text:
of malignant complications such as small bowel adenocarcinoma and lymphoma, and osteopenia. The main cause of resistance to gluten free diet is its poor observance. If not the case, serious complications of celiac disease, such as clonal refractory celiac sprue and intestinal T-cell lymphoma should be suspected. Current therapeutic challenges concern alternative to gluten free diet and new efficient treatments of lymphomatous complications.},
   keywords = {Adult
Amenorrhea/etiology
Anemia/etiology
Arthritis/etiology
Biomarkers/blood
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/*diet therapy/epidemiology/immunology
Child
Diagnosis, Differential
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Intestine, Small/pathology
Prognosis
Stomatitis, Aphthous/etiology},
   ISSN = {0248-8663},
   Accession Number = {20359791},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.revmed.2009.04.009},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Malamut, G. and Meresse, B. and Cellier, C. and Cerf-Bensussan, N.},
   title = {[Celiac disease in 2009: a future without gluten-free diet?]},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {33},
   number = {8-9},
   pages = {635-47},
   note = {Malamut, G
Meresse, B
Cellier, C
Cerf-Bensussan, N
English Abstract
Historical Article
Journal Article
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009 Aug-Sep;33(8-9):635-47. doi: 10.1016/j.gcb.2009.07.007. Epub 2009 Aug 13.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is an enteropathy related to autoimmune diseases induced by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Its prevalence is of 1% in Europe and United States. Its clinical presentation is extremely various and diagnosis relies on the detection of specific serum antibodies and on the demonstration of intestinal villous atrophy. Treatment relies on a life-long gluten free diet which prevents bone, autoimmune and malignant complications. The keystone of its pathogenesis is the interaction of gliadin peptides with HLA DQ2/8 molecules, the main genetic risk factor, which induces the activation of CD4+ T-cells in the lamina propria. Yet, complementary mechanisms are necessary to provoke the loss of tolerance to gluten which involves the cytokine IL-15 responsible of the activation/expansion of intraepithelial lymphocytes, a hallmark of the origin of the severe lymphomatous complications. The burden of the gluten-free diet leads to a strong demand for alternative treatments. Numerous strategies have been identified to prevent the recognition of gliadin peptides by the immune system. Their efficiency and safety remained to be evaluated, the most attainable strategy today being oral therapy by enzymes able to eliminate gluten immunogenicity.},
   keywords = {*Celiac Disease/diagnosis/etiology/history/physiopathology/therapy
Forecasting
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {19682814},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.gcb.2009.07.007},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Malamut, G. and Verkarre, V. and Suarez, F. and Viallard, J. F. and Lascaux, A. S. and Cosnes, J. and Bouhnik, Y. and Lambotte, O. and Bechade, D. and Ziol, M. and Lavergne, A. and Hermine, O. and Cerf-Bensussan, N. and Cellier, C.},
   title = {The enteropathy associated with common variable immunodeficiency: the delineated frontiers with celiac disease},
   journal = {Am J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {105},
   number = {10},
   pages = {2262-75},
   note = {1572-0241
Malamut, Georgia
Verkarre, Virginie
Suarez, Felipe
Viallard, Jean-Francois
Lascaux, Anne-Sophie
Cosnes, Jacques
Bouhnik, Yoram
Lambotte, Olivier
Bechade, Dominique
Ziol, Marianne
Lavergne, Anne
Hermine, Olivier
Cerf-Bensussan, Nadine
Cellier, Christophe
Journal Article
United States
Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;105(10):2262-75. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.214. Epub 2010 Jun 15.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The enteropathy associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is poorly characterized, and its possible relationships with well-defined causes of enteropathy, such as celiac sprue (CS), remain debated. We aimed to assess the clinical and histopathological features of the enteropathy associated with CVID. METHODS: The medical files of 50 CVID patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed retrospectively. Histological, phenotypic, and molecular analysis of intestinal endoscopic specimens was centrally performed. RESULTS: Chronic diarrhea was the most frequent gastrointestinal symptom (92%), and biological evidence of malabsorption was observed in 54% of patients. Chronic gastritis associated or not with pernicious anemia and microscopic colitis were the most frequently observed histopathological features in gastric and colonic mucosa, respectively. Small-bowel biopsies available in 41 patients showed moderate increase in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in 31 patients (75.6%) and villous atrophy in 21 patients (51%). Distinctive features from CS were a profound depletion in plasma cells and follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Presence of peripheral blood CD8+ hyperlymphocytosis was predictive of intestinal intraepithelial hyperlymphocytosis. Intravenous (i.v.) immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy had no effect on enteropathy-related symptoms. Gluten-free diet improved only two out of 12 patients with villous atrophy, whereas all patients (7/7) responded to steroid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Several distinctive features differentiate CVID enteropathy from other causes of enteropathy including CS. Replacement i.v. Ig therapy is insufficient to improve gastrointestinal symptoms. Steroids are effective in reducing inflammation and restoring mucosal architecture.},
   keywords = {Atrophy/pathology
Celiac Disease/complications/*pathology/physiopathology
Colon/*pathology/physiopathology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications/*pathology/physiopathology
Diagnosis, Differential
Diarrhea/complications/physiopathology
Gastritis/complications/physiopathology
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology/physiopathology
Intestine, Small/*pathology/physiopathology
Medical Records
Plasma Cells/pathology
Retrospective Studies},
   ISSN = {0002-9270},
   Accession Number = {20551941},
   DOI = {10.1038/ajg.2010.214},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Malterre, T.},
   title = {Digestive and nutritional considerations in celiac disease: could supplementation help?},
   journal = {Altern Med Rev},
   volume = {14},
   number = {3},
   pages = {247-57},
   note = {Malterre, Tom
Journal Article
Review
United States
Altern Med Rev. 2009 Sep;14(3):247-57.},
   abstract = {Due to the increased immune activation in the intestinal tract of people with celiac disease, the digestive and absorptive processes of those affected may be compromised. Individuals with celiac disease are more susceptible to pancreatic insufficiencies, dysbiosis, lactase insufficiencies, and folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, and vitamin D deficiencies, as well as accelerated bone loss due to an increase in inflammatory signaling molecules. Beyond strict maintenance of a gluten-free diet, research has shown benefit with additional nutritional supplementation to assist in regulation of several of these complications.},
   keywords = {Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy/etiology
Celiac Disease/complications/*drug therapy
*Dietary Supplements
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/drug therapy/etiology
Folic Acid/*therapeutic use
Humans
Iron, Dietary/*therapeutic use
Lactose Intolerance/drug therapy/etiology
Nutritional Support
Vitamin B 12/*therapeutic use
Vitamin D/*therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {1089-5159 (Print)
1089-5159},
   Accession Number = {19803549},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Manavalan, J. S. and Hernandez, L. and Shah, J. G. and Konikkara, J. and Naiyer, A. J. and Lee, A. R. and Ciaccio, E. and Minaya, M. T. and Green, P. H. and Bhagat, G.},
   title = {Serum cytokine elevations in celiac disease: association with disease presentation},
   journal = {Hum Immunol},
   volume = {71},
   number = {1},
   pages = {50-7},
   note = {1879-1166
Manavalan, John Sanil
Hernandez, Lincoln
Shah, Jayesh Girish
Konikkara, John
Naiyer, Afzal Jamal
Lee, Anne Roland
Ciaccio, Edward
Minaya, Maria Theresa
Green, Peter H R
Bhagat, Govind
Journal Article
United States
Hum Immunol. 2010 Jan;71(1):50-7. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.09.351.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by an immune response to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Although considered a primary gastrointestinal disease, CD is now known to have widespread systemic manifestations. We attempted to define the nature and role of systemic cytokine levels in the pathophysiology of CD. Multiplex cytokine assays were performed on four different groups of adult patients; patients with active CD (ACD), patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) with positive TTG IgA antibodies, patients on a GFD with negative antibodies, and those with refractory CD (RCD). The results were compared with values in healthy adult controls. Patients with active CD and those on GFD with positive antibodies had significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, and also T(h)-2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10, compared with normal controls and patients on GFD without antibodies. Interestingly patients on GFD for less than 1 year had significantly higher levels of both proinflammatory cytokines and T(h)2 cytokines compared with the patients on GFD for more than 1 year. In addition, a statistically significant correlation between levels of TTG IgA titers and serum levels of T(h)-2 cytokines IL-4 (p < 0.001), IL-10 (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1alpha (p < 0.001), IL-1beta (p < 0.005), and IL-8 (p < 0.05) was observed.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*blood/diet therapy/*immunology/pathology
Cytokines/*blood/*immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/analysis
Intestine, Small/immunology/pathology
Transglutaminases/immunology},
   ISSN = {0198-8859},
   Accession Number = {19735687},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.humimm.2009.09.351},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Manchanda, S. and Davies, C. R. and Picchietti, D.},
   title = {Celiac disease as a possible cause for low serum ferritin in patients with restless legs syndrome},
   journal = {Sleep Med},
   volume = {10},
   number = {7},
   pages = {763-5},
   note = {1878-5506
Manchanda, Shalini
Davies, Charles R
Picchietti, Daniel
Case Reports
Journal Article
Netherlands
Sleep Med. 2009 Aug;10(7):763-5. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.07.014. Epub 2009 Jan 12.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe celiac disease (CD) as a possible cause for low serum ferritin in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS). BACKGROUND: Low iron stores have been found to be a risk factor for RLS with serum ferritin levels less than 45-50 ng/mL associated with increased severity of RLS. It has become routine clinical practice to test serum ferritin in the initial assessment of RLS. CD is a common genetic disorder that can cause iron deficiency. METHODS: Consecutive case series of four patients with RLS and serum ferritin below 25 ng/mL, who had positive screening tests for celiac disease. RESULTS: We report four patients who had serum ferritin < 12 ng/mL and positive screening tests for CD. All had CD confirmed by duodenal biopsy and response to a gluten-free diet. RLS symptoms improved in all four, with two able to discontinue RLS medication and two responding without medication. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with RLS and low serum ferritin who do not have an obvious cause for iron deficiency, we suggest looking for CD by simple, inexpensive serologic testing. Diagnosis and treatment of CD is likely to improve the outcome for RLS, as well as identify individuals who are at risk for the significant long-term complications of CD.},
   keywords = {Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*blood/*complications
Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/pathology
Female
Ferritins/*blood
Humans
Mass Screening
Middle Aged
Restless Legs Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis
Severity of Illness Index},
   ISSN = {1389-9457},
   Accession Number = {19138881},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.sleep.2008.07.014},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Maniar, V. P. and Yadav, S. S. and Gokhale, Y. A.},
   title = {Intractable seizures and metabolic bone disease secondary to celiac disease},
   journal = {J Assoc Physicians India},
   volume = {58},
   pages = {512-5},
   note = {Maniar, Vashishth P
Yadav, Sameer S
Gokhale, Yojana A
Case Reports
Journal Article
India
J Assoc Physicians India. 2010 Aug;58:512-5.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is Gluten sensitive enteropathy with a wide spectrum of severity and protean clinical manifestations. Patients with atypical (non-diarrhoeal) presentations are missed as the diagnosis of Celiac Disease is not considered. We present three young girls (ages 18, 19, 23 at presentation) who were admitted to our hospital as intractable seizures. All had low serum calcium, features of rickets/osteomalacia and anaemia. This prompted us to consider malabsorption due to CD. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed by serologic tests (IgA transglutaminase and IgG antigliadin antibodies) and biopsy of the duodenum. In all patients gluten free diet not only provided drug free control of seizures but also helped correct other features of malabsorption like hypocalcaemia and anaemia as the primary pathology behind these symptoms was corrected. We wish to highlight that hypocalcaemia of CD which may present as intractable seizures can be treated only by treating CD with gluten free diet and not by oral vitamin D and Calcium alone.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/blood/*complications/*etiology
Celiac Disease/complications/*diagnosis/*diet therapy/immunology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Duodenum/pathology
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin G
Malabsorption Syndromes/*etiology
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0004-5772 (Print)
0004-5772},
   Accession Number = {21189704},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Marietta, E. V. and Rashtak, S. and Murray, J. A.},
   title = {Correlation analysis of celiac sprue tissue transglutaminase and deamidated gliadin IgG/IgA},
   journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {15},
   number = {7},
   pages = {845-8},
   note = {2219-2840
Marietta, Eric V
Rashtak, Shadi
Murray, Joseph A
R01 DK057892/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK071003/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
5R01DK057892-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
5R01DK071003-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Feb 21;15(7):845-8.},
   abstract = {AIM: To indirectly determine if tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-specific T cells play a crucial role in the propagation of celiac disease. METHODS: Anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) and anti-tTG IgA and IgG were measured in the sera of celiac patients (both untreated and treated). The correlations were determined by Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS: In celiac patients, we found a very significant correlation between the production of DGP IgA and IgG (r = 0.75), indicating a simultaneous and ongoing production of these two isotypes reminiscent of oral vaccination studies. However, there was far less association between the production of tTG IgA and tTG IgG in celiac patients (r = 0.52). While tTG IgA was significantly correlated with DGP IgA (r = 0.80) and DGP IgG (r = 0.67), there was a weak correlation between production of anti-tTG IgG and the production of anti-DGP IgA (r = 0.38) and anti-DGP IgG (r = 0.43). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that the production of anti-tTG IgA is directly correlated to the production of anti-DGP IgG and IgA, whereas anti-tTG IgG is only weakly correlated. This result therefore supports the hapten-carrier theory that in well-established celiac patients anti-tTG IgA is produced by a set of B cells that are reacting against the complex of tTG-DGP in the absence of a tTG-specific T cell.},
   keywords = {Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/blood
Autoantibodies/blood
Celiac Disease/blood/diet therapy/*enzymology/*immunology
Diet
Gliadin/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*blood
Immunoglobulin G/*blood
Transglutaminases/*metabolism},
   ISSN = {1007-9327},
   Accession Number = {19230045},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Marine, M. and Fernandez-Banares, F. and Alsina, M. and Farre, C. and Cortijo, M. and Santaolalla, R. and Salas, A. and Tomas, M. and Abugattas, E. and Loras, C. and Ordas, I. and Viver, J. M. and Esteve, M.},
   title = {Impact of mass screening for gluten-sensitive enteropathy in working population},
   journal = {World J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {15},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1331-8},
   note = {2219-2840
Marine, Meritxell
Fernandez-Banares, Fernando
Alsina, Montserrat
Farre, Carme
Cortijo, Montserrat
Santaolalla, Rebeca
Salas, Antonio
Tomas, Margarita
Abugattas, Elias
Loras, Carme
Ordas, Ingrid
Viver, Josep-M
Esteve, Maria
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar 21;15(11):1331-8.},
   abstract = {AIM: To assess: (1) frequency and clinical relevance of gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) detected by serology in a mass screening program; (2) sensitivity of antitransglutaminase (tTGA) and antiendomysium antibodies (EmA); and (3) adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD) and follow-up. METHODS: One thousand, eight hundred and sixty-eight subjects recruited from an occupational health department underwent analysis for tTGA and EmA and, if positive, duodenal biopsy, DQ2/DQ8 genotyping, clinical feature recording, blood tests, and densitometry were performed. Since > 98% of individuals had tTGA < 2 U/mL, this value was established as the cut-off limit of normality and was considered positive when confirmed twice in the same sample. Adherence to a GFD and follow up were registered. RESULTS: Twenty-six (1.39%) subjects had positive tTGA and/or EmA, and 21 underwent biopsy: six Marsh III (one IIIa, four IIIb, one IIIc), nine Marsh I and six Marsh 0 (frequency of GSE 1:125). The sensitivity of EmA for GSE was 46.6% (11.1% for Marsh I, 100% for Marsh III), while for tTGA, it was 93.3% (88.8% for Marsh I, 100% for Marsh III). All 15 patients with abnormal histology had clinical features related to GSE. Marsh I and III subjects had more abdominal pain than Marsh 0 (P = 0.029), and a similar trend was observed for distension and diarrhea. No differences in the percentage of osteopenia were found between Marsh I and III (P = 0.608). Adherence to follow-up was 69.2%. Of 15 GSE patients, 66.7% followed a GFD with 80% responding to it. CONCLUSION: GSE in the general population is frequent and clinically relevant, irrespective of histological severity. tTGA is the marker of choice. Mass screening programs are useful in identifying patients who can benefit from GFD and follow-up.},
   keywords = {Atrophy
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*epidemiology/genetics/immunology/pathology
Duodenum/immunology/pathology
Follow-Up Studies
Genetic Markers
HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics/immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/blood
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology/physiopathology
Mass Screening/*methods
Occupational Health Services/statistics & numerical data
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Spain/epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Transglutaminases/immunology},
   ISSN = {1007-9327},
   Accession Number = {19294762},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Martel, J. and Sussman, D. A. and Goldberg, R. I. and Valantas, M. and Barkin, J. S.},
   title = {Benign small bowel thickening and lymphadenopathy: a manifestation of celiac disease},
   journal = {Dig Dis Sci},
   volume = {54},
   number = {4},
   pages = {902-5},
   note = {1573-2568
Martel, Jerry
Sussman, Daniel A
Goldberg, Robert I
Valantas, Michael
Barkin, Jamie S
Case Reports
Journal Article
United States
Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):902-5. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0426-4. Epub 2008 Aug 21.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/complications/diet therapy/*pathology
Female
Humans
Intestine, Small/*pathology
Lymphatic Diseases/etiology/*pathology
Male
Remission Induction},
   ISSN = {0163-2116},
   Accession Number = {18716877},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10620-008-0426-4},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Martin-Arruti, M. and Irastorza, I. and de Prado, E. and Martin-Sanchez, E. and Martin-Guerrero, I. and Ballesteros, J. and Vitoria, J. C. and Garcia-Orad, A.},
   title = {Chromosome instability in lymphocytes of children with coeliac disease},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {49},
   number = {1},
   pages = {143-6},
   note = {1536-4801
Martin-Arruti, Maialen
Irastorza, Inaki
de Prado, Elena
Martin-Sanchez, Esperanza
Martin-Guerrero, Idoia
Ballesteros, Javier
Vitoria, Juan Carlos
Garcia-Orad, Africa
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Jul;49(1):143-6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818c5294.},
   abstract = {Undiagnosed individuals with celiac disease (CD) or those who do not comply with gluten-free diet (GFD) are at a higher risk of developing malignancies. A possible origin of chromosomal alteration in autoimmune reaction could be mistakes in the rearrangement of V(D)J of the IgH gene. Our aim was to verify whether higher genomic instability was found in coeliac individuals and whether GFD reduced it. As marker of genomic instability we analysed the frequency of 2 translocations, t(14;18) and t(11;14), in peripheral blood by nested PCR, in 37 patients with CD at diagnosis, 27 patients with CD after 2 years on GFD, and 36 control individuals. No significant differences were found.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/blood/*genetics/therapy
Child
Child, Preschool
*Chromosomal Instability
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulins/*genetics
*Lymphocytes
Male
Polymerase Chain Reaction
*Translocation, Genetic
VDJ Exons},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {19516193},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818c5294},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mason, M. C.},
   title = {The confusing condition},
   journal = {Nurs Stand},
   volume = {24},
   number = {10},
   pages = {20},
   note = {Mason, Mary-Claire
Journal Article
England
Nurs Stand. 2009 Nov 11-17;24(10):20.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition brought on by gluten in the diet. Its signs and symptoms commonly lead to misdiagnosis, leaving individuals at risk of long-term complications.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/epidemiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
United Kingdom/epidemiology},
   ISSN = {0029-6570 (Print)
0029-6570},
   Accession Number = {19947090},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Masselli, G. and Picarelli, A. and Di Tola, M. and Libanori, V. and Donato, G. and Polettini, E. and Piermattei, A. and Palumbo, P. and Pittalis, A. and Saponara, A. and Gualdi, G.},
   title = {Celiac disease: evaluation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging},
   journal = {Radiology},
   volume = {256},
   number = {3},
   pages = {783-90},
   note = {1527-1315
Masselli, Gabriele
Picarelli, Antonio
Di Tola, Marco
Libanori, Valerio
Donato, Giuseppe
Polettini, Elisabetta
Piermattei, Alessandra
Palumbo, Piergaspare
Pittalis, Angelo
Saponara, Annarita
Gualdi, Gianfranco
Journal Article
United States
Radiology. 2010 Sep;256(3):783-90. doi: 10.1148/radiol.10092160. Epub 2010 Jul 27.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To prospectively determine mural perfusion dynamics in patients with untreated celiac disease by using dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to compare these dynamics with those in a control population and in patients with celiac disease treated with a gluten-free diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent from all participants were obtained. Sixty consecutive patients with untreated celiac disease, 45 patients with celiac disease treated with a gluten-free diet for at least 1 year, and 30 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging was performed by using a 1.5-T MR unit. For each MR imaging examination, maximum enhancement, slope of enhancement, and time-signal intensity curves were calculated at the level of the descending duodenal wall. Duodenal wall thickness was also evaluated. Statistical evaluation was performed by using one-way analysis of variance, and the results were confirmed by using the Bartlett test for equal variances and complemented by using Bonferroni multiple comparison, linear correlation, and the Student t test for paired data. RESULTS: Mean maximum enhancement of the duodenal wall was significantly higher in patients with untreated celiac disease (229.1 +/- 46.4 [standard deviation]) than in patients with treated celiac disease (109.8 +/- 27.8) and control subjects (94.7 +/- 17.9) (P < .001 for each comparison). All 60 untreated patients showed a curve characterized by fast enhancement and washout (type 4), while all 45 treated patients and the 30 control subjects showed a curve characterized by slow constant enhancement (type 2). Mean duodenal wall thickness was not significantly different between untreated patients (2.2 mm +/- 0.4), treated patients (2.0 mm +/- 0.3), and control subjects (2.0 mm +/- 0.4) (one-way analysis of variance, P = .4177; Bartlett test, P = .6951). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that dynamic evaluation of the bowel wall by using contrast-enhanced MR imaging can be an effective and reproducible way to show the inflammation state in celiac disease.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*pathology
Contrast Media
Diet, Gluten-Free
Electrolytes
Female
Humans
Image Enhancement/methods
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
Male
Meglumine
Middle Aged
Organometallic Compounds
Polyethylene Glycols
Prospective Studies
Reproducibility of Results},
   ISSN = {0033-8419},
   Accession Number = {20663971},
   DOI = {10.1148/radiol.10092160},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mattoo, A. K. and Shukla, V. and Fatima, T. and Handa, A. K. and Yachha, S. K.},
   title = {Genetic engineering to enhance crop-based phytonutrients (nutraceuticals) to alleviate diet-related diseases},
   journal = {Adv Exp Med Biol},
   volume = {698},
   pages = {122-43},
   note = {Mattoo, Autar K
Shukla, Vijaya
Fatima, Tahira
Handa, Avtar K
Yachha, Surender K
Journal Article
Review
United States
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;698:122-43.},
   abstract = {Nutrition studies have provided unambiguous evidence that a number of human health maladies including chronic coronary artery, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer and age- and lifestyle-related diseases are associated with the diet. Several favorable and a few deleterious natural dietary ingredients have been identified that predispose human populations to various genetic and epigenetic based disorders. Media dissemination of this information has greatly raised public awareness of the beneficial effects due to increased consumption of fruit, vegetables and whole grain cereals-foods rich in phytonutrients, protein and fiber. However, the presence of intrinsically low levels of the beneficial phytonutrients in the available genotypes of crop plants is not always at par with the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for different phytonutrients (nutraceuticals). Molecular engineering of crop plants has offered a number of tools to markedly enhance intracellular concentrations of some of the beneficial nutrients, levels that, in some cases, are closer to the RDA threshold. This review brings together literature on various strategies utilized for bioengineering both major and minor crops to increase the levels of desirable phytonutrients while also decreasing the concentrations of deleterious metabolites. Some of these include increases in: protein level in potato; lysine in corn and rice; methionine in alfalfa; carotenoids (beta-carotene, phytoene, lycopene, zeaxanthin and lutein) in rice, potato, canola, tomato; choline in tomato; folates in rice, corn, tomato and lettuce; vitamin C in corn and lettuce; polyphenolics such as flavonol, isoflavone, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid and other flavonoids in tomato; anthocyanin levels in tomato and potato; alpha-tocopherol in soybean, oil seed, lettuce and potato; iron and zinc in transgenic rice. Also, molecular engineering has succeeded in considerably reducing the levels of the offending protein glutelin in rice, offering proof of concept and a new beginning for the development of super-low glutelin cereals for celiac disease patients.},
   keywords = {Antioxidants/therapeutic use
Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use
Carotenoids/therapeutic use
Cell Proliferation
*Crops, Agricultural
*Diet
*Dietary Supplements
Flavonoids/therapeutic use
Folic Acid/therapeutic use
Genetic Engineering/*methods
Humans
Iron/metabolism
Nutrition Disorders/*diet therapy
Phenols/therapeutic use
Plant Extracts/chemistry/*therapeutic use
Polyphenols
Tocopherols/therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {0065-2598 (Print)
0065-2598},
   Accession Number = {21520708},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mazumdar, K. and Alvarez, X. and Borda, J. T. and Dufour, J. and Martin, E. and Bethune, M. T. and Khosla, C. and Sestak, K.},
   title = {Visualization of transepithelial passage of the immunogenic 33-residue peptide from alpha-2 gliadin in gluten-sensitive macaques},
   journal = {PLoS One},
   volume = {5},
   number = {4},
   pages = {e10228},
   note = {1932-6203
Mazumdar, Kaushiki
Alvarez, Xavier
Borda, Juan T
Dufour, Jason
Martin, Edith
Bethune, Michael T
Khosla, Chaitan
Sestak, Karol
R01DK076653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
R01DK063158/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
P51 RR000164/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK076653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
P51RR000164/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
R01 DK063158/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
PLoS One. 2010 Apr 19;5(4):e10228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010228.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Based on clinical, histopathological and serological similarities to human celiac disease (CD), we recently established the rhesus macaque model of gluten sensitivity. In this study, we further characterized this condition based on presence of anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) antibodies, increased intestinal permeability and transepithelial transport of a proteolytically resistant, immunotoxic, 33-residue peptide from alpha(2)-gliadin in the distal duodenum of gluten-sensitive macaques. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Six rhesus macaques were selected for study from a pool of 500, including two healthy controls and four gluten-sensitive animals with elevated anti-gliadin or anti-TG2 antibodies as well as history of non-infectious chronic diarrhea. Pediatric endoscope-guided pinch biopsies were collected from each animal's distal duodenum following administration of a gluten-containing diet (GD) and again after remission by gluten-free diet (GFD). Control biopsies always showed normal villous architecture, whereas gluten-sensitive animals on GD exhibited histopathology ranging from mild lymphocytic infiltration to villous atrophy, typical of human CD. Immunofluorescent microscopic analysis of biopsies revealed IgG+ and IgA+ plasma-like cells producing antibodies that colocalized with TG2 in gluten-sensitive macaques only. Following instillation in vivo, the Cy-3-labeled 33-residue gluten peptide colocalized with the brush border protein villin in all animals. In a substantially enteropathic macaque with "leaky" duodenum, the peptide penetrated beneath the epithelium into the lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The rhesus macaque model of gluten sensitivity not only resembles the histopathology of CD but it also may provide a model for studying intestinal permeability in states of epithelial integrity and disrepair.},
   keywords = {Animals
Celiac Disease
Disease Models, Animal
Duodenum/immunology/metabolism/pathology
Epithelium/*metabolism
Gliadin/analysis/*immunology/metabolism
Glutens/administration & dosage/*immunology/pharmacology
Humans
Macaca
Peptide Fragments/analysis/*immunology/metabolism
Permeability
Protein Transport},
   ISSN = {1932-6203},
   Accession Number = {20419103},
   DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0010228},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {McBride, O. M. and Skipworth, R. J. and Leitch, D. and Yalamarthi, S.},
   title = {Cavitating mesenteric lymph node syndrome in association with coeliac disease and enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature},
   journal = {Case Rep Med},
   volume = {2010},
   pages = {478269},
   note = {1687-9635
McBride, Olivia M B
Skipworth, Richard J E
Leitch, Derek
Yalamarthi, Satheesh
Journal Article
United States
Case Rep Med. 2010;2010:478269. doi: 10.1155/2010/478269. Epub 2011 Jan 2.},
   abstract = {Cavitating mesenteric lymph node syndrome (CMLNS) is a rare and poorly understood complication of coeliac disease (CD), with only 37 cases reported in the literature. CD is an immune-mediated enteropathy, with alterations seen in the small bowel architecture on exposure to ingested gluten. Those who fail to respond to a strict gluten-free diet are termed to have refractory coeliac disease (RCD). This is associated with serious complications such as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL). We present the case of a 71-year-old female investigated for weight loss and a palpable intraabdominal mass. Abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan showed multiple necrotic mesenteric lymph nodes. At operation, multiple cavitating mesenteric lymph nodes, containing milky fluid, were found. An incidental EATL was found at the terminal ileum, which was resected. The patient subsequently tested positive for CD. This is the second case report to document an association between CMLNS and EATL. This paper highlights the varied presentation of CD. In this case, the diagnosis of CD was made retrospectively after the complications were dealt with. This paper is followed by a review of relevant literature.},
   Accession Number = {21253476},
   DOI = {10.1155/2010/478269},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {McCabe, M. S.},
   title = {Balancing consumer protection and scientific integrity in the face of uncertainty: the example of gluten-free foods},
   journal = {Food Drug Law J},
   volume = {65},
   number = {2},
   pages = {367-90, iii},
   note = {McCabe, Margaret Sova
Journal Article
United States
Food Drug Law J. 2010;65(2):367-90, iii.},
   abstract = {In 2009, gluten-free foods were not only "hot" in the marketplace, several countries, including the United States, continued efforts to define gluten-free and appropriate labeling parameters. The regulatory process illuminates how difficult regulations based on safe scientific thresholds can be for regulators, manufacturers and consumers. This article analyzes the gluten-free regulatory landscape, challenges to defining a safe gluten threshold, and how consumers might need more label information beyond the term "gluten-free." The article includes an overview of international gluten-free regulations, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rulemaking process, and issues for consumers.},
   keywords = {Allergens/analysis
Australia
Canada
Celiac Disease/diet therapy
Consumer Product Safety/*legislation & jurisprudence
*Diet, Gluten-Free/standards
European Union
Food Analysis
Food Labeling/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods/standards
Glutens/analysis
Health Education
Humans
New Zealand
United States
United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence},
   ISSN = {1064-590X (Print)
1064-590x},
   Accession Number = {24475546},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {McNicholas, B. A. and Bell, M.},
   title = {Coeliac disease causing symptomatic hypocalcaemia, osteomalacia and coagulapathy},
   journal = {BMJ Case Rep},
   volume = {2010},
   note = {1757-790x
McNicholas, Bairbre Aine
Bell, Marcia
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
BMJ Case Rep. 2010 Dec 1;2010. pii: bcr0920092262. doi: 10.1136/bcr.09.2009.2262.},
   abstract = {A 36-year-old gentleman presented with 6 months of poor energy, tingling in fingers and weight loss with a change in bowel habit. He appeared cachectic and had clubbing, demineralisation of teeth, pectus carinatus, kyphosis, spinal tenderness, proximal muscle weakness and generalised muscle atrophy. Chvostek's and Trosseau's signs were positive. His haemoglobin (Hb) was 8.7 g/dl, MCV 64.7 fl with low iron. Calcium corrected was 1.30 nmol/l, parathyroid hormone 440.4 ng/l, vitamin D <12.5 nmol/l; INR was 2.7 with coagulation inhibitor studies negative. Radiographs of spine and pelvis commented on osteopenia with thoracic kyphosis and mild anterior wedging of thoracic vertebrae. Antitissue transglutaminase was 145 U/ml, and antiendomysial antibodies were positive. An oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was consistent with coeliac disease. A diagnosis of osteomalacia and coagulopathy secondary to coeliac disease was made. The hypocalcaemia was treated with calcium gluconate infusions with symptomatic relief. Coagulopathy was treated with vitamin K intravenously with normalisation of INR. Following treatment with coeliac diet, calcium slowly normalised.},
   keywords = {Adult
Autoantibodies/blood
Celiac Disease/blood/*complications/diagnosis
Diagnosis, Differential
Endoscopy, Digestive System
Hemorrhagic Disorders/diagnosis/*etiology
Humans
Hypocalcemia/diagnosis/*etiology
Ireland
Male
Osteomalacia/diagnosis/*etiology},
   ISSN = {1757-790x},
   Accession Number = {22798310},
   DOI = {10.1136/bcr.09.2009.2262},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mearin, F. and Balboa, A. and Castells, A. and Dominguez, J. E. and Esteve, M. and Garcia-Erce, J. A. and Gisbert, J. P. and Gomollon, F. and Panes, J. and Ponce, J.},
   title = {[Iron deficiency anemia and use of intravenous iron in digestive disease]},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {33},
   number = {8},
   pages = {605-13},
   note = {Mearin, Fermin
Balboa, Agustin
Castells, Antoni
Dominguez, J Enrique
Esteve, Maria
Garcia-Erce, Jose A
Gisbert, Javier P
Gomollon, Fernando
Panes, Julian
Ponce, Julio
Journal Article
Review
Spain
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Oct;33(8):605-13. doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2010.08.001. Epub 2010 Sep 20.},
   keywords = {Administration, Oral
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy/epidemiology/etiology
Celiac Disease/complications
Child
Developing Countries
Digestive System Neoplasms/complications
Enteritis/complications
Female
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications
Humans
Infusions, Intravenous
Iron/administration & dosage/deficiency/metabolism/*therapeutic use
Iron, Dietary/pharmacokinetics
Male
Malnutrition/complications
Pancreatic Diseases/complications
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0210-5705 (Print)
0210-5705},
   Accession Number = {20850906},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.gastrohep.2010.08.001},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Meazza, C. and Pagani, S. and Laarej, K. and Cantoni, F. and Civallero, P. and Boncimino, A. and Bozzola, M.},
   title = {Short stature in children with coeliac disease},
   journal = {Pediatr Endocrinol Rev},
   volume = {6},
   number = {4},
   pages = {457-63},
   note = {Meazza, Cristina
Pagani, Sara
Laarej, Kamilia
Cantoni, Francesca
Civallero, Paola
Boncimino, Agata
Bozzola, Mauro
Journal Article
Review
Israel
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2009 Jun;6(4):457-63.},
   abstract = {Coeliac disease (CD) is a genetically determined gluten-sensitive enteropathy resulting in nutrient malabsorption, with an increasing incidence world-wide. Clinical presentation in early childhood may include classic malabsorption symptoms, whereas older CD children often present extra-intestinal symptoms including short stature and pubertal delay. A gluten-free diet (GFD) generally leads to a rapid catch-up in growth and to normalization of the pituitary function. The pathogenesis of CD-associated short stature is still unclear. Besides the involvement of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I axis, a role for ghrelin was recently proposed. Furthermore, some CD patients do not show catch-up growth during GFD, despite reversion to seronegativity for CD markers including antiendomysial and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies. These subjects show GH deficiency and could potentially benefit from recombinant human GH therapy. This review deals with the management of short stature and the evaluation of growth axis function in CD children.},
   keywords = {Body Height/physiology
Celiac Disease/*complications/metabolism/*therapy
Child
Child Development/physiology
Growth Disorders/*etiology/*therapy
Human Growth Hormone/deficiency/metabolism/physiology
Humans
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism/physiology
Models, Biological},
   ISSN = {1565-4753 (Print)
1565-4753},
   Accession Number = {19550380},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Meier, R.},
   title = {[The hypersensitive gastrointestinal tract--dietary components with negative effects in the intestine]},
   journal = {Praxis (Bern 1994)},
   volume = {98},
   number = {7},
   pages = {395-401},
   note = {Meier, R
English Abstract
Journal Article
Switzerland
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2009 Apr 1;98(7):395-401. doi: 10.1024/1661-8157.98.7.395.},
   abstract = {Symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea are often associated with the ingestion of lactose, fructose or gluten containing nutrients. The prevalence of lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption and celiac sprue is quite high. If the symptoms are interpreted in the right way, the diagnosis and the treatment are easy. The ingestion of lactose or fructose containing food leads only to unpleasant symptoms, but in gluten sensitive patients an inflammation and destruction of the small intestinal mucosa develops. The consequences are an impaired absorption of macro- and micronutrients with their specific symptoms. The patients with lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption can avoid the symptoms if they stick to a low lactose or fructose containing diet. On the other hand, patients with celiac sprue need a life-long gluten-free diet to heal the mucosa, to ameliorate the symptoms and to avoid relapses.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/diagnosis
Diagnosis, Differential
Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis/*etiology
Fructose Intolerance/diagnosis
Humans
Lactose Intolerance/diagnosis},
   ISSN = {1661-8157 (Print)
1661-8157},
   Accession Number = {19340770},
   DOI = {10.1024/1661-8157.98.7.395},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Meloni, A. and Mandas, C. and Jores, R. D. and Congia, M.},
   title = {Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children with celiac disease and effect of gluten withdrawal},
   journal = {J Pediatr},
   volume = {155},
   number = {1},
   pages = {51-5, 55.e1},
   note = {1097-6833
Meloni, Antonella
Mandas, Chiara
Jores, Rita Desiree
Congia, Mauro
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Pediatr. 2009 Jul;155(1):51-5, 55.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.013. Epub 2009 Mar 25.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) in Sardinian children with celiac disease (CD) and the effects of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on thyroid function. STUDY DESIGN: Children with biopsy-proven CD (n = 324; female:male 2:1; mean age, 6.6 years) followed from 1 to 15 years, were retrospectively evaluated for AT at onset of CD and during GFD. Serum thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies (AbTPO, AbTG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid ultrasonography were considered. Age-matched Sardinian schoolchildren (n = 8040), previously evaluated for antithyroid antibodies and thyroid function, were used as controls. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with CD (10.5%) developed AT (female:male 4,5:1; mean age, 10.5 years), 11 at onset of CD and 23 during GFD, with a higher prevalence than controls (P = 2.9(-13)). Twenty-eight patients were euthyroid and 6 hypothyroid. AbTPO and/or AbTG persisted elevated for 2 to 9 years despite the GFD in 9 of 11 patients with AT at onset of CD. CONCLUSIONS: AT is strongly associated with CD in Sardinian children, has an age of onset of 10.5 years, and appears to be gluten-independent. In children with CD with AT, the female:male bias reported in adult AT is present before puberty.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Autoantibodies/blood
Case-Control Studies
Celiac Disease/diagnosis/*diet therapy/*epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Hypothyroidism/epidemiology
Infant
Iodide Peroxidase/immunology
Italy/epidemiology
Male
Prevalence
Puberty
Retrospective Studies
Sex Factors
Thyroglobulin/immunology
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/*epidemiology},
   ISSN = {0022-3476},
   Accession Number = {19324373},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.013},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mezaize, S. and Chevallier, S. and Le Bail, A. and de Lamballerie, M.},
   title = {Optimization of gluten-free formulations for French-style breads},
   journal = {J Food Sci},
   volume = {74},
   number = {3},
   pages = {E140-6},
   note = {1750-3841
Mezaize, S
Chevallier, S
Le Bail, A
de Lamballerie, M
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Food Sci. 2009 Apr;74(3):E140-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01096.x.},
   abstract = {The formulation of gluten-free bread, which will be suitable for patients with coeliac disease, was optimized to provide bread similar to French bread. The effects of the presence of hydrocolloids and the substitution of the flour basis by flour or proteins from different sources were studied. The added ingredients were (1) hydrocolloids (carboxymethylcellulose [CMC], guar gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose [HPMC], and xanthan gum), and (2) substitutes (buckwheat flour, whole egg powder, and whey proteins). The bread quality parameters measured were specific volume, dry matter of bread, crust color, crumb hardness, and gas cell size distribution. Specific volume was increased by guar gum and HPMC. Breads with guar gum had color characteristics similar to French bread. Hardness decreased with the addition of hydrocolloids, especially HPMC and guar. Breads with guar gum had the most heterogeneous cell size distribution, and guar gum was therefore selected for further formulations. Bread prepared with buckwheat flour had improved quality: an increased specific volume, a softer texture, color characteristics, and gas-cell size distribution similar to French bread. Bread with 1.9% guar gum (w/w, total flour basis) and 5% buckwheat flour (of all flours and substitutes) mimicked French bread quality attributes.},
   keywords = {Bread/*analysis
Celiac Disease/diet therapy
Colloids/analysis
*Cooking
Fagopyrum
Flour/analysis
Food Technology
France
Galactans/analysis
Glutens/*analysis
Humans
Mannans/analysis
Oryza
Plant Gums/analysis
Plant Oils
Plant Proteins/analysis
Polysaccharides, Bacterial/analysis
Solanum tuberosum
Zea mays},
   ISSN = {0022-1147},
   Accession Number = {19397719},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01096.x},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mirzaagha, F. and Azali, S. H. and Islami, F. and Zamani, F. and Khalilipour, E. and Khatibian, M. and Malekzadeh, R.},
   title = {Coeliac disease in autoimmune liver disease: a cross-sectional study and a systematic review},
   journal = {Dig Liver Dis},
   volume = {42},
   number = {9},
   pages = {620-3},
   note = {1878-3562
Mirzaagha, Foroozandeh
Azali, Sepideh Hagh
Islami, Farhad
Zamani, Farhad
Khalilipour, Elias
Khatibian, Morteza
Malekzadeh, Reza
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Sep;42(9):620-3. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Mar 17.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported an association between coeliac disease and autoimmune liver disease, but there is little information on the prevalence of coeliac disease in certain autoimmune liver diseases, particularly from non-European, non-American countries. AIMS: To investigate prevalence of coeliac disease in autoimmune liver disease in Iran and to summarize previous literature. METHODS: We investigated prevalence of coeliac disease among 100 autoimmune liver disease patients and compared it with the prevalence in healthy individuals. We also performed an extensive search of the English literature in PubMed Database. RESULTS: We found substantially elevated prevalence of coeliac disease in patients with overlap syndrome (10-15%) compared to the general population (0.1-1%). To a lesser extent, the prevalence was high in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (2-4%). In our systematic review, prevalence of coeliac disease in autoimmune hepatitis in the majority of studies was 4% or more; several studies also reported such prevalence in primary biliary cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Since coeliac disease is common among patients with autoimmune liver disease, screening autoimmune liver disease patients for coeliac disease is indicated. Although the magnitude of benefit from a gluten-free diet in reversing autoimmune liver disease in patients with coeliac disease is controversial, it may reduce the risk of further complications of coeliac disease.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*complications/*epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Hepatitis, Autoimmune/*complications/epidemiology
Humans
Iran/epidemiology
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/complications/epidemiology
Male
Prevalence
Syndrome},
   ISSN = {1590-8658},
   Accession Number = {20236872},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.dld.2010.02.006},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mittelbronn, M. and Schittenhelm, J. and Bakos, G. and de Vos, R. A. and Wehrmann, M. and Meyermann, R. and Burk, K.},
   title = {CD8(+)/perforin/granzyme B(+) effector cells infiltrating cerebellum and inferior olives in gluten ataxia},
   journal = {Neuropathology},
   volume = {30},
   number = {1},
   pages = {92-6},
   note = {1440-1789
Mittelbronn, Michel
Schittenhelm, Jens
Bakos, Gellert
de Vos, Rob A
Wehrmann, Manfred
Meyermann, Richard
Burk, Katrin
Case Reports
Journal Article
Australia
Neuropathology. 2010 Feb 1;30(1):92-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2009.01042.x. Epub 2009 Jul 19.},
   abstract = {Up to 8% of patients with gluten sensitivity (GS) develop neurological symptoms such as ataxia, dementia, seizures or peripheral neuropathy. The underlying immunological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. We here report the case of a 68-year-old male patient suffering from progressive ataxia and dementia associated with chronic diarrhea and both elevated IgG and IgA antigliadin-antibodies. At autopsy, frequent argyrophilic glial and neuronal inclusions within the basal nucleus of Meynert were considered as the structural correlative for the cognitive decline. Significant neuronal loss in the cerebellar cortex and the inferior olives was accompanied by infiltrating CD8(+)/perforin(+)/granzyme B(+) cells as well as reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. These CD8(+) cytotoxic T and NK cells are likely to act as effector cells responsible for neuronal cell death in patients with gluten sensitivity and neurological disease and might therefore at least partly be responsible for cerebellar symptoms in gluten ataxia. In conclusion, our results, showing an absence of B- or plasma cells but multiple CD8(+) as well as granzyme B and perforin expressing cells in ataxia-associated brain areas, suggest that there are also prominent cytotoxic effects in neuropathogenesis of GS.},
   keywords = {Aged
Antigens, CD8/metabolism
Astrocytes/pathology/ultrastructure
Ataxia/diet therapy/*metabolism/pathology
Brain/*metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*metabolism/pathology
Cell Death
Cerebellum/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure
Fatal Outcome
Gliosis/metabolism/pathology
Granzymes/metabolism
Humans
Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure
Lymphocytes/*metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure
Male
Microglia/pathology/physiology/ultrastructure
Neurons/pathology/ultrastructure
Olivary Nucleus/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure
Perforin/metabolism
T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure},
   ISSN = {0919-6544},
   Accession Number = {19622110},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1440-1789.2009.01042.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Moccia, M. and Pellecchia, M. T. and Erro, R. and Zingone, F. and Marelli, S. and Barone, D. G. and Ciacci, C. and Strambi, L. F. and Barone, P.},
   title = {Restless legs syndrome is a common feature of adult celiac disease},
   journal = {Mov Disord},
   volume = {25},
   number = {7},
   pages = {877-81},
   note = {1531-8257
Moccia, Marcello
Pellecchia, Maria Teresa
Erro, Roberto
Zingone, Fabiana
Marelli, Sara
Barone, Damiano Giuseppe
Ciacci, Carolina
Strambi, Luigi Ferini
Barone, Paolo
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Mov Disord. 2010 May 15;25(7):877-81. doi: 10.1002/mds.22903.},
   abstract = {Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological condition, frequently idiopathic, sometimes associated with specific disorders such as iron deficiency. We investigated RLS prevalence in celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune disease characterized by several features such as malabsorption-related iron deficiency anemia and peripheral neuropathy. We screened a population of 100 adult CD patients for CD features, iron metabolism, clinical and neurological conditions, and enrolled 100 age- and sex-matched controls in the general population. RLS was ascertained in CD patients and controls by both the presence of the four essential International RLS Study Group diagnostic criteria and neurological examination. The International RLS Study Group rating scale was used to measure RLS severity. We found a 31% prevalence of RLS in the CD population that was significantly higher than the prevalence in the control population (4%; P < 0.001). The average severity of RLS in CD population was moderate (17 +/- 6.5). In the CD population, no significant correlation was found between RLS and either gluten-free diet or iron metabolism, despite hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in CD patients with RLS than without RLS (P = 0.003). We found no correlation between RLS and other possible causes of secondary RLS, including signs of peripheral neuropathy, pregnancy, end-stage renal disease, and pharmacological treatments.Our study broadens the spectrum of neurological disorders associated with CD and indicates that RLS should be sought for in all patients with CD.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*epidemiology
Comorbidity
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Male
Prevalence
Restless Legs Syndrome/*epidemiology},
   ISSN = {0885-3185},
   Accession Number = {20461805},
   DOI = {10.1002/mds.22903},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Modelli, I. C. and Gandolfi, L. and Almeida, R. C. and Araujo, G. M. and Picanco Mde, A. and Pratesi, R.},
   title = {Serological screening for celiac disease in symptomatic 12 to 36 month-old children},
   journal = {Arq Gastroenterol},
   volume = {47},
   number = {1},
   pages = {61-5},
   note = {1678-4219
Modelli, Ines Cristina
Gandolfi, Lenora
Almeida, Rodrigo Coutinho de
Araujo, Gloria Maria A C
Picanco, Marilucia de Almeida
Pratesi, Riccardo
Journal Article
Brazil
Arq Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan-Mar;47(1):61-5.},
   abstract = {CONTEXT: The correct diagnosis of celiac disease in environmentally deprived children is frequently hindered by the common presence of other causes for the classical celiac disease symptoms: malnutrition, failure to thrive and frequent diarrheas. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a group of 12 to 36 month-old children using immunoglobulin antibodies against gliadin (IgG and IgA-AGA), against endomysium (IgA-EMA), and against human tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTG) as screening method. METHODS: A total of 214 children (114 boys), aged 12 to 36 months, on gluten-containing diet, were admitted to the study. IgG and IgA-AGA, IgA-tTG and IgA-EMA tests were performed in all sera. Biopsy was obtained from all children showing positive result in one or more of the serologic tests, excluding those in which IgG-AGA had been the only positive result. In those cases, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) HLA genotyping for the identification of celiac disease predisposing alleles was applied. HLA genotyping was also performed to confirm the diagnosis in children identified as celiac by means of positive serologic testing and compatible biopsy results. RESULTS: Normal results were obtained in 131 children. Ten children out of 68 identified as positive exclusively on the IgG-AGA test disclosed the presence of celiac disease predisposing alleles on PCR and underwent jejunal biopsy with normal results. All serologic tests were positive in four children. A fifth child showed positive IgG and IgA-AGA and IgA-tTG results but disclosed a negative IgA-EMA test. Jejunal biopsy of these five children revealed characteristic lesions of celiac disease. CONCLUSION: A prevalence of 2.3% was found among symptomatic 12- to 36-month-old children that had not been previously diagnosed as celiac.},
   keywords = {Autoantibodies/*blood
Biopsy
Brazil/epidemiology
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/epidemiology
Child, Preschool
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Gliadin/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*blood
Immunoglobulin G/*blood
Infant
Male
Mass Screening
Prevalence
Transglutaminases/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0004-2803},
   Accession Number = {20520977},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mojibian, M. and Chakir, H. and Lefebvre, D. E. and Crookshank, J. A. and Sonier, B. and Keely, E. and Scott, F. W.},
   title = {Diabetes-specific HLA-DR-restricted proinflammatory T-cell response to wheat polypeptides in tissue transglutaminase antibody-negative patients with type 1 diabetes},
   journal = {Diabetes},
   volume = {58},
   number = {8},
   pages = {1789-96},
   note = {1939-327x
Mojibian, Majid
Chakir, Habiba
Lefebvre, David E
Crookshank, Jennifer A
Sonier, Brigitte
Keely, Erin
Scott, Fraser W
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Diabetes. 2009 Aug;58(8):1789-96. doi: 10.2337/db08-1579. Epub 2009 Apr 28.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of gut barrier and immune system dysfunction in some patients with type 1 diabetes, possibly linked with exposure to dietary wheat polypeptides (WP). However, questions arise regarding the frequency of abnormal immune responses to wheat and their nature, and it remains unclear whether such responses are diabetes specific. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In type 1 diabetic patients and healthy control subjects, the immune response of peripheral CD3(+) T-cells to WPs, ovalbumin, gliadin, alpha-gliadin 33-mer peptide, tetanus toxoid, and phytohemagglutinin was measured using a carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) proliferation assay. T-helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cytokines were analyzed in WP-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) supernatants, and HLA was analyzed by PCR. RESULTS: Of 42 patients, 20 displayed increased CD3(+) T-cell proliferation to WPs and were classified as responders; proliferative responses to other dietary antigens were less pronounced. WP-stimulated PBMNCs from patients showed a mixed proinflammatory cytokine response with large amounts of IFN-gamma, IL-17A, and increased TNF. HLA-DQ2, the major celiac disease risk gene, was not significantly different. Nearly all responders carried the diabetes risk gene HLA-DR4. Anti-DR antibodies blocked the WP response and inhibited secretion of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. High amounts of WP-stimulated IL-6 were not blocked. CONCLUSIONS: T-cell reactivity to WPs was frequently present in type 1 diabetic patients and associated with HLA-DR4 but not HLA-DQ2. The presence of an HLA-DR-restricted Th1 and Th17 response to WPs in a subset of patients indicates a diabetes-related inflammatory state in the gut immune tissues associated with defective oral tolerance and possibly gut barrier dysfunction.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Antigens, CD/immunology
Antigens, CD3/immunology
Child
Cytokines/blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology
HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology
HLA-DR4 Antigen/immunology
Histocompatibility Testing
Humans
Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology
Peptides/*immunology
Reference Values
T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
Triticum/*immunology
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {0012-1797},
   Accession Number = {19401421},
   DOI = {10.2337/db08-1579},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mones, R. L.},
   title = {Incidence of autoimmune diseases in celiac disease: protective effect of the gluten-free diet},
   journal = {J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr},
   volume = {48},
   number = {5},
   pages = {645-6},
   note = {1536-4801
Mones, Richard L
Comment
Journal Article
United States
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 May;48(5):645-6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819770fe.},
   ISSN = {0277-2116},
   Accession Number = {19412015},
   DOI = {10.1097/MPG.0b013e31819770fe},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Moroni, A. V. and Dal Bello, F. and Arendt, E. K.},
   title = {Sourdough in gluten-free bread-making: an ancient technology to solve a novel issue?},
   journal = {Food Microbiol},
   volume = {26},
   number = {7},
   pages = {676-84},
   note = {1095-9998
Moroni, Alice V
Dal Bello, Fabio
Arendt, Elke K
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
England
Food Microbiol. 2009 Oct;26(7):676-84. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 26.},
   abstract = {The increasing demand for high quality gluten-free (GF) bread, clean labels and natural products is raising the need for new approaches in GF bread-making. Sourdough is the foremost fermentation used for baking purposes and it has been proven to be ideal for improving the texture, palatability, aroma, shelf life and nutritional value of wheat and rye breads. These characteristic features derive from the complex metabolic activities of the sourdough-resident lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, e.g. acidification, production of exopolysaccharides, proteolytic- amylolytic- and phytase activity, and production of antimicrobial substances. These effects have been extensively studied and well described for traditional baking, whereas little is known about the role of sourdough in GF baking. Yet, the microbiological and qualitative characterisation of local GF fermented products indicate an overlap with the microbiota of wheat/rye fermentation and suggest that the positive metabolic activities of the sourdough microbiota are still retained during fermentation of GF crops. Thus, the use of sourdough in GF baking may be the new frontier for improving the quality, safety and acceptability of GF bread.},
   keywords = {*Bread/microbiology
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy
Cooking/*methods
Diet, Gluten-Free/*methods
Food Microbiology
*Glutens/analysis/immunology
Humans
Lactobacillus
Yeasts},
   ISSN = {0740-0020},
   Accession Number = {19747600},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.001},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Morris, C. R. and Agin, M. C.},
   title = {Syndrome of allergy, apraxia, and malabsorption: characterization of a neurodevelopmental phenotype that responds to omega 3 and vitamin E supplementation},
   journal = {Altern Ther Health Med},
   volume = {15},
   number = {4},
   pages = {34-43},
   note = {Morris, Claudia R
Agin, Marilyn C
Journal Article
United States
Altern Ther Health Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;15(4):34-43.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Verbal apraxia is a neurologically based motor planning speech disorder of unknown etiology common in autism spectrum disorders. Vitamin E deficiency causes symptoms that overlap those of verbal apraxia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane are vulnerable to lipid peroxidation and early destruction if vitamin E is not readily available, potentially leading to neurological sequelae. Inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and malabsorption of nutrients such as vitamin E and carnitine may contribute to neurological abnormalities. The goal of this investigation was to characterize symptoms and metabolic anomalies of a subset of children with verbal apraxia who may respond to nutritional interventions. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: A total of 187 children with verbal apraxia received vitamin E + polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. A celiac panel, fat-soluble vitamin test, and carnitine level were obtained in patients having blood analyzed. RESULTS: A common clinical phenotype of male predominance, autism, sensory issues, low muscle tone, coordination difficulties, food allergy, and GI symptoms emerged. In all, 181 families (97%) reported dramatic improvements in a number of areas including speech, imitation, coordination, eye contact, behavior, sensory issues, and development of pain sensation. Plasma vitamin E levels varied in children tested; however, pretreatment levels did not reflect clinical response. Low carnitine (20/26), high antigliadin antibodies (15/21), gluten-sensitivity HLA alleles (10/10), and zinc (2/2) and vitamin D deficiencies (4/7) were common abnormalities. Fat malabsorption was identified in 8 of 11 boys screened. CONCLUSION: We characterize a novel apraxia phenotype that responds to polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. The association of carnitine deficiency, gluten sensitivity/food allergy, and fat malabsorption with the apraxia phenotype suggests that a comprehensive metabolic workup is warranted. Appropriate screening may identify a subgroup of children with a previously unrecognized syndrome of allergy, apraxia, and malabsorption who are responsive to nutritional interventions in addition to traditional speech and occupational therapy. Controlled trials in apraxia and autism spectrum disorders are warranted.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Apraxias/*drug therapy
Carnitine/deficiency
Child
Child, Preschool
*Dietary Supplements
Drug Therapy, Combination
Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*therapeutic use
Female
Food Hypersensitivity/*drug therapy
Humans
Malabsorption Syndromes/*drug therapy
Male
Sex Factors
Syndrome
Vitamin B Deficiency/drug therapy
Vitamin E/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
Vitamin E Deficiency/*drug therapy
Vitamins/*therapeutic use},
   ISSN = {1078-6791 (Print)
1078-6791},
   Accession Number = {19623831},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Mothes, T. and Uhlig, H. H. and Richter, T.},
   title = {[Recent aspects of antibody determination for the diagnosis of coeliac disease]},
   journal = {Dtsch Med Wochenschr},
   volume = {134},
   number = {30},
   pages = {1525-8},
   note = {1439-4413
Mothes, T
Uhlig, H H
Richter, T
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
Germany
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009 Jul;134(30):1525-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1233974. Epub 2009 Jul 14.},
   abstract = {Antibody assays play an important role in the diagnosis of coeliac disease (coeliac sprue, gluten-sensitive enteropathy), a condition characterized by immunological intolerance to gluten from wheat and from proteins of related cereals in genetically predisposed persons. Enhanced concentrations of IgA-antibodies against tissue transglutaminase or endomysium under gluten-containing normal diet represent an important indication for a biopsy from the small intestine. Demonstration of typical changes in the mucose of the small intestine is still required for the definitive diagnosis of coeliac disease. Recently highly specific antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides were detected in serum. These antibodies further improve the reliability of serologic diagnosis. The new assays for IgG-antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides have a very high diagnostic accuracy and are comparable to IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies. Further investigations have to show whether IgG-antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides are a reliable disease marker also in case of IgA deficiency. Prospective studies are needed to show whether antibody assays could replace biopsy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease in a substantial number of patients.},
   keywords = {Autoantibodies/*analysis/blood
Biopsy
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/immunology
Gliadin/immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/*analysis
Immunoglobulin G/*blood
Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
Intestine, Small/*pathology
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/immunology
Peptide Fragments/immunology
Transglutaminases/immunology},
   ISSN = {0012-0472},
   Accession Number = {19603369},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0029-1233974},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Motta, M. E. and Faria, M. E. and Silva, G. A.},
   title = {Prevalence of low bone mineral density in children and adolescents with celiac disease under treatment},
   journal = {Sao Paulo Med J},
   volume = {127},
   number = {5},
   pages = {278-82},
   note = {1806-9460
Motta, Maria Eugenia Farias Almeida
Faria, Maria Eduarda Nobrega de
Silva, Giselia Alves Pontes da
Journal Article
Brazil
Sao Paulo Med J. 2009 Sep;127(5):278-82.},
   abstract = {CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Low bone mineral density may be a finding among children and adolescents with celiac disease, including those undergoing treatment with a gluten-free diet, but the data are contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bone mineral density abnormalities in patients on a gluten-free diet, considering age at diagnosis and duration of dietary treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional prevalence study at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic of Instituto Materno Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira. METHODS: Thirty-one patients over five years of age with celiac disease and on a gluten-free diet were enrolled. Bone mineral density (in g/cm(2)) was measured in the lumbar spine and whole body using bone densitometry and categorized using the criteria of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, i.e. low bone mineral density for chronological age < -2.0 Z-scores. Age at diagnosis and duration of dietary treatment were confirmed according to the date of starting the gluten-free diet. RESULTS: Low bone density for chronological age was present in 3/31 patients in the lumbar spine and 1/31 in the whole body (also with lumbar spine abnormality). At diagnosis, three patients with low bone mineral density for the chronological age were more than 7.6 years old. These patients had been on a gluten-free diet for six and seven months and 3.4 years. CONCLUSION: Pediatric patients with celiac disease on long-term treatment are at risk of low bone mineral density. Early diagnosis and long periods of gluten-free diet are directly implicated in bone density normalization.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Bone Density/physiology
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/*epidemiology/etiology
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy/physiopathology
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diet, Gluten-Free/*adverse effects
Female
Humans
Male
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Time Factors},
   ISSN = {1516-3180},
   Accession Number = {20169276},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Muhr-Wilkenshoff, F. and Friedrich, M. and Foss, H. D. and Hummel, M. and Zeitz, M. and Daum, S.},
   title = {Immune modulation by non-hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with two primary intestinal T-cell lymphomas and long-standing celiac disease},
   journal = {Digestion},
   volume = {81},
   number = {4},
   pages = {231-4},
   note = {1421-9867
Muhr-Wilkenshoff, F
Friedrich, M
Foss, H-D
Hummel, M
Zeitz, M
Daum, S
Case Reports
Journal Article
Switzerland
Digestion. 2010;81(4):231-4. doi: 10.1159/000269810. Epub 2010 Jan 29.},
   abstract = {Tumors may influence immunologic reactions. Here, we report on a 72-year-old patient who suffered from celiac disease (CD) that had been diagnosed 20 years before. Under a normal diet but without any evidence of enteropathy or CD-associated antibodies, the patient developed a jejunal T-cell lymphoma. It was resected due to perforation and four courses of IMVP-16 were added. The patient started and kept a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Two years later, he presented with weight loss and a clonally divergent refractory sprue type II with loss of antigen (CD8; T-cell receptor-beta) expression in intraepithelial lymphocytes. At this time point, he showed high titers of CD-associated antibodies, although he was on a strict GFD. This case report highlights several questions: the missing enteropathy under a gluten-containing diet supports the notion of immune suppression in malignant diseases, especially non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Secondly, the patient developed an early form of a second independent T-cell lymphoma (refractory sprue type II) under a strict GFD, then with CD-associated antibodies, which raises the question whether the clonal intraepithelial lymphocytes were stimulating antibody production. Thus, the single detection of CD-associated antibodies in patients with CD is not itself proof of noncompliance with GFD.},
   keywords = {Aged
Biopsy, Needle
Celiac Disease/complications/diagnosis/diet therapy/*immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Disease Progression
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods
Fatal Outcome
Humans
Ileal Neoplasms/complications/*immunology/pathology/surgery
Immunohistochemistry
Immunomodulation/*physiology
Jejunal Neoplasms/complications/*immunology/pathology/surgery
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications/diagnosis/immunology
Lymphoma, T-Cell/complications/*immunology/pathology
Male
Severity of Illness Index},
   ISSN = {0012-2823},
   Accession Number = {20110707},
   DOI = {10.1159/000269810},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Myrsky, E. and Syrjanen, M. and Korponay-Szabo, I. R. and Maki, M. and Kaukinen, K. and Lindfors, K.},
   title = {Altered small-bowel mucosal vascular network in untreated coeliac disease},
   journal = {Scand J Gastroenterol},
   volume = {44},
   number = {2},
   pages = {162-7},
   note = {1502-7708
Myrsky, Essi
Syrjanen, Mari
Korponay-Szabo, Ilma R
Maki, Markku
Kaukinen, Katri
Lindfors, Katri
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(2):162-7. doi: 10.1080/00365520802400875.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: It has recently been shown that serum autoantibodies targeted against transglutaminase 2 derived from untreated coeliac patients can disturb several steps of angiogenesis in vitro. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the small-bowel mucosal vasculature is altered in coeliac disease and whether the putative changes are gluten dependent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The small-bowel mucosal microvessel architecture was examined in duodenal biopsy samples from coeliac patients before and after a gluten-free diet and from non-coeliac controls. In addition, the vasculature was subjected to a detailed morphometric analysis. Double immunofluorescent stainings of the vasculature with anti- alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody were performed in order to assess the maturity of mucosal vessels. Coeliac disease-specific transglutaminase 2-targeted autoantibody deposits in the vessel wall were studied using triple immunofluorescent stainings. RESULTS: On a gluten-containing diet the mucosal vasculature in the small intestine of untreated coeliac disease patients was altered in overall organization as well as in the number and maturity of the vessels when compared to healthy subjects. In patients on a gluten-free diet, the vasculature normalized parallel to mucosal recovery. CONCLUSIONS: In coeliac disease, ingestion of gluten leads to altered appearance of small-bowel mucosal microvasculature. It is thus conceivable that the small-bowel mucosal vascular biology might be involved in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Autoantibodies
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*immunology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
GTP-Binding Proteins/*immunology
Glutens/adverse effects
Humans
Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply/immunology
Intestine, Small/blood supply/*immunology
Male
Microvessels/*immunology/*pathology
Middle Aged
Neovascularization, Physiologic/*immunology
Transglutaminases/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0036-5521},
   Accession Number = {18985542},
   DOI = {10.1080/00365520802400875},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Nachman, F. and del Campo, M. P. and Gonzalez, A. and Corzo, L. and Vazquez, H. and Sfoggia, C. and Smecuol, E. and Sanchez, M. I. and Niveloni, S. and Sugai, E. and Maurino, E. and Bai, J. C.},
   title = {Long-term deterioration of quality of life in adult patients with celiac disease is associated with treatment noncompliance},
   journal = {Dig Liver Dis},
   volume = {42},
   number = {10},
   pages = {685-91},
   note = {1878-3562
Nachman, Fabio
del Campo, Marcela Planzer
Gonzalez, Andrea
Corzo, Laura
Vazquez, Horacio
Sfoggia, Cristina
Smecuol, Edgardo
Sanchez, Maria Ines Pinto
Niveloni, Sonia
Sugai, Emilia
Maurino, Eduardo
Bai, Julio C
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Oct;42(10):685-91. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.03.004. Epub 2010 Apr 15.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Deterioration of quality of life in the long term has been suggested for celiac disease patients on a gluten-free diet. AIMS: To determine long-term quality of life of celiac disease patients and to assess the benefits of gluten-free diet compliance. PATIENTS: We prospectively evaluated 53 newly diagnosed adult celiac disease patients. METHODS: The Short Form 36 Health Survey, the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were employed at the time of diagnosis, 1 year, and beyond 4 years (median: 53 months) on treatment. RESULTS: At 1 year, a significant improvement from baseline in quality of life indicators was observed (p<0.001 to p<0.0001) with comparable scores to healthy subjects. At 4 years, the Short Form 36 Health Survey scores (p<0.002 to p<0.0002) and Beck Depression Inventory score (p<0.002) show significant deterioration compare with 1 year. Most scores remained significantly better than those at diagnosis (p<0.03 to p<0.0005). No changes were detected in the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale scores. The long-term impairment of quality of life was attributable to the deterioration of most dimensions in patients who were not strictly compliant with the gluten-free diet (p<0.05 to p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term deterioration of quality of life outcomes after the first year of gluten-free diet was associated with the lack of strict compliance with the diet.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Celiac Disease/diet therapy/*psychology
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Disease Progression
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Patient Compliance
Prospective Studies
*Quality of Life
Time Factors
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1590-8658},
   Accession Number = {20399159},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.dld.2010.03.004},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Nachman, F. and Maurino, E. and Vazquez, H. and Sfoggia, C. and Gonzalez, A. and Gonzalez, V. and Plancer del Campo, M. and Smecuol, E. and Niveloni, S. and Sugai, E. and Mazure, R. and Cabanne, A. and Bai, J. C.},
   title = {Quality of life in celiac disease patients: prospective analysis on the importance of clinical severity at diagnosis and the impact of treatment},
   journal = {Dig Liver Dis},
   volume = {41},
   number = {1},
   pages = {15-25},
   note = {1878-3562
Nachman, F
Maurino, E
Vazquez, H
Sfoggia, C
Gonzalez, A
Gonzalez, V
Plancer del Campo, M
Smecuol, E
Niveloni, S
Sugai, E
Mazure, R
Cabanne, A
Bai, J C
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Netherlands
Dig Liver Dis. 2009 Jan;41(1):15-25. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.05.011. Epub 2008 Jul 3.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: Celiac disease (CD) patients are affected in their quality of life (QoL). Our objectives were to assess differences in quality of life of patients according to the clinical presentation at diagnosis, and to determine the time-course impact of a gluten-free diet. PATIENTS/METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 132 newly diagnosed adult CD patients and 70 healthy controls using self-administered questionnaires: the Short Form-36 health survey, the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale; the Beck Depression Inventory both, at diagnosis and at 3-, 6- and 12-months on treatment. RESULTS: At diagnosis, patients with classical symptoms (n=97) exhibited a significantly more pronounced alteration of all items of the three questionnaires than atypical/silent cases (n=35) (p<0.01 to <0.00001). Silent CD patients had even better baseline scores (p<0.05 to <0.00001). Treatment produced a substantial and rapid (3-month) improvement of most outcome measures in classical and atypical patients but not in asymptomatic cases. Both subgroups attained comparable final scores with no differences comparing strictly adherents with partially compliant. CONCLUSIONS: Atypical/silent celiac disease patients have a significantly better baseline quality of life than those with classical symptoms. Treatment induces a rapid and significant improvement in symptomatic cases but not in silent patients with all subgroups having similar 1-year scores comparable to healthy controls.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Celiac Disease/classification/*diagnosis/*diet therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Health Surveys
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Patient Compliance
Prospective Studies
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
*Quality of Life
*Severity of Illness Index
Surveys and Questionnaires
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1590-8658},
   Accession Number = {18602354},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.dld.2008.05.011},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Nachman, F. and Vazquez, H. and Gonzalez, A. and Andrenacci, P. and Compagni, L. and Reyes, H. and Sugai, E. and Moreno, M. L. and Smecuol, E. and Hwang, H. J. and Sanchez, I. P. and Maurino, E. and Bai, J. C.},
   title = {Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with celiac disease and the effects of a gluten-free diet},
   journal = {Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol},
   volume = {9},
   number = {3},
   pages = {214-9},
   note = {1542-7714
Nachman, Fabio
Vazquez, Horacio
Gonzalez, Andrea
Andrenacci, Paola
Compagni, Liliana
Reyes, Hugo
Sugai, Emilia
Moreno, Maria Laura
Smecuol, Edgardo
Hwang, Hui Jer
Sanchez, Ines Pinto
Maurino, Eduardo
Bai, Julio Cesar
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Mar;9(3):214-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.017. Epub 2010 Jun 30.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Celiac disease (CD) patients often complain of symptoms consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to assess the prevalence of GERD symptoms at diagnosis and to determine the impact of the gluten-free diet (GFD). METHODS: We evaluated 133 adult CD patients at diagnosis and 70 healthy controls. Fifty-three patients completed questionnaires every 3 months during the first year and more than 4 years after diagnosis. GERD symptoms were evaluated using a subdimension of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale for heartburn and regurgitation domains. RESULTS: At diagnosis, celiac patients had a significantly higher reflux symptom mean score than healthy controls (P < .001). At baseline, 30.1% of CD patients had moderate to severe GERD (score >3) compared with 5.7% of controls (P < .01). Moderate to severe symptoms were significantly associated with the classical clinical presentation of CD (35.0%) compared with atypical/silent cases (15.2%; P < .03). A rapid improvement was evidenced at 3 months after initial treatment with a GFD (P < .0001) with reflux scores comparable to healthy controls from this time point onward. CONCLUSIONS: GERD symptoms are common in classically symptomatic untreated CD patients. The GFD is associated with a rapid and persistent improvement in reflux symptoms that resembles the healthy population.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Celiac Disease/*complications/*diagnosis/pathology/therapy
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gastroesophageal Reflux/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology/therapy
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Severity of Illness Index
Surveys and Questionnaires
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult},
   ISSN = {1542-3565},
   Accession Number = {20601132},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.017},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Naiyer, A. J. and Hernandez, L. and Ciaccio, E. J. and Papadakis, K. and Manavalan, J. S. and Bhagat, G. and Green, P. H.},
   title = {Comparison of commercially available serologic kits for the detection of celiac disease},
   journal = {J Clin Gastroenterol},
   volume = {43},
   number = {3},
   pages = {225-32},
   note = {1539-2031
Naiyer, Afzal J
Hernandez, Lincoln
Ciaccio, Edward J
Papadakis, Konstantinos
Manavalan, John S
Bhagat, Govind
Green, Peter H R
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar;43(3):225-32. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31816200e5.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The sensitivity and specificity of current antihuman tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA assays used to detect celiac disease reportedly approach 100%. In addition, the sensitivity of new generation deamidated gliadin peptide (alpha-DGP) antibody assays has also been reported to be similar to the tTG IgA assays. In routine clinical practice, however, the sensitivities and specificities of these tests for diagnosing celiac disease seem to be lower. AIM: We analyzed sensitivities and specificities of 4 IgA tTG and 3 deamidated gliadin peptide (alpha-DGP) kits. METHODS: The performance of 4 tTG IgA assays, A: Inova (Hu red blood cell), B: Binding site (rHu Ag), C: Eurospital (rHu Ag), D: Immco (rHu Ag) and 3 Inova alpha-DGP assays, E: alpha-DGP-IgA, F: alpha-DGP-IgG, and G: alpha-DGP-IgA+G was evaluated using sera from different subsets of celiac disease patients and controls; group 1: active celiac disease n=28, group 2: gluten-free diet n=54, group 3: healthy controls n=40, group 4: disease controls n=57(Crohn's disease n=17, chronic hepatitis n=40). RESULTS: Using the manufacturer's cut-off values, the sensitivities and specificities of different kits ranged from 71.4% to 96.4% and 87.5% to 100%, respectively. When group 1 was compared with disease controls, sensitivities remained the same but specificities decreased. Receiver operating characteristic plot derived cut-off values modified decision thresholds in all assays except kit (G). Kappa analysis demonstrated variable degrees of agreement. All assays demonstrated higher sensitivities for patients with higher grades of villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Overall sensitivity was at or below 90%, which is lower than that reported in the literature. Performance of the recombinant and red blood cell antigen-based tTG assays was similar, whereas the alpha-DGP assays demonstrated lower values. Receiver operating characteristic plot derived cut-off values altered test results. Many factors affect the results of these tests and clinicians should be aware of their limitations.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/immunology
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Gliadin/*immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin A/immunology
Immunoglobulin G/immunology
ROC Curve
*Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Reference Values
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
*Serologic Tests
Transglutaminases/*immunology},
   ISSN = {0192-0790},
   Accession Number = {18724250},
   DOI = {10.1097/MCG.0b013e31816200e5},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Najada, A. S. and Dahabreh, M. M.},
   title = {Pulmonary haemosiderosis in a 13-year-old girl with coeliac disease after 3 months on a gluten-free diet: case report and review of the literature},
   journal = {Ann Trop Paediatr},
   volume = {30},
   number = {3},
   pages = {249-53},
   note = {1465-3281
Najada, A S
Dahabreh, M M
Case Reports
Journal Article
Review
England
Ann Trop Paediatr. 2010;30(3):249-53. doi: 10.1179/146532810X12786388978841.},
   abstract = {A 13-year-old girl with controlled coeliac disease who had been on a gluten-free diet for the past 3 months was admitted with respiratory distress and hypoxia for the past week. Chest radiograph and CT scan showed bilateral widespread alveolar shadowing suggestive of a hypersensitive pneumonitis. There was a dramatic radiological and clinical response to oral corticosteroids. Bronchial lavage was suggestive of recurrent aspiration and histology of a transbronchial biopsy showed pulmonary haemosiderosis. We conclude that pulmonary haemosiderosis may occur in children with coeliac disease who are on a gluten-free diet.},
   keywords = {Administration, Oral
Adolescent
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
Celiac Disease/*complications/drug therapy/*therapy
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Hemosiderosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology
Humans
Hypoxia/diagnosis
Lung/pathology
Lung Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology
Pneumonia/diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology
Radiography, Thoracic
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/diagnosis/drug therapy
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Treatment Outcome},
   ISSN = {0272-4936},
   Accession Number = {20828461},
   DOI = {10.1179/146532810x12786388978841},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Narula, N. and Rawal, P. and Kumar, R. M. and Ram Thapa, B.},
   title = {Association of celiac disease with cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hemosiderosis},
   journal = {J Trop Pediatr},
   volume = {56},
   number = {3},
   pages = {201-3},
   note = {1465-3664
Narula, Nidhi
Rawal, Pawan
Kumar, Rohit Manoj
Ram Thapa, Babu
Case Reports
Journal Article
England
J Trop Pediatr. 2010 Jun;56(3):201-3. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmp088. Epub 2009 Nov 6.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is predominantly a disease of the small intestine characterized by chronic malabsorption in genetically susceptible individuals who ingest grains containing gluten, such as wheat, barley and rye. Although previously believed to be uncommon, celiac disease may be present in up to 1% of the general population. Celiac disease is frequently associated with many extraintestinal disorders, but rarely with cardiomyopathy. We describe a patient with celiac disease associated with cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hemosiderosis.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage
Cardiomyopathies/*complications/diagnosis/therapy
Celiac Disease/*complications/diagnosis/diet therapy
Diet
Echocardiography
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Glutens/adverse effects
Hemosiderosis/*complications
Humans
Male
Tomography, X-Ray Computed},
   ISSN = {0142-6338},
   Accession Number = {19897848},
   DOI = {10.1093/tropej/fmp088},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Narula, P. and Porter, L. and Langton, J. and Rao, V. and Davies, P. and Cummins, C. and Kirk, J. and Barrett, T. and Protheroe, S.},
   title = {Gastrointestinal symptoms in children with type 1 diabetes screened for celiac disease},
   journal = {Pediatrics},
   volume = {124},
   number = {3},
   pages = {e489-95},
   note = {1098-4275
Narula, Priya
Porter, Lesley
Langton, Josephine
Rao, Veena
Davies, Paul
Cummins, Carole
Kirk, Jeremy
Barrett, Timothy
Protheroe, Susan
Journal Article
United States
Pediatrics. 2009 Sep;124(3):e489-95. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2434. Epub 2009 Aug 10.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized. Most cases of CD in patients with DM are reported to be asymptomatic. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare and audit our practice with the published standards for screening for CD in children with DM, (2) characterize the children with DM and biopsy-confirmed CD, in terms of growth and gastrointestinal symptoms, and compare them with children with DM and negative celiac serology, and (3) document the effects of a gluten-free diet (GFD) after 1 year of gastrointestinal symptoms, growth, and insulin requirement. METHOD: We performed a retrospective case-note review of 22 children with DM, positive celiac serology +/- biopsy-confirmed CD, and 50 children with DM and negative celiac serology. RESULTS: Twenty-two children (3.9% of the total diabetic population) had positive celiac serology on screening, with 17 (3%) having biopsy-confirmed CD. Ninety-four percent of the children had standardized celiac serology testing. At diagnosis of CD, 13 of the 17 biopsy-positive children (76.4%) had > or =1 gastrointestinal symptom. The frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in negative celiac serology diabetic children was 6% (3 of 50) (P < .0005). Symptoms resolved in all children after introduction of a GFD. A significant improvement in weight SD score (P = .008) and BMI SD score (P = .02) was noted in those compliant with a GFD after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Children with DM and CD have a higher frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms than their diabetic peers with negative celiac serology and are not truly asymptomatic. Institution of a GFD has a positive effect on nutritional status and symptom resolution in the short-term.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/*complications/*diagnosis
Child
Child, Preschool
Diabetes Complications/*complications
Female
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*etiology
Humans
Infant
Male
Retrospective Studies},
   ISSN = {0031-4005},
   Accession Number = {19706580},
   DOI = {10.1542/peds.2008-2434},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Neffati, S. and Charfeddine, B. and Smach, M. A. and Ben Othmen, L. and Ltaief, A. and Brahem, I. and Dridi, H. and Limem, K.},
   title = {[Hypocholesterolemia and celiac disease: about one case]},
   journal = {Ann Biol Clin (Paris)},
   volume = {67},
   number = {3},
   pages = {359-61},
   note = {Neffati, S
Charfeddine, B
Smach, M Ali
Ben Othmen, L
Ltaief, A
Brahem, I
Dridi, H
Limem, K
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
France
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2009 May-Jun;67(3):359-61. doi: 10.1684/abc.2009.0334.},
   abstract = {Hypocholesterolemia is a biochemical abnormality that often does not have much interest for clinicians. However its frequency varies from 2 to 5% according to the studied populations and can reveal a severe disease (cancer, sareopenia, malabsorption...). We report the observation of Miss HY, 17 year old, in whom the biological association of a hypocholesterolemie state with ferriprive anaemia revealed a celiac disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by the anatomopathologic examination and analysis of both anti-gliadine and anti-endomysium antibodies. The introduction of a strict diet without gluten allowed normalization of the biological parameters and the improvement of clinical symptomatology.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/*complications/*diet therapy
Cholesterol/*deficiency
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
France
Humans
Incidence
Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*complications/epidemiology},
   ISSN = {0003-3898 (Print)
0003-3898},
   Accession Number = {19411241},
   DOI = {10.1684/abc.2009.0334},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Nemet, D. and Raz, A. and Zifman, E. and Morag, H. and Eliakim, A.},
   title = {Short stature, celiac disease and growth hormone deficiency},
   journal = {J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab},
   volume = {22},
   number = {10},
   pages = {979-83},
   note = {Nemet, D
Raz, A
Zifman, E
Morag, H
Eliakim, A
Case Reports
Journal Article
Germany
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Oct;22(10):979-83.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is a prevalent, genetically determined, autoimmune, chronic inflammatory state caused by intolerance to gluten that results mainly in gastrointestinal manifestations. One of the most common extra-intestinal manifestations of CD is short stature, and in some patients, short stature may be the presenting and only symptom of the disease, making the diagnosis of CD challenging. Impaired growth in children with CD results mainly from nutritional deficits, and withdrawal of gluten from the diet is frequently associated with a marked improvement of linear growth. In some patients, CD may be characterized by growth hormone (GH) resistance, as suggested by normal or elevated GH levels and low insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. Rarely, it has been shown that poor catch-up growth and/or IGF-I response to gluten-free diet may be due to the coexistence of celiac disease and GH deficiency. We present two children with coexisting CD and GH deficiency. One patient had MRI findings suggesting congenital isolated GH deficiency, and a possibility of developing multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies later in life.},
   keywords = {*Body Height
Celiac Disease/*complications
Child, Preschool
Female
Growth Disorders/*etiology
Human Growth Hormone/*deficiency
Humans
Infant
Male},
   ISSN = {0334-018X (Print)
0334-018x},
   Accession Number = {20020588},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Nenna, R. and Mennini, M. and Petrarca, L. and Bonamico, M.},
   title = {Immediate effect on fertility of a gluten-free diet in women with untreated coeliac disease},
   journal = {Gut},
   volume = {60},
   number = {7},
   pages = {1023-4},
   note = {1468-3288
Nenna, Raffaella
Mennini, Maurizio
Petrarca, Laura
Bonamico, Margherita
Comment
Letter
England
Gut. 2011 Jul;60(7):1023-4. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.232892. Epub 2010 Dec 29.},
   keywords = {Adult
Celiac Disease/*complications
*Diet, Gluten-Free
Female
Humans
Infertility, Female/*etiology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome},
   ISSN = {0017-5749},
   Accession Number = {21193444},
   DOI = {10.1136/gut.2010.232892},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Neumaier, J.},
   title = {[Malnutrition without gastrointestinal symptoms. Is it nonetheless celiac disease?]},
   journal = {MMW Fortschr Med},
   volume = {151},
   number = {7},
   pages = {18},
   note = {Neumaier, Judith
News
Germany
MMW Fortschr Med. 2009 Feb 12;151(7):18.},
   keywords = {Algorithms
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy
Deficiency Diseases/*etiology
Diagnosis, Differential
Diet, Gluten-Free
Humans},
   ISSN = {1438-3276 (Print)
1438-3276},
   Accession Number = {19432258},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Nion-Larmurier, I. and Cosnes, J.},
   title = {[Celiac disease]},
   journal = {Gastroenterol Clin Biol},
   volume = {33},
   number = {6-7},
   pages = {508-17},
   note = {Nion-Larmurier, I
Cosnes, J
Journal Article
Review
France
Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009 Jun-Jul;33(6-7):508-17. doi: 10.1016/j.gcb.2009.02.020. Epub 2009 Mar 21.},
   keywords = {Autoantibodies/blood
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/epidemiology/immunology/*therapy
Diet, Gluten-Free
Fertility
Humans
Osteoporosis/etiology
Patient Compliance},
   ISSN = {0399-8320 (Print)
0399-8320},
   Accession Number = {19304426},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.gcb.2009.02.020},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Nova, E. and Pozo, T. and Sanz, Y. and Marcos, A.},
   title = {Dietary strategies of immunomodulation in infants at risk for celiac disease},
   journal = {Proc Nutr Soc},
   volume = {69},
   number = {3},
   pages = {347-53},
   note = {1475-2719
Nova, Esther
Pozo, Tamara
Sanz, Yolanda
Marcos, Ascension
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 Aug;69(3):347-53. doi: 10.1017/S0029665110001825. Epub 2010 Jun 28.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins contained in wheat, barley or rye, in genetically susceptible individuals. This disorder is considered to be mainly mediated by cellular immunity and restricted to the human leucocyte antigen-DQ presentation of gluten-derived toxic peptides to T-cells. Moreover, the involvement of innate immunity has been recently demonstrated to be necessary also for the development of intestinal tissue damage. Genetic susceptibility accounts for an uncertain proportion of the disease risk and gluten introduction works as the precipitating factor. However, currently, the research interest is also focused on environmental factors and gene-environment interactions, especially during the first months of life, which might help explain the onset of the disease. Infectious and dietary factors that could modulate the immune response orientating it either towards tolerance or intolerance/autoimmunity are the focus of primary attention. A significant number of studies have looked into the protective effect of breast-feeding against the disease. It is generally accepted that breast-feeding during the introduction of dietary gluten and increasing the duration of breast-feeding are associated with reduced risk of developing celiac disease. However, it is still not fully established whether breast-feeding truly protects with permanent tolerance acquisition or only reduces the symptoms and delays the diagnosis. Moreover, the timing and dose of gluten introduction also seem to be relevant and long-term prospective cohort studies are being carried out in order to elucidate its role in celiac disease development.},
   keywords = {Age Factors
*Breast Feeding
Celiac Disease/etiology/immunology/*prevention & control
*Diet
*Glutens/administration & dosage/adverse effects
Humans
*Immunomodulation
Infant},
   ISSN = {0029-6651},
   Accession Number = {20579407},
   DOI = {10.1017/s0029665110001825},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Ohlund, K. and Olsson, C. and Hernell, O. and Ohlund, I.},
   title = {Dietary shortcomings in children on a gluten-free diet},
   journal = {J Hum Nutr Diet},
   volume = {23},
   number = {3},
   pages = {294-300},
   note = {1365-277x
Ohlund, K
Olsson, C
Hernell, O
Ohlund, I
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010 Jun;23(3):294-300. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01060.x. Epub 2010 Mar 23.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease (CD), or permanent gluten intolerance, is one of the most common chronic food-related diseases among children in Europe and the USA. The treatment is lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) (i.e. the exclusion of wheat, rye and barley from the diet, which are important sources particularly of iron, dietary fibre and vitamin B). The present study aimed to evaluate dietary intakes of energy and nutrients in children and adolescents on GFD and compare these with intake of comparable age groups on a normal diet as well as current recommendations. METHODS: Thirty children, 4-17 years of age with confirmed CD and on GFD were agreed to participate in this study at the Department of Pediatrics, Umea University Hospital. Weight and height were used to calculate individual energy requirement according to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004 (NNR-04). Dietary intake was assessed using 5-day food records and household measures were used for quantities. Twenty-five children completed their dietary record. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 25 children did not meet the recommended energy intake and the dietary intakes were inadequate regarding quality of macronutrients and quantity of minerals and vitamins. The mean intakes of sucrose and saturated fatty acids were above and the intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin D, magnesium and selenium below the NNR-04. High intakes of sucrose and saturated fat and a low intake of dietary fibre were also noted in a previous national survey on healthy children on a normal diet. The nutrient density of vitamin D, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, magnesium and selenium were lower among CD children than healthy children but, for iron and calcium, it was higher in CD children. CONCLUSIONS: Children on GFD appear to follow the same trends as healthy children on a normal diet, with high intakes of saturated fat and sucrose and low intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin D and magnesium compared to recommendations.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Celiac Disease/*diet therapy
Child
Child, Preschool
Diet Records
Diet, Gluten-Free/*standards
*Energy Intake
Humans
Nutrition Policy
Trace Elements/*administration & dosage
Vitamins/*administration & dosage},
   ISSN = {0952-3871},
   Accession Number = {20337845},
   DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01060.x},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Olbjorn, C. and Fjaerli, H. O.},
   title = {[A three-year-old girl with abdominal pain and fever]},
   journal = {Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen},
   volume = {130},
   number = {5},
   pages = {494-5},
   note = {0807-7096
Olbjorn, Christine
Fjaerli, Hans-Olav
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article
Norway
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2010 Mar 11;130(5):494-5. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.09.0692.},
   abstract = {MATERIAL AND METHODS: A patient with both familial Mediterranean fever and coeliac disease is discussed. We present our case and then discuss symptoms and treatment of familial Mediterranean fever. CASE REPORT: A 3 1/2 year-old girl from the Middle East, parents related, was admitted to the Paediatric Department with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever. During each episode the inflammatory markers ESR and CRP were significantly raised, but with no apparent focus of infection. Each episode lasted 1-4 days and subsequently became more frequent. Laboratory evaluation revealed a high titer for IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase suggestive of coeliac disease. Coeliac disease was confirmed by small-bowel biopsy. A gluten-free diet was started, but she continued to have recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever. Because of her genetic origin the diagnosis familial Mediterranean fever was suspected. Genetic testing was performed, and she was found to be homozygote for the most common gene encoding for the disease. Colchicine therapy was initiated and her episodes with abdominal pain and fever became less frequent. CONCLUSION: Familial Mediterranean fever is a rare disorder in Norway but frequent in many Mediterranean countries. Common symptoms are recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, chest pain, joint pain and fever. Treatment with colchicine reduces inflammation and the risk of developing amyloidosis.},
   keywords = {Celiac Disease/*diagnosis/diet therapy/pathology
Child, Preschool
Colchicine/therapeutic use
Diagnosis, Differential
Familial Mediterranean Fever/*diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics
Female
Genetic Testing
Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use
Humans
Recurrence},
   ISSN = {0029-2001},
   Accession Number = {20224617},
   DOI = {10.4045/tidsskr.09.0692},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Olives, J. P.},
   title = {[When should we introduce gluten into the feeding of the new-born babies?]},
   journal = {Arch Pediatr},
   volume = {17 Suppl 5},
   pages = {S199-203},
   note = {1769-664x
Olives, J-P
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
France
Arch Pediatr. 2010 Dec;17 Suppl 5:S199-203. doi: 10.1016/S0929-693X(10)70927-1.},
   abstract = {Celiac disease (CD) is an auto-immune enteropathy, triggered in genetically predisposed individuals by the ingestion of dietary gluten. Gluten is the alcohol-soluble protein component of the cereals wheat, rye and barley. CD is a multifactorial condition, originating from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The necessary environmental trigger is gluten, while the genetic predisposition has been identified in the major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 6, with over 90% of CD patients expressing HLA DQ2 and the remaining celiac patients express DQ8. The fact that only about 4 % of DQ2/8-positive individuals exposed to gluten develop CD, has led to the recognition that other genetic and environmental factors are also necessary. In the last few years, several epidemiological studies have suggested that the timing of the introduction of gluten, as well as the pattern of breastfeeding, may play an important role in the subsequent development of CD. Here, we present and review the most recent evidences regarding the effect of timing of gluten introduction during weaning, the amount of gluten introduced and simultaneous breastfeeding, on the development of CD.},
   keywords = {Age Factors
Celiac Disease/etiology/prevention & control
*Diet
Glutens/*administration & dosage
Humans
Infant, Newborn},
   ISSN = {0929-693x},
   Accession Number = {21300263},
   DOI = {10.1016/s0929-693x(10)70927-1},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Ref–rence Type}
}

@article{
   author = {Olsson, C. and Lyon, P. and Hornell, A. and Ivarsson, A. and Sydner, Y. M.},
   title = {Food that makes you different: the stigma experienced by adolescents with celiac disease},
   journal = {Qual Health Res},
   volume = {19},
   number = {7},
   pages = {976-84},
   note = {Olsson, Cecilia
Lyon, Phil
Hornell, Agneta
Ivarsson, Anneli
Sydner, Ylva Mattsson
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Qual Health Res. 2009 Jul;19(7):976-84. doi: 10.1177/1049732309338722.},
   abstract = {For adolescents with celiac disease (CD), a gluten-free diet (GFD) is crucial for health, but compliance is problematic and noncompliance is common even among those aware of the risks. To better understand their lives with the disease, Swedish CD adolescents were invited to take part in focus group discussions. Data were analyzed for recurrent stigma-related themes across the groups. Adolescents described an awareness of being different from others that was produced by meal appearance and the poor availability of gluten-free food. The GFD often required discussions and special requests, so eating in public had the effect of making an invisible condition visible, and thereby creating a context for felt or enacted stigma. Maintaining invisibility avoided negative consequences

repository: KociOrges/pytag

repo_name: KociOrges/pytag