text:
= {2004-20124-011},
pmid = {15535781},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ashton-2004-J%20Pers%20Soc%20Psychol_A%20hierarchical%20analy.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13851},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Abeel:2010p5061,
author = {Thomas Abeel and Thibault Helleputte and Yves Van de Peer and Pierre Dupont and Yvan Saeys},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {Robust biomarker identification for cancer diagnosis with ensemble feature selection methods},
abstract = {MOTIVATION: Biomarker discovery is an important topic in biomedical applications of computational biology, including applications such as gene and SNP selection from high-dimensional data. Surprisingly, the stability with respect to sampling variation or robustness of such selection processes has received attention only recently. However, robustness of biomarkers is an important issue, as it may greatly influence subsequent biological validations. In addition, a more robust set of markers may strengthen the confidence of an expert in the results of a selection method. RESULTS: Our first contribution is a general framework for the analysis of the robustness of a biomarker selection algorithm. Secondly, we conducted a large-scale analysis of the recently introduced concept of ensemble feature selection, where multiple feature selections are combined in order to increase the robustness of the final set of selected features. We focus on selection methods that are embedded in the estimation of support vector machines (SVMs). SVMs are powerful classification models that have shown state-of-the-art performance on several diagnosis and prognosis tasks on biological data. Their feature selection extensions also offered good results for gene selection tasks. We show that the robustness of SVMs for biomarker discovery can be substantially increased by using ensemble feature selection techniques, while at the same time improving upon classification performances. The proposed methodology is evaluated on four microarray datasets showing increases of up to almost 30% in robustness of the selected biomarkers, along with an improvement of approximately 15% in classification performance. The stability improvement with ensemble methods is particularly noticeable for small signature sizes (a few tens of genes), which is most relevant for the design of a diagnosis or prognosis model from a gene signature. CONTACT: yvan.saeys@psb.ugent.be SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.},
affiliation = {Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, Gent, Department of Computing Science and Engineering INGI and Machine Learning Group, Universit{\'e} catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.},
number = {3},
pages = {392--8},
volume = {26},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-02-05 20:05:44 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-05 20:05:44 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btp630},
pii = {btp630},
pmid = {19942583},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Abeel-2010-Bioinformatics_Robust%20biomarker%20ide.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5061},
rating = {0}
}

@article{McArdle:2005p4940,
author = {John J McArdle and Carol A Prescott},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {Mixed-effects variance components models for biometric family analyses},
abstract = {Recent substantive research on biometric analyses of twin and family data has used both a biometric path analysis model (PAM) and a biometric variance components model (VCM). Methodological research on these same topics have suggested benefits of using linear structural equation model algorithms (SEMA) as well as mixed effect multilevel algorithms (MEMA). To better understand the potential similarities and differences among these approaches we first highlight the algebraic equivalence between the standard biometric PAM and the corresponding biometric VCM models for family data. Second, we demonstrate how several SEMA programs based on either the PAM or VCM approach produce equivalent estimates for all phenotypic and biometric parameters. Third, we show how the biometric VCM approach (but not the PAM approach) can be easily programmed using current MEMA programs (e.g., SAS PROC MIXED). We then expand the scope of these different approaches to include measured covariates, observed variable interactions and multiple relatives within each family. MEMA software is compared to SEMA software for programming complex models, including the flexibility of data input, treatment of missing data, inclusion of covariates, and ease of accommodating varying numbers of observations (per family or individual).},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.},
number = {5},
pages = {631--52},
volume = {35},
year = {2005},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Pedigree, Multivariate Analysis, Biometry, Algorithms, Linear Models, Twins, Family Health, Models: Genetic, Software, Models: Statistical, Twin Studies as Topic, Genetic Variation},
date-added = {2010-02-03 20:58:47 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-005-2868-1},
pmid = {16184490},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4940},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Norquist:2003,
author = {Josephine M Norquist and Ray Fitzpatrick and Crispin Jenkinson},
journal = {Journal of Applied Measurement},
title = {Rasch measurement in the assessment of amytrophic lateral sclerosis patients},
number = {3},
pages = {249--257},
volume = {4},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Norquist-2003-Journal%20of%20Applied%20Measurement_Rasch%20measurement%20in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1959},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Browne:2010p6658,
author = {John Patrick Browne and Jan H van der Meulen and James D Lewsey and Donna L Lamping and Nick Black},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Mathematical coupling may account for the association between baseline severity and minimally important difference values},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To generate anchor-based values for the "minimally important difference" (MID) for a number of commonly used patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and to examine whether these values could be applied across the continuum of preoperative patient severity. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Six prospective cohort studies of patients undergoing elective surgery at hospitals in England and Wales. Patients completed questionnaires about their health and health-related quality of life before and after surgery. MID values were calculated using the mean change score for a reference group of patients who reported they were "a little better" after surgery minus the mean change score for those who said they were "about the same." Pearson's correlation was used to examine the association between baseline severity and change scores in the reference group. Baseline severity was expressed in two ways: first in terms of preoperative scores and second in terms of the average of pre- and postoperative scores (Oldham's method). RESULTS: Of the 10 PRO measures examined, eight demonstrated a moderate or high positive association between preoperative scores and MID values. Only two measures demonstrated such an association when Oldham's measure of baseline severity was used. CONCLUSION: In general, there is little association between baseline severity and MID values. However, a moderate association persists for some measures, and it is recommended that researchers continue to test for this relationship when generating anchor-based MID values from change scores.},
affiliation = {Health Services Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-03 20:40:56 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-03 20:40:56 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.004},
pii = {S0895-4356(09)00349-7},
pmid = {20172689},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Browne-2010-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Mathematical%20couplin-1.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6658},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dominicus:2003p5215,
author = {A Dominicus},
title = {Latent variable models for longitudinal
twin data with dropout and death},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-02-08 19:27:08 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-08 19:27:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dominicus-2003-_Latent%20variable%20mode.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5215},
rating = {0}
}

@article{ALMarshadi:2010p14042,
author = {A H AL-Marshadi},
journal = {Journal of Applied Sciences Research},
title = {Comprison of Model Selection Critaria for Multivariate Regression Model with Mixed Model},
abstract = {This article considers the analysis of multivariate regression experiment that is used frequently in variety of applications research. We used simulation study to compare five model selection criteria in terms of their ability to identify the right multivariate regression model that has the right covariance structure and in the same time the right multivariate model structure. The comparison of the five model selection criteria was in terms of their percentage of number of times that they identify the right model. The simulation results indicate that overall, the percentages of identifying the right multivariate regression model from both standard and non-standard multivariate model structures were low except for specific models that involve the indicator variable. In the same time the five criterions showed similar performance where CAIC and BIC have the best performance in the case of succeed in selecting the right multivariate regression model that has the right covariance structure and in the same time the right multivariate model structure.},
number = {2},
pages = {107--120},
volume = {6},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-08-10 12:38:14 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-10 12:39:02 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/AL-Marshadi-2010-Journal%20of%20Applied%20Sciences%20Research_Comprison%20of%20Model%20S.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14042},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fenner:2008p422,
author = {Lukas Fenner and Matthias Egger},
journal = {Int J Epidemiol},
title = {Preventing HIV in resource-limited settings: evidence for action, from cross-sectional surveys},
number = {6},
pages = {1201--3},
volume = {37},
year = {2008},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, World Health, Humans, Educational Status, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Female, HIV-1, Young Adult, Adult, Risk Factors, HIV Infections},
date-added = {2010-01-03 12:19:43 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 12:19:43 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/ije/dyn264},
pii = {dyn264},
pmid = {19047079},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fenner-2008-Int%20J%20Epidemiol_Preventing%20HIV%20in%20re.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p422},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Goldbeck:2006p8461,
author = {Lutz Goldbeck},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {The impact of newly diagnosed chronic paediatric conditions on parental quality of life},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Parental functioning and well-being are important aspects of a family's adaptation to chronic paediatric conditions. This study investigates the effects of diagnosis (cancer vs. diabetes/epilepsy) and time since diagnosis on parental quality of life (PQL). METHODS: 122 parents (66 mothers, 56 fathers), whose children were diagnosed and treated for one chronic disease, filled in the Ulm Quality of Life Inventory for Parents twice within the first three months after the initial diagnosis. The effects of diagnosis and time (1-2 weeks and 2-3 months after diagnosis) on PQL were analysed separately for mothers and fathers. RESULTS: Parents of a child with cancer consistently reported lower PQL compared with parents of a child with diabetes/epilepsy. Only the fathers' well-being increased significantly within the first three months after the child was diagnosed for a chronic disease. However, in most of the PQL domains there was a persistent impairment within the time-frame of this study. Parents of children with a chronic disease were more satisfied with their family situation than healthy controls. Age of the child was positively correlated with PQL. CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of cancer, especially in young children, has a strong negative effect on PQL. Measuring PQL in a preventive approach would help to identify vulnerable parents and to provide psychosocial support in time.},
affiliation = {Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Clinic Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 5, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. lutz.goldbeck@uniklinik-ulm.de},
number = {7},
pages = {1121--31},
volume = {15},
year = {2006},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Neoplasms, Parents, Quality of Life, Adaptation: Psychological, Female, Child: Preschool, Germany, Male, Pediatrics, Child, Child Welfare, Questionnaires, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-21 17:59:35 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-006-0068-y},
pmid = {16972156},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8461},
rating = {0}
}

@article{AndriesvanderArk:2007p1556,
author = {L Andries van der Ark and M A Croon and K Sijstma},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Mokken scale analysis for dichotomous items using marginal models},
abstract = {Scalability coefficients play an important role in Mokken scale analysis. For a set of items, scalability coefficients have been defined for each pair of items, for each individual item, and for the entire scale. Hypothesis testing with respect to these scalability coefficients has not been fully developed. This study introduces marginal modelling as a framework to derive the standard errors for the scaling coefficients and test hypotheses about these coefficients. Several examples demonstrate the possibilities of marginal modelling in Mokken scale analysis. These possibilities include testing whether Mokken's criteria for a scale are satisfied, testing whether scalability coefficients of different items are equal, and testing whether scalability coefficients are equal across different groups.},
year = {2007},
keywords = {test construction, Mokken scale analysis, marginal models, scalability coefficients},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:41:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:42:55 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/S11336-007-9034-Z},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Andries%20van%20der%20Ark-2007-Psychometrika_Mokken%20scale%20analysi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1556},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Tusher:2001p3539,
author = {V G Tusher and R Tibshirani and G Chu},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
title = {Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response},
abstract = {Microarrays can measure the expression of thousands of genes to identify changes in expression between different biological states. Methods are needed to determine the significance of these changes while accounting for the enormous number of genes. We describe a method, Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), that assigns a score to each gene on the basis of change in gene expression relative to the standard deviation of repeated measurements. For genes with scores greater than an adjustable threshold, SAM uses permutations of the repeated measurements to estimate the percentage of genes identified by chance, the false discovery rate (FDR). When the transcriptional response of human cells to ionizing radiation was measured by microarrays, SAM identified 34 genes that changed at least 1.5-fold with an estimated FDR of 12%, compared with FDRs of 60 and 84% by using conventional methods of analysis. Of the 34 genes, 19 were involved in cell cycle regulation and 3 in apoptosis. Surprisingly, four nucleotide excision repair genes were induced, suggesting that this repair pathway for UV-damaged DNA might play a previously unrecognized role in repairing DNA damaged by ionizing radiation.},
affiliation = {Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, Center for Clinical Sciences Research 1115, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, USA.},
number = {9},
pages = {5116--21},
volume = {98},
year = {2001},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Cell Cycle, DNA Repair, Gene Expression Regulation, Apoptosis, Statistics as Topic, RNA: Messenger, Reproducibility of Results, Down-Regulation, Up-Regulation, Radiation: Ionizing, Humans, Tumor Cells: Cultured, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, DNA Damage, Gene Expression Profiling},
date-added = {2010-01-15 20:54:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 20:54:34 +0100},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.091062498},
pii = {091062498},
pmid = {11309499},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Tusher-2001-Proc%20Natl%20Acad%20Sci%20USA_Significance%20analysi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3539},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Zhao:2006p3187,
author = {Jing Hua Zhao and Qihua Tan},
journal = {Hum Genomics},
title = {Integrated analysis of genetic data with R},
abstract = {Genetic data are now widely available. There is, however, an apparent lack of concerted effort to produce software systems for statistical analysis of genetic data compared with other fields of statistics. It is often a tremendous task for end-users to tailor them for particular data, especially when genetic data are analysed in conjunction with a large number of covariates. Here, R (http://www.r-project.org), a free, flexible and platform-independent environment for statistical modelling and graphics is explored as an integrated system for genetic data analysis. An overview of some packages currently available for analysis of genetic data is given. This is followed by examples of package development and practical applications. With clear advantages in data management, graphics, statistical analysis, programming, internet capability and use of available codes, it is a feasible, although challenging, task to develop it into an integrated platform for genetic analysis; this will require the joint efforts of many researchers.},
affiliation = {Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK. jhz22@medschl.cam.ac.uk},
number = {4},
pages = {258--65},
volume = {2},
year = {2006},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Genetic Techniques, Software, Algorithms, Genetics: Medical},
date-added = {2010-01-14 20:46:44 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-14 20:46:44 +0100},
pmid = {16460651},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3187},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Valet:2008p7505,
author = {Fabien Valet and Christiane Guinot and Khaled Ezzedine and Jean-Yves Mary},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Quality assessment of ordinal scale reproducibility: log-linear models provided useful information on scale structure},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In health research, ordinal scales are extensively used. Reproducibility of ratings using these scales is important to assess their quality. This study aimed to compare two methods analyzing reproducibility: weighted Kappa statistic and log-linear models. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Contributions of each method to the reproducibility assessment of ratings using ordinal scales were compared using intra- and interobserver data chosen in three different fields: Crow's feet scale in dermatology, dysplasia scale in oncology, updated Sydney scale in gastroenterology. RESULTS: Both methods provided an agreement level. In addition, log-linear models allowed evaluation of the structure of agreement. For the Crow's feet scale, both methods gave equivalent high agreement levels. For the dysplasia scale, log-linear models highlighted scale defects and Kappa statistic showed a moderate agreement. For the updated Sydney scale, log-linear models underlined a null distinguishability between two adjacent categories, whereas Kappa statistic gave a high global agreement level. CONCLUSION: Methods that can investigate level and structure of agreement between ordinal ratings are valuable tools, since they may highlight heterogeneities within the scales structure and suggest modifications to improve their reproducibility.},
affiliation = {Inserm U717, D{\'e}partement de Biostatistique et Informatique M{\'e}dicale, Saint-Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, University Paris 7, France. fabien.valet@paris7.jussieu.fr},
number = {10},
pages = {983--90},
volume = {61},
year = {2008},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adenoma, Linear Models, Helicobacter Infections, Reproducibility of Results, Female, Observer Variation, Humans, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Biopsy, Skin Aging, Colorectal Neoplasms, Helicobacter pylori},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:47:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:47:25 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.004},
pii = {S0895-4356(07)00420-9},
pmid = {18502608},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Valet-2008-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Quality%20assessment%20o.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7505},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Voelkle:2007,
author = {M C Voelkle and P L Ackerman and W W Wittmann},
journal = {Methodology},
title = {Effect sizes and F ratios < 1.0},
abstract = {Standard statistics texts indicate that the expected value of the F ratio is 1.0 (more precisely: N/(N-2)) in a completely balanced fixed-effects ANOVA, when the null hypothesis is true. Even though some authors suggest that the null hypothesis is rarely true in practice (e.g., Meehl, 1990), F ratios < 1.0 are reported quite frequently in the literature. However, standard effect size statistics (e.g., Cohen's f) often yield positive values when F < 1.0, which appears to create confusion about the meaningfulness of effect size statistics when the null hypothesis may be true. Given the repeated emphasis on reporting effect sizes, it is shown that in the face of F < 1.0 it is misleading to only report sample effect size estimates as often recommended. Causes of F ratios < 1.0 are reviewed, illustrated by a short simulation study. The calculation and interpretation of corrected and uncorrected effect size statistics under these conditions are discussed. Computing adjusted measures of association strength and incorporating effect size confidence intervals are helpful in an effort to reduce confusion surrounding results when sample sizes are small. Detailed recommendations are directed to authors, journal editors, and reviewers.},
pages = {35--46},
volume = {3},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:21 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:04:05 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2207},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vivilaki:2009p7857,
author = {Victoria G Vivilaki and Vassilis Dafermos and Manolis Kogevinas and Panos Bitsios and Christos Lionis},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
title = {The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: translation and validation for a Greek sample},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an important screening instrument that is used routinely with mothers during the postpartum period for early identification of postnatal depression. The purpose of this study was to validate the Greek version of EPDS along with sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. METHODS: 120 mothers within 12 weeks postpartum were recruited from the perinatal care registers of the Maternity Departments of 4 Hospitals of Heraklion municipality, Greece. EPDS and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) surveys were administered in random order to the mothers. Each mother was diagnosed with depression according to the validated Greek version of BDI-II. The psychometric measurements that were performed included: two independent samples t-tests, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), reliability coefficients, Explanatory factor analysis using a Varimax rotation and Principal Components Method. Confirmatory analysis -known as structural equation modelling- of principal components was conducted by LISREL (Linear Structural Relations). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out to evaluate the global functioning of the scale. RESULTS: 8 (6.7%) of the mothers were diagnosed with major postnatal depression, 14 (11.7%) with moderate and 38 (31.7%) with mild depression on the basis of BDI-II scores. The internal consistency of the EPDS Greek version -using Chronbach's alpha coefficient- was found 0.804 and that of Guttman split-half coefficient 0.742. Our findings confirm the multidimensionality of EPDS, demonstrating a two-factor structure which contained subscales reflecting depressive symptoms and anxiety. The Confirmatory Factor analysis demonstrated that the two factor model offered a very good fit to our data. The area under ROC curve AUC was found 0.7470 and the logistic estimate for the threshold score of 8/9 fitted the model sensitivity at 76.7% and model specificity at 68.3%. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm the validity of the Greek version of the EPDS in identifying postnatal depression. The Greek EPDS scale could be used as a useful instrument in both clinical practice and research.},
affiliation = {Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. v_vivilaki@yahoo.co.uk},
pages = {329},
volume = {9},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Pilot Projects, Sensitivity and Specificity, Psychometrics, Analysis of Variance, Greece, Depression: Postpartum, Female},
date-added = {2010-03-18 21:07:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-18 21:07:23 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-9-329},
pii = {1471-2458-9-329},
pmid = {19740443},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vivilaki-2009-BMC%20Public%20Health_The%20Edinburgh%20Postna.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7857},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Arnau:2001p14000,
author = {R C Arnau and M W Meagher and M P Norris and R Bramson},
journal = {Health Psychol},
title = {Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with primary care medical patients},
abstract = {This study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, {\&} G. K. Brown, 1996) in a primary care medical setting. A principal-components analysis with Promax rotation indicated the presence of 2 correlated factors, Somatic-Affective and Cognitive, which explained 53.5% of the variance. A hierarchical, second-order analysis indicated that all items tap into a second-order construct of depression. Evidence for convergent validity was provided by predicted relationships with subscales from the Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-20; A. L. Stewart, R. D. Hayes, {\&} J. E. Ware, 1988). A receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated criterion-related validity: BDI-II scores predicted a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), as determined by the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). This study demonstrated that the BDI-II yields reliable, internally consistent, and valid scores in a primary care medical setting, suggesting that use of the BDI-II in this setting may improve detection and treatment of depression in these medical patients.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, Texas A{\&}M University, College Station 77843-4235, USA.},
number = {2},
pages = {112--9},
volume = {20},
year = {2001},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Sensitivity and Specificity, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Mass Screening, Male, Primary Health Care},
date-added = {2010-08-04 09:27:40 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-04 09:27:40 +0200},
pmid = {11315728},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Arnau-2001-Health%20Psychol_Psychometric%20evaluat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14000},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Chiang:2009p8927,
author = {Ming-Chang Chiang and Marina Barysheva and David W Shattuck and Agatha D Lee and Sarah K Madsen and Christina Avedissian and Andrea D Klunder and Arthur W Toga and Katie L McMahon and Greig I de Zubicaray and Margaret J Wright and Anuj Srivastava and Nikolay Balov and Paul M Thompson},
journal = {J Neurosci},
title = {Genetics of brain fiber architecture and intellectual performance},
abstract = {The study is the first to analyze genetic and environmental factors that affect brain fiber architecture and its genetic linkage with cognitive function. We assessed white matter integrity voxelwise using diffusion tensor imaging at high magnetic field (4 Tesla), in 92 identical and fraternal twins. White matter integrity, quantified using fractional anisotropy (FA), was used to fit structural equation models (SEM) at each point in the brain, generating three-dimensional maps of heritability. We visualized the anatomical profile of correlations between white matter integrity and full-scale, verbal, and performance intelligence quotients (FIQ, VIQ, and PIQ). White matter integrity (FA) was under strong genetic control and was highly heritable in bilateral frontal (a(2)=0.55, p=0.04, left; a(2)=0.74, p=0.006, right), bilateral parietal (a(2)=0.85, p<0.001, left; a(2)=0.84, p<0.001, right), and left occipital (a(2)=0.76, p=0.003) lobes, and was correlated with FIQ and PIQ in the cingulum, optic radiations, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, internal capsule, callosal isthmus, and the corona radiata (p=0.04 for FIQ and p=0.01 for PIQ, corrected for multiple comparisons). In a cross-trait mapping approach, common genetic factors mediated the correlation between IQ and white matter integrity, suggesting a common physiological mechanism for both, and common genetic determination. These genetic brain maps reveal heritable aspects of white matter integrity and should expedite the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting fiber connectivity and cognition.},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-7334, USA.},
number = {7},
pages = {2212--24},
volume = {29},
year = {2009},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Intelligence, Inheritance Patterns, Nerve Fibers: Myelinated, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult, Adult, Neural Pathways, Quantitative Trait: Heritable, Male, Phenotype, Nerve Net, Cognition, Female, Brain, Intelligence Tests, Brain Mapping, Gene Expression Regulation: Developmental, Humans, Environment},
date-added = {2010-03-22 13:03:38 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:52:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4184-08.2009},
pii = {29/7/2212},
pmid = {19228974},
URL = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/29/7/2212},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Chiang-2009-J%20Neurosci_Genetics%20of%20brain%20fi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8927},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Bates:1998,
author = {Douglas M Bates and Jos{\'e} C Pinheiro},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Computational methods for multilevel modelling},
year = {1998},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:37:35 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:40:14 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bates-1998-Miscellaneous_Computational%20method.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1111},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brun:2009p9824,
author = {Caroline C Brun and Natasha Lepor{\'e} and Xavier Pennec and Agatha D Lee and Marina Barysheva and Sarah K Madsen and Christina Avedissian and Yi-Yu Chou and Greig I de Zubicaray and Katie L McMahon and Margaret J Wright and Arthur W Toga and Paul M Thompson},
journal = {Neuroimage},
title = {Mapping the regional influence of genetics on brain structure variability--a tensor-based morphometry study},
abstract = {Genetic and environmental factors influence brain structure and function profoundly. The search for heritable anatomical features and their influencing genes would be accelerated with detailed 3D maps showing the degree to which brain morphometry is genetically determined. As part of an MRI study that will scan 1150 twins, we applied Tensor-Based Morphometry to compute morphometric differences in 23 pairs of identical twins and 23 pairs of same-sex fraternal twins (mean age: 23.8+/-1.8 SD years). All 92 twins' 3D brain MRI scans were nonlinearly registered to a common space using a Riemannian fluid-based warping approach to compute volumetric differences across subjects. A multi-template method was used to improve volume quantification. Vector fields driving each subject's anatomy onto the common template were analyzed to create maps of local volumetric excesses and deficits relative to the standard template. Using a new structural equation modeling method, we computed the voxelwise proportion of variance in volumes attributable to additive (A) or dominant (D) genetic factors versus shared environmental (C) or unique environmental factors (E). The method was also applied to various anatomical regions of interest (ROIs). As hypothesized, the overall volumes of the brain, basal ganglia, thalamus, and each lobe were under strong genetic control; local white matter volumes were mostly controlled by common environment. After adjusting for individual differences in overall brain scale, genetic influences were still relatively high in the corpus callosum and in early-maturing brain regions such as the occipital lobes, while environmental influences were greater in frontal brain regions that have a more protracted maturational time-course.},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, 635 Charles Young Drive South Suite 225, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7334, USA.},
number = {1},
pages = {37--49},
volume = {48},
year = {2009},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Sequence Analysis: DNA, Brain, Twins: Monozygotic, Female, Twins: Dizygotic, Phenotype, Humans, Male, Environment, Models: Neurological, Young Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Adult, Image Processing: Computer-Assisted, Organ Size},
date-added = {2010-03-26 19:22:47 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-26 19:22:47 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.022},
pii = {S1053-8119(09)00494-7},
pmid = {19446645},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9824},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Rudner:2001,
author = {Lawrence M Rudner},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Measurement Decision Theory},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rudner-2001-Miscellaneous_Measurement%20Decision.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2128},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vinkhuyzen:2009p7217,
author = {Anna A E Vinkhuyzen and Sophie van der Sluis and Danielle Posthuma and Dorret I Boomsma},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {The heritability of aptitude and exceptional talent across different domains in adolescents and young adults},
abstract = {The origin of individual differences in aptitude, defined as a domain-specific skill within the normal ability range, and talent, defined as a domain specific skill of exceptional quality, is under debate. The nature of the variation in aptitudes and exceptional talents across different domains was investigated in a population based twin sample. Self-report data from 1,685 twin pairs (12-24 years) were analyzed for Music, Arts, Writing, Language, Chess, Mathematics, Sports, Memory, and Knowledge. The influence of shared environment was small for both aptitude and talent. Additive and non-additive genetic effects explained the major part of the substantial familial clustering in the aptitude measures with heritability estimates ranging between .32 and .71. Heritability estimates for talents were higher and ranged between .50 and .92. In general, the genetic architecture for aptitude and talent was similar in men and women. Genetic factors contribute to a large extent to variation in aptitude and talent across different domains of intellectual, creative, and sports abilities.},
affiliation = {Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. aae.vinkhuyzen@psy.vu.nl},
number = {4},
pages = {380--92},
volume = {39},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Humans, Twins: Monozygotic, Adolescent, Epistasis: Genetic, Young Adult, Twins: Dizygotic, Cluster Analysis, Female, Child, Child: Gifted, Aptitude, Social Environment},
date-added = {2010-03-08 19:25:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-009-9260-5},
pmid = {19288254},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vinkhuyzen-2009-Behav%20Genet_The%20heritability%20of.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7217},
rating = {0}
}

@article{deKieviet:2009p8592,
author = {Jorrit F de Kieviet and Jan P Piek and Cornelieke S Aarnoudse-Moens and Jaap Oosterlaan},
journal = {JAMA},
title = {Motor development in very preterm and very low-birth-weight children from birth to adolescence: a meta-analysis},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Infants who are very preterm (born < or = 32 weeks of gestation) and very low birth weight (VLBW) (weighing < or = 1500 g) are at risk for poor developmental outcomes. There is increasing evidence that very preterm birth and VLBW have a considerable effect on motor development, although findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between very preterm birth and VLBW and motor development. DATA SOURCES: The computerized databases EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Knowledge were used to search for English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 1992 and August 2009. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they reported motor scores of very preterm and VLBW children without congenital anomalies using 1 of 3 established and widely used motor tests: the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II), the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). Forty-one articles were identified, encompassing 9653 children. RESULTS: In comparison with term-born peers, very preterm and VLBW children obtained significantly lower scores on all 3 motor tests: BSID-II: d = -0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.96 to -0.80; P < .001), MABC: d = -0.65 (95% CI, -0.70 to -0.60; P < .001), and BOTMP: d = -0.57 (95% CI, -0.68 to -0.46; P < .001). Whereas motor outcomes on the BSID-II show a catch-up effect in the first years of development (r = 0.50, P = .01), the results on the MABC demonstrate a nonsignificantly greater deficit with increasing age during elementary school and early adolescence (r = -0.59, P = .07). CONCLUSION: Being born preterm or VLBW is associated with significant motor impairment persisting throughout childhood.},
affiliation = {Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. jf.de.kieviet@psy.vu.nl},
number = {20},
pages = {2235--42},
volume = {302},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child, Infant: Premature, Male, Child Development, Confidence Intervals, Female, Adolescent, Gestational Age, Child: Preschool, Motor Skills, Infant, Birth Weight, Humans, Infant: Newborn, Infant: Very Low Birth Weight},
date-added = {2010-03-22 00:13:05 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-22 00:13:05 +0100},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2009.1708},
pii = {302/20/2235},
pmid = {19934425},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8592},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Papadimitriou:1997,
author = {Christos H Papadimitriou and Prabhakar Raghavan and Hisao Tamaki},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Latent semantic indexing: A probabilistic analysis},
year = {1997},
month = {Nov},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Papadimitriou-1997-Miscellaneous_Latent%20semantic%20inde.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1996},
rating = {0}
}

@inbook{Grice:1975,
author = {HP Grice},
journal = {Book},
title = {Synatx and semantics: Vol. 3. Speech acts},
chapter = {Logic and conversation},
year = {1975},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p945},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Thompson:2001p9807,
author = {P M Thompson and T D Cannon and K L Narr and T van Erp and V P Poutanen and M Huttunen and J L{\"o}nnqvist and C G Standertskj{\"o}ld-Nordenstam and J Kaprio and M Khaledy and R Dail and C I Zoumalan and A W Toga},
journal = {Nat Neurosci},
title = {Genetic influences on brain structure},
abstract = {Here we report on detailed three-dimensional maps revealing how brain structure is influenced by individual genetic differences. A genetic continuum was detected in which brain structure was increasingly similar in subjects with increasing genetic affinity. Genetic factors significantly influenced cortical structure in Broca's and Wernicke's language areas, as well as frontal brain regions (r2(MZ) > 0.8, p < 0.05). Preliminary correlations were performed suggesting that frontal gray matter differences may be linked to Spearman's g, which measures successful test performance across multiple cognitive domains (p < 0.05). These genetic brain maps reveal how genes determine individual differences, and may shed light on the heritability of cognitive and linguistic skills, as well as genetic liability for diseases that affect the human cortex.},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Neuro Imaging and Brain Mapping Division, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1769, USA. thompson@loni.ucla.edu},
number = {12},
pages = {1253--8},
volume = {4},
year = {2001},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Verbal Behavior, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Twins: Monozygotic, Twin Studies as Topic, Cognition, Functional Laterality, Humans, Adult, Body Patterning, Female, Twins: Dizygotic, Brain Mapping, Image Processing: Computer-Assisted, Intelligence, Cerebral Cortex, Language, Male, Twins, Energy Metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation: Developmental},
date-added = {2010-03-26 19:21:08 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:40:51 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/nn758},
pii = {nn758},
pmid = {11694885},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Thompson-2001-Nat%20Neurosci_Genetic%20influences%20o.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9807},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Saucier:2002p13849,
author = {G Saucier and L R Goldberg},
title = {Assessing the Big Five: Applications of 10 psychometric criteria to the development of marker scales},
year = {2002},
date-added = {2010-07-29 17:40:28 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 17:41:18 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Saucier-2002-_Assessing%20the%20Big%20Fi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13849},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Baron:1986p1663,
author = {R M Baron and D A Kenny},
journal = {J Pers Soc Psychol},
title = {The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations},
abstract = {In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.},
number = {6},
pages = {1173--82},
volume = {51},
year = {1986},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Research, Psychology: Social, Models: Psychological, Personality, Statistics as Topic, Humans, Attitude, Behavior},
date-added = {2010-01-08 21:58:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-08 21:58:30 +0100},
pmid = {3806354},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Baron-1986-J%20Pers%20Soc%20Psychol_The%20moderator-mediat.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1663},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Begg:1996,
author = {C Begg and M Cho and S et al Eastwood},
journal = {JAMA},
title = {Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials: the CONSORT statement},
pages = {637--639},
volume = {276},
year = {1996},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:00:58 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1079},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Li:2009p7763,
author = {X Li and Z Meng and Z Huang},
title = {Intervals for heritability in nested designs},
abstract = {In animal breeding, a more efficient design is the nested design. The purpose of the paper is to consider interval estimation for heritability in nested designs. We propose a novel approach for the interval estimation using the concepts of fiducial inference. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the coverage probabilities of the resulted intervals to the Modified Large Sample (MLS) intervals by Burdick and Graybill. Relative to the MLS approach, the fiducial approach is closer to the nominal coverage for a two-sided interval. The fact shows that the fiducial approach is a suitable candidate for making inference on heritability.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-03-17 20:57:45 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-17 20:58:30 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Li-2009-_Intervals%20for%20herita.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7763},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kooperberg:2005p481,
author = {Charles Kooperberg and Ingo Ruczinski},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Identifying interacting SNPs using Monte Carlo logic regression},
abstract = {Interactions are frequently at the center of interest in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association studies. When interacting SNPs are in the same gene or in genes that are close in sequence, such interactions may suggest which haplotypes are associated with a disease. Interactions between unrelated SNPs may suggest genetic pathways. Unfortunately, data sets are often still too small to definitively determine whether interactions between SNPs occur. Also, competing sets of interactions could often be of equal interest. Here we propose Monte Carlo logic regression, an exploratory tool that combines Markov chain Monte Carlo and logic regression, an adaptive regression methodology that attempts to construct predictors as Boolean combinations of binary covariates such as SNPs. The goal of Monte Carlo logic regression is to generate a collection of (interactions of) SNPs that may be associated with a disease outcome, and that warrant further investigation. As such, the models that are fitted in the Markov chain are not combined into a single model, as is often done in Bayesian model averaging procedures. Instead, the most frequently occurring patterns in these models are tabulated. The method is applied to a study of heart disease with 779 participants and 89 SNPs. A simulation study is carried out to investigate the performance of the Monte Carlo logic regression approach.},
affiliation = {Division of Public Health Services, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA. clk@fhcrc.org},
number = {2},
pages = {157--70},
volume = {28},
year = {2005},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Monte Carlo Method, Haplotypes, Models: Genetic, Heart Diseases, Logistic Models, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide},
date-added = {2010-01-03 12:31:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 12:31:23 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20042},
pmid = {15532037},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p481},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Wermuth:2000,
author = {N Wermuth},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {Analysing social science data with graphical Markov models},
year = {2000},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wermuth-2000-Miscellaneous_Analysing%20social%20sci.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2119},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kopp:2009p5114,
author = {Svenny Kopp and Eva Beckung and Christopher Gillberg},
journal = {Res Dev Disabil},
title = {Developmental coordination disorder and other motor control problems in girls with autism spectrum disorder and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder},
abstract = {Examine the rate, predictors, and effect on daily life skills of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and other motor control difficulties in school age girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in preschool age girls with ASD referred to a neuropsychiatric clinic, and in a community sample of school age girls. The girls (131 in total) were examined with standardised test of motor function and parent interviews and questionnaires. The school girls were compared with 57 age-and IQ-matched girls from the community. DCD was diagnosed in 25% of clinic school girls with ASD, in 32% of those with ADHD, and in 80% of the clinic preschool girls with ASD. Parents reported more motor problems in the school age clinic group. Agreement between a brief motor screening test and a full comprehensive motor examination was moderate to good in the clinic group. Young age, autistic symptomatology, and low performance IQ predicted more motor coordination problems. Motor coordination problems were related to lower ability in daily life skills even when the effect of PIQ was controlled for. A large minority of school girls with ASD and/or ADHD, and a majority of preschool girls with ASD meet full diagnostic criteria for DCD. Their motor problems contribute to reduced activity in daily life even when the effects of IQ have been partialled out.},
affiliation = {G{\"o}teborg University, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sweden.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-02-05 20:17:33 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-05 20:17:33 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2009.09.017},
pii = {S0891-4222(09)00161-9},
pmid = {19910158},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5114},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cumming:2005p7075,
author = {Geoff Cumming},
journal = {Psychol Sci},
title = {Understanding the average probability of replication: comment on Killeen (2005)},
affiliation = {La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. g.cumming@latrobe.edu.au},
number = {12},
pages = {1002--4},
volume = {16},
year = {2005},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Cognition, Child, Probability, Verbal Learning, Verbal Behavior},
date-added = {2010-03-06 20:28:49 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:46:15 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01650.x},
pii = {PSCI1650},
pmid = {16313666},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cumming-2005-Psychol%20Sci_Understanding%20the%20av.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7075},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lee:2005p1721,
author = {S H Lee and R Terry},
journal = {SUGI 30 Proceedings},
title = {IRT-FIT: SAS{\textregistered} Macros for Fitting Item Response Theory (IRT) Models},
abstract = {Psychometrics has recently seen the development of complex measurement models to better represent test and item data. Item Response Theory (IRT), in particular, comprises a set of non-linear latent variable models that appear to have several conceptual and empirical properties that make them more valuable in practice than classical test theory methods. However, IRT-based models typically require the availability of costly and computationally- intensive software for estimating parameters and assessing model fit. In this paper, we present a set of SAS Macros called IRT-FIT, which use SAS /IML{\textregistered} and SAS/GRAPH{\textregistered} to estimate, fit, and graph two- and three-parameter IRT models to binary test data. The macros currently developed use Bock and Aitkin's (1981) Marginal Maximum Likelihood (MML) estimation algorithm for fitting models and estimating parameters as the basis for the computations. Additionally, we have extended the MML routines by implementing Bayesian Estimation concepts as suggested in Mislevy (1986). All computational routines are written in SAS/IML, and output data sets are produced containing the parameter estimates along with their associated standard errors and overall model fit statistics. Optionally, SAS/GRAPH plots are available of the estimated Item Characteristic Curves (ICC's), the item and test information curves, as well as the standard error curve for estimated latent trait scores. Finally, if the test data come from a rating experiment and a cut-point along the latent variable can be determined, ROC curves using IRT-based estimates of Signal-Detection-Theory concepts are plotted to visually represent rater performance.},
pages = {204--30},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-09 20:29:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-09 20:30:39 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lee-2005-SUGI%2030%20Proceedings_IRT-FIT%20SAS%C2%AE%20Macros.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1721},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Yang:2009p10894,
author = {Frances M Yang and Doug Tommet and Richard N Jones},
journal = {J Psychiatr Res},
title = {Disparities in self-reported geriatric depressive symptoms due to sociodemographic differences: an extension of the bi-factor item response theory model for use in differential item functioning},
abstract = {This study evaluates the measurement noninvariance, or differential item functioning (DIF), in the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) items attributable to age, sex, and race/ethnicity among community-dwelling older adults. Participants (N=2773) were from the New Haven site of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies in the Elderly. Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analysis, bi-factor confirmatory factor analysis, and a bi-factor multiple indicator and multiple causes (MIMIC) model to address measurement noninvariance. Blacks, compared with whites, were more likely to endorse items loading on the interpersonal factor, which include "people dislike me" and "people are unfriendly." Women were less likely to endorse the interpersonal items and the "I felt like a failure" item (odds ratio [OR]=0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 0.94) than men. But women had a higher proportional odds than men for endorsing the "crying" item (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.96). Those 75 years and older (relative to those aged 65-74) were less likely to endorse the "I felt like a failure" item (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.97). However, measurement noninvariance found in both the "crying" and "failure" items were attributable to women and to those aged 75 and older were trivial after controlling for the underlying level of depressive symptomatology. Therefore, the interpersonal items showed measurement noninvariance attributable to sex and race. The bi-factor MIMIC model is useful for examining measurement noninvariance due to sociodemographics in a multidimensional depression instrument.},
affiliation = {Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre St., Boston, MA 02131, United States. francesyang@hrca.harvard.edu},
number = {12},
pages = {1025--35},
volume = {43},
year = {2009},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Age Factors, Healthcare Disparities, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Female, Demography, Self Concept, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Aged: 80 and over, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Aged, Depression, Male, Ethnic Groups, Models: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-04-10 03:36:19 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-10 03:36:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.12.007},
pii = {S0022-3956(08)00272-0},
pmid = {19211113},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Yang-2009-J%20Psychiatr%20Res_Disparities%20in%20self.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10894},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Acton:2002p11665,
author = {G Scott Acton and William Revelle},
journal = {J Pers Assess},
title = {Interpersonal personality measures show circumplex structure based on new psychometric criteria},
abstract = {The importance of the interpersonal circle in organizing the interpersonal domain is complemented by its empirical relations with broader personality taxonomies and with more specific personality variables. Yet circumplex structure in interpersonal measures has often been investigated using the "eyeball test" rather than using circumplex criteria of known effectiveness. Simulations (Acton, 1999) showed the effectiveness of 5 exploratory criteria (3 entirely new) that assess the properties of equal spacing, constant radius, and no preferred rotation. Along with Browne's (1992) criterion, these were applied to the Interpersonal Checklist (ICL; LaForge {\&} Suczek, 1955; N = 763), Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS; Wiggins, 1979; Ns = 716 and 187), Revised IAS (IAS-R; Wiggins, Trapnell, {\&} Phillips, 1988; N = 474), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP-C; Alden, Wiggins, {\&} Pincus, 1990; Ns = 616 and 1,381), and Inventory of Interpersonal Goals (IIG; Horowitz, Dryer, {\&} Krasnoperova, 1997; N = 318). In corroboration of interpersonal theory, all showed circumplex structure.},
affiliation = {Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0984, USA. acton@itsa.ucsf.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {446--71},
volume = {79},
year = {2002},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Psychometrics, Adult, Factor Analysis: Statistical, Female, Personality Tests, Likelihood Functions, Male, Interpersonal Relations, Humans, United States, Models: Psychological},
date-added = {2010-05-14 20:52:53 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-14 20:52:53 +0200},
pmid = {12511015},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Acton-2002-Journal%20of%20Personality%20Assessment_Interpersonal%20person.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11665},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Alfons:2009p14045,
author = {A Alfons and M Templ and P Filzmoser},
title = {simFrame: An object-oriented framework for statistical simulation},
abstract = {Simulation studies are widely used by statisticians to gain insight into the quality of developed methods. Usually some guidelines regarding, e.g., simulation designs, contami- nation, missing data models or evaluation criteria are necessary in order to draw meaning- ful conclusions. The R package simFrame is an object-oriented framework for statistical simulation, which allows researchers to make use of a wide range of simulation designs with a minimal effort of programming. Its object-oriented implementation provides clear interfaces for extensions by the user. Since statistical simulation is an embarrassingly parallel process, simFrame supports parallel computing to increase computational perfor- mance. Furthermore, an appropriate plot method is selected automatically depending on the structure of the simulation results.},
year = {2009},
date-added = {2010-08-10 12:42:33 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-10 12:43:23 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Alfons-2009-_simFrame%20An%20object.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14045},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hsieh:2010p12916,
author = {F Hsieh and E Ferrer and S-C Chen},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {Exploring the dynamics of dyadic interactions via hierarchical segmentation},
abstract = {In this article we present an exploratory tool for extracting systematic patterns from multivariate data. The technique, hierarchical segmentation (HS), can be used to group multivariate time series into segments with similar discrete-state recurrence patterns and it is not restricted by the stationarity assump- tion. We use a simulation study to describe the steps and properties of HS. We then use empirical data on daily affect from one couple to illustrate the use of HS for describing the affective dynamics of the dyad. First, we partition the data into three periods that represent different affective states and show different dynamics between both individuals' affect. We then examine the synchrony between both individuals' affective states and identify different patterns of coherence across the periods. Finally, we discuss the pos- sibilities of using results from HS to construct confirmatory dynamic models with multiple change points or regime-specific dynamics.},
number = {2},
pages = {351--372},
volume = {75},
year = {2010},
date-added = {2010-06-24 17:53:12 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-24 17:54:20 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/S11336-009-9146-8},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hsieh-2010-Psychometrika_Exploring%20the%20dynami.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12916},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Bolshakova:2006p3590,
author = {N Bolshakova and F Azuaje and P Cunningham},
title = {Incorporating biological domain knowledge into cluster validity assessment},
abstract = {Thispaperpresentsanapproachforassessingclustervalidity based on similarity knowledge extracted from the Gene Ontology (GO) and databases annotated to the GO. A knowledge-driven cluster valid- ity assessment system for microarray data was implemented. Different methods were applied to measure similarity between yeast genes prod- ucts based on the GO. This research proposes two methods for calculat- ing cluster validity indices using GO-driven similarity. The first approach processes overall similarity values, which are calculated by taking into account the combined annotations originating from the three GO hierar- chies. The second approach is based on the calculation of GO hierarchy- independent similarity values, which originate from each of these hierar- chies. A traditional node-counting method and an information content technique have been implemented to measure knowledge-based similar- ity between genes products (biological distances). The results contribute to the evaluation of clustering outcomes and the identification of opti- mal cluster partitions, which may represent an effective tool to support biomedical knowledge discovery in gene expression data analysis.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-15 21:16:53 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 21:17:38 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Bolshakova-2006-_Incorporating%20biolog.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3590},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wright:1988,
author = {B D Wright},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {The Efficacy of Unconditional Maximum Likelihood Bias Correction},
number = {3},
pages = {315--318},
volume = {12},
year = {1988},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2216},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Baayen:2008p519,
author = {R H Baayen and DJ Davidson and DM Bates},
journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
title = {Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items},
abstract = {This paper provides an introduction to mixed-effects models for the analysis of repeated mea- surement data with subjects and items as crossed random effects. A worked-out example of how to use recent software for mixed-effects modeling is provided. Simulation studies illustrate the advantages offered by mixed-effects analyses compared to traditional analyses based on quasi-F tests, by-subjects analyses, combined by-subjects and by-items analyses, and random regression. Applications and possibilities across a range of domains of inquiry are discussed.},
affiliation = {University of Alberta, Edmonton, Department of Linguistics, T6G 2E5, Canada},
number = {4},
pages = {390--412},
volume = {59},
year = {2008},
keywords = {Random effect, Cognition, Statistical method, Human, Models, Repeated measurement, Statistical model},
date-added = {2010-01-03 13:19:57 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 13:24:32 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Baayen-2008-Journal%20of%20Memory%20and%20Language_Mixed-effects%20modeli.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p519},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Patel:2009p2379,
author = {Vimla L Patel and Nicole A Yoskowitz and Jose F Arocha and Edward H Shortliffe},
journal = {J Biomed Inform},
title = {Cognitive and learning sciences in biomedical and health instructional design: A review with lessons for biomedical informatics education},
abstract = {Theoretical and methodological advances in the cognitive and learning sciences can greatly inform curriculum and instruction in biomedicine and also educational programs in biomedical informatics. It does so by addressing issues such as the processes related to comprehension of medical information, clinical problem-solving and decision-making, and the role of technology. This paper reviews these theories and methods from the cognitive and learning sciences and their role in addressing current and future needs in designing curricula, largely using illustrative examples drawn from medical education. The lessons of this past work are also applicable, however, to biomedical and health professional curricula in general, and to biomedical informatics training, in particular. We summarize empirical studies conducted over two decades on the role of memory, knowledge organization and reasoning as well as studies of problem-solving and decision-making in medical areas that inform curricular design. The results of this research contribute to the design of more informed curricula based on empirical findings about how people learn and think, and more specifically, how expertise is developed. Similarly, the study of practice can also help to shape theories of human performance, technology-based learning, and scientific and professional collaboration that extend beyond the domain of medicine. Just as biomedical science has revolutionized health care practice, research in the cognitive and learning sciences provides a scientific foundation for education in biomedicine, the health professions, and biomedical informatics.},
affiliation = {Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix in Partnership with Arizona State University, 425 N Fifth Street, ABC1, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2157, USA. vimla@asu.edu},
number = {1},
pages = {176--97},
volume = {42},
year = {2009},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Medical Informatics, Models: Educational, Computational Biology, Curriculum, Cognitive Science, Education: Professional, Teaching, Cognition, Clinical Competence, Learning, Problem-Based Learning, Education: Medical, Humans, Data Collection},
date-added = {2010-01-10 19:31:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 19:31:19 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2008.12.002},
pii = {S1532-0464(08)00150-0},
pmid = {19135173},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Patel-2009-J%20Biomed%20Inform_Cognitive%20and%20learni.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2379},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Strobl:2007p12873,
author = {Carolin Strobl and Anne-Laure Boulesteix and Achim Zeileis and Torsten Hothorn},
journal = {BMC Bioinformatics},
title = {Bias in random forest variable importance measures: illustrations, sources and a solution},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Variable importance measures for random forests have been receiving increased attention as a means of variable selection in many classification tasks in bioinformatics and related scientific fields, for instance to select a subset of genetic markers relevant for the prediction of a certain disease. We show that random forest variable importance measures are a sensible means for variable selection in many applications, but are not reliable in situations where potential predictor variables vary in their scale of measurement or their number of categories. This is particularly important in genomics and computational biology, where predictors often include variables of different types, for example when predictors include both sequence data and continuous variables such as folding energy, or when amino acid sequence data show different numbers of categories. RESULTS: Simulation studies are presented illustrating that, when random forest variable importance measures are used with data of varying types, the results are misleading because suboptimal predictor variables may be artificially preferred in variable selection. The two mechanisms underlying this deficiency are biased variable selection in the individual classification trees used to build the random forest on one hand, and effects induced by bootstrap sampling with replacement on the other hand. CONCLUSION: We propose to employ an alternative implementation of random forests, that provides unbiased variable selection in the individual classification trees. When this method is applied using subsampling without replacement, the resulting variable importance measures can be used reliably for variable selection even in situations where the potential predictor variables vary in their scale of measurement or their number of categories. The usage of both random forest algorithms and their variable importance measures in the R system for statistical computing is illustrated and documented thoroughly in an application re-analyzing data from a study on RNA editing. Therefore the suggested method can be applied straightforwardly by scientists in bioinformatics research.},
affiliation = {Institut f{\"u}r Statistik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen, Ludwigstr, 33, 80539 M{\"u}nchen, Germany. carolin.strobl@stat.uni-muenchen.de},
pages = {25},
volume = {8},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genomics, Algorithms, Bias (Epidemiology), Computer Simulation, Computational Biology, Models: Statistical, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Population Dynamics, Models: Biological},
date-added = {2010-06-24 12:56:51 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-24 12:57:07 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2105-8-25},
pii = {1471-2105-8-25},
pmid = {17254353},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Strobl-2007-BMC%20Bioinformatics_Bias%20in%20random%20fores.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12873},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Young:2006p9514,
author = {Susan E Young and Soo Hyun Rhee and Michael C Stallings and Robin P Corley and John K Hewitt},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities underlying adolescent substance use and problem use: general or specific?},
abstract = {Are genetic and environmental risks for adolescent substance use specific to individual substances or general across substance classes? We examined this question in 645 monozygotic twin pairs, 702 dizygotic twin pairs, 429 biological sibling pairs, and 96 adoptive (biologically unrelated) sibling pairs ascertained from community-based samples, and ranging in age from 12 to 18 years. Substance use patterns and symptoms were assessed using structured psychiatric interviews. Biometrical model fitting was carried out using age- and sex-specific thresholds for (a) repeated use and (b) problem use, defined as one or more DSM-IV symptoms of abuse or dependence. We hypothesized that problem use would be more heritable than use in adolescence, and that both genetic and environmental risks underlying tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and problem use would be significantly correlated. Results of univariate analyses suggested significant heritable factors for use and problem use for all substances with the exception of alcohol use. Shared environmental factors were important in all cases and special twin environmental factors were significant for tobacco use, tobacco problem use, and alcohol use. Multivariate analyses yielded significant genetic correlations between each of the substances (for both levels studied), and significant shared environmental correlations among use variables only. Our results suggest that tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana problem use are mediated by common genetic influences, but shared environmental influences may be more substance-specific for problem use.},
affiliation = {Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. Susan.Young@Colorado.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {603--15},
volume = {36},
year = {2006},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Substance-Related Disorders, Comorbidity, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Humans, Social Problems, Colorado, Models: Psychological, Environment, Prevalence, Siblings, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior},
date-added = {2010-03-23 19:43:46 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-006-9066-7},
pmid = {16619135},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Young-2006-Behav%20Genet_Genetic%20and%20environm.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9514},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vanLaerhoven:2004p14215,
author = {H van Laerhoven and H J van der Zaag-Loonen and B H F Derkx},
journal = {Acta Paediatr},
title = {A comparison of Likert scale and visual analogue scales as response options in children's questionnaires},
abstract = {AIM: To examine which response options children prefer and which they find easiest to use, and to study the relative reliability of the different response options. METHODS: A consecutive group of unselected children (n = 120) filled out three questionnaires in a paediatric outpatient clinic. Each questionnaire included seven similar questions, but had different response options: the Likert scale, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the numeric VAS. In general, the questions were not related to the children's particular diseases, but dealt with the frequency of simple activities, their feelings and opinions. The pages with the three different response options were offered in random order. Afterwards, the children rated their preference and ease of use of the different response options on a scale from one to 10. RESULTS: Children preferred the Likert scale (median mark 9.0) over the numeric VAS (median mark 8.0) and the simple VAS (median 6.0). They considered the Likert scale easiest to fill out (median mark 10 vs 9 and 7.5 for the numeric and simple VAS, respectively). Results of the different response options correlated strongly with each other (rho = 0.67-0.90, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children prefer the Likert scale over the numeric and simple VAS and find it easiest to complete. The Likert scale, the simple VAS and the numeric VAS are of comparable reliability. The Likert scale is recommended for use in questionnaires for children, although research into larger and more diverse samples is needed.},
affiliation = {Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.},
number = {6},
pages = {830--5},
volume = {93},
year = {2004},
month = {Jun},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adolescent, Female, Questionnaires, Humans, Child, Pain Measurement, Psychometrics, Male},
date-added = {2010-08-22 20:36:04 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-22 20:36:08 +0200},
pmid = {15244235},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/van%20Laerhoven-2004-Acta%20Paediatr_A%20comparison%20of%20Like.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14215},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Zijlstra:2006p1565,
author = {W P Zijlstra and L Andries van der Ark and K Sijtsma},
title = {Outlier detection in test and questionnaire data},
abstract = {Classical methods for detecting outliers deal with continuous variables. These methods are not readily applicable to categorical data, such as incorrect/correct scores (0/1) and ordered rating scale scores (e.g., 0, . . . , 4) typical of multi-item tests and questionnaires. This study proposes two definitions of outlier scores suited for categorical data. One definition combines information on outliers from scores on all the items in the test, and the other definition combines information from all pairs of item scores. For a particular item-score vector, an outlier score expresses the degree in which the item-score vector is unusual. For ten real-data sets, the distribution of each of the two outlier scores is inspected by means of Tukey's fences and the extreme studentized deviate procedure. It is investigated whether the outliers that are identified are influential with respect to the statistical analysis performed on these data. Recommendations are given for outlier identification and accommodation in test and questionnaire data.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:51:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:42:55 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Zijlstra-2006-_Outlier%20detection%20in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1565},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Zhou:2009p13855,
author = {Xinyue Zhou and Gerard Saucier and Dingguo Gao and Jing Liu},
journal = {J Pers},
title = {The factor structure of Chinese personality terms},
abstract = {From the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary, 3,159 personality descriptors were selected and then ranked by the frequency of use. Among those, the top 413 terms with the highest frequency were administered to two independent large samples in China for self-ratings and peer ratings to explore the emic Chinese personality structure as well as to test the universality of other models. One- and two-factor structures found in previous studies of other languages were well replicated. Previous structures with more than two factors were not well replicated, but six- and seven-factor models were at least as well supported as the Big Five. Emic analysis indicated that a seven-factor structure was the most informative structure relatively salient across subsamples of self-ratings and peer ratings, across original and ipsatized data, and across differences in variable selections. These factors can be called Extraversion, Conscientiousness/Diligence, Unselfishness, Negative Valence, Emotional Volatility, Intellect/Positive Valence, and Dependency/Fragility.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. zhouxyue@mail.sysu.edu.cn},
number = {2},
pages = {363--400},
volume = {77},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Psychometrics, Self Concept, Psychological Theory, Social Perception, Vocabulary, Data Collection, Terminology as Topic, China, Personality, Self Assessment (Psychology), Personality Inventory, Humans},
date-added = {2010-07-29 17:43:56 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 17:43:56 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00551.x},
pii = {JOPY551},
pmid = {19192076},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13855},
rating = {0}
}

@article{ArenasGarcia:2010p3324,
author = {J Arenas-Garcia and K B Petersen and L K Hansen},
title = {Sparse Kernel Orthonormalized PLS for feature extraction in large data sets},
abstract = {In this paper we are presenting a novel multivariate analysis method. Our scheme is based on a novel kernel orthonormalized partial least squares (PLS) variant for feature extraction, imposing sparsity constrains in the solution to improve scalabil- ity. The algorithm is tested on a benchmark of UCI data sets, and on the analysis of integrated short-time music features for genre prediction. The upshot is that the method has strong expressive power even with rather few features, is clearly outperforming the ordinary kernel PLS, and therefore is an appealing method for feature extraction of labelled data.},
date-added = {2010-01-15 12:12:47 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-15 12:13:27 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Arenas-Garcia--_Sparse%20Kernel%20Orthon.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3324},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lee:2007p1444,
author = {Seungmook Lee and Mina Jhun and Eun-Kyung Lee and Taesung Park},
journal = {BMC Proc},
title = {Application of structural equation models to construct genetic networks using differentially expressed genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms},
abstract = {Understanding the genetic basis of human variation is an important goal of biomedical research. In this study, we used structural equation models (SEMs) to construct genetic networks to model how specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from two genes known to cause acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by somatic mutation, runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and ets variant gene 6 (ETV6), affect expression levels of other genes and how RUNX1 and ETV6 are related to each other. The SEM approach allows us to compare several candidate models from which an explanatory genetic network can be constructed.},
affiliation = {Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea. smlee@bibs.snu.ac.kr},
pages = {S76},
volume = {1 Suppl 1},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-07 12:20:13 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:18 +0200},
pmid = {18466578},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lee-2007-BMC%20Proc_Application%20of%20struc.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1444},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Faunce:2003p6591,
author = {Thomas A Faunce and Nicholas A Buckley},
journal = {J Toxicol Clin Toxicol},
title = {Of consents and CONSORTs: reporting ethics, law, and human rights in RCTs involving monitored overdose of healthy volunteers pre and post the "CONSORT" guidelines},
abstract = {Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic interventions in acute drug overdose present a significant challenge for ethical, legal, and human rights protections of research subjects, particularly when healthy volunteers are involved. The CONSORT statement on the uniform reporting of clinical trials was published in 1996 with the overall aim of improving the reporting of RCTs, both individually and to facilitate their inclusion into systematic reviews. In CONSORT, reporting of ethical, legal, and human rights protections, including prior evaluation of the study by an ethics committee and provision of informed consent, was largely an implicit requirement. Those drafting CONSORT may have assumed such protections and the rights of study subjects were secured by existing doctor-patient relationships. Alternatively, CONSORT may have been viewed as likely to indirectly enhance such protections, as a flow-on effect of improved RCT design and reporting. We wished to examine whether such assumptions were justified by examining the reporting of RCTs of simulated overdose in healthy volunteers. We reviewed all reported RCTs involving activated charcoal in healthy human volunteersfor three years before the CONSORT statement (1989, 1990, and 1991) and three years afterwards (1999, 2000, 2001). Presence of documentation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, stopping rules, protocol deviations, information sheets, consent documentation, ethical approvals, conflicts of interest, understanding, refusal, inducements and coercion were recorded. We found a very poor level of reporting of some key ethical, legal, and human rights protections for healthy volunteers in toxicological RCTs. Reporting did not improve with the publication of CONSORT even in relation to requirements specifically included in the guidelines.},
affiliation = {Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. thomas.faunce@anu.edu.au},
number = {2},
pages = {93--9},
volume = {41},
year = {2003},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Humans, Guidelines as Topic, Charcoal, MEDLINE, Antidotes, Human Rights, Overdose, Helsinki Declaration},
date-added = {2010-02-24 20:38:34 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-24 20:38:34 +0100},
pmid = {12733843},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Faunce-2003-J%20Toxicol%20Clin%20Toxicol_Of%20consents%20and%20CONS.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6591},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rivals:1999p14289,
author = {I Rivals and L Personnaz},
journal = {Neural Comput},
title = {On cross validation for model selection},
abstract = {In response to Zhu and Rower (1996), a recent communication (Goutte, 1997) established that leave-one-out cross validation is not subject to the "no-free-lunch" criticism. Despite this optimistic conclusion, we show here that cross validation has very poor performances for the selection of linear models as compared to classic statistical tests. We conclude that the statistical tests are preferable to cross validation for linear as well as for nonlinear model selection.},
affiliation = {Laboratoire d'Electronique, Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris, France. Isabelle.Rivals@espci.fr},
number = {4},
pages = {863--70},
volume = {11},
year = {1999},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Probability, Models: Statistical, Linear Models, Nonlinear Dynamics, Reproducibility of Results},
date-added = {2010-08-22 21:15:28 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-08-22 21:15:33 +0200},
pmid = {10226186},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Rivals-1999-Neural%20Comput_On%20cross%20validation.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p14289},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Tourangeau:1988,
author = {R Tourangeau and K Rasinski},
journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
title = {Cognitive processes underlying context effects in attitude measurement},
abstract = {We begin this article with the assumption that attitudes are best understood as structures in long-term memory, and we look at the implications of this view for the response process in attitude surveys. More specifically, we assert that an answer to an attitude question is the product of a four-stage process. Respondents first interpret the attitude question, determining what attitude the question is about. They then retrieve relevant beliefs and feelings. Next, they apply these beliefs and feelings in rendering the appropriate judgment. Finally, they use this judgment to select a response. All four of the component processes can be affected by prior items. The prior items can provide a framework for interpreting later questions and can also make some responses appear to be redundant with earlier answers. The prior items can prime some beliefs, making them more accessible to the retrieval process. The prior items can suggest a norm or standard of comparison for making the judgment. Finally, the prior items can create consistency pressures or pressures to appear moderate.},
pages = {299--314},
volume = {103},
year = {1988},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:34:18 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p939},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Luss:2008p861,
author = {Ronny Luss and A d'Aspremont},
journal = {Optimization and Engineering},
title = {Clustering and feature selection using sparse principal component analysis},
abstract = {In this paper, we study the application of sparse principal component analysis (PCA) to clustering and feature selection problems. Sparse PCA seeks sparse factors, or linear combinations of the data variables, explaining a maximum amount of variance in the data while having only a limited number of nonzero coefficients. PCA is often used as a simple clustering technique and sparse factors allow us here to interpret the clusters in terms of a reduced set of variables. We begin with a brief introduction and motivation on sparse PCA and detail our implementation of the algorithm in d'Aspremont et al. (SIAM Rev. 49(3):434--448, 2007). We then apply these results to some classic clustering and feature selection problems arising in biology.},
affiliation = {ORFE Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA},
year = {2008},
keywords = {Semidefinite programming, Feature selection, Clustering, Sparse principal component analysis},
date-added = {2010-01-03 17:56:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 17:58:53 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s11081-008-9057-z},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p861},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sun:2005p3943,
author = {Lei Sun and Shelley B Bull},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Reduction of selection bias in genomewide studies by resampling},
abstract = {The accuracy of gene localization, the reliability of locus-specific effect estimates, and the ability to replicate initial claims of linkage and/or association have emerged as major methodological concerns in genomewide studies of complex diseases and quantitative traits. To address the issue of multiple comparisons inherent in genomewide studies, the use of stringent criteria for assessing statistical significance has been generally acknowledged as a strategy to control type I error. However, the application of genomewide significance criteria does not take account of the selection bias introduced into parameter estimates, e.g., estimates of locus-specific effect size of disease/trait loci. Some have argued that reliable locus-specific parameter estimates can only be obtained in an independent sample. In this report, we examine statistical resampling techniques, including cross-validation and the bootstrap, applied to the initial sample to improve the estimation of locus-specific effects. We compare them with the naive method in which all data are used for both hypothesis testing and parameter estimation, as well as with the split-sample approach in which part of the data are reserved for estimation. Upward bias of the naive estimator and inadequacy of the split-sample approach are derived analytically under a simple quantitative trait model. Simulation studies of the resampling methods are performed for both the simple model and a more realistic genomewide linkage analysis. Our results suggest that cross-validation and bootstrap methods can substantially reduce the estimation bias, especially when the effect size is small or there is no genetic effect.},
affiliation = {Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. lei.sun@utoronto.ca},
number = {4},
pages = {352--67},
volume = {28},
year = {2005},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Selection Bias, Linkage (Genetics), Genetic Markers, Sample Size, Algorithms, Genome: Human, Computer Simulation, Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Models: Genetic, Siblings},
date-added = {2010-01-16 21:06:28 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-16 21:06:28 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.20068},
pmid = {15761913},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3943},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Irwin:2010p11003,
author = {Debra E Irwin and Brian D Stucky and David Thissen and Esi Morgan DeWitt and Jin Shei Lai and Karin Yeatts and James W Varni and Darren A DeWalt},
journal = {Qual Life Res},
title = {Sampling plan and patient characteristics of the PROMIS pediatrics large-scale survey},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This paper describes a large-scale administration of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pediatric items to evaluate measurement characteristics. METHODS: Each child completed one of seven test forms containing items from a pool of 293 PROMIS items and four legacy scales. PROMIS items covered six domains (physical function, emotional distress, social role relationship, fatigue, pain, and asthma). RESULTS: From January 2007 to May 2008, 4,129 children aged 8-17 were enrolled. The sample was 51% female, 55% aged 8-12, 42% minority race and 17% were Hispanic ethnicity. Approximately, 35% of the children participating in the survey consulted a clinician for a chronic illness diagnosis or treatment within 6 months prior to study enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: The final PROMIS pediatric item banks include physical function (n = 52 items), emotional distress (n = 35 items), social role relationships (n = 15 items), fatigue (n = 34 items), pain (n = 13 items), and asthma (n = 17 items). The initial calibration data were provided by a diverse set of children with varying health states (e.g., children with a variety of common chronic illnesses) and racial/ethnic backgrounds.},
affiliation = {Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB {\#}7294, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. dirwin@email.unc.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {585--94},
volume = {19},
year = {2010},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-04-14 06:39:30 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:48:29 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s11136-010-9618-4},
pmid = {20204706},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Irwin-2010-Qual%20Life%20Res_Sampling%20plan%20and%20pa.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11003},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vinod:1976p1518,
author = {H D Vinod},
journal = {Journal of Econometrics },
title = {Canonical ridge and econometrics of joint production},
abstract = {This paper is a continuation of the author's earlier work (1969) in which canonical correlation analysis was used to directly estimate a joint production function as an implicit function of all outputs and inputs. A major difficulty with canonical correlation analysis in this context is its numerical instability when the underlying (economic) data are nearly collinear. This can be partly overcome by considering an adaptation of ridge regression concepts to canonical correlations. The hybrid may be named a `canonical ridge' model. For illustration we discuss a trans-log joint production function based on U.S. (1945-1969) private domestic economy first studied by Christensen, Jorgenson and Lau (1973).},
affiliation = {Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, N.J. 07733, U.S.A.},
pages = {147--166},
volume = {4},
year = {1976},
date-added = {2010-01-07 15:43:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 15:45:24 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Vinod-1976-Journal%20of%20Econometrics%20_Canonical%20ridge%20and.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1518},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Jacobs:2002p11409,
author = {N Jacobs and F Rijsdijk and C Derom and M Danckaerts and E Thiery and R Derom and R Vlietinck and J van Os},
journal = {Mol Psychiatry},
title = {Child psychopathology and lower cognitive ability: a general population twin study of the causes of association},
abstract = {Previous work has demonstrated associations between lower cognitive ability and childhood and adult non-psychotic psychopathology. As both cognitive ability (CA) and child psychopathology (CP) are influenced by genetic factors, one explanation for the association is that they are the pleiotropic manifestations of the same underlying genetic factors. The present paper examines three possible causes of the association: additive genetic factors, common environmental factors and individual-specific environmental factors. Three hundred and seventy-six twin pairs from the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey were examined with the Child Behaviour Checklist and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. The cross-twin within-variable, within-twin cross-variable and cross-twin cross-variable correlations were calculated. Using structural equation modelling, bivariate models were fitted. The best fitting model was chosen, based on likelihood and parsimony. The observed phenotypic correlation between CP and CA was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.09, -0.27), with genetic factors accounting for about 84% of the observed correlation. Bivariate model fitting quantified the genetic correlation between CP and CA at -0.27 (95% CI: -0.12, -0.42) and the individual-specific environmental correlation at -0.17 (95% CI: -0.03, -0.31). In children, three different genetic factors may exist: one that solely affects the liability to CP, one that has only an effect on CA and one that influences both CP and CA. While individual-specific environmental factors can influence the liability to both traits, our results suggest that most of the environmental factors that increase the risk of CP do not influence CA and vice versa.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.},
number = {4},
pages = {368--74},
volume = {7},
year = {2002},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Intelligence Tests, Mental Retardation, Phenotype, Belgium, Adolescent, Cognition Disorders, Female, Child, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans},
date-added = {2010-05-01 16:34:15 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-01 16:34:15 +0200},
doi = {10.1038/sj.mp.4000971},
pmid = {11986980},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Jacobs-2002-Mol%20Psychiatry_Child%20psychopatholog.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11409},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Anonymous:2010p4901,
journal = {Nat Genet},
title = {Conclusion by exclusion},
number = {2},
pages = {95},
volume = {42},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-02-02 11:26:28 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-02 11:26:28 +0100},
doi = {10.1038/ng0210-95},
pii = {ng0210-95},
pmid = {20104245},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/2010-Nat%20Genet_Conclusion%20by%20exclus.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4901},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Schlarmann:2008p7979,
author = {J{\"o}rg Grosse Schlarmann and Sabine Metzing-Blau and Wilfried Schnepp},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
title = {The use of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents as an outcome criterion to evaluate family oriented support for young carers in Germany: an integrative review of the literature},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Young people below the age of 18, whose lives are affected by looking after a relative with a disability or long-term illness, are called young carers. Evidence based family oriented support for young carers and their families in Germany is currently being developed. To allow for scientific evaluation, an outcome criterion needs to be chosen. Until today, there are no assessment instruments available, which focus on young carer's specific demands and needs. As HRQOL seems to be an adequate alternative outcome criterion, an integrative review of the literature was carried out to verify this assumption. METHODS: The aim of the integrative review was to get information about a) the concept and the common definition of HRQOL in children, b) preferable HRQOL assessment techniques in children, and c) the relevance of HRQOL measures for the population of young carers. An additional aim of the review was to give advice on which instrument fits best to assess young carer's HRQOL in Germany. Searches were conducted in PubMed in order to obtain papers reporting about a) the development or psychometric assessment of instruments measuring HRQOL in children and adolescents up to the age of 18, and b) on the conceptual framework of HRQOL in children. RESULTS: HRQOL is a multidimensional construct covering physical, emotional, mental, social, and behavioural components of well-being and functioning as subjective perceived by a person depending on the cultural context and value system one is living in. Young carer's problems and needs are well covered by these common domains of HRQOL. Since no specific HRQOL-measures are available to address young carers, a generic one has to be chosen which a) has been created for use in children, b) allows self- and proxy-report, and c) has good psychometric testing results. Comparing four generic measures with currently best published psychometric testing results, items of the KIDSCREEN cover young carer's specific problems most accurate. CONCLUSION: The KIDSCREEN questionnaires seems adequate to evaluate the intervention as their items cover young carer's needs and problems most accurate.},
affiliation = {Institute of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer StraSSe 12, 58453 Witten, Germany. schlarmann@uni-wh.de},
pages = {414},
volume = {8},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Child of Impaired Parents, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Quality of Life, Psychometrics, Social Support, Family, Adolescent Psychology, Questionnaires, Caregivers, Humans, Loneliness, Adolescent, Child Psychology, Child, Germany, Social Isolation},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:32:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:32:39 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-8-414},
pii = {1471-2458-8-414},
pmid = {19091099},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Schlarmann-2008-BMC%20Public%20Health_The%20use%20of%20health-re.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7979},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Posthuma:2000p12680,
author = {D Posthuma and E J de Geus and M C Neale and H E Hulshoff Pol and Baar{\'e} WEC and R S Kahn and D Boomsma},
journal = {Behav Genet},
title = {Multivariate genetic analysis of brain structure in an extended twin design},
abstract = {The hunt for genes influencing behavior may be aided by the study of intermediate phenotypes for several reasons. First, intermediate phenotypes may be influenced by only a few genes, which facilitates their detection. Second, many intermediate phenotypes can be measured on a continuous quantitative scale and thus can be assessed in affected and unaffected individuals. Continuous measures increase the statistical power to detect genetic effects (Neale et al., 1994), and allow studies to be designed to collect data from informative subjects such as extreme concordant or discordant pairs. Intermediate phenotypes for discrete traits, such as psychiatric disorders, can be neurotransmitter levels, brain function, or structure. In this paper we conduct a multivariate analysis of data from 111 twin pairs and 34 additional siblings on cerebellar volume, intracranial space, and body height. The analysis is carried out on the raw data and specifies a model for the mean and the covariance structure. Results suggest that cerebellar volume and intracranial space vary with age and sex. Brain volumes tend to decrease slightly with age, and males generally have a larger brain volume than females. The remaining phenotypic variance of cerebellar volume is largely genetic (88%). These genetic factors partly overlap with the genetic factors that explain variance in intracranial space and body height. The applied method is presented as a general approach for the analysis of intermediate phenotypes in which the effects of correlated variables on the observed scores are modeled through multivariate analysis.},
affiliation = {Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands. danielle@psy.vu.nl},
number = {4},
pages = {311--9},
volume = {30},
year = {2000},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Female, Body Height, Brain, Phenotype, Adult, Genetic Variation, Male, Twins: Dizygotic, Humans, Cerebellum, Multivariate Analysis, Twins: Monozygotic, Cephalometry, Models: Statistical},
date-added = {2010-06-15 22:44:03 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:09:06 +0200},
pmid = {11206086},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Posthuma-2000-Behav%20Genet_Multivariate%20genetic.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p12680},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Gelman:2008p4106,
author = {A Gelman and A Jakulin and M G Pittau and Y S Su},
title = {A default prior distribution for logistic and other regression models},
abstract = {We propose a new prior distribution for classical (non-hierarchical) logistic regres- sion models, constructed by first scaling all nonbinary variables to have mean 0 and standard deviation 0.5, and then placing independent Student-t prior distributions on the coefficients. As a default choice, we recommend the Cauchy distribution with center 0 and scale 2.5, which in the simplest setting is a longer-tailed version of the distribu- tion attained by assuming one-half additional success and one-half additional failure in a logistic regression. Cross-validation on a corpus of datasets shows the Cauchy class of prior distributions to outperform existing implementations of Gaussian and Laplace priors.
We recommend this prior distribution as a default choice for routine applied use. It has the advantage of always giving answers, even when there is complete separation in logistic regression (a common problem, even when the sample size is large and the number of predictors is small) and also automatically applying more shrinkage to higher- order interactions. This can be useful in routine data analysis as well as in automated procedures such as chained equations for missing-data imputation.
We implement a procedure to fit generalized linear models in R with the Student-t prior distribution by incorporating an approximate EM algorithm into the usual itera- tively weighted least squares. We illustrate with several examples, including a series of logistic regressions predicting voting preferences, a small bioassay experiment, and an imputation model for a public health data set.},
year = {2008},
date-added = {2010-01-19 23:45:30 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 23:46:10 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gelman-2008-_A%20default%20prior%20dist.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4106},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Wiberg:2004p4005,
author = {M Wiberg},
title = {CLASSICAL TEST THEORY vs. ITEM RESPONSE THEORY. An evaluation of the theory test in the Swedish driving-license test},
abstract = {The Swedish driving-license test consists of a theory test and a practical road test. The aim of this paper is to evaluate which Item Response The- ory (IRT) model among the one (1PL), two (2PL) and three (3PL) pa- rameter logistic IRT models that is the most suitable to use when evalu- ating the theory test in the Swedish driving-license test. Further, to com- pare the chosen IRT model with the indices in Classical Test Theory (CTT). The theory test has 65 multiple-choice items and is criterion- referenced. The evaluation of the models were made by verifying the assumptions that IRT models rely on, examining the expected model features and evaluating how well the models predict actual test results. The overall conclusion from this evaluation is that 3PL model is prefer- able to use when evaluating the theory test. By comparing the indices from CTT and IRT it was concluded that both give valuable informa- tion and should be included in an analysis of the theory test in the Swed- ish driving-license test.},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-01-17 23:30:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-17 23:30:56 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Wiberg-2004-_CLASSICAL%20TEST%20THEOR.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4005},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Balsa:2005p7289,
author = {Ana I Balsa and Thomas G McGuire and Lisa S Meredith},
journal = {Health Serv Res},
title = {Testing for statistical discrimination in health care},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which doctors' rational reactions to clinical uncertainty ("statistical discrimination") can explain racial differences in the diagnosis of depression, hypertension, and diabetes. DATA SOURCES: Main data are from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), a 1986 study conducted by RAND Corporation in three U.S. cities. The study compares the processes and outcomes of care for patients in different health care systems. Complementary data from National Health And Examination Survey III (NHANES III) and National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) are also used. STUDY DESIGN: Across three systems of care (staff health maintenance organizations, multispecialty groups, and solo practices), the MOS selected 523 health care clinicians. A representative cross-section (21,480) of patients was then chosen from a pool of adults who visited any of these providers during a 9-day period. DATA COLLECTION: We analyzed a subsample of the MOS data consisting of patients of white family physicians or internists (11,664 patients). We obtain variables reflecting patients' health conditions and severity, demographics, socioeconomic status, and insurance from the patients' screener interview (administered by MOS staff prior to the patient's encounter with the clinician). We used the reports made by the clinician after the visit to construct indicators of doctors' diagnoses. We obtained prevalence rates from NHANES III and NCS. FINDINGS: We find evidence consistent with statistical discrimination for diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes, and depression. In particular, we find that if clinicians act like Bayesians, plausible priors held by the physician about the prevalence of the disease across racial groups could account for racial differences in the diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes. In the case of depression, we find evidence that race affects decisions through differences in communication patterns between doctors and white and minority patients. CONCLUSIONS: To contend effectively with inequities in health care, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms behind the problem. Discrimination stemming from prejudice is of a very different character than

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