text:
itemporal modeling framework based on hidden Markov models that reduce spurious land cover changes introduced by classification uncertainty in individual years. Among other changes, relative to Collection 5, the Collection 6 product includes less area mapped as forests, open shrublands, and cropland/natural vegetation mosaics, and more area mapped as woodlands and grasslands. Accuracy assessment indicates that the Collection 6 product has an overall accuracy of 73.6{\%} for the primary LCCS layer and that the amount of spurious land cover change has been substantially reduced in Collection 6 relative to Collection 5 (1.6{\%} in C6 and 11.4{\%} in C5).},
author = {Sulla-Menashe, Damien and Gray, Josh M. and Abercrombie, S. Parker and Friedl, Mark A.},
doi = {S0034425718305686},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/1-s2.0-S0034425718305686-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Classification,Global land cover,Hidden Markov models,MODIS},
number = {December 2018},
pages = {183--194},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Hierarchical mapping of annual global land cover 2001 to present: The MODIS Collection 6 Land Cover product}},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425718305686?dgcid=rss{\_}sd{\_}all},
volume = {222},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Barbaro2009,
abstract = {The goal of the present study is to assess how landscape configuration influenced the distribution of life-history traits across bird, carabid beetle and butterfly communities of mosaic forest landscapes in south-western France. A set of 12 traits was selected for each species, characterizing rarity, biogeographical distribution, body size, trophic guild, dispersal power, reproductive potential and phenology. We used a three-table ordination method, RLQ analysis, to link directly bird, beetle and butterfly traits to the same set of landscape metrics calculated in 400 m-radius buffers around sample points. RLQ analyses showed significant associations between life-history traits and landscape configuration for all three taxonomical groups. Threatened species from all groups were characterized by a combination of life traits that makes them especially sensitive to the fragmentation of herbaceous and shrub-dominated habitats at the landscape scale. These key life traits were low productivity, intermediate body mass, restricted geographic range, late phenology and ground gleaning for threatened birds, intermediate body size, spring adult activity, northern distribution and summer breeding period for threatened carabids, and restricted range, overwintering as eggs or larvae, low mobility, monophagy and short flight periods for threatened butterflies. Focusing on species life traits can provide a functional perspective, which helps to determine adequate measures for the conservation of threatened species and communities of several taxonomical groups in mosaic landscapes.},
author = {Barbaro, Luc and van Halder, Inge},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05546.x},
issn = {09067590},
journal = {Ecography},
keywords = {Butterflies,Traits,bird,carabidae,fragmentation,life-history traits,species traits,traits},
mendeley-tags = {Traits},
month = {apr},
number = {2},
pages = {321--333},
title = {{Linking bird, carabid beetle and butterfly life-history traits to habitat fragmentation in mosaic landscapes}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05546.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05546.x/full},
volume = {32},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Mesgaran2014,
author = {Mesgaran, Mohsen B and Cousens, Roger D and Webber, Bruce L},
doi = {10.1111/ddi.12209},
editor = {Franklin, Janet},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2014/Mesgaran, Cousens, Webber{\_}2014{\_}Here be dragons a tool for quantifying novelty due to covariate range and correlation change when project.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13669516},
journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
keywords = {Method-Paper,SDM,Transferability,correlation,exdet,m ax e nt,mahalanobis distance,mess map,model extrap-,model interrogation,niche modelling,non-equilibrium settings,novel,olation},
mendeley-tags = {Method-Paper,SDM,Transferability},
month = {apr},
pages = {n/a--n/a},
title = {{Here be dragons: a tool for quantifying novelty due to covariate range and correlation change when projecting species distribution models}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ddi.12209},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Hansen2013a,
abstract = {Quantification of global forest change has been lacking despite the recognized importance of forest ecosystem services. In this study, Earth observation satellite data were used to map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The tropics were the only climate domain to exhibit a trend, with forest loss increasing by 2101 square kilometers per year. Brazil's well-documented reduction in deforestation was offset by increasing forest loss in Indonesia, Malaysia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Zambia, Angola, and elsewhere. Intensive forestry practiced within subtropical forests resulted in the highest rates of forest change globally. Boreal forest loss due largely to fire and forestry was second to that in the tropics in absolute and proportional terms. These results depict a globally consistent and locally relevant record of forest change.},
author = {Hansen, M. C. and Potapov, P. V. and Moore, R. and Hancher, M. and Turubanova, S. a. and Tyukavina, A. and Thau, D. and Stehman, S. V. and Goetz, S. J. and Loveland, T. R. and Kommareddy, A. and Egorov, A. and Chini, L. and Justice, C. O. and Townshend, J. R. G.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1244693},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Brazil,Conservation of Natural Resources,Geographic Mapping,Indonesia,Maps as Topic,Trees},
month = {nov},
number = {6160},
pages = {850--3},
pmid = {24233722},
title = {{SI}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1244693 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24233722},
volume = {342},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Vellend2017,
abstract = {Two recent meta-analyses of local-scale biodiversity change over time, by the authors of the present paper, have been subject to a harsh critique. Here we use new data and analyses to respond to the main points of this critique. First, a central argument of the critique was that short-term time series lead to biased estimates of long-term biodiversity change. However, we show here that this conclusion was based entirely on two fundamental mistakes in the simulations used to support it. Second, we show that the critic's conclusion that there are negative relationships between temporal biodiversity change and study duration is entirely dependent on: (i) the unrealistic assumption that biodiversity change can be positive when study duration = 0; (ii) the use of only a subset of the available data; (iii) inclusion of a single outlier data point in a single study (out of 100 in this case); and/or (iv) a choice to use log ratios rather than slopes (when available) as the metric of temporal biodiversity change. In short, the evidence does not support the conclusion that studies of longer duration tend to find local diversity decline. Finally, the critique highlighted the obviously true fact that studies in the ecological literature represent a geographically biased sample of locations on Earth; this issue was noted in both original papers, and is relevant for all ecological data syntheses. This fact was used by the critics to cast doubt on our conclusion that, outside of areas converted to croplands or asphalt, the distribution of temporal biodiversity trends is centered on zero. As a scientific rule, future studies based on more or different data may cause us to modify our conclusion, but at present, alternative conclusions based on the geographic-bias argument rely entirely on speculation. In sum, the critique raises points of uncertainty typical of all ecological studies, but it falls far short of providing an evidence-based alternative interpretation for our results, which are now supported by syntheses of hundreds of individual data sets of temporal biodiversity change.},
author = {Vellend, Mark and Dornelas, Maria and Baeten, Lander and Beaus{\'{e}}jour, Robin and Brown, Carissa D. and {De Frenne}, Pieter and Elmendorf, Sarah C. and Gotelli, Nicholas J. and Moyes, Faye and Myers-Smith, Isla H. and Magurran, Anne E. and McGill, Brian J. and Shimadzu, Hideyasu and Sievers, Caya},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.1660},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vellend et al. - 2017 - Estimates of local biodiversity change over time stand up to scrutiny.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00129658},
journal = {Ecology},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {583--590},
title = {{Estimates of local biodiversity change over time stand up to scrutiny}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ecy.1660},
volume = {98},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Kopf2015,
abstract = {Global ecosystems have shifted from historical conditions, but it is unclear from what baselines change should be assessed. Scientists and managers have increasingly accepted the impossibility of returning ecosystems to a “pristine” state; however, historical conditions remain the cornerstone for restoration and management. We explore the rationale behind the application of historical baselines to ecosystem management and propose Anthropocene baselines as a concept to provide an improved basis for the management of human-dominated ecosystems. The Anthropocene baselines concept emphasizes the conservation value of the remnants of historical ecosystems but confronts the reality that many ecosystems cannot—or will not—be restored to historical ranges of variability. In order to prevent further unwanted changes to biodiversity and ecosystem services, we suggest that the management of human-dominated ecosystems must move beyond historical constraints toward new points of reference dictated by social–ecological sustainability.},
author = {Kopf, R. Keller and Finlayson, C. Max and Humphries, Paul and Sims, Neil C. and Hladyz, Sally},
doi = {10.1093/biosci/biv092},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kopf et al. - 2015 - Anthropocene Baselines Assessing Change and Managing Biodiversity in Human-Dominated Aquatic Ecosystems.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0006-3568},
issn = {0006-3568},
journal = {BioScience},
keywords = {alternative stable state,novel ecosystem,regime shift,resilience,river restoration},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {798--811},
title = {{Anthropocene Baselines: Assessing Change and Managing Biodiversity in Human-Dominated Aquatic Ecosystems}},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biosci/biv092},
volume = {65},
year = {2015}
}
@techreport{Danielson2011,
author = {Danielson, J.J. and Gesch, D.B.},
institution = {US Geological Survey},
pages = {26},
title = {{Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED20}},
url = {https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1073/pdf/of2011-1073.pdf},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Brosi2007,
abstract = {1 Despite ongoing concerns and controversy over a putative ‘global pollination crisis' there is little information on the response of bees, the most important group of pollinators, to land-use change. In particular, there are no published studies of the effects of tropical forest fragmentation on entire bee communities. 2 We examined bee community responses to forest fragment size, shape, isolation and landscape context (forest variables) by sampling foraging bees at ground level using aerial netting within, and in pastures adjacent to, 22 forest fragments ranging in area from c. 0{\textperiodcentered}25 ha to 230 ha, in southern Costa Rica. We sampled each site 13 times in total, in both wet and dry seasons. 3 Although there were no effects of forest variables on bee diversity and abundance, we did find strong changes in bee community composition. In particular, tree-nesting meliponines (social stingless bees) were associated with larger fragments, smaller edge:area ratios and greater proportions of forest surrounding sample points, while introduced Apis showed opposite patterns. 4 Community composition was also strikingly different between forests and pastures, despite their spatial proximity. In forests, even in the smallest patches, meliponines comprised a much larger proportion of the apifauna, and orchid bees (euglossines) were common. In pastures, Apis was much more abundant and no euglossine bees were found. 5 These results agree broadly with other studies that have found contrasting responses to habitat fragmentation from different bee groups. Conserving meliponine bees, important for pollination of coffee and other crops, and euglossine bees, critical in long-distance pollen transport, will require forest. 6 Synthesis and applications. In the first study of the effects of tropical forest fragmentation on entire understorey bee assemblages, we found bee community resilience to land-use change, as deforested sites and small forest fragments can have a diverse component of bees. While bees as a whole show some degree of resilience to land-use change, there are taxon-specific responses and, in our study area, there is clear value to conserving native forest, particularly for the ecologically and economically important meliponine and euglossine bees.},
author = {Brosi, Berry J. and Daily, Gretchen C. and Shih, Tiffany M. and Oviedo, Federico and Dur{\'{a}}n, Guillermo},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01412.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brosi et al. - 2007 - The effects of forest fragmentation on bee communities in tropical countryside.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0021-8901},
issn = {00218901},
journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Agro-ecosystems,Apoidea,Conservation,Ecosystem services,Euglossini,Landscape ecology,Meliponini,Pollination,agro-ecosystems,conservation,ecosystem services,landscape  ecology,pollination},
month = {nov},
number = {3},
pages = {773--783},
pmid = {1019},
title = {{The effects of forest fragmentation on bee communities in tropical countryside}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01412.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01412.x/full},
volume = {45},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Williams2011,
abstract = {Alien plants form important interactions with flower visitors across many systems and are especially likely to dominate these interactions in disturbed habitats where native plants are rare. Most studies of alien plant–pollinator interactions have focused on the effects of alien plants on native plant reproduction; however, these alien plants may also be important food resources for native bees especially if they dominate the “floral market”. Dominance of alien species in the diet of bees could occur due to high relative density and abundance of alien plants and flowers, and/or to bee preference for alien plants when they are present. We investigated bees' use of and preference for alien plants using two data sets from distinct regions of North America, central California and southern New Jersey. In each system, we sampled bees and flowering plants in multiple habitat types that differ in level of disturbance and in the relative abundance of alien plant species. Alien plants as a group dominated interactions with bee communities in more disturbed habitats. Importance, however, varied among plant species such that a subset of highly used plant species drove the overall pattern of use within the community. Despite higher use of alien plants in more disturbed sites, alien plants as a group were not more preferred. Rather, bees' use of individual alien plants correlated with plant abundance in the community. Consistent with the interpretation that bees use, but do not prefer, alien plants, we found no effect of alien plant abundance or richness on bee abundance or richness.},
author = {Williams, Neal M. and Cariveau, Daniel and Winfree, Rachael and Kremen, Claire},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2010.11.008},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Williams et al.{\_}2011{\_}Bees in disturbed habitats use, but do not prefer, alien plants.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14391791},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Alien plant,Bee,Bees,Disturbance,Exotic plant,Human disturbance,Invasion biology,Invasive species,Paper,Preference,Resource use},
mendeley-tags = {Bee,Disturbance,Invasion biology,Paper},
month = {jun},
number = {4},
pages = {332--341},
publisher = {Elsevier GmbH},
title = {{Bees in disturbed habitats use, but do not prefer, alien plants}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S143917911000157X},
volume = {12},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Verbesselt2010a,
abstract = {A wealth of remotely sensed image time series covering large areas is now available to the earth science community. Change detection methods are often not capable of detecting land cover changes within time series that are heavily influenced by seasonal climatic variations. Detecting change within the trend and seasonal components of time series enables the classification of different types of changes. Changes occurring in the trend component often indicate disturbances (e.g. fires, insect attacks), while changes occurring in the seasonal component indicate phenological changes (e.g. change in land cover type). A generic change detection approach is proposed for time series by detecting and characterizing Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST). BFAST integrates the decomposition of time series into trend, seasonal, and remainder components with methods for detecting change within time series. BFAST iteratively estimates the time and number of changes, and characterizes change by its magnitude and direction. We tested BFAST by simulating 16-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series with varying amounts of seasonality and noise, and by adding abrupt changes at different times and magnitudes. This revealed that BFAST can robustly detect change with different magnitudes ({\textgreater}0.1 NDVI) within time series with different noise levels (0.01–0.07 $\sigma$) and seasonal amplitudes (0.1–0.5 NDVI). Additionally, BFAST was applied to 16-day NDVI Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) composites for a forested study area in south eastern Australia. This showed that BFAST is able to detect and characterize spatial and temporal changes in a forested landscape. BFAST is not specific to a particular data type and can be applied to time series without the need to normalize for land cover types, select a reference period, or change trajectory. The method can be integrated within monitoring frameworks and used as an alarm system to flag when and where changes occur.},
author = {Verbesselt, Jan and Hyndman, Rob and Newnham, Glenn and Culvenor, Darius},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Verbesselt et al. - 2010 - Detecting trend and seasonal changes in satellite images time series.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {6139545226},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Change detection,MODIS,NDVI,Phenology,Piecewise linear regression,Time series,Trend analysis,Vegetation dynamics},
month = {jan},
number = {114},
pages = {106--115},
pmid = {16531038},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Detecting trend and seasonal changes in satellite images time series}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003442570900265X http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S003442570900265X},
volume = {114},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Valtonen2013,
abstract = {Temporal variation and phenology of tropical insect communities and the role of environmental factors controlling this variation is poorly understood. A better understanding is needed, for example, to predict the effects of climate change on tropical insect communities and to assess the long- term persistence of tropical communities. We studied seasonal and inter-annual variation in tropical fruit- feeding butterflies by exploiting a unique 137-month abundance time series of .100 species, sampled at 22 locations in the medium altitude montane rain forest of Kibale National Park, western Uganda. Precipitation peaked twice per year, about 20 d after each equinox. Vegetation greenness peaked approximately 33 d later. Species richness and abundance of butterflies peaked about 2 and 3 months, respectively, after the greenness peak. Furthermore, temporal shifts in peaks of butterfly abundances of each 6-month cycle positively correlated with temporal shifts in peaks of vegetation greenness approximately three months before. The butterfly assemblages of ENSO warm phase years differed significantly from assemblages of the other years. To our knowledge this is the first elucidation of bi-annual rhythms in butterfly assemblages. Host plant availability could explain the seasonal cycles in butterfly abundance and species richness, because the 3-month lag observed matches with the egg-to-adult development time in the studied species.},
author = {Valtonen, Anu and Molleman, Freerk and Chapman, Colin a and Carey, James R and Ayres, Matthew P and Roininen, Heikki},
doi = {10.1890/ES12-00338.1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Valtonen et al. - 2013 - Tropical phenology bi-annual rhythms and interannual variation in an Afrotropical butterfly assemblage.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {2150-8925},
issn = {2150-8925},
journal = {Ecosphere},
keywords = {Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI),Fourier,Lag-effect,Lepidoptera,Received,Uganda.,climate change,community,greenness,insect,precipitation,similarity,tropical rain forest},
mendeley-tags = {Fourier,Lag-effect},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {36},
title = {{Tropical phenology: bi-annual rhythms and interannual variation in an Afrotropical butterfly assemblage}},
url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES12-00338.1 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/ES12-00338.1},
volume = {4},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Hagen2011,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Accurate estimates of movement behavior and distances travelled by animals are difficult to obtain, especially for small-bodied insects where transmitter weights have prevented the use of radio-tracking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we report the first successful use of micro radio telemetry to track flight distances and space use of bumblebees. Using ground surveys and Cessna overflights in a Central European rural landscape mosaic we obtained maximum flight distances of 2.5 km, 1.9 km and 1.3 km for Bombus terrestris (workers), Bombus ruderatus (worker), and Bombus hortorum (young queens), respectively. Bumblebee individuals used large areas (0.25-43.53 ha) within one or a few days. Habitat analyses of one B. hortorum queen at the landscape scale indicated that gardens within villages were used more often than expected from habitat availability. Detailed movement trajectories of this individual revealed that prominent landscape structures (e.g. trees) and flower patches were repeatedly visited. However, we also observed long (i.e. {\textgreater}45 min) resting periods between flights (B. hortorum) and differences in flower-handling between bumblebees with and without transmitters (B. terrestris) suggesting that the current weight of transmitters (200 mg) may still impose significant energetic costs on the insects. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Spatio-temporal movements of bumblebees can now be tracked with telemetry methods. Our measured flight distances exceed many previous estimates of bumblebee foraging ranges and suggest that travelling long distances to food resources may be common. However, even the smallest currently available transmitters still appear to compromise flower handling performance and cause an increase in resting behavior of bees. Future reductions of transmitter mass and size could open up new avenues for quantifying landscape-scale space use of insect pollinators and could provide novel insights into the behavior and requirements of bumblebees during critical life stages, e.g. when searching for mates, nest locations or hibernation sites.},
author = {Hagen, Melanie and Wikelski, Martin and Kissling, W Daniel},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0019997},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Hagen, Wikelski, Kissling{\_}2011{\_}Space use of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) revealed by radio-tracking.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PloS one},
keywords = {Animal,Animals,Bee,Bees,Bees: physiology,Behavior,Dispersal,Ecosystem,Europe,Flight,Movement},
mendeley-tags = {Bee,Dispersal,Movement},
month = {jan},
number = {5},
pages = {e19997},
pmid = {21603569},
title = {{Space use of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) revealed by radio-tracking.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3095635{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
volume = {6},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Shi2015,
abstract = {Random Forest (RF) is a widely used algorithm for classification of remotely sensed data. Most research on image classification with RF has shown it to be useful for producing accurate classifications of non-parametric and high-dimensional data. RF consistently out-performs traditional classifiers and has been shown to be comparable to or better than other statistical and machine learning classifiers. Through a case study in peatland classification using LiDAR-derived DEM, DSM and point cloud derivatives, we present results of an analysis of the effects of input data characteristics on RF classifications. Several characteristics of input imagery and training data are shown to have significant impacts on the results of both out-of-bag and independent classification accuracy. High-dimension datasets should be reduced so that only the uncorrelated important variables are used in classifications. Despite the fact that RF itself is an ensemble approach, iterative classifications are recommended in order to assess the stability of predicted class extents and can be used to examine gradient classes or classes where overlap exists. As many training and validation samples should be collected as possible and independent error assessments should be used in assessing the quality of the classification. A randomly distributed sample of training data should be used or a sample that allows for the class proportions of training data to be representative of those found in the true environment and one that allows for the lowest level of spatial autocorrelation within the independent training data samples. In environments such as peatlands where subtle gradients exist between classes, training samples and input data can have a significant effect on the quality of mapping and monitoring.},
author = {Millard, Koreen and Richardson, Murray C.},
doi = {10.3390/rs70x000x},
isbn = {2072-4292},
issn = {2072-4292},
journal = {Remote Sensing},
keywords = {LiDAR,peatland,random forest classification,training data sample selection},
number = {1-x manuscripts},
pages = {1--26},
title = {{On the importance of training data sample selection in RF classification: a case study in peatland ecosystem mapping}},
volume = {7},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Wolf2015,
author = {Wolf, Julie and West, Tristram O. and {Le Page}, Yannick and Kyle, G. Page and Zhang, Xuesong and Collatz, G James and Imhoff, Marc L},
doi = {10.1002/2015GB005119},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wolf et al. - 2015 - Biogenic carbon fluxes from global agricultural production and consumption.pdf:pdf},
issn = {08866236},
journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
keywords = {10.1002/2015GB005119 and agricultural sustainabili,atmospheric inverse modeling,carbon dioxide,land cover,methane,remote Sensing},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {1617--1639},
title = {{Biogenic carbon fluxes from global agricultural production and consumption}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015GB005119},
volume = {29},
year = {2015}
}
@article{POTTER2003,
author = {Potter, C and Tan, PANG-NING and Steinbach, MICHAEL and Klooster, STEVEN and Kumar, VIPIN and Myeni, RANGA and Genovese, VANESSA},
doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00648.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Potter et al. - 2003 - Major disturbance events in terrestrial ecosystems detected using global satellite data sets.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1354-1013},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
keywords = {17 february 2003,carbon,climate,disturbance,ecosystems,february 2003 and accepted,received 13 september 2002,remote sensing,revised version received 12},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {1005--1021},
title = {{Major disturbance events in terrestrial ecosystems detected using global satellite data sets}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00648.x},
volume = {9},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Rocchini2010,
abstract = {Environmental heterogeneity is considered to be one of the main factors associated with biodiversity given that areas with highly heterogeneous environments can host more species due to their higher number of available niches. In this view, spatial variability extracted from remotely sensed images has been used as a proxy of species diversity, as these data provide an inexpensive means of deriving environmental information for large areas in a consistent and regular manner. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art in the use of spectral heterogeneity for estimating species diversity. We will examine a number of issues related to this theme, dealing with: i) the main sensors used for biodiversity monitoring, ii) scale matching problems between remotely sensed and field diversity data, iii) spectral heterogeneity measurement techniques, iv) types of species taxonomic diversity measures and how they influence the relationship between spectral and species diversity, v) spectral versus genetic diversity, and vi) modeling procedures for relating spectral and species diversity. Our review suggests that remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity information provides a crucial baseline for rapid estimation or prediction of biodiversity attributes and hotspots in space and time. ?? 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
author = {Rocchini, Duccio and Balkenhol, Niko and Carter, Gregory a. and Foody, Giles M. and Gillespie, Thomas W. and He, Kate S. and Kark, Salit and Levin, Noam and Lucas, Kelly and Luoto, Miska and Nagendra, Harini and Oldeland, Jens and Ricotta, Carlo and Southworth, Jane and Neteler, Markus},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.06.001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2010/Rocchini et al.{\_}2010{\_}Remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity as a proxy of species diversity Recent advances and open challenges.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1574-9541},
issn = {15749541},
journal = {Ecological Informatics},
keywords = {Airborne sensors,Alpha-diversity,Beta-diversity,Biodiversity,Distance decay,Environmental heterogeneity,Satellite imagery,Spectral Variation Hypothesis},
number = {5},
pages = {318--329},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity as a proxy of species diversity: Recent advances and open challenges}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.06.001},
volume = {5},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Oindo2000,
abstract = {Species richness, or simply the number of species in a given area, is commonly used as an important indicator of biological diversity. Spatial variability in species richness has been postulated to depend upon environmental factors such as climate and climatic variability, which in turn may affect net primary productivity. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been shown to be correlated with climatic variables including rainfall, actual evapotranspiration and net primary productivity. To determine factors favoring high species richness, we examined the relationship between interannual NDVI variables and species richness of birds at a quarter degree scale (55 × 55 km). Results revealed a strong positive correlation between species richness and maximum average NDVI. Conversely, species richness showed negative correlation with standard deviation of maximum NDVI and the coefficient of variation. Though these relationships are indirect, they apparently operate through the green vegetation cover. Understanding such relationships can help in mapping and monitoring biological diversity, as well as in estimating changes in species richness in response to global climatic change.},
author = {Oindo, B O and {De By}, R A and Skidmore, A K},
doi = {10.1016/S0303-2434(00)85011-4},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Oindo, De By, Skidmore - 2000 - Interannual variability of NDVI and bird species diversity in Kenya.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0143116001001},
issn = {03032434},
journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
keywords = {AVHRR-NDVI,Birds,Kenya,Mapping,Species richness,Time series analysis},
month = {jan},
number = {3-4},
pages = {172--180},
title = {{Interannual variability of NDVI and bird species diversity in Kenya}},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33646246207{\&}partnerID=40{\&}md5=5de5d05ee05a5dcf7d7b5140581c3821},
volume = {2},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Pereira2013,
abstract = {A global system of harmonized observations is needed to inform scientists and policy-makers.},
author = {Pereira, H M and Ferrier, S. and Walters, M. and Geller, G. N. and Jongman, R. H. G. and Scholes, R. J. and Bruford, M. W. and Brummitt, N. and Butchart, S. H. M. and Cardoso, A. C. and Coops, N. C. and Dulloo, E. and Faith, D. P. and Freyhof, J. and Gregory, R. D. and Heip, C. and Hoft, R. and Hurtt, G. and Jetz, W. and Karp, D. S. and McGeoch, M. A. and Obura, D. and Onoda, Y. and Pettorelli, N. and Reyers, B. and Sayre, R. and Scharlemann, J P W and Stuart, S. N. and Turak, E. and Walpole, M. and Wegmann, M.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1229931},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pereira et al. - 2013 - Essential Biodiversity Variables.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0036-8075},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {GE170 Environmental policy,GE300 Environmental management,QH0075 Nature conservation},
month = {jan},
number = {6117},
pages = {277--278},
pmid = {23329036},
title = {{Essential Biodiversity Variables}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1229931 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1229931},
volume = {339},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Ings2009,
abstract = {1. A fundamental goal of ecological network research is to understand how the complexity observed in nature can persist and how this affects ecosystem functioning. This is essential for us to be able to predict, and eventually mitigate, the consequences of increasing environmental perturbations such as habitat loss, climate change, and invasions of exotic species. 2. Ecological networks can be subdivided into three broad types: 'traditional' food webs, mutualistic networks and host-parasitoid networks. There is a recent trend towards cross-comparisons among network types and also to take a more mechanistic, as opposed to phenomenological, perspective. For example, analysis of network configurations, such as compartments, allows us to explore the role of co-evolution in structuring mutualistic networks and host-parasitoid networks, and of body size in food webs. 3. Research into ecological networks has recently undergone a renaissance, leading to the production of a new catalogue of evermore complete, taxonomically resolved, and quantitative data. Novel topological patterns have been unearthed and it is increasingly evident that it is the distribution of interaction strengths and the configuration of complexity, rather than just its magnitude, that governs network stability and structure. 4. Another significant advance is the growing recognition of the importance of individual traits and behaviour: interactions, after all, occur between individuals. The new generation of high-quality networks is now enabling us to move away from describing networks based on species-averaged data and to start exploring patterns based on individuals. Such refinements will enable us to address more general ecological questions relating to foraging theory and the recent metabolic theory of ecology. 5. We conclude by suggesting a number of 'dead ends' and 'fruitful avenues' for future research into ecological networks.},
author = {Ings, Thomas C and Montoya, Jos{\'{e}} M and Bascompte, Jordi and Bl{\"{u}}thgen, Nico and Brown, Lee and Dormann, Carsten F and Edwards, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Figueroa, David and Jacob, Ute and Jones, J Iwan and Lauridsen, Rasmus B and Ledger, Mark E and Lewis, Hannah M and Olesen, Jens M and van Veen, F J Frank and Warren, Phil H and Woodward, Guy},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01460.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2009/Ings et al.{\_}2009{\_}Ecological networks--beyond food webs.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1365-2656},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
keywords = {Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Behavior,Biological Evolution,Ecological Network,Ecology,Ecology: methods,Ecology: trends,Food Chain,Interaction Networks,Review},
mendeley-tags = {Ecological Network,Interaction Networks,Review},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {253--69},
pmid = {19120606},
title = {{Ecological networks--beyond food webs.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19120606},
volume = {78},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Guttery2013,
author = {Guttery, Michael R. and Dahlgren, David K. and Messmer, Terry A. and Connelly, John W. and Reese, Kerry P. and Terletzky, Pat A. and Burkepile, Nathan and Koons, David N.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0065582},
editor = {Boyce, Mark S.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Guttery et al. - 2013 - Effects of Landscape-Scale Environmental Variation on Greater Sage-Grouse Chick Survival.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {e65582},
title = {{Effects of Landscape-Scale Environmental Variation on Greater Sage-Grouse Chick Survival}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065582},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Pysek2003,
abstract = {Temporal patterns of immigration to the country were analysed using 668 alien species in the flora of the Czech Republic for which the dates of the first record were available (64.8{\%} of the total number of 1031 so-called neophytes, i.e. aliens introduced after the year 1500). After a period of initial slow increase lasting to the 1840s, the accumulation of neophytes over time could be best fitted by a linear model that explained 97{\%} of the variance. The intensity of floristic research, which varied between periods, did not significantly affect the overall increase in the number of aliens. The effect of species traits on the year of introduction was evaluated, with continent of origin, introduction type (deliberate or accidental), life history, Grime's life strategy, onset of flowering, mode of dispersal and propagule size as explanatory variables. Species of European origin and CSR strategists arrived earlier than those with other origins and strategies. Deliberately introduced species appeared earlier than accidental arrivals, and those cultivated for utilitary reasons on average arrived earlier than ornamentals. Species capable of early flowering were remarkably more prevalent among early newcomers. A separate analysis of accidentally introduced American species also identified life history as a significant predictor of immigration time, with annuals being introduced earlier than biennials and perennials. The data contribute to an understanding of a crucial stage of the invasion process that has received little attention in the literature. The model "early alien" to Central Europe is a European species with a CSR strategy deliberately brought for cultivation as a utilitary plant. Once it escaped from cultivation, its establishment in the wild was favoured by its ability to flower early and, therefore, complete the life cycle.},
author = {Pysek, Petr and S{\'{a}}dlo, Jir{\'{i}} and Mand{\'{a}}k, Bohumil and Jaros{\'{i}}k, Vojtech},
doi = {10.1007/s00442-002-1170-7},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2003/Pysek et al.{\_}2003{\_}Czech alien flora and the historical pattern of its formation what came first to Central Europe.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0029-8549},
issn = {0029-8549},
journal = {Oecologia},
keywords = {15th Century,16th Century,17th Century,18th Century,19th Century,20th Century,Adaptation,Czech Republic,Ecosystem,Environmental Monitoring,Europe,Flowers,Historical pattern,History,Invasion biology,Medieval,Paper,Physiological,Plants,Population Dynamics,Reproduction,Study,Survival,alien flora,history,immigration pattern,invasion,origin,species traits,year of introduction},
mendeley-tags = {Invasion biology,Paper,Study},
month = {mar},
number = {1},
pages = {122--30},
pmid = {12647111},
title = {{Czech alien flora and the historical pattern of its formation: what came first to Central Europe?}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12647111},
volume = {135},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Sheldon2011,
abstract = {Both tropical and temperate species are responding to global warming through range shifts, but our understanding of the consequences of these shifts for whole communities is limited. Here, we use current elevational range data for six taxonomic groups spanning 90° in latitude to examine the potential impacts of climate-driven range shifts on community change, or 'disassembly', across latitude. Elevational ranges are smaller at low latitudes for most groups and, as a consequence, tropical communities appear to be more sensitive to temperature increases compared with temperate communities. Under site-specific temperature projections, we generally found greater community disassembly in tropical compared with temperate communities, although this varied by dispersal assumptions. Mountain height can impact the amount of community disassembly, with greater change occurring on smaller mountains. Finally, projected community disassembly was higher for ectotherms than endotherms, although the variation among ectotherms was greater than the variation separating endotherms and ectotherms.},
author = {Sheldon, Kimberly S and Yang, Sylvia and Tewksbury, Joshua J and Letters, Ecology},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01689.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Sheldon et al.{\_}2011{\_}Climate change and community disassembly impacts of warming on tropical and temperate montane community structure.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1461-0248},
journal = {Ecology letters},
keywords = {Altitude,Animals,Beetles,Biological,Climate Change,Computer Simulation,Ecosystem,Models,Tropical Climate,Vertebrates,biodiversity,dispersal,ecology letters,ectotherms,elevational gradient,endotherms,extinction risk,geographical range,latitude,mountain,range shifts,tropics},
month = {oct},
number = {12},
pages = {1191--1200},
pmid = {21978234},
title = {{Climate change and community disassembly: impacts of warming on tropical and temperate montane community structure.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21978234 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01689.x/full},
volume = {14},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Gorelick2017,
author = {Gorelick, Noel and Hancher, Matt and Dixon, Mike and Ilyushchenko, Simon and Thau, David and Moore, Rebecca},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gorelick et al. - 2017 - Google Earth Engine Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Analysis,Big data,Cloud computing,Data democratization,Earth Engine,Platform},
month = {dec},
number = {2016},
pages = {18--27},
publisher = {The Authors},
title = {{Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425717302900},
volume = {202},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Bluthgen2011,
abstract = {Ecological niche breadth (specialisation) and niche differentiation (complementarity) play a key role for species coexistence and hence biodiversity. Some niche dimensions of a species represent ecosystem functions or services such as pollination (functional niche). When species differ in their contribution to some collective function (functional complementarity), this implies that functions from several species are required for a high overall functional performance level. Applied to plant–pollinator interactions, functional complementary suggests that a higher diversity of pollinators contributes to an increased pollination success of the plants or, in turn, that a higher diversity of flowers may better sustain the consumers' requirements. Complementarity can affect functioning at different scales: the collective functioning of the target community, a single species, an individual or even a part of the individual, e.g. a single flower. Recent network analyses revealed that plant–pollinator interactions display a relatively high extent of complementary specialisation at the community scale. We propose several mechanisms that generate complementarity. From the consumers' viewpoint, differences in flowering phenology and/or nutritional variation in floral resources (nectar, pollen) may explain a complementary role of different flower species. From the plant's viewpoint, temporal or environmental variation in the pollinator species' activities may contribute to complementary effects on pollination of plant communities. In addition, different species may also pollinate either more exposed or more sheltered flowers from the same plant individual, or vary in their functions within single flowers. So far, empirical evidence for complementary effects in general, and particularly mechanistic explanations of such effects are scant and will require comparative investigations at multiple scales in the future. Such studies will help us to understand if and how biodiversity maintains the quality and quantity of plant–pollinator functional relationships.},
author = {Bl{\"{u}}thgen, Nico and Klein, Alexandra-Maria AM},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2010.11.001},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Bl{\"{u}}thgen, Klein{\_}2011{\_}Functional complementarity and specialisation The role of biodiversity in plant–pollinator interactions(2).pdf:pdf;:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bl{\"{u}}thgen, Klein - 2011 - Functional complementarity and specialisation The role of biodiversity in plant–pollinator interactions.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1439-1791},
issn = {14391791},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
keywords = {2',Biodiversity,Complementary specialisation,Ecological networks,Ecological niche,Ecosystem functioning,H,H2′,Interaction Networks,Method-Paper,Mutualism,Nutrition,Pollination,Redundancy},
mendeley-tags = {Biodiversity,Interaction Networks,Method-Paper},
month = {jun},
number = {4},
pages = {282--291},
title = {{Functional complementarity and specialisation: The role of biodiversity in plant–pollinator interactions}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1439179110001350 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179110001350},
volume = {12},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Fahrig2013,
abstract = {I challenge (1) the assumption that habitat patches are natural units of measurement for species richness, and (2) the assumption of distinct effects of habitat patch size and isolation on species richness. I propose a simpler view of the relationship between habitat distribution and species richness, the ‘habitat amount hypothesis', and I suggest ways of testing it. The habitat amount hypothesis posits that, for habitat patches in a matrix of non-habitat, the patch size effect and the patch isolation effect are driven mainly by a single underlying process, the sample area effect. The hypothesis predicts that species richness in equal-sized sample sites should increase with the total amount of habitat in the ‘local landscape' of the sample site, where the local landscape is the area within an appropriate distance of the sample site. It also predicts that species richness in a sample site is independent of the area of the particular patch in which the sample site is located (its ‘local patch'), except insofar as the area of that patch contributes to the amount of habitat in the local landscape of the sample site. The habitat amount hypothesis replaces two predictor variables, patch size and isolation, with a single predictor variable, habitat amount, when species richness is analysed for equal-sized sample sites rather than for unequal-sized habitat patches. Studies to test the hypothesis should ensure that ‘habitat' is correctly defined, and the spatial extent of the local landscape is appropriate, for the species group under consideration. If supported, the habitat amount hypothesis would mean that to predict the relationship between habitat distribution and species richness: (1) distinguishing between patch-scale and landscape-scale habitat effects is unnecessary; (2) distinguishing between patch size effects and patch isolation effects is unnecessary; (3) considering habitat configuration independent of habitat amount is unnecessary; and (4) delineating discrete habitat patches is unnecessary.},
author = {Fahrig, Lenore},
doi = {10.1111/jbi.12130},
editor = {Triantis, Kostas},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fahrig - 2013 - Rethinking patch size and isolation effects the habitat amount hypothesis.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1365-2699},
issn = {03050270},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
keywords = {Edge effect,Habitat fragmentation,Habitat loss,Local landscape,Local patch,Matrix quality,Nested subsets,SLOSS,Species accumulation curve,Species-area relationship},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1649--1663},
title = {{Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: the habitat amount hypothesis}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jbi.12130},
volume = {40},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Swetnam2011,
abstract = {We present a GIS method to interpret qualitatively expressed socio-economic scenarios in quantitative map-based terms. (i) We built scenarios using local stakeholders and experts to define how major land cover classes may change under different sets of drivers; (ii) we formalized these as spatially explicit rules, for example agriculture can only occur on certain soil types; (iii) we created a future land cover map which can then be used to model ecosystem services. We illustrate this for carbon storage in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania using two scenarios: the first based on sustainable development, the second based on 'business as usual' with continued forest-woodland degradation and poor protection of existing forest reserves. Between 2000 and 2025 4{\%} of carbon stocks were lost under the first scenario compared to a loss of 41{\%} of carbon stocks under the second scenario. Quantifying the impacts of differing future scenarios using the method we document here will be important if payments for ecosystem services are to be used to change policy in order to maintain critical ecosystem services.},
author = {Swetnam, R D and Fisher, B and Mbilinyi, B P and Munishi, P K T and Willcock, S and Ricketts, T and Mwakalila, S and Balmford, A and Burgess, N D and Marshall, A R and Lewis, S L},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.007},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Swetnam et al.{\_}2011{\_}Mapping socio-economic scenarios of land cover change a GIS method to enable ecosystem service modelling.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-8630},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
keywords = {Africa,Ecosystem,Geographic Information Systems,Mapping,Models,Socioeconomic Factors,Tanzania,Theoretical},
mendeley-tags = {Africa,Mapping},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {563--74},
pmid = {20932636},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Mapping socio-economic scenarios of land cover change: a GIS method to enable ecosystem service modelling.}},
volume = {92},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Odum1969,
abstract = {The principle of ecological succession bear importantly on the relationships between man and nature. The framework of successional theory needs to be examined as a basis for resolving man's present environmental crisis. Most ideas pertaining to the development of ecological systems are based on descriptive data obtained by observing changes in biotic communities over long periods, or on highly theoretical assumptions; very few of the generally accepterd hypotheses have been tested experimentally. Some of the confusion, vagueness and lack of experimental work in this area stems from the tendency of ecologiusts to regard "succession" as a single straitforward idea; in actual fact, it entails an interacting complex of processes, some of which counteract one another.},
author = {Odum, E P},
doi = {10.1126/science.164.3877.262},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Odum - 1969 - The Strategy of Ecosystem Development.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0842252010},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {apr},
number = {3877},
pages = {262--270},
pmid = {5776636},
title = {{The Strategy of Ecosystem Development}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.164.3877.262},
volume = {164},
year = {1969}
}
@article{Olden2003,
abstract = {The widespread replacement of native species with cosmopolitan, nonnative species is homogenizing the global fauna and flora. While the empirical study of biotic homogenization is substantial and growing, theoretical aspects have yet to be explored. Consequently, the breadth of possible ecological mechanisms that can shape current and future patterns and rates of homogenization remain largely unknown. Here, we develop a conceptual model that describes 14 potential scenarios by which species invasions and/or extinctions can lead to various trajectories of biotic homogenization (increased community similarity) or differentiation (decreased community similarity); we then use a simulation approach to explore the model's predictions. We found changes in community similarity to vary with the type and number of nonnative and native species, the historical degree of similarity among the communities, and, to a lesser degree, the richness of the recipient communities. Homogenization is greatest when similar species invade communities, causing either no extinction or differential extinction of native species. The model predictions are consistent with current empirical data for fish, bird, and plant communities and therefore may represent the dominant mechanisms of contemporary homogenization. We present a unifying model illustrating how the balance between invading and extinct species dictates the outcome of biotic homogenization. We conclude by discussing a number of critical but largely unrecognized issues that bear on the empirical study of biotic homogenization, including the importance of spatial scale, temporal scale, and data resolution. We argue that the study of biotic homogenization needs to be placed in a more mechanistic and predictive framework in order for studies to provide adequate guidance in conservation efforts to maintain regional distinctness of the global biota.},
author = {Olden, Julian D and Poff, N LeRoy},
doi = {10.1086/378212},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Olden, Poff - 2003 - Toward a mechanistic understanding and prediction of biotic homogenization.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00030147},
issn = {0003-0147},
journal = {The American naturalist},
keywords = {Biological,Computer Simulation,Conservation of Natural Resources,Ecosystem,Models,Movement,Movement: physiology,Population Dynamics,Species Specificity},
number = {4},
pages = {442--460},
pmid = {14582007},
title = {{Toward a mechanistic understanding and prediction of biotic homogenization.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14582007},
volume = {162},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Woinarski2009,
abstract = {Context. World-wide, primary forest is in decline. This places increasing importance on understanding the use by biodiversity of regrowth (secondary) forest, and on the management of such regrowth. Aims. This study aimed to compare the terrestrial vertebrate assemblages in tropical eucalypt forests, regrowth in these forests (following clearing for pastoral intensification) and cleared land without regrowth, to provide evidence for developing management guidelines for regrowth vegetation in a region (the Daly catchment of the Northern Territory) subject to increasing demands for land-use intensification. Methods. The terrestrial vertebrate fauna was surveyed consistently at 43 quadrats sampling forest, 38 sampling regrowth and 19 sampling cleared land (formerly forest), and the faunal composition was compared with ordination and analysis of variance. Further analysis used generalised linear modelling to include consideration of the relative importance of disturbance (condition) of quadrats. Key results. Faunal assemblages in regrowth vegetation were found to be intermediate between cleared land and intact forest, and converged towards the faunal assemblage typical of intact forest with increase in the canopy height of the regrowth. However, even the tallest regrowth quadrats that were sampled supported relatively few hollow-associated species. The management of. re, weeds and grazing pressure substantially affected the faunal assemblages of the set of regrowth and intact forest quadrats, in many cases being a more important determinant of faunal attributes than was whether or not the quadrat had been cleared. Conclusions. In this region, regrowth vegetation has value as habitat for fauna, with this value increasing as the regrowth structure increases. The convergence of the faunal composition of regrowth vegetation to that of intact forest may be substantially affected by post-clearing management factors (including. re regime and level of grazing pressure and weed infestation). Implications. Regrowth vegetation should be afforded appropriate regulatory protection, with the level of protection increasing as the regrowth increases in stature.},
author = {Woinarski, J. C Z and Rankmore, B. and Hill, B. and Griffiths, A. D. and Stewart, A. and Grace, B.},
doi = {10.1071/WR08128},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Woinarski et al. - 2009 - Fauna assemblages in regrowth vegetation in tropical open forests of the Northern Territory, Australia.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {10353712},
issn = {1035-3712},
journal = {Wildlife Research},
number = {8},
pages = {675},
title = {{Fauna assemblages in regrowth vegetation in tropical open forests of the Northern Territory, Australia}},
url = {http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=WR08128},
volume = {36},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Scheffers2016,
author = {Scheffers, B.R. and DeMeester, L. and Bridge, T.C.L. and Hoffmann, A.A. and Pandolfi, J.M. and Corlett, R.T and Butchart, S.H.M. and {P. Pearce-Kelly}, K.M. Kovacs and Dudgeon, D. and Pacifici, M. and Rondinini, C. and Foden, W.B. and Martin, T.G. and Mora, C. and Bickford, D. and Watson, J.E.M.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aaf7671},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Scheffers et al. - 2016 - The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
title = {{The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people.}},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Andersen2009,
abstract = {There is an apparent gap between the prominence of present theoretical frameworks involving ecological thresholds and regime shifts, and the paucity of efforts to conduct simple tests and quantitative inferences on the actual appearance of such phenomena in ecological data. A wide range of statistical methods and analytical techniques are now available that render these questions tractable, some of them even dating back half a century. Yet, their application has been sparse and confined within a narrow subset of cases of ecological regime shifts. Our objective is to raise awareness on the range of techniques available, and to their principles and limitations, to promote a more operational approach to the identification of ecological thresholds and regime shifts. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Andersen, Tom and Carstensen, Jacob and Hern{\'{a}}ndez-Garc{\'{i}}a, Emilio and Duarte, Carlos M.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Andersen et al. - 2009 - Ecological thresholds and regime shifts approaches to identification.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0169-5347},
issn = {01695347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {49--57},
pmid = {18952317},
title = {{Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: approaches to identification}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534708003054},
volume = {24},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Tscharntke2012a,
abstract = {Under the current scenario of rapid human population increase, achieving efficient and productive agricultural land use while conserving biodiversity is a global challenge. There is an ongoing debate whether land for nature and for production should be segregated (land sparing) or integrated on the same land (land sharing, wildlife-friendly farming). While recent studies argue for agricultural intensification in a land sparing approach, we suggest here that it fails to account for real-world complexity. We argue that agriculture practiced under smallholder farmer-dominated landscapes and not large-scale farming, is currently the backbone of global food security in the developing world. Furthermore, contemporary food usage is inefficient with one third wasted and a further third used inefficiently to feed livestock and that conventional intensification causes often overlooked environmental costs. A major argument for wildlife friendly farming and agroecological intensification is that crucial ecosystem services are provided by " planned" and " associated" biodiversity, whereas the land sparing concept implies that biodiversity in agroecosystems is functionally negligible. However, loss of biological control can result in dramatic increases of pest densities, pollinator services affect a third of global human food supply, and inappropriate agricultural management can lead to environmental degradation. Hence, the true value of functional biodiversity on the farm is often inadequately acknowledged or understood, while conventional intensification tends to disrupt beneficial functions of biodiversity. In conclusion, linking agricultural intensification with biodiversity conservation and hunger reduction requires well-informed regional and targeted solutions, something which the land sparing vs sharing debate has failed to achieve so far. ?? 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
author = {Tscharntke, Teja and Clough, Yann and Wanger, Thomas C. and Jackson, Louise and Motzke, Iris and Perfecto, Ivette and Vandermeer, John and Whitbread, Anthony},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.068},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tscharntke et al. - 2012 - Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0006-3207},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
keywords = {Biofuel directive,Food wastage,Land grabbing,Land sparing vs sharing,Wildlife-friendly farming,Yield-biodiversity trade offs},
number = {1},
pages = {53--59},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.068},
volume = {151},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Petrou2015,
author = {Petrou, Zisis I. and Manakos, Ioannis and Stathaki, Tania},
doi = {10.1007/s10531-015-0947-z},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Petrou, Manakos, Stathaki - 2015 - Remote sensing for biodiversity monitoring a review of methods for biodiversity indicator extraction.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0960-3115},
journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
keywords = {Aichi Targets,Biodiversity indicator,CBD biodiversity indicators,Ecosystem monitoring,Indicator estimation,Remote sensing,aichi targets {\'{a}} cbd,biodiversity indicator {\'{a}} remote,biodiversity indicators {\'{a}} ecosystem,browzine,monitoring,sensing {\'{a}} indicator estimation,{\'{a}}},
mendeley-tags = {browzine},
month = {sep},
number = {10},
pages = {2333--2363},
title = {{Remote sensing for biodiversity monitoring: a review of methods for biodiversity indicator extraction and assessment of progress towards international targets}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-015-0947-z},
volume = {24},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Lovei1996,
abstract = {The ground beetles from the speciose beetle family Carabidae and, since their emergence in the Tertiary, have populated all habitats except deserts. Our knowledge about carabids is biased toward species living in north-temperate regions. Most carabids are predatory, consume a wide range of food types, and experience food shortages in the field. Feeding on both plant and animal material and scavenging are probably more significant than currently acknowledged. The most important mortality sources are abiotic factors and predators; pathogens and parasites can be important for some developmental stages. Although competition among larvae and adults does occur, the importance of competition as a community organization is not proven. Carabids are abundant in agricultural fields all over the world and may be important natural enemies of agricultural pests.},
author = {L{\"{o}}vei, G L and Sunderland, K D},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.001311},
issn = {0066-4170},
journal = {Annual review of entomology},
keywords = {assemblages,bionomics,carabidae,coleoptera,populations},
month = {jan},
number = {1 12},
pages = {231--56},
pmid = {15012329},
title = {{Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae).}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15012329},
volume = {41},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Ricketts2001,
abstract = {Traditional approaches to the study of fragmented landscapes invoke an island-ocean model and assume that the nonhabitat matrix surrounding remnant patches is uniform. Patch isolation, a crucial parameter to the predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theories, is measured by distance alone. To test whether the type of interpatch matrix can contribute significantly to patch isolation, I conducted a mark-recapture study on a butterfly community inhabiting meadows in a naturally patchy landscape. I used maximum likelihood to estimate the relative resistances of the two major matrix types (willow thicket and conifer forest) to butterfly movement between meadow patches. For four of the six butterfly taxa (subfamilies or tribes) studied, conifer was 3-12 times more resistant than willow. For the two remaining taxa (the most vagile and least vagile in the community), resistance estimates for willow and conifer were not significantly different, indicating that responses to matrix differ even among closely related species. These results suggest that the surrounding matrix can significantly influence the "effective isolation" of habitat patches, rendering them more or less isolated than simple distance or classic models would indicate. Modification of the matrix may provide opportunities for reducing patch isolation and thus the extinction risk of populations in fragmented landscapes.},
author = {Ricketts, Taylor H},
doi = {10.1086/320863},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ricketts - 2001 - The Matrix Matters Effective Isolation in Fragmented Landscapes.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0003-0147},
issn = {0003-0147},
journal = {The American Naturalist},
keywords = {because many species inhabit,but-,dispersal,fragmentation,landscape ecology,matrix,maximum likelihood,patchy landscapes,terflies,the effects},
month = {jul},
number = {1},
pages = {87--99},
pmid = {18707317},
title = {{The Matrix Matters: Effective Isolation in Fragmented Landscapes}},
url = {http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/320863},
volume = {158},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Alcamo2011,
author = {Alcamo, Joseph and Schaldach, R{\"{u}}diger and Koch, Jennifer and K{\"{o}}lking, Christina and Lapola, David and Priess, J{\"{o}}rg},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.03.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Alcamo et al.{\_}2011{\_}Evaluation of an integrated land use change model including a scenario analysis of land use change for continental Af.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13648152},
journal = {Environmental Modelling {\&} Software},
keywords = {LANDSHIFT,Land use,Modelling,land use change modeling},
mendeley-tags = {LANDSHIFT,Land use,Modelling},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {1017--1027},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Evaluation of an integrated land use change model including a scenario analysis of land use change for continental Africa}},
volume = {26},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Cohen2018,
author = {Cohen, Warren B and Yang, Zhiqiang and Healey, Sean P and Kennedy, Robert E and Gorelick, Noel},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.015},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cohen et al. - 2018 - A LandTrendr multispectral ensemble for forest disturbance detection.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Disturbance signal-to-noise ratio,Forest disturbance,Landsat time series,Multispectral change detection,Stacking ensemble},
month = {feb},
number = {July},
pages = {131--140},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{A LandTrendr multispectral ensemble for forest disturbance detection}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.015 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425717305576},
volume = {205},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Meiners2014,
author = {Meiners, Scott J. and Cadotte, Marc W. and Fridley, Jason D. and Pickett, Steward T. a. and Walker, Lawrence R.},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12391},
editor = {Thompson, Ken},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meiners et al. - 2015 - Is successional research nearing its climax New approaches for understanding dynamic communities.pdf:pdf},
issn = {02698463},
journal = {Functional Ecology},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {154--164},
title = {{Is successional research nearing its climax? New approaches for understanding dynamic communities}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2435.12391},
volume = {29},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Morris2013,
abstract = {Ecological research relies increasingly on the use of previously collected data. Use of existing datasets allows questions to be addressed more quickly, more generally, and at larger scales than would otherwise be possible. As a result of large-scale data collection efforts, and an increasing emphasis on data publication by journals and funding agencies, a large and ever-increasing amount of ecological data is now publicly available via the internet. Most ecological datasets do not adhere to any agreed-upon standards in format, data structure or method of access. Some may be broken up across multiple files, stored in compressed archives, and violate basic principles of data structure. As a result acquiring and utilizing available datasets can be a time consuming and error prone process. The EcoData Retriever is an extensible software framework which automates the tasks of discovering, downloading, and reformatting ecological data files for storage in a local data file or relational database. The automation of these tasks saves significant time for researchers and substantially reduces the likelihood of errors resulting from manual data manipulation and unfamiliarity with the complexities of individual datasets.},
author = {Morris, Benjamin D. and White, Ethan P.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0065848},
editor = {Swenson, Nathan G.},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morris, White - 2013 - The EcoData Retriever Improving Access to Existing Ecological Data.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {10.1371/journal.pone.0065848},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
month = {jun},
number = {6},
pages = {e65848},
pmid = {23785456},
title = {{The EcoData Retriever: Improving Access to Existing Ecological Data}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065848},
volume = {8},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Sela2012,
abstract = {Longitudinal data refer to the situation where repeated observations are available for each sampled object. Clustered data, where observations are nested in a hierarchical structure within objects (without time necessarily being involved) represent a similar type of situation. Methodologies that take this structure into account allow for the possibilities of systematic differences between objects that are not related to attributes and autocorrelation within objects across time periods. A standard methodology in the statistics literature for this type of data is the mixed effects model, where these differences between objects are represented by so-called “random effects” that are estimated from the data (population-level relationships are termed “fixed effects,” together resulting in a mixed effects model). This paper presents a methodology that combines the structure of mixed effects models for longitudinal and clustered data with the flexibility of tree-based estimation methods. We apply the resulting estimation method, called the RE-EM tree, to pricing in online transactions, showing that the RE-EM tree is less sensitive to parametric assumptions and provides improved predictive power compared to linear models with random effects and regression trees without random effects. We also apply it to a smaller data set examining accident fatalities, and show that the RE-EM tree strongly outperforms a tree without random effects while performing comparably to a linear model with random effects. We also perform extensive simulation experiments to show that the estimator improves predictive performance relative to regression trees without random effects and is comparable or superior to using linear models with random effects in more general situations.},
author = {Sela, Rebecca J. and Simonoff, Jeffrey S.},
doi = {10.1007/s10994-011-5258-3},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sela, Simonoff - 2012 - RE-EM trees a data mining approach for longitudinal and clustered data.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0885-6125},
issn = {0885-6125},
journal = {Machine Learning},
keywords = {CART,Clustered data,Longitudinal data,Mixed effects model,Panel data,Random effects,Regression tree},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {169--207},
title = {{RE-EM trees: a data mining approach for longitudinal and clustered data}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10994-011-5258-3},
volume = {86},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Nieuwenhuis2012,
author = {Nieuwenhuis, Rense and te Grotenhuis, Manfred and Pelzer, Ben},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nieuwenhuis, Grotenhuis, Pelzer - 2012 - Influence.ME Tools for Detecting Influential Data in Mixed Effects Models.pdf:pdf},
journal = {R Journal},
keywords = {R-Library,Statistic},
mendeley-tags = {R-Library,Statistic},
number = {2},
pages = {38--47},
title = {{Influence.ME: Tools for Detecting Influential Data in Mixed Effects Models}},
volume = {4},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Song2001,
abstract = {The electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals collected by satellites in the solar spectrum are modified by scattering and absorption by gases and aerosols while traveling through the atmosphere from the Earth's surface to the sensor. When and how to correct the atmospheric effects depend on the remote sensing and atmospheric data available, the information desired, and the analytical methods used to extract the information. In many applications involving classification and change detection, atmospheric correction is unnecessary as long as the training data and the data to be classified are in the same relative scale. In other circumstances, corrections are mandatory to put multitemporal data on the same radiometric scale in order to monitor terrestrial surfaces over time. A multitemporal dataset consisting of seven Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images from 1988 to 1996 of the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China was used to compare seven absolute and one relative atmospheric correction algorithms with uncorrected raw data. Based on classification and change detection results, all corrections improved the data analysis. The best overall results are achieved using a new method which adds the effect of Rayleigh scattering to conventional dark object subtraction. Though this method may not lead to accurate surface reflectance, it best minimizes the difference in reflectances within a land cover class through time as measured with the Jeffries-Matusita distance. Contrary to expectations, the more complicated algorithms do not necessarily lead to improved performance of classification and change detection. Simple dark object subtraction, with or without the Rayleigh atmosphere correction, or relative atmospheric correction are recommended for classification and change detection applications. {\textcopyright}Elsevier Science Inc., 2001.},
author = {Song, Conghe and Woodcock, Curtis E. and Seto, Karen C. and Lenney, Mary Pax and Macomber, Scott a.},
doi = {10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00169-3},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Song et al. - 2001 - Classification and Change Detection Using Landsat TM Data.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
month = {feb},
number = {2},
pages = {230--244},
title = {{Classification and Change Detection Using Landsat TM Data}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425700001693},
volume = {75},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Dornelas2013,
author = {Dornelas, Maria and Magurran, Anne E. and Buckland, Stephen T. and Chao, Anne and Chazdon, Robin L. and Colwell, Robert K and Curtis, Tom and Gaston, Kevin J. and Gotelli, Nicholas J and Kosnik, Matthew a. and McGill, Brian and McCune, Jenny L. and Morlon, Helene and Mumby, Peter J. and Ovreas, Lise and Studeny, Angelika and Vellend, Mark},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.1931},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2013/Dornelas et al.{\_}2013{\_}Quantifying temporal change in biodiversity challenges and opportunities.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0962-8452},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {ecology,environmental science},
month = {nov},
number = {1750},
pages = {20121931--20121931},
title = {{Quantifying temporal change in biodiversity: challenges and opportunities}},
url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/280/1750/20121931.short http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rspb.2012.1931},
volume = {280},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Keane2009,
abstract = {This paper examines the past, present, and future use of the concept of historical range and variability (HRV) in land management. The history, central concepts, benefits, and limitations of HRV are presented along with a discussion on the value of HRV in a changing world with rapid climate warming, exotic species invasions, and increased land development. This paper is meant as a reference on the strengths and limitations of applying HRV in land management. Applications of the HRV concept have specific contexts, constraints, and conditions that are relevant to any application and are influential to the extent to which the concept is applied. These conditions notwithstanding, we suggest that the HRV concept offers an objective reference for many applications, and it still offers a comprehensive reference for the short-term and possible long-term management of our nation's landscapes until advances in technology and ecological research provide more suitable and viable approaches in theory and application.},
author = {Keane, Robert E. and Hessburg, Paul F. and Landres, Peter B. and Swanson, Fred J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.035},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Keane et al. - 2009 - The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0378-1127},
issn = {03781127},
journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
keywords = {Climate change,Ecosystem management,Historical ecology,Land management,Landscape ecology},
month = {sep},
number = {7},
pages = {1025--1037},
title = {{The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037811270900379X},
volume = {258},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Steffen2015a,
abstract = {The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth System. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundaries framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries-climate change and biosphere integrity-have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth System into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {10.1038/461472a},
author = {Steffen, W. and Richardson, K. and Rockstrom, J. and Cornell, S. E. and Fetzer, I. and Bennett, E. M. and Biggs, R. and Carpenter, S. R. and de Vries, W. and de Wit, C. A. and Folke, C. and Gerten, D. and Heinke, J. and Mace, G. M. and Persson, L. M. and Ramanathan, V. and Reyers, B. and Sorlin, S.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1259855},
eprint = {461472a},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Steffen et al. - 2015 - Planetary boundaries Guiding human development on a changing planet.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0036-8075 (Linking)},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
month = {feb},
number = {6223},
pages = {1259855--1259855},
pmid = {25592418},
primaryClass = {10.1038},
title = {{Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2015/01/14/science.1259855.abstract{\%}5Cnhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/1259855 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1259855},
volume = {347},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Gathmann2002,
abstract = {1 Habitat requirements of solitary bees include nesting sites, food resources and nesting material. We used translocation experiments to establish foraging distances and measured foraging trip duration to analyse how solitary bees cope with the distance between nesting sites and suitable food plants in different habitat types. 2 Maximum foraging distance between nesting site and food patch was 150–600 m for the 16 bee species examined. Foraging distance was correlated positively with body length. Mean foraging trip duration, measured for seven bee species, ranged from 6 to 28 min and was also correlated with body length. In a study of the polylectic species Osmia rufa , we found a significant decrease in foraging trip duration with increasing number of plant species. Logistic regressions showed that the oligolectic Megachile lapponica nested in trap nests with a probability of 50{\%} if the distance between trap nest and food patch was less than 250 m. The oligolectic Chelostoma rapunculi utilized trap nests when the distance to the nearest food patch was less than 300 m. 3 These experiments showed that solitary bees have a rather small foraging range so local habitat structure appears to be of more importance than large-scale landscape structure. All requirements for sustaining viable populations must be within this range. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain and restore a dense network of habitat patches in landscapes to ensure long-term sustainability of wild bee diversity and their ecological function as pollinators.},
author = {Gathmann, Achim and Tscharntke, Teja},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2002/Gathmann, Tscharntke{\_}2002{\_}Foraging ranges of solitary bees.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
keywords = {body length,foraging distance,habitat structure,translocation experiments,trap nests},
number = {Westrich 1996},
pages = {757--764},
title = {{Foraging ranges of solitary bees}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00641.x/full},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Bregman2014,
abstract = {The fragmentation of forests is a dominant human impact worldwide with major implications for the conservation and management of ecosystems. Although many studies have assessed the effects of fragmentation on biodiversity at local scales, our understanding of the ecological implications for different functional groups of organisms remains limited, particularly at global scales. Here, we use linear mixed models to explore patterns of occurrence and ecological function of 2844 bird species at 293 localities spanning five continents. We show that sensitivity to fragmentation varies according to functional group and body mass, with the prevalence of insectivores and large frugivores declining in relation to fragment size, particularly under 100. ha. However, the most severe effects were restricted to the tropics, whereas fragmentation had no significant impact on the basic ecological structure of temperate bird communities. We conclude that land-use change in tropical systems is likely to disrupt biotic processes, including seed dispersal and the control of insect herbivores. Our findings highlight the importance of latitude in mediating the impacts of habitat loss, and offer general guidelines for the minimum size of fragments required to prevent the collapse of key ecosystem processes in sensitive regions. ?? 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
author = {Bregman, Tom P. and Sekercioglu, Cagan H. and Tobias, Joseph A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.024},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2014/Bregman, Sekercioglu, Tobias{\_}2014{\_}Global patterns and predictors of bird species responses to forest fragmentation Implications for ecos.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
keywords = {Biodiversity conservation,Birds,Ecological guilds,Forest,Fragmentation,Habitat fragmentation,Human-modified landscapes,Land-use change,Macroecology,Management practice,Resilience},
mendeley-tags = {Birds,Forest,Fragmentation,Macroecology},
month = {jan},
pages = {372--383},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Global patterns and predictors of bird species responses to forest fragmentation: Implications for ecosystem function and conservation}},
volume = {169},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Kleyer2007,
abstract = {Mosaic cycles were originally understood as cyclical regeneration phases in forests. In this review, we shall examine how far the concept can be extended towards cyclical mosaics of habitat quality in patterned landscapes as a special case of 'dynamic landscapes'. We will concentrate on habitats and plants in European temperate agricultural landscapes and grasslands in particular. Mosaic cycles of habitat quality are characterised by spatiotemporal shifts between disturbance and secondary succession. We found evidence for mosaic cycles in traditional agricultural systems, modern crop farming, and in recent conservation management. The relevant disturbance parameters to describe land-use drivers of mosaic cycles are spatial extent, frequency, and magnitude (biomass loss). Land-use-related drivers are usually regular and deterministic in space and time, with the exception of year-round grazing by free-ranging large herbivores. Fluctuating soil resources such as water and nutrients in interaction with climate variability add a stochastic component to these (land-use-related) drivers. The proportion of deterministic and stochastic components and their autocorrelation in time and space divides purely deterministic mosaic cycles from purely stochastic dynamic landscapes. In a second part, we briefly review plant life-history traits that may facilitate survival of plants in mosaic cycles of habitat quality. Theoretical studies emphasise (i) dispersal functions for extinction and recolonisation processes of metapopulations, (ii) storage effects as a component of buffered population growth in response to temporal fluctuations of habitat quality, and (iii) competitive ability in metacommunities. We propose a simple scheme relating these functions to the temporal and spatial correlation of patterned landscapes. There are only a very limited number of field studies available that give some support for the proposed scheme. We provide perspectives for further research in this field. {\textcopyright} 2007 Gesellschaft f{\"{u}}r {\"{O}}kologie.},
author = {Kleyer, Michael and Biedermann, Robert and Henle, Klaus and Obermaier, Elisabeth and Poethke, Hans-Joachim and Poschlod, Peter and Schr{\"{o}}der, Boris and Settele, Josef and Vetterlein, Doris},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2007.02.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/1-s2.0-S1439179107000163-main.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1439-1791},
issn = {14391791},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Autocorrelation,Competitive ability,Dispersal,Dynamic landscape,Habitat quality,Shifting mosaics,Storage effects},
month = {jul},
number = {4},
pages = {295--309},
title = {{Mosaic cycles in agricultural landscapes of Northwest Europe}},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1439179107000163},
volume = {8},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Kremen2007,
abstract = {Many ecosystem services are delivered by organisms that depend on habitats that are segregated spatially or temporally from the location where services are provided. Management of mobile organisms contributing to ecosystem services requires consideration not only of the local scale where services are delivered, but also the distribution of resources at the landscape scale, and the foraging ranges and dispersal movements of the mobile agents. We develop a conceptual model for exploring how one such mobile-agent-based ecosystem service (MABES), pollination, is affected by land-use change, and then generalize the model to other MABES. The model includes interactions and feedbacks among policies affecting land use, market forces and the biology of the organisms involved. Animal-mediated pollination contributes to the production of goods of value to humans such as crops; it also bolsters reproduction of wild plants on which other services or service-providing organisms depend. About one-third of crop production depends on animal pollinators, while 60-90{\%} of plant species require an animal pollinator. The sensitivity of mobile organisms to ecological factors that operate across spatial scales makes the services provided by a given community of mobile agents highly contextual. Services vary, depending on the spatial and temporal distribution of resources surrounding the site, and on biotic interactions occurring locally, such as competition among pollinators for resources, and among plants for pollinators. The value of the resulting goods or services may feed back via market-based forces to influence land-use policies, which in turn influence land management practices that alter local habitat conditions and landscape structure. Developing conceptual models for MABES aids in identifying knowledge gaps, determining research priorities, and targeting interventions that can be applied in an adaptive management context.},
author = {Kremen, Claire and Williams, Neal M and Aizen, Marcelo a and Gemmill-Herren, Barbara and LeBuhn, Gretchen and Minckley, Robert and Packer, Laurence and Potts, Simon G and Roulston, T'ai and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf and V{\'{a}}zquez, Diego P and Winfree, Rachael and Adams, Laurie and Crone, Elizabeth E and Greenleaf, Sarah S and Keitt, Timothy H and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Regetz, James and Ricketts, Taylor H},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01018.x},
issn = {1461-0248},
journal = {Ecology letters},
keywords = {Agricultural,Agricultural: economics,Animals,Bee,Bees,Bees: physiology,Biological,Conservation of Natural Resources,Crops,Ecosystem,Models,Movement,Plant Physiological Phenomena,Pollen,Pollination,Public Policy,Reproduction,Reproduction: physiology},
mendeley-tags = {Bee,Movement,Pollination},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {299--314},
pmid = {17355569},
title = {{Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17355569},
volume = {10},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Chazdon2016,
abstract = {We present a historical overview of forest concepts and definitions, linking these changes with distinct perspectives and management objectives. Policies dealing with a broad range of forest issues are often based on definitions created for the purpose of assessing global forest stocks, which do not distinguish between natural and planted forests or reforests, and which have not proved useful in assessing national and global rates of forest regrowth and restoration. Implementing and monitoring forest and landscape restoration requires additional approaches to defining and assessing forests that reveal the qualities and trajectories of forest patches in a spatially and temporally dynamic landscape matrix. New technologies and participatory assessment of forest states and trajectories offer the potential to operationalize such definitions. Purpose-built and contextualized definitions are needed to support policies that successfully protect, sustain, and regrow forests at national and global scales. We provide a framework to illustrate how different management objectives drive the relative importance of different aspects of forest state, dynamics, and landscape context.},
author = {Chazdon, Robin L. and Brancalion, Pedro H S and Laestadius, Lars and Bennett-Curry, Aoife and Buckingham, Kathleen and Kumar, Chetan and Moll-Rocek, Julian and Vieira, Ima C{\'{e}}lia Guimar{\~{a}}es and Wilson, Sarah Jane},
doi = {10.1007/s13280-016-0772-y},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chazdon et al. - 2016 - When is a forest a forest Forest concepts and definitions in the era of forest and landscape restoration.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0044-7447},
journal = {Ambio},
keywords = {Deforestation,Forest assessment,Forest management,Landscape,Plantation,Reforestation,Restoration},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {538--550},
pmid = {26961011},
title = {{When is a forest a forest? Forest concepts and definitions in the era of forest and landscape restoration}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13280-016-0772-y},
volume = {45},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Stevens2010,
abstract = {Dispersal has recently gained much attention because of its crucial role in the conservation and evolution of species facing major environmental changes such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and their interactions. Butterflies have long been recognized as ideal model systems for the study of dispersal and a huge amount of data on their ability to disperse has been collected under various conditions. However, no single 'best' method seems to exist leading to the co-occurrence of various approaches to study butterfly mobility, and therefore a high heterogeneity among data on dispersal across this group. Accordingly, we here reviewed the knowledge accumulated on dispersal and mobility in butterflies, to detect general patterns. This meta-analysis specifically addressed two questions. Firstly, do the various methods provide a congruent picture of how dispersal ability is distributed across species? Secondly, is dispersal species-specific? Five sources of data were analysed: multisite mark-recapture experiments, genetic studies, experimental assessments, expert opinions, and transect surveys. We accounted for potential biases due to variation in genetic markers, sample sizes, spatial scales or the level of habitat fragmentation. We showed that the various dispersal estimates generally converged, and that the relative dispersal ability of species could reliably be predicted from their relative vagrancy (records of butterflies outside their normal habitat). Expert opinions gave much less reliable estimates of realized dispersal but instead reflected migration propensity of butterflies. Within-species comparisons showed that genetic estimates were relatively invariable, while other dispersal estimates were highly variable. This latter point questions dispersal as a species-specific, invariant trait.},
author = {Stevens, Virginie M and Turlure, Camille and Baguette, Michel},
doi = {10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00119.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2010/Stevens, Turlure, Baguette{\_}2010{\_}A meta-analysis of dispersal in butterflies.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1469-185X},
journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
keywords = {Animal Migration,Animals,Butterflies,Butterflies: physiology,Demography,Dispersal,Ecosystem,Meta-Analysis,Review,Species Specificity},
mendeley-tags = {Dispersal,Meta-Analysis,Review},
month = {aug},
number = {3},
pages = {625--42},
pmid = {20055815},
title = {{A meta-analysis of dispersal in butterflies.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20055815},
volume = {85},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Ayre2009,
abstract = {1. Increased fire frequency is seen as a key threat to plant populations in Mediterranean-type ecosystems across the globe. Short inter-fire periods may exhaust soil-stored and fire-stimulated seed banks of fire-sensitive species, reducing actual and effective population sizes and eroding genetic diversity. 2. Here we used microsatellite genotyping to investigate the genetic impacts of repeated wildfires and, in particular, the contribution of above-ground genetic processes (seed and pollen dispersal) to the genetic structuring and composition of post-fire recruits in an isolated population of the fire-sensitive shrub Persoonia mollis ssp. nectens. 3. We tested the hypothesis that limited pollen and seed dispersal, in combination with the potentially patchy effects of fire at a fine scale within populations, would generate a highly structured population, a decline in genetic diversity after each fire and genetic heterogeneity between successive cohorts. 4. Wildfires killed all 25 adult plants in 1997 and, in 2001, killed all of the 476 seedlings remaining from the 1997 seedling cohort. Although there was no possibility of replenishment of the seed bank in the interval between fires, a second cohort of 381 seedlings emerged after the 2001 fire. 5. We found no evidence that successive fires produced either a decline in genetic diversity, as measured by allelic richness or expected heterozygosity, or the genetic differentiation of adult and successive seedling cohorts (Pairwise F ST = − 0.0125 to 0.0009). The seedling cohorts displayed less genetic structuring than anticipated. Spatial genetic structure was low, ranging from Sp = 0.02 in the 1997 seedlings to Sp = 0.06 in the 2001 seedlings, and using parentage analysis, we found that seedlings clustered under dead adults rarely reflected simple seed shadows. 6. Synthesis. Overall, we found that a numerically large seed bank with a bet-hedging strategy of staged seed germination, in combination with genetic mixing achieved by both pollen and seed dispersal, provides a powerful buffer against the negative impacts of frequent fire in P. mollis ssp. nectens},
author = {Ayre, David J. and Ottewell, Kym M. and Krauss, Siegfried L. and Whelan, Robert J.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01516.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ayre et al. - 2009 - Genetic structure of seedling cohorts following repeated wildfires in the fire-sensitive shrub Persoonia mollis ssp.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0022-0477},
issn = {00220477},
journal = {Journal of Ecology},
keywords = {Fire ecology,Genetic diversity,Microsatellites,Pollen dispersal,Proteaceae,Seed banks,Seed dispersal},
month = {jul},
number = {4},
pages = {752--760},
title = {{Genetic structure of seedling cohorts following repeated wildfires in the fire-sensitive shrub Persoonia mollis ssp. nectens}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01516.x},
volume = {97},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Winfree2011,
author = {Winfree, Rachael and Bartomeus, Ignasi and Cariveau, Daniel P.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145042},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2011/Winfree, Bartomeus, Cariveau{\_}2011{\_}Native Pollinators in Anthropogenic Habitats.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1543-592X},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics},
keywords = {Review,bat,bee,bird,butterfly,disturbance,fly,land-use change,moth,pollination},
mendeley-tags = {Review},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1--22},
title = {{Native Pollinators in Anthropogenic Habitats}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145042},
volume = {42},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Jaeger2000,
abstract = {Anthropogenic fragmentation of landscapes is known as a major reason for the loss of species in industrialized countries. Landscape fragmentation caused by roads, railway lines, extension of settlement areas, etc., further enhances the dispersion of pollutants and acoustic emissions and affects local climatic conditions, water balance, scenery, and land use. In this study, three new measures of fragmentation are introduced: degree of landscape division (D), splitting index (S), and effective mesh size (m). They characterize the anthropogenic penetration of landscapes from a geometric point of view and are calculated from the distribution function of the remaining patch sizes. First, D, S, and m are defined, their mathematical properties are discussed, and their reactions to the six fragmentation phases of perforation, incision, dissection, dissipation, shrinkage, and attrition are analysed. Then they are compared with five other known fragmentation indices with respect to nine suitability criteria such as intuitive interpretation, low sensivity to very small patches, monotonous reaction to different fragmentation phases, and detection of structural differences. Their ability to distinguish spatial patterns is illustrated by means of two series of model patterns. In particular, the effective mesh size (m), representing an intensive and area-proportionately additive measure, proves to be well suited for comparing the fragmentation of regions with differing total size.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:astro-ph/0005074v1},
author = {Jaeger, Jochen A.G.},
doi = {10.1023/A:1008129329289},
eprint = {0005074v1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jaeger - 2000 - Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size new measures of landscape fragmentation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0921-2973},
issn = {09212973},
journal = {Landscape Ecology},
keywords = {Effective mesh size,Fragmentation phases,Landscape division,Landscape fragmentation,Landscape indices,Landscape pattern,Quantitative methods,Spatial heterogeneity,Splitting index},
number = {2},
pages = {115--130},
pmid = {15654087},
primaryClass = {arXiv:astro-ph},
title = {{Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size: new measures of landscape fragmentation}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008129329289},
volume = {15},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Sims2011,
abstract = {The bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) has been widely studied across different vegetation types. However, these studies generally report values for only one point in time. We were interested in the potential for seasonal and inter-annual variation in BRDF parameters. NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on board the EOS satellites has now been collecting data for 10. years. Since BRDF parameters are reported for the individual spectral bands, these data can be used to examine intra-annual variation. However, MODIS BRDF parameters are not calculated for the various vegetation indices which are derived from the spectral bands. Our objective in this study was to use the 10. years of MODIS data now available to examine seasonal and inter-annual variation in the view angle sensitivity of three vegetation indices; the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) at 3 flux tower sites (Harvard Forest, Howland Forest and Morgan Monroe State Forest). For these 3 sites, only EVI was significantly affected by view angle. There was also a substantial variation in the view angle sensitivity of EVI across seasons and this variation was different for backscatter vs. forward scatter data. It is possible that differences in the scattering of radiation between the spring and the fall are responsible for the seasonal difference in view angle sensitivity. There were also complimentary variations in forward and backscatter view angle sensitivity of EVI across years. The greater view angle sensitivity of EVI, as opposed to NDVI, suggests that greater care must be taken to correct for BRDF effects when using this vegetation index. ?? 2011 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Sims, Daniel A. and Rahman, Abdullah F. and Vermote, Eric F. and Jiang, Zuoning},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.018},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sims et al. - 2011 - Seasonal and inter-annual variation in view angle effects on MODIS vegetation indices at three forest sites.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0034-4257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {BRDF,Enhanced vegetation index (EVI),Harvard forest,Howland forest,Morgan Monroe state forest,Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),Photochemical reflectance index (PRI)},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {3112--3120},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Seasonal and inter-annual variation in view angle effects on MODIS vegetation indices at three forest sites}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.06.018 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425711002422},
volume = {115},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Fontaine2008,
author = {Fontaine, Colin and Collin, Carine L. and Dajoz, Isabelle},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01405.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2008/Fontaine, Collin, Dajoz{\_}2008{\_}Generalist foraging of pollinators diet expansion at high density.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00220477},
journal = {Journal of Ecology},
keywords = {Bumblebee,Diet,Optimal Foraging Theory,Study},
mendeley-tags = {Bumblebee,Diet,Optimal Foraging Theory,Study},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {1002--1010},
title = {{Generalist foraging of pollinators: diet expansion at high density}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01405.x},
volume = {96},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Perring2015,
abstract = {One of the major challenges in ecology is to predict how multiple global environmental changes will affect future ecosystem patterns (e.g. plant community composition) and processes (e.g. nutrient cycling). Here, we highlight arguments for the necessary inclusion of land-use legacies in this endeavour. Alterations in resources and conditions engendered by previous land use, together with influences on plant community processes such as dispersal, selection, drift and speciation, have steered communities and ecosystem functions onto trajectories of change. These trajectories may be modulated by contemporary environmental changes such as climate warming and nitrogen deposition. We performed a literature review which suggests that these potential interactions have rarely been investigated. This crucial oversight is potentially due to an assumption that knowledge of the contemporary state allows accurate projection into the future. Lessons from other complex dynamic systems, and the recent recognition of the importance of previous conditions in explaining contemporary and future ecosystem properties, demand the testing of this assumption. Vegetation resurvey databases across gradients of land use and environmental change, complemented by rigorous experiments, offer a means to test for interactions between land-use legacies and multiple environmental changes. Implementing these tests in the context of a trait-based framework will allow biologists to synthesize compositional and functional ecosystem responses. This will further our understanding of the importance of land-use legacies in determining future ecosystem properties, and soundly inform conservation and restoration management actions.},
author = {Perring, Michael P. and {De Frenne}, Pieter and Baeten, Lander and Maes, Sybryn L. and Depauw, Leen and Blondeel, Haben and Car{\'{o}}n, Mar{\'{i}}a Mercedes and Verheyen, Kris},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.13146},
isbn = {13541013},
issn = {1365-2486},
journal = {Global change biology},
keywords = {Climate change,Forest understorey,Functional traits,Historical ecology,Land-use history,Nitrogen deposition,Ozone,Response-and-effect framework,climate change,forest understorey,functional traits,historical ecology,land-use history,nitrogen deposition,ozone,response-and-effect framework},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {1361--71},
pmid = {26546049},
title = {{Global environmental change effects on ecosystems: the importance of land-use legacies.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26546049 http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.13146},
volume = {22},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Pascarella2000,
author = {Pascarella, John and Aide, Mitchell and Serrano, Mayra and Zimmerman, Jess},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pascarella et al. - 2000 - Land-Use History and Regeneration in the Puerto Mountains , Forest Cayey Rico.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Ecosystems},
number = {3},
pages = {217--228},
title = {{Land-Use History and Regeneration in the Puerto Mountains , Forest Cayey Rico}},
volume = {3},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Middleton2006,
abstract = {Question: Can the biodiversity of fens in Europe and North America be maintained through the use of grazing (especially cattle grazing), fire, and/or cutting? Location: European and North American fens. Methods: This paper is a review of the literature on the effects of grazing, fire and cutting on fens, to explore the relationship between management and biodiversity in fens. Results: A reduction of cattle grazing, mowing and burning in fens has led to a reduction in biodiversity in fens. The vegeta- tion of abandoned fens shifts to trees and shrubs after 10-15 years, which shade the smaller and rarer species of these wetlands. While careful use of fire is used to manage fens in North America, it is not widely used in European fens, perhaps because the peat of drained fens may catch fire. Cattle grazing cannot be considered a natural disturbance in North America, since cattle did not evolve on that continent. In Europe, cattle do not generally graze in unaltered fens, but they do use slightly drained fen meadows. Conclusions: Three approaches have been used to control the dominance of tall woody and herbaceous species in aban- doned fens, including the re-introduction of cattle, mowing, and burning. Overgrazing results in a permanent reduction in biodiversity, therefore cattle re-introduction must be ap- proached cautiously. In Europe, but not in North America, mowing has been an important management tool, and mowing has been successful in maintaining species richness, particularly in fens that have been mowed annually for centuries. Fire has been the most common and successful management tool in North America although it is not effective in removing shrubs that have become large. Because the problems and solutions are similar, the literature of both European and North Ameri- can fen management can be analyzed to better assess the management of fens on both continents. Many management questions require further study and these are listed in the paper.},
author = {Middleton, Beth a. and Holsten, Bettina and van Diggelen, Rudy},
doi = {10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[307:BMOFAF]2.0.CO;2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Middleton, Holsten, van Diggelen - 2006 - Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1402-2001},
issn = {1402-2001},
journal = {Applied Vegetation Science},
keywords = {cattle grazing,fire,mowing,plant species richness,sedge meadow},
number = {2},
pages = {307},
title = {{Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[307:BMOFAF]2.0.CO;2},
volume = {9},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Chao2005,
abstract = {The classic Jaccard and Sorensen indices of compositional similarity (and other indices that depend upon the same variables) are notoriously sensitive to sample size, especially for assemblages with numerous rare species. Further, because these indices are based solely on presence-absence data, accurate estimators for them are unattainable. We provide a probabilistic derivation for the classic, incidence-based forms of these indices and extend this approach to formulate new Jaccard-type or Sorensen-type indices based on species abundance data. We then propose estimators for these indices that include the effect of unseen shared species, based on either (replicated) incidence- or abundancebased sample data. In sampling simulations, these new estimators prove to be considerably less biased than classic indices when a substantial proportion of species are missing from samples. Based on species-rich empirical datasets, we show how incorporating the effect of unseen shared species not only increases accuracy but also can change the interpretation of results.},
author = {Chao, Anne and Chazdon, Robin L. and Colwell, Robert K. and Shen, Tsung-Jen},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00707.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chao et al. - 2005 - A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-023X},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Abundance data,Beta diversity,Biodiversity,Complementarity,Incidence data,Shared species,Similarity estimators,Similarity index,Species overlap,Succession},
month = {dec},
number = {2},
pages = {148--159},
pmid = {21769936},
title = {{A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00707.x},
volume = {8},
year = {2005}
}
@article{VanDyck2005,
author = {{Van Dyck}, Hans and Baguette, Michel},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2005.03.005},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/LocalStorage/References/2005/Van Dyck, Baguette{\_}2005{\_}Dispersal behaviour in fragmented landscapes Routine or special movements.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14391791},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
keywords = {Dispersal,Fragmentation,Movement},
mendeley-tags = {Dispersal,Fragmentation,Movement},
month = {dec},
number = {6},
pages = {535--545},
title = {{Dispersal behaviour in fragmented landscapes: Routine or special movements?}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1439179105000460},
volume = {6},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Cai2014,
abstract = {MODIS Collection 5 land cover product (MCD12Q1) provides annually updated global land cover maps since 2001. This time series product has become an essential data source for the generation of many other land surface products and for a variety of regional and global studies. However, classification errors are inherent in the land cover product, which can misrepresent land cover transitions. In particular, land cover transitions are illogical if they contradict ecological rules and are unlikely to be observed. In this study, we evaluated the MODIS land cover product by analyzing the nature and magnitude of its illogical land cover transitions using annual MCD12Q1 land cover maps from 2001 to 2010. Our analysis revealed that illogical transitions exist in the product for all consecutive years, and are distributed most commonly in several regions over the world. To enhance the MODIS land cover product, we applied a spatial-temporal modeling algorithm that incorporates expert knowledge to reduce illogical transitions on five such "hotspot" tiles. The results showed substantial improvements in both accuracy and consistency of the land cover product using the spatial-temporal modeling algorithm. The percentage of illogical transitions in each of the five tiles was significantly reduced among consecutive years and across the entire time series. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the spatial-temporal modeling algorithm for producing high quality time series of land cover maps, and also highlights the importance of temporal consistency in land cover mapping. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Cai, Shanshan and Liu, Desheng and Sulla-Menashe, Damien and Friedl, Mark A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.012},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cai et al. - 2014 - Enhancing MODIS land cover product with a spatial–temporal modeling algorithm.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {00344257},
issn = {00344257},
journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
keywords = {Classification,Illogical transition,Land cover change,MODIS,Markov random fields},
month = {may},
pages = {243--255},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Enhancing MODIS land cover product with a spatial–temporal modeling algorithm}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.012 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425714000832},
volume = {147},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Lindenmayer2008,
abstract = {The management of landscapes for biological conservation and ecologically sustainable natural resource use are crucial global issues. Research for over two decades has resulted in a large literature, yet there is little consensus on the applicability or even the existence of general principles or broad considerations that could guide landscape conservation. We assess six major themes in the ecology and conservation of landscapes. We identify 13 important issues that need to be considered in developing approaches to landscape conservation. They include recognizing the importance of landscape mosaics (including the integration of terrestrial and aquatic areas), recognizing interactions between vegetation cover and vegetation configuration, using an appropriate landscape conceptual model, maintaining the capacity to recover from disturbance and managing landscapes in an adaptive framework. These considerations are influenced by landscape context, species assemblages and management goals and do not translate directly into on-the-ground management guidelines but they should be recognized by researchers and resource managers when developing guidelines for specific cases. Two crucial overarching issues are: (i) a clearly articulated vision for landscape conservation and (ii) quantifiable objectives that offer unambiguous signposts for measuring progress.},
author = {Lindenmayer, David and Hobbs, Richard J. and Montague-Drake, Rebecca and Alexandra, Jason and Bennett, Andrew and Burgman, Mark and Cale, Peter and Calhoun, Aram and Cramer, Viki and Cullen, Peter and Driscoll, Don and Fahrig, Lenore and Fischer, Joern and Franklin, Jerry and Haila, Yrjo and Hunter, Malcolm and Gibbons, Philip and Lake, Sam and Luck, Gary and MacGregor, Chris and McIntyre, Sue and {Mac Nally}, Ralph and Manning, Adrian and Miller, James and Mooney, Hal and Noss, Reed and Possingham, Hugh and Saunders, Denis and Schmiegelow, Fiona and Scott, Michael and Simberloff, Dan and Sisk, Tom and Tabor, Gary and Walker, Brian and Wiens, John and Woinarski, John and Zavaleta, Erika},
doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01114.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lindenmayer et al. - 2008 - A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for conservation.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1461-023X},
issn = {1461023X},
journal = {Ecology Letters},
keywords = {Connectivity,Ecosystem processes,Land use change,Landscape conservation,Landscape models,Resilience,Thresholds},
number = {1},
pages = {78--91},
pmid = {17927771},
title = {{A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for conservation}},
volume = {11},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Storfer2007,
author = {Storfer, a and Murphy, M a and Evans, J S and Goldberg, C S and Robinson, S and Spear, S F and Dezzani, R and Delmelle, E and Vierling, L and Waits, L P},
doi = {10.1038/sj.hdy.6800917},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/mj291/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Storfer et al. - 2007 - Putting the ‘landscape' in landscape genetics.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0018-067X},
journal = {Heredity},
keywords = {landscape ecology,landscape genetics,population genetics,spatial analysis,spatial sampling,sp

license: MIT

license_type: permissive

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib