text:
extended to the model-fit analysis of the graded response model (GRM). The performance of a modified S-X2 in assessing item-fit of the GRM was investigated in light of empirical Type I error rates and power with a simulation study having various conditions typically encountered in applied testing situations. The results show that the Type I error rates were controlled adequately around the nominal alpha by S-X2. The power of the S-X2 statistic was much lower when the source of misfit was multidimensionality than when it was due to discrepancy from the true GRM curves. Once the data size increased sufficiently, however, appropriate power was obtained regardless of the source of the item-misfit. In summary, the generalized S-X2 appears to be a promising index for investigating item fit for polytomous items in educational and psychological assessments.},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-07-07 21:21:38 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-07 21:22:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s12564-010-9082-4},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kang-2010-Asia%20Pacific%20Educ.%20Rev._Performance%20of%20the%20g.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13620},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Leon:2009p5446,
author = {Jos{\'e} C Le{\'o}n and Jos{\'e} Carmona and Pilar Garc{\'\i}a},
journal = {J Adolesc},
title = {Health-risk behaviors in adolescents as indicators of unconventional lifestyles},
abstract = {This study analyses the dimensions of health-risk behaviors in adolescence. Based on the Theory of Problem Behavior, the study hypothesises that the structure of relations between risk behaviors may be explained in terms of their level of social transgression or unconventionality. With a sample of 771 adolescents, this study explores the association between the behaviors which, according to the WHO, have a greater impact on morbidity and mortality. The results of these analyses point to the existence of a latent variable grouping the risk behaviors that lead to greater confrontation with the norms of conventional society. The analysis of the relation of this latent variable with indicators of academic failure and satisfaction with peers and adults also produces findings that are consistent with the proposed interpretation. Finally, some recommendations are made for the planning of preventive interventions as a result of the findings.},
affiliation = {Department of Clinical, Experimental and Social Psychology, University of Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-02-12 14:09:27 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 14:09:27 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.11.004},
pii = {S0140-1971(09)00151-1},
pmid = {19954829},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5446},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fullerton:2003p2481,
author = {Jan Fullerton and Matthew Cubin and Hemant Tiwari and Chenxi Wang and Amarjit Bomhra and Stuart Davidson and Sue Miller and Christopher Fairburn and Guy Goodwin and Michael C Neale and Simon Fiddy and Richard Mott and David B Allison and Jonathan Flint},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
title = {Linkage analysis of extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs identifies quantitative-trait loci that influence variation in the human personality trait neuroticism},
abstract = {Several theoretical studies have suggested that large samples of randomly ascertained siblings can be used to ascertain phenotypically extreme individuals and thereby increase power to detect genetic linkage in complex traits. Here, we report a genetic linkage scan using extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs, selected from 34,580 sibling pairs in the southwest of England who completed a personality questionnaire. We performed a genomewide scan for quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) that influence variation in the personality trait of neuroticism, or emotional stability, and we established genomewide empirical significance thresholds by simulation. The maximum pointwise P values, expressed as the negative logarithm (base 10), were found on 1q (3.95), 4q (3.84), 7p (3.90), 12q (4.74), and 13q (3.81). These five loci met or exceeded the 5% genomewide significance threshold of 3.8 (negative logarithm of the P value). QTLs on chromosomes 1, 12, and 13 are likely to be female specific. One locus, on chromosome 1, is syntenic with that reported from QTL mapping of rodent emotionality, an animal model of neuroticism, suggesting that some animal and human QTLs influencing emotional stability may be homologous.},
affiliation = {Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.},
number = {4},
pages = {879--90},
volume = {72},
year = {2003},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Siblings, England, Humans, Genotype, Neurotic Disorders, Genetic Markers, Quantitative Trait Loci, Regression Analysis, Adult, Personality Assessment, Genetic Variation, Chromosome Mapping, Personality Disorders, Middle Aged, Female, Questionnaires, Male},
date-added = {2010-01-12 13:31:12 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:13:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1086/374178},
pii = {S0002-9297(07)60610-7},
pmid = {12612864},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fullerton-2003-Am%20J%20Hum%20Genet_Linkage%20analysis%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2481},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Harrell:1996p4700,
author = {F E Harrell and K L Lee and D B Mark},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors},
abstract = {Multivariable regression models are powerful tools that are used frequently in studies of clinical outcomes. These models can use a mixture of categorical and continuous variables and can handle partially observed (censored) responses. However, uncritical application of modelling techniques can result in models that poorly fit the dataset at hand, or, even more likely, inaccurately predict outcomes on new subjects. One must know how to measure qualities of a model's fit in order to avoid poorly fitted or overfitted models. Measurement of predictive accuracy can be difficult for survival time data in the presence of censoring. We discuss an easily interpretable index of predictive discrimination as well as methods for assessing calibration of predicted survival probabilities. Both types of predictive accuracy should be unbiasedly validated using bootstrapping or cross-validation, before using predictions in a new data series. We discuss some of the hazards of poorly fitted and overfitted regression models and present one modelling strategy that avoids many of the problems discussed. The methods described are applicable to all regression models, but are particularly needed for binary, ordinal, and time-to-event outcomes. Methods are illustrated with a survival analysis in prostate cancer using Cox regression.},
affiliation = {Division of Biometry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.},
number = {4},
pages = {361--87},
volume = {15},
year = {1996},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Treatment Outcome, Clinical Trials as Topic, Prostatic Neoplasms, Linear Models, Multivariate Analysis, Male, Mathematical Computing, Computer Graphics, Software, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Models: Statistical, Survival Analysis, Humans, Computer Simulation, Discriminant Analysis, Regression Analysis},
date-added = {2010-01-30 16:18:57 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 16:19:02 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4},
pii = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4},
pmid = {8668867},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Harrell-1996-Stat%20Med_Multivariable%20progno.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4700},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Zhang:2009p1524,
author = {Q Zhang and E Y Liu and A Sarkar and W Wang},
title = {Split-Order Distance for Clustering and Classification Hierarchies},
abstract = {Clustering and classification hierarchies are organizational structures of a set of objects. Multiple hierarchies may be derived over the same set of objects, which makes distance computation between hi- erarchies an important task for summarization and similarity search of hierarchical patterns. In this paper, we model the classification and clustering hierarchies as rooted, leaf-labeled, unordered trees. We propose a novel distance metric Split-Order distance to evaluate the organizational structure difference between two hierarchies over the same set of leaf objects. The Split-Order distance reflects the order in which subsets of the tree leaves are differentiated from each other and can be used to explain the relationships between the leaf objects. We also propose an efficient algorithm for computing Split-Order distance between two trees in O(n2d4) time, where n is the number of leaves, and d is the maximum number of children of any node. Our experiments on both real and synthetic data demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithm.},
affiliation = {Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-01-07 15:58:05 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 15:59:10 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zhang-2009-_Split-Order%20Distance.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1524},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ivkovic:2007p5520,
author = {V Ivkovic and V Vitart and I Rudan and B Janicijevic and N Smolej-Narancic and T Skaric-Juric and M Barbalic and O Polasek and I Kolcic and Z Biloglav and P M Visscher and C Hayward and N D Hastie and N Anderson and H Campbell and A F Wright and P Rudan and I J Deary},
journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
title = {The Eysenck personality factors: Psychometric structure, reliability, heritability and phenotypic and genetic correlations with psychological distress in an isolated Croatian population},
abstract = {We report the psychometric structure of a Croatian translation of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire- Revised (short-form), its correlations with psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire-30), its heritability, and personality--psychological distress genetic correlations. The setting is a large (~1000), family-based sample of men and women from an isolated Croatian island. The neuroticism and extraversion traits and the lie scale showed good psychometric characteristics. The translated psychoticism scale was unsatisfactory in this sample. It had a very low internal consistency, probably due in part to heavily biased item responses. There were significant additive genetic contributions to variation in neuroticism, extraver- sion, and psychological distress. Psychological distress had a very high genetic correlation with neuroticism, and a moderate genetic correlation with extraversion.},
pages = {123--133},
volume = {42},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-02-12 14:59:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 15:03:14 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ivkovic-2007-Personality%20and%20Individual%20Differences_The%20Eysenck%20personal.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5520},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kiltz:2009p8454,
author = {U Kiltz and D van der Heijde},
journal = {Clin Exp Rheumatol},
title = {Health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in patients with ankylosing spondylitis},
abstract = {In this review the influence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on a wide range of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) domains will be described. The domains most frequently studied are pain, functional disability, fatigue and mental problems. In addition, age and socio-economic aspects such as employment and economic status as well as education affect patient-reported HRQoL.Although many studies have assessed the impact on HRQoL of a single disease state, either RA or AS, few studies have focused on a direct comparison between those both diagnostic groups. In general, patients with RA and AS report significant decrements in HRQoL in comparison with the general population. It has been shown that the magnitude of the impairment is similar among both patients group.},
affiliation = {Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Herne, Germany. kiltz@rheumazentrum-ruhrgebiet.de},
number = {4 Suppl 55},
pages = {S108--11},
volume = {27},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Health Status, Spondylitis: Ankylosing, Employment, Arthritis: Rheumatoid, Humans, Mental Health, Disability Evaluation, Pain, Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life, Fatigue},
date-added = {2010-03-21 17:57:33 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 17:57:33 +0100},
pii = {2772},
pmid = {19822055},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kiltz-2009-Clin%20Exp%20Rheumatol_Health-related%20quali.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8454},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Glas:2003p2679,
author = {C A W Glas and J C Suarez Falcon},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {A Comparison of Item-Fit Statistics for the Three-Parameter Logistic Model},
abstract = {In this article, the Type I error rate and the power of a number of existing and new tests of fit to the 3-parameter logistic model (3PLM) are investigated. The first test is a generalization of a test for the evaluation of the fit to the 2-parameter logistic model (2PLM) based on the Lagrange multiplier (LM) test or the equivalent efficient score test. This technique is applied to two model violations: deviation from the 3PLM item characteristic curve and violation of local stochastic independence. The LM test for the first violation is compared with the Q1 − G2j and S − G2j tests, respectively. The LM test for the second violation is compared with the Q3 test and a new test, the S3 test, which can be viewed as a generalization of the approach of the S − G2j test to the evaluation of violation of local independence. The results of simulation studies indicate that all tests, except the Q1 − G2j	test, have a Type I error rate that is acceptably close to the nominal significance level, and good power to detect the model violations they are targeted at. When, however, misfitting items are present in a test, the proportion of items that are flagged incorrectly as misfitting can become undesirably high, especially for short tests.	Index terms: chi-square distribution, efficient score test, goodness of fit, item fit, item response theory (item fit), modification indices, three-parameter logistic model, Lagrange multiplier test, power studies, Type I error.},
