text:
itis herpetiformis (11.5%), diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 (4.5%) and tumors (4.5%). COMPLICATIONS: Anemia and osteopenia/osteoporosis in all groups; increased number of spontaneous abortion. Four patients (4.5%) died (one from lymphoma, one with diabetes type 1, one from acute meningitis and one due to suicide). CONCLUSIONS: This experience is similar to those described in the world literature. Celiac disease presents the same characteristics independently of the geographic region. We recommend periodic evaluations, from childhood, independent of the duration of the diet. The key is to establish an interval between evaluations.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Age Distribution
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Autoantibodies/blood
Biomarkers/blood
Bone Density
Brazil
Cause of Death
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/mortality
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0004-2803},
   Accession Number = {20232004},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kotze, L. M. and Brambila Rodrigues, A. P. and Kotze, L. R. and Nisihara, R. M.},
   title = {A Brazilian experience of the self transglutaminase-based test for celiac disease case finding and diet monitoring},
   journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {15},
   number = {35},
   pages = {4423-8},
   note = {2219-2840
Kotze, Lorete Maria da Silva
Brambila Rodrigues, Ana Paula
Kotze, Luiz Roberto
Nisihara, Renato Mitsunori
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Sep 21;15(35):4423-8.},
   abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a rapid and easy fingertip whole blood point-of-care test for celiac disease (CD) case finding and diet monitoring. METHODS: Three hundred individuals, 206 females (68.7%) and 94 males (31.3%), were submitted to a rapid and easy immunoglobulin-A-class fingertip whole blood point-of-care test in the doctor's office in order to make immediate clinical decisions: 13 healthy controls, 6 with CD suspicion, 46 treated celiacs, 84 relatives of the celiac patients, 69 patients with dyspepsia, 64 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 8 with Crohn's disease and 9 with other causes of diarrhea. RESULTS: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal biopsies was performed in patients with CD suspicion and in individuals with positive test outcome: in 83.3% (5/6) of the patients with CD suspicion, in 100% of the patients that admitted gluten-free diet transgressions (6/6), in 3.8% of first-degree relatives (3/79) and in 2.9% of patients with dyspepsia (2/69). In all these individuals duodenal biopsies confirmed CD (Marsh's histological classification). The studied test showed good correlation with serologic antibodies, endoscopic and histological findings. CONCLUSION: The point-of-care test was as reliable as conventional serological tests in detecting CD cases and in CD diet monitoring.},
   keywords = {Antibodies/*blood
Brazil
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free/*adverse effects
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Family
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Male
Middle Aged
Point-of-Care Systems/standards
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Transglutaminases/*blood/immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1007-9327},
   Accession Number = {19764094},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kotze, L. M. and Nisihara, R. M. and Utiyama, S. R. and Kotze, P. G. and Theiss, P. M. and Olandoski, M.},
   title = {Antibodies anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) do not differentiate Crohn's disease from celiac disease},
   journal = {Arq Gastroenterol},
   volume = {47},
   number = {3},
   pages = {242-5},
   note = {1678-4219
Kotze, Lorete Maria da Silva
Nisihara, Renato Mitsunori
Utiyama, Shirley Ramos da Rosa
Kotze, Paulo Gustavo
Theiss, Petra Mirella
Olandoski, Marcia
Journal Article
Brazil
Arq Gastroenterol. 2010 Jul-Sep;47(3):242-5.},
   abstract = {CONTEXT: Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), considered serologic markers for Crohn's disease, were described in patients with celiac disease, disappearing after a gluten-free diet. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of ASCA positivity in patients with Crohn's disease and celiac disease in relation to healthy individuals. METHODS: A total of 145 individuals were studied: 36 with Crohn's disease and 52 with celiac disease, that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for both affections, and 57 healthy individuals for control. The celiac patients were divided as follow: group CeD I at diagnosis (n = 34), group CeD II with gluten-free diet compliance (n = 13) and group CeD III with transgressions to the diet (n = 5). ASCA IgA and IgG were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: With statistical significance, ASCA IgA were positive in Crohn's disease, celiac disease at diagnosis and celiac disease with diet transgressions; ASCA IgG in Crohn's disease and in all groups with celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of ASCA in patients with celiac disease allows to suggest that ASCA is not a specific marker for Crohn's disease, but was associated with the inflammation of the small intestine. The increased levels of positive ASCA may be due to genetic factors and increased intestinal permeability.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antibodies, Fungal/*blood
Autoantibodies/blood
Biomarkers/blood
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/immunology
Crohn Disease/*diagnosis/immunology
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin G/blood
Immunoglobulin M/blood
Male
Middle Aged
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0004-2803},
   Accession Number = {21140083},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Krifa, F. and Knani, L. and Sakly, W. and Ghedira, I. and Essoussi, A. S. and Boukadida, J. and Ben Hadj Hamida, F.},
   title = {Uveitis responding on gluten free diet in a girl with celiac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {34},
   number = {4-5},
   pages = {319-20},
   note = {Krifa, F
Knani, L
Sakly, W
Ghedira, I
Essoussi, A S
Boukadida, J
Ben Hadj Hamida, F
Case Reports
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2010 Apr-May;34(4-5):319-20. doi: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.03.006. Epub 2010 Apr 28.},
   abstract = {A 9-year old girl with a history of diabetes mellitus type 1, presented with visual loss of the left eye. The right eye examination was unremarkable. Slit-lamp examination revealed few small and fine keratic precipitates. We noted 2+ flare in the vitreous. There was no choroiditis, papillitis or retinal vasculitis. No aetiology was found. The patient was treated by topical and systemic corticosteroids without any improvement. Celiac disease was discovered by the presence of celiac antibodies in the work-up of joint pain and diabetes mellitus type 1. Antiendomysium antibodies and anti-transglutaminase antibodies were both positive. A small bowel biopsy confirmed celiac disease. A gluten free diet was set up and corticosteroids were tapered off. Recovery of the uveitis was obvious during gluten free diet and normalized within two months.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy
Child
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*complications
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Uveitis/*diet therapy/*etiology},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {20427138},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.gcb.2010.03.006},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kurppa, K. and Ashorn, M. and Iltanen, S. and Koskinen, L. L. and Saavalainen, P. and Koskinen, O. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Celiac disease without villous atrophy in children: a prospective study},
   journal = {J Pediatr},
   volume = {157},
   number = {3},
   pages = {373-80, 380.e1},
   note = {1097-6833
Kurppa, Kalle
Ashorn, Merja
Iltanen, Sari
Koskinen, Lotta L E
Saavalainen, Paivi
Koskinen, Outi
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pediatr. 2010 Sep;157(3):373-80, 380.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.070. Epub 2010 Apr 18.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To establish whether children who are endomysial antibody (EmA) positive and have normal small-bowel mucosal villous morphology are truly gluten-sensitive and may benefit from early treatment with a gluten-free diet. STUDY DESIGN: Children who were EmA positive with normal small-bowel mucosal villi were compared with children who were seropositive with villous atrophy by using several markers of untreated celiac disease. Thereafter, children with normal villous structure either continued on a normal diet or were placed on a gluten-free diet and re-investigated after 1 year. Seventeen children who were seronegative served as control subjects for baseline investigations. RESULTS: Normal villous morphology was noted in 17 children who were EmA positive, and villous atrophy was noted in 42 children who were EmA positive. These children were comparable in all measured variables regardless of the degree of enteropathy, but differed significantly from the seronegative control subjects. During the dietary intervention, in children who were EmA positive with normal villi, the disease was exacerbated in children who continued gluten consumption, whereas in all children who started the gluten-free diet, both the gastrointestinal symptoms and abnormal antibodies disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided evidence that children who are EmA positive have a celiac-type disorder and benefit from early treatment despite normal mucosal structure, indicating that the diagnostic criteria for celiac disease should be re-evaluated.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/pathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
Prospective Studies
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0022-3476},
   Accession Number = {20400102},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.070},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kurppa, K. and Collin, P. and Sievanen, H. and Huhtala, H. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life and bone mineral density in mild enteropathic coeliac disease: a prospective clinical trial},
   journal = {Scand J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {45},
   number = {3},
   pages = {305-14},
   note = {1502-7708
Kurppa, Kalle
Collin, Pekka
Sievanen, Harri
Huhtala, Heini
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010 Mar;45(3):305-14. doi: 10.3109/00365520903555879.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of coeliac disease requires small-bowel mucosal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia. However, patients with endomysial antibodies but structurally normal villi may suffer from a disorder similar to those with villous atrophy. The aim of this study was to evaluate gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life and bone mineral density in patients with mild enteropathy, and the effect of a gluten-free diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective trial was carried out in 73 adults having endomysial antibodies with normal villous morphology (Marsh I-II; mild enteropathy) or villous atrophy (Marsh III). Gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life were surveyed by means of structured questionnaires and bone mineral density by means of X-ray absorptiometry. Altogether, 110 subjects served as non-coeliac controls. RESULTS: At baseline, patients with mild enteropathy evinced more gastrointestinal symptoms than non-coeliac controls, but there were no significant differences in quality of life between the groups. After 1 year on a gluten-free diet, indigestion and depression were significantly alleviated in the mild enteropathy group. Osteoporosis or osteopenia was detected in 58% of subjects in the mild enteropathy group and there was a trend towards improved bone mineral density after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Endomysial antibody-positive patients with normal villous structure may suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms and have poor bone health. Furthermore, they benefit from a gluten-free diet similar to those with overt villous atrophy.},
   keywords = {Adult
Autoantibodies
Bone Density
Celiac Disease/*immunology/*pathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
Microvilli/immunology/*pathology
*Quality of Life
Severity of Illness Index},
   ISSN = {0036-5521},
   Accession Number = {20059405},
   DOI = {10.3109/00365520903555879},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Kurppa, K. and Collin, P. and Viljamaa, M. and Haimila, K. and Saavalainen, P. and Partanen, J. and Laurila, K. and Huhtala, H. and Paasikivi, K. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Diagnosing mild enteropathy celiac disease: a randomized, controlled clinical study},
   journal = {Gastroenterology},
   volume = {136},
   number = {3},
   pages = {816-23},
   note = {1528-0012
Kurppa, Kalle
Collin, Pekka
Viljamaa, Mervi
Haimila, Katri
Saavalainen, Paivi
Partanen, Jukka
Laurila, Kaija
Huhtala, Heini
Paasikivi, Kaija
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Gastroenterology. 2009 Mar;136(3):816-23. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.11.040. Epub 2008 Nov 24.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: The diagnostic criteria for celiac disease require small-bowel mucosal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia (Marsh III). However, mucosal damage develops gradually and patients may evince clinical symptoms before histologic changes appear. Endomysial antibodies are specific in predicting forthcoming villous atrophy. We hypothesized that patients with mild enteropathy but positive endomysial antibodies benefit from a gluten-free diet (GFD) similarly to patients with more severe enteropathy. METHODS: Small-bowel endoscopy together with clinical evaluations was performed in all together 70 consecutive adults with positive endomysial antibodies. Of these, 23 had only mild enteropathy (Marsh I-II) and they were randomized either to continue on a gluten-containing diet or start a GFD. After 1 year, clinical, serologic, and histologic evaluations were repeated. A total of 47 participants had small-bowel mucosal lesions compatible with celiac disease (Marsh III), and these served as disease controls. RESULTS: In the gluten-containing diet group (Marsh I-II) the small-bowel mucosal villous architecture deteriorated in all participants, and the symptoms and abnormal antibody titers persisted. In contrast, in the GFD group (Marsh I-II) the symptoms were alleviated, antibody titers decreased, and mucosal inflammation diminished equally to celiac controls (Marsh III). When the trial was completed, all participants chose to continue on a life-long GFD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with endomysial antibodies benefit from a GFD regardless of the degree of enteropathy. The diagnostic criteria for celiac disease need re-evaluation: endomysial antibody positivity without atrophy belongs to the spectrum of genetic gluten intolerance, and warrants dietary treatment.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Atrophy
Autoantibodies/*blood
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*immunology/*pathology
Diet, Gluten-Free
*Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Enteritis/diet therapy/immunology/pathology
Female
Histocompatibility Testing
Humans
Hyperplasia
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Intestine, Small/pathology
Lymphocytes/pathology
Male
Microvilli/pathology
Middle Aged
*Severity of Illness Index
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0016-5085},
   Accession Number = {19111551},
   DOI = {10.1053/j.gastro.2008.11.040},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Laforenza, U. and Miceli, E. and Gastaldi, G. and Scaffino, M. F. and Ventura, U. and Fontana, J. M. and Orsenigo, M. N. and Corazza, G. R.},
   title = {Solute transporters and aquaporins are impaired in celiac disease},
   journal = {Biol Cell},
   volume = {102},
   number = {8},
   pages = {457-67},
   note = {1768-322x
Laforenza, Umberto
Miceli, Emanuela
Gastaldi, Giulia
Scaffino, Manuela F
Ventura, Ulderico
Fontana, Jacopo M
Orsenigo, Maria N
Corazza, Gino R
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Biol Cell. 2010 May 26;102(8):457-67. doi: 10.1042/BC20100023.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small bowel induced in genetically susceptible subjects by gluten ingestion. Diarrhoea, weight loss and malabsorption represent the major clinical presentation of the disease. Here we examined the possible alteration in the expression and localization of water channels [AQPs (aquaporins)] and some solute transporters in duodenal mucosa of celiac disease patients. Duodenal biopsies from untreated celiacs, treated celiacs, healthy controls and disease controls were considered in the present study. The expressions of some AQPs and transporter mRNAs in human duodenal biopsies were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR) and real-time RT-PCR. The localization of AQPs 3, 7 and 10 and of SGLT1 (Na+/glucose co-transporter 1), PEPT1 (H+/oligopeptide transporter 1) and NHE3 (Na+/H+ exchanger 3) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: AQPs 3, 7, 10 and 11, SGLT, PEPT and NHE, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) and NKCC (Na-K-2Cl co-transporter) mRNAs were expressed in duodenal biopsies of healthy controls, treated celiac patients and disease controls. The expression of transcripts was virtually absent in duodenal biopsies of untreated celiac disease patients except for CFTR and NKCC. In healthy controls, immunohistochemistry revealed a labelling in the apical membrane of surface epithelial cells of the duodenum. The immunolabelling was heavily reduced or absent in untreated celiac patients, while it was normal in patients consuming a gluten-free diet for at least 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the main routes for water and solute absorption are deficient in celiac disease and may play a role in the onset of malabsorption symptoms.},
   keywords = {Aquaporins/*metabolism
Celiac Disease/*metabolism/physiopathology
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism
Duodenum/metabolism
Glutens/adverse effects
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
RNA, Messenger/metabolism
Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/*metabolism
Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/*metabolism
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/metabolism
Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2
Symporters/*metabolism},
   ISSN = {0248-4900},
   Accession Number = {20415666},
   DOI = {10.1042/bc20100023},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Langhans, W. and Leitner, C. and Arnold, M.},
   title = {Dietary fat sensing via fatty acid oxidation in enterocytes: possible role in the control of eating},
   journal = {Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol},
   volume = {300},
   number = {3},
   pages = {R554-65},
   note = {1522-1490
Langhans, Wolfgang
Leitner, Claudia
Arnold, Myrtha
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
United States
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011 Mar;300(3):R554-65. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00610.2010. Epub 2010 Dec 9.},
   abstract = {Various mechanisms detect the presence of dietary triacylglycerols (TAG) in the digestive tract and link TAG ingestion to the regulation of energy homeostasis. We here propose a novel sensing mechanism with the potential to encode dietary TAG-derived energy by translating enterocyte fatty acid oxidation (FAO) into vagal afferent signals controlling eating. Peripheral FAO has long been implicated in the control of eating (141). The prevailing view was that mercaptoacetate (MA) and other FAO inhibitors stimulate eating by modulating vagal afferent signaling from the liver. This concept has been challenged because hepatic parenchymal vagal afferent innervation is scarce and because experimentally induced changes in hepatic FAO often fail to affect eating. Nevertheless, intraperitoneally administered MA acts in the abdomen to stimulate eating because this effect was blocked by subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (21), a surgical technique that eliminates all vagal afferents from the upper gut. These and other data support a role of the small intestine rather than the liver as a FAO sensor that can influence eating. After intrajejunal infusions, MA also stimulated eating in rats through vagal afferent signaling, and after infusion into the superior mesenteric artery, MA increased the activity of celiac vagal afferent fibers originating in the proximal small intestine. Also, pharmacological interference with TAG synthesis targeting the small intestine induced a metabolic profile indicative of increased FAO and inhibited eating in rats on a high-fat diet but not on chow. Finally, cell culture studies indicate that enterocytes oxidize fatty acids, which can be modified pharmacologically. Thus enterocytes may sense dietary TAG-derived fatty acids via FAO and influence eating through changes in intestinal vagal afferent activity. Further studies are necessary to identify the link between enterocyte FAO and vagal afferents and to examine the specificity and potential physiological relevance of such a mechanism.},
   keywords = {Animals
*Appetite Regulation/drug effects
Dietary Fats/*metabolism
*Eating/drug effects
Energy Metabolism
Enteric Nervous System/metabolism
Enterocytes/drug effects/*metabolism
Fatty Acids/*metabolism
*Feeding Behavior/drug effects
Homeostasis
Humans
Intestine, Small/drug effects/innervation/*metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
*Signal Transduction/drug effects
Thioglycolates/pharmacology
Vagus Nerve/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0363-6119},
   Accession Number = {21148477},
   DOI = {10.1152/ajpregu.00610.2010},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lanzini, A. and Lanzarotto, F. and Villanacci, V. and Mora, A. and Bertolazzi, S. and Turini, D. and Carella, G. and Malagoli, A. and Ferrante, G. and Cesana, B. M. and Ricci, C.},
   title = {Complete recovery of intestinal mucosa occurs very rarely in adult coeliac patients despite adherence to gluten-free diet},
   journal = {Aliment Pharmacol Ther},
   volume = {29},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1299-308},
   note = {1365-2036
Lanzini, A
Lanzarotto, F
Villanacci, V
Mora, A
Bertolazzi, S
Turini, D
Carella, G
Malagoli, A
Ferrante, G
Cesana, B M
Ricci, C
Journal Article
England
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jun 15;29(12):1299-308. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03992.x. Epub 2009 Mar 3.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Expected benefits of gluten-free diet (GFD) in coeliac patients include healing of small intestinal mucosa, but it remains unclear to what extent this benefit is achieved in adults. AIM: To assess factors affecting histological outcome of GFD in a large cohort of adult coeliac patients. METHODS: We extracted information on 465 consecutive coeliac patients studied before and during GFD. RESULTS: Duodenal biopsies at diagnosis were classified as Marsh I in 11, II in 25 and III in 429 cases. After a median 16 months GFD, 38 (8%) patients had histological 'normalization', 300 (65%) had 'remission' with persistent intraepithelial lymphocytosis, 121(26%) had 'no change' and 6 (1%) had 'deterioration'. Coeliac disease related serology was negative in 83% of patients with Marsh III lesion during GFD. Male gender and adherence to GFD were independently associated with histological 'normalization' and 'remission'. Persistence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis was not associated with human lymphocyte antigen gene dose or with Helicobacter pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS: Complete normalization of duodenal lesions is exceptionally rare in adult coeliac patients despite adherence to GFD, symptoms disappearance and negative CD related serology. Control biopsies are mandatory to identify lack of response to gluten-free diet.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/pathology
Cohort Studies
Diet, Gluten-Free/*methods
Duodenum/*pathology
Female
Glutens/*administration & dosage
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Statistics as Topic
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0269-2813},
   Accession Number = {19302264},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03992.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Laparra, J. M. and Lopez-Rubio, A. and Lagaron, J. M. and Sanz, Y.},
   title = {Dietary glycosaminoglycans interfere in bacterial adhesion and gliadin-induced pro-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells},
   journal = {Int J Biol Macromol},
   volume = {47},
   number = {4},
   pages = {458-64},
   note = {1879-0003
Laparra, J M
Lopez-Rubio, A
Lagaron, J M
Sanz, Y
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
Int J Biol Macromol. 2010 Nov 1;47(4):458-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.06.015. Epub 2010 Jul 14.},
   abstract = {Dietary components may have an important role in maintaining a balanced gut microbiota composition. Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by gliadins, and has been associated with a reduced proportion of Bifidobacterium in gut microbiota. This study evaluates the influence of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on bacterial adhesion and their contribution in the gliadins-induced inflammatory response. The adhesion of potential probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 and Bifidobacterium bifidum CECT 7365), commensal (Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis) and pathogenic (Salmonella enterica CECT 443 and Listeria monocytogenes CECT 935) bacteria to mucin and Caco-2 cell cultures was determined. Gliadins were subjected to in vitro digestion (pepsin/pancreatin-bile), with/out GAGs, and the presence or not of cell suspensions of B. longum (10(8) CFU/ml). B. longum, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, markedly interact with the high-sulphur-containing fraction of GAGs. The GAGs reduced the gliadins-mediated production of interleukin-1beta, but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha. The results suggest that GAGs may ameliorate gliadin-induced inflammatory response, though they also slightly interfere with the action of B. longum.},
   keywords = {Animals
Bacterial Adhesion/*drug effects
Caco-2 Cells
Chemical Fractionation
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Chromatography, Reverse-Phase
*Diet
Enterocytes/*drug effects/*pathology
Fishes
Gliadin
Glycosaminoglycans/*pharmacology
Humans
Inflammation/*pathology
Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis
Plant Lectins/metabolism
Soybean Proteins/metabolism
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis},
   ISSN = {0141-8130},
   Accession Number = {20637226},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.06.015},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Latif, S. and Jamal, A. and Memon, I. and Yasmeen, S. and Tresa, V. and Shaikh, S.},
   title = {Multiple autoimmune syndrome: Hashimoto's thyroiditis, coeliac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)},
   journal = {J Pak Med Assoc},
   volume = {60},
   number = {10},
   pages = {863-5},
   note = {Latif, Shahbaz
Jamal, Ammarah
Memon, Iqbal
Yasmeen, Shagufta
Tresa, Veena
Shaikh, Sattar
Case Reports
Journal Article
Pakistan
J Pak Med Assoc. 2010 Oct;60(10):863-5.},
   abstract = {Various autoimmune diseases have association with each other but it is very rare to see multiple autoimmune diseases in one patient. Presence of more than two autoimmune diseases in one patient is known as multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). We report the case of an 11 years old girl who presented with history of swelling in front of the neck along with constipation, anorexia, weight gain and increasing pallor over a period of six months. Additionally she had an episodic history of joint pains and abdominal pain with no specific relation to diet, time, other gastrointestinal or genitourinary symptom. Hypothyroid goiter (Autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroidits) was diagnosed by raised thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), low T4 and presence of thyroid specific antibodies in blood. Patient was discharged on tablet Levothyroxine to which she responded well with reduction in size of the swelling and relief of the symptoms except for the joint pains and abdominal pain. To evaluate the persistent symptoms she was investigated further for other autoimmune diseases and was diagnosed to be having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Coeliac disease also. The final diagnosis was multiple autoimmune syndrome (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Coeliac disease and SLE).},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy
Child
Female
Hashimoto Disease/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy
Humans
Hypothyroidism/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy
Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/therapeutic use
Thyrotropin/blood
Thyroxine/therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0030-9982 (Print)
0030-9982},
   Accession Number = {21381622},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ledochowski, M. and Schroecksnadel, S. and Fuchs, D.},
   title = {Vitamin-C supplementation and coeliac disease},
   journal = {Acta Paediatr},
   volume = {99},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1756-7},
   note = {1651-2227
Ledochowski, M
Schroecksnadel, S
Fuchs, D
Comment
Letter
Norway
Acta Paediatr. 2010 Dec;99(12):1756-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01991.x. Epub 2010 Sep 6.},
   keywords = {Ascorbic Acid/*immunology
Celiac Disease/*immunology
Child
Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/immunology
Dietary Supplements
Glutens/immunology
Humans
Sweden
Th1 Cells/immunology},
   ISSN = {0803-5253},
   Accession Number = {20726851},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01991.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lee, A. R. and Ng, D. L. and Dave, E. and Ciaccio, E. J. and Green, P. H.},
   title = {The effect of substituting alternative grains in the diet on the nutritional profile of the gluten-free diet},
   journal = {J Hum Nutr Diet},
   volume = {22},
   number = {4},
   pages = {359-63},
   note = {1365-277x
Lee, A R
Ng, D L
Dave, E
Ciaccio, E J
Green, P H R
Journal Article
England
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2009 Aug;22(4):359-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2009.00970.x. Epub 2009 Jun 10.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The only treatment for coeliac disease is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Several studies have reported nutritional deficiencies in individuals on a gluten-free diet. The present study aimed to determine whether the nutritional profile of gluten-free diet could be improved through the use of alternative grains. METHODS: A retrospective review of diet history records by a celiac specialist dietitian were used to establish a 'standard' gluten-free dietary pattern. An 'alternative' gluten-free dietary pattern was developed that substituted naturally gluten-free grains or gluten-free products made from 'alternative' flours (oats, high fibre gluten-free bread and quinoa) in the standard pattern. A paired t-test was performed to identify statistical significance between the 'alternative' and standard gluten-free dietary pattern. RESULTS: Analysis of standard pattern indicated that 38% of meals and snacks contained no grain or starch choice. Of those meals that contained a grain or starch component, rice was the grain chosen 44% of the time. The inclusion of alternative grains or grain products provided a higher nutrient profile compared to the standard gluten-free dietary pattern (P = 0.002). Several nutrients; protein (20.6 g versus 11 g), iron (18.4 mg versus 1.4 mg), calcium (182 mg versus 0 mg) and fibre (12.7 g versus 5 g) were significantly increased by changing the grain or starch component in the dietary pattern. The B vitamin content (riboflavin, niacin and folate) was improved, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.125). DISCUSSION: The inclusion of alternative grain-based products increased the nutrient profile of the gluten-free dietary pattern significantly.},
   keywords = {Diet Records
*Diet, Gluten-Free/standards
Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
*Edible Grain
Humans
Nutritive Value
Retrospective Studies
Starch/*administration & dosage},
   ISSN = {0952-3871},
   Accession Number = {19519750},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-277X.2009.00970.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Leffler, D.},
   title = {By the way, doctor. I have a mild case of celiac disease. Do the villi ever recover after wheat gluten is given up? I am really tired of gluten-free food!},
   journal = {Harv Health Lett},
   volume = {35},
   number = {5},
   pages = {8},
   note = {Leffler, Daniel
Journal Article
United States
Harv Health Lett. 2010 Mar;35(5):8.},
   keywords = {*Celiac Disease
Diet, Gluten-Free
Glutens
Humans
Physicians
*Triticum},
   ISSN = {1052-1577 (Print)
1052-1577},
   Accession Number = {27023986},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Leffler, D. A. and Dennis, M. and Edwards George, J. and Jamma, S. and Cook, E. F. and Schuppan, D. and Kelly, C. P.},
   title = {A validated disease-specific symptom index for adults with celiac disease},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {7},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1328-34, 1334.e1-3},
   note = {1542-7714
Leffler, Daniel A
Dennis, Melinda
Edwards George, Jessica
Jamma, Shailaja
Cook, E Francis
Schuppan, Detlef
Kelly, Ciaran P
K23 DK082619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Dec;7(12):1328-34, 1334.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.07.031. Epub 2009 Aug 7.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although the incidence of celiac disease (CD) is increasing, studies have been hampered by the lack of validated outcome measures. We sought to create a disease-specific Celiac Symptom Index (CSI) to reliably assess relevant symptoms. METHODS: A 36-item questionnaire was created after design by an expert committee and review/revision by patient focus groups. The survey, covering domains of CD-related symptoms and general health, was initially administered to 154 individuals with biopsy-proven CD; immunoglobulin (Ig)A tissue transglutaminase titers were determined, and gluten-free diet adherence was evaluated by a dietitian. The questionnaire was then revised to exclude questions with poor test characteristics and administered to a second, independent group of 52 individuals, to ensure validity. RESULTS: The subscales of "specific symptoms" and "general health" had excellent psychometric qualities that consisted of 11 and 5 items, respectively. The additive score based on these items was correlated with current general health, as measured by a visual analog scale and short form 36 general health subscale (P < or = .001 for both), as well as degree of adherence to the gluten-free diet (P = .008), lending external validity to the CSI. The resulting 16 questions make up the first CD-specific symptom index. CONCLUSIONS: The CSI allows for disease-specific monitoring of symptoms as an independent outcome measure or as part of a surrogate for disease activity in individuals with CD. The CSI might be an important tool for future clinical CD research.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/pathology/*physiopathology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Focus Groups
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Male
Middle Aged
*Severity of Illness Index
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {19665584},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2009.07.031},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Leffler, D. A. and Dennis, M. and Edwards George, J. B. and Jamma, S. and Magge, S. and Cook, E. F. and Schuppan, D. and Kelly, C. P.},
   title = {A simple validated gluten-free diet adherence survey for adults with celiac disease},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {7},
   number = {5},
   pages = {530-6, 536.e1-2},
   note = {1542-7714
Leffler, Daniel A
Dennis, Melinda
Edwards George, Jessica B
Jamma, Shailaja
Magge, Suma
Cook, Earl F
Schuppan, Detlef
Kelly, Ciaran P
K23 DK082619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK07760/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
M01 RR01032/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 May;7(5):530-6, 536.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.12.032. Epub 2009 Jan 11.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Celiac disease is an increasingly prevalent disorder. To monitor response to treatment in clinical and research settings, it is essential to accurately measure gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence in a standardized manner. The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT). METHODS: Items and domains believed to be essential for successful GFD adherence were used to develop an 85-item survey with input from patient focus groups. The survey was administered to 200 individuals with biopsy-proven celiac disease who underwent standardized dietician evaluation (SDE) and serologic testing. RESULTS: Of the initial 85 items, 41 were correlated highly with the SDE (P < .01). Responses for all 200 participants for the 41 items were entered into a single database. Computer-generated randomization produced a derivation cohort of 120 subjects and a validation cohort of 80. By using the derivation cohort, a 7-item questionnaire was developed using logistic regression. The additive score based on these items was correlated highly with the SDE in both the derivation and validation cohorts (P < .001) and performed significantly better than immunoglobulin A tissue transglutaminase titers in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with areas under the curve of 0.830 and 0.652, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CDAT is a clinically relevant, easily administered, 7-item instrument that allows for standardized evaluation of GFD adherence and is superior to tissue transglutaminase serology. The CDAT may be useful in both research and clinical settings.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*therapy
Data Collection/*methods
*Diet, Gluten-Free
*Feeding Behavior
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Patient Compliance
Random Allocation},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {19268725},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2008.12.032},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Leffler, D. A. and Kelly, C. P.},
   title = {Celiac disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease: yet another presentation for a clinical chameleon},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {9},
   number = {3},
   pages = {192-3},
   note = {1542-7714
Leffler, Daniel A
Kelly, Ciaran P
K23 DK082619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Comment
Editorial
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Mar;9(3):192-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.11.039. Epub 2010 Dec 8.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*complications/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Gastroesophageal Reflux/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology/therapy
Humans
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {21145426},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2010.11.039},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Leon, F.},
   title = {Flow cytometry of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease},
   journal = {J Immunol Methods},
   volume = {363},
   number = {2},
   pages = {177-86},
   note = {1872-7905
Leon, Francisco
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
J Immunol Methods. 2011 Jan 5;363(2):177-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.002. Epub 2010 Sep 15.},
   abstract = {This article reviews the multiple uses of flow cytometry in the diagnosis, monitoring and research of celiac disease, the most prevalent chronic autoimmune gastrointestinal disease. The phenotyping of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is of clinical relevance in the diagnosis of the disease given the characteristic features of elevated CD3+ IELs (alphabeta and gammadelta TcR) and the decrease in CD3- IELs. IEL biomarkers are also useful in the assessment of the response to the gluten-free diet and, importantly, in the diagnosis of the severe complications of celiac disease: refractory celiac disease and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. Novel applications of flow cytometry for the detection of anti-transglutaminase antibodies (a validated biomarker of celiac disease) and of gluten (the triggering antigen of the autoimmune process) are also discussed. The assessment of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers by flow cytometry in celiac disease is performed routinely in a growing number of centers and it is an example of the versatility of this technique and its applicability to the research and clinical study of solid tissues.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*immunology/pathology
Flow Cytometry/*methods
Glutens/*immunology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*immunology/ultrastructure
Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0022-1759},
   Accession Number = {20833175},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.002},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Leonardi, S. and Vitaliti, G. and La Rosa, M.},
   title = {Recurrent febrile infections and neutropenia in a child with silent celiac disease},
   journal = {Clin Pediatr (Phila)},
   volume = {49},
   number = {2},
   pages = {146-9},
   note = {1938-2707
Leonardi, Salvatore
Vitaliti, Giovanna
La Rosa, Mario
Case Reports
Journal Article
United States
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2010 Feb;49(2):146-9. doi: 10.1177/0009922809344426. Epub 2009 Sep 8.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Today it is known that celiac disease (CD) may be silent or present with atypical extraintestinal symptoms (silent/atypical CD). CASE REPORT: The authors report the case of a 3-year-old child in whom the diagnosis of CD was made after several admissions to hospital for recurrent febrile infections and persistently moderate neutropenia. After the beginning of a gluten-free diet, we observed a remission of febrile infections and an increase in neutrophil count until it reached normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that recurrent febrile infections and moderate neutropenia be included in the diagnostic workup for atypical/silent CD in the general population.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications/*diagnosis/therapy
Child, Preschool
Fever/*etiology
Humans
Male
Neutropenia/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy
Recurrence},
   ISSN = {0009-9228},
   Accession Number = {19738183},
   DOI = {10.1177/0009922809344426},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lerner, A.},
   title = {New therapeutic strategies for celiac disease},
   journal = {Autoimmun Rev},
   volume = {9},
   number = {3},
   pages = {144-7},
   note = {1873-0183
Lerner, Aaron
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Autoimmun Rev. 2010 Jan;9(3):144-7. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.05.002. Epub 2009 May 8.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition affecting genetically susceptible individuals, characterized by inflammatory damage to the small intestine following ingestion of wheat gluten or barley and rye products. The only life-long treatment is strict gluten-free diet which is difficult personally and socially, affects quality of life, not widely available, more expensive, with lower palatability, resulting in low compliance. No doubt, there is therefore an urgent need for alternative therapeutic modalities. Based on the increasing knowledge on the sequential pathophysiological events driving the intestinal inflammatory cascade, new attractive and potential therapies were starting to immerge: selecting, changing, degrading, manipulating or binding the dietary toxic environmental factors, decreasing intestinal permeability toward gluten or blocking the deamination of gluten by inhibiting tissue transglutaminase or the HLA-DQ presenting groove by carefully designed false peptide, shifting the typical Th1 to Th2 inflammatory reaction or antagonizing major proinflammatory cytokines, enhancing regulatory immune function or developing preventive vaccines, blocking adhesion molecule, inducing gluten oral or intranasal tolerance or applying epithelial repairing mitogens to oppose the mucosal destruction. Safety, effectiveness, cost and affordability are prime issues to consider. Some modalities have shown promising results in vitro. Future will show who will win the race.},
   keywords = {Animals
Celiac Disease/economics/*immunology/pathology/*therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Glutens/*immunology
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Vaccination},
   ISSN = {1568-9972},
   Accession Number = {19427921},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.autrev.2009.05.002},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Leslie, C. and Mews, C. and Charles, A. and Ravikumara, M.},
   title = {Celiac disease and eosinophilic esophagitis: a true association},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {50},
   number = {4},
   pages = {397-9},
   note = {1536-4801
Leslie, Connull
Mews, Catherine
Charles, Adrian
Ravikumara, Madhur
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Apr;50(4):397-9. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181a70af4.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Celiac disease (CD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) are distinct disorders with specific clinico-pathological characteristics. Recent reports suggest an association between the 2. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of EE among children diagnosed with CD in our institution in the last 8 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Princess Margaret Hospital in Western Australia is the state's only pediatric referral center and the Department of Anatomic Pathology handles almost all of the pediatric gastrointestinal biopsy specimens. All of the children who had histological confirmation of CD between January 2000 and November 2007 were identified. Among this cohort, those who had concurrent esophageal biopsies performed were obtained and those with histology consistent with EE identified. The slides of all of these cases were reviewed. Case notes of children with CD and EE were reviewed for demographic details, symptoms, endoscopic findings, and follow-up data. RESULTS: Among the total of 250 children diagnosed with CD during the study period, 121 had concurrent esophageal biopsies. Ten children had histological findings consistent with EE, although only 7 had endoscopic findings suggestive of EE. Median eosinophil count in these esophageal biopsies was 52 per high power field (range 23-80). Four children had follow-up endoscopies and all 4 demonstrated recovery of duodenal mucosa but persistent esophageal eosinophilia on gluten-free diet. In 3 children resolution of EE occurred after specific treatment of EE. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EE in this cohort of children with CD is at least 4%. This is likely to be an underestimation because only 121 of 250 children had concurrent esophageal biopsies. Coexistent EE should be kept in mind in children undergoing endoscopy for suspected CD, and esophageal biopsies should be obtained, irrespective of whether esophageal mucosa appears normal or abnormal at endoscopy.},
   keywords = {Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*complications/pathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/pathology
Eosinophilia/*complications/epidemiology/pathology
Eosinophils/*metabolism
Esophagitis/*complications/epidemiology/pathology
Esophagus/*pathology
Female
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Male
Prevalence},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {19841598},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181a70af4},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Levine, A. and Domanov, S. and Sukhotnik, I. and Zangen, T. and Shaoul, R.},
   title = {Celiac-associated peptic disease at upper endoscopy: how common is it?},
   journal = {Scand J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {44},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1424-8},
   note = {1502-7708
Levine, Arie
Domanov, Svetlana
Sukhotnik, Igor
Zangen, Tsili
Shaoul, Ron
Comparative Study
Journal Article
England
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(12):1424-8. doi: 10.3109/00365520903307987.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Recently, several publications in adults have shown an increased incidence of non-Helicobacter pylori (HP), non-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) peptic disease (PD). There are only a few case reports linking celiac disease (CD) to PD. We therefore aimed to review our experience of CD presenting with PD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all the endoscopies performed for children and young adults diagnosed with CD between 1 January, 2004 and 31 October, 2008. The diagnosis of CD was based on accepted guidelines. Patients with a doubtful diagnosis of CD were excluded. RESULTS: We had 240 patients with the diagnosis of CD. We had 29 (12.0%) patients [15 males (52%), 14 females (48%)] for whom the diagnosis of PD was ascertained. The age range was 1-50 years (mean 16.9 +/- 12.1 years). Twenty-three of the 29 patients (79%) were HP-negative. Duodenal PD was noted in 22 patients (76%) and 16 (73%) were HP-negative. Gastric PD was noted in eight patients (28%) and 7 (87%) were HP-negative. The PD group was significantly older at diagnosis (p < 0.001) compared to the whole CD group. CONCLUSIONS: PD is not uncommon in the presentation of CD. It is more likely to be found in the second decade of life. CD should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with non-HP PD and we suggest routine CD serology and small bowel biopsy in patients with unexplained PD.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy/drug therapy/epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Drug Therapy, Combination
Duodenal Ulcer/diagnosis
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Female
Gastric Mucosa/pathology
Helicobacter Infections/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy/drug
therapy/epidemiology
*Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification
Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Intestine, Small/pathology
Israel/epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Peptic Ulcer/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy/drug
therapy/epidemiology/microbiology
Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Ranitidine/therapeutic use
Retrospective Studies
Stomach Ulcer/diagnosis
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0036-5521},
   Accession Number = {19883278},
   DOI = {10.3109/00365520903307987},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lewis, N. R. and Sanders, D. S. and Logan, R. F. and Fleming, K. M. and Hubbard, R. B. and West, J.},
   title = {Cholesterol profile in people with newly diagnosed coeliac disease: a comparison with the general population and changes following treatment},
   journal = {Br J Nutr},
   volume = {102},
   number = {4},
   pages = {509-13},
   note = {1475-2662
Lewis, Nina R
Sanders, David S
Logan, Richard F A
Fleming, Kate M
Hubbard, Richard B
West, Joe
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Br J Nutr. 2009 Aug;102(4):509-13. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509297248.},
   abstract = {Recent studies have suggested that untreated coeliac disease is associated with lower total cholesterol than in the general population while the effect of treatment with a gluten-free diet on the cholesterol profile of clinically apparent coeliac disease is not known. We measured the cholesterol profile at diagnosis, and compared this with Health Survey for England figures, and again following 12 months treatment with a gluten-free diet in 100 consecutive adults with coeliac disease attending the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. The mean total cholesterol was 4.84 (SD 1.2) mmol/l in adults (mean age 51 (SD 16) years) newly diagnosed with coeliac disease. At diagnosis of coeliac disease, men had 21% lower and women had 9% lower mean total cholesterol in comparison to the general population (difference in age-adjusted mean total cholesterol -1.09 mmol/l (95% CI -0.97, - 1.21); -0.46 mmol/l (95% CI -0.24, -0.68), respectively). There was no change in mean total cholesterol following treatment. However, there was a small but statistically significant increase of 0.12 mmol/l (95% CI 0.05, 0.18) in the mean HDL-cholesterol. Total cholesterol was lower at diagnosis in coeliac patients than in the general population and did not increase with 1 year of a gluten-free diet while HDL-cholesterol increased following treatment. Any increase in risk of IHD or stroke in people with coeliac disease is unlikely due to an adverse cholesterol profile either before diagnosis or after treatment with a gluten-free diet.},
   keywords = {Adult
Biomarkers/blood
Celiac Disease/*blood/*diet therapy
Cholesterol/*blood
Cholesterol, HDL/blood
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Prospective Studies
Triglycerides/blood},
   ISSN = {0007-1145},
   Accession Number = {19660152},
   DOI = {10.1017/s0007114509297248},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lim, E. J. and Watson, K.},
   title = {Unmasking of coeliac disease on interferon treatment for hepatitis C},
   journal = {Intern Med J},
   volume = {40},
   number = {1},
   pages = {85-7},
   note = {1445-5994
Lim, E J
Watson, K
Case Reports
Letter
Australia
Intern Med J. 2010 Jan;40(1):85-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02087.x.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/*diet therapy/drug therapy
Diagnosis, Differential
Diet, Gluten-Free/methods
Female
Hepatitis C/*diagnosis/drug therapy
Humans
Interferons/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Middle Aged
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {1444-0903},
   Accession Number = {20561373},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02087.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lindfors, K. and Kaukinen, K. and Maki, M.},
   title = {A role for anti-transglutaminase 2 autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease?},
   journal = {Amino Acids},
   volume = {36},
   number = {4},
   pages = {685-91},
   note = {1438-2199
Lindfors, K
Kaukinen, K
Maki, M
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Austria
Amino Acids. 2009 Apr;36(4):685-91. doi: 10.1007/s00726-008-0127-5. Epub 2008 Jul 2.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease is an autoimmune-mediated disorder with both innate and adaptive immune components. The disease is triggered by dietary gluten, which provokes the development of a massive immune reaction leading to the destruction of the small-intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal dysfunction. Besides the typical small-bowel symptoms extraintestinal manifestations may also arise in a subset of coeliac disease patients. In addition, gluten evokes the production of antibodies mainly targeting deamidated gluten peptides or transglutaminase 2. Although coeliac disease has traditionally been regarded as a T cell-mediated disorder, this review discusses the role of the gluten-induced disease-specific anti-transglutaminase 2-autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of the disease.},
   keywords = {Autoantibodies/*immunology/pharmacology
Celiac Disease/chemically induced/*immunology/pathology
GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*immunology
Glutens/adverse effects/immunology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
Transglutaminases/antagonists & inhibitors/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0939-4451},
   Accession Number = {18594945},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00726-008-0127-5},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lindfors, K. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Transglutaminase 2-targeted autoantibodies in celiac disease: Pathogenetic players in addition to diagnostic tools?},
   journal = {Autoimmun Rev},
   volume = {9},
   number = {11},
   pages = {744-9},
   note = {1873-0183
Lindfors, Katri
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Netherlands
Autoimmun Rev. 2010 Sep;9(11):744-9. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.06.003. Epub 2010 Jun 12.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease comprises intolerance against dietary gluten present in wheat, rye and barley, and it belongs to the most common food-related life-long disorders in Western countries. Nowadays celiac disease is conceived as an autoimmune-mediated systemic disorder commonly presenting as enteropathy in genetically susceptible individuals. The most obvious feature distinguishing celiac disease from other small-intestinal enteropathies is the presence of autoantibodies against transglutaminase 2 (TG2) during a gluten-containing diet. The gluten-derived gliadin peptides and the self, TG2, have established and well-accepted role in celiac disease pathogenesis. TG2 is known to deamidate, and crosslink gluten-derived gliadin peptides to itself, thereby favoring disease progression. The celiac disease-specific TG2-targeted autoantibodies are deposited in the small-bowel mucosa as well as in other tissues, and interestingly, extraintestinal manifestations of the disease involving these particular tissues have been reported. As the TG2-targeted autoantibodies have experimentally been shown to modulate the function of different cell types in vitro similarly to what has been reported to occur in untreated celiac disease, they could constitute an important contribution to disease progression. In this review we discuss the role of TG2, the autoantigen and the autoantibodies targeted against it in the pathogenesis of celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Animals
Autoantibodies/*immunology
Autoantigens/*immunology
Autoimmune Diseases/enzymology/genetics/*immunology/pathology
Celiac Disease/enzymology/genetics/*immunology/pathology
GTP-Binding Proteins/*immunology/metabolism
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Gliadin/*immunology
Glutens/adverse effects/immunology/metabolism
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/immunology
Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/pathology
Intestine, Small/immunology/pathology/physiopathology
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
Transglutaminases/*immunology/metabolism},
   ISSN = {1568-9972},
   Accession Number = {20547248},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.autrev.2010.06.003},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lindfors, K. and Suzuki, H. and Novak, J. and Collin, P. and Saavalainen, P. and Koskinen, L. L. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K.},
   title = {Galactosylation of serum IgA1 O-glycans in celiac disease},
   journal = {J Clin Immunol},
   volume = {31},
   number = {1},
   pages = {74-9},
   note = {1573-2592
Lindfors, Katri
Suzuki, Hitoshi
Novak, Jan
Collin, Pekka
Saavalainen, Paivi
Koskinen, Lotta L E
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
DK071802/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK077279/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK078244/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK080301/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK082753/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
DK083663/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
J Clin Immunol. 2011 Feb;31(1):74-9. doi: 10.1007/s10875-010-9473-7. Epub 2010 Oct 12.},
   abstract = {In celiac disease, gluten ingestion provokes small-bowel mucosal injury and production of IgA autoantibodies against transglutaminase 2 (TG2). It has been suggested that in celiac patients IgA could mediate the transepithelial passage of gluten peptides in a mechanism involving the transferrin receptor. As IgA1 with galactose-deficient O-linked glycans has elevated affinity for the transferrin receptor, we assessed whether total serum IgA1 and IgA1 anti-TG2 autoantibodies in celiac patients are aberrantly glycosylated. We report that males with celiac disease have higher total serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 than non-celiac males. Furthermore, O-glycans of the disease-specific TG2 IgA1 autoantibodies in celiac patients exhibited elevated galactose deficiency. A gluten-free diet had no effect on the total serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1, whereas the amount of galactose-deficient anti-TG2 IgA1 decreased. Thus, the undergalactosylated IgA1 molecules are not pathognomonic for celiac disease, but galactose deficiency in IgA1 could be an aggravating factor.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Autoantibodies/blood
Celiac Disease/*immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
GTP-Binding Proteins/immunology
Galactose/deficiency/*metabolism
Glycosylation
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*blood/*chemistry/metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Polysaccharides/*chemistry/immunology
Transglutaminases/immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0271-9142},
   Accession Number = {20938724},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10875-010-9473-7},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lindgren, A. and Kilander, A.},
   title = {[Strongly increased prevalence of celiac disease. Drug treatment regimes might substitute gluten-free diet]},
   journal = {Lakartidningen},
   volume = {106},
   number = {41},
   pages = {2612-5},
   note = {Lindgren, Anders
Kilander, Anders
Journal Article
Review
Sweden
Lakartidningen. 2009 Oct 7-13;106(41):2612-5.},
   keywords = {Adult
Antibodies/blood
Biomarkers/blood
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology
Child
Diet, Gluten-Free
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology
Gliadin/immunology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Myosins/immunology
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Sensitivity and Specificity
Transglutaminases/immunology},
   ISSN = {0023-7205 (Print)
0023-7205},
   Accession Number = {19927926},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lionetti, E. and Francavilla, R. and Maiuri, L. and Ruggieri, M. and Spina, M. and Pavone, P. and Francavilla, T. and Magista, A. M. and Pavone, L.},
   title = {Headache in pediatric patients with celiac disease and its prevalence as a diagnostic clue},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {49},
   number = {2},
   pages = {202-7},
   note = {1536-4801
Lionetti, Elena
Francavilla, Ruggiero
Maiuri, Luigi
Ruggieri, Martino
Spina, Massimo
Pavone, Piero
Francavilla, Teresa
Magista, Anna Maria
Pavone, Lorenzo
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Aug;49(2):202-7. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818f6389.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of headache in children with celiac disease (CD), the response to a gluten-free diet, and the prevalence of CD in children affected by headache. METHODS: This hospital-based study included 2 steps. In the retrospective part, 354 children with CD answered a questionnaire investigating the presence of headache before and after the gluten-free diet. The same questionnaire was administered to 200 healthy children matched for sex and age. In the prospective part, 79 children affected by headache were screened for CD by antitransglutaminase IgA. Diagnosis of CD was confirmed by duodenal biopsy; before starting a gluten-free diet patients underwent a brain positron emission tomography study. After 6 months of follow-up children were reevaluated for the presence of headache. RESULTS: Overall, 88 patients with CD complained of headaches before the diagnosis of CD as compared with 16 in the control group (24.8% vs 8%, P < 0.001). After the institution of a gluten-free diet, the headaches significantly improved in 68 children (77.3%), of whom 24 (27.3%) were headache-free during the study period. Four of 79 (5%) headache patients were found to have CD compared with 0.6% of the general population (P = 0.005). The brain positron emission tomography studies did not show any anomalies. During the follow-up, headaches improved in all 4 children with CD. CONCLUSIONS: We recorded -- in our geographical area -- a high frequency of headaches in patients with CD and vice versa with a beneficial effect of a gluten-free diet. Screening for CD could be advised in the diagnostic work-up of patients with headache.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/diet therapy
Child
Child, Preschool
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/pathology
Female
Headache/epidemiology/*etiology
Health Surveys
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Male
Prevalence
Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies
Surveys and Questionnaires},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {19543115},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818f6389},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lionetti, E. and Francavilla, R. and Pavone, P. and Pavone, L. and Francavilla, T. and Pulvirenti, A. and Giugno, R. and Ruggieri, M.},
   title = {The neurology of coeliac disease in childhood: what is the evidence? A systematic review and meta-analysis},
   journal = {Dev Med Child Neurol},
   volume = {52},
   number = {8},
   pages = {700-7},
   note = {1469-8749
Lionetti, Elena
Francavilla, Ruggiero
Pavone, Piero
Pavone, Lorenzo
Francavilla, Teresa
Pulvirenti, Alfredo
Giugno, Rosalba
Ruggieri, Martino
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Review
England
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010 Aug;52(8):700-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03647.x. Epub 2010 Mar 19.},
   abstract = {AIM: The aim of this article was to review and conduct a meta-analysis of the paediatric literature on the neurology of coeliac disease. METHOD: We conducted a review of paediatric studies published in English assessing neurological illness in coeliac disease identified through a MEDLINE search (1950-2009). Calculation of computed relative risk, odds ratio, and risk difference was performed using the fixed effect method if applicable. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were analysed (11 772 participants). The meta-analysis showed that (1) the relative risk of epilepsy in individuals with coeliac disease, and of coeliac disease in individuals with epilepsy, compared with the general population, was 2.1 and 1.7, respectively, and the risk difference was close to zero, indicating that it was probably a chance association; and (2) the relative risk of headache in individuals with the disease compared with comparison groups was 3.2. In two studies, cerebellar ataxia was documented in 2.7 to 5.4% of participants; in two further studies, the risk of cerebellar dysfunction was zero. Two studies found an association between coeliac disease and peripheral neuropathy. Brain white matter lesions were recorded in two other studies. An association between autism and coeliac disease is disputed. Interpretation Children with coeliac disease are at risk of developing neurological complications, but the risk is lower than in adulthood. The discrepancy might be due to short disease duration, early elimination of gluten from the diet, stricter adherence to diet, or different susceptibility to immune-mediated disorders.},
   keywords = {Autistic Disorder/epidemiology
Brain/physiopathology
Brain Diseases/epidemiology
*Celiac Disease/diet therapy/epidemiology/metabolism
Cerebellar Ataxia/epidemiology/metabolism/physiopathology
Child
Comorbidity
Epilepsy/epidemiology/physiopathology
Glutens/metabolism
Headache/epidemiology
Humans
Patient Compliance
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology/physiopathology
Prevalence
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/epidemiology
Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology},
   ISSN = {0012-1622},
   Accession Number = {20345955},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03647.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Liu, H. and Brais, R. and Lavergne-Slove, A. and Jeng, Q. and Payne, K. and Ye, H. and Liu, Z. and Carreras, J. and Huang, Y. and Bacon, C. M. and Hamoudi, R. A. and Save, V. and Venkatraman, L. and Isaacson, P. G. and Woodward, J. and Du, M. Q.},
   title = {Continual monitoring of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype and clonality is more important than snapshot analysis in the surveillance of refractory coeliac disease},
   journal = {Gut},
   volume = {59},
   number = {4},
   pages = {452-60},
   note = {1468-3288
Liu, H
Brais, R
Lavergne-Slove, A
Jeng, Q
Payne, K
Ye, H
Liu, Z
Carreras, J
Huang, Y
Bacon, C M
Hamoudi, R A
Save, V
Venkatraman, L
Isaacson, P G
Woodward, J
Du, M-Q
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Gut. 2010 Apr;59(4):452-60. doi: 10.1136/gut.2009.186007. Epub 2009 Dec 8.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: An aberrant immunophenotype and monoclonality of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are frequently found in refractory coeliac disease (RCD). However, the utility of continual monitoring of IEL immunophenotype and clonality in the surveillance of RCD remains to be studied. DESIGN: The diagnostic and follow-up biopsies from 33 patients with CD, 7 with suspected RCD, 41 with RCD and 20 with enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) (including 11 evolved from RCD) were investigated by CD3epsilon/CD8 double immunohistochemistry and PCR-based clonality analysis of the rearranged T cell receptor (TCR) genes. RESULTS: An aberrant immunophenotype (CD3epsilon(+)CD8(-) IELs > or =40%) and monoclonality were detected occasionally in CD biopsies, either transiently in patients with CD not compliant with a gluten-free diet or in those who subsequently developed suspected RCD, RCD or EATL. In contrast, the aberrant immunophenotype and monoclonality were found in 30 of 41 (73%) and 24 of 37 (65%) biopsies, respectively, at the time of RCD diagnosis. Among the patients with RCD who did not show these abnormalities in their diagnostic biopsies, 8 of 10 (80%) and 5 of 11 (45%) cases gained an aberrant immunophenotype and monoclonality, respectively, during follow-up. Irrespective of whether detected in diagnostic or follow-up biopsies, persistence of both abnormalities was characteristic of RCD. Importantly, the presence of concurrent persistent monoclonality and aberrant immunophenotype, especially > or =80% CD3epsilon(+)CD8(-) IELs, was a strong predictor of EATL development in patients with RCD (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Continual monitoring of both immunophenotype and clonality of IELs is more important than snapshot analysis for RCD diagnosis and follow-up, and could provide a useful tool for surveillance of patients at risk of EATL.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Celiac Disease/complications/*immunology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Immunity, Mucosal
Immunophenotyping
Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology
Intestinal Neoplasms/etiology/immunology
Lymphoma, T-Cell/etiology/immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Population Surveillance/methods
Stem Cells/immunology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0017-5749},
   Accession Number = {19996326},
   DOI = {10.1136/gut.2009.186007},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Liwanpo, L. and Hershman, J. M.},
   title = {Conditions and drugs interfering with thyroxine absorption},
   journal = {Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab},
   volume = {23},
   number = {6},
   pages = {781-92},
   note = {1878-1594
Liwanpo, Llanyee
Hershman, Jerome M
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;23(6):781-92. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.06.006.},
   abstract = {Food, dietary fibre and espresso coffee interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine. Malabsorptive disorders reported to affect the absorption of levothyroxine include coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lactose intolerance as well as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and atrophic gastritis. Many commonly used drugs, such as bile acid sequestrants, ferrous sulphate, sucralfate, calcium carbonate, aluminium-containing antacids, phosphate binders, raloxifene and proton-pump inhibitors, have also been shown to interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine.},
   keywords = {Aluminum Hydroxide/adverse effects
Animals
Antacids/adverse effects
Biological Availability
Calcium Carbonate/adverse effects
Celiac Disease/physiopathology
Coffee/adverse effects
Dietary Fiber/adverse effects
Drug Interactions
Female
Food
Gastritis, Atrophic/physiopathology
Helicobacter Infections/physiopathology
Humans
Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects
Lactose Intolerance/physiopathology
Malabsorption Syndromes/physiopathology
Thyroxine/*pharmacokinetics},
   ISSN = {1521-690x},
   Accession Number = {19942153},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.beem.2009.06.006},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lodha, A. and Haran, M. and Hollander, G. and Frankel, R. and Shani, J.},
   title = {Celiac disease associated with dilated cardiomyopathy},
   journal = {South Med J},
   volume = {102},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1052-4},
   note = {1541-8243
Lodha, Ankur
Haran, Mehandi
Hollander, Gerald
Frankel, Robert
Shani, Jacob
Case Reports
Journal Article
United States
South Med J. 2009 Oct;102(10):1052-4. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b64dd9.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is an intestinal disorder caused by an immunologic response to gluten, which results in diffuse damage to the proximal small intestinal mucosa with malabsorption of nutrients. An association between celiac disease and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy has been noted. Cardiomyopathy has been shown to improve in some patients on a gluten-free diet. We report a case of progressively worsening dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with documented celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Anemia/etiology/therapy
Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/*complications/diagnosis
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/diet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Echocardiography
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Patient Compliance
Stroke Volume},
   ISSN = {0038-4348},
   Accession Number = {19738524},
   DOI = {10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181b64dd9},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Logan, R. F.},
   title = {Malignancy in unrecognised coeliac disease: a nail in the coffin for mass screening?},
   journal = {Gut},
   volume = {58},
   number = {5},
   pages = {618-9},
   note = {1468-3288
Logan, Richard F A
Comment
Journal Article
England
Gut. 2009 May;58(5):618-9. doi: 10.1136/gut.2008.161182.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/diet therapy
Early Detection of Cancer
Humans
Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis/*etiology
Mass Screening
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Risk Factors},
   ISSN = {0017-5749},
   Accession Number = {19359431},
   DOI = {10.1136/gut.2008.161182},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lombardi, F. and Franzese, A. and Iafusco, D. and del Puente, A. and Esposito, A. and Prisco, F. and Troncone, R. and Valerio, G.},
   title = {Bone involvement in clusters of autoimmune diseases: just a complication?},
   journal = {Bone},
   volume = {46},
   number = {2},
   pages = {551-5},
   note = {1873-2763
Lombardi, Francesca
Franzese, Adriana
Iafusco, Dario
del Puente, Antonio
Esposito, Antonella
Prisco, Francesco
Troncone, Riccardo
Valerio, Giuliana
Journal Article
United States
Bone. 2010 Feb;46(2):551-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.034. Epub 2009 Oct 6.},
   abstract = {Bone loss, described in individual groups of patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) or celiac disease (CD) is usually viewed as a complication of these diseases. There is increasing evidence that alterations in the immune system may directly affect bone mass. Clustering of autoimmune diseases in the same individual might predispose to higher risk of osteopenia due to imbalance in immune regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone involvement in clusters of the most common autoimmune diseases (T1D, ATD and CD) in children. The study was performed at a tertiary care center for the care of pediatric diabetes. One-hundred-two patients with T1D alone or associated with ATD and/or CD were studied; 13 patients had cluster of three autoimmune diseases. Amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) was measured by phalangeal quantitative ultrasound and expressed as standard deviation score (SDS). AD-SoS SDS < -2 was considered indicative of osteopenia. Osteopenia was equally distributed among children with T1D alone (8.1%), T1D associated with ATD (7.7%) or CD (10.3%), while it was 53.8% in patients presenting with three autoimmune diseases. Poor compliance to gluten-free diet increased osteopenia to 18.8% in patients with T1D and CD and 80% in patients with three autoimmune disorders. No difference among groups was found with regard to gluco-metabolic control, calcium metabolism, thyroid function. In conclusion bone impairment in multiple autoimmune diseases might be considered not only a complication due to endocrine or nutritional mechanisms, but also a consequence of an immunoregulatory imbalance. Alterations of homeostatic mechanisms might explain an imbalance of osteoclast activity leading to osteopenia.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Autoimmune Diseases/*complications
Bone Diseases/*complications
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/complications
Celiac Disease/complications
Child
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
Female
Humans
Male},
   ISSN = {1873-2763},
   Accession Number = {19815104},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.034},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lopez Gutierrez, S. and Pavia Sesma, C.},
   title = {[Continuous glucose monitoring using the Glucoday system, in children and adolescents who have type one diabetes]},
   journal = {Rev Enferm},
   volume = {33},
   number = {10},
   pages = {42-7},
   note = {Lopez Gutierrez, Sonia
Pavia Sesma, Carlos
English Abstract
Journal Article
Spain
Rev Enferm. 2010 Oct;33(10):42-7.},
   abstract = {At present times, Continuous Glucose Monitoring is a recommended method to detect glucemia fluctuations in patients who have diabetes, due to the fine correlation between interstitial glucose and capillary glucemia. The objective of this project is obtain a glucose register during a 48 hour period in a group of Type I diabetes patients who have an irregular metabolic control and to evaluate effectiveness of treatment employed, as well as evaluating compliance of the therapeutic norms established for each patient. At the same time, the authors plan to test the usefulness of a graphical register for diabetic education. After applying an anesthetic cream in the lateral umbilical zone, a subcutaneous catheter connected to a GLUCODAY, Menarini Diagnostics glucose sensor is inserted which, by means of a continuous sequence taking measures in interstitial liquid, registers a value every three minutes for as long as this connection is maintained. After a maximum 48 hour period, data are transferred to a computer and by means of the corresponding computer program, a graphic register for each patient is produced. Informed consent has been obtained from each patient. There were 23 patients in this study group, each diagnosed to have Type I diabetes; eight of these patients, two girls and six boys, were pre-puberty aged while 15, six girls and nine boys, were adolescents. Two of the pre-puberty patients had pathological antecedents, in one case celiac and the other thyroid disease. Two of the puberty aged patients had a history of chronic lymphocytic thyroid disease under opo-therapeutic treatment. Individual analysis of each case permits health professionals to detect a series of facts: it is difficult to comply with glucemic objectives in this group of adolescents having diabetes, with insulin treatment installed and researchers detect postprandial hyper-glucemia which do not appear when using capillary glucemias carried out by habitual methods. Study observations manifest a lack of compliance in indicated agreed upon schedules and researchers detect dietary transgressions. Continuous Glucose Monitoring makes it possible to obtain a graphic which can include those incidences which have occurred, facilitate commenting on the errors detected with adolescent patients and permit proposing a series of therapeutic modifications based on concrete, real data. Continuous Glucose Monitoring promises to be a useful tool to educate patients about diabetes.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Blood Glucose/*analysis
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/*instrumentation
Child
Child, Preschool
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*blood
Equipment Design
Female
Humans
Male},
   ISSN = {0210-5020 (Print)
0210-5020},
   Accession Number = {21137523},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ludvigsson, J. F. and Brandt, L. and Montgomery, S. M.},
   title = {Symptoms and signs in individuals with serology positive for celiac disease but normal mucosa},
   journal = {BMC Gastroenterol},
   volume = {9},
   pages = {57},
   note = {1471-230x
Ludvigsson, Jonas F
Brandt, Lena
Montgomery, Scott M
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
BMC Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul 22;9:57. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-9-57.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Antibody serology is an important tool in the investigation of celiac disease (CD), but does not always correlate with mucosal appearance in the small intestine. Patients with positive CD serology but normal mucosa (Marsh 0) are at increased risk of future CD. In this study we describe a model for identifying and characterizing individuals with normal mucosa but positive CD serology. Such individuals are sometimes referred to as having latent CD. METHODS: The records of ten Swedish pathology departments were used to identify individuals with biopsies indicating normal duodenal/jejunal mucosa. Using the national personal identification number, these data were linked with CD serology data (antigliadin, antiendomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibodies); and we thereby identified 3,736 individuals with normal mucosa but positive CD serology. Two independent reviewers then manually reviewed their biopsy reports to estimate comorbidity. We also randomly selected 112 individuals for validation through patient chart review. RESULTS: The majority of the 3,736 individuals were females (62%). Children (0-15 years) made up 21.4%. The median number of biopsy specimen was 3. Our review of biopsy reports found that other gastrointestinal comorbidity was rare (inflammatory bowel disease: 0.4%; helicobacter pylori infection: 0.2%). Some 22% individuals selected for patient chart review had a relative with CD. The most common symptoms among these individuals were diarrhea (46%) and abdominal pain (45%), while 26% had anemia. Although 27% of the individuals selected for validation had been informed about gluten-free diet, only 13% were adhering to a gluten-free diet at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Individuals with positive CD serology but normal mucosa often have CD-like symptoms and a family history of CD.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*blood
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*immunology/*pathology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/pathology
Female
Gliadin/*immunology
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology
Jejunum/pathology
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Sweden
Transglutaminases/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1471-230x},
   Accession Number = {19624815},
   DOI = {10.1186/1471-230x-9-57},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lukic, M. and Segec, A. and Segec, I. and Pinotic, L. and Ahic, J. M. and Gmajnic, R. and Pinotic, K. and Vcev, A.},
   title = {The effects of gluten-free diet on body weight in children with celiac disease},
   journal = {Coll Antropol},
   volume = {34 Suppl 1},
   pages = {55-60},
   note = {Lukic, Marko
Segec, Ana
Segec, Igor
Pinotic, Ljerka
Ahic, Jasminka Milas
Gmajnic, Rudika
Pinotic, Kresimir
Vcev, Aleksandar
Journal Article
Croatia
Coll Antropol. 2010 Mar;34 Suppl 1:55-60.},
   abstract = {This study was aimed at monitoring and controlling of body weight in children with diagnosis of celiac disease when established and after introducing gluten-free diet. Prospective clinical study included 42 children with celiac disease whose body weight was measured before introducing gluten-free diet, and after the period of six and 18 months of introducing gluten-free diet. The children were divided into three age groups. The first group consisted of 16 children, 8 females and 8 males in the age from 6 to 18 months, the second group consisted of 14 children, 8 females and 6 males ranging from the age of 20 to 111 months and the third group consisted of 12 children, 6 females and 6 males ranging from the age of 115 to 204 months. The measured body weight was compared with the centile tables of children of the same age. After introducing gluten-free diet the body weight was significantly higher at first, especially at the second control examination in comparison to the centile table of children of the same age and gender When comparing the results at the time of establishing the diagnosis and at the first and second control examination of the body weight of children the results showed no difference concerning gender and the age of children. In conclusion it can be said that is very important to diagnose celiac disease as soon as possible because the introduction of gluten-free diet prevents the pathological conditions mucosal lesion of small intestine and the physical retardation of children.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
*Body Weight
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/physiopathology
Child
Child, Preschool
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Prospective Studies},
   ISSN = {0350-6134 (Print)
0350-6134},
   Accession Number = {20402297},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Luo, H. and Chen, Y. and Wang, J.},
   title = {Effects of positive acceleration on the metabolism of endogenous carbon monoxide and serum lipid in atherosclerotic rabbits},
   journal = {J Cardiovasc Dis Res},
   volume = {1},
   number = {2},
   pages = {75-80},
   note = {0976-2833
Luo, Huilan
Chen, Yongsheng
Wang, Junhua
Journal Article
India
J Cardiovasc Dis Res. 2010 Apr;1(2):75-80. doi: 10.4103/0975-3583.64439.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis (AS) is caused mainly due to the increase in the serum lipid, thrombosis, and injuries of the endothelial cells. During aviation, the incremental load of positive acceleration that leads to dramatic stress reactions and hemodynamic changes may predispose pilots to functional disorders and even pathological changes of organs. However, much less is known on the correlation between aviation and AS pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 32 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 rabbits in each group. The control group was given a high cholesterol diet but no acceleration exposure, whereas the other 3 experimental groups were treated with a high cholesterol diet and acceleration exposure for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. In each group, samples of celiac vein blood and the aorta were collected after the last exposure for the measurement of endogenous CO and HO-1 activities, as well as the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). As compared with the control group, the endocardial CO content and the HO-1 activity in aortic endothelial cells were significantly elevated at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weekend, respectively (P < 0.05 or <0.01). And these measures tended upward as the exposure time was prolonged. Levels of TC and LDL-C in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, presenting an upward tendency. Levels of TG were found significantly increased in the 8-week-exposure group, but significantly declined in the 12-week-exposure group (still higher than those in the control group). Levels of the HDL-C were increased in the 4-week-exposure group, declined in the 8-week-exposure group, and once more increased in the 12-week-exposure group, without significant differences with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Positive acceleration exposure may lead to a significant increase of endogenous CO content and HO-1 activity and a metabolic disorder of serum lipid in high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbits, which implicates that the acceleration exposure might accelerate the progression of AS.},
   keywords = {Endogenous carbon monoxide
Heme oxygenase-1
lipoprotein
positive acceleration exposure
total cholesterol},
   ISSN = {0975-3583},
   Accession Number = {20877690},
   DOI = {10.4103/0975-3583.64439},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Lurz, E. and Scheidegger, U. and Spalinger, J. and Schoni, M. and Schibli, S.},
   title = {Clinical presentation of celiac disease and the diagnostic accuracy of serologic markers in children},
   journal = {Eur J Pediatr},
   volume = {168},
   number = {7},
   pages = {839-45},
   note = {1432-1076
Lurz, Eberhard
Scheidegger, Ursina
Spalinger, Johannes
Schoni, Martin
Schibli, Susanne
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
Germany
Eur J Pediatr. 2009 Jul;168(7):839-45. doi: 10.1007/s00431-008-0845-4. Epub 2008 Oct 16.},
   abstract = {There has been growing recognition of a changing clinical presentation of celiac disease (CD), with the manifestation of milder symptoms. Serologic testing is widely used to screen patients with suspected CD and populations at risk. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the clinical presentation of CD in childhood, assess the diagnostic value of serologic tests, and investigate the impact of IgA deficiency on diagnostic accuracy. We evaluated 206 consecutive children with suspected CD on the basis of clinical symptoms and positive serology results. Ninety-four (46%) had biopsy-proven CD. The median age at diagnosis of CD was 6.8 years; 15% of the children were <2 years of age. There was a higher incidence of CD in girls (p = 0.003). Iron deficiency and intestinal complaints were more frequent in children with CD than those without CD (61% vs. 33%, p = 0.0001 and 71% vs. 55%, p = 0.02, respectively), while failure to thrive was less common (35% vs. 53%, p = 0.02). The sensitivity of IgA tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTG) was 0.98 when including all children and 1.00 after excluding children with selective IgA deficiency. The specificity of IgA-tTG was 0.73 using the recommended cut-off value of 20 IU, and this improved to 0.94 when using a higher cut-off value of 100 IU. All children with CD and relative IgA deficiency (IgA levels that are measurable but below the age reference [n = 8]) had elevated IgA-tTG. In conclusion, CD is frequently diagnosed in school-age children with relatively mild symptoms. The absence of intestinal symptoms does not preclude the diagnosis of CD; many children with CD do not report intestinal symptoms. While the sensitivity of IgA-tTG is excellent, its specificity is insufficient for the diagnostic confirmation of a disease requiring life-long dietary restrictions. Children with negative IgA-tTG and decreased but measurable IgA values are unlikely to have CD.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Age Factors
Biomarkers/blood
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*blood/*diagnosis/pathology/physiopathology/surgery
Child
Child, Preschool
Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal
Female
GTP-Binding Proteins
Humans
IgA Deficiency/complications/*immunology
Immunoglobulin A/*blood
Infant
Iron/deficiency
Male
Retrospective Studies
Severity of Illness Index
Sex Factors
Switzerland
Transglutaminases/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0340-6199},
   Accession Number = {18923841},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00431-008-0845-4},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Madsen, A. N. and Jelsing, J. and van de Wall, E. H. and Vrang, N. and Larsen, P. J. and Schwartz, G. J.},
   title = {Rimonabant induced anorexia in rodents is not mediated by vagal or sympathetic gut afferents},
   journal = {Neurosci Lett},
   volume = {449},
   number = {1},
   pages = {20-3},
   note = {Madsen, Andreas N
Jelsing, Jacob
van de Wall, Esther H E M
Vrang, Niels
Larsen, Philip J
Schwartz, Gary J
DK047208/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Ireland
Neurosci Lett. 2009 Jan 2;449(1):20-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.001. Epub 2008 Oct 7.},
   abstract = {The selective CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant is a novel weight control agent. Although CB1 receptors and binding sites are present in both the rodent central and peripheral nervous systems, including the afferent vagus nerve, the role of gut afferents in mediating anorexia following CB1R blockade is still debated. In the present study we examined rimonabant-induced anorexia in male C57BL/6J mice with subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VGX) as well as in male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to either subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) alone or in combination with a complete celiac-superior mesenteric ganglionectomy (CGX). Irrespective of the operational procedure, rimonabant (10mg/kg) effectively reduced standard chow as well as palatable diet (ensure) intake. In conclusion, the data clearly demonstrate that neither vagal gut afferents, nor gut afferents traveling via the sympathetic nervous system, are required for rimonabant to inhibit food intake leading to the hypothesis that centrally located CB1 receptors are the prime mediators of rimonabant-induced anorexia.},
   keywords = {Analysis of Variance
Animals
Anorexia/*chemically induced/*physiopathology
Eating/drug effects/physiology
Ganglia, Sympathetic/*physiology
Ganglionectomy/methods
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Piperidines
*Pyrazoles
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Stilbamidines/metabolism
Vagotomy/methods
Vagus Nerve/*physiology/surgery},
   ISSN = {0304-3940 (Print)
0304-3940},
   Accession Number = {18926875},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.001},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Maguire, A. A. and Greenson, J. K. and Lauwers, G. Y. and Ginsburg, R. E. and Williams, G. T. and Brown, I. S. and Riddell, R. H. and O'Donoghue, D. and Sheahan, K. D.},
   title = {Collagenous sprue: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases},
   journal = {Am J Surg Pathol},
   volume = {33},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1440-9},
   note = {1532-0979
Maguire, Aoife A
Greenson, Joel K
Lauwers, Greg Y
Ginsburg, Richard E
Williams, Geraint T
Brown, Ian S
Riddell, Robert H
O'Donoghue, Diarmuid
Sheahan, Kieran D
Journal Article
United States
Am J Surg Pathol. 2009 Oct;33(10):1440-9. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181ae2545.},
   abstract = {Collagenous sprue is a rare form of small bowel enteropathy characterized by chronic diarrhea and progressive malabsorption with little data available on its natural history. The pathologic lesion consists of subepithelial collagen deposition associated with variable alterations in villous architecture. The small bowel biopsies of 12 cases were reviewed. Clinical details, celiac serology, and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement study results, when available, were collated. There were 8 females and 4 males (age ranged from 41 to 84 y) who presented with chronic diarrhea and weight loss. Small intestinal biopsies showed subepithelial collagen deposition with varying degrees of villous atrophy and varying numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Four patients had previous biopsies showing enteropathic changes without collagen deposition. Seven cases were associated with collagenous colitis and 1 also had features of lymphocytic colitis. Three patients also had collagen deposition in gastric biopsies. One case was associated with lymphocytic gastritis. Celiac disease (CD, gluten-sensitive enteropathy) was documented in 4 patients. Five patients made a clinical improvement with combinations of a gluten-free diet and immunosuppressive therapy. Two patients died of complications of malnutrition and 1 of another illness. Clonal T-cell populations were identified in 5 of 6 cases tested. Four of these patients improved clinically after treatment but 1 has died. Collagenous sprue evolved on a background of CD in 4 cases. There was no history of CD in others and these cases may be the result of a biologic insult other than gluten sensitivity. None has developed clinical evidence of lymphoma to date.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Celiac Disease/*immunology/*pathology/therapy
Clone Cells
*Collagen
Diet Therapy
Female
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
Male
Middle Aged
Polymerase Chain Reaction
T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
T-Lymphocytes/immunology},
   ISSN = {0147-5185},
   Accession Number = {19641452},
   DOI = {10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181ae2545},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Maiden, L. and Elliott, T. and McLaughlin, S. D. and Ciclitira, P.},
   title = {A blinded pilot comparison of capsule endoscopy and small bowel histology in unresponsive celiac disease},
   journal = {Dig Dis Sci},
   volume = {54},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1280-3},
   note = {1573-2568
Maiden, L
Elliott, T
McLaughlin, S D
Ciclitira, P
Comparative Study
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
United States
Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Jun;54(6):1280-3. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0486-5. Epub 2008 Oct 31.},
   abstract = {This study compares video capsule endoscopy (VCE) with histological specimens of proximal small bowel in patients with celiac disease who have failed to respond to a gluten-free diet. Patients with nonresponsive celiac disease underwent capsule endoscopy, and concordance between endoscopy and histology was then calculated using the kappa statistic. In 19 patients, endoscopy videos were reported as normal in ten (53%) case, as having mild changes in three (16%) cases, and as having moderate-severe changes in six (31%) cases. Two (11%) had acute ulcers. No small bowel tumors were seen. Endoscopy demonstrated concordance with histological changes in 14 of the 18 patients with histology available (78% concordance). The kappa statistic suggested a substantial degree of concordance between histology and endoscopic findings. Endoscopy with distal duodenal biopsies is superior to VCE in detecting proximal, nonresponsive celiac disease, but more distal lesions may be missed such that the strength of VCE lies in its ability to visualize the entire small bowel.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Biopsy
*Capsule Endoscopy
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/*pathology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Glutens/adverse effects
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pilot Projects
Sensitivity and Specificity
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0163-2116},
   Accession Number = {18975089},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10620-008-0486-5},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mairal, T. and Frese, I. and Llaudet, E. and Redondo, C. B. and Katakis, I. and von Germar, F. and Drese, K. and CK, O' Sullivan},
   title = {Microfluorimeter with disposable polymer chip for detection of coeliac disease toxic gliadin},
   journal = {Lab Chip},
   volume = {9},
   number = {24},
   pages = {3535-42},
   note = {Mairal, Teresa
Frese, Ines
Llaudet, Enrique
Redondo, Carmen Bermudo
Katakis, Ioanis
von Germar, Frithjof
Drese, Klaus
O' Sullivan, Ciara K
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Lab Chip. 2009 Dec 21;9(24):3535-42. doi: 10.1039/b914635k. Epub 2009 Oct 12.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease is an inflammatory disease of the upper small intestine and results from gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals, and is the only life-long nutrient-induced enteropathy. The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet and the longer the individual fails to adhere to this diet, the greater the chance of developing malnutrition and other complications. The existence of reliable gluten free food is crucial to the well-being of the population. Here we report on a microfluorimeter device for the in situ detection of gliadin in foodstuffs, which could be used for a rapid control of raw materials in food processing, as well as for process control of gliadin contamination. The microfluorimeter is based on a reflector that is used inside a microfluidic chip, exploiting various strategically placed reflective or totally metallised mirrors for efficient collection of the fluorescent light emitted in a large solid angle. The chip is capable of executing five assays in parallel and has been demonstrated to possess detection sensitivity applicable to fluoroimmunoassays. Various immunoassay formats exploiting fluorescence detection, using enzyme/fluorophore labels were developed and compared in terms of sensitivity, ease of assay, assay time and compatibility with buffer used to extract gliadin from raw and cooked foodstuffs, with the best performance observed with an indirect competition assay using a fluorophore-labelled anti-mouse antibody. This assay was exploited within the microfluorimeter device, and a very low detection limit of 4.1 ng/mL was obtained. The system was observed to be highly reproducible, with an RSD of 5.9%, for a concentration of 50 ng/mL of gliadin applied to each of the five channels of the microfluorimeter. Biofunctionalised disposable strips incorporated into the microfluorimeter were subjected to accelerated Arrhenius thermal stability studies and it was demonstrated that strips pre-coated with gliadin could be stored for approximately 2 years at 4 degrees C, with no discernable loss in sensitivity or detectability of the assay. Finally, the microfluorimeter was applied to the analysis of commercial gluten-free food samples, and an excellent correlation with routine ELISA measurements was obtained. The developed microfluorimeter should find widespread application for on-site execution of fluoroimmunoassays.},
   keywords = {Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
*Celiac Disease/prevention & control
*Disposable Equipment
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Equipment Design
Fluoroimmunoassay
Fluorometry/economics/*instrumentation/methods
Gliadin/*analysis/immunology/toxicity
*Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
Mice
Microtechnology
*Polymers
Time Factors},
   ISSN = {1473-0197 (Print)
1473-0189},
   Accession Number = {20024033},
   DOI = {10.1039/b914635k},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Majewska, A. and Niemczyk, S. and Staszkow, M. and Matuszkiewicz-Rowinska, J.},
   title = {Celiac disease manifest in the elderly},
   journal = {Pol Arch Med Wewn},
   volume = {119},
   number = {4},
   pages = {269-72},
   note = {Majewska, Agata
Niemczyk, Stanislaw
Staszkow, Monika
Matuszkiewicz-Rowinska, Joanna
Case Reports
Journal Article
Poland
Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2009 Apr;119(4):269-72.},
   abstract = {We present a case of a 75-year-old woman with manifestations of celiac disease. Currently, there is an increase in the prevalence atypical celiac disease which is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly. Diagnostic techniques and treatment options of celiac disease, particularly in the elderly have been presented in detail.},
   keywords = {Aged
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/*therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Injections, Intramuscular
Injections, Intravenous
Iron/administration & dosage
Vitamin B 12/administration & dosage},
   ISSN = {1897-9483 (Print)},
   Accession Number = {19413189},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Makovicky, P.},
   title = {What can we do to promote the recognition of celiac disease: a report on diagnostic strategies},
   journal = {Bratisl Lek Listy},
   volume = {111},
   number = {3},
   pages = {163-5},
   note = {Makovicky, P
Journal Article
Slovakia
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2010;111(3):163-5.},
   abstract = {Searching for risk groups with celiac disease is an interdisciplinary problem, and therefore it requires the co-operation of all branches of medicine. It has been suggested that the determination of antiendomysial antibody (AEA) and tissue transglutaminase (t-TG) should be performed by doctors in the first-contact medical facilities. In diagnosed patients, and especially in paediatric practice, it the values of autoantibodies regarding the adherence to a gluten-free diet should be monitored. After reaching the adulthood, patients should be entrusted to the care of gastroenterologists. Biopsy of duodenum samples remains the golden standard for the diagnosis of celiac disease. Every histological examination of a duodenum sample must be completed by histological grading in accordance to Marsh-Oberhuber. Histochemical investigation should be an inseparable part of the malabsorption diagnostics in biopsy. In controversial biopsies, such as a biopsy with minimal or mild pathological changes, application of antibodies to the intraepithelial lymphocytes is recommended. It is also useful to perform electron-microscopy of duodenum samples as well, when repeated biopsies are negative, but the patient's troubles persist (Ref. 32).},
   keywords = {Adult
Biopsy, Needle
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/pathology
Humans
Intestine, Small/pathology},
   ISSN = {0006-9248 (Print)
0006-9248},
   Accession Number = {20437829},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Makovicky, P. and Makovicky, P.},
   title = {[From the diagnosis of celiac disease to the prospect of legislative changes]},
   journal = {Vnitr Lek},
   volume = {55},
   number = {6},
   pages = {583-6},
   note = {Makovicky, Peter
Makovicky, Pavol
English Abstract
Journal Article
Czech Republic
Vnitr Lek. 2009 Jun;55(6):583-6.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is diagnosed in children as well as adults. For long now, this has not been a rare diagnosis. Publications by local authors have warned, as early as 1990s, that this disease is extremely under-diagnosed, as confirmed by current clinical practice. Despite this, it is evident that the prevalence ofthis disease in Slovakia and the Czech Republic is high. Currently, it is assumed that the traditional symptomatic form of the disease represents just a fraction of the overall prevalence. As a consequence to the gradual introduction of the disease screening and the efforts of the medical community to diagnose the disease in its early stages, the disease is now thought of in a surgery of a first-contact physician as well as in a specialist surgery. Continually increasing number of diagnosed patients leads to increasing demands related to their needs. Strict gluten-free diet is the only available causal therapy. Gluten-free products are marked with a universally recognised international symbol--crossed-out grain spike--or are labelled "gluten-free". Some specialized family-run businesses focusing on their production have all foodstuffs labelled. However, this labelling is rather lacking on the products sold in high street stores. Based on the increasing incidence of celiac disease in the population, or rather improved diagnostic methods and increased awareness within the medical community of this diagnosis, the authors review the possibility of labelling all food products. This would be a universally recognised symbol, or a clear warning that the product contains gluten. It is recommended that a proposal is submitted to improve legislation related to labelling of gluten-containing products. It is recommended that the products labelled as "gluten-free" contain no gluten. It is proposed that the production of gluten-free food products is submitted to accreditation with well-defined methodology including strict control.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*diet therapy
Czech Republic
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Food Labeling/*legislation & jurisprudence
Humans
Slovakia},
   ISSN = {0042-773X (Print)
0042-773x},
   Accession Number = {19662890},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Malalasekera, V. and Cameron, F. and Grixti, E. and Thomas, M. C.},
   title = {Potential reno-protective effects of a gluten-free diet in type 1 diabetes},
   journal = {Diabetologia},
   volume = {52},
   number = {5},
   pages = {798-800},
   note = {1432-0428
Malalasekera, V
Cameron, F
Grixti, E
Thomas, M C
R01HL083452-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Diabetologia. 2009 May;52(5):798-800. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1277-z. Epub 2009 Feb 14.},
   abstract = {AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Coeliac disease is common in type 1 diabetes. It is managed with a gluten-free diet, characterised by foods low in AGEs. We hypothesised that this diet would lead to lower plasma AGEs and be associated with reduced albuminuria. METHODS: From a single paediatric clinic, we recruited 21 children with type 1 diabetes and biopsy-proven coeliac disease, and 38 individuals with diabetes alone. The groups were matched for age, sex, duration of disease and metabolic control. Participants completed a detailed clinical and dietary history. Blood samples were taken for HbA(1c), coeliac serology, thyroid function, serum IgA levels and plasma AGEs, and urine samples were obtained for estimation of the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). RESULTS: All the individuals with coeliac disease were asymptomatic, with negative transglutaminase antibodies. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age (14 years), sex (29% male), duration of diabetes (7 years), mean HbA(1c) (8.3%), lipid levels or treatment regimens. However, children with diabetes and coeliac disease had twofold lower levels of urinary ACR than with those diabetes alone (p = 0.04). This was associated with lower levels of circulating AGEs (p = 0.03). These associations were independent of metabolic control, diabetes management and other potentially confounding variables, such as household exposure to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Adherence to a gluten-free diet may provide additional benefits for individuals with coeliac disease, and potentially those with type 1 diabetes.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Albuminuria
Body Mass Index
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Creatinine/urine
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*complications
Diabetic Nephropathies/*prevention & control
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Glycosylation End Products, Advanced/*metabolism
Humans
Infant
Insulin/therapeutic use
Male
Smoke/adverse effects
Smoking},
   ISSN = {0012-186x},
   Accession Number = {19219421},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00125-009-1277-z},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Malamut, G. and Cellier, C.},
   title = {[Celiac disease]},
   journal = {Rev Med Interne},
   volume = {31},
   number = {6},
   pages = {428-33},
   note = {1768-3122
Malamut, G
Cellier, C
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Rev Med Interne. 2010 Jun;31(6):428-33. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.04.009. Epub 2010 Mar 31.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is an enteropathy due to gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals (HLA DQ2/DQ8). Celiac disease occurs in adults and children at rates approaching 1% of population in Europe and USA. Clinical features observed in celiac disease are extremely various and anaemia, oral aphthous stomatis, amenorrhea or articular symptoms may be the only presenting manifestations. Diagnosis relies on the evidence of histological villous atrophy in proximal small bowel and the presence of specific serum antibodies. Treatment relies on eviction of gluten (wheat, barley, rye) from diet. Gluten free diet allows prevention

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branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib