text:
emergence of manic and hypomanic mood switches, to use mood stabilizers in patients with bipolar I disorder, and to be aware of potential interactions between bright light and medications used in treating bipolar disorder. Chronobiological treatments such as bright light therapy may be combined with pharmacotherapy to enhance therapeutic effects, reduce adverse side effects, and optimize treatment in patients with seasonal and nonseasonal bipolar disorder.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2A1.},
number = {6},
pages = {478--85},
volume = {6},
year = {2004},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Seasonal Affective Disorder, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Phototherapy, Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Prognosis, Antidepressive Agents},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:35:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:35:54 +0100},
pmid = {15538998},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sohn-2004-Curr%20Psychiatry%20Rep_Treatment%20of%20seasona.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8014},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lee:2010p6904,
author = {Mihee Lee and Haipeng Shen and Jianhua Z Huang and J S Marron},
journal = {Biometrics},
title = {Biclustering via Sparse Singular Value Decomposition},
abstract = {Summary. Sparse singular value decomposition (SSVD) is proposed as a new exploratory analysis tool for biclustering or identifying interpretable row-column associations within high-dimensional data matrices. SSVD seeks a low-rank, checkerboard structured matrix approximation to data matrices. The desired checkerboard structure is achieved by forcing both the left- and right-singular vectors to be sparse, that is, having many zero entries. By interpreting singular vectors as regression coefficient vectors for certain linear regressions, sparsity-inducing regularization penalties are imposed to the least squares regression to produce sparse singular vectors. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed for computing the sparse singular vectors, along with some discussion of penalty parameter selection. A lung cancer microarray dataset and a food nutrition dataset are used to illustrate SSVD as a biclustering method. SSVD is also compared with some existing biclustering methods using simulated datasets.},
affiliation = {Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, U.S.A.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-06 12:21:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 12:21:29 +0100},
doi = {10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01392.x},
pii = {BIOM1392},
pmid = {20163403},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lee-2010-Biometrics_Biclustering%20via%20Spa.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6904},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Borsboom:2006,
author = {D Borsboom},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Can we bring about a velvet revolution in psychological measurement? A rejoinder to commentaries},
number = {3},
pages = {463--467},
volume = {71},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Borsboom-2006-Psychometrika_Can%20we%20bring%20about%20a.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1901},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Uda:2008p812,
author = {Manuela Uda and Renzo Galanello and Serena Sanna and Guillaume Lettre and Vijay G Sankaran and Weimin Chen and Gianluca Usala and Fabio Busonero and Andrea Maschio and Giuseppe Albai and Maria Grazia Piras and Natascia Sestu and Sandra Lai and Mariano Dei and Antonella Mulas and Laura Crisponi and Silvia Naitza and Isadora Asunis and Manila Deiana and Ramaiah Nagaraja and Lucia Perseu and Stefania Satta and Maria Dolores Cipollina and Carla Sollaino and Paolo Moi and Joel N Hirschhorn and Stuart H Orkin and Gon{\c c}alo R Abecasis and David Schlessinger and Antonio Cao},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
title = {Genome-wide association study shows BCL11A associated with persistent fetal hemoglobin and amelioration of the phenotype of beta-thalassemia},
abstract = {beta-Thalassemia and sickle cell disease both display a great deal of phenotypic heterogeneity, despite being generally thought of as simple Mendelian diseases. The reasons for this are not well understood, although the level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is one well characterized ameliorating factor in both of these conditions. To better understand the genetic basis of this heterogeneity, we carried out genome-wide scans with 362,129 common SNPs on 4,305 Sardinians to look for genetic linkage and association with HbF levels, as well as other red blood cell-related traits. Among major variants affecting HbF levels, SNP rs11886868 in the BCL11A gene was strongly associated with this trait (P < 10(-35)). The C allele frequency was significantly higher in Sardinian individuals with elevated HbF levels, detected by screening for beta-thalassemia, and patients with attenuated forms of beta-thalassemia vs. those with thalassemia major. We also show that the same BCL11A variant is strongly associated with HbF levels in a large cohort of sickle cell patients. These results indicate that BCL11A variants, by modulating HbF levels, act as an important ameliorating factor of the beta-thalassemia phenotype, and it is likely they could help ameliorate other hemoglobin disorders. We expect our findings will help to characterize the molecular mechanisms of fetal globin regulation and could eventually contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches for beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.},
affiliation = {Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.},
number = {5},
pages = {1620--5},
volume = {105},
year = {2008},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Italy, Linkage (Genetics), Nuclear Proteins, Gene Frequency, Cohort Studies, Carrier Proteins, Female, Adult, Adolescent, Genome: Human, Fetal Hemoglobin, Humans, Aged, Middle Aged, Aged: 80 and over, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, beta-Thalassemia, Male, Phenotype},
date-added = {2010-01-03 17:23:40 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 17:23:40 +0100},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0711566105},
pii = {0711566105},
pmid = {18245381},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Uda-2008-Proc%20Natl%20Acad%20Sci%20USA_Genome-wide%20associat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p812},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Pan:2006p5365,
author = {Wen-Harn Pan and Ke-Shiuan Lynn and Chun-Houh Chen and Yi-Lin Wu and Chung-Yen Lin and Hsing-Yi Chang},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Using endophenotypes for pathway clusters to map complex disease genes},
abstract = {Nature determines the complexity of disease etiology and the likelihood of revealing disease genes. While culprit genes for many monogenic diseases have been successfully unraveled, efforts to map major complex disease genes have not been as productive as hoped. The conceptual framework currently adopted to deal with the heterogeneous nature of complex diseases focuses on using homogeneous internal features of the disease phenotype for mapping. However, phenotypic homogeneity does not equal genotypic homogeneity. In this report, we advocate working with well-measured phenotypes portrayed by amounts of transcripts and activities of gene products or their metabolites, which are pertinent to relatively small pathway clusters. Reliable and controlled measures for oligogenic traits resulting from proper dissection efforts may enhance statistical power. The large amounts of information obtained on gene and protein expression from technological advances can add to the power of gene finding, particularly for diseases with unclear etiology. Data-mining tools for dimension reduction can assist biologists to reveal novel molecular endophenotypes. However, there are still hurdles to overcome, including high cost, relatively poor reproducibility and comparability among platforms, the cross-sectional nature of the information, and the accessibility of human tissues. Concerted efforts are required to carry out large-scale prospective studies that are integrated at the levels of phenotype characterization, high throughput experimental techniques, data analyses, and beyond.},
affiliation = {Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Taipei, Taiwan 11529. pan@ibms.sinica.edu.tw},
number = {2},
pages = {143--54},
volume = {30},
year = {2006},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Models: Statistical, Hypertension, Humans, Quantitative Trait Loci, Models: Genetic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Male, Chromosome Mapping, Phenotype},
date-added = {2010-02-11 09:16:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-11 09:16:31 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20136},
pmid = {16437587},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5365},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Henson:2002,
author = {R K Henson and D Hwang},
journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
title = {Variability and prediction of measurement error in Kolb's Learning Style Inventory scores: A reliability generalization study},
volume = {62},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1979},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hettema:2001p7212,
author = {J M Hettema and M C Neale and K S Kendler},
journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
title = {A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted meta-analyses of data from family and twin studies of panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to explore the roles of genetic and environmental factors in their etiology. METHOD: MEDLINE searches were performed to identify potential primary studies of these disorders. Data from studies that met inclusion criteria were incorporated into meta-analyses that estimated summary statistics of aggregate familial risk and heritability for each disorder. RESULTS: For family studies, odds ratios predicting association of illness in first-degree relatives with affection status of the proband (disorder present or absent) were homogeneous across studies for all disorders. The calculated summary odds ratios ranged from 4 to 6, depending on the disorder. Only for panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder could the authors identify more than one large-scale twin study for meta-analysis. These yielded heritabilities of 0.43 for panic disorder and 0.32 for generalized anxiety disorder. For panic disorder, the remaining variance in liability could be attributed primarily to nonshared environment. For generalized anxiety disorder, this was true for men, but for women, a potentially significant role for common familial environment was also seen. CONCLUSIONS: Panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and OCD all have significant familial aggregation. For panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and probably phobias, genes largely explain this familial aggregation; the role of family environment in generalized anxiety disorder is uncertain. The role of nonshared environmental experience is significant, underscoring the importance of identifying putative environmental risk factors that predispose individuals to anxiety.},
affiliation = {Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Pychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298-0126, USA.},
number = {10},
pages = {1568--78},
volume = {158},
year = {2001},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Odds Ratio, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Humans, Anxiety Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Family, Female, Phobic Disorders, Twin Studies as Topic, Risk Factors, Panic Disorder, Sex Factors, Social Environment},
date-added = {2010-03-08 19:25:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:51:28 +0200},
pmid = {11578982},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hettema-2001-Am%20J%20Psychiatry_A%20review%20and%20meta-an.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7212},
rating = {0}
}

@article{DeBie:2007p4752,
author = {T De Bie and J Shawe-Taylor},
title = {Bounding the k-family-wise error rate using resampling methods},
abstract = {The multiple hypothesis testing (MHT) problem has long been tackled by controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER), which is the probability that any of the hypotheses tested is unjustly rejected. The best known method to achieve FWER control is the Bonferroni correc- tion, but more powerful techniques such as step-up and step-down meth- ods exist. A particular challenge to be dealt with in MHT problems is the unknown dependency structure between the tests. The above-mentioned approaches make worst-case assumptions in this regard, which makes them extremely conservative in practical situations, where positive de- pendencies between the tests are abundant. In this paper we consider randomisation strategies to overcome this problem, and provide a rigor- ous statistical analysis of the finite-sample behaviour. Furthermore, we extend our results to an approach to control the k-FWER as introduced by [7]. Another result is a uniform bound on the k-FWER, uniform over a specified set of values of k, which additionally allows to control the false discovery proportion (FDP, see e.g. [7]). Our methods are essentially assumption free, and by effectively taking into account dependencies be- tween the tests their strong power is ensured in all situations.},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-02-01 12:05:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-01 12:06:19 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/De%20Bie-2007-_Bounding%20the%20k-famil.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4752},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gout:2010p12097,
author = {Jean-Fran{\c c}ois Gout and Daniel Kahn and Laurent Duret and Paramecium Post-Genomics Consortium},
journal = {PLoS Genet},
title = {The Relationship among Gene Expression, the Evolution of Gene Dosage, and the Rate of Protein Evolution},
abstract = {The understanding of selective constraints affecting genes is a major issue in biology. It is well established that gene expression level is a major determinant of the rate of protein evolution, but the reasons for this relationship remain highly debated. Here we demonstrate that gene expression is also a major determinant of the evolution of gene dosage: the rate of gene losses after whole genome duplications in the Paramecium lineage is negatively correlated to the level of gene expression, and this relationship is not a byproduct of other factors known to affect the fate of gene duplicates. This indicates that changes in gene dosage are generally more deleterious for highly expressed genes. This rule also holds for other taxa: in yeast, we find a clear relationship between gene expression level and the fitness impact of reduction in gene dosage. To explain these observations, we propose a model based on the fact that the optimal expression level of a gene corresponds to a trade-off between the benefit and cost of its expression. This COSTEX model predicts that selective pressure against mutations changing gene expression level or affecting the encoded protein should on average be stronger in highly expressed genes and hence that both the frequency of gene loss and the rate of protein evolution should correlate negatively with gene expression. Thus, the COSTEX model provides a simple and common explanation for the general relationship observed between the level of gene expression and the different facets of gene evolution.},
affiliation = {Laboratoire de Biom{\'e}trie et Biologie Evolutive, Universit{\'e} de Lyon, Universit{\'e} Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, INRIA, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France.},
number = {5},
pages = {e1000944},
volume = {6},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-05-24 12:37:20 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-24 12:37:21 +0200},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1000944},
pmid = {20485561},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gout-2010-PLoS%20Genet_The%20Relationship%20amo.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12097},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Meijer:1997p2700,
author = {R R Meijer and M L Nering},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {Trait Level Estimation for Nonfitting Response Vectors},
number = {4},
pages = {321--336},
volume = {21},
year = {1997},
date-added = {2010-01-13 10:19:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:16:54 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Meijer-1997-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_Trait%20Level%20Estimati.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2700},
rating = {0}
}

@article{AutismandDevelopmentalDisabilitiesMonitoringNetworkSurveillanceYear2006PrincipalInvestigators:2009p6146,
author = {Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2006 Principal Investigators and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)},
journal = {MMWR Surveill Summ},
title = {Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, United States, 2006},
abstract = {PROBLEM/CONDITION: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by atypical development in socialization, communication, and behavior. ASDs typically are apparent before age 3 years, with associated impairments affecting multiple areas of a person's life. Because no biologic marker exists for ASDs, identification is made by professionals who evaluate a child's developmental progress to identify the presence of developmental disorders. REPORTING PERIOD: 2006. METHODS: Earlier surveillance efforts indicated that age 8 years is a reasonable index age at which to monitor peak prevalence. The identified prevalence of ASDs in U.S. children aged 8 years was estimated through a systematic retrospective review of evaluation records in multiple sites participating in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. Data were collected from existing records in 11 ADDM Network sites (areas of Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Wisconsin) for 2006. To analyze changes in identified ASD prevalence, CDC compared the 2006 data with data collected from 10 sites (all sites noted above except Florida) in 2002. Children aged 8 years with a notation of an ASD or descriptions consistent with an ASD were identified through screening and abstraction of existing health and education records containing professional assessments of the child's developmental progress at health-care or education facilities. Children aged 8 years whose parent(s) or legal guardian(s) resided in the respective areas in 2006 met the case definition for an ASD if their records documented behaviors consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder--not otherwise specified (PDD NOS), or Asperger disorder. Presence of an identified ASD was determined through a review of data abstracted from developmental evaluation records by trained clinician reviewers. RESULTS: For the 2006 surveillance year, 2,757 (0.9%) of 307,790 children aged 8 years residing in the 11 ADDM sites were identified as having an ASD, indicating an overall average prevalence of 9.0 per 1,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.6-9.3). ASD prevalence per 1,000 children aged 8 years ranged from 4.2 in Florida to 12.1 in Arizona and Missouri, with prevalence for the majority of sites ranging between 7.6 and 10.4. For 2006, ASD prevalence was significantly lower in Florida (p<0.001) and Alabama (p<0.05) and higher in Arizona and Missouri (p<0.05) than in all other sites. The ratio of males to females ranged from 3.2:1 in Alabama to 7.6:1 in Florida. ASD prevalence varied by type of ascertainment source, with higher average prevalence in sites with access to health and education records (10.0) compared with sites with health records only (7.5). Although parental or professional concerns regarding development before age 36 months were noted in the evaluation records of the majority of children who were identified as having an ASD, the median age of earliest documented ASD diagnosis was much later (range: 41 months [Florida]-60 months [Colorado]). Of 10 sites that collected data for both the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years, nine observed an increase in ASD prevalence (range: 27%-95% increase; p<0.01), with increases among males in all sites and among females in four of 11 sites, and variation among other subgroups. INTERPRETATION: In 2006, on average, approximately 1% or one child in every 110 in the 11 ADDM sites was classified as having an ASD (approximate range: 1:80-1:240 children [males: 1:70; females: 1:315]). The average prevalence of ASDs identified among children aged 8 years increased 57% in 10 sites from the 2002 to the 2006 ADDM surveillance year. Although improved ascertainment accounts for some of the prevalence increases documented in the ADDM sites, a true increase in the risk for children to develop ASD symptoms cannot be ruled out. On average, although delays in identification persisted, ASDs were being diagnosed by community professionals at earlier ages in 2006 than in 2002. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: These results indicate an increased prevalence of identified ASDs among U.S. children aged 8 years and underscore the need to regard ASDs as an urgent public health concern. Continued monitoring is needed to document and understand changes over time, including the multiple ascertainment and potential risk factors likely to be contributing. Research is needed to ascertain the factors that put certain persons at risk, and concerted efforts are essential to provide support for persons with ASDs, their families, and communities to improve long-term outcome.},
number = {10},
pages = {1--20},
volume = {58},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child, Male, Cognition, Population Surveillance, Continental Population Groups, Female, United States, Data Collection, Child Development Disorders: Pervasive, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Prevalence},
date-added = {2010-02-19 20:12:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 20:12:46 +0100},
pii = {ss5809a1},
pmid = {20023608},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Autism%20and%20Developmental%20Disabilities%20Monitoring%20Network%20Surveillance%20Year%202006%20Principal%20Investigators-2009-MMWR%20Surveill%20Summ_Prevalence%20of%20autism.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6146},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sirota:2009p9579,
author = {Marina Sirota and Marc A Schaub and Serafim Batzoglou and William H Robinson and Atul J Butte},
journal = {PLoS Genet},
title = {Autoimmune disease classification by inverse association with SNP alleles},
abstract = {With multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed across autoimmune diseases, there is a great opportunity to study the homogeneity of genetic architectures across autoimmune disease. Previous approaches have been limited in the scope of their analysis and have failed to properly incorporate the direction of allele-specific disease associations for SNPs. In this work, we refine the notion of a genetic variation profile for a given disease to capture strength of association with multiple SNPs in an allele-specific fashion. We apply this method to compare genetic variation profiles of six autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease (CD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D), as well as five non-autoimmune diseases. We quantify pair-wise relationships between these diseases and find two broad clusters of autoimmune disease where SNPs that make an individual susceptible to one class of autoimmune disease also protect from diseases in the other autoimmune class. We find that RA and AS form one such class, and MS and ATD another. We identify specific SNPs and genes with opposite risk profiles for these two classes. We furthermore explore individual SNPs that play an important role in defining similarities and differences between disease pairs. We present a novel, systematic, cross-platform approach to identify allele-specific relationships between disease pairs based on genetic variation as well as the individual SNPs which drive the relationships. While recognizing similarities between diseases might lead to identifying novel treatment options, detecting differences between diseases previously thought to be similar may point to key novel disease-specific genes and pathways.},
affiliation = {Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.},
number = {12},
pages = {e1000792},
volume = {5},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Humans, Autoimmune Diseases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Alleles},
date-added = {2010-03-24 22:26:11 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-24 22:26:11 +0100},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1000792},
pmid = {20041220},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sirota-2009-PLoS%20Genet_Autoimmune%20disease%20c.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9579},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Roscoe:2010p13490,
author = {A M Roscoe and J N Sheth and W Howell},
title = {Intertechnique cross-validation in Cluster Analysis},
date-added = {2010-07-01 22:24:22 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 22:25:13 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Roscoe--_Intertechnique%20cross.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13490},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Xu:2009p2752,
author = {Bin Xu and Abigail Woodroffe and Laura Rodriguez-Murillo and J Louw Roos and Elizabeth J van Rensburg and Gon{\c c}alo R Abecasis and Joseph A Gogos and Maria Karayiorgou},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
title = {Elucidating the genetic architecture of familial schizophrenia using rare copy number variant and linkage scans},
abstract = {To elucidate the genetic architecture of familial schizophrenia we combine linkage analysis with studies of fine-level chromosomal variation in families recruited from the Afrikaner population in South Africa. We demonstrate that individually rare inherited copy number variants (CNVs) are more frequent in cases with familial schizophrenia as compared to unaffected controls and affect almost exclusively genic regions. Interestingly, we find that while the prevalence of rare structural variants is similar in familial and sporadic cases, the type of variants is markedly different. In addition, using a high-density linkage scan with a panel of nearly 2,000 markers, we identify a region on chromosome 13q34 that shows genome-wide significant linkage to schizophrenia and show that in the families not linked to this locus, there is evidence for linkage to chromosome 1p36. No causative CNVs were identified in either locus. Overall, our results from approaches designed to detect risk variants with relatively low frequency and high penetrance in a well-defined and relatively homogeneous population, provide strong empirical evidence supporting the notion that multiple genetic variants, including individually rare ones, that affect many different genes contribute to the genetic risk of familial schizophrenia. They also highlight differences in the genetic architecture of the familial and sporadic forms of the disease.},
affiliation = {Departments of Psychiatry, Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.},
number = {39},
pages = {16746--51},
volume = {106},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Linkage (Genetics), South Africa, Cohort Studies, Humans, Gene Dosage, Schizophrenia, Genome: Human, Genetic Variation},
date-added = {2010-01-13 14:21:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 14:21:29 +0100},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0908584106},
pii = {0908584106},
pmid = {19805367},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2752},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Guo:2005p4754,
author = {H Guo and L Wang and H Liu},
journal = {International Journal of Information Technology},
title = {Kernel Partial Least Squares Based On Least Squares Support Vector Machine Primal Dual Optimization
Problems},
abstract = {Partial Least Squares (PLS) and its kernel version (KPLS) have become competitive regression approaches. KPLS performs as well as or better than support vector regression (SVR) for moderately sized problems with the advantages of simple implementation, less training cost, and easier tuning of parameters. As a result, we present a simple and straightforward least square support vector machine formulation to the problem of kernel Partial Least Squares (KPLS). In the paper a least squares support vector machine style deduction is given with a primal-dual optimization problem formulation for the kernel partial least squares. Finally, the model is illustrated on some examples. This shows that the method proposed is effective and superior.},
number = {9},
pages = {28--34},
volume = {11},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-02-01 12:08:01 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-01 12:09:20 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Guo-2005-International%20Journal%20of%20Information%20Technology_Kernel%20Partial%20Least.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4754},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Clarke:2007p3834,
author = {Geraldine M Clarke and Kim W Carter and Lyle J Palmer and Andrew P Morris and Lon R Cardon},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
title = {Fine mapping versus replication in whole-genome association studies},
abstract = {Association replication studies have a poor track record and, even when successful, often claim association with different markers, alleles, and phenotypes than those reported in the primary study. It is unknown whether these outcomes reflect genuine associations or false-positive results. A greater understanding of these observations is essential for genomewide association (GWA) studies, since they have the potential to identify multiple new associations that that will require external validation. Theoretically, a repeat association with precisely the same variant in an independent sample is the gold standard for replication, but testing additional variants is commonplace in replication studies. Finding different associated SNPs within the same gene or region as that originally identified is often reported as confirmatory evidence. Here, we compare the probability of replicating a gene or region under two commonly used marker-selection strategies: an "exact" approach that involves only the originally significant markers and a "local" approach that involves both the originally significant markers and others in the same region. When a region of high intermarker linkage disequilibrium is tested to replicate an initial finding that is only weak association with disease, the local approach is a good strategy. Otherwise, the most powerful and efficient strategy for replication involves testing only the initially identified variants. Association with a marker other than that originally identified can occur frequently, even in the presence of real effects in a low-powered replication study, and instances of such association increase as the number of included variants increases. Our results provide a basis for the design and interpretation of GWA replication studies and point to the importance of a clear distinction between fine mapping and replication after GWA.},
affiliation = {Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.},
number = {5},
pages = {995--1005},
volume = {81},
year = {2007},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Markers, Reproducibility of Results, Genome: Human, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Haplotypes},
date-added = {2010-01-16 21:02:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 21:02:19 +0100},
doi = {10.1086/521952},
pii = {S0002-9297(07)63875-0},
pmid = {17924341},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3834},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Jeffery:2007p2347,
author = {Ian B Jeffery and Stephen F Madden and Paul A McGettigan and Guy Perri{\`e}re and Aed{\'\i}n C Culhane and Desmond G Higgins},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {Integrating transcription factor binding site information with gene expression datasets},
abstract = {MOTIVATION: Microarrays are widely used to measure gene expression differences between sets of biological samples. Many of these differences will be due to differences in the activities of transcription factors. In principle, these differences can be detected by associating motifs in promoters with differences in gene expression levels between the groups. In practice, this is hard to do. RESULTS: We combine correspondence analysis, between group analysis and co-inertia analysis to determine which motifs, from a database of promoter motifs, are strongly associated with differences in gene expression levels. Given a database of motifs and gene expression levels from a set of arrays, the method produces a ranked list of motifs associated with any specified split in the arrays. We give an example using the Gene Atlas compendium of gene expression levels for human tissues where we search for motifs that are associated with expression in central nervous system (CNS) or muscle tissues. Most of the motifs that we find are known from previous work to be strongly associated with expression in CNS or muscle. We give a second example using a published prostate cancer dataset where we can simply and clearly find which transcriptional pathways are associated with differences between benign and metastatic samples. AVAILABILITY: The source code is freely available upon request from the authors.},
affiliation = {UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Ian.Jeffery@ucd.ie},
number = {3},
pages = {298--305},
volume = {23},
year = {2007},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Binding Sites, Prostatic Neoplasms, Humans, Neoplasm Proteins, Genetic Testing, Gene Expression Profiling, Tumor Markers: Biological, Transcription Factors, Algorithms, Systems Integration, DNA: Neoplasm, Databases: Protein, Protein Binding},
date-added = {2010-01-10 13:32:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 13:32:10 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btl597},
pii = {btl597},
pmid = {17127681},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Jeffery-2007-Bioinformatics_Integrating%20transcri.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2347},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Calvo:2007,
author = {R A Calvo and M Partridge and M A Jabri},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {A Comparative Study of Principal Component Analysis Techniques},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Calvo-2007-Miscellaneous_A%20Comparative%20Study.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2082},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Costafreda:2009p12775,
author = {Sergi G Costafreda and Carlton Chu and John Ashburner and Cynthia H Y Fu},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
title = {Prognostic and diagnostic potential of the structural neuroanatomy of depression},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression is experienced as a persistent low mood or anhedonia accompanied by behavioural and cognitive disturbances which impair day to day functioning. However, the diagnosis is largely based on self-reported symptoms, and there are no neurobiological markers to guide the choice of treatment. In the present study, we examined the prognostic and diagnostic potential of the structural neural correlates of depression. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Subjects were 37 patients with major depressive disorder (mean age 43.2 years), medication-free, in an acute depressive episode, and 37 healthy individuals. Following the MRI scan, 30 patients underwent treatment with the antidepressant medication fluoxetine or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Of the patients who subsequently achieved clinical remission with antidepressant medication, the whole brain structural neuroanatomy predicted 88.9% of the clinical response, prior to the initiation of treatment (88.9% patients in clinical remission (sensitivity) and 88.9% patients with residual symptoms (specificity), p = 0.01). Accuracy of the structural neuroanatomy as a diagnostic marker though was 67.6% (64.9% patients (sensitivity) and 70.3% healthy individuals (specificity), p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The structural neuroanatomy of depression shows high predictive potential for clinical response to antidepressant medication, while its diagnostic potential is more limited. The present findings provide initial steps towards the development of neurobiological prognostic markers for depression.},
affiliation = {Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.},
number = {7},
pages = {e6353},
volume = {4},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Fluoxetine, Cognitive Therapy, Case-Control Studies, Middle Aged, Adult, Male, Depression, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Combined Modality Therapy, Prognosis, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female},
date-added = {2010-06-18 20:41:58 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-18 20:41:58 +0200},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0006353},
pmid = {19633718},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Costafreda-2009-PLoS%20ONE_Prognostic%20and%20diagn.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12775},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wille:2010p13376,
author = {Nora Wille and Xavier Badia and Gouke Bonsel and Kristina Burstr{\"o}m and Gulia Cavrini and Nancy Devlin and Ann-Charlotte Egmar and Wolfgang Greiner and Narcis Gusi and Michael Herdman and Jennifer Jelsma and Paul Kind and Luciana Scalone and Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {Development of the EQ-5D-Y: a child-friendly version of the EQ-5D},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To develop a self-report version of the EQ-5D for younger respondents, named the EQ-5D-Y (Youth); to test its comprehensibility for children and adolescents and to compare results obtained using the standard adult EQ-5D and the EQ-5D-Y. METHODS: An international task force revised the content of EQ-5D and wording to ensure relevance and clarity for young respondents. Children's and adolescents' understanding of the EQ-5D-Y was tested in cognitive interviews after the instrument was translated into German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish. Differences between the EQ-5D and the EQ-5D-Y regarding frequencies of reported problems were investigated in Germany, Spain and South Africa. RESULTS: The content of the EQ-5D dimensions proved to be appropriate for the measurement of HRQOL in young respondents. The wording of the questionnaire had to be adapted which led to small changes in the meaning of some items and answer options. The adapted EQ-5D-Y was satisfactorily understood by children and adolescents in different countries. It was better accepted and proved more feasible than the EQ-5D. The administration of the EQ-5D and of the EQ-5D-Y causes differences in frequencies of reported problems. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed EQ-5D-Y is a useful tool to measure HRQOL in young people in an age-appropriate manner.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychosomatics in Children and Adolescents, Research Unit Child Public Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.},
number = {6},
pages = {875--86},
volume = {19},
year = {2010},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-07-01 19:12:34 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-010-9648-y},
pmid = {20405245},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wille-2010-Qual%20Life%20Res_Development%20of%20the%20E.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13376},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Petrill:2009p7610,
author = {Stephen A Petrill and Yulia Kovas and Sara A Hart and Lee A Thompson and Robert Plomin},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {The genetic and environmental etiology of high math performance in 10-year-old twins},
abstract = {The genetic and environmental etiology of high math performance (at or above the 85%tile) was examined in a population-based sample of 10-year-old twins (nMZ = 1,279, nDZ = 2,305). Math skills were assessed using a web-based battery of math performance tapping skills related to the UK National Math Curriculum. Probandwise concordance rates and liability threshold models indicated that genetic and shared environmental influences were significant, and that these estimates were generally similar to those obtained across the normal range of ability and did not vary significantly by gender. These results suggest that the genetic and environmental influences at the high end of ability are likely to be continuous with those that affect the entire range of math performance across all children irrespective of gender.},
affiliation = {Department of Human Development and Family Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. spetrill@ehe.osu.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {371--9},
volume = {39},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child, Female, Twins: Dizygotic, Intelligence, Male, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Mathematics, Epistasis: Genetic, Humans, England, Aptitude Tests, Twins: Monozygotic, Aptitude, Wales},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:10:52 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-009-9258-z},
pmid = {19247827},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Petrill-2009-Behav%20Genet_The%20genetic%20and%20envi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7610},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brunet:2010p6653,
author = {G Brunet},
title = {A Mixture Model for Learning Sparse Representations},
abstract = {In a latent variable model, an overcomplete representation is one in which the number of latent variables is at least as large as the dimension of the data ob- servations. Overcomplete representations have been advocated due to robustness in the presence of noise, the ability to be sparse, and an inherent flexibility in modeling the structure of data [9]. In this report, we modify factor analysis to obtain a method for learning overcomplete sparse representations by replacing the Gaussian prior on the factors with a prior that encourages sparseness. This is achieved by using the factorable Laplacian, which implicitly adds a lasso-type penalty term on the latent variables. In order to approximate the intractable inte- grals introduced into this model, a variational technique is used to lower bound the posterior distributions. Using this lower bound, it is possible to develop an Expectation-Maximization (EM) learning algorithm for estimating the model pa- rameters. We use this technique to extend the sparse factor analysis model to a mixture of sparse factor analyzers and develop an EM algorithm. The new EM algorithm for the mixture model is applied to a handwritten digit recognition problem and is compared to existing methods.},
date-added = {2010-03-03 20:39:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-03 20:39:28 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Brunet--_A%20Mixture%20Model%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6653},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fox:2003,
author = {Jean-Paul Fox},
journal = {British Journal of Mathematical {\&} Statistical Psychology},
title = {Stochastic EM for Estimating the Parameters of a Multilevel IRT Model},
pages = {65--81},
volume = {56},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:22:12 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fox-2003-British%20Journal%20of%20Mathematical%20&%20Statistical%20Psychology_Stochastic%20EM%20for%20Es.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2164},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Meda:2009p5839,
author = {Shashwath A Meda and Kanchana Jagannathan and Joel Gelernter and Vince D Calhoun and Jingyu Liu and Michael C Stevens and Godfrey D Pearlson},
journal = {Neuroimage},
title = {A pilot multivariate parallel ICA study to investigate differential linkage between neural networks and genetic profiles in schizophrenia},
abstract = {Understanding genetic influences on both healthy and disordered brain function is a major focus in psychiatric neuroimaging. We utilized task-related imaging findings from an fMRI auditory oddball task known to be robustly associated with abnormal activation in schizophrenia, to investigate genomic factors derived from multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genes previously shown to be associated with schizophrenia. Our major aim was to investigate the relationship of these genomic factors to normal/abnormal brain functionality between controls and schizophrenia patients. We studied a Caucasian-only sample of 35 healthy controls and 31 schizophrenia patients. All subjects performed an auditory oddball task, which consists of detecting an infrequent sound within a series of frequent sounds. Each subject was characterized on 24 different SNP markers spanning multiple risk genes previously associated with schizophrenia. We used a recently developed technique named parallel independent component analysis (para-ICA) to analyze this multimodal data set (Liu et al., 2008). The method aims to identify simultaneously independent components of each modality (functional imaging, genetics) and the relationships between them. We detected three fMRI components significantly correlated with two distinct gene components. The fMRI components, along with their significant genetic profile (dominant SNP) correlations were as follows: (1) Inferior frontal-anterior/posterior cingulate-thalamus-caudate with SNPs from Brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and dopamine transporter (DAT) [r=-0.51; p<0.0001], (2) superior/middle temporal gyrus-cingulate-premotor with SLC6A4_PR and SLC6A4_PR_AG (serotonin transporter promoter; 5HTTLPR) [r=0.27; p=0.03], and (3) default mode-fronto-temporal gyrus with Brain derived neurotropic factor and dopamine transporter (BDNF, DAT) [r=-0.25; p=0.04]. Functional components comprised task-relevant regions (including PFC, ACC, STG and MTG) frequently identified as abnormal in schizophrenia. Further, gene-fMRI combinations 1 (Z=1.75; p=0.03), 2 (Z=1.84; p=0.03) and 3 (Z=1.67; p=0.04) listed above showed significant differences between controls and patients, based on their correlated loading coefficients. We demonstrate a framework to identify interactions between "clusters" of brain function and of genetic information. Our results reveal the effect/influence of specific interactions, (perhaps epistastatic in nature), between schizophrenia risk genes on imaging endophenotypes representing attention/working memory and goal directed related brain function, thus establishing a useful methodology to probe multivariate genotype-phenotype relationships.},
affiliation = {Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-02-17 10:14:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-17 10:14:06 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.052},
pii = {S1053-8119(09)01237-3},
pmid = {19944766},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Meda-2009-Neuroimage_A%20pilot%20multivariate-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5839},
rating = {0}
}

@article{AutismandDevelopmentalDisabilitiesMonitoringNetworkSurveillanceYear2000PrincipalInvestigators:2007p6080,
author = {Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2000 Principal Investigators and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention},
journal = {MMWR Surveill Summ},
title = {Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders--autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, six sites, United States, 2000},
abstract = {PROBLEM/CONDITION: Data from a population-based, multisite surveillance network were used to determine the prevalence of children aged 8 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in six areas of the United States and to describe the characteristics of these children. REPORTING PERIOD: 2000. METHODS: Children aged 8 years were identified as having an ASD through screening and abstraction of evaluation records at multiple sources, with clinician review of abstracted records to determine case status. Children whose parent(s) or legal guardian(s) resided in one of the six surveillance areas during 2000 and whose records documented behaviors consistent with the American Psychiatric Association's criteria for diagnosing 1) autistic disorder, 2) pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, or 3) Asperger disorder were classified as having an ASD. RESULTS: For 2000, across six sites, a total of 1,252 children aged 8 years were identified as having an ASD. The overall prevalence of ASDs per 1,000 children aged 8 years ranged from 4.5 in West Virginia to 9.9 in New Jersey. With the exception of one surveillance site (Georgia), no statistically significant (p<0.05) differences were identified in the rate of ASDs between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children. The ratio of male-to-female prevalence varied (range: 2.8:1.0-5.5:1.0). The majority of children with ASDs received special education services and had a documented history of concerns regarding their development before age 3 years. The prevalence of children with a previously documented ASD classification varied across sites, but the median age of earliest documented ASD diagnosis was similar across sites (age 52-56 months). For three sites with sufficient data on intelligence quotient (IQ), cognitive impairment (i.e., IQ of </=70) was reported for 40%-62% of children whose conditions were consistent with the case definition for ASD. INTERPRETATION: Findings from this first U.S. multisite collaborative study to monitor ASD prevalence demonstrated consistency across the majority of sites, with prevalence statistically significantly (p<0.001) higher in New Jersey. Average ASD prevalence across all six sites was 6.7 per 1,000 children aged 8 years. These results indicate that ASDs are more common than was believed previously. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: Collecting data regarding prevalence of ASDs by associated characteristics (e.g., cognitive impairment, age of first documented concerns, and history of ASD diagnosis), race/ethnicity, and sex will provide important baseline standards that can be compared with follow-up surveillance data to track changes in ASD prevalence. Knowledge of these characteristics has implications for identification and intervention strategies and for medical and educational service planning for children with ASDs.},
number = {1},
pages = {1--11},
volume = {56},
year = {2007},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Population Surveillance, Female, Autistic Disorder, Asperger Syndrome, Child Development Disorders: Pervasive, Child, Prevalence, United States, Humans, Male},
date-added = {2010-02-19 17:03:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 20:12:41 +0100},
pii = {ss5601a1},
pmid = {17287714},
URL = {http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5601a1.htm},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6080},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Akdemir:2009p11023,
author = {Devrim Akdemir and Berna Pehlivant{\"u}rk and Fatih Unal and Seniz Ozusta},
journal = {Turk Psikiyatri Derg},
title = {[Comparison of attachment-related social behaviors in autistic disorder and developmental disability]},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined social behaviors related to attachment in children with autistic disorder and the differences in these behaviors from those observed in developmentally disabled children. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment behaviors and clinical variables, such as age, cognitive development, severity of autism, language development, and mothers' attachment styles. METHOD: The study group consisted of 19 children with autistic disorder (mean age: 37.9 +/- 6.8 months) and the control group consisted of 18 developmentally disabled children without autistic disorder that were matched with respect to age, gender, and cognitive development. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was administered to all the children by two child psychiatrists. Mothers completed the Relationships Scale Questionnaire (RSQ). Cognitive development of the children was assessed with the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale. Attachment behaviors of the children were evaluated with a modified Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). RESULTS: Attachment behaviors in the children with autistic disorder and in the children with developmental disabilities were similar. In contrast to the developmentally disabled group, the children with autistic disorder stayed closer toward their mothers compared with their responses to strangers. In the autistic disorder group, attachment behaviors were not associated with age, intelligence quotient, or mothers' attachment styles; however, a significant relationship between the severity of autism and the presence of speech was observed. CONCLUSION: Parents' understanding of the attachment needs and the attachment behaviors of their autistic children in the early stages of the disorder may lead to more secure attachment relationships and improved social development.},
affiliation = {Uzm., Hacettepe U Tip Fak., Cocuk Ruh Sa{\u g}li{\u g}i ve Hastaliklari AD., Ankara. devrimakdemir@yahoo.com},
number = {2},
pages = {105--17},
volume = {20},
year = {2009},
month = {Jun},
language = {tur},
keywords = {Child: Preschool, Interpersonal Relations, Mother-Child Relations, Language Development, Severity of Illness Index, Social Behavior, Humans, Autistic Disorder, Parent-Child Relations, Male, Developmental Disabilities, Intelligence, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Female},
date-added = {2010-04-14 13:33:55 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:54:59 +0200},
pii = {700},
pmid = {19504361},
URL = {http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/ftr.aspx?id=700},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Akdemir-2009-Turk%20Psikiyatri%20Derg_%5BComparison%20of%20attac.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11023},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Goldberg:1990p13833,
author = {L R Goldberg},
journal = {J Pers Soc Psychol},
title = {An alternative "description of personality": the big-five factor structure},
abstract = {In the 45 years since Cattell used English trait terms to begin the formulation of his "description of personality," a number of investigators have proposed an alternative structure based on 5 orthogonal factors. The generality of this 5-factor model is here demonstrated across unusually comprehensive sets of trait terms. In the first of 3 studies, 1,431 trait adjectives grouped into 75 clusters were analyzed; virtually identical structures emerged in 10 replications, each based on a different factor-analytic procedure. A 2nd study of 479 common terms grouped into 133 synonym clusters revealed the same structure in 2 samples of self-ratings and in 2 samples of peer ratings. None of the factors beyond the 5th generalized across the samples. In the 3rd study, analyses of 100 clusters derived from 339 trait terms suggest their potential utility as Big-Five markers in future studies.},
affiliation = {University of Oregon, Eugene.},
number = {6},
pages = {1216--29},
volume = {59},
year = {1990},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Female, Male, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Psychometrics, Cattell Personality Factor Questionnaire, Adult, Interpersonal Relations},
date-added = {2010-07-29 17:13:39 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:35:33 +0200},
pmid = {2283588},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Goldberg-1990-J%20Pers%20Soc%20Psychol_An%20alternative%20%22desc.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13833},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dawson:2009p6028,
author = {Somer Dawson and Emma J Glasson and Glenys Dixon and Carol Bower},
journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
title = {Birth defects in children with autism spectrum disorders: a population-based, nested case-control study},
abstract = {The causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are unknown, although genetic and environmental influences have been implicated. Previous studies have suggested an association with birth defects, but most investigators have not addressed associations with specific diagnostic categories of ASD. In this study, the authors investigated the associations between birth defects and autism, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Using Western Australian population-based linked data, the authors compared all children with ASD born in Western Australia during 1980-1995 (n = 465) with their siblings (n = 481) and population controls (n = 1,313) in a nested case-control study. The prevalence of birth defects was significantly higher in ASD cases than in population controls; this difference remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors. Odds ratios for birth defects were similar for autism (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 3.0) and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.3) but not for Asperger syndrome (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.1, 1.9). Birth defects in case siblings were not significantly different from those in cases and population controls. The association between birth defects and ASD may be due to underlying genetic and/or environmental factors common to both ASD and birth defects, or birth defects may predispose a child to ASD.},
affiliation = {Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.},
number = {11},
pages = {1296--303},
volume = {169},
year = {2009},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Asperger Syndrome, Congenital Abnormalities, Male, Infant, Infant: Newborn, Female, Case-Control Studies, Western Australia, Humans, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Autistic Disorder},
date-added = {2010-02-19 17:00:41 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 17:00:41 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwp059},
pii = {kwp059},
pmid = {19372213},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6028},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nguyen:2002p339,
author = {Danh V Nguyen and David M Rocke},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {Tumor classification by partial least squares using microarray gene expression data},
abstract = {MOTIVATION: One important application of gene expression microarray data is classification of samples into categories, such as the type of tumor. The use of microarrays allows simultaneous monitoring of thousands of genes expressions per sample. This ability to measure gene expression en masse has resulted in data with the number of variables p(genes) far exceeding the number of samples N. Standard statistical methodologies in classification and prediction do not work well or even at all when N < p. Modification of existing statistical methodologies or development of new methodologies is needed for the analysis of microarray data. RESULTS: We propose a novel analysis procedure for classifying (predicting) human tumor samples based on microarray gene expressions. This procedure involves dimension reduction using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and classification using Logistic Discrimination (LD) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA). We compare PLS to the well known dimension reduction method of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Under many circumstances PLS proves superior; we illustrate a condition when PCA particularly fails to predict well relative to PLS. The proposed methods were applied to five different microarray data sets involving various human tumor samples: (1) normal versus ovarian tumor; (2) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) versus Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL); (3) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCLL) versus B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (BCLL); (4) normal versus colon tumor; and (5) Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Carcinoma (NSCLC) versus renal samples. Stability of classification results and methods were further assessed by re-randomization studies.},
affiliation = {Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. nguyen@wald.ucdavis.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {39--50},
volume = {18},
year = {2002},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Colonic Neoplasms, Humans, Female, Principal Component Analysis, Discriminant Analysis, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Profiling, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Tumor Cells: Cultured, Least-Squares Analysis, Logistic Models, Ovarian Neoplasms, Leukemia, Neoplasms, Lymphoma},
date-added = {2010-01-03 11:45:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 11:45:30 +0100},
pmid = {11836210},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Nguyen-2002-Bioinformatics_Tumor%20classification.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p339},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Shannon:1948p1527,
author = {C E Shannon},
journal = {The Bell System Technical Journal},
title = {A Mathematical Theory of Communication},
pages = {379-423, 623--656},
volume = {27},
year = {1948},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:02:44 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 16:03:39 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Shannon-1948-The%20Bell%20System%20Technical%20Journal_A%20Mathematical%20Theor.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1527},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rogers:1987p2684,
author = {H J Rogers and J A Hattie},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {A Monte Carlo Investigation of Several Person and Item Fit Statistics for Item Response Models},
number = {1},
pages = {47--57},
volume = {11},
year = {1987},
date-added = {2010-01-13 10:01:47 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:16:54 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rogers-1987-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_A%20Monte%20Carlo%20Invest.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2684},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rowan:2005p4543,
author = {Paul J Rowan and Rayan Al-Jurdi and Shahriar Tavakoli-Tabasi and Mark E Kunik and Sarah L Satrom and Hashem B El-Serag},
journal = {J Clin Gastroenterol},
title = {Physical and psychosocial contributors to quality of life in veterans with hepatitis C not on antiviral therapy},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Treatment-naive hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients report impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL), although causes are unclear. Psychosocial factors may be major determinants of HRQOL. METHODS: We administered a general (Short Form-36; SF-36) and a liver-specific (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire; CLDQ) HRQOL measure to 62 HCV-infected veterans being considered for antiviral therapy. Psychosocial assessment included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders/Non-Patient (SCID-I/NP), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Abbreviated Cook-Medley (ACM) anger measure, and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Measure (SSM). We examined the potential determinants of HRQOL, including psychosocial measures, demographic measures (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical measures (presence of cirrhosis, comorbid medical conditions), and viral data (quantitative PCR). RESULTS: SF-36 scores were significantly lower in HCV-infected patients than published U.S. population norms but similar to those reported by previous studies of HCV-infected samples. CLDQ scores were very similar to those reported by previous studies. Demographic, clinical, and viral indicators were not statistically associated with HRQOL, and neither was the presence of a substance abuse or psychotic disorder. Lower BDI-II and BAI scores were associated with better general and disease-specific HRQOL. Lower SSM scores were associated with lower scores on SF-36 but not CLDQ; however, this effect did not persist in multiple linear regression analyses. In these, BDI-II was the strongest independent predictor of both SF-36 and CLDQ. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial factors, especially depression, are strong indicators of impaired HRQOL for HCV-infected veterans not receiving antiviral therapy. Screening and treatment of psychosocial factors is recommended.},
affiliation = {Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.},
number = {8},
pages = {731--6},
volume = {39},
year = {2005},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Adult, United States, Severity of Illness Index, Disease Progression, Antiviral Agents, Socioeconomic Factors, Aged, Hepatitis C: Chronic, Veterans, Male, Humans, Health Status, Psychological Tests, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Female},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:29:27 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-29 22:29:28 +0100},
pii = {00004836-200509000-00016},
pmid = {16082286},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4543},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Parodi:2003p2926,
author = {S Parodi and M Muselli and V Fontana and S Bonassi},
title = {ROC curves are a suitable and flexible tool for the analysis of gene expression profiles},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-13 22:13:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 22:14:08 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Parodi-2003-_ROC%20curves%20are%20a%20sui.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2926},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Arnett:2000p8232,
author = {P A Arnett and J P Newman},
journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
title = {Gray's three-arousal model: an empirical investigation},
abstract = {We evaluated the validity of Gray's and Fowles' three-arousal model in two studies of criminal o􏰞enders using a continuous motor task involving rewards and punishments. Consistent with predictions for the behavioral approach/activation system (BAS), o􏰞enders displayed signi{\textregistered}cant ( p < 0.00001) increases in response time and heart rate (HR) from a no-incentive practice phase to a reward-only (experiment 1) and active-avoidance (experiment 2) phase. Trait impulsivity was correlated with the response time index of BAS activation in experiment 1 but not experiment 2. Consistent with predictions for the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), o􏰞enders showed a signi{\textregistered}cant increase in number of skin conductance responses (SCRs) ( p < 0.05) from a reward-only to a mixed-incentive phase in experiment 1 and a signi{\textregistered}cant increase in SC amplitude to punishment cues in both experiments. Consistent with predictions for the dynamics of the model, participants showed signi{\textregistered}cant slowing of response time ( p < 0.0001) from reward-only (experiment 1) or active avoidance (experiment 2) to mixed-incentive phases despite showing an initial tendency toward response facilitation to the onset of the punishment cue signifying the beginning of the mixed-incentive phases. Participants also showed signi{\textregistered}cant ( p < 0.002) decreases in HR between these phases in both studies, but this e􏰞ect was only evident on trial 1. The BIS-in ̄uenced response time and HR indices were signi{\textregistered}cantly ( p < 0.05) correlated with anxiety in experiment 1, but unexpectedly, anxiety was not correlated with SC indices of the BIS in either study. Although much of the data support the validity of the Gray/Fowles model, particular {\textregistered}ndings suggest that further re{\textregistered}nement of this theory is indicated. },
note = {psytools},
pages = {1171--1189},
volume = {28},
year = {2000},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:58:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:59:22 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Arnett-2000-Personality%20and%20Individual%20Differences_Gray's%20three-arousal.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8232},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Meredith:1993p13805,
author = {W Meredith},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance},
abstract = {Several concepts are introduced and defined: measurement invariance, structural bias, weak measurement invariance, strong factorial invariance, and strict factorial invariance. It is shownthat factorialinvariancehas implicationsfor(weak)measurementinvariance. Definitions of fairness in employment/admissionstesting and salary equity are provided and it is argued that strict factorial invariance is required for fairness/equity to exist. Implications for item and test bias are developed and it is argued that item or test bias probably depends on the existence of latent variables that are irrelevant to the primary goal of test constructers.},
number = {4},
pages = {525--543},
volume = {58},
year = {1993},
date-added = {2010-07-29 12:21:33 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 12:22:19 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Meredith-1993-Psychometrika_Measurement%20invarian.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13805},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kramer:2005p4544,
author = {Ludwig Kramer and Harald Hofer and Edith Bauer and Georg Funk and Elisabeth Formann and Petra Steindl-Munda and Peter Ferenci},
journal = {AIDS},
title = {Relative impact of fatigue and subclinical cognitive brain dysfunction on health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C infection},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the relative impact of fatigue and subclinical cognitive brain dysfunction on the impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in 120 patients with untreated chronic HCV infection to test the hypothesis that the severity of fatigue had an independent effect on HCV-associated impairment of HRQL. Patients were investigated using the short-form-36 questionnaire, the fatigue impact scale, the brief fatigue inventory, and P300 event-related potentials, as an objective correlate of neurocognitive function. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or clinical depression were excluded. RESULTS: Relative to healthy controls, HCV-infected patients showed significant levels of fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale, 49 versus 26 points, brief fatigue inventory, 3.0 versus 1.6 points, P < 0.001). Fatigue impact scale and brief fatigue inventory scores were highly correlated (r = 0.77, P < 0.001), demonstrating concurrent validity. Severity of fatigue and age were the only factors independently associated with the impairment of HRQL (P < 0.001). Fatigue was not related to the severity of hepatitis or the degree of subclinical brain dysfunction. CONCLUSION: In untreated patients with chronic HCV infection, fatigue severity and age but not neurocognitive dysfunction or hepatic function are independently associated with impaired HRQL. Both the fatigue impact scale and the brief fatigue inventory are suitable tools to assess the subjective burden of fatigue. Our findings stress the need for effective therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of fatigue in patients with HCV infection.},
affiliation = {Department of Medicine IV, Medical University Vienna, Austria. ludwig.kramer@meduniwien.ac.at},
pages = {S85--92},
volume = {19 Suppl 3},
year = {2005},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Hepatitis C: Chronic, Male, Female, Cognition Disorders, Psychometrics, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Status Indicators, Event-Related Potentials: P300, Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Humans, Age Factors, Fatigue, Adult, Quality of Life, Middle Aged},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:29:32 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:12:25 +0200},
pii = {00002030-200510003-00014},
pmid = {16251834},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4544},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vendramin:2009p11916,
author = {L Vendramin and R J G B Campello and E R Hruschka},
title = {On the Comparison of Relative Clustering Validity Criteria},
abstract = {Many different relative clustering validity criteria exist that are very useful in practice as quantitative mea- sures for evaluating the quality of data partitions, and new criteria have still been proposed from time to time. These criteria are endowed with particular features that may make each of them able to outperform others in specific classes of problems. Then, it is a hard task for the user to choose a specific criterion when he or she faces such a variety of possibilities. For this reason, a relevant issue within the field of cluster analysis con- sists of comparing the performances of existing validity criteria and, eventually, that of a new criterion to be proposed. In spite of this, there are some conceptual flaws in the comparison paradigm traditionally adopted in the literature. The present paper presents an alterna- tive methodology for comparing clustering validity crite- ria and uses it to make an extensive comparison of the performances of 4 well-known validity criteria and 20 variants of them over a collection of 142,560 partitions of 324 different data sets of a given class of interest.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-05-23 16:40:30 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 16:41:55 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vendramin-2009-_On%20the%20Comparison%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11916},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Wu:2008p4360,
author = {Xiao-yan Wu and Zhen-yu Wu and Kang Li},
journal = {Chin Med J},
title = {Identification of differential gene expression for microarray data using recursive random forest},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The major difficulty in the research of DNA microarray data is the large number of genes compared with the relatively small number of samples as well as the complex data structure. Random forest has received much attention recently; its primary characteristic is that it can form a classification model from the data with high dimensionality. However, optimal results can not be obtained for gene selection since it is still affected by undifferentiated genes. We proposed recursive random forest analysis and applied it to gene selection. METHODS: Recursive random forest, which is an improvement of random forest, obtains optimal differentiated genes after step by step dropping of genes which, according to a certain algorithm, have no effects on classification. The method has the advantage of random forest and provides a gene importance scale as well. The value of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which synthesizes the information of sensitivity and specificity, is adopted as the key standard for evaluating the performance of this method. The focus of the paper is to validate the effectiveness of gene selection using recursive random forest through the analysis of five microarray datasets; colon, prostate, leukemia, breast and skin data. RESULTS: Five microarray datasets were analyzed and better classification results have been attained using only a few genes after gene selection. The biological information of the selected genes from breast and skin data was confirmed according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The results prove that the genes associated with diseases can be effectively retained by recursive random forest. CONCLUSIONS: Recursive random forest can be effectively applied to microarray data analysis and gene selection. The retained genes in the optimal model provide important information for clinical diagnoses and research of the biological mechanism of diseases.},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.},
number = {24},
pages = {2492--6},
volume = {121},
year = {2008},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Algorithms, Gene Expression Profiling, Models: Statistical, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis},
date-added = {2010-01-28 13:26:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-28 13:26:45 +0100},
pmid = {19187584},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wu-2008-Chin%20Med%20J_Identification%20of%20di.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4360},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vezoli:2004p5613,
author = {Julien Vezoli and Arnaud Falchier and Bertrand Jouve and Kenneth Knoblauch and Malcolm Young and Henry Kennedy},
journal = {Neuroscientist},
title = {Quantitative analysis of connectivity in the visual cortex: extracting function from structure},
abstract = {It is generally agreed that information flow through the cortex is constrained by a hierarchical architecture. Lack of precise data on areal connectivity leads to indeterminacy of existing models. The authors introduce two quantitative parameters (SLN and FLN) that hold the promise of resolving such indeterminacy. In the visual system, using a very incomplete database, provisional hierarchies are in line with the recent proposal of higher functions of area V1 and suggest a hitherto unsuspected central function of the frontal eye field.},
affiliation = {Cerveau et Vision, INSERM U371, IFNL, Universit{\'e} Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bron, France.},
number = {5},
pages = {476--82},
volume = {10},
year = {2004},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Visual Cortex, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways},
date-added = {2010-02-12 15:50:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:52:52 +0200},
doi = {10.1177/1073858404268478},
pii = {10/5/476},
pmid = {15359013},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vezoli-2004-Neuroscientist_Quantitative%20analysi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5613},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Park:2004p3303,
author = {Seong Ho Park and Jin Mo Goo and Chan-Hee Jo},
journal = {Korean J Radiol},
title = {Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve: practical review for radiologists},
abstract = {The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which is defined as a plot of test sensitivity as they coordinate versus its 1-specificity or false positive rate (FPR) as the x coordinate, is an effective method of evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests. The purpose of this article is to provide a nonmathematical introduction to ROC analysis. Important concepts involved in the correct use and interpretation of this analysis, such as smooth and empirical ROC curves, parametric and nonparametric methods, the area under the ROC curve and its 95% confidence interval, the sensitivity at a particular FPR, and the use of a partial area under the ROC curve are discussed. Various considerations concerning the collection of data in radiological ROC studies are briefly discussed. An introduction to the software frequently used for performing ROC analyses is also presented.},
affiliation = {Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Radiation Medicine, SNUMRC, Seoul, Korea.},
number = {1},
pages = {11--8},
volume = {5},
year = {2004},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {ROC Curve, Statistics: Nonparametric, Radiography, Area Under Curve, Software, Humans, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule},
date-added = {2010-01-14 21:31:11 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 21:31:11 +0100},
pii = {2004v5n1p11},
pmid = {15064554},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Park-2004-Korean%20J%20Radiol_Receiver%20operating%20c.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3303},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zwick:2007,
author = {Rebecca Zwick and J G Green},
journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement},
title = {New Perspectives on the Correlation of SAT Scores, High School Grades, and Socioeconomic Factors},
number = {1},
pages = {23--45},
volume = {44},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:26 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zwick-2007-Journal%20of%20Educational%20Measurement_New%20Perspectives%20on.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2018},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vonEye:2008p13822,
author = {A von Eye and P Mair},
journal = {Austrian Journal of Statistics},
title = {A Functional Approach to Configural Frequency Analysis},
abstract = {Standard Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) is a one-step pro- cedure that determines which cells of a cross-classification contradict a base model. The results are possible types/antitypes depending on whether the observed cell frequencies are significantly lower/higher with respect to the base model. Selecting these cells out does not guarantee that the base model fits. Therefore, the role played by these cells for the base model is unclear, and interpretation of types and antitypes can be problematic. In this paper, functional CFA is proposed. This model of CFA pursues two goals simultane- ously. First, cells are selected out that constitute types and antitypes. Second, the base model is fit to the data. This is done using an iterative procedure that blanks out individual cells one at a time, until the base model fits or until there are no more cells that can be blanked out. In comparison to standard CFA, functional CFA is shown to be more parsimonious, that is, fewer types and antitypes need to be selected out. The methods are illustrated and compared using data examples from the literature.},
number = {2},
pages = {161--173},
volume = {37},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-07-29 12:48:52 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 12:49:44 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/von%20Eye-2008-Austrian%20Journal%20of%20Statistics_A%20Functional%20Approac.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13822},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Jokinen:2008p13736,
author = {J Jokinen and J W McDonald and P W F Smith},
title = {Meaningful regression and association models for clustered ordinal data},
abstract = {Many proposed methods for analyzing clustered ordinal data focus on the regression model and consider the association structure within a cluster as a nuisance. However, often the association structure is of equal interest, for example, temporal association in longitudinal studies and association between responses to similar questions in a survey. We discuss the use, appropriateness and interpretability of various latent variable and Markov models for the association structure and propose a new structure that exploits the ordinality of the response. The models are illustrated with a study concerning opinions regarding government spending and an analysis of stability and change in teenage marijuana use over time, where we reveal different behavioral patterns for boys and girls through a comprehensive investigation of individual response profiles.},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-07-24 12:20:03 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-24 12:21:57 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Jokinen-2008-_Meaningful%20regressio.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13736},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Falissard:2006p3272,
author = {Bruno Falissard and Nadine Bazin and Marie-Christine Hardy-Bayle},
journal = {Int J Methods Psychiatr Res},
title = {Outcome revealed by preference in schizophrenia (OPS): development of a new class of outcome measurements},
abstract = {The objective of this paper is to describe the development of a new type of outcome measurement, based on revealed preference, which can be used in serious chronic illnesses. Fifteen texts of about 200 words each were written by one of the authors on the day-to-day life of 15 schizophrenic patients. These 15 'slices of life' thus described were then ranked in terms of acceptability by a second group of 10 schizophrenic patients and by a group of 12 relatives of schizophrenic patients. From these rankings, six situations were selected so as to obtain evenly distributed positioning on an axis of acceptability. These six situations comprised the final instrument. In administration, the patients were first asked if the 'slices of life' that were described were acceptable or not, then if the 'slices of life' described were more or less acceptable than their own lives. Two scores were derived, one for an absolute level and the other for a relative level of the patient's satisfaction with his or her existence. Validation results were presented to a new sample of 229 schizophrenic patients. Internal consistency appeared good and the initial ranking of the six situations in terms of acceptability was confirmed. This study encourages the development of global outcome measures based on revealed preference in chronic serious illnesses.},