number = {2},
pages = {87--106},
volume = {27},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-13 09:54:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:16:54 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Glas-2003-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_A%20Comparison%20of%20Item.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2679},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wilderjans:2009p11607,
author = {T Wilderjans and E Ceulemans and I Van Mechelen},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {Simultaneous analysis of coupled data blocks differing in size: A comparison of two weighting schemes},
abstract = {Research questions in several research domains imply the simultaneous analysis of different blocks of information that pertain to the same research objects. In personality psychology, for example, to study the relation between individual differences in behavior and cognitive-affective units that can account for these differences, two types of information pertaining to the same set of persons need to be analyzed simultaneously: (1) information about the situation-specific behavior profile of these persons, and (2) information about the cognitive-affective units these persons exhibit. When dealing with such coupled data blocks (i.e., different N-way N-mode data blocks that have one or more modes in common) it often happens that one data block is much larger in size than the other(s). In this case, the question arises whether the data entries or the data blocks should be considered as the units of information, in order to disclose the true structure underlying the coupled data blocks. To answer this question, two weighting schemes are compared that are obtained by applying weights in the overall objective function that is to be optimized in the data analysis, with each weight indicating the extent to which the corresponding data block influences the integrated analysis. In a simulation study it is showed that weighting the different data blocks such that each data entry influences the analysis to the same extent (i.e., data entries as units of information) outperforms a weighting scheme in which each data block has an equal influence on the analysis (i.e., data blocks as units of information). This superior performance is demonstrated for two global models for coupled data consisting of a three-way three-mode data block and a two- way two-mode data block that have one mode in common: (1) a multiway multiblock component model for coupled real-valued data, and (2) a simultaneous clustering model for coupled binary data.},
pages = {1086--1098},
volume = {53},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-05-11 17:21:10 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:24:30 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wilderjans-2009-Computational%20Statistics_Simultaneous%20analysi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11607},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gregorich:2006p13791,
author = {Steven E Gregorich},
journal = {Med Care},
title = {Do self-report instruments allow meaningful comparisons across diverse population groups? Testing measurement invariance using the confirmatory factor analysis framework},
abstract = {Comparative public health research makes wide use of self-report instruments. For example, research identifying and explaining health disparities across demographic strata may seek to understand the health effects of patient attitudes or private behaviors. Such personal attributes are difficult or impossible to observe directly and are often best measured by self-reports. Defensible use of self-reports in quantitative comparative research requires not only that the measured constructs have the same meaning across groups, but also that group comparisons of sample estimates (eg, means and variances) reflect true group differences and are not contaminated by group-specific attributes that are unrelated to the construct of interest. Evidence for these desirable properties of measurement instruments can be established within the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework; a nested hierarchy of hypotheses is tested that addresses the cross-group invariance of the instrument's psychometric properties. By name, these hypotheses include configural, metric (or pattern), strong (or scalar), and strict factorial invariance. The CFA model and each of these hypotheses are described in nontechnical language. A worked example and technical appendices are included.},
affiliation = {University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 335, San Francisco, CA 94143-0856, USA. gregorich@medicine.ucsf.edu},
number = {11 Suppl 3},
pages = {S78--94},
volume = {44},
year = {2006},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Data Collection, Bias (Epidemiology), Humans, Factor Analysis: Statistical, Ethnic Groups, Psychometrics, Models: Statistical, Cross-Cultural Comparison},
date-added = {2010-07-29 12:18:29 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:39:29 +0200},
doi = {10.1097/01.mlr.0000245454.12228.8f},
pii = {00005650-200611001-00014},
pmid = {17060839},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13791},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Raudenbush:2003p2369,
author = {S W Raudenbush and C Johnson and R J Sampson},
journal = {Sociological Methodology},
title = {A multivariate, multilevel Rasch model with application to self-reported criminal behavior},
number = {1},
pages = {169--211},
volume = {33},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 13:45:50 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 13:48:36 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Raudenbush-2003-Sociological%20Methodology_A%20multivariate%20mult.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2369},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Steiger:1980p806,
author = {James H Steiger},
journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research},
title = {Testing pattern hypotheses on correlation matrices: Alternative statistics and some empirical results},
abstract = {The goodness-of-fit of correlational pattern hypotheses has traditionally been assessed either with a likelihood ratio statistic or with a quadratic form statistic. Several alternative statistics, based on the use of the Fisher r-to-z transform, are proposed and assessed in a Monte Carlo experiment.},
pages = {335--352},
volume = {15},
year = {1980},
date-added = {2010-01-03 17:05:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 17:07:11 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Steiger-1980-Multivariate%20Behavioral%20Research_Testing%20pattern%20hypo.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p806},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Baker:2009p1305,
author = {Jessica H Baker and Hermine H Maes and Lauren Lissner and Steven H Aggen and Paul Lichtenstein and Kenneth S Kendler},
journal = {J Abnorm Psychol},
title = {Genetic risk factors for disordered eating in adolescent males and females},
abstract = {The etiologic role of genetic and environmental factors on disordered eating was examined in a sample of 15- to 17-year-old female-female, male-male, and opposite-sex twin pairs. Also assessed was whether a single factor is underlying 3 facets (body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, bulimia) of disordered eating, including the possible importance of sex differences. Univariate model-fitting analyses indicated that genetic factors are more important for girls and environment more important for boys for body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. A multivariate common factor analysis indicated that a single factor accounted for the association among these 3 facets of disordered eating in both sexes. However, only 50% of the genetic risk for this factor is shared between the sexes.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. bakerjh@vcu.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {576--86},
volume = {118},
year = {2009},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Personality Inventory, Adolescent, Twins: Monozygotic, Multivariate Analysis, Anorexia Nervosa, Male, Gender Identity, Bulimia Nervosa, Body Image, Motivation, Humans, Models: Genetic, Sex Factors, Genotype, Thinness, Female, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Diseases in Twins, Twins: Dizygotic, Psychometrics},
date-added = {2010-01-07 11:36:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 11:36:39 +0100},
doi = {10.1037/a0016314},
pii = {2009-12104-013},
pmid = {19685954},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1305},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Manolio:2009p7189,
author = {Teri A Manolio},
journal = {Pharmacogenomics},
title = {Collaborative genome-wide association studies of diverse diseases: programs of the NHGRI's office of population genomics},
abstract = {In the past 3 years, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revolutionized the discovery of genetic variants associated with complex diseases. These studies present unique challenges in their conduct; particularly in the need for meticulous quality control of genotyping and for sample sizes large enough to withstand the severe penalty for multiple comparisons necessitated by testing hundreds of thousands of SNPs. They also present unique opportunities in the unprecedented detail with which they characterize an individual's genome and the potential for relating that information to any trait consistent with that person's informed consent. Such data exceed the abilities of any single group of investigators to mine them fully and by NIH policy are distributed to qualified investigators agreeing to specified terms of use. This report describes collaborative programs of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Office of Population Genomics for facilitating collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of these data so that their research value can be maximized.},
affiliation = {National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 31, Room 4B-09, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2154, Bethesda, MD 20892-2154, USA. manolio@nih.gov},
number = {2},
pages = {235--41},
volume = {10},
year = {2009},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genomics, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Genetic Diseases: Inborn, Environment, Medical Records, Humans, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), United States, Crohn Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Alzheimer Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study},
date-added = {2010-03-06 21:18:32 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 21:18:32 +0100},
doi = {10.2217/14622416.10.2.235},
pii = {10.2217/14622416.10.2.235},
pmid = {19207024},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7189},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Heck:2009p2489,
author = {A Heck and R Lieb and A Ellgas and H Pfister and S Lucae and D Roeske and B P{\"u}tz and B M{\"u}ller-Myhsok and M Uhr and F Holsboer and M Ising},
journal = {Genes Brain Behav},
title = {Investigation of 17 candidate genes for personality traits confirms effects of the HTR2A gene on novelty seeking},
abstract = {Genes involved in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been hypothesized to affect different aspects of personality, but findings from genetic association studies did not provide conclusive results so far. In previous studies, however, only one or a few polymorphisms within single genes were investigated neglecting the possibility that the genetic associations might be more complex comprising several genes or gene regions. To overcome this limitation, we performed an extended genetic association study analyzing 17 serotonergic (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR6, MAOA, TPH1, TPH2) and dopaminergic genes (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, COMT, MAOA, TH, DBH), which have been previously reported to be implicated with personality traits. One hundred and ninety-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes were genotyped with the Illumina BeadChip technology (HumanHap300, Human-1) in a sample of 366 mentally healthy Caucasians. Additionally, we tried to replicate our results in an independent sample of further 335 Caucasians. Personality traits in both samples were assessed with the German version of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. From 30 SNPs showing associations at a nominal level of significance, two intronic SNPs, rs2770296 and rs927544, both located in the HTR2A gene, withstood correction for multiple testing. These SNPs were associated with the personality trait novelty seeking. The effect of rs927544 could be replicated for the novelty seeking subscale extravagance, and the same SNP was also associated with extravagance in the combined samples. Our results show that HTR2A polymorphisms modulate facets of novelty seeking behaviour in healthy adults suggesting that serotonergic neurotransmission is involved in this phenotype.},
affiliation = {Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. heck@mpipsykl.mpg.de},
number = {4},
pages = {464--72},
volume = {8},
year = {2009},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Receptors: Dopamine, Serotonin, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Receptors: Serotonin, Genotype, Humans, Phenotype, Dopamine, Germany, DNA, Exploratory Behavior, Personality, Receptor: Serotonin: 5-HT2A, Synaptic Transmission},
date-added = {2010-01-12 13:32:49 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-16 22:40:38 +0100},
doi = {10.1111/j.1601-183X.2009.00494.x},
pii = {GBB494},
pmid = {19566713},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Heck-2009-Genes%20Brain%20Behav_Investigation%20of%2017.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2489},
read = {Yes},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Barrett:2007p9304,
author = {J H Barrett and N A Sheehan and A Cox and J Worthington and C Cannings and M D Teare},
journal = {Hum Hered},
title = {Family based studies and genetic epidemiology: theory and practice},
abstract = {Family based studies have underpinned many successes in uncovering the causes of monogenic and oligogenic diseases. Now research is focussing on the identification and characterisation of genes underlying common diseases and it is widely accepted that these studies will require large population based samples. Population based family study designs have the potential to facilitate the analysis of the effects of both genes and environment. These types of studies integrate the population based approaches of classic epidemiology and the methods enabling the analysis of correlations between relatives sharing both genes and environment. The extent to which such studies are feasible will depend upon population- and disease-specific factors. To review this topic, a symposium was held to present and discuss the costs, requirements and advantages of population based family study designs. This article summarises the features of the meeting held at The University of Sheffield, August 2006.},
affiliation = {Genetic Epidemiology Division, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.},
number = {2},
pages = {146--8},
volume = {64},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genetic Diseases: Inborn, Research Design, Linkage (Genetics), Epidemiologic Methods, Genetics: Medical, Genetics: Population, Family Health},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:41:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 13:41:31 +0100},
doi = {10.1159/000101993},
pii = {000101993},
pmid = {17476114},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Barrett-2007-Hum%20Hered_Family%20based%20studies.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9304},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Shattuck:2007p6179,
author = {Paul T Shattuck and Scott D Grosse},
journal = {Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev},
title = {Issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders},
abstract = {This paper explores issues and implications for diagnosis and treatment, stemming from the growing number of children identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Recent developments and innovations in special education and Medicaid programs are emphasized. Eligibility determination policies, innovations in diagnostic practices, the cost and financing of assessment, variability among programs in diagnostic criteria, and racial/ethnic disparities in the timing of diagnosis all influence the capacity of service systems to provide diagnoses in a timely, coordinated, accurate, economical, and equitable manner. There are several barriers to the more widespread provision of intensive intervention for children with ASDs, including lack of strong evidence of effectiveness in scaled-up public programs, uncertainty about the extent of obligations to provide services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, high cost of intervention, and variability among states in their willingness to fund intensive intervention via Medicaid. Innovative policy experiments with respect to financing intensive intervention through schools and Medicaid are being conducted in a number of states.},
affiliation = {Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. shattuck@waisman.wisc.edu},
number = {2},
pages = {129--35},
volume = {13},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Capital Financing, Autistic Disorder, Child, Education: Special, Humans, United States, Public Policy},
date-added = {2010-02-19 20:21:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 20:21:54 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/mrdd.20143},
pmid = {17563895},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Shattuck-2007-Ment%20Retard%20Dev%20Disabil%20Res%20Rev_Issues%20related%20to%20th.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6179},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Levy:2008p1570,
author = {R Levy and G R Hancock},
title = {A Generalized Model Comparison Framework for Covariance and Mean Structure Models, Accommodating Multiple Groups and Latent Mixtures},
abstract = {The model comparison framework of Levy and Hancock (2007) for covariance and mean
structure models is extended to treat multiple-group models, both in cases where group membership is known and those in which it is unknown (i.e., finite mixtures). The framework addresses questions of distinguishability as well as difference in fit of the models with respect to data, first by determining the nature of the models' relation in terms of the families of distributions that constitute the models and then by conducting the appropriate statistical test(s). In the case of latent mixtures of groups, the standard likelihood ratio theory does not apply and a bootstrapping approach is employed to facilitate the tests. Illustrations demonstrate the procedures.},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:56:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 16:57:33 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Levy-2008-_A%20Generalized%20Model.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1570},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Beeby:2006p2236,
author = {Harry N Beeby and Sarah E Medland and Nicholas G Martin},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {ViewPoint and ViewDist: utilities for rapid graphing of linkage distributions and identification of outliers},
abstract = {ViewPoint and ViewDist are stand alone Java utilities designed to provide an interactive visual representation of data from files which may be created by the user or produced directly from analyses packages such as Mx. ViewPoint is designed for representation of linkage results and can be used for summarizing multiple univariate linkage results or providing detailed comparison of univariate and multivariate results, with optional dynamic sub-plots designed to display the QTL path coefficients at each marker. ViewDist is an easy to use distribution plotter designed for use with raw data or case-wise likelihood statistics. The utility can produce Q-Q plots (assuming either normal or chi(2)-distributions) and by allowing data to be read simultaneously from two files readily produces difference plots allowing comparison of the case-wise likelihood under two competing models.},
affiliation = {Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. harry.beeby@qimr.edu.au},
number = {1},
pages = {7--11},
volume = {36},
year = {2006},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, linkage disequilibrium, Reproducibility of Results, Chromosome Mapping, Quantitative Trait Loci},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:57:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-006-9045-z},
pmid = {16502136},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Beeby-2006-Behav%20Genet_ViewPoint%20and%20ViewDi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2236},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lehmann:2005p4753,
author = {EL Lehmann and J P Romano},
journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
title = {Generalizations of the familywise error rate},
abstract = {Consider the problem of simultaneously testing null hypotheses H1,...,Hs. The usual approach to dealing with the multiplicity prob- lem is to restrict attention to procedures that control the familywise error rate (FWER), the probability of even one false rejection. In many applications, particularly if s is large, one might be willing to tolerate more than one false rejection provided the number of such cases is controlled, thereby increasing the ability of the procedure to detect false null hypotheses. This suggests replacing control of the FWER by controlling the probability of k or more false rejec- tions, which we call the k-FWER. We derive both single-step and stepdown procedures that control the k-FWER, without making any assumptions concerning the dependence structure of the p-values of the individual tests. In particular, we derive a stepdown procedure that is quite simple to apply, and prove that it cannot be improved without violation of control of the k-FWER. We also consider the false discovery proportion (FDP) defined by the number of false re- jections divided by the total number of rejections (defined to be 0 if there are no rejections). The false discovery rate proposed by Ben- jamini and Hochberg [J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 57 (1995) 289--300] controls E(FDP). Here, we construct methods such that, for any γ and α, P {FDP > γ} ≤ α. Two stepdown methods are proposed. The first holds under mild conditions on the dependence structure of p- values, while the second is more conservative but holds without any dependence assumptions.},
number = {3},
pages = {1138--1154},
volume = {33},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-02-01 12:06:44 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-11 09:54:11 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lehmann-2005-The%20Annals%20of%20Statistics_Generalizations%20of%20t-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4753},
rating = {0}
}

@inbook{Hamon:2002,
author = {A Hamon and M Mesbah},
journal = {Book},
title = {Statistical Methods for Quality of Life Studies. Design, Measurement and Analysis},
chapter = {Questionnaire Reliability under the Rasch Model},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hamon-2002-Book_Statistical%20Methods.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1900},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Yamada:2007p11042,
author = {Atsurou Yamada and Miyoshi Suzuki and Misuzu Kato and Mie Suzuki and Sayumi Tanaka and Takuo Shindo and Kazuo Taketani and Tatsuo Akechi and Toshi A Furukawa},
journal = {Psychiatry Clin Neurosci},
title = {Emotional distress and its correlates among parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders},
abstract = {A number of studies have reported that parents of autistic children face higher levels of stress, but few studies examined the stress associated with the home care of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) other than autistic disorder. The aims of the present study were therefore to (i) evaluate the emotional stress level of parents caring for their children with PDD; and (ii) explore the correlates of their emotional stress. Participants were 147 families (147 mothers and 122 fathers) of 158 children with PDD (42 with autistic disorder, 35 with Asperger's disorder and 81 with PDD not otherwise specified). K6 was used to measure the stress level of the parents. Marital relationships and personality were assessed with the Intimate Bond Measure and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, respectively. The parents also rated the characteristics of their children with PDD through the Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS). The mean K6 score of the mothers was significantly higher than that of the women in the general population in Japan. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that the emotional stress of the mothers was correlated with the personality traits of Neuroticism and Agreeableness, perceived Control by the husband, and the children's PARS score. Clinicians can deliver better service by paying appropriate attention to the emotional distress of mothers of children with not only autistic disorder but also other PDD.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. atsurou.yamada@mbr.cifty.com},
number = {6},
pages = {651--7},
volume = {61},
year = {2007},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Object Attachment, Child, Asperger Syndrome, Personality, Ambulatory Care, Schools, Female, Regression Analysis, Stress: Psychological, Socioeconomic Factors, Child Development Disorders: Pervasive, Male, Adult, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Marriage, Humans, Intelligence, Questionnaires, Autistic Disorder, Child Behavior, Age of Onset, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Parents},
date-added = {2010-04-14 13:41:47 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-14 13:41:47 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01736.x},
pii = {PCN1736},
pmid = {18081627},
URL = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118506127/abstract},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Yamada-2007-Psychiatry%20Clin%20Neurosci_Emotional%20distress%20a.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11042},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Melzer:2008p2299,
author = {David Melzer and John R B Perry and Dena Hernandez and Anna-Maria Corsi and Kara Stevens and Ian Rafferty and Fulvio Lauretani and Anna Murray and J Raphael Gibbs and Giuseppe Paolisso and Sajjad Rafiq and Javier Simon-Sanchez and Hana Lango and Sonja Scholz and Michael N Weedon and Sampath Arepalli and Neil Rice and Nicole Washecka and Alison Hurst and Angela Britton and William Henley and Joyce van de Leemput and Rongling Li and Anne B Newman and Greg Tranah and Tamara Harris and Vijay Panicker and Colin Dayan and Amanda Bennett and Mark I McCarthy and Aimo Ruokonen and Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin and Jack Guralnik and Stefania Bandinelli and Timothy M Frayling and Andrew Singleton and Luigi Ferrucci},
journal = {PLoS Genet},
title = {A genome-wide association study identifies protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs)},
abstract = {There is considerable evidence that human genetic variation influences gene expression. Genome-wide studies have revealed that mRNA levels are associated with genetic variation in or close to the gene coding for those mRNA transcripts - cis effects, and elsewhere in the genome - trans effects. The role of genetic variation in determining protein levels has not been systematically assessed. Using a genome-wide association approach we show that common genetic variation influences levels of clinically relevant proteins in human serum and plasma. We evaluated the role of 496,032 polymorphisms on levels of 42 proteins measured in 1200 fasting individuals from the population based InCHIANTI study. Proteins included insulin, several interleukins, adipokines, chemokines, and liver function markers that are implicated in many common diseases including metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious conditions. We identified eight Cis effects, including variants in or near the IL6R (p = 1.8x10(-57)), CCL4L1 (p = 3.9x10(-21)), IL18 (p = 6.8x10(-13)), LPA (p = 4.4x10(-10)), GGT1 (p = 1.5x10(-7)), SHBG (p = 3.1x10(-7)), CRP (p = 6.4x10(-6)) and IL1RN (p = 7.3x10(-6)) genes, all associated with their respective protein products with effect sizes ranging from 0.19 to 0.69 standard deviations per allele. Mechanisms implicated include altered rates of cleavage of bound to unbound soluble receptor (IL6R), altered secretion rates of different sized proteins (LPA), variation in gene copy number (CCL4L1) and altered transcription (GGT1). We identified one novel trans effect that was an association between ABO blood group and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels (p = 6.8x10(-40)), but this finding was not present when TNF-alpha was measured using a different assay , or in a second study, suggesting an assay-specific association. Our results show that protein levels share some of the features of the genetics of gene expression. These include the presence of strong genetic effects in cis locations. The identification of protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) may be a powerful complementary method of improving our understanding of disease pathways.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom.},
number = {5},
pages = {e1000072},
volume = {4},
year = {2008},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genotype, Middle Aged, Aged: 80 and over, Male, Genome: Human, Genetic Variation, Aged, Adult, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, Female, Humans, Quantitative Trait Loci, Transcription: Genetic, Linkage (Genetics), Blood Proteins, Gene Dosage},
date-added = {2010-01-10 12:12:38 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 12:12:38 +0100},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1000072},
pmid = {18464913},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Melzer-2008-PLoS%20Genet_A%20genome-wide%20associ.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2299},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Johnson:2004p10895,
author = {R B Johnson and A J Onwuegbuzie},
journal = {Educational Researcher},
title = {Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come},
abstract = {The purposes of this article are to position mixed methods research (mixed research is a synonym) as the natural complement to tradi- tional qualitative and quantitative research, to present pragmatism as offering an attractive philosophical partner for mixed methods re- search, and to provide a framework for designing and conducting mixed methods research. In doing this, we briefly review the para- digm ``wars'' and incompatibility thesis, we show some commonali- ties between quantitative and qualitative research, we explain the tenets of pragmatism, we explain the fundamental principle of mixed research and how to apply it, we provide specific sets of designs for the two major types of mixed methods research (mixed-model de- signs and mixed-method designs), and, finally, we explain mixed meth- ods research as following (recursively) an eight-step process. A key feature of mixed methods research is its methodological pluralism or eclecticism, which frequently results in superior research (com- pared to monomethod research). Mixed methods research will be successful as more investigators study and help advance its concepts and as they regularly practice it.},
number = {7},
pages = {14--26},
volume = {33},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-04-10 03:36:57 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-10 03:37:57 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Johnson-2004-Educational%20Researcher_Mixed%20Methods%20Resear.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10895},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tochigi:2006p11582,
author = {Mamoru Tochigi and Takeshi Otowa and Hiroyuki Hibino and Chieko Kato and Toshiyuki Otani and Tadashi Umekage and Takeshi Utsumi and Nobumasa Kato and Tsukasa Sasaki},
journal = {Neurosci Res},
title = {Combined analysis of association between personality traits and three functional polymorphisms in the tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase A, and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes},
abstract = {Several molecular genetic studies have been conducted with regard to the association between catecholamine-related genes and personality traits. However, the results of replication studies did not always coincide. One of the possible reasons may be that the effect exerted by the individual gene is small. In the present study, we investigated the association between personality traits and systematic combination of functional polymorphisms in three genes that regulate the metabolism of catecholamines, namely, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The (TCAT)n repeat in the TH gene, the promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the MAOA gene, and Val158Met in the COMT gene were genotyped in 256 healthy Japanese volunteers. Personality traits were evaluated using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R). As a result, the score for Neuroticism increased, and those for Extraversion and Conscientiousness decreased according to the degree of functional polymorphic change, i.e., the lower synthesis/higher catalysis of catecholamines. A statistically significant difference was observed in the change of Extraversion (p=0.04, after Bonferroni correction). These results may provide evidence for the association between metabolic change of catecholamines and personality traits, which may be due to the additive effect of the three genes.},
affiliation = {Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.},
number = {3},
pages = {180--5},
volume = {54},
year = {2006},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Male, Personality, Adult, Humans, Monoamine Oxidase, Female, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Polymorphism: Genetic},
date-added = {2010-05-09 18:26:20 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-09 18:26:25 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.neures.2005.11.003},
pii = {S0168-0102(05)00298-1},
pmid = {16360899},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tochigi-2006-Neurosci%20Res_Combined%20analysis%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11582},
rating = {4}
}

@inbook{Edwards:1991,
author = {WS Edwards and D Cantor},
journal = {Book},
title = {Measurement errors in sruveys},
chapter = {Toward a response model in establishment surveys},
pages = {211--233},
year = {1991},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p974},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kromrey:2010p11752,
author = {J D Kromrey and C G Parshall and W M Chason and O Yi},
title = {Generating Item Responses Based on Multidimensional Item Response Theory},
abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate code written in SAS/IML software that generates examinees' test responses (0/1s) based on a multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model. This program reads in a file of calibrated item parameters from the NOHARM computer program (Fraser {\&} McDonald, 1986) and generates normally distributed random variables to represent examinees' ability levels on each dimension.
The SAS/IML program calculates the probability of an examinee obtaining a correct response based on the MIRT model, then compares this probability with a uniform random number to decide the examinee's item response. If the probability is larger than the random number, the examinee is credited a correct response (i.e., an item score of 1), otherwise, a zero. The program allows control of the number of samples, the number of examinees, and the number of items for which item responses are generated.},
date-added = {2010-05-14 22:00:11 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-14 22:01:05 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kromrey--_Generating%20Item%20Resp.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11752},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hung:2007p7757,
author = {H M James Hung and Sue-Jane Wang and Robert O'Neill},
journal = {J Biopharm Stat},
title = {Statistical considerations for testing multiple endpoints in group sequential or adaptive clinical trials},
abstract = {Many clinical trials are designed with a fixed sample size or total number of events to detect a postulated size of treatment effect on a primary efficacy endpoint. When the trial is completed and the primary efficacy endpoint achieves statistical significance, formal statistical testing of other clinically important secondary endpoints often follows in order for the statistically and clinically significant results of these endpoints to be included in the label of the test pharmaceutical product. In conventional fixed designs without any interim analysis or trial extension, these endpoints are often tested in a pre-specified hierarchical order, following the closed testing principle. This testing strategy ensures a strong control of the overall type I error. However, when trials are conducted using a group-sequential design with interim analyses or can be extended using an adaptive design with an increase of sample size or total number of events, this conventional hierarchical testing strategy may violate the closure principle and the overall type I error rate may not be controlled in the strong sense.},
affiliation = {Division of Biometrics I, OB/OTS/CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, USA. hsienming.hung@fda.hhs.gov},
number = {6},
pages = {1201--10},
volume = {17},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Clinical Trials as Topic, Sample Size, Endpoint Determination, Research Design, Probability},
date-added = {2010-03-17 20:53:31 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:32:23 +0200},
doi = {10.1080/10543400701645405},
pii = {785296381},
pmid = {18027226},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7757},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Meier:2008p6237,
author = {L Meier and S van de Geer and P B{\"u}hlmann},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Serie B},
title = {The group lasso for logistic regression},
abstract = {The group lasso is an extension of the lasso to do variable selection on (predefined) groups of variables in linear regression models. The estimates have the attractive property of being invariant under groupwise orthogonal reparameterizations. We extend the group lasso to logistic regression models and present an efficient algorithm, that is especially suitable for high dimensional problems, which can also be applied to generalized linear models to solve the corresponding convex optimization problem. The group lasso estimator for logistic regression is shown to be statistically consistent even if the number of predictors is much larger than sam- ple size but with sparse true underlying structure. We further use a two-stage procedure which aims for sparser models than the group lasso, leading to improved prediction performance for some cases. Moreover, owing to the two-stage nature, the estimates can be constructed to be hierarchical. The methods are used on simulated and real data sets about splice site detection in DNA sequences.},
number = {1},
pages = {53--71},
volume = {70},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-02-19 21:09:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:38:24 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Meier-2008-Journal%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20Serie%20B_The%20group%20lasso%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6237},
rating = {0}
}

@article{DelFiol:2009p2375,
author = {Guilherme Del Fiol and Peter J Haug},
journal = {J Biomed Inform},
title = {Classification models for the prediction of clinicians' information needs},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Clinicians face numerous information needs during patient care activities and most of these needs are not met. Infobuttons are information retrieval tools that help clinicians to fulfill their information needs by providing links to on-line health information resources from within an electronic medical record (EMR) system. The aim of this study was to produce classification models based on medication infobutton usage data to predict the medication-related content topics (e.g., dose, adverse effects, drug interactions, patient education) that a clinician is most likely to choose while entering medication orders in a particular clinical context. DESIGN: We prepared a dataset with 3078 infobutton sessions and 26 attributes describing characteristics of the user, the medication, and the patient. In these sessions, users selected one out of eight content topics. Automatic attribute selection methods were then applied to the dataset to eliminate redundant and useless attributes. The reduced dataset was used to produce nine classification models from a set of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. Finally, the performance of the models was measured and compared. MEASUREMENTS: Area under the ROC curve (AUC) and agreement (kappa) between the content topics predicted by the models and those chosen by clinicians in each infobutton session. RESULTS: The performance of the models ranged from 0.49 to 0.56 (kappa). The AUC of the best model ranged from 0.73 to 0.99. The best performance was achieved when predicting choice of the adult dose, pediatric dose, patient education, and pregnancy category content topics. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that classification models based on infobutton usage data are a promising method for the prediction of content topics that a clinician would choose to answer patient care questions while using an EMR system.},
affiliation = {Biomedical Informatics Department, University of Utah, 4646 Lake Park Boulevard, Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA. guilherme.delfiol@utah.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {82--9},
volume = {42},
year = {2009},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Artificial Intelligence, Health Personnel, User-Computer Interface, Medical Records Systems: Computerized, Models: Statistical, Patient Care, ROC Curve, Decision Support Systems: Clinical, Bayes Theorem, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Prescriptions, Algorithms, Information Storage and Retrieval, Area Under Curve, Databases: Factual, Humans, Online Systems},
date-added = {2010-01-10 19:28:57 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 19:28:57 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2008.07.001},
pii = {S1532-0464(08)00095-6},
pmid = {18675380},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Del%20Fiol-2009-J%20Biomed%20Inform_Classification%20model.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2375},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Buschgens:2009p1235,
author = {Cathelijne J M Buschgens and Marcel A G van Aken and Sophie H N Swinkels and Johan Ormel and Frank C Verhulst and Jan K Buitelaar},
journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
title = {Externalizing behaviors in preadolescents: familial risk to externalizing behaviors and perceived parenting styles},
abstract = {The aim was to investigate the contribution of familial risk to externalizing behaviors (FR-EXT), perceived parenting styles, and their interactions to the prediction of externalizing behaviors in preadolescents. Participants were preadolescents aged 10-12 years who participated in TRAILS, a large prospective population-based cohort study in the Netherlands (N = 2,230). Regression analyses were used to determine the relative contribution of FR-EXT and perceived parenting styles to parent and teacher ratings of externalizing behaviors. FR-EXT was based on lifetime parental externalizing psychopathology and the different parenting styles (emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection) were based on the child's perspective. We also investigated whether different dimensions of perceived parenting styles had different effects on subdomains of externalizing behavior. We found main effects for FR-EXT (vs. no FR-EXT), emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection that were fairly consistent across rater and outcome measures. More specific, emotional warmth was the most consistent predictor of all outcome measures, and rejection was a stronger predictor of aggression and delinquency than of inattention. Interaction effects were found for FR-EXT and perceived parental rejection and overprotection; other interactions between FR-EXT and parenting styles were not significant. Correlations between FR-EXT and perceived parenting styles were absent or very low and were without clinical significance. Predominantly main effects of FR-EXT and perceived parenting styles independently contribute to externalizing behaviors in preadolescents, suggesting FR-EXT and parenting styles to be two separate areas of causality. The relative lack of gene-environment interactions may be due to the epidemiological nature of the study, the preadolescent age of the subjects, the measurement level of parenting and the measurement level of FR-EXT, which might be a consequence of both genetic and environmental factors.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, HP 966, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, C.Buschgens@psy.umcn.nl.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-01-07 11:23:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 11:23:29 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s00787-009-0086-8},
pmid = {20041337},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1235},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Doledec:1994p12020,
author = {S Dol{\'e}dec and D Chessel},
journal = {Freshwater Biology},
title = {Co-inertia analysis: An alternative method for studying species-environment relationships},
pages = {277--294},
volume = {31},
year = {1994},
date-added = {2010-05-23 22:48:57 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 22:50:00 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dol%C3%A9dec-1994-Freshwater%20Biology_Co-inertia%20analysis.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12020},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Billiet:2002p11933,
author = {J Billiet and B Cambr{\'e} and J Welkenhuysen-Gybels},
title = {Equivalence of Measurement Instruments for Attitude Variables in Comparative Surveys, Taking Method Effects into Account: The Case of Ethnocentrism},
abstract = {This study is focused on the construction of a cross-national comparable measurement instrument for attitude variables in comparative surveys. Multi-group measurement models for latent variables (LISREL), taking method effects into account, are applied. The measurements of the 'out- group' dimension of ethnocentrism (variables q42, q44, q45, q47-q52) in the 1995 ISSP dataset are used. Nearly all the items in the quasi balanced set are written in a Likert format in which respondents are asked how strongly they agree or disagree with each attitude statement. There is considerable evidence that such a response format can be susceptible to an agreeing- response bias called acquiescence (Billiet and McClendon, 2000). It is shown that in all countries, models with a method or style factor (acquiescence) always fit the data better than models without a style factor. It is investigated to what extent the measurement instrument with a content and a method factor is equivalent over the cultural groups. In a first step the factor loadings of the groups are explored by cluster analysis. After the detection of two subsets of groups that are likely to share equivalent measurement instruments, a stepwise procedure was performed starting with the measurement model for one group, and then looking for equivalent groups (countries) only accepting minor changes in the measurement model. The introduction of a style factor allows us to control for a possible source of measurement non-equivalence, namely method bias. Moreover, the inclusion of a method factor gives the opportunity to investigate the differences in method effects between the groups (countries). However, it is found that both, the variance of the style factor and its factor loadings do not differ between the groups in the first subset of countries, but there are differences in the degree of acquiescence in the second one. It seems reasonable to conclude that the agreeing-response bias does not lead to a cross-cultural method bias in the measurement of ethnocentrism in the Western countries of ISSP 1995.},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-05-23 16:50:32 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 16:51:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Billiet-2002-_Equivalence%20of%20Measu.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11933},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Bechger:2002p14010,
author = {Timo M Bechger and Dorret I Boomsma and Henk Koning},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {A limited dependent variable model for heritability estimation with non-random ascertained samples},
abstract = {In a questionnaire study, a random sample of Dutch families was asked whether they suffered from asthma and related symptoms. From these families, a selected sample was invited to come to the hospital for further phenotyping. Families were selected if at least one family member reported a history of asthma and the twins were 18 years of age or older. Not all families that were thus selected volunteered, leaving us with a fraction of the original sample. The aim of this paper is to describe a limited dependent variable model that can be used in such situations in order to obtain estimates that are representative of the population from which the sample was originally drawn. The model is a linear (DeFries-Fulker) regression model corrected for sample selection. This correction is possible when (some of) the characteristics that determine whether subjects volunteer (or not) are known for all subjects, including those that did not volunteer. The questionnaire study is of interest by itself but serves mainly to provide a concrete illustration of our method. The present model is used to analyze the data and the results are compared to those obtained with other methods: raw (or direct) likelihood estimation, multiple imputation, and sample weighting. Throughout, Rubin's general theory of inference with missing data serves as an integrating framework.},
affiliation = {National Institute for Educational Measurement (Cito), Arnhem, The Netherlands. timo.bechger@citogroep.nl},
number = {2},
pages = {145--51},
volume = {32},
year = {2002},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Diseases in Twins, Bias (Epidemiology), Risk, Adolescent, Models: Genetic, Humans, Asthma, Likelihood Functions, Adult, Genetic Testing, Female, Child, Phenotype, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Netherlands, Male},
date-added = {2010-08-04 09:36:02 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-04 09:36:02 +0200},
pmid = {12036112},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bechger-2002-Behav%20Genet_A%20limited%20dependent.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14010},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Eiser:2001p8501,
author = {C Eiser and R Morse},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {Can parents rate their child's health-related quality of life? Results of a systematic review},
abstract = {A systematic review was conducted to determine the relationship between ratings of children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) made by parents and children. This was investigated in relation to four questions: is agreement greater for some domains (e.g. physical HRQoL) than others?; do parents perceive illness to have a greater impact than their child?; how is agreement affected by child age, gender and illness status?; and is the relationship between proxy ratings affected by the method of data collection? Fourteen studies were identified. Consistent with previous research, there was greater agreement for observable functioning (e.g. physical HRQoL), and less for non-observable functioning (e.g. emotional or social HRQoL). Three studies assessed whether parents perceive the illness to have a greater impact than their child, but no clear conclusions could be drawn given differences in measures used. Agreement is better between parents and chronically sick children compared with parents and their healthy children, but no effects were found for age or gender. All of these results may be dependent on the specific measure of HRQoL employed. There remain strong arguments for obtaining information from both parents and children whenever possible.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, UK. c.eiser@sheffield.ac.uk},
number = {4},
pages = {347--57},
volume = {10},
year = {2001},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Parents, Sex Factors, Quality of Life, Adolescent, Adult, Observer Variation, Age Factors, Child: Preschool, Female, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Child, Humans, Data Collection},
date-added = {2010-03-21 18:01:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:28 +0200},
pmid = {11763247},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Eiser-2001-Qual%20Life%20Res_Can%20parents%20rate%20the.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8501},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Moon:2007p4076,
author = {Hojin Moon and Hongshik Ahn and Ralph L Kodell and Songjoon Baek and Chien-Ju Lin and James J Chen},
journal = {Artif Intell Med},
title = {Ensemble methods for classification of patients for personalized medicine with high-dimensional data},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Personalized medicine is defined by the use of genomic signatures of patients in a target population for assignment of more effective therapies as well as better diagnosis and earlier interventions that might prevent or delay disease. An objective is to find a novel classification algorithm that can be used for prediction of response to therapy in order to help individualize clinical assignment of treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Classification algorithms are required to be highly accurate for optimal treatment on each patient. Typically, there are numerous genomic and clinical variables over a relatively small number of patients, which presents challenges for most traditional classification algorithms to avoid over-fitting the data. We developed a robust classification algorithm for high-dimensional data based on ensembles of classifiers built from the optimal number of random partitions of the feature space. The software is available on request from the authors. RESULTS: The proposed algorithm is applied to genomic data sets on lymphoma patients and lung cancer patients to distinguish disease subtypes for optimal treatment and to genomic data on breast cancer patients to identify patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. The performance of the proposed algorithm is consistently ranked highly compared to the other classification algorithms. CONCLUSION: The statistical classification method for individualized treatment of diseases developed in this study is expected to play a critical role in developing safer and more effective therapies that replace one-size-fits-all drugs with treatments that focus on specific patient needs.},
affiliation = {Department of Mathematics and Statistics, California State University-Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA. hmoon623@yahoo.com},
number = {3},
pages = {197--207},
volume = {41},
year = {2007},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Mesothelioma, Pleural Neoplasms, Models: Statistical, Lung Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Algorithms, Lymphoma: Large B-Cell: Diffuse, Patient Selection, Software, Male, Gene Expression Regulation: Neoplastic, Breast Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Reproducibility of Results, Chemotherapy: Adjuvant, Diagnosis: Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome, Neoplasms},
date-added = {2010-01-19 15:53:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 15:53:55 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.artmed.2007.07.003},
pii = {S0933-3657(07)00086-3},
pmid = {17719213},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Moon-2007-Artif%20Intell%20Med_Ensemble%20methods%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4076},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Baayen:2004p3625,
author = {R H Baayen},
title = {Statistics in Psycholinguistics: A critique of some current gold standards},
abstract = {This paper presents a detailed critique of some current gold standards for the stat- istical analysis of experimental data in psycholinguistics. A series of examples il- lustrates (1) the disadvantages of reducing numerical variables to factors and the importance of including available covariates in the model, (2) the advantages of us- ing multilevel models instead of the traditional by-subject and by-item procedures and the quasi-F test, and (3) the relevance of logistic models for binary data such as the error measure in decision tasks.},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-01-16 18:47:41 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 18:48:09 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Baayen-2004-_Statistics%20in%20Psycho.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3625},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Way:2006,
author = {Walter D Way and Laurie Laughlin Davis and Steven Fitzpatrick},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Practical questions in introducing computerized adaptive testing for K-12 assessments},
year = {2006},
month = {Apr},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Way-2006-Miscellaneous_Practical%20questions.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1933},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hall:2010p3117,
author = {Peter A Hall and Jorge S Reis-Filho and Ian Pm Tomlinson and Richard Poulsom},
journal = {J Pathol},
title = {An introduction to genes, genomes and disease},
abstract = {The human and other genome projects and subsequent resequencing programmes have provided new perspectives on the nature of the gene and how genes function. Understanding the complexity of the eukaryotic nucleus and the diversity of genetic regulatory mechanisms, including the role of non-coding RNAs, translational control mechanisms and the extraordinary prevalence of splicing, will be central to understanding how genes function, as will the recognition of gene dosage issues. This introduction to the 2010 Annual Review Issue, Genes, Genomes and Disease, provides overviews of these areas and then considers their relevance to a range of human diseases, including cardiovascular and renal disease, neural tube defects and cancer. The p53 gene is considered as an example of a massively regulated gene and the genetic perturbations in cancer are considered in a historical perspective. High-throughput genomic and transcriptomic methods have led to a paradigm shift in the way cancers are perceived and have changed the way translational research is performed. The progress in our understanding of chromosomal rearrangements in cancer, once believed to be incredibly rare events in epithelial malignancies, is discussed. The identification of low-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes through genome-wide association studies and their implications are reviewed. The contribution and limitations of expression profiling are discussed. In the last series of reviews, future challenges are addressed: the promise of synthetic lethality strategies in cancer therapy, a case for 'systems' approaches to genetic networks and the potential of single molecule genetic technologies. Finally, the question 'Does massively parallel DNA resequencing signify the end of histopathology as we know it?' is posed. Readers should find that the 2010 Annual Review Issue is an invaluable resource on contemporary genetics and its applications to understanding disease.},
affiliation = {Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BL, UK. peter.hall@qub.ac.uk},
number = {2},
pages = {109--13},
volume = {220},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-14 20:22:28 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 20:22:28 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/path.2652},
pmid = {19960555},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3117},
rating = {0}
}

@techreport{Willms:2007,
author = {J D Willms and T Smith},
journal = {Techreport},
title = {A Manual for Conducting Analyses with Data from TIMSS and PISA},
affiliation = {UNESCO Institute for Statistics},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:20 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Willms-2007-Techreport_A%20Manual%20for%20Conduct.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2148},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Pocock:1990p3993,
author = {S J Pocock and M D Hughes},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Estimation issues in clinical trials and overviews},
abstract = {There is a general move towards greater emphasis on point and interval estimates of treatment effect in reporting of clinical trials, so that significance testing plays a lesser role. In this article we examine a number of issues which affect the use and interpretation of conventional estimation methods. Should we accept or avoid the stereotypes of 95 per cent confidence? Should the abstract of a trial report include confidence intervals for major endpoints? Are frequentist confidence intervals being interpreted correctly, and should Bayesian probability intervals be more widely used in trial reports? Does the timing of publication, such as early stopping because of a large observed treatment difference, lead to exaggerated point and interval estimates? How can we produce realistic estimates from subgroup analyses? Is publication bias seriously affecting our ability to obtain unbiased estimates? Is the emphasis on estimation methods a powerful tool for encouraging larger sample sizes? Can we resolve the controversy concerning fixed or random effects models for estimation in overviews of related trials? Our arguments are illustrated by results from recent trials in cardiovascular disease.},
affiliation = {Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K.},
number = {6},
pages = {657--71},
volume = {9},
year = {1990},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Bayes Theorem, Clinical Trials as Topic, Confidence Intervals, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Bias (Epidemiology)},
date-added = {2010-01-17 23:24:36 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-17 23:24:36 +0100},
pmid = {2145623},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3993},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fantino:2009p8354,
author = {Bruno Fantino and Nicholas Moore},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
title = {The self-reported Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale is a useful evaluative tool in Major Depressive Disorder},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The use of Patient-reported Outcomes (PROs) as secondary endpoints in the development of new antidepressants has grown in recent years. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the 9-item, patient-administered version of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). METHODS: Data from a multicentre, double-blind, 8-week, randomised controlled trial of 278 outpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder were used to evaluate the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of the MADRS-S using psychometric methods. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to identify the most appropriate threshold to define perceived remission. RESULTS: No missing values were found at the item level, indicating good acceptability of the scale. The construct validity was satisfactory: all items contributed to a common underlying concept, as expected. The correlation between MADRS-S and physicians' MADRS was moderate (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) indicating that MADRS-S is complementary rather than redundant to the MADRS. Cronbach's alpha was 0.84, and the stability over time of the scale, estimated on a sub-sample of patients whose health status did not change during the first week of the study, was good (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.78). MADRS-S sensitivity to change was shown. Using a threshold value of 5, the definition of "perceived remission" reached a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 75%. CONCLUSION: Taking account of patient's perceptions of the severity of their own symptoms along with the psychometric properties of the MADRS-S enable its use for evaluative purposes in the development of new antidepressant drugs.},
affiliation = {ADIM-AGORAS, Lyon, France. bruno.fantino@wanadoo.fr},
pages = {26},
volume = {9},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Adolescent, Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sensitivity and Specificity, Treatment Outcome, Health Status, Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder: Major, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Adult, Psychometrics, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Drug Discovery, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Ambulatory Care, Male},
date-added = {2010-03-21 12:56:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 12:56:02 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-9-26},
pii = {1471-244X-9-26},
pmid = {19473506},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fantino-2009-BMC%20Psychiatry_The%20self-reported%20Mo.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8354},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Claridge:1996p5513,
author = {G Claridge and C McCreery and O Mason and R Bentall and G Boyle and P Slade and D Popplewell},
journal = {Br J Clin Psychol},
title = {The factor structure of "schizotypal' traits: a large replication study},
abstract = {The heterogeneity of schizotypal traits, suggested in previous research, was further investigated in a sample of subjects (N = 1095) administered a composite questionnaire consisting of a large number of published scales the majority of which were designed to measure psychotic characteristics. Factor analysis confirmed the four components previously indicated in our work with the same instrument; namely, "aberrant perceptions and beliefs', "cognitive disorganization', "introvertive anhedonia' and "asocial behaviour'. This structure was maintained regardless of whether or not the analysis included scales from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, which might otherwise have been held to explain the variance. "Aberrant perceptions and beliefs'-reminiscent of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia-was the strongest component; but, given the multidimensional nature of the data, together with the pattern of factor loadings and intercorrelations for the scales involved, it was concluded that the broader term "psychosis-proneness' or "psychoticism' (in a non-Eysenckian sense) might be a better descriptor of the clinical and personality domain sampled.},
affiliation = {University of Oxford Department of Experimental Psychology, UK.},
pages = {103--15},
volume = {35 ( Pt 1)},
year = {1996},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, Middle Aged, Adult, Reproducibility of Results, Humans, Schizophrenia, Personality Inventory, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Male, Psychometrics, Schizotypal Personality Disorder},
date-added = {2010-02-12 14:59:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-12 14:59:17 +0100},
pmid = {8673026},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5513},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tseng:2010p5093,
author = {Mei-Hui Tseng and Chung-Pei Fu and Brenda N Wilson and Fu-Chang Hu},
journal = {Res Dev Disabil},
title = {Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire in community-based children},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to adapt and evaluate the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) for use in Chinese-speaking countries. A total of 1082 parents completed the DCDQ and 35 parents repeated it after 2 weeks for test-retest reliability. Two items were deleted after examination of test consistency. Cronbach's alpha for the total score was 0.89 and test-retest reliability was 0.94. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed this version to be compatible with the original and two adaptations of the DCDQ. One-way ANOVA and the post hoc tests revealed that the non-DCD group scored significantly higher than the DCD group and the suspect DCD group, but the latter two did not differ significantly. Sensitivity and specificity of the DCDQ were 73% and 54%. The estimated area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.68. Compared to the dichotomized grouping in assessing sensitivity and specificity, which provides clinicians with all or none information about a child's probability of being DCD, the informative conditional effect plot could alert clinicians to the child with less conspicuous movement problems. This adaptation of the DCDQ could be used for identifying motor coordination problems in Chinese-speaking societies.},
affiliation = {School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. mhtseng@ntu.edu.tw},
number = {1},
pages = {33--45},
volume = {31},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Female, Humans, Child, Mass Screening, Translating, Psychometrics, ROC Curve, Reproducibility of Results, Questionnaires, Taiwan, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Motor Skills Disorders},
date-added = {2010-02-05 20:14:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-05 20:14:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2009.07.018},
pii = {S0891-4222(09)00118-8},
pmid = {19709853},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5093},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dias:2009p5150,
author = {Vasco Videira Dias and Sofia Brissos and Benicio N Frey and Ana Cristina Andreazza and Carlos Cardoso and Fl{\'a}vio Kapczinski},
journal = {Bipolar Disord},
title = {Cognitive function and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with bipolar disorder},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), and abnormalities in the BDNF-signaling system may be implicated in the cognitive decline observed in BD patients. We aimed to investigate serum BDNF levels in BD patients and its relation to neurocognitive function. METHODS: We measured serum BDNF levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 65 euthymic type I BD patients and 50 healthy controls, and administered a neuropsychological test battery to assess attention and mental control, perceptual-motor skills, executive functions, verbal fluency and abstraction, visuospatial attention, and memory. RESULTS: We found no significant differences regarding serum BDNF levels in BD patients and healthy controls. We found significant positive associations between serum BDNF levels and illness duration, and manic and depressive episodes in female BD patients only. Serum BDNF levels were lower in patients medicated with antipsychotics and/or lithium, whereas patients on valproate and/or antidepressants showed higher serum BDNF levels. Patients performed significantly worse on 11 out of 16 neurocognitive tests as compared to controls. We found a significant positive association between serum BDNF levels and a test of verbal fluency in both BD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Present results support the hypothesis that BDNF normalizes with mood stabilization and pharmacological treatment. Our findings in young and physically healthy patients with short illness duration and few mood episodes may explain the lack of association between serum BDNF levels and neurocognitive performance, even though cognitive performance in patients was overall significantly worse as compared to healthy controls.},
affiliation = {University of Extremadura (UNEX), Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain.},
number = {6},
pages = {663--71},
volume = {11},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Middle Aged, Female, Analysis of Variance, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Time Factors, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Bipolar Disorder, Adolescent, Cognition Disorders, Young Adult, Adult},
date-added = {2010-02-05 20:19:44 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-05 20:19:44 +0100},
doi = {10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00733.x},
pii = {BDI733},
pmid = {19689509},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5150},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Muthen:1985p6602,
author = {B Muth{\'e}n and D Kaplan},
journal = {Bristish Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology},
title = {A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables},
pages = {171--189},
volume = {38},
year = {1985},
date-added = {2010-03-03 19:45:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-03 20:17:59 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Muth%C3%A9n-1985-Bristish%20Journal%20of%20Mathematical%20and%20Statistical%20Psychology_A%20comparison%20of%20some.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6602},
rating = {4}
}

@misc{Farahat:2006,
author = {Ayman Farahat and Francine Chen},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Improving probabilistic latent semantic analysis with principal component analysis},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Farahat-2006-Miscellaneous_Improving%20probabilis.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2081},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Guittet:2005p9769,
author = {Lydia Guittet and Bruno Giraudeau and Philippe Ravaud},
journal = {BMC Med Res Methodol},
title = {A priori postulated and real power in cluster randomized trials: mind the gap},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cluster randomization design is increasingly used for the evaluation of health-care, screening or educational interventions. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) defines the clustering effect and be specified during planning. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the ICC on power in cluster randomized trials. METHODS: Power contour graphs were drawn to illustrate the loss in power induced by an underestimation of the ICC when planning trials. We also derived the maximum achievable power given a specified ICC. RESULTS: The magnitude of the ICC can have a major impact on power, and with low numbers of clusters, 80% power may not be achievable. CONCLUSION: Underestimating the ICC during planning cluster randomized trials can lead to a seriously underpowered trial. Publication of a priori postulated and a posteriori estimated ICCs is necessary for a more objective reading: negative trial results may be the consequence of a loss of power due to a mis-specification of the ICC.},
affiliation = {D{\'e}partement d'Epid{\'e}miologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard (AP-HP) - Universit{\'e} Paris 7, Paris, France. lguittet@free.fr},
pages = {25},
volume = {5},
year = {2005},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Decision Theory, Cluster Analysis, Geography, Humans, Research Design, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Confidence Intervals, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic},
date-added = {2010-03-25 15:19:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-25 15:19:39 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2288-5-25},
pii = {1471-2288-5-25},
pmid = {16109162},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Guittet-2005-BMC%20Med%20Res%20Methodol_A%20priori%20postulated.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9769},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Pritchard:2000p4306,
author = {J K Pritchard and M Stephens and P Donnelly},
journal = {Genetics},
title = {Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data},
abstract = {We describe a model-based clustering method for using multilocus genotype data to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. We assume a model in which there are K populations (where K may be unknown), each of which is characterized by a set of allele frequencies at each locus. Individuals in the sample are assigned (probabilistically) to populations, or jointly to two or more populations if their genotypes indicate that they are admixed. Our model does not assume a particular mutation process, and it can be applied to most of the commonly used genetic markers, provided that they are not closely linked. Applications of our method include demonstrating the presence of population structure, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, and identifying migrants and admixed individuals. We show that the method can produce highly accurate assignments using modest numbers of loci-e.g. , seven microsatellite loci in an example using genotype data from an endangered bird species. The software used for this article is available from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/ approximately pritch/home. html.},
affiliation = {Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. pritch@tats.ox.ac.uk},
number = {2},
pages = {945--59},
volume = {155},
year = {2000},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Algorithms, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Models: Genetic, Genotype, Genetics: Population},
date-added = {2010-01-26 10:53:33 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-26 10:53:33 +0100},
pmid = {10835412},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Pritchard-2000-Genetics_Inference%20of%20populat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4306},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kessler:1998,
author = {RC Kessler and M Olfson and PA Berglund},
journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
title = {Patterns and predictors of treatment contact after first onset of psychiatric disorders},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The authors used self-report data to study patterns and predictors of treatment contact after the first onset of DSM-III-R mood, anxiety, and addictive disorders. METHOD: Data from the National Comorbidity Survey, a general population survey of 8,098 respondents, were used. Disorders were assessed by using a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Age at onset and age at first treatment contact were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS: There was great variation across disorders in lifetime probability of treatment contact. Most treatment contact was delayed; the median delay time was between 6 and 14 years across the disorders considered here. Probability of treatment contact was inversely related to age at onset and increased in younger cohorts. The effects of sociodemographic variables were modest and inconsistent across disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of people with the disorders considered here eventually make treatment contact. However, delay was pervasive. Further research is needed on the determinants of delay and on the low probability of lifetime treatment contact among people with early-onset psychiatric disorders.},
number = {1},
pages = {62--69},
volume = {155},
year = {1998},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:09 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:13:59 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1061},
rating = {0}
}

@book{Selltiz:1959,
author = {C Selltiz and M Jahoda and M Deutsch and SW Cook},
journal = {Book},
title = {Research methods in social relations},
year = {1959},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p991},
rating = {0}
}

@article{King:2003,
author = {J A King and T G Bond},
journal = {Journal of Applied Measurement},
title = {Measuring Client Satisfaction with Public Education I: Meeting Competing Demands in Establishing State-wide Benchmarks},
number = {2},
pages = {111--123},
volume = {4},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/King-2003-Journal%20of%20Applied%20Measurement_Measuring%20Client%20Sat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2000},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Arnold:2000p7331,
author = {L M Arnold and K A Witzeman and M L Swank and S L McElroy and P E Keck},
journal = {J Affect Disord},
title = {Health-related quality of life using the SF-36 in patients with bipolar disorder compared with patients with chronic back pain and the general population},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the health-related quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder and chronic back pain and, in turn, to compare these results with those previously generated for the general population. METHODS: Subjects were patients with bipolar disorder (n=44), a comparison group of chronic back pain patients (n=30), and a population-based control sample (n=2,474). Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), a self-administered questionnaire in which lower scores are indicative of greater impairment. RESULTS: Patients with bipolar disorder had lower mean scores than the general population on all scales except Physical Functioning. Bipolar patients had significantly higher scores than chronic back pain patients in the categories of Physical Functioning, Role Limitations--Physical, Bodily Pain, and Social Function. There were no significant differences between bipolar disorder and chronic back pain groups in the Mental Health and Role Limitations - Emotional categories. LIMITATIONS: The results of the study are limited by the relatively small sample sizes of the bipolar and back pain patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with bipolar disorder had substantial impairment in health-related quality of life in comparison with the general population. Bipolar patients were less compromised in areas of physical and social functioning than chronic back pain patients but had similar impairment in mental health.},
affiliation = {Biological Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Bethesda Avenue, ML 559, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0559, USA.},
number = {1-3},
pages = {235--9},
volume = {57},
year = {2000},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Chronic Disease, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Health Status, Female, Back Pain, Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Bipolar Disorder},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:22:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:31:26 +0200},
pii = {S0165032799000427},
pmid = {10708837},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Arnold-2000-J%20Affect%20Disord_Health-related%20quali.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7331},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wu:2000p9549,
author = {A W Wu},
journal = {AIDS},
title = {Quality of life assessment comes of age in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy},
number = {10},
pages = {1449--51},
volume = {14},
year = {2000},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, HIV Infections, Quality of Life, Antiretroviral Therapy: Highly Active, Questionnaires},
date-added = {2010-03-23 20:44:59 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:12:25 +0200},
pmid = {10930161},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wu-2000-AIDS_Quality%20of%20life%20asse.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9549},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tay:2009p13441,
author = {L Tay and D A Newman and J K Vermunt},
title = {Using mixed-measurement item response theory with covariates (MM-IRT-C) to ascertain observed and unobserved measurement equivalence},
abstract = {Traditional item response theory (IRT) measurement invariance approaches examine measurement equivalence (ME) between observed groups (e.g., race, gender, culture). By contrast, mixed-measurement item response theory (MM-IRT) ascertains ME among unobserved groups (i.e., latent classes [LC] of respondents distinguished by differences in scale use). Both approaches can be integrated by using the MM-IRT-C model, in which covariates (i.e., observed characteristics) are modeled in conjunction with LCs, thereby elucidating if ME is attributable to observed and/or unobserved groupings. An advantage of the technique is that it can be used to ascertain ME over multiple observed characteristics (categorical and/or continuous) concomitantly. In general, the MM-IRT-C can serve several purposes: (a) infer underlying latent measurement classes (LCs), (b) determine associations of LC membership with observed characteristics, and (c) determine if observed measurement nonequivalence occurs predominantly within a particular latent measurement class. This method is illustrated using a measure of union citizenship behavior, with years of work experience and gender as covariates. The substantive and methodological contributions of this model for rethinking ME and its use in organizational research are discussed.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-07-01 20:04:28 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 20:05:15 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tay-2009-_Using%20mixed-measurem.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13441},
rating = {5}
}

@techreport{Dings:2002,
author = {J Dings and R Childs and N Kingston},
journal = {Techreport},
title = {The effects of matrix sampling on student score comparability in constructed-response and multiple-choice assessments},
affiliation = {THE COUNCIL OF CHIEF STATE SCHOOL OFFICERS},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dings-2002-Techreport_The%20effects%20of%20matri.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1976},
rating = {0}
}

@article{WellcomeTrustCaseControlConsortium:2010p11303,
author = {Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Genome-wide association study of CNVs in 16,000 cases of eight common diseases and 3,000 shared controls},
abstract = {Copy number variants (CNVs) account for a major proportion of human genetic polymorphism and have been predicted to have an important role in genetic susceptibility to common disease. To address this we undertook a large, direct genome-wide study of association between CNVs and eight common human diseases. Using a purpose-designed array we typed approximately 19,000 individuals into distinct copy-number classes at 3,432 polymorphic CNVs, including an estimated approximately 50% of all common CNVs larger than 500 base pairs. We identified several biological artefacts that lead to false-positive associations, including systematic CNV differences between DNAs derived from blood and cell lines. Association testing and follow-up replication analyses confirmed three loci where CNVs were associated with disease-IRGM for Crohn's disease, HLA for Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and TSPAN8 for type 2 diabetes-although in each case the locus had previously been identified in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based studies, reflecting our observation that most common CNVs that are well-typed on our array are well tagged by SNPs and so have been indirectly explored through SNP studies. We conclude that common CNVs that can be typed on existing platforms are unlikely to contribute greatly to the genetic basis of common human diseases.},
number = {7289},
pages = {713--20},
volume = {464},
year = {2010},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-04-26 22:38:59 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-26 22:38:59 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/nature08979},
pii = {nature08979},
pmid = {20360734},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wellcome%20Trust%20Case%20Control%20Consortium-2010-Nature_Genome-wide%20associat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11303},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Peng:2002p4620,
author = {R D Peng and Jan de Leeuw},
title = {An Introduction to the .C Interface to R},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-01-30 15:28:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:45:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Peng-2002-_An%20Introduction%20to%20t.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4620},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Allison:1997p13134,
author = {P J Allison and D Locker and J S Feine},
journal = {Soc Sci Med},
title = {Quality of life: a dynamic construct},
abstract = {The principle of Einstein's theory of special relativity is that an observer of an apparently moving body cannot be sure if the body really has moved, if he/she has moved or if both events have occurred. Although Einstein was discussing physical events, a similar hypothesis may apply to quality of life. When using quality of life instruments, one presumes that the point of reference (the observer in Einstein's terms) does not move, i.e. that an individual's attitude towards a particular construct will remain stable. Otherwise, changes in response to particular variables cannot be interpreted. However, attitudes are not constant: they vary with time and experience and are modified by such psychological phenomena as adaptation, coping, expectancy, optimism, self-control and self-concept. For example, eating problems may be extremely important at one point in a person's life. However, when oral discomfort has been diagnosed as cancer and treated with surgery or radiation, the same individual may "objectively" demonstrate more problems when eating, but report them as less because they have now become relatively unimportant. Furthermore, paradoxical reports that some groups of ill individuals rate their quality of life higher than do "healthy" persons raise similar questions concerning between-group point of reference differences. Investigators in the fields of organisational management, education and psychology have developed techniques such as "then ratings", saliency indicators and individualised questionnaires in attempts to quantify within-subject variability and between-group differences pertaining to point of reference. We suggest that similar methods may help us to measure change in the impact of the different items of quality of life instruments. In this paper, we will describe the theories of change associated with quality of life measurement. In addition, we will present evidence suggesting that the point of reference does change, the reasons for this and possible solutions to the problem.},
affiliation = {Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec, Canada.},
number = {2},
pages = {221--30},
volume = {45},
year = {1997},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adaptation: Psychological, Quality of Life, Activities of Daily Living, Sick Role, Humans, Bias (Epidemiology), Self Concept, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Internal-External Control},
date-added = {2010-06-26 11:05:48 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-26 11:05:48 +0200},
pii = {S0277953696003395},
pmid = {9225410},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Allison-1997-Soc%20Sci%20Med_Quality%20of%20life%20a%20d.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13134},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Harrell:1998p4732,
author = {F E Harrell and P A Margolis and S Gove and K E Mason and E K Mulholland and D Lehmann and L Muhe and S Gatchalian and H F Eichenwald},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Development of a clinical prediction model for an ordinal outcome: the World Health Organization Multicentre Study of Clinical Signs and Etiological agents of Pneumonia, Sepsis and Meningitis in Young Infants. WHO/ARI Young Infant Multicentre Study Group},
abstract = {This paper describes the methodologies used to develop a prediction model to assist health workers in developing countries in facing one of the most difficult health problems in all parts of the world: the presentation of an acutely ill young infant. Statistical approaches for developing the clinical prediction model faced at least two major difficulties. First, the number of predictor variables, especially clinical signs and symptoms, is very large, necessitating the use of data reduction techniques that are blinded to the outcome. Second, there is no uniquely accepted continuous outcome measure or final binary diagnostic criterion. For example, the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is ill-defined. Clinical decision makers must identify infants likely to have positive cultures as well as to grade the severity of illness. In the WHO/ARI Young Infant Multicentre Study we have found an ordinal outcome scale made up of a mixture of laboratory and diagnostic markers to have several clinical advantages as well as to increase the power of tests for risk factors. Such a mixed ordinal scale does present statistical challenges because it may violate constant slope assumptions of ordinal regression models. In this paper we develop and validate an ordinal predictive model after choosing a data reduction technique. We show how ordinality of the outcome is checked against each predictor. We describe new but simple techniques for graphically examining residuals from ordinal logistic models to detect problems with variable transformations as well as to detect non-proportional odds and other lack of fit. We examine an alternative type of ordinal logistic model, the continuation ratio model, to determine if it provides a better fit. We find that it does not but that this model is easily modified to allow the regression coefficients to vary with cut-offs of the response variable. Complex terms in this extended model are penalized to allow only as much complexity as the data will support. We approximate the extended continuation ratio model with a model with fewer terms to allow us to draw a nomogram for obtaining various predictions. The model is validated for calibration and discrimination using the bootstrap. We apply much of the modelling strategy described in Harrell, Lee and Mark (Statist. Med. 15, 361-387 (1998)) for survival analysis, adapting it to ordinal logistic regression and further emphasizing penalized maximum likelihood estimation and data reduction.},
affiliation = {Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA. fharrell@virginia.edu},
number = {8},
pages = {909--44},
volume = {17},
year = {1998},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {World Health Organization, Pneumonia, Chi-Square Distribution, Cluster Analysis, Infant, Mathematical Computing, Proportional Hazards Models, Logistic Models, Sepsis, Predictive Value of Tests, Infant: Newborn, Odds Ratio, Meningitis, Risk Factors, Developing Countries, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic},
date-added = {2010-01-30 16:20:37 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 16:20:37 +0100},
pii = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<909::AID-SIM753>3.0.CO;2-O},
pmid = {9595619},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Harrell-1998-Stat%20Med_Development%20of%20a%20cli.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4732},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dahlin:2007p13495,
author = {Marie E Dahlin and Bo Runeson},
journal = {BMC Med Educ},
title = {Burnout and psychiatric morbidity among medical students entering clinical training: a three year prospective questionnaire and interview-based study},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental distress among medical students is often reported. Burnout has not been studied frequently and studies using interviewer-rated diagnoses as outcomes are rarely employed. The objective of this prospective study of medical students was to examine clinically significant psychiatric morbidity and burnout at 3rd year of medical school, considering personality and study conditions measured at 1st year. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to 127 first year medical students who were then followed-up at 3rd year of medical school. Eighty-one of 3rd year respondents participated in a diagnostic interview. Personality (HP5-i) and Performance-based self-esteem (PBSE-scale) were assessed at first year, Study conditions (HESI), Burnout (OLBI), Depression (MDI) at 1st and 3rd years. Diagnostic interviews (MINI) were used at 3rd year to assess psychiatric morbidity. High and low burnout at 3rd year was defined by cluster analysis. Logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of high burnout and psychiatric morbidity, controlling for gender. RESULTS: 98 (77%) responded on both occasions, 80 (63%) of these were interviewed. High burnout was predicted by Impulsivity trait, Depressive symptoms at 1st year and Financial concerns at 1st year. When controlling for 3rd year study conditions, Impulsivity and concurrent Workload remained. Of the interviewed sample 21 (27%) had a psychiatric diagnosis, 6 of whom had sought help. Unadjusted analyses showed that psychiatric morbidity was predicted by high Performance-based self-esteem, Disengagement and Depression at 1st year, only the later remained significant in the adjusted analysis. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric morbidity is common in medical students but few seek help. Burnout has individual as well as environmental explanations and to avoid it, organisational as well as individual interventions may be needed. Early signs of depressive symptoms in medical students may be important to address. Students should be encouraged to seek help and adequate facilities should be available.},
affiliation = {Department of Clinical

repository: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

repo_name: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

gha_license_id: MIT