteraceae paradox). During our bioassays, we observed that
   micro-colonies of generalist bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.) feeding on
   Taraxacum pollen (Asteraceae) reduced their pollen collection and
   offspring production. Bees also experienced physiological effects of
   possible defenses in the form of digestive damage. Overall, our results
   suggest the existence of an effective chemical defense in Asteraceae
   pollen, while the hypothesis of a mechanical defense appeared more
   unlikely. Pre- and post-ingestive effects of such chemical defenses
   (i.e., nutrient deficit or presence of toxic compounds), as well as
   their role in the shaping of bee-flower interactions, are discussed. Our
   results strongly suggest that pollen chemical traits may act as drivers
   of plant selection by bees and partly explain why Asteraceae pollen is
   rare in generalist bee diets.}},
Publisher = {{MDPI}},
Address = {{ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Vanderplanck, M (Corresponding Author), Univ Mons UMONS, Res Inst Biosci, Lab Zool, Pl Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
   Vanderplanck, Maryse; Gilles, Helene, Univ Mons UMONS, Res Inst Biosci, Lab Zool, Pl Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
   Nonclercq, Denis, Univ Mons UMONS, Lab Histol, Fac Med \& Pharm, Pl Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
   Duez, Pierre, Univ Mons UMONS, Fac Med \& Pharm, Unit Therapeut Chem \& Pharmacognosy, Pl Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
   Gerbaux, Pascal, Univ Mons UMONS, Res Inst Biosci, Organ Synth \& Mass Spectrometry Lab, Pl Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.}},
DOI = {{10.3390/insects11050304}},
Article-Number = {{304}},
EISSN = {{2075-4450}},
Keywords = {{Asteraceae; pollen defenses; generalist floral visitors; Bombus
   terrestris; chemical protection; mechanical protection}},
Keywords-Plus = {{GENERALIST SOLITARY BEES; BOMBUS-TERRESTRIS; GUT MICROBIOTA;
   SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; NONHOST POLLEN; ALMOND NECTAR;
   BUMBLE BEES; HIGH-ANDES; HYMENOPTERA}},
Research-Areas = {{Entomology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Entomology}},
Author-Email = {{maryse.vanderplanck@umons.ac.be
   helgilles@hotmail.com
   denis.nonclercq@umons.ac.be
   pierre.duez@umons.ac.be
   pascal.gerbaux@umons.ac.be}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vanderplanck, Maryse/A-6874-2018}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Duez, Pierre/0000-0002-0484-1478
   Vanderplanck, Maryse/0000-0002-0110-8019}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRSFonds de la Recherche
   Scientifique - FNRS}},
Funding-Text = {{This research was funded by the ``Fonds de la Recherche
   Scientifique-FNRS{''}.}},
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Number-of-Cited-References = {{85}},
Times-Cited = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
Journal-ISO = {{Insects}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{LZ2VE}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000541085300001}},
OA = {{DOAJ Gold, Green Published}},
DA = {{2020-11-05}},
}

@article{ ISI:000538094900027,
Author = {Prendergast, Kit S. and Menz, Myles H. M. and Dixon, Kingsley W. and
   Bateman, Philip W.},
Title = {{The relative performance of sampling methods for native bees: an
   empirical test and review of the literature}},
Journal = {{ECOSPHERE}},
Year = {{2020}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{5}},
Month = {{MAY}},
Abstract = {{Many bee species are declining globally, but to detect trends and
   monitor bee assemblages, robust sampling methods are required. Numerous
   sampling methods are used, but a critical review of their relative
   effectiveness is lacking. Moreover, evidence suggests the relative
   effectiveness of sampling methods depends on habitat, yet efficacy in
   urban areas has yet to be evaluated. This study compared the bee
   community documented using observational records, targeted netting,
   mobile gardens, pan traps (blue and yellow), vane traps (blue and
   yellow), and trap-nests. The comparative surveys of native bees and
   honeybees were undertaken in an urbanized region of the southwest
   Australian biodiversity hot spot. The outcomes of the study were then
   compared to a synthesis based on a comprehensive literature review of
   studies where two or more bee sampling methods were conducted.
   Observational records far exceeded all other methods in terms of
   abundance of bees recorded, but were unable to distinguish finer
   taxonomic levels. Of methods that captured individuals, thereby
   permitting taxonomic identification, targeted sweep netting vastly
   outperformed the passive sampling methods, yielding a total of 1324
   individuals, representing 131 taxonomic units-even when deployed over a
   shorter duration. The relative effectiveness of each method differed
   according to taxon. From the analysis of the literature, there was high
   variability in relative effectiveness of methods, but targeted sweep
   netting and blue vane traps tended to be most effective, in accordance
   with results from this study. However, results from the present study
   differed from most previous studies in the extremely low catch rates in
   pan traps. Species using trap-nests represented only a subset of all
   potential cavity-nesters, and their relative abundances in the
   trap-nests differed from those in the field. Mobile gardens were
   relatively ineffective at attracting bees. For urbanized habitat within
   this biodiversity hot spot, targeted sweep netting is indispensable for
   obtaining a comprehensive indication of native bee assemblages; passive
   sampling methods alone recorded only a small fraction of the native bee
   community. Overall, a combination of methods should be used for sampling
   bee communities, as each has their own biases, and certain taxa were
   well represented in some methods, but poorly represented in others.}},
Publisher = {{WILEY}},
Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
Type = {{Review}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Prendergast, KS (Corresponding Author), Curtin Univ, Sch Mol \& Life Sci, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
   Prendergast, Kit S.; Dixon, Kingsley W.; Bateman, Philip W., Curtin Univ, Sch Mol \& Life Sci, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
   Menz, Myles H. M., Max Planck Inst Anim Behav, Dept Migrat, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany.
   Menz, Myles H. M., Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany.
   Menz, Myles H. M., Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.}},
DOI = {{10.1002/ecs2.3076}},
Article-Number = {{e03076}},
ISSN = {{2150-8925}},
Keywords = {{bee assemblages; biodiversity; honeybees; monitoring; native bees;
   sampling; surveys; urbanization}},
Keywords-Plus = {{LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; WILD BEES; PAN TRAP; SOLITARY BEES; HABITAT
   FRAGMENTATION; POLLINATION SERVICES; FORAGING RANGES; HYMENOPTERA;
   URBANIZATION; CONSERVATION}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Ecology}},
Author-Email = {{kit.prendergast21@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Prendergast, Kit/T-3192-2019
   Dixon, Kingsley/A-8133-2016
   Bateman, Philip/B-7751-2019
   Menz, Myles/A-2238-2017}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Prendergast, Kit/0000-0002-1164-6099
   Dixon, Kingsley/0000-0001-5989-2929
   Bateman, Philip/0000-0002-3036-5479
   Menz, Myles/0000-0002-3347-5411}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Forrest Scholarship; Australian Wildlife Society University Student
   Grants Scheme}},
Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank the residents of the residential
   properties for providing access to survey their gardens, the Western
   Australian Museum for allowing access to their native bee reference
   collection, and Jaime A. Florez for his guidance with part of the data
   analysis. KSP was funded by a Forrest Scholarship and received funding
   as an awardee of the Australian Wildlife Society University Student
   Grants Scheme. Permission to collect native bees was given by the
   Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW Permit Number: 08-000936-1).
   Permission to undertake scientific activities and permits was approved
   for all bushland sites, and permission to survey residential gardens was
   kindly granted by the homeowners. All authors contributed meaningfully
   to the final manuscript. KSP conceived of the study and the methodology,
   conducted fieldwork and analyzed the data, conducted the literature
   review, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. PWB and MHMM
   contributed to revising drafts of the manuscript, and all authors
   contributed to improving and approving the final draft.}},
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