affiliation = {Universit{\'e} Paris XI, AP-HP, INSERM U669, Paris, France. falissard_b@wanadoo.fr},
number = {3},
pages = {139--45},
volume = {15},
year = {2006},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Psychiatry, Patient Satisfaction, Attitude of Health Personnel, Quality of Life, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Sickness Impact Profile, Attitude to Health, Chronic Disease, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, Psychometrics, Treatment Outcome, Male, Principal Component Analysis},
date-added = {2010-01-14 21:06:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 21:06:20 +0100},
pmid = {17019898},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Falissard-2006-Int%20J%20Methods%20Psychiatr%20Res_Outcome%20revealed%20by.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3272},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Nosyk:2010p7872,
author = {Bohdan Nosyk and Huiyung Sun and Daphne P Guh and Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes and David C Marsh and Suzanne Brissette and Martin T Schechter and Aslam H Anis},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {The quality of eight health status measures were compared for chronic opioid dependence},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide a comparative analysis of the psychometric properties of eight measures of health status among chronic opioid-dependent patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal data were analyzed for 251 patients enrolled in the North American Opiate Medication Initiative randomized controlled trial, conducted in Vancouver, British Columbia and Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Content validity, evidence of floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness were assessed for the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) medical and psychiatric (ASImed and ASIpsych) composite scores, the Maudesley Addiction Profile (MAP) physical and mental health scores (MAP-physical health score [MAP-PHS], MAP-mental health score [MAP-MHS]), the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-II, the EuroQol Group's EQ-5D index score and visual analog scale, EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and the Short Form SF-6D index score. RESULTS: ASImed was best able to discriminate among patients with and without chronic conditions. The MAP-PHS and MAP-MHS were not unidimensional. ASImed and ASIpsych had prominent ceiling effects. ASImed, MAP-MHS, MAP-PHS, EQ-VAS, and EQ-5D were all responsive to decreases in illicit drug use. CONCLUSION: None of the instruments performed uniformly as "best" or "worst." The EQ-5D appeared to be the preferable generic, indirect utility measure. Our results provide an evidence base to inform selection and further development of health status measures in opioid-dependent populations.},
affiliation = {Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, British Columbia, Canada.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:13:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:13:45 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.12.003},
pii = {S0895-4356(09)00388-6},
pmid = {20236799},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Nosyk-2010-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_The%20quality%20of%20eight-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7872},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Belmin:2007p5177,
author = {Jo{\"e}l Belmin and Sylvie Pariel-Madjlessi and Philom{\`e}ne Surun and Caroline Bentot and Dorin Feteanu and V{\'e}ronique Lefebvre des Noettes and Fannie Onen and Olivier Drunat and Christophe Trivalle and Philippe Chassagne and Jean-Louis Golmard},
journal = {Presse Med},
title = {The cognitive disorders examination (Codex) is a reliable 3-minute test for detection of dementia in the elderly (validation study on 323 subjects)},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dementia often remains undiagnosed until it has reached moderate or severe stages, thereby preventing patients and their families from obtaining optimal care. Tools that are easy to use in primary care might facilitate earlier detection of dementia. AIM: Develop and validate a very brief test for the detection of dementia. METHODS: In the derivation study, we recorded educational level, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and subscores and results of a simplified clock-drawing test (sCDT) for consecutive patients attending a single memory clinic over a two-year period,. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. The independent variables related to dementia were determined by a multivariable logistic model (MLM) and used to develop a decision tree to predict this diagnosis. In the validation study, the decision tree was applied to consecutive patients of six memory clinics for whom status about dementia was previously determined with DSM-IV criteria. The decision tree, MLM, and MMSE were applied to detect dementia in these patients. The sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic tool were estimated and compared. RESULT: Of 242 patients in the derivation study, the following independent variables were correlated with dementia: sex, sCDT, and two MMSE subscores - the 3-word recall test and spatial orientation. We used Bayesian statistics to develop a brief 2-step decision analysis tree (2-3 min.), which we named Codex (cognitive disorders examination). The validation study applied Codex to 323 patients. Sensitivity was 93% and specificity 85%. The corresponding values were 88% and 87% for the MLM, 94% and 67% or 91% and 70% for the MMSE, depending on the MMSE cutoff score. The sensitivity of Codex was significantly higher than that of MLM, and its specificity was significantly greater than that of MMSE. CONCLUSION: Codex is a simple, brief, and reliable test for detecting dementia and requires three minutes or less to administer. Its simplicity and brevity make it appropriate for and easy to use in primary care.},
affiliation = {H{\^o}pital Charles Foix et Universit{\'e} Paris 6, Ivry-sur-Seine. joel.belmin@cfx.aphp.fr},
number = {9 Pt 1},
pages = {1183--90},
volume = {36},
year = {2007},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Decision Support Techniques, Primary Health Care, Sex Factors, Aged, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Mental Status Schedule, Sensitivity and Specificity, Humans, Geriatric Assessment, Education, Female, Dementia, Regression Analysis, Age Factors, Bayes Theorem},
date-added = {2010-02-08 19:24:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-08 19:24:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.lpm.2007.03.016},
pii = {S0755-4982(07)00249-7},
pmid = {17433613},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Belmin-2007-Presse%20Med_The%20cognitive%20disord.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5177},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tarride:2010p4931,
author = {Jean-Eric Tarride and Natasha Burke and Matthias Bischof and Robert B Hopkins and Linda Goeree and Kaitryn Campbell and Feng Xie and Daria O'Reilly and Ron Goeree},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {A review of health utilities across conditions common in paediatric and adult populations},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cost-utility analyses are commonly used in economic evaluations of interventions or conditions that have an impact on health-related quality of life. However, evaluating utilities in children presents several challenges since young children may not have the cognitive ability to complete measurement tasks and thus utility values must be estimated by proxy assessors. Another solution is to use utilities derived from an adult population. To better inform the future conduct of cost-utility analyses in paediatric populations, we reviewed the published literature reporting utilities among children and adults across selected conditions common to paediatric and adult populations. METHODS: An electronic search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to November 2008 was conducted to identify studies presenting utility values derived from the Health Utilities Index (HUI) or EuroQoL-5Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaires or using time trade off (TTO) or standard gamble (SG) techniques in children and/or adult populations from randomized controlled trials, comparative or non-comparative observational studies, or cross-sectional studies. The search was targeted to four chronic diseases/conditions common to both children and adults and known to have a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: After screening 951 citations identified from the literature search, 77 unique studies included in our review evaluated utilities in patients with asthma (n=25), cancer (n=23), diabetes mellitus (n=11), skin diseases (n=19) or chronic diseases (n=2), with some studies evaluating multiple conditions. Utility values were estimated using HUI (n=33), EQ-5D (n=26), TTO (n=12), and SG (n=14), with some studies applying more than one technique to estimate utility values. 21% of studies evaluated utilities in children, of those the majority being in the area of oncology. No utility values for children were reported in skin diseases. Although few studies provided comparative information on utility values between children and adults, results seem to indicate that utilities may be similar in adolescents and young adults with asthma and acne. Differences in results were observed depending on methods and proxies. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the need to conduct future research regarding measurement of utilities in children.},
number = {1},
pages = {12},
volume = {8},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-02-02 12:13:44 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-02 12:13:45 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-8-12},
pii = {1477-7525-8-12},
pmid = {20105304},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tarride-2010-Health%20and%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Outcomes_A%20review%20of%20health%20u-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4931},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tang:2005p1714,
author = {Man-Lai Tang and Nian-Sheng Tang and Ivan S F Chan},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Confidence interval construction for proportion difference in small-sample paired studies},
abstract = {Paired dichotomous data may arise in clinical trials such as pre-/post-test comparison studies and equivalence trials. Reporting parameter estimates (e.g. odds ratio, rate difference and rate ratio) along with their associated confidence interval estimates becomes a necessity in many medical journals. Various asymptotic confidence interval estimators have long been developed for differences in correlated binary proportions. Nevertheless, the performance of these asymptotic methods may have poor coverage properties in small samples. In this article, we investigate several alternative confidence interval estimators for the difference between binomial proportions based on small-sample paired data. Specifically, we consider exact and approximate unconditional confidence intervals for rate difference via inverting a score test. The exact unconditional confidence interval guarantees the coverage probability, and it is recommended if strict control of coverage probability is required. However, the exact method tends to be overly conservative and computationally demanding. Our empirical results show that the approximate unconditional score confidence interval estimators based on inverting the score test demonstrate reasonably good coverage properties even in small-sample designs, and yet they are relatively easy to implement computationally. We illustrate the methods using real examples from a pain management study and a cancer study.},
affiliation = {Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.},
number = {23},
pages = {3565--79},
volume = {24},
year = {2005},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Confidence Intervals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Pain, Neoplasms, Sample Size, Models: Statistical, Biometry, Likelihood Functions},
date-added = {2010-01-09 19:24:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 19:24:03 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.2216},
pmid = {16261646},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tang-2005-Stat%20Med_Confidence%20interval.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1714},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vanSchoor:2006p1613,
author = {N M van Schoor and D L Knol and C A W Glas and R W J G Ostelo and A Lepl{\`e}ge and C Cooper and O Johnell and P Lips},
journal = {Osteoporos Int},
title = {Development of the Qualeffo-31, an osteoporosis-specific quality-of-life questionnaire},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vertebral deformities are a common consequence of osteoporosis and are known to decrease quality of life. The Qualeffo-41 is a quality-of-life questionnaire especially developed for measuring quality of life in patients with vertebral deformities. It consists of 41 questions arranged in five domains: pain, physical function, social function, general health perception, and mental function. The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a shorter version of the Qualeffo-41 by removing redundant questions; and (2) to investigate the scale characteristics, reliability, and validity of this shorter version. METHODS: The study was performed using data from the Qualeffo validation study and the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) study. The analyses were performed in patients with vertebral deformities (n=579). Factor analysis on polychoric correlations and an item response theory (IRT) model, i.e., the generalized partial credit model (GPCM), were used to create a shorter version of Qualeffo-41. Using GPCM, scoring weights were computed for all items. RESULTS: Three items were removed from the data set because of too many missing values. Factor analysis identified three instead of five domains: (1) pain, (2) physical function, and (3) mental function. Five items had factor loadings <0.4 and were not included in the GPCM. After excluding several items, the domains pain (four items), physical function (18 items), and mental function (nine items) showed a good, reasonable, and excellent fit, respectively. This indicates that the mental function domain and the pain domain are more unidimensional than the physical function domain. All three domains showed a very high correlation (r > or =0.95) with the corresponding domains of the Qualeffo-41. CONCLUSIONS: Qualeffo-31 was developed, consisting of three domains with a reasonable to excellent fit to the GPCM. Although the fit to the GPCM supports the construct validity of the Qualeffo-31, validation in a new study should be performed before using it in practice.},
affiliation = {Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.},
number = {4},
pages = {543--51},
volume = {17},
year = {2006},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Pain, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Spinal Fractures, Mental Disorders, Questionnaires, Quality of Life, Activities of Daily Living, Osteoporosis},
date-added = {2010-01-07 17:13:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 17:13:31 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s00198-005-0024-7},
pmid = {16362146},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20Schoor-2006-Osteoporos%20Int_Development%20of%20the%20Q.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1613},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Bulik:2010p1301,
author = {Cynthia M Bulik and Laura M Thornton and Tammy L Root and Emily M Pisetsky and Paul Lichtenstein and Nancy L Pedersen},
journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
title = {Understanding the relation between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in a Swedish national twin sample},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We present a bivariate twin analysis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa to determine the extent to which shared genetic and environmental factors contribute to liability to these disorders. METHOD: Focusing on females from the Swedish Twin study of Adults: Genes and Environment (n = 7000), we calculated heritability estimates for narrow and broad anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and estimated their genetic correlation. RESULTS: In the full model, the heritability estimate for narrow anorexia nervosa (AN) was (a(2) = .57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .00-.81) and for narrow bulimia nervosa (BN) (a(2) = .62; 95% CI: .08-.70), with the remaining variance accounted for by unique environmental factors. Shared environmental factors estimates were (c(2) = .00; 95% CI: .00-.67) for AN and (c(2) = .00; 95% CI: .00-.40) for BN. Moderate additive genetic (.46) and unique environmental (.42) correlations between AN and BN were observed. Heritability estimates for broad AN were lower (a(2) = .29; 95% CI: .04-.43) than for narrow AN, but estimates for broad BN were similar to narrow BN. The genetic correlation for broad AN and BN was .79, and the unique environmental correlation was .44. CONCLUSIONS: We highlight the contribution of additive genetic factors to both narrow and broad AN and BN and demonstrate a moderate overlap of both genetic and unique environmental factors that influence the two conditions. Common concurrent and sequential comorbidity of AN and BN can in part be accounted for by shared genetic and environmental influences on liability although independent factors also operative.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA. cbulik@med.unc.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {71--7},
volume = {67},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-07 11:36:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 11:36:39 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.010},
pii = {S0006-3223(09)00983-4},
pmid = {19828139},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1301},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Davis:2010p12576,
author = {Oliver S P Davis and Lee M Butcher and Sophia J Docherty and Emma L Meaburn and Charles J C Curtis and Michael A Simpson and Leonard C Schalkwyk and Robert Plomin},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {A Three-Stage Genome-Wide Association Study of General Cognitive Ability: Hunting the Small Effects},
abstract = {Childhood general cognitive ability (g) is important for a wide range of outcomes in later life, from school achievement to occupational success and life expectancy. Large-scale association studies will be essential in the quest to identify variants that make up the substantial genetic component implicated by quantitative genetic studies. We conducted a three-stage genome-wide association study for general cognitive ability using over 350,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the quantitative extremes of a population sample of 7,900 7-year-old children from the UK Twins Early Development Study. Using two DNA pooling stages to enrich true positives, each of around 1,000 children selected from the extremes of the distribution, and a third individual genotyping stage of over 3,000 children to test for quantitative associations across the normal range, we aimed to home in on genes of small effect. Genome-wide results suggested that our approach was successful in enriching true associations and 28 SNPs were taken forward to individual genotyping in an unselected population sample. However, although we found an enrichment of low P values and identified nine SNPs nominally associated with g (P < 0.05) that show interesting characteristics for follow-up, further replication will be necessary to meet rigorous standards of association. These replications may take advantage of SNP sets to overcome limitations of statistical power. Despite our large sample size and three-stage design, the genes associated with childhood g remain tantalizingly beyond our current reach, providing further evidence for the small effect sizes of individual loci. Larger samples, denser arrays and multiple replications will be necessary in the hunt for the genetic variants that influence human cognitive ability.},
affiliation = {Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK, Oliver.Davis@iop.kcl.ac.uk.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-06-15 22:28:54 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-010-9350-4},
pmid = {20306291},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Davis-2010-Behav%20Genet_A%20Three-Stage%20Genome.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12576},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cole:2000p12458,
author = {S R Cole and I Kawachi and S J Maller and L F Berkman},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Test of item-response bias in the CES-D scale. experience from the New Haven EPESE study},
abstract = {We present results of item-response bias analyses of the exogenous variables age, gender, and race for all items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale using data (N = 2340) from the New Haven component of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE). The proportional odds of blacks responding higher on the CES-D items "people are unfriendly" and "people dislike me" were 2.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.74, 3.02) and 2.96 (95% confidence interval: 2.15, 4.07) times that of whites matched on overall depressive symptoms, respectively. In addition, the proportional odds of women responding higher on the CES-D item "crying spells" were 2.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.60, 2.82) times that of men matched on overall depressive symptoms. Our data indicate the CES-D would have greater validity among this diverse group of older men and women after removal of the crying item and two interpersonal items.},
affiliation = {Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. scole@rics.bwh.harvard.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {285--9},
volume = {53},
year = {2000},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Depression, Female, Epidemiologic Methods, Male, Bias (Epidemiology), Questionnaires, African Americans, Psychometrics, European Continental Ancestry Group, Aged, Sex Distribution, Sensitivity and Specificity, Aged: 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Connecticut, Humans, Age Distribution, Reproducibility of Results},
date-added = {2010-06-15 17:35:17 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-15 17:35:17 +0200},
pii = {S0895-4356(99)00151-1},
pmid = {10760639},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cole-2000-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Test%20of%20item-respons.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12458},
rating = {0}
}

@inproceedings{Stein:2007,
author = {C R Stein and R B Devore and B E Wojcik},
journal = {Proceedings},
title = {Calculation of the Kappa Statistic for Inter-rater Reliability: The Case Where Raters Can Select Multiple Responses from a Large Number of Categories},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Stein-2007-Proceedings_Calculation%20of%20the%20K.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1921},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Moskovitch:2009p2378,
author = {Robert Moskovitch and Yuval Shahar},
journal = {J Biomed Inform},
title = {Vaidurya: a multiple-ontology, concept-based, context-sensitive clinical-guideline search engine},
abstract = {We designed and implemented a generic search engine (Vaidurya), as part of our Digital clinical-Guideline Library (DeGeL) framework. Two search methods were implemented in addition to full-text search: (1) concept-based search, which relies on pre-indexing the guidelines in a clinically meaningful fashion, and (2) context-sensitive search, which relies on first semi-structuring the guidelines according to a given ontology, then searching for terms within specific labeled text segments. The Vaidurya engine is fully functional and is used within the DeGeL system. We describe the Vaidurya ontological and algorithmic framework; we also briefly summarize the results of a detailed evaluation in the clinical-guideline domain, demonstrating that both concept-based and context-sensitive ontology-independent search are highly feasible and significantly improve on free text search retrieval performance. We conclude by analyzing the limitations and advantages of the approach, and the steps that we have started to take to extend it based on user feedback.},
affiliation = {Medical Informatics Research Center, Department of Information Systems Engineering, Ben Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel. robertmo@bgu.ac.il},
number = {1},
pages = {11--21},
volume = {42},
year = {2009},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Practice Guidelines as Topic, Internet, Medical Subject Headings, User-Computer Interface, Algorithms, Abstracting and Indexing as Topic, Humans, Medical Informatics, Vocabulary: Controlled, Information Storage and Retrieval, Libraries: Digital},
date-added = {2010-01-10 19:29:52 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 19:29:52 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2008.07.003},
pii = {S1532-0464(08)00097-X},
pmid = {18721900},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Moskovitch-2009-J%20Biomed%20Inform_Vaidurya%20a%20multiple.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2378},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wei:2009p3386,
author = {W-H Wei and S Knott and C S Haley and D-J de Koning},
journal = {Heredity},
title = {Controlling false positives in the mapping of epistatic QTL},
abstract = {This study addresses the poorly explored issue of the control of false positive rate (FPR) in the mapping of pair-wise epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL). A nested test framework was developed to (1) allow pre-identified QTL to be used directly to detect epistasis in one-dimensional genome scans, (2) to detect novel epistatic QTL pairs in two-dimensional genome scans and (3) to derive genome-wide thresholds through permutation and handle multiple testing. We used large-scale simulations to evaluate the performance of both the one- and two-dimensional approaches in mapping different forms and levels of epistasis and to generate profiles of FPR, power and accuracy to inform epistasis mapping studies. We showed that the nested test framework and genome-wide thresholds were essential to control FPR at the 5% level. The one-dimensional approach was generally more powerful than the two-dimensional approach in detecting QTL-associated epistasis and identified nearly all epistatic pairs detected from the two-dimensional approach. However, only the two-dimensional approach could detect epistatic QTL with weak main effects. Combining the two approaches allowed effective mapping of different forms of epistasis, whereas using the nested test framework kept the FPR under control. This approach provides a good search engine for high-throughput epistasis analyses.Heredity advance online publication, 30 September 2009; doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.129.},
affiliation = {[1] Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK [2] MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-01-15 14:40:06 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 14:40:06 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/hdy.2009.129},
pii = {hdy2009129},
pmid = {19789566},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3386},
rating = {0}
}

@article{See:2009p8274,
author = {Jacey See and Colin MacLeod and Russell Bridle},
journal = {J Abnorm Psychol},
title = {The reduction

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib