text:
superior to that of the ML-test, and its null distribution converges rapidly to the chi-square.},
year = {2002},
month = {Jan},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:39:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:39:03 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Verhelst-2002-_Testing%20the%20unidimen.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1188},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Rutherford:2007p6076,
author = {M D Rutherford and Daniel N McIntosh},
journal = {J Autism Dev Disord},
title = {Rules versus prototype matching: strategies of perception of emotional facial expressions in the autism spectrum},
abstract = {When perceiving emotional facial expressions, people with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) appear to focus on individual facial features rather than configurations. This paper tests whether individuals with ASD use these features in a rule-based strategy of emotional perception, rather than a typical, template-based strategy by considering outcome implications of these strategies. Rule-based strategies are more tolerant of extreme stimuli than are template-based ones. Tolerance for exaggerated emotional facial expressions in individuals with ASD compared to IQ and education matched controls was tested in a forced-choice paradigm. For five of six emotions, those with ASD were more likely to accept the most exaggerated images as most realistic. People with ASD appear to rely more heavily on a rule-based strategy than a template-based strategy in perceiving emotional facial expressions.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, USA. rutherm@mcmaster.ca},
number = {2},
pages = {187--96},
volume = {37},
year = {2007},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Adolescent, Female, Visual Perception, Autistic Disorder, Facial Expression, Asperger Syndrome, Affect, Adult, Perceptual Disorders, Humans},
date-added = {2010-02-19 17:03:33 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 17:03:33 +0100},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-006-0151-9},
pmid = {16897386},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6076},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Goldberg:1986p13831,
author = {L R Goldberg},
journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
title = {The validity of rating procedures  to index the hierarchical level of categories},
pages = {323--347},
volume = {25},
year = {1986},
date-added = {2010-07-29 17:11:51 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 17:13:00 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Goldberg-1986-Journal%20of%20Memory%20and%20Language_The%20validity%20of%20rati.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13831},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Jacob:2004p10405,
author = {Christian P Jacob and A Strobel and K Hohenberger and T Ringel and L Gutknecht and A Reif and B Brocke and K P Lesch},
journal = {Am J Psychiatry},
title = {Association between allelic variation of serotonin transporter function and neuroticism in anxious cluster C personality disorders},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Association between the low-activity variant of a polymorphism in the transcriptional control region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and neuroticism or harm avoidance was found in several but not all studies. The authors analyzed the influence of 5-HTTLPR variants on personality disorders. METHOD: Patients with personality disorders (N=320) and healthy volunteers (N=281) were studied with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. All were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR variants. RESULTS: No differences in 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution were detected between patients with cluster B and C personality disorders and comparison subjects. In contrast, among patients with a cluster C diagnosis, carriers of the low-activity short allele of the 5-HTTLPR exhibited higher neuroticism scores than noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the notion that there is no general association between the 5-HTTLPR and anxiety-related traits and that differential gene effects and/or gene-by-environment interactions are likely operative in distinct clinical subpopulations.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Germany. psychopol@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de},
number = {3},
pages = {569--72},
volume = {161},
year = {2004},
month = {Mar},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adult, Transcription: Genetic, Genetic Variation, Carrier Proteins, Social Environment, Membrane Transport Proteins, Humans, Middle Aged, Personality Disorders, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Anxiety Disorders, Psychometrics, Alleles, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Polymorphism: Genetic, Male, Female, Personality Inventory, Heterozygote Detection, Risk Factors, Membrane Glycoproteins},
date-added = {2010-04-07 10:55:51 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:51:28 +0200},
pmid = {14992987},
URL = {http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/161/3/569},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Jacob-2004-Am%20J%20Psychiatry_Association%20between.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10405},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fosgate:2005p6254,
author = {Geoffrey T Fosgate},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Modified exact sample size for a binomial proportion with special emphasis on diagnostic test parameter estimation},
abstract = {The design of epidemiologic studies for the validation of diagnostic tests necessitates accurate sample size calculations to allow for the estimation of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity within a specified level of precision and with the desired level of confidence. Confidence intervals based on the normal approximation to the binomial do not achieve the specified coverage when the proportion is close to 1. A sample size algorithm based on the exact mid-P method of confidence interval estimation was developed to address the limitations of normal approximation methods. This algorithm resulted in sample sizes that achieved the appropriate confidence interval width even in situations when normal approximation methods performed poorly.},
affiliation = {Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A{\&}M University, College Station, 77843-4458, USA. gfosgate@cvm.tamu.edu},
number = {18},
pages = {2857--66},
volume = {24},
year = {2005},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Sample Size, Reproducibility of Results, Algorithms, Confidence Intervals, Biometry, Sensitivity and Specificity, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests},
date-added = {2010-02-19 21:51:11 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-19 21:51:11 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.2146},
pmid = {16134167},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fosgate-2005-Stat%20Med_Modified%20exact%20sampl.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6254},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cheeran:2009p5115,
author = {B J Cheeran and C Ritter and J C Rothwell and H R Siebner},
journal = {Neuroscience},
title = {Mapping genetic influences on the corticospinal motor system in humans},
abstract = {It is becoming increasingly clear that genetic variations account for a certain amount of variance in the acquisition and maintenance of different skills. Until now, several levels of genetic influences were examined, ranging from global heritability estimates down to the analysis of the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and variable number tandem repeats. In humans, the corticospinal motor system is essential to the acquisition of fine manual motor skills which require a finely tuned coordination of activity in distal forelimb muscles. Here we review recent brain mapping studies that have begun to explore the influence of functional genetic variation as well as mutations on function and structure of the human corticospinal motor system, and also the clinical implications of these studies. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor hand area revealed a modulatory role of the common val66met polymorphism in the BDNF gene on corticospinal plasticity. Diffusion-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging has been employed to pinpoint subtle structural changes in corticospinal motor projections in individuals carrying a mutation in genes associated with motor neuron degeneration. These studies underscore the potential of non-invasive brain mapping techniques to characterize the genetic influence on the human corticospinal motor system.},
affiliation = {Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. b.cheeran@ion.ucl.ac.uk},
number = {1},
pages = {156--63},
volume = {164},
year = {2009},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Neuronal Plasticity, Motor Activity, Animals, Pyramidal Tracts, Motor Skills, Movement Disorders, Humans},
date-added = {2010-02-05 20:17:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-05 20:17:24 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.054},
pii = {S0306-4522(09)00114-6},
pmid = {19409217},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5115},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Brodin:2010p8340,
author = {Ulf Brodin and Uno Fors and Klara B Laksov},
journal = {BMC Med Educ},
title = {The application of item response theory on a teaching strategy profile questionnaire},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In medical education research, various questionnaires are often used to study possible relationships between strategies and approaches to teaching and learning and the outcome of these. However, judging the applicability of such questionnaires or the interpretation of the results is not trivial. METHODS: As a way to develop teacher thinking, teaching strategy profiles were calculated for teachers in a research intensive department at Karolinska Institutet. This study compares the sum score, that was inherent in the questionnaire used, with an Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. Three teaching dimensions were investigated and the intended sum scores were investigated by IRT analysis. RESULTS: Agreements as well as important differences were found. The use of the sum score seemed to agree reasonably with an IRT approach for two of the dimensions, while the third dimension could not be identified neither by a the sum score, nor by an IRT approach, as the items included showed conflicting messages. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the possibilities to gain better insight and more relevant interpretation of a questionnaire by use of IRT. A sum score approach should not be taken for granted. Its use has to be thoroughly evaluated.},
affiliation = {Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Berzelius v{\"a}g 3 Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ulf.brodin@ki.se},
pages = {14},
volume = {10},
year = {2010},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-21 12:41:14 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:20:14 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6920-10-14},
pii = {1472-6920-10-14},
pmid = {20146802},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Brodin-2010-BMC%20Med%20Educ_The%20application%20of%20i.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8340},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hansell:2009p1407,
author = {Narelle K Hansell and Arpana Agrawal and John B Whitfield and Katherine I Morley and Scott D Gordon and Penelope A Lind and Michele L Pergadia and Grant W Montgomery and Pamela A F Madden and Richard D Todd and Andrew C Heath and Nicholas G Martin},
journal = {Alcohol Clin Exp Res},
title = {Can we identify genes for alcohol consumption in samples ascertained for heterogeneous purposes?},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies have identified evidence of genetic influence on alcohol use in samples selected to be informative for alcoholism research. However, there are a growing number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using samples unselected for alcohol consumption (i.e., selected on other traits and forms of psychopathology), which nevertheless assess consumption as a risk factor. Is it reasonable to expect that genes contributing to variation in alcohol consumption can be identified in such samples? METHODS: An exploratory approach was taken to determine whether linkage analyses for heaviness of alcohol consumption, using a sample collected for heterogeneous purposes, could replicate previous findings. Quantity and frequency measures of consumption were collected in telephone interviews from community samples. These measures, and genotyping, were available for 5,441 individuals (5,067 quasi-independent sibling pairs). For 1,533 of these individuals, data were collected on 2 occasions, about 8.2 years apart, providing 2 datasets that maximize data collected at either a younger or an older age. Analyses were conducted to address the question of whether age and heavier levels of alcohol consumption effects outcome. Linkage results were compared in the younger and older full samples, and with samples in which approximately 10, 20, and 40 of drinkers from the lower end of the distribution of alcohol consumption were dropped. RESULTS: Linkage peaks varied for the age differentiated samples and for percentage of light drinkers retained. Larger peaks (LOD scores >2.0) were typically found in regions previously identified in linkage studies and/or containing proposed candidate genes for alcoholism including AGT, CARTPT, OPRD1, PIK3R1, and PDYN. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that GWAS assessing alcohol consumption as a covariate for other conditions will have some success in identifying genes contributing to consumption-related variation. However, sample characteristics, such as participant age, and trait distribution, may have substantial effects on the strength of the genetic signal. These results can inform forthcoming GWAS where the same restrictions apply.},
affiliation = {Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Narelle.Hansell@qimr.edu.au},
number = {4},
pages = {729--39},
volume = {33},
year = {2009},
month = {Apr},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genotype, Genetic Heterogeneity, Enkephalins, Humans, Adult, Linear Models, Protein Precursors, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Interviews as Topic, Australia, Aged: 80 and over, Data Collection, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Male, Aged, Female, Alcohol Drinking, Linkage (Genetics), Angiotensinogen, Age Factors, Receptors: Opioid: delta},
date-added = {2010-01-07 12:17:50 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 12:17:50 +0100},
doi = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00890.x},
pii = {ACER890},
pmid = {19183129},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hansell-2009-Alcohol%20Clin%20Exp%20Res_Can%20we%20identify%20gene.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1407},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Emery:2005p4453,
author = {Marie-Pierre Emery and Laure-Lou Perrier and Catherine Acquadro},
journal = {Health Qual Life Outcomes},
title = {Patient-reported outcome and quality of life instruments database (PROQOLID): frequently asked questions},
abstract = {The exponential development of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) measures in clinical research has led to the creation of the Patient-Reported Outcome and Quality of Life Instruments Database (PROQOLID) to facilitate the selection process of PRO measures in clinical research. The project was initiated by Mapi Research Trust in Lyon, France. Initially called QOLID (Quality of Life Instruments Database), the project's purpose was to provide all those involved in health care evaluation with a comprehensive and unique source of information on PRO and HRQOL measures available through the Internet.PROQOLID currently describes more than 470 PRO instruments in a structured format. It is available in two levels, non-subscribers and subscribers, at http://www.proqolid.org. The first level is free of charge and contains 14 categories of basic useful information on the instruments (e.g. author, objective, original language, list of existing translations, etc.). The second level provides significantly more information about the instruments. It includes review copies of over 350 original instruments, 120 user manuals and 350 translations. Most are available in PDF format. This level is only accessible to annual subscribers. PROQOLID is updated in close collaboration with the instruments' authors on a regular basis. Fifty or more new instruments are added to the database annually.Today, all of the major pharmaceutical companies, prestigious institutions (such as the FDA, the NIH's National Cancer Institute, the U.S. Veterans Administration), dozens of universities, public institutions and researchers subscribe to PROQOLID on a yearly basis. More than 800 users per day routinely visit the database.},
affiliation = {Mapi Research Trust, 27 rue de la Villette, 69003 Lyon, France. mpemery@mapi.fr},
pages = {12},
volume = {3},
year = {2005},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Internationality, Aged, France, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Databases as Topic, Adult, User-Computer Interface, Psychometrics, Sickness Impact Profile, Female, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Middle Aged, Humans, Questionnaires},
date-added = {2010-01-29 21:37:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-29 21:37:59 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1477-7525-3-12},
pii = {1477-7525-3-12},
pmid = {15755325},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Emery-2005-Health%20and%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Outcomes_Patient-reported%20out.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4453},
rating = {0}
}

@article{vonDiemen:2008p11995,
author = {Lisia von Diemen and Diego Garcia Bassani and Sandra Costa Fuchs and Claudia Maciel Szobot and Flavio Pechansky},
journal = {Addiction},
title = {Impulsivity, age of first alcohol use and substance use disorders among male adolescents: a population based case-control study},
abstract = {AIMS: To evaluate the association between impulsivity, age of first alcohol consumption (AFD) and substance use disorders (SUD) in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based case-control study of male adolescents between 15 and 20 years of age nested in a community survey in southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Cases were drug or alcohol abusers/dependents defined according to DSM-IV abuse/dependence criteria (n = 63). Individuals who had experienced alcohol use but where non-abusers served as controls (n = 355). Cases and controls completed a structured face-to-face interview. MEASUREMENTS: The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was completed during the original survey and used to identify cases and controls. Impulsivity was measured by means of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS 11). Self-reported AFD and socio-demographic data were collected and analyzed through logistic regression according to a hierarchical model. FINDINGS: Impulsivity and AFD were significantly associated with SUD. Both higher impulsivity [odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-7.8] and earlier AFD (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.3) remained associated with SUD after model adjustments. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this population-based case-control study suggest that impulsivity and age of first alcoholic drink are associated strongly with alcohol and drug problems. Additionally, impulsivity seems to contribute to a premature exposure to alcohol by hastening the AFD. If the temporal effect of these associations is confirmed in longitudinal designs including broader population groups, our findings may contribute to the development of clinical and policy interventions aiming at reducing the incidence and morbidity associated with substance-related problems among adolescents.},
affiliation = {Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. lisiavd@hotmail.com},
number = {7},
pages = {1198--205},
volume = {103},
year = {2008},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Age Factors, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Adult, Risk-Taking, Adolescent, Humans, Case-Control Studies, Impulsive Behavior, Personality Disorders, Brazil, Alcohol Drinking, Male},
date-added = {2010-05-23 17:25:55 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 17:25:55 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02223.x},
pii = {ADD2223},
pmid = {18494839},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11995},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Janiri:2007p10136,
author = {L Janiri and G Martinotti and T Dario and F Schifano and P Bria},
journal = {Subst Use Misuse},
title = {The Gamblers' Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality profile},
abstract = {In a cross-comparison study, the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality profile was administered to 28 probable pathological gamblers (PPGs), 32 nonpathological gamblers (non-PGs), and 65 controls. As a screening device, the validated Italian version of the South Oak Gambling Screen was administered to all subjects. Novelty Seeking (NS) values were higher in PPGs in comparison with both non-PGs (p < .05) and controls (p < .001). PPGs showed lower Self-Directedness (SD) and Cooperativeness (CO) values with respect to both non-PGs (p < .05 and p = .001, respectively) and controls (p < .001 and p = .001, respectively). The subsamples of PPGs reporting either a current substance misuse condition or a parental involvement in gambling/substance misuse showed higher NS (p = .01) and lower CO (p = .005) values than the remaining PPGs. A duration of problem gambling in excess of 20 years was associated with lower (p = .001) CO values. Specific temperamental (NS) and character (SD; CO) dimensions differentiated PPGs from both non-PGs and controls; assessment of personality profile with the TCI may identify at-risk social gamblers.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.},
number = {6},
pages = {975--84},
volume = {42},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Character, Adult, Personality Inventory, Female, Middle Aged, Humans, Exploratory Behavior, Male, Questionnaires, Gambling, Mass Screening, Impulse Control Disorders, Temperament},
date-added = {2010-03-31 20:38:55 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-03-31 20:38:55 +0200},
doi = {10.1080/10826080701202445},
pii = {779870247},
pmid = {17613958},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Janiri-2007-Subst%20Use%20Misuse_The%20Gamblers'%20Temper.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10136},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Lebanon:2010p2595,
author = {G Lebanon and J Lafferty},
title = {Cranking: Combining Rankings Using Conditional Probability Models on Permutations},
abstract = {A new approach to ensemble learning is intro- duced that takes ranking rather than classification as fundamental, leading to models on the sym- metric group and its cosets. The approach uses a generalization of the Mallows model on permuta- tions to combine multiple input rankings. Appli- cations include the task of combining the output of multiple search engines and multiclass or mul- tilabel classification, where a set of input classi- fiers is viewed as generating a ranking of class la- bels. Experiments for both types of applications are presented.},
affiliation = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA},
date-added = {2010-01-12 22:40:32 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-12 22:41:27 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Lebanon--_Cranking%20Combining.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2595},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Fox:2006p1612,
author = {J P Fox and J Pimentel and C Glas},
journal = {Behaviormetrika},
title = {Fixed effects IRT model},
number = {1},
pages = {27--42},
volume = {33},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-07 17:11:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 17:12:55 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Fox-2006-Behaviormetrika_Fixed%20effects%20IRT%20mo.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1612},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Preuss:2006p11653,
author = {Ulrich Preuss and Stephen J Ralston and Gisli Baldursson and Bruno Falissard and Maria J Lorenzo and Rob Rodrigues Pereira and Laurens Vlasveld and David Coghill and ADORE Study Group},
journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
title = {Study design, baseline patient characteristics and intervention in a cross-cultural framework: results from the ADORE study},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the methodology and to present the baseline findings of the Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Observational Research in Europe (ADORE) study, the primary objective of which is to describe the relationship between treatment regimen prescribed and quality of life of children with ADHD in actual practice. METHODS: In this 2-year prospective observational study, data on diagnosis, prescribed treatment and outcomes of ADHD were collected at seven time points by paediatricians and child psychiatrists on 1,573 children recruited in 10 European countries. The data presented here from the 1,478 patients included in the analyses describe the baseline condition, initial treatment regimen prescribed and quality of life of families with children with ADHD. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 9.0 years (SD 2.5) and 84% were male. Physicians diagnoses were made using DSM-IV (43%), ICD-10 (32%) and both DSM-IV and ICD-10 (12%). Mean age of awareness of a problem was 5.1 years, suggesting an average delay of approximately 4 years between awareness and diagnosis of ADHD. Baseline ADHD rating scale scores (physician-rated) indicated moderate to severe ADHD. Parent-rated SDQ scores were in agreement and suggested significant levels of co-existing problems. CGI-S, CGAS and CHIP-CE scores also indicated significant impairment. Patients were offered the following treatments after the initial assessment: pharmacotherapy (25%), psychotherapy (19%), combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (25%), other therapy (10%) and no treatment (21%). CONCLUSION: The ADORE study shows that ADHD is similarly recognised across 10 European countries and that the children are significantly impaired across a wide range of domains. In this respect, they resemble children described in previous ADHD samples.},
affiliation = {Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bern University, Effingerstrasse 12, 3011, Bern, Switzerland. Ulrich.preuss@kjp.unibe.ch},
pages = {I4--14},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
year = {2006},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Male, Adolescent, Research Design, Child, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Prospective Studies, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Severity of Illness Index, Europe, Humans, Psychotherapy, Mental Disorders, Combined Modality Therapy, Quality of Life, Demography, Treatment Outcome, Comorbidity},
date-added = {2010-05-11 22:49:02 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-11 22:49:03 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s00787-006-1002-0},
pmid = {17177015},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11653},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ayissi:2006p1541,
author = {L Ayissi and M Hubin-Gayte},
journal = {Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence},
title = {Irritabilit{\'e} du nouveau-n{\'e} et d{\'e}pression maternelle du post-partum},
abstract = {Les recherches traitant de l'influence de la d{\'e}pression du post-partum sur les interactions m{\`e}re--b{\'e}b{\'e} montrent des corr{\'e}lations entre deux mesures prises au m{\^e}me moment : les scores de d{\'e}pression et la qualit{\'e} de l'interaction. Ce lien de causalit{\'e} lin{\'e}aire a {\'e}t{\'e} remis en question et invers{\'e} par un courant de recherche s'int{\'e}ressant aux caract{\'e}ristiques du nourrisson. Nous posons l'hypoth{\`e}se que le temp{\'e}rament du nourrisson, et en particulier l'irritabilit{\'e} n{\'e}onatale, affectent la relation m{\`e}re--enfant ce qui peut contribuer {\`a} l'{\'e}mergence de la d{\'e}pression maternelle. {\`A} trois jours, nous avons observ{\'e} l'irritabilit{\'e} de 67 b{\'e}b{\'e}s avec l'{\'e}chelle de Brazelton. Ensuite, les m{\`e}res ont rempli le questionnaire de Kennerley afin d'{\'e}valuer l'intensit{\'e} du blues du post-partum. {\`A} deux mois, 45 dyades sont revues. Pour {\'e}valuer la nature des patterns interactifs, nous avons film{\'e} une situation de « jeu libre » analys{\'e}e selon le care-index de Crittenden. Enfin, nous avons utilis{\'e} l'EPDS pour rep{\'e}rer les m{\`e}res d{\'e}pressives. Les r{\'e}sultats indiquent que le pourcentage de nouveau-n{\'e}s tr{\`e}s irritables est plus important dans le groupe de m{\`e}res d{\'e}pressives (34 %) comparativement au groupe des m{\`e}res non d{\'e}pressives (26 %). L'analyse des interactions entre les m{\`e}res d{\'e}pressives et leur b{\'e}b{\'e} {\`a} huit semaines fait appara{\^\i}tre que quatre m{\`e}res sur six sont contr{\^o}lantes. Les comportements de d{\'e}sengagement interactif sont plus nombreux chez les m{\`e}res non d{\'e}pressives qui se caract{\'e}risent soit par un score {\'e}lev{\'e} de blues {\`a} j3, soit par un score de 0 {\`a} l'EPDS {\`a} deux mois et, ont dans 50 % des cas, des b{\'e}b{\'e}s peu irritables.},
pages = {125--132},
volume = {54},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-07 16:27:13 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 16:28:37 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neurenf.2006.01.007},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ayissi-2006-Neuropsychiatrie%20de%20l%E2%80%99enfance%20et%20de%20l%E2%80%99adolescence_Irritabilite%CC%81%20du%20nou.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1541},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Braddy:2006p13619,
author = {P W Braddy and A W Meade and E C Johnson},
journal = {21st Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology},
title = {Practical Implications of Using Different Tests of Measurement Invariance for Polytomous Measures},
abstract = {Using male/female and Caucasian/African American comparison groups, this study examined the practical ramifications of using two IRT-based analytic methods, DFIT and the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT), in assessing the measurement invariance of a 21-item leadership development scale under ten sample size conditions (e.g., 200, 500, {\&} 1000). In nine of ten conditions, the LRT identified multiple items that exhibited DIF whereas DFIT only detected a single item with DIF in one set of analyses. Conclusions based on the LRT indicated a lack of measurement invariance for the scale, while DFIT implied near perfect measurement invariance. Thus, these findings highlight the implications of choice of analytic method on the determination of measurement invariance in applied samples.},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-07-07 21:20:16 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-07 21:21:10 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Braddy-2006-21st%20Annual%20Conference%20of%20the%20Society%20for%20Industrial%20and%20Organizational%20Psychology_Practical%20Implicatio.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13619},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hendrawan:2005p2687,
author = {I Hendrawan and C AW Glas and R R Meijer},
journal = {Applied Psychological Measurement},
title = {The Effect of Person Misfit on Classification Decisions},
abstract = {The effect of person misfit to an item response theory model on a mastery/nonmastery decision was investigated. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the classification precision can be improved by identifying misfitting respondents using person-fit statistics. A simulation study was conducted to investigate the probability of a correct classification using different cutoff points, estimation methods, person-fit statistics, model violations, test lengths, and sample sizes. The effect of the presence of misfitting item score patterns on the item parameter estimates was also taken into account. Results showed that the effect of the presence of misfitting item score patterns on the classification of nonaberrant simulees was generally small (i.e., the classification precision for these simulees did not go down). Furthermore, for simulees classified as nonaberrant using a person-fit statistic, the classification decisions were comparable with the classification decisions for actual nonaberrant simulees. These results were comparable across different person-fit statistics and estimation methods.},
number = {1},
pages = {26--44},
volume = {29},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-13 10:07:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:16:54 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hendrawan-2005-Applied%20Psychological%20Measurement_The%20Effect%20of%20Person.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2687},
read = {Yes},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dawson:2010p10563,
author = {Deborah A Dawson and Tulshi D Saha and Bridget F Grant},
journal = {Drug Alcohol Depend},
title = {A multidimensional assessment of the validity and utility of alcohol use disorder severity as determined by item response theory models},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relative severity of the 11 DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria are represented by their severity threshold scores, an item response theory (IRT) model parameter inversely proportional to their prevalence. These scores can be used to create a continuous severity measure comprising the total number of criteria endorsed, each weighted by its relative severity. METHODS: This paper assesses the validity of the severity ranking of the 11 criteria and the overall severity score with respect to known AUD correlates, including alcohol consumption, psychological functioning, family history, antisociality, and early initiation of drinking, in a representative population sample of U.S. past-year drinkers (n=26,946). RESULTS: The unadjusted mean values for all validating measures increased steadily with the severity threshold score, except that legal problems, the criterion with the highest score, was associated with lower values than expected. After adjusting for the total number of criteria endorsed, this direct relationship was no longer evident. The overall severity score was no more highly correlated with the validating measures than a simple count of criteria endorsed, nor did the two measures yield different risk curves. This reflects both within-criterion variation in severity and the fact that the number of criteria endorsed and their severity are so highly correlated that severity is essentially redundant. CONCLUSIONS: Attempts to formulate a scalar measure of AUD will do as well by relying on simple counts of criteria or symptom items as by using scales weighted by IRT measures of severity.},
affiliation = {Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ddawson@mail.nih.gov},
number = {1},
pages = {31--8},
volume = {107},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-04-07 11:33:25 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-07 11:33:31 +0200},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.08.019},
pii = {S0376-8716(09)00353-6},
pmid = {19782481},
URL = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T63-4X9NCB8-2&_user=2432700&_coverDate=02%252F01%252F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000057263&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2432700&md5=9f8644563a8a9679c155c7e0a26489df},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dawson-2010-Drug%20Alcohol%20Depend_A%20multidimensional%20a.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p10563},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Dethlefsen:2005p4646,
author = {C Dethlefsen and S Hojsgaard},
journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
title = {A Common Platform for Graphical Models in R: The gRbase Package},
abstract = {The gRbase package is intended to set the framework for computer packages for data analysis using graphical models. The gRbase package is developed for the open source language, R, and is available for several platforms. The package is intended to be widely extendible and flexible so that package developers may implement further types of graph- ical models using the available methods.
The gRbase package consists of a set of S version 3 classes and associated methods for representing data and models. The package is linked to the dynamicGraph package (Badsberg 2005), an interactive graphical user interface for manipulating graphs.
In this paper, we show how these building blocks can be combined and integrated with inference engines in the special cases of hierarchical log-linear models. We also illustrate how to extend the package to deal with other types of graphical models, in this case the graphical Gaussian models.},
number = {17},
volume = {14},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-30 15:56:42 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-30 15:57:23 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dethlefsen-2005-Journal%20of%20Statistical%20Software_A%20Common%20Platform%20fo.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4646},
rating = {0}
}

@article{deGraaf:2005p8021,
author = {Ron de Graaf and Saskia van Dorsselaer and Margreet ten Have and Casper Schoemaker and Wilma A M Vollebergh},
journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
title = {Seasonal variations in mental disorders in the general population of a country with a maritime climate: findings from the Netherlands mental health survey and incidence study},
abstract = {Seasonal variations in the prevalence of mental disorders in general population surveys have rarely been noted. Using a representative sample of the Dutch population, the authors studied the seasonality of 1-month mental disorders and gender-by-season and age-by-season interactions. Data were obtained from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study, a psychiatric epidemiologic study in which 7,076 adults aged 18-64 years were interviewed (1996) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Seasonal statistical differences were not found for the category "any diagnosis", although prevalence was higher in winter (18.1%) and lower in summer (16.0%). Seasonal variations were also not found for the main categories "mood disorders", "anxiety disorders", "substance-use disorders", "eating disorders", and "schizophrenia". Some differences were found for individual disorders, mostly anxiety. Panic disorder was more frequently reported in winter than in summer, generalized anxiety disorder more frequently in winter than in other seasons, and obsessive-compulsive disorder more frequently in autumn than in summer. Only a few gender and age differences in seasonal variation were found. The authors conclude that there are only limited seasonal variations in mental disorders in general population studies, at least in countries with a mild maritime climate. For reliable estimation of the prevalence of some disorders, these findings have implications for the design of large-scale population studies.},
affiliation = {Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands. rgraaf@trimbos.nl},
number = {7},
pages = {654--61},
volume = {162},
year = {2005},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Climate, Seasons, Health Surveys, Middle Aged, Incidence, Adult, Mental Disorders, Prevalence, Interviews as Topic, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Adolescent, Female, Chi-Square Distribution},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:37:22 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-20 19:37:22 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwi264},
pii = {kwi264},
pmid = {16120704},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/de%20Graaf-2005-Am%20J%20Epidemiol_Seasonal%20variations.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8021},
rating = {0}
}

@misc{Ark:2005b,
author = {L Andries van der Ark and K Sijtsma},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {The Effect of Missing Data Imputation on Mokken Scale Analysis},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:18 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:42:55 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Andries%20van%20der%20Ark-2005-Miscellaneous_The%20Effect%20of%20Missin.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2229},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hueston:1999p5389,
author = {W J Hueston and J Werth and A G Mainous},
journal = {Int J Psychiatry Med},
title = {Personality disorder traits: prevalence and effects on health status in primary care patients},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Previous work in an academic setting has found that scoring in the higher ranges for selected personality disorders on an objective assessment tool was associated with increases in psychiatric co-morbidities, decreased satisfaction with health care, and diminished health related functional status. This study examines how often patients in primary care practices exhibit traits consistent with these selected disorders and what impact this has on their health related functional status and use of health care resources. METHODS: Thirteen family practices agreed to distribute questionnaires to 50 consecutive patients in the spring of 1997. Questionnaires contained instruments that assess risk for personality disorders, health related functional status, health resource use, demographics, and depression. The relationships between four specific personality disorders (borderline, dependent, schizoid and schizotypal) and other assessed variables were explored. RESULTS: Of the 250 patients returning completed survey instruments, 80 (32%) scored in the high range for traits consistent with one of the four target personality disorders. Patients in the high risk group also were noted to have more outpatient, emergency, and inpatient visits in the previous six months. Those in the high risk group also had significantly lower scores on seven of eight measures of health related functional status. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who have several traits for borderline, dependent, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders are common in primary care practices. These patients utilize services at higher rates than others and are more likely to screen in the positive range for depressive symptoms and have overall lower health related functional status.},
affiliation = {University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine, USA.},
number = {1},
pages = {63--74},
volume = {29},
year = {1999},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Community Mental Health Services, Adult, Personality Disorders, Adolescent, Severity of Illness Index, Humans, Health Status Indicators, Questionnaires, Primary Health Care, Male, Aged, Health Status, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Female},
date-added = {2010-02-11 10:36:02 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-11 10:36:02 +0100},
pmid = {10376233},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5389},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kharroubi:2010p7574,
author = {Samer A Kharroubi and Anthony O'Hagan and John E Brazier},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {A comparison of United States and United Kingdom EQ-5D health states valuations using a nonparametric Bayesian method},
abstract = {Cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative medical treatments relies on having a measure of effectiveness, and many regard the quality adjusted life year (QALY) to be the current 'gold standard.' In order to compute QALYs, we require a suitable system for describing a person's health state, and a utility measure to value the quality of life associated with each possible state. There are a number of different health state descriptive systems, and we focus here on one known as the EQ-5D. Data for estimating utilities for different health states have a number of features that mean care is necessary in statistical modelling.There is interest in the extent to which valuations of health may differ between different countries and cultures, but few studies have compared preference values of health states obtained from different countries. This article applies a nonparametric model to estimate and compare EQ-5D health state valuation data obtained from two countries using Bayesian methods. The data set is the US and UK EQ-5D valuation studies where a sample of 42 states defined by the EQ-5D was valued by representative samples of the general population from each country using the time trade-off technique. We estimate a utility function across both countries which explicitly accounts for the differences between them, and is estimated using the data from both countries. The article discusses the implications of these results for future applications of the EQ-5D and for further work in this field. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley {\&} Sons, Ltd.},
affiliation = {Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, U.K.},
pages = {},
year = {2010},
month = {Mar},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-14 11:02:39 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-14 11:02:39 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.3874},
pmid = {20209481},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Kharroubi-2010-Stat%20Med_A%20comparison%20of%20Unit.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7574},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Hankins:2007p8395,
author = {Matthew Hankins},
journal = {BMC Med Res Methodol},
title = {Questionnaire discrimination: (re)-introducing coefficient delta},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Questionnaires are used routinely in clinical research to measure health status and quality of life. Questionnaire measurements are traditionally formally assessed by indices of reliability (the degree of measurement error) and validity (the extent to which the questionnaire measures what it is supposed to measure). Neither of these indices assesses the degree to which the questionnaire is able to discriminate between individuals, an important aspect of measurement. This paper introduces and extends an existing index of a questionnaire's ability to distinguish between individuals, that is, the questionnaire's discrimination. METHODS: Ferguson (1949) 1 derived an index of test discrimination, coefficient delta, for psychometric tests with dichotomous (correct/incorrect) items. In this paper a general form of the formula, deltaG, is derived for the more general class of questionnaires allowing for several response choices. The calculation and characteristics of deltaG are then demonstrated using questionnaire data (GHQ-12) from 2003-2004 British Household Panel Survey (N = 14761). Coefficients for reliability (alpha) and discrimination (deltaG) are computed for two commonly-used GHQ-12 coding methods: dichotomous coding and four-point Likert-type coding. RESULTS: Both scoring methods were reliable (alpha > 0.88). However, deltaG was substantially lower (0.73) for the dichotomous coding of the GHQ-12 than for the Likert-type method (deltaG = 0.96), indicating that the dichotomous coding, although reliable, failed to discriminate between individuals. CONCLUSION: Coefficient deltaG was shown to have decisive utility in distinguishing between the cross-sectional discrimination of two equally reliable scoring methods. Ferguson's delta has been neglected in discussions of questionnaire design and performance, perhaps because it has not been implemented in software and was restricted to questionnaires with dichotomous items, which are rare in health care research. It is suggested that the more general formula introduced here is reported as deltaG, to avoid the implication that items are dichotomously coded.},
affiliation = {King's College London, Department of Psychology (at Guy's), Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. matthew.hankins@kcl.ac.uk},
pages = {19},
volume = {7},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Quality of Life, Research Design, Psychometrics, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Biomedical Research, Questionnaires, Health Status, Reproducibility of Results, Great Britain, Selection Bias, Residence Characteristics, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity},
date-added = {2010-03-21 13:09:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-21 13:10:03 +0100},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2288-7-19},
pii = {1471-2288-7-19},
pmid = {17511862},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hankins-2007-BMC%20Med%20Res%20Methodol_Questionnaire%20discri.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p8395},
rating = {5}
}

@article{Shen:2006p4063,
author = {Ronglai Shen and Debashis Ghosh and Arul Chinnaiyan and Zhaoling Meng},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {Eigengene-based linear discriminant model for tumor classification using gene expression microarray data},
abstract = {MOTIVATION: The nearest shrunken centroids classifier has become a popular algorithm in tumor classification problems using gene expression microarray data. Feature selection is an embedded part of the method to select top-ranking genes based on a univariate distance statistic calculated for each gene individually. The univariate statistics summarize gene expression profiles outside of the gene co-regulation network context, leading to redundant information being included in the selection procedure. RESULTS: We propose an Eigengene-based Linear Discriminant Analysis (ELDA) to address gene selection in a multivariate framework. The algorithm uses a modified rotated Spectral Decomposition (SpD) technique to select 'hub' genes that associate with the most important eigenvectors. Using three benchmark cancer microarray datasets, we show that ELDA selects the most characteristic genes, leading to substantially smaller classifiers than the univariate feature selection based analogues. The resulting de-correlated expression profiles make the gene-wise independence assumption more realistic and applicable for the shrunken centroids classifier and other diagonal linear discriminant type of models. Our algorithm further incorporates a misclassification cost matrix, allowing differential penalization of one type of error over another. In the breast cancer data, we show false negative prognosis can be controlled via a cost-adjusted discriminant function. AVAILABILITY: R code for the ELDA algorithm is available from author upon request.},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA.},
number = {21},
pages = {2635--42},
volume = {22},
year = {2006},
month = {Nov},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Multivariate Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Discriminant Analysis, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Humans, Pattern Recognition: Automated, Neoplasm Proteins, Tumor Markers: Biological, Sensitivity and Specificity, Linear Models, Reproducibility of Results, Models: Genetic, Computer Simulation, Diagnosis: Computer-Assisted, Neoplasms, Artificial Intelligence},
date-added = {2010-01-19 15:47:47 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-19 15:47:47 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btl442},
pii = {btl442},
pmid = {16926220},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Shen-2006-Bioinformatics_Eigengene-based%20line.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4063},
rating = {0}
}

@book{Neisser:1988,
author = {U Neisser and E Winograd},
journal = {Book},
title = {Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional approaches to the study of memory},
year = {1988},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p986},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ericsson:1980,
author = {KA Ericsson and HA Simon},
journal = {Psychological Review},
title = {Verbal reports as data},
abstract = {Accounting for verbal reports requires explication of the mechanisms by which the reports are generated and influenced by experimental factors. We discuss different cognitive processes underlying verbalization and present a model of how subjects, when asked to think aloud, verbalize information from their short-term memory.},
pages = {215--251},
volume = {87},
year = {1980},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:34:17 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:45:50 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p949},
rating = {0}
}

@book{Goldstein:1995,
author = {H Goldstein},
journal = {Book},
title = {Multilevel statistical models},
year = {1995},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:37:35 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:41 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1102},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Devlin:2001p4964,
author = {B Devlin and K Roeder and S A Bacanu},
journal = {Genet Epidemiol},
title = {Unbiased methods for population-based association studies},
abstract = {Large, population-based samples and large-scale genotyping are being used to evaluate disease/gene associations. A substantial drawback to such samples is the fact that population substructure can induce spurious associations between genes and disease. We review two methods, called genomic control (GC) and structured association (SA), that obviate many of the concerns about population substructure by using the features of the genomes present in the sample to correct for stratification. The GC approach exploits the fact that population substructure generates "over dispersion" of statistics used to assess association. By testing multiple polymorphisms throughout the genome, only some of which are pertinent to the disease of interest, the degree of overdispersion generated by population substructure can be estimated and taken into account. The SA approach assumes that the sampled population, although heterogeneous, is composed of subpopulations that are themselves homogeneous. By using multiple polymorphisms throughout the genome, this "latent class method" estimates the probability sampled individuals derive from each of these latent subpopulations. GC has the advantage of robustness, simplicity, and wide applicability, even to experimental designs such as DNA pooling. SA is a bit more complicated but has the advantage of greater power in some realistic settings, such as admixed populations or when association varies widely across subpopulations. It, too, is widely applicable. Both also have weaknesses, as elaborated in our review.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. devlinbj@msx.upmc.edu},
number = {4},
pages = {273--84},
volume = {21},
year = {2001},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Bias (Epidemiology), Genetic Heterogeneity, Genetic Markers, Haplotypes, Reproducibility of Results, Gene Pool, Models: Genetic, Humans, Quantitative Trait: Heritable, Genomics, Analysis of Variance, Epidemiologic Studies, Case-Control Studies, Molecular Epidemiology, Genotype, Polymorphism: Genetic, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Genetics: Population, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Linkage Disequilibrium},
date-added = {2010-02-03 21:01:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-03 21:01:58 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/gepi.1034},
pii = {10.1002/gepi.1034},
pmid = {11754464},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Devlin-2001-Genet%20Epidemiol_Unbiased%20methods%20for.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4964},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sebastiani:2008p13180,
author = {Paola Sebastiani and Zhenming Zhao and Maria M Abad-Grau and Alberto Riva and Stephen W Hartley and Amanda E Sedgewick and Alessandro Doria and Monty Montano and Efthymia Melista and Dellara Terry and Thomas T Perls and Martin H Steinberg and Clinton T Baldwin},
journal = {BMC Genet},
title = {A hierarchical and modular approach to the discovery of robust associations in genome-wide association studies from pooled DNA samples},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: One of the challenges of the analysis of pooling-based genome wide association studies is to identify authentic associations among potentially thousands of false positive associations. RESULTS: We present a hierarchical and modular approach to the analysis of genome wide genotype data that incorporates quality control, linkage disequilibrium, physical distance and gene ontology to identify authentic associations among those found by statistical association tests. The method is developed for the allelic association analysis of pooled DNA samples, but it can be easily generalized to the analysis of individually genotyped samples. We evaluate the approach using data sets from diverse genome wide association studies including fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell anemia and a sample of centenarians and show that the approach is highly reproducible and allows for discovery at different levels of synthesis. CONCLUSION: Results from the integration of Bayesian tests and other machine learning techniques with linkage disequilibrium data suggest that we do not need to use too stringent thresholds to reduce the number of false positive associations. This method yields increased power even with relatively small samples. In fact, our evaluation shows that the method can reach almost 70% sensitivity with samples of only 100 subjects.},
affiliation = {Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston 02118 MA, USA. sebas@bu.edu},
pages = {6},
volume = {9},
year = {2008},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Genome: Human, Genetic Markers, Genotype, Gene Frequency, Polymorphism: Single Nucleotide, DNA, Sensitivity and Specificity, Fetal Hemoglobin, Humans, Bayes Theorem, Computational Biology, Linkage Disequilibrium, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Reproducibility of Results},
date-added = {2010-06-26 11:18:52 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-06-26 11:18:52 +0200},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2156-9-6},
pii = {1471-2156-9-6},
pmid = {18194558},
URL = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/6},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sebastiani-2008-BMC%20Genet_A%20hierarchical%20and%20m.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13180},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Steyer:2010p11156,
author = {R Steyer and K Riedl},
title = {Is it possible to feel good and bad at the same time? New evidence on the bipolarity of mood-state dimensions},
abstract = {Positively and negatively formulated items that are constructed as indicators of the same psychological construct oftentimes correlate lower than expected. In exploratory factor analyses they sometimes even have their highest loadings on separate factors and, therefore, seem to measure two different mono- polar dimensions. However, a longitudinal analysis of positively and negatively formulated items of well-being, and two other dimensions of mood state with a two-construct latent state-trait model re- veals that only the trait factors are monopolar, though highly negatively correlated; the state-residual, i.e., the deviations of the actual from habitual mood states are perfectly bipolar, i.e., they are correlated −1, if exact antonymous items are considered. It is concluded that unsystematic measurement errors, the inappropriate use of Pearson correlations instead of polychoric correlations, and systematic re- sponse styles mask the deterministic relationship between antonymous mood state self-ratings.},
date-added = {2010-04-25 19:23:58 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-04-25 19:26:20 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Steyer--_Is%20it%20possible%20to%20fe.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11156},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dudek:2006p862,
author = {Scott M Dudek and Alison A Motsinger and Digna R Velez and Scott M Williams and Marylyn D Ritchie},
journal = {Pac Symp Biocomput},
title = {Data Simulation Software for Whole-Genome Association and Other Studies in Human Genetics},
abstract = {Genome-wide association studies have become a reality in the study of the genetics of complex disease. This technology provides a wealth of genomic information on patient samples, from which we hope to learn novel biology and detect important genetic and environmental factors for disease processes. Because strategies for analyzing these data have not kept pace with the laboratory methods that generate the data it is unlikely that these advances will immediately lead to an improved understanding of the genetic contribution to common human disease and drug response. Currently, no single analytical method will allow us to extract all information from a whole-genome association study. Thus, many novel methods are being proposed and developed. It will be vital for the success of these new methods, to have the ability to simulate datasets consisting of polymorphisms throughout the genome with realistic linkage disequilibrium patterns. Within these datasets, we can embed genetic models of disease whereby we can evaluate the ability of novel methods to detect these simulated effects. This paper describes a new software package, genomeSIM, for the simulation of large-scale genomic data in population based case-control samples. It allows for single SNP, as well as gene-gene interaction models to be associated with disease risk. We describe the algorithm and demonstrate its utility for future genetic studies of whole-genome association.},
affiliation = {Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, 519 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA},
pages = {499--510},
volume = {11},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-03 18:00:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:42:21 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Dudek-2006-Pac%20Symp%20Biocomput_Data%20Simulation%20Soft.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p862},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Vrijens:2005p6956,
author = {Bernard Vrijens and Els Goetghebeur and Erik de Klerk and Richard Rode and Steve Mayer and John Urquhart},
journal = {Stat Med},
title = {Modelling the association between adherence and viral load in HIV-infected patients},
abstract = {The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of adherence to prescribed antiretroviral therapy on virologic response measured repeatedly over time in HIV-infected patients. To this end observations on plasma viral load (HIV RNA) assessed in copies/ml are categorized into four clinically meaningful states, [0--50[, [50--400[, [400--2000[, [2000 and up. A time-dependent continuation ratio model is used to analyse longitudinal ordinal responses. The main challenge lies in modelling dependencies over time and using information contained in the data efficiently to establish a dynamic relation between observed patient adherence and viral load. Among the several measures of adherence investigated, two specifically account for long periods of time without intake. One is derived from the third moment of the inter-dose interval distribution, while the second reflects internal drug exposure using pharmacokinetic parameters. The approach is applied to a clinical trial involving 35 patients who were followed over 12 months. Results demonstrate a significant relation between patient adherence and virologic response.},
affiliation = {Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ghent, Belgium. bernard.vrijens@aardex.net},
number = {17},
pages = {2719--31},
volume = {24},
year = {2005},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {HIV, RNA: Viral, Models: Statistical, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, HIV Infections, Female, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Viral Load, Patient Compliance, Longitudinal Studies, Humans},
date-added = {2010-03-06 12:24:43 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-06 12:24:43 +0100},
doi = {10.1002/sim.2130},
pmid = {16118813},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6956},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Habing:2003p13725,
author = {B Habing and L A Roussos},
journal = {Psychometrika},
title = {On the need for negative local item dependence},
abstract = {While negative local item dependence (LID) has been discussed in numerous articles, its occurrence and effects often go unrecognized. This is due in part to confusion over what unidimensional latent trait is being utilized in evaluating the LID of multidimensional testing data. This article addresses this confusion by using an appropriately chosen latent variable to condition on. It then provides a proof that negative LID must occur when unidimensional ability estimates (such as number right score) are obtained from data which follow a very general class of multidimensional item response theory models. The importance of specifying what unidimensional latent trait is used, and its effect on the sign of the LIDs are shown to have implications in regard to a variety of foundational theoretical arguments, to the simulation of LID data sets, and to the use of testlet scoring for removing LID.},
number = {3},
pages = {435--451},
volume = {68},
year = {2003},
date-added = {2010-07-11 09:10:18 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-11 09:11:27 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Habing-2003-Psychometrika_On%20the%20need%20for%20nega.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13725},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Cyr:2005p6780,
author = {A Cyr and A Davies},
title = {Item Response Theory and Latent variable modeling for surveys with complex sampling design. The case of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth in Canada},
year = {2005},
date-added = {2010-03-05 22:21:28 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-05 22:22:18 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Cyr-2005-_Item%20Response%20Theory.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p6780},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Turner:2009p7507,
author = {Dan Turner and Anne M Griffiths and A Hillary Steinhart and Anthony R Otley and Dorcas E Beaton},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Mathematical weighting of a clinimetric index (Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index) was superior to the judgmental approach},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the judgmental and mathematical approaches in weighting the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI). METHODS: The PUCAI was previously weighted mathematically using multivariate regression modeling on 157 children with ulcerative colitis (UC). Independently, a Delphi group of 36 experts in pediatric UC judgmentally provided weights to the PUCAI's items. The agreement between the tools was evaluated using the 95% limits of agreement method. Validity was assessed on a prospective cohort of 48 UC children, using three constructs: colonoscopic appearance, physician's global assessment, and the Mayo score. Responsiveness was compared on a longitudinal cohort of 75 children. RESULTS: The weights of the resulting PUCAI tools were quite similar, but the Delphi group retained the laboratory items, excluded by the mathematical modeling. This difference was reflected by the Bland and Altman method. Both tools performed equally well in the validation and responsiveness cohorts. CONCLUSION: The judgmentally weighted PUCAI had good validity and responsiveness. The mathematical weighting, however, performed just as well without the laboratory items, resulting in a more feasible index. Therefore, the mathematical modeling has proven to be superior in weighting the PUCAI.},
affiliation = {Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. turnerd@szmc.org.il},
number = {7},
pages = {738--44},
volume = {62},
year = {2009},
month = {Jul},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Severity of Illness Index, Defecation, Judgment, Colitis: Ulcerative, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Colonoscopy, Abdominal Pain, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Delphi Technique, Epidemiologic Methods, Treatment Outcome, Child, Psychometrics},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:48:24 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:48:24 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.008},
pii = {S0895-4356(08)00267-9},
pmid = {19124220},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Turner-2009-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_Mathematical%20weighti.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7507},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Balfour:2006p4540,
author = {Louise Balfour and Curtis Cooper and John Kowal and Giorgio A Tasca and Amy Silverman and Marie Kane and Gary Garber},
journal = {Can J Gastroenterol},
title = {Depression and cigarette smoking independently relate to reduced health-related quality of life among Canadians living with hepatitis C},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many people living with chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) report reduced health-related quality of life. The relative contribution of behavioural, psychosocial and HCV disease factors to reduction in HCV health-related quality of life is not well understood. The objectives of the present study were to compare standardized health-related quality of life scores between Canadian HCV patients and age-matched Canadian and American norms, and to examine the relative contribution of biopsychosocial variables (ie, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and depression) to health-related quality of life scores among Canadian HCV patients. METHODS: HCV RNA-positive patients were recruited during their first visit to the Ottawa Hospital Viral Hepatitis Clinic (Ottawa, Ontario). A questionnaire assessing health behaviours, health-related quality of life and depressed mood was completed. Data on liver studies, liver biopsy findings and HIV serostatus were also collected. RESULTS: A total of 123 participants (71% men) ranging from 20 to 67 years of age were evaluated. All had compensated liver function. Patients reported significantly lower health-related quality of life compared with age-matched Canadian and American normative samples. In a series of hierarchical multiple regression models, depression and smoking were independently related to compromised health-related quality of life scores, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and health behaviours. DISCUSSION: These results highlight the value of adopting a biopsychosocial model of HCV care. Depressed mood and smoking behaviour should be evaluated in HCV patients. Empirically validated psychological and pharmacological treatments for depression and smoking cessation may improve health-related quality of life in HCV infected patients.},
affiliation = {The Ottawa Hospital Division of Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Program, University of Ottawa, Ontario. ibalfour@ottawahospital.on.ca},
number = {2},
pages = {81--6},
volume = {20},
year = {2006},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Hepatitis C: Chronic, Male, Adult, Female, Health Status Indicators, Hepatitis C, Smoking, Canada, Humans, Depression, Health Behavior, HIV Infections, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Comorbidity},
date-added = {2010-01-29 22:29:35 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-29 22:29:36 +0100},
pmid = {16482232},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4540},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Scherag:2009p7674,
author = {Susann Scherag and Johannes Hebebrand and Anke Hinney},
journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry},
title = {Eating disorders: the current status of molecular genetic research},
abstract = {Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are complex disorders characterized by disordered eating behavior where the patient's attitude towards weight and shape, as well as their perception of body shape, are disturbed. Formal genetic studies on twins and families suggested a substantial genetic influence for AN and BN. Candidate gene studies have initially focused on the serotonergic and other central neurotransmitter systems and on genes involved in body weight regulation. Hardly any of the positive findings achieved in these studies were unequivocally confirmed or substantiated in meta-analyses. This might be due to too small sample sizes and thus low power and/or the genes underlying eating disorders have not yet been analyzed. However, some studies that also used subphenotypes (e.g., restricting type of AN) led to more specific results; however, confirmation is as yet mostly lacking. Systematic genome-wide linkage scans based on families with at least two individuals with an eating disorder (AN or BN) revealed initial linkage regions on chromosomes 1, 3 and 4 (AN) and 10p (BN). Analyses on candidate genes in the chromosome 1 linkage region led to the (as yet unconfirmed) identification of certain variants associated with AN. Genome-wide association studies are under way and will presumably help to identify genes and pathways involved in these eating disorders. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying eating disorders might improve therapeutic approaches.},
affiliation = {Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147, Essen, Germany.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Dec},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-03-15 23:46:13 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:26:12 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s00787-009-0085-9},
pmid = {20033240},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Scherag-2009-Eur%20Child%20Adolesc%20Psychiatry_Eating%20disorders%20th.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7674},
rating = {4}
}

@misc{Devroye:2007,
author = {L Devroye},
journal = {Miscellaneous},
title = {NON-UNIFORM RANDOM VARIATE GENERATION},
abstract = {This chapter provides a survey of the main methods in non-uniform random variate generation, and highlights recent research on the sub ject. Classical paradigms such as inversion, rejection, guide tables, and transformations are reviewed. We provide information on the expected time complexity of various algorithms, before addressing modern topics such as indirectly specified distributions, random processes, and Markov chain methods.},
year = {2007},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-10 11:33:25 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Devroye-2007-Miscellaneous_NON-UNIFORM%20RANDOM%20V.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2087},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Parker:2008p7895,
author = {Jennifer Parker and Ann Mitchell and Anastasia Kalpakidou and Muriel Walshe and Hee-Yeon Jung and Chiara Nosarti and Paramala Santosh and Larry Rifkin and John Wyatt and Robin M Murray and Matthew P Allin},
journal = {Brain},
title = {Cerebellar growth and behavioural {\&} neuropsychological outcome in preterm adolescents},
abstract = {Adolescence is a time of social and cognitive development associated with changes in brain structure and function. These developmental changes may show an altered path in individuals born before 33 weeks' gestation (very preterm; VPT). The cerebellum is affected by VPT birth, but no studies have yet assessed the adolescent development of this structure, or whether developmental changes in cerebellar structure are associated with cognitive and behavioural outcome. We measured cerebellar volumes on structural magnetic resonance images in 65 adolescents who were born before 33 weeks' gestation (VPT) and 34 term-born adolescents (mean age VPT = 15.09, SD = 1.43/mean age term-born = 15.43, SD = 0.56) and again in adulthood (mean age VPT = 18.61, SD = 1.02/mean age term-born = 19.17, SD = 0.95). Participants also underwent neuropsychological tests; the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test and completed the General Health Questionnaire-12. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a main effect of time-point (F = 4.59, df = 1, P = 0.035) and a time-point by group interaction (F = 8.03, df = 1, P = 0.006) on cerebellar growth. By adulthood, cerebellar volumes were 3.11% smaller in the preterm group than they had been in early adolescence (P = 0.000). Cerebellar volume did not change significantly in the control group (P = 0.612). There were significant negative correlations between change in cerebellar volume and GHQ-12 in the VPT group; total score (r = -0.324 P = 0.028) and several subscales; concentration (r = -0.378 P = 0.010), feeling useful (r = -0.311 P = 0.035), decision-making capability (r = -0.348 P = 0.018), overcoming difficulties (r = -0.331 P = 0.025), feeling confident (r = -0.309 P = 0.037) and feeling worthless (r = -0.329 P = 0.026). In the VPT group there were positive correlations between cerebellar volume and full-scale IQ (adolescence; r = 0.471, P = 0.002/adulthood; r = 0.309, P = 0.047), performance IQ (adolescence; r = 0.434, P = 0.004/adulthood; r = 0.345, P = 0.025) and verbal IQ (adolescence; r = 0.401, P = 0.008) which were not maintained after controlling for white matter volume. We have demonstrated a reduction in cerebellar volume between adolescence and young adulthood in VPT individuals, which is correlated with reduced self-reported wellbeing.},
affiliation = {King's College London, Division of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.},
number = {Pt 5},
pages = {1344--51},
volume = {131},
year = {2008},
month = {May},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Humans, Intelligence, Psychometrics, Brain Mapping, Infant: Newborn, Cerebellum, Follow-Up Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Prognosis, Cognition, Male, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Adolescent, Female, Brain, Adolescent Behavior, Infant: Premature},
date-added = {2010-03-20 19:20:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:19:01 +0200},
doi = {10.1093/brain/awn062},
pii = {awn062},
pmid = {18372312},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Parker-2008-Brain_Cerebellar%20growth%20an.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7895},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hardin:2004p13236,
author = {J Hardin and D M Rocke},
journal = {Computational Statistics},
title = {Outlier detection in the multiple cluster setting using the minimum covariance determinant estimator},
abstract = {Mahalanobis-type distances in which the shape matrix is derived from a consistent high- breakdown robust multivariate location and scale estimator can be used to find outlying points. Hardin and Rocke (http://www.cipic.ucdavis.edu/∼dmrocke/preprints.html) developed a new method for identifying outliers in a one cluster setting using an F distribution. We extend the method to the multiple cluster case which gives a robust clustering method in conjunction with an outlier identification method. We provide results of the F distribution method for multiple clusters which have different sizes and shapes.},
pages = {625--638},
volume = {44},
year = {2004},
date-added = {2010-07-01 17:45:07 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:24:31 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hardin-2004-Computational%20Statistics_Outlier%20detection%20in.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13236},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Ong:2009p11810,
author = {Siew Chin Ong and Seng Gee Lim and Shu Chuen Li},
journal = {Value Health},
title = {Reliability and Validity of a Chinese Version's Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Hepatitis B Patients},
abstract = {ABSTRACT Objectives: To culturally adapt a Chinese version of the Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (HQLQ) and assess its suitability for use in Chinese-speaking hepatitis B virus (HBV patients in Singapore. Study: Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficients. Item-to-scale correlation was assessed using Spearman's rank correlations (rho) between scale scores and their constituent items. Convergent and divergent construct validities were tested in three and two a priori hypotheses, respectively, and the correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Results: When tested in 134 HBV patients, the test-retest reliability was supported with all scales showing acceptable correlation coefficients (i.e., alpha > 0.7). Item-to-scale correlations were good with most items highly correlated with their hypothesized scales. Convergent and divergent construct validities were supported by the hypothesized correlations between the HQLQ and the EQ-5D domains. Conclusions: The culturally adapted questionnaire has good validity and reliability for use in Singapore.},
affiliation = {Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.},
pages = {},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {ENG},
date-added = {2010-05-23 10:44:14 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-05-23 10:44:14 +0200},
doi = {10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00615.x},
pii = {VHE615},
pmid = {19804432},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Ong-2009-Value%20Health_Reliability%20and%20Vali.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11810},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Kempton:2009p5835,
author = {Matthew J Kempton and Morgan Haldane and Jigar Jogia and Paul M Grasby and David Collier and Sophia Frangou},
journal = {J Neurosci},
title = {Dissociable brain structural changes associated with predisposition, resilience, and disease expression in bipolar disorder},
abstract = {Genetic factors are important in the etiology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, first-degree relatives of BD patients are at risk for a number of psychiatric conditions, most commonly major depressive disorder (MDD), although the majority remain well. The purpose of the present study was to identify potential brain structural correlates for risk and resilience to mood disorders in patients with BD, type I (BD-I) and their relatives. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 30 patients with BD-I, 50 of their first-degree relatives (28 had no Axis I disorder, while 14 had MDD) and 52 controls. We used voxel-based morphometry, implemented in SPM5 to identify group differences in regional gray matter volume. From the identified clusters, potential differences were further examined based on diagnostic status (BD-I patients, MDD relatives, healthy relatives, controls). Whole-brain voxel-based analysis identified group differences in the left hemisphere in the insula, cerebellum, and substantia nigra. Increased left insula volume was associated with genetic preposition to BD-I independent of clinical phenotype. In contrast, increased left substantia nigra volume was observed in those with the clinical phenotype of BD-I. Changes uniquely associated with the absence of a clinical diagnosis in BD relatives were observed in the left cerebellum. Our data suggest that in BD, genetic and phenotype-related influences on brain structure are dissociable; if replicated, these findings may help with early identification of high-risk individuals who are more likely to transition to syndromal states.},
affiliation = {Section of Neurobiology of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.},
number = {35},
pages = {10863--8},
volume = {29},
year = {2009},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Risk Factors, Aged, Brain, Adolescent, Adult, Young Adult, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Middle Aged, Disease Susceptibility, Bipolar Disorder, Humans, Female, Male},
date-added = {2010-02-17 10:12:51 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:52:28 +0200},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2204-09.2009},
pii = {29/35/10863},
pmid = {19726644},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5835},
rating = {0}
}

@article{LasHayas:2006p7472,
author = {Carlota Las Hayas and Jose M Quintana and Angel Padierna and Amaia Bilbao and Pedro Mu{\~n}oz and Arantza Madrazo and Bego{\~n}a Urresti and E Francis Cook},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {The new questionnaire health-related quality of life for eating disorders showed good validity and reliability},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the development and investigate the psychometric properties of a new instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for individuals with an eating disorder (ED). METHODS: Seven focus groups were convened and an extensive literature review was carried out to generate the items. The first draft of the questionnaire was pilot tested. Three hundred twenty-four ED patients took part in the final field study. The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, and two items from the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 also were applied to examine the concurrent validity. Factor analysis, item scale correlation correcting for overlap, test-retest, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, known-groups validation, and the sensitivity of the questionnaire in different populations also were examined. RESULTS: The final Health-Related Quality of Life in Eating Disorders (HeRQoLED) questionnaire consisted of 50 items. Principal axis factor analysis identified eight subscales. Concurrent validity showed correlations >.40 with the criteria measures. Excellent reliability and stability were obtained. The HeRQoLED was sensitive in discriminating both between known-different groups and from the general population. CONCLUSION: The results provide evidence of the good psychometric properties of the new HeRQoLED questionnaire, except for one domain, which had to be eliminated.},
affiliation = {Research Unit, Hospital de Galdakao, Barrio Labeaga s/n, Bizkaia, Spain, 48960. uinves3@hgda.osakidetza.net},
number = {2},
pages = {192--200},
volume = {59},
year = {2006},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Questionnaires, Attitude, Reproducibility of Results, Eating Disorders, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Quality of Life, Humans, Statistics: Nonparametric, Psychometrics, Treatment Outcome},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:45:07 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:45:08 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.06.005},
pii = {S0895-4356(05)00321-5},
pmid = {16426955},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Las%20Hayas-2006-Journal%20of%20Clinical%20Epidemiology_The%20new%20questionnair.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7472},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Sing:2005p5176,
author = {Tobias Sing and Oliver Sander and Niko Beerenwinkel and Thomas Lengauer},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
title = {ROCR: visualizing classifier performance in R},
abstract = {SUMMARY: ROCR is a package for evaluating and visualizing the performance of scoring classifiers in the statistical language R. It features over 25 performance measures that can be freely combined to create two-dimensional performance curves. Standard methods for investigating trade-offs between specific performance measures are available within a uniform framework, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) graphs, precision/recall plots, lift charts and cost curves. ROCR integrates tightly with R's powerful graphics capabilities, thus allowing for highly adjustable plots. Being equipped with only three commands and reasonable default values for optional parameters, ROCR combines flexibility with ease of usage. AVAILABILITY: http://rocr.bioinf.mpi-sb.mpg.de. ROCR can be used under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Running within R, it is platform-independent. CONTACT: tobias.sing@mpi-sb.mpg.de.},
affiliation = {Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics, Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany. tobias.sing@mpi-sb.mpg.de},
number = {20},
pages = {3940--1},
volume = {21},
year = {2005},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Software Validation, Computer Graphics, ROC Curve, Pattern Recognition: Automated, User-Computer Interface, Software, Data Interpretation: Statistical, Programming Languages},
date-added = {2010-02-08 19:23:07 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-08 19:23:07 +0100},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/bti623},
pii = {bti623},
pmid = {16096348},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Sing-2005-Bioinformatics_ROCR%20visualizing%20cl.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p5176},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Michailidis:1998p11674,
author = {G Michailidis and Jan de Leeuw},
journal = {Statistical Science},
title = {The Gifi System of Descriptive Multivariate Analysis},
abstract = {The Gifi system of analyzing categorical data through non- linear varieties of classical multivariate analysis techniques is reviewed. The system is characterized by the optimal scaling of categorical vari- ables which is implemented through alternating least squares algo- rithms. The main technique of homogeneity analysis is presented, along with its extensions and generalizations leading to nonmetric principal components analysis and canonical correlation analysis. Several exam- ples are used to illustrate the methods. A brief account of stability issues and areas of applications of the techniques is also given.},
number = {4},
pages = {307--336},
volume = {13},
year = {1998},
date-added = {2010-05-14 21:13:53 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:45:39 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Michailidis-1998-Statistical%20Science_The%20Gifi%20System%20of%20D.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p11674},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Gross:1998p1355,
author = {J J Gross},
journal = {Review of General Psychology},
title = {The Emerging Field of Emotion Regulation: An Integrative Review},
abstract = {The emerging field of emotion regulation studies how individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express them. This review takes an evolutionary perspective and characterizes emotion in terms of response tendencies. Emotion regulation is defined and distinguished from coping, mood regulation, defense, and affect regulation. In the increasingly specialized discipline of psychology, the field of emotion regulation cuts across traditional boundaries and provides common ground. According to a process model of emotion regulation, emotion may be regulated at five points in the emotion generative process: (a) selection of the situation, (b) modification of the situation, (c) deployment of attention, (d) change of cognitions, and (e) modulation of responses. The field of emotion regulation promises new insights into age-old questions about how people manage their emotions.},
number = {3},
pages = {271--299},
volume = {2},
year = {1998},
date-added = {2010-01-07 11:41:55 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-07 11:43:31 +0100},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Gross-1998-Review%20of%20General%20Psychology_The%20Emerging%20Field%20o.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1355},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Muula:2010p13417,
author = {Adamson S Muula},
journal = {AIDS Behav},
title = {Marriage, not religion, is associated with HIV infection among women in rural Malawi},
abstract = {Despite the fact that religious affiliation is almost universal in Malawi, and religious denomination could potentially influence HIV-risk behaviors, limited data exist on its role of in HIV infection in this setting. This study was conducted to assess whether religious denominational affiliation, religiosity or place of residence were associated with sexual behaviors and HIV infection among Christian women. A total of 63 of 939 women with HIV test results (6.7%) were HIV infected. There was no association between religion or frequency of church attendance and HIV infection or condom use within the current or most recent marriage. Compared to women who lived in a village which was neither the husband's village nor her own village, women living with spouse in her own village or living in a husband's village were less likely to be HIV infected.},
affiliation = {Department of Public Health, Division of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Chichiri, Zomba, Malawi. amuula@medcol.mw},
number = {1},
pages = {125--31},
volume = {14},
year = {2010},
month = {Feb},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Adult, Female, Sexual Behavior, Humans, Health Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Prevalence, Religion, Male, Marriage, Middle Aged, Decision Making, HIV Infections, Social Responsibility, Malawi, Life Change Events, Young Adult, Rural Population, Adolescent},
date-added = {2010-07-01 19:35:06 +0200},
date-modified = {2010-07-01 19:35:06 +0200},
doi = {10.1007/s10461-009-9624-0},
pmid = {19834656},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Muula-2010-AIDS%20Behav_Marriage%20not%20religi.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p13417},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Diallo:2007p2913,
author = {Jean-Simon Diallo and Abdulhadi Aldejmah and Abdelali Filali Mouhim and Benjamin P{\'e}ant and Mona Alam Fahmy and Isma{\"e}l Herv{\'e} Koumakpayi and Kanishka Sircar and Louis R B{\'e}gin and Anne-Marie Mes-Masson and Fred Saad},
journal = {Clin Cancer Res},
title = {NOXA and PUMA expression add to clinical markers in predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer patients in a survival tree model},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To assess the expression of proapoptotic NOXA and PUMA in prostate tissues and delineate their association with prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Normal, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), hormone-sensitive (HS) PCa, and hormone-refractory (HR) PCa tissues were used to build tissue microarrays encompassing a total of 135 patients. Two observers assessed the intensity of NOXA and PUMA immunohistochemical staining using a composite color scale. One hundred and eighty recursive partitioning and regression tree (RPART) models were generated to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) within HS cancer patients using NOXA, PUMA, and clinical parameters. Models were then ranked according to the integrated Brier score (IBS). RESULTS: Increasing NOXA expression was associated with PCa progression, reaching the highest levels in HR PCa. Increased NOXA expression was observed in 68% of HS cancer patients and was predictive of BCR (LR = 8.64; P = 0.003). In contrast, PUMA expression was highest in HS cancer, and although 70% of HS cancer patients exhibited increased PUMA expression, PUMA alone could not predict the onset of BCR. Interestingly, the top-ranking RPART model generated [IBS = 0.107; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.065-0.128] included surgical margin status and NOXA and PUMA expression, although recurrent prognostic classification schemes obtained in the top 10 models favored a survival tree model containing margin status, NOXA expression, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (IBS = 0.114; 95% CI, 0.069-0.142). CONCLUSION: We conclude that NOXA and PUMA expression may be linked to PCa progression and propose further validation of a survival tree model including surgical margin status, NOXA expression, and preoperative PSA for predicting BCR.},
affiliation = {Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al and Institut du Cancer de Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec, Canada.},
number = {23},
pages = {7044--52},
volume = {13},
year = {2007},
month = {Dec},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Tumor Markers: Biological, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Adolescent, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Aged: 80 and over, Microarray Analysis, Middle Aged, Cell Line: Tumor, Aged, Apoptosis, Humans, Disease Progression, Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Male, Kaplan-Meiers Estimate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Adult, Neoplasm Recurrence: Local},
date-added = {2010-01-13 21:43:15 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-13 21:43:15 +0100},
doi = {10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1224},
pii = {13/23/7044},
pmid = {18056181},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Diallo-2007-Clin%20Cancer%20Res_NOXA%20and%20PUMA%20expres.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p2913},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Haxby:2007p4795,
author = {James V Haxby and M Ida Gobbini},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
title = {The perception of emotion and social cues in faces},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
volume = {45},
year = {2007},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Cues, Social Perception, Facial Expression, Emotions, Recognition (Psychology), Humans},
date-added = {2010-02-01 20:20:54 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-01 20:20:54 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.11.001},
pii = {S0028-3932(06)00417-9},
pmid = {17109900},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Haxby-2007-Neuropsychologia_The%20perception%20of%20em.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4795},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Carter:2009p9614,
author = {R McKell Carter and Jeff J Macinnes and Scott A Huettel and R Alison Adcock},
journal = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience},
title = {Activation in the VTA and nucleus accumbens increases in anticipation of both gains and losses},
abstract = {To represent value for learning and decision making, the brain must encode information about both the motivational relevance and affective valence of anticipated outcomes. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are thought to play key roles in representing these and other aspects of valuation. Here, we manipulated the valence (i.e., monetary gain or loss) and personal relevance (i.e., self-directed or charity-directed) of anticipated outcomes within a variant of the monetary incentive delay task. We scanned young-adult participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), utilizing imaging parameters targeted for the NAcc and VTA. For both self-directed and charity-directed trials, activation in the NAcc and VTA increased to anticipated gains, as predicted by prior work, but also increased to anticipated losses. Moreover, the magnitude of responses in both regions was positively correlated for gains and losses, across participants, while an independent reward-sensitivity covariate predicted the relative difference between and gain- and loss-related activation on self-directed trials. These results are inconsistent with the interpretation that these regions reflect anticipation of only positive-valence events. Instead, they indicate that anticipatory activation in reward-related regions largely reflects the motivational relevance of an upcoming event.},
affiliation = {Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University Durham, NC, USA.},
note = {genim},
pages = {21},
volume = {3},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-03-25 14:42:19 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-25 18:17:44 +0100},
doi = {10.3389/neuro.08.021.2009},
pmid = {19753142},
URL = {http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroscience/behavioralneuroscience/paper/10.3389/neuro.08/021.2009/},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Carter-2009-Frontiers%20in%20behavioral%20neuroscience_Activation%20in%20the%20VT.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9614},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Hill:2002p9664,
author = {Elizabeth M Hill and Scott F Stoltenberg and Katherine Harris Bullard and Sheng Li and Robert A Zucker and Marget Burmeister},
journal = {Psychiatr Genet},
title = {Antisocial alcoholism and serotonin-related polymorphisms: association tests},
abstract = {Central serotonin dysfunction appears to be related to a subtype of alcoholism with antisocial impulsive features (type II; antisocial alcoholism). The serotonergic deficit may be associated with greater impulsivity, which in turn facilitates both alcohol dependence and antisocial behavior. The present study tested association of antisocial impulsive alcoholism with candidate genes related to serotonergic neurotransmission, using families. Eight markers were assayed using polymerase chain reaction: tryptophan hydroxylase (intron 7), the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 (VNTR 9/12), HTTLPR, the three serotonin receptor types HTR1B (G861C), HTR2A (T102C) and HTR2C (Cys23Ser), monoamine oxidase A (T1460C), and (CA)(n). Eligible probands had early age of onset of alcoholism, child conduct disorder, and two or more symptoms of adult Antisocial Personality Disorder. This sample included 35 probands, their parents, and some siblings (n = 116). Association tests were conducted using the Haplotype Relative Risk method for antisocial alcoholism diagnosis and the George-Elston regression method (the S.A.G.E. program ASSOC) for quantitative antisocial alcoholism severity. Haplotype Relative Risk analyses were not significant at the 0.05 level for any of the markers. Trends suggestive for future research occurred for tryptophan hydroxylase and HTR2A. Quantitative ASSOC analyses showed significant marker effects (P < 0.05) for both monoamine oxidase A markers, which were in linkage disequilibrium. Antisocial alcoholism symptom severity was higher with monoamine oxidase A C homozygotes or hemizygotes, indicating that low monoamine oxidase activity may be important. Future studies are needed to examine joint and interactive effects of serotonin-related markers.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219, USA. hillelm@udmercy.edu},
note = {genim},
number = {3},
pages = {143--53},
volume = {12},
year = {2002},
month = {Sep},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Protein Isoforms, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Nuclear Family, Introns, Monoamine Oxidase, Depressive Disorder, Female, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Alcoholism, Membrane Transport Proteins, Receptors: Serotonin, Alleles, Humans, Age of Onset, Carrier Proteins, Membrane Glycoproteins, Probability, Genotype, Male, Serotonin, Middle Aged, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Minisatellite Repeats, Polymorphism: Restriction Fragment Length, Adult, Genetic Markers, Polymorphism: Genetic},
date-added = {2010-03-25 15:03:03 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-25 18:21:15 +0100},
pmid = {12218658},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Hill-2002-Psychiatr%20Genet_Antisocial%20alcoholis.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p9664},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Yang:2009p3099,
author = {Wei Will Yang and C Charles Gu},
journal = {BMC Proc},
title = {Selection of important variables by statistical learning in genome-wide association analysis},
abstract = {ABSTRACT : Genetic analysis of complex diseases demands novel analytical methods to interpret data collected on thousands of variables by genome-wide association studies. The complexity of such analysis is multiplied when one has to consider interaction effects, be they among the genetic variations (G x G) or with environment risk factors (G x E). Several statistical learning methods seem quite promising in this context. Herein we consider applications of two such methods, random forest and Bayesian networks, to the simulated dataset for Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 Problem 3. Our evaluation study showed that an iterative search based on the random forest approach has the potential in selecting important variables, while Bayesian networks can capture some of the underlying causal relationships.},
affiliation = {Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St, Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. will@wubios.wustl.edu.},
pages = {S70},
volume = {3 Suppl 7},
year = {2009},
month = {Jan},
language = {eng},
date-added = {2010-01-14 20:18:41 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:21:18 +0200},
pmid = {20018065},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p3099},
rating = {3}
}

@article{Crane:2008p7340,
author = {Paul K Crane and Kaavya Narasimhalu and Laura E Gibbons and Dan M Mungas and Sebastien Haneuse and Eric B Larson and Lewis Kuller and Kathleen Hall and Gerald van Belle},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
title = {Item response theory facilitated cocalibrating cognitive tests and reduced bias in estimated rates of decline},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To cocalibrate the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Modified Mini-Mental State, the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, and the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia using item response theory (IRT) to compare screening cut points used to identify cases of dementia from different studies, to compare measurement properties of the tests, and to explore the implications of these measurement properties on longitudinal studies of cognitive functioning over time. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We used cross-sectional data from three large (n>1000) community-based studies of cognitive functioning in the elderly. We used IRT to cocalibrate the scales and performed simulations of longitudinal studies. RESULTS: Screening cut points varied quite widely across studies. The four tests have curvilinear scaling and varied levels of measurement precision, with more measurement error at higher levels of cognitive functioning. In longitudinal simulations, IRT scores always performed better than standard scoring, whereas a strategy to account for varying measurement precision had mixed results. CONCLUSION: Cocalibration allows direct comparison of cognitive functioning in studies using any of these four tests. Standard scoring appears to be a poor choice for analysis of longitudinal cognitive testing data. More research is needed into the implications of varying levels of measurement precision.},
affiliation = {Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. pcrane@u.washington.edu},
number = {10},
pages = {1018--27.e9},
volume = {61},
year = {2008},
month = {Oct},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Dementia, Neuropsychological Tests, Aged: 80 and over, Male, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Aged, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Psychometrics, Disease Progression},
date-added = {2010-03-10 20:23:58 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-03-10 20:33:04 +0100},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.011},
pii = {S0895-4356(07)00437-4},
pmid = {18455909},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p7340},
rating = {4}
}

@article{Evans:1998,
author = {C Evans and F Margison and M Barkham},
journal = {Evidence Based Mental Health},
title = {The contribution of reliable and clinically significant change methods to evidence-based mental healt},
abstract = {Where outcomes are unequivocal (life or death; being able to walk v being paralysed) clinicians, researchers, and patients find it easy to speak the same language in evaluating results. However, in much of mental health work initial states and outcomes of treatments are measured on continuous scales and the distribution of the "normal" often overlaps with the range of the "abnormal." In this situation, clinicians and researchers often talk different languages about change data, and both are probably poor at conveying their thoughts to patients. Researchers traditionally compare means between groups. Their statistical methods, using distributions of the scores before and after treatment to suggest whether change is a sampling artefact or a chance finding, have been known for many years.1 By contrast, clinicians are more often concerned with changes in particular individuals they are treating and often dichotomise outcome as "success" or "failure." The number needed to treat (NNT)...},
pages = {70--72},
volume = {1},
year = {1998},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:35:29 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-01-03 19:35:29 +0100},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1017},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Krueger:2002p4838,
author = {Robert F Krueger and Brian M Hicks and Christopher J Patrick and Scott R Carlson and William G Iacono and Matt McGue},
journal = {J Abnorm Psychol},
title = {Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and personality: modeling the externalizing spectrum},
abstract = {A hierarchical biometric model is presented of the origins of comorbidity among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and a disinhibited personality style. The model posits a spectrum of personality and psychopathology, united by an externalizing factor linked to each phenotype within the spectrum, as well as specific factors that account for distinctions among phenotypes within the spectrum. This model fit self-report and mother-report data from 1,048 male and female 17-year-old twins. The variance of the externalizing factor was mostly genetic, but both genetic and environmental factors accounted for distinctions among phenotypes within the spectrum. These results reconcile evidence for general and specific causal factors within the externalizing spectrum and offer the externalizing factor as a novel target for future research.},
affiliation = {Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0344, USA. krueg038@umn.edu},
number = {3},
pages = {411--24},
volume = {111},
year = {2002},
month = {Aug},
language = {eng},
keywords = {Personality, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Substance-Related Disorders, Male, Comorbidity, Interviews as Topic, Alcoholism, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Inhibition (Psychology), Diagnosis: Dual (Psychiatry), Female, Adult, Self Disclosure, Personality Assessment, Adolescent, Personality Disorders, Adolescent Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Humans, Models: Psychological, Twins},
date-added = {2010-02-01 20:23:25 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-02-01 20:23:25 +0100},
pmid = {12150417},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl/Dropbox/Papers/Krueger-2002-J%20Abnorm%20Psychol_Etiologic%20connection.pdf},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p4838},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Dalman:2001,
author = {C Dalman and HV Thomas and AS David and J Gentz and G Lewis and P Allebeck},
journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
title = {Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia. Population-based case-control study},
abstract = {Background Previous research has found an association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia, but in many studies the sample size was limited, and no assessment of specific exposures was possible. Aims To assess the role of different complications, and in particular to distinguish between disordered foetal development and hypoxia at birth. Method From the Stockholm County In-Patient Register and community registers, we identified 524 cases of schizophrenia and 1043 controls, matched for age, gender, hospital and parish of birth. Data on obstetric complications were obtained from birth records. Results There was a strong association between signs of asphyxia at birth and schizophrenia (OR 4.4; 95% C11.9-10.3) after adjustment for other obstetric complications, maternal history of psychotic illness and social class. Conclusions Signs of asphyxia at birth are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in adults.},
pages = {403--408},
volume = {179},
year = {2001},
date-added = {2010-01-03 19:36:10 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 19:22:27 +0200},
uri = {papers://58407365-8DEB-4C7D-995B-6322E39C7022/Paper/p1051},
rating = {0}
}

@article{Tuerlinckx:2006,
author = {F Tuerlinckx and F Rijmen and G Verbeke and Paul De Boeck},
journal = {British Journal of Mathematical {\&} Statistical Psychology},
title = {Statistical inference in generalized linear mixed models: A review},
pages = {225--255},
volume = {59},
year = {2006},
date-added = {2010-01-10 11:33:23 +0100},
date-modified = {2010-07-29 20:46:12 +0200},
local-url = {file://localhost/Users/chl

repository: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

repo_name: sergiud/bibtex-spirit

gha_license_id: MIT