text:
{10.1016/j.socnet.2017.06.003},
  journal = {Social Networks},
  language = {en}
}

@article{dangeloLearningIsingModel,
  ids = {dangeloLearningIsingModela,dangeloLearningIsingModelb},
  title = {Learning the {{Ising Model}} with {{Generative Neural Networks}}. ({{arXiv}}:2001.05361v1 [Cond-Mat.Dis-Nn])},
  author = {D'Angelo, Francesco and B{\"o}ttcher, Lucas},
  doi = {arXiv:2001.05361v1},
  abstract = {Recent advances in deep learning and neural networks have led to an increased interest in the application of generative models in statistical and condensed matter physics. In particular, restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs) as specific classes of neural networks have been successfully applied in the context of physical feature extraction and representation learning. Despite these successes, however, there is only limited understanding of their representational properties and limitations. To better understand the representational characteristics of both generative neural networks, we study the ability of single RBMs and VAEs to capture physical features of the Ising model at different temperatures. This approach allows us to quantitatively assess learned representations by comparing sample features with corresponding theoretical predictions. Our results suggest that the considered RBMs and convolutional VAEs are able to capture the temperature dependence of magnetization, energy, and spin-spin correlations. The samples generated by RBMs are more evenly distributed across temperature than those of VAEs. We also find that convolutional layers in VAEs are important to model spin correlations.},
  journal = {arXiv Disordered Systems and Neural Networks}
}

@book{danksUnifyingMindCognitive2014,
  title = {Unifying the Mind: Cognitive Representations as Graphical Models},
  shorttitle = {Unifying the Mind},
  author = {Danks, David},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {{MIT Press}},
  address = {{Cambridge, Massachusetts}},
  isbn = {978-0-262-02799-1},
  lccn = {BF311 .D336 2014}
}

@article{daoustArePreElectionPolls2019,
  title = {Are {{Pre}}-{{Election Polls More Helpful}} than {{Harmful}}? {{Evidence}} from the {{Canadian Case}}},
  shorttitle = {Are {{Pre}}-{{Election Polls More Helpful}} than {{Harmful}}?},
  author = {Daoust, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Durand, Claire and Blais, Andr{\'e}},
  year = {2019},
  month = dec,
  doi = {10.3138/cpp.2019-011},
  abstract = {The growing importance of polls in news coverage raises questions about whether legislators should regulate polls in election campaigns. Although restrictions are on the rise, little is known about...},
  copyright = {\textcopyright{} Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de politiques},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/XGI4K2LZ/cpp.html},
  journal = {Canadian Public Policy},
  language = {en}
}

@article{daoustContextMattersEconomics,
  ids = {daoustContextMattersEconomics2020},
  title = {Context Matters: {{Economics}}, Politics and Satisfaction with Democracy},
  author = {Daoust, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Nadeau, Richard},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102133},
  abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}Economic and political considerations are important in determining citizens' level of satisfaction with their democratic system, but research analyzing which criteria prevail in which contexts is still limited. We examine under what conditions citizens chiefly rely on economic or political considerations in assessing their level of satisfaction with democracy. Using the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems dataset covering 72 elections in 45 unique countries (1996\textendash 2016), we show that the relative weight of economic and political criteria in citizens' evaluation of their democratic regime is a function of their nation's affluence. On the one hand, citizens in poorer countries mostly rely on the economy to assess their level of satisfaction with democracy. On the other hand, political considerations are crucial in citizens' evaluations of richer societies. Our results entail strong implications to understand why citizens' recipes for satisfaction for democracy vary across time and space.{$<$}/p{$>$}},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/EP6G5DUX/S0261379420300196.html},
  journal = {Electoral Studies}
}

@article{daoustWhatAreConsequences2020,
  title = {What {{Are}} the {{Consequences}} of {{Snap Elections}} on {{Citizens}}' {{Voting Behavior}}?},
  author = {Daoust, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and {P{\'e}loquin-Skulski}, Gabrielle},
  year = {2020},
  month = aug,
  volume = {0},
  pages = {1--14},
  publisher = {{Routledge}},
  issn = {0034-4893},
  doi = {10.1080/00344893.2020.1804440},
  abstract = {In some democracies, the ruling party can strategically call a `snap' (or `early') election before the end of its mandate in order to maximise its chances of re-election. Little is known on the consequences of calling such an election. In this article, we contribute to this literature by analysing whether snap elections affect citizens' voting behaviour. Does being angry at the decision of the incumbent government have an impact on citizens' decision to vote or not to vote and/or their vote choice calculus? To answer these questions, we make use of two different and independently conducted surveys in Canada during a snap election. We do not find evidence that calling an early election reduces citizens' likelihood to vote. However, when they do decide to vote, citizens that resent the decision to call an early election are substantially more likely to punish the incumbent government.},
  annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2020.1804440},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/3MGRVHFW/00344893.2020.html},
  journal = {Representation},
  number = {0}
}

@article{daskalakisTestingIsingModels,
  title = {Testing {{Ising Models}}.},
  author = {Daskalakis, Constantinos and Dikkala, Nishanth and Kamath, Gautam},
  doi = {arXiv:1612.03147v5},
  abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}Given samples from an unknown multivariate distribution \$p\$, is it possible to distinguish whether \$p\$ is the product of its marginals versus \$p\$ being far from every product distribution? Similarly, is it possible to distinguish whether \$p\$ equals a given distribution \$q\$ versus \$p\$ and \$q\$ being far from each other? These problems of testing independence and goodness-of-fit have received enormous attention in statistics, information theory, and theoretical computer science, with sample-optimal algorithms known in several interesting regimes of parameters. Unfortunately, it has also been understood that these problems become intractable in large dimensions, necessitating exponential sample complexity. {$<$}/p{$>$} {$<$}p{$>$}Motivated by the exponential lower bounds for general distributions as well as the ubiquity of Markov Random Fields (MRFs) in the modeling of high-dimensional distributions, we initiate the study of distribution testing on structured multivariate distributions, and in particular the prototypical example of MRFs: the Ising Model. We demonstrate that, in this structured setting, we can avoid the curse of dimensionality, obtaining sample and time efficient testers for independence and goodness-of-fit. One of the key technical challenges we face along the way is bounding the variance of functions of the Ising model. {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {arXiv Data Structures and Algorithms}
}

@article{daskalakisTestingIsingModelsa,
  title = {Testing {{Ising Models}}.},
  author = {Daskalakis, Constantinos and Dikkala, Nishanth and Kamath, Gautam},
  doi = {arXiv:1612.03147v5},
  abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}Given samples from an unknown multivariate distribution \$p\$, is it possible to distinguish whether \$p\$ is the product of its marginals versus \$p\$ being far from every product distribution? Similarly, is it possible to distinguish whether \$p\$ equals a given distribution \$q\$ versus \$p\$ and \$q\$ being far from each other? These problems of testing independence and goodness-of-fit have received enormous attention in statistics, information theory, and theoretical computer science, with sample-optimal algorithms known in several interesting regimes of parameters. Unfortunately, it has also been understood that these problems become intractable in large dimensions, necessitating exponential sample complexity. {$<$}/p{$>$} {$<$}p{$>$}Motivated by the exponential lower bounds for general distributions as well as the ubiquity of Markov Random Fields (MRFs) in the modeling of high-dimensional distributions, we initiate the study of distribution testing on structured multivariate distributions, and in particular the prototypical example of MRFs: the Ising Model. We demonstrate that, in this structured setting, we can avoid the curse of dimensionality, obtaining sample and time efficient testers for independence and goodness-of-fit. One of the key technical challenges we face along the way is bounding the variance of functions of the Ising model. {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {arXiv Data Structures and Algorithms}
}

@inproceedings{dassonnevilleMappingElectoralVolatility2011,
  title = {Mapping Electoral Volatility in {{Europe}} -  {{An}} Analysis of Trends in Electoral Volatility in {{European}} Democracies since 1945.},
  booktitle = {1st {{European Conference}} on {{Comparative Electoral Research}}},
  author = {Dassonneville, Ruth and Hooghe, Marc},
  year = {2011},
  address = {{Sofia (Bulgaria)}}
}

@article{davidovBringingValuesBack2008,
  ids = {davidovBringingValuesBack2008a},
  title = {Bringing {{Values Back In}}: {{The Adequacy}} of the {{European Social Survey}} to {{Measure Values}} in 20 {{Countries}}},
  shorttitle = {Bringing {{Values Back In}}},
  author = {Davidov, E. and Schmidt, P. and Schwartz, S. H.},
  year = {2008},
  month = aug,
  volume = {72},
  pages = {420--445},
  issn = {0033-362X, 1537-5331},
  doi = {10.1093/poq/nfn035},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2008_Bringing Values Back In.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2008_Bringing Values Back In2.pdf},
  journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
  language = {en},
  number = {3}
}

@article{davidovCrossCountryCrossTimeComparison,
  ids = {davidovCrosscountryCrosstimeComparison2008},
  title = {A {{Cross}}-{{Country}} and {{Cross}}-{{Time Comparison}} of the {{Human Values Measurements}} with the {{Second Round}} of the {{European Social Survey}}},
  author = {Davidov, Eldad},
  pages = {15},
  publisher = {{European Survey Research Association}},
  abstract = {The study reported in this paper assesses the fit of a 21-item instrument measuring values in the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS) to the theory of 10 basic values on which it was based (Schwartz 1992). In particular, the measurement invariance of this instrument for studying value priorities across nations and over time was investigated. In the first part of the study, using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) of data from the second ESS round, configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the values are assessed across 25 countries. Metric invariance is a necessary condition to insure equivalence of the meaning of factors and a precondition for comparing values' correlates. Scalar invariance is a precondition for comparing value means. The MGCFA did not support configural and metric invariance across 25 countries. After reducing the number of countries to 14, the MGCFA supported metric invariance of the same model found for the data of Round 1 (Davidov, Schmidt, and Schwartz in press) with seven distinct values. These value measurements may now be used by researchers to study relationships among values, attitudes, behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics across the 14 nations. Comparing national value means may be possible only across a smaller set of countries where scalar invariance holds. In the second part of the study, metric and scalar invariance were established between the first and the second rounds of the ESS in each of 19 countries separately. In 9 countries, the model found for the data of Round 1 also fitted the longitudinal comparison, but in 10 countries model modifications were needed. Value means may be compared for each of the countries between the first and second ESS rounds (2002-2003 and 2004-2005, respectively).},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov/Davidov_A Cross-Country and Cross-Time Comparison of the Human Values Measurements with.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/WRLZJUSH/95236.html},
  language = {en},
  number = {1}
}

@article{davidovCrosscountryMeasurementComparability2018,
  title = {The Cross-Country Measurement Comparability in the Immigration Module of the {{European Social Survey}} 2014-15},
  author = {Davidov, Eldad and Cieciuch, Jan and Schmidt, Peter},
  year = {2018},
  month = apr,
  volume = {Vol 12},
  pages = {15-27 Pages},
  doi = {10.18148/srm/2018.v12i1.7212},
  abstract = {The 7th round of the European Social Survey (ESS) from 2014-15 includes a partial repetition of the immigration module from the first ESS wave (2002-03) with information on individual attitudes toward immigration and immigrants in both old and new immigration societies. The goal of the present study is to test whether and to what extent questions in the module are equivalent across ESS countries. We performed two types of measurement equivalence tests: exact and approximate. Whereas the exact approach requires that measurement parameters are exactly equal across groups, the approximate and newer approach suggests that it is sufficient that measurement parameters are approximately equal to allow a meaningful comparison across groups. Our findings suggest that two measurement scales, allowing immigrants into the country and realistic threat, are approximately invariant across most ESS countries.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2018_The cross-country measurement comparability in the immigration module of the.pdf},
  journal = {Survey Research Methods},
  language = {en}
}

@article{davidovCrosscountryMeasurementComparability2018a,
  title = {The Cross-Country Measurement Comparability in the Immigration Module of the {{European Social Survey}} 2014-15},
  author = {Davidov, Eldad and Cieciuch, Jan and Schmidt, Peter},
  year = {2018},
  month = apr,
  volume = {Vol 12},
  pages = {15-27 Pages},
  doi = {10.18148/srm/2018.v12i1.7212},
  abstract = {The 7th round of the European Social Survey (ESS) from 2014-15 includes a partial repetition of the immigration module from the first ESS wave (2002-03) with information on individual attitudes toward immigration and immigrants in both old and new immigration societies. The goal of the present study is to test whether and to what extent questions in the module are equivalent across ESS countries. We performed two types of measurement equivalence tests: exact and approximate. Whereas the exact approach requires that measurement parameters are exactly equal across groups, the approximate and newer approach suggests that it is sufficient that measurement parameters are approximately equal to allow a meaningful comparison across groups. Our findings suggest that two measurement scales, allowing immigrants into the country and realistic threat, are approximately invariant across most ESS countries.},
  journal = {Survey Research Methods},
  language = {en}
}

@book{davidovCrossculturalAnalysisMethods2011,
  title = {Cross-Cultural Analysis: Methods and Applications},
  shorttitle = {Cross-Cultural Analysis},
  editor = {Davidov, Eldad and Schmidt, Peter and Billiet, Jaak},
  year = {2011},
  publisher = {{Psychology Press, Taylor \& Francis Group}},
  address = {{New York}},
  annotation = {OCLC: ocn665064374},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2011_Cross-cultural analysis.pdf},
  isbn = {978-1-84872-822-6 978-1-84872-823-3},
  language = {en},
  lccn = {GN345.7 .C728 2011},
  series = {European {{Association}} of {{Methodology}}}
}

@article{davidovExplainingMeasurementNonequivalence2018,
  ids = {davidovExplainingMeasurementNonequivalence2018a},
  title = {Explaining {{Measurement Nonequivalence Using Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling}}: {{The Case}} of {{Attitudes Toward Citizenship Rights}}},
  shorttitle = {Explaining {{Measurement Nonequivalence Using Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling}}},
  author = {Davidov, Eldad and D{\"u}lmer, Hermann and Cieciuch, Jan and Kuntz, Anabel and Seddig, Daniel and Schmidt, Peter},
  year = {2018},
  month = nov,
  volume = {47},
  pages = {729--760},
  issn = {0049-1241, 1552-8294},
  doi = {10.1177/0049124116672678},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2018_Explaining Measurement Nonequivalence Using Multilevel Structural Equation.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2018_Explaining Measurement Nonequivalence Using Multilevel Structural Equation2.pdf},
  journal = {Sociological Methods \& Research},
  language = {en},
  number = {4}
}

@article{davidovMeasurementEquivalenceCrossNational2014,
  title = {Measurement {{Equivalence}} in {{Cross}}-{{National Research}}},
  author = {Davidov, Eldad and Meuleman, Bart and Cieciuch, Jan and Schmidt, Peter and Billiet, Jaak},
  year = {2014},
  month = jul,
  volume = {40},
  pages = {55--75},
  issn = {0360-0572, 1545-2115},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043137},
  abstract = {Determining whether people in certain countries score differently in measurements of interest or whether concepts relate differently to each other across nations can indisputably assist in testing theories and advancing our sociological knowledge. However, meaningful comparisons of means or relationships between constructs within and across nations require equivalent measurements of these constructs. This is especially true for subjective attributes such as values, attitudes, opinions, or behavior. In this review, we first discuss the concept of cross-group measurement equivalence, look at possible sources of nonequivalence, and suggest ways to prevent it. Next, we examine the social science methodological literature for ways to empirically test for measurement equivalence. Finally, we consider what may be done when equivalence is not supported by the data and conclude with a review of recent developments that offer exciting directions and solutions for future research in cross-national measurement equivalence assessment.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2014_Measurement Equivalence in Cross-National Research.pdf},
  journal = {Annual Review of Sociology},
  language = {en},
  number = {1}
}

@article{davidovTestingComparabilityHuman2010,
  ids = {davidovTestingComparabilityHuman2010a},
  title = {Testing for Comparability of Human Values across Countries and Time with the Third Round of the {{European Social Survey}}},
  author = {Davidov, Eldad},
  year = {2010},
  month = jun,
  volume = {51},
  pages = {171--191},
  issn = {0020-7152, 1745-2554},
  doi = {10.1177/0020715210363534},
  abstract = {This study tests the compatibility and comparability of the human values measurements from the third round of the European Social Survey (ESS) to measure the 10 values from Schwartz's (1992) value theory in 25 countries. Furthermore, it explains the dangers associated with ignoring non-invariance before comparing the values across nations or over time, and specifically describes how invariance may be tested. After initially determining how many values can be identified for each country separately, the comparability of value measurements across countries is assessed using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). This is necessary to allow later comparisons of values' correlates and means across countries. Finally, invariance of values over time (2002\textendash 07) is tested. Such invariance allows estimating aggregate value change and comparing it across countries meaningfully. In line with past results, only four to seven values can be identified in each country. Analyses reveal that the ESS value measurements are not suitable for measuring the 10 values; therefore, some adjacent values are unified. Furthermore, a subset of eight countries displays metric invariance for seven values, and metric invariance for six values is found for 21 countries.This finding indicates that values in these countries have similar meanings, and their correlates may be compared but not their means. Finally, temporal scalar invariance is evidenced within countries and over time thus allowing longitudinal value change to be studied in all the participating countries.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov/Davidov_2010_Testing for comparability of human values across countries and time with the.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov/Davidov_2010_Testing for comparability of human values across countries and time with the2.pdf},
  journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
  language = {en},
  number = {3}
}

@article{davidovUsingMultilevelStructural2012,
  title = {Using a {{Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Approach}} to {{Explain Cross}}-{{Cultural Measurement Noninvariance}}},
  author = {Davidov, Eldad and D{\"u}lmer, Hermann and Schl{\"u}ter, Elmar and Schmidt, Peter and Meuleman, Bart},
  year = {2012},
  month = may,
  volume = {43},
  pages = {558--575},
  issn = {0022-0221, 1552-5422},
  doi = {10.1177/0022022112438397},
  abstract = {Testing for invariance of measurements across groups (such as countries or time points) is essential before meaningful comparisons may be conducted. However, when tested, invariance is often absent. As a result, comparisons across groups are potentially problematic and may be biased. In the current study, we propose utilizing a multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to provide a framework to explain item bias. We show how variation in a contextual variable may explain noninvariance. For the illustration of the method, we use data from the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS).},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Davidov et al/Davidov et al_2012_Using a Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Explain.pdf},
  journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology},
  language = {en},
  number = {4}
}

@article{davidsonBacteriologicDiagnosisAcute1976,
  title = {Bacteriologic Diagnosis of Acute Pneumonia. {{Comparison}} of Sputum, Transtracheal Aspirates, and Lung Aspirates},
  author = {Davidson, M. and Tempest, B. and Palmer, D. L.},
  year = {1976},
  month = jan,
  volume = {235},
  pages = {158--163},
  issn = {0098-7484},
  journal = {JAMA},
  language = {eng},
  number = {2},
  pmid = {521}
}

@article{davisFrenchElectoralSociology1958,
  title = {French Electoral Sociology},
  author = {Davis, Morris},
  year = {1958},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {35--55},
  issn = {0033362X, 15375331},
  abstract = {This article is a description and evaluation of French electoral studies. The author believes that the poor showing of most of these studies is due to limitations which are inherent in the method and recommends the incorporation of some techniques used in England and America.},
  journal = {The Public Opinion Quarterly},
  number = {1}
}

@article{dawidDecisiontheoreticFoundationsStatistical2020,
  title = {Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Statistical Causality},
  author = {Dawid, A. Philip},
  year = {2020},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {We develop a mathematical and interpretative foundation for the enterprise of decision-theoretic statistical causality (DT), which is a straightforward way of representing and addressing causal questions. DT reframes causal inference as "assisted decision-making", and aims to understand when, and how, I can make use of external data, typically observational, to help me solve a decision problem by taking advantage of assumed relationships between the data and my problem. The relationships embodied in any representation of a causal problem require deeper justification, which is necessarily context-dependent. Here we clarify the considerations needed to support applications of the DT methodology. Exchangeability considerations are used to structure the required relationships, and a distinction drawn between intention to treat and intervention to treat forms the basis for the enabling condition of "ignorability". We also show how the DT perspective unifies and sheds light on other popular formalisations of statistical causality, including potential responses and directed acyclic graphs.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {2004.12493},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Dawid/Dawid_2020_Decision-theoretic foundations for statistical causality2.pdf},
  journal = {arXiv:2004.12493 [math, stat]},
  primaryClass = {math, stat}
}

@article{dayritSocialCohesionVs2020,
  title = {Social {{Cohesion}} vs {{COVID}}-19},
  author = {Dayrit, Manuel and Mendoza, Ronald U.},
  year = {2020},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3555152},
  journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  language = {en}
}

@article{deboeckEmpiricalBayesDerivative,
  ids = {deboeckEmpiricalBayesDerivativea},
  title = {Empirical {{Bayes Derivative Estimates}}},
  author = {Deboeck, Pascal R.},
  doi = {10.1080/00273171.2019.1642729},
  abstract = {A dynamic system is a set of interacting elements characterized by changes occurring over time. The estimation of derivatives is a mainstay for exploring dynamics of constructs, particularly when the dynamics are complicated or unknown. The presence of measurement error in many social science constructs frequently results in poor estimates of derivatives, as even modest proportions of measurement error can compound when estimating derivatives. Given the overlap in the specification of latent differential equation models and latent growth curve models, and the equivalence of latent growth curve models and mixed models under some conditions, derivatives could be estimated from estimates of random effects. This article proposes a new method for estimating derivatives based on calculating the Empirical Bayes estimates of derivatives from a mixed model. Two simulations compare four derivative estimation methods: Generalized Local Linear Approximation, Generalized Orthogonal Derivative Estimates, Functional Data Analysis, and the proposed Empirical Bayes Derivative Estimates. The simulations consider two data collection scenarios: short time series ({$\leq$}10 observations) from many individuals or occasions, and long individual time series (25\textendash 500 observations). A substantive example visualizing the dynamics of intraindividual positive affect time series is also presented.},
  journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research}
}

@article{deffuantMixingBeliefsInteracting2000,
  title = {Mixing Beliefs among Interacting Agents},
  author = {Deffuant, Guillaume and David, Neau and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric, Amblard and G{\'e}rard, Weisbuch},
  year = {2000},
  abstract = {We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions towards an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters: members of the same cluster share the same opinion but are no longer influenced by members of other clusters.}
}

@article{deffuantMixingBeliefsInteracting2000b,
  title = {Mixing Beliefs among Interacting Agents},
  author = {Deffuant, Guillaume and Neau, David and Amblard, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Weisbuch, G{\'e}rard},
  year = {2000},
  abstract = {We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions towards an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters: members of the same cluster share the same opinion but are no longer influenced by members of other clusters.}
}

@article{deffuantMixingBeliefsInteracting2000c,
  title = {Mixing Beliefs among Interacting Agents},
  author = {Deffuant, G. and Neau, D. and Amblard, F. and Weisbuch, G.},
  year = {2000},
  doi = {10.1142/S0219525900000078},
  abstract = {We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions towards an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters: members of the same cluster share the same opinion but are no longer influenced by members of other clusters.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Documents/Zotero/Deffuant et al/Deffuant et al_2000_Mixing beliefs among interacting agents2.pdf},
  journal = {Advances in Complex Systems}
}

@article{deleeuwExplainingCitizenAttitudes,
  title = {Explaining {{Citizen Attitudes}} to {{Strategies}} of {{Democratic Defense}} in {{Europe}}: {{A Resource}} in {{Responses}} to {{Contemporary Challenges}} to {{Liberal Democracy}}?},
  shorttitle = {Explaining {{Citizen Attitudes}} to {{Strategies}} of {{Democratic Defense}} in {{Europe}}},
  author = {{de Leeuw}, Sjifra E. and Bourne, Angela K.},
  doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edz042},
  abstract = {Abstract.  It has long been speculated that banning parties from participation in elections may be counterproductive because it might provoke societal resistanc},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/M8LCUSQH/5678111.html},
  journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
  language = {en}
}

@article{delgobboEmergingTopicsBrexit2020,
  title = {Emerging {{Topics}} in {{Brexit Debate}} on {{Twitter Around}} the {{Deadlines}}},
  author = {{del Gobbo}, Emiliano and Fontanella, Sara and Sarra, Annalina and Fontanella, Lara},
  year = {2020},
  month = jul,
  issn = {1573-0921},
  doi = {10.1007/s11205-020-02442-4},
  abstract = {The present study is focused on the online debate relating to the Brexit process, three years and half since the historical referendum that has sanctioned the divide of the United Kingdom from the European Union. In our analysis we consider a corpus of approximately 33 million Brexit related tweets, shared on Twitter for 58~weeks, spanning from 31 December 2019 to 9 February 2020. Due to its great accessibility to data, Twitter constitutes a convenient data source to monitor and evaluate a wide variety of topics. In addition, Twitter's marked orientation towards news and the dissemination of information makes this microblogging network more connected to politics compared to other platforms. Through static and dynamic topic modelling techniques, we were able to identify the topics that have attracted the most attention from Twitters users and to characterise their temporal evolution. The topics retrieved by the static model highlight the major events of the Brexit process while the dynamic analysis recovered the persistent themes of discussion and debate over the entire period.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/del Gobbo et al/del Gobbo et al_2020_Emerging Topics in Brexit Debate on Twitter Around the Deadlines.pdf},
  journal = {Social Indicators Research},
  language = {en}
}

@article{dellapostaPluralisticCollapseOil,
  title = {Pluralistic {{Collapse}}: {{The}} ``{{Oil Spill}}'' {{Model}} of {{Mass Opinion Polarization}}},
  author = {DellaPosta, Daniel},
  pages = {30},
  abstract = {Despite widespread feeling that public opinion in the United States has become dramatically polarized along political lines, empirical support for such a pattern is surprisingly elusive. Reporting little evidence of mass polarization, previous studies assume polarization is evidenced via the amplification of existing political alignments. This article considers a different pathway: polarization occurring via social, cultural, and political alignments coming to encompass an increasingly diverse array of opinions and attitudes. The study uses 44 years of data from the General Social Survey representing opinions and attitudes across a wide array of domains as elements in an evolving belief network. Analyses of this network produce evidence that mass polarization has increased via a process of belief consolidation, entailing the collapse of previously cross-cutting alignments, thus creating increasingly broad and encompassing clusters organized around cohesive packages of beliefs. Further, the increasing salience of political ideology and partisanship only partly explains this trend. The structure of U.S. opinion has shifted in ways suggesting troubling implications for proponents of political and social pluralism.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/P9VBWDIK/DellaPosta - Pluralistic Collapse The “Oil Spill” Model of Mas.pdf},
  journal = {American Sociological Review},
  language = {en}
}

@article{demarzoEmergencePolarizationVoter2020,
  title = {Emergence of Polarization in a Voter Model with Personalized Information},
  author = {De Marzo, Giordano and Zaccaria, Andrea and Castellano, Claudio},
  year = {2020},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {The flourishing of fake news is favored by recommendation algorithms of online social networks which, based on previous users activity, provide content adapted to their preferences and so create filter bubbles. We introduce an analytically tractable voter model with personalized information, in which an external field tends to align the agent opinion with the one she held more frequently in the past. Our model shows a surprisingly rich dynamics despite its simplicity. An analytical mean-field approach, confirmed by numerical simulations, allows us to build a phase diagram and to predict if and how consensus is reached. Remarkably, polarization can be avoided only for weak interaction with the personalized information and if the number of agents is below a threshold. We analytically compute this critical size, which depends on the interaction probability in a strongly non linear way.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {2007.04903},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/De Marzo et al/De Marzo et al_2020_Emergence of polarization in a voter model with personalized information.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/3Z3GA9ZA/2007.html},
  journal = {arXiv:2007.04903 [cond-mat, physics:physics]},
  primaryClass = {cond-mat, physics:physics}
}

@article{demiguelRoleElectoralGeography2017,
  title = {The Role of Electoral Geography in the Territorialization of Party Systems},
  author = {{de Miguel}, Carolina},
  year = {2017},
  month = jun,
  volume = {47},
  pages = {67--83},
  issn = {02613794},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2016.11.013},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  language = {en}
}

@misc{DemocraticCompromiseLatent,
  title = {Democratic {{Compromise}}: {{A Latent Variable Analysis}} of {{Ten Measures}} of {{Regime Type}} | {{Political Analysis}} | {{Cambridge Core}}},
  howpublished = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/political-analysis/article/democratic-compromise-a-latent-variable-analysis-of-ten-measures-of-regime-type/2A6B2BBA6F80367644F2C5007E1CFC29}
}

@article{dengInformationSourceSelection2020,
  title = {An {{Information Source Selection Model Based}} on {{Evolutionary Game Theory}}},
  author = {Deng, Xinyang and Jiang, Wen and Wang, Zhen},
  year = {2020},
  month = nov,
  volume = {385},
  pages = {125362},
  issn = {0096-3003},
  doi = {10.1016/j.amc.2020.125362},
  abstract = {Information source selection (ISS) is ubiquitous across a myriad of scientific disciplines. Previous studies mainly viewed the issue of ISS as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, and therefore used MCDM methods to investigate it. However, many important aspects, for example, the dynamic process of ISS, the impact of different kinds of factors on ISS, and the stability of the solution of ISS, have not attracted enough attention and are still lacked of deep investigation. In this paper, an evolutionary game model is proposed to study this issue from theoretical perspective. That is to say, an ISS game is developed to formalize the interaction relationship between information sources, and replicator equation about population dynamics is used to mimick the dynamically evolutionary process in ISS. Within the proposed model, two kinds of factors, subjective factors and objective factors, have been separately considered and their respective influence on ISS has been distinguished. Furthermore, the dynamic process of ISS is presented clearly, and the stability of the solution is also investigated mathematically. Illustrative examples show that the proposed model sheds new light into the issue of ISS.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/Q4R9DDVM/S009630032030326X.html},
  journal = {Applied Mathematics and Computation},
  language = {en}
}

@article{depasqualeConsensusClustersAgents2020,
  title = {Consensus for {{Clusters}} of {{Agents}} with {{Cooperative}} and {{Antagonistic Relationships}}},
  author = {De Pasquale, Giulia and Valcher, Maria Elena},
  year = {2020},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {In this paper we address the consensus problem in the context of networked agents whose communication graph can be split into a certain number of clusters in such a way that interactions between agents in the same clusters are cooperative, while interactions between agents belonging to different clusters are antagonistic. This problem set-up arises in the context of social networks and opinion dynamics, where reaching consensus means that the opinions of the agents in the same cluster converge to the same decision. The consensus problem is here investigated under the assumption that agents in the same cluster have the same constant and pre-fixed amount of trust (/distrust) to be distributed among their cooperators (/adversaries). The proposed solution establishes how much agents in the same group must be conservative about their opinions in order to converge to a common decision.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {2008.12398},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/JATXUEFN/De Pasquale_Valcher_2020_Consensus for Clusters of Agents with Cooperative and Antagonistic Relationships.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/ASUSDQ36/2008.html},
  journal = {arXiv:2008.12398 [cs, eess]},
  primaryClass = {cs, eess}
}

@article{deriColoringLinksCapturing2018,
  title = {Coloring in the {{Links}}: {{Capturing Social Ties}} as {{They}} Are {{Perceived}}},
  shorttitle = {Coloring in the {{Links}}},
  author = {Deri, Sebastian and Rappaz, Jeremie and Aiello, Luca Maria and Quercia, Daniele},
  year = {2018},
  month = nov,
  volume = {2},
  pages = {43:1--43:18},
  doi = {10.1145/3274312},
  abstract = {The richness that characterizes relationships is often absent when they are modeled using computational methods in network science. Typically, relationships are represented simply as links, perhaps with weights. The lack of finer granularity is due in part to the fact that, aside from linkage and strength, no fundamental or immediately obvious dimensions exist along which to categorize relationships. Here we propose a set of dimensions that capture major components of many relationships -- derived both from relevant academic literature and people's everyday descriptions of their relationships. We first review prominent findings in sociology and social psychology, highlighting dimensions that have been widely used to categorize social relationships. Next, we examine the validity of these dimensions empirically in two crowd-sourced experiments. Ultimately, we arrive at a set of ten major dimensions that can be used to categorize relationships: similarity, trust, romance, social support, identity, respect, knowledge exchange, power, fun, and conflict. These ten dimensions, while not dispositive, offer higher resolution than existing models. Indeed, we show that one can more accurately predict missing links in a social graph by using these dimensions than by using a state-of-the-art link embeddedness method. We also describe tinghy.org, an online platform we built to collect data about how social media users perceive their online relationships, allowing us to examine these dimensions at scale. Overall, by proposing a new way of modeling social graphs, our work aims to contribute both to theory in network science and practice in the design of social-networking applications.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Deri et al/Deri et al_2018_Coloring in the Links.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/BLRQG4AV/deriColoringLinksCapturing2018.html},
  journal = {Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction},
  number = {CSCW}
}

@article{desaiTheoryElectoralCompetition,
  title = {A {{Theory}} of {{Electoral Competition}} in {{Developing Countries}}},
  author = {Desai, Zuheir},
  pages = {61},
  abstract = {Why does the traditional left-right (L-R) dimension of politics not structure political competition in developing countries, while other political issues, such as ethnicity appear more relevant? Does identity-based mobilization by political parties persist or subside with development? I propose a theory of electoral competition that highlights why the L-R dimension can appear unimportant in developing countries, even if it is salient to voters. Competitive pressures force parties to cluster together on the L-R dimension in developing democracies, even if they are ideologically opposed. Economic development creates a larger affluent class, which leads parties to diverge more along the L-R dimension, thereby increasing its political salience. The right party mobilizes more along ethnic lines when parties compete on both economic policies and identity. In contrast, the relationship between development and the political salience of ethnicity depends on the correlation between ethnic preferences and economic class. When ethnic preferences are independent of economic class, development increases ethnic mobilization.},
  language = {en}
}

@article{desousafadigasFIFAWorldCup2020,
  title = {{{FIFA World Cup}} Referees' Networks: A Constant-Size Clique Approach},
  shorttitle = {{{FIFA World Cup}} Referees' Networks},
  author = {{de Sousa Fadigas}, In{\'a}cio and Grilo, Marcos and Henrique, Traz{\'i}bulo and {Borges de Barros Pereira}, Hernane},
  year = {2020},
  month = jul,
  volume = {10},
  pages = {54},
  issn = {1869-5469},
  doi = {10.1007/s13278-020-00672-5},
  abstract = {Soccer is a worldwide sport. Every 4~years since 1930, the sport stimulates a growing number of people, countries, and money during the Soccer World Cup. This scientific treatment of matches using complex networks and social networks focuses on the teams participating in the tournaments, as well as on the interaction between players. The present work aims to broaden the scope of studies focusing on referees' networks. For this purpose, we built referees' networks of all World Cup competitions to date. We used indices based on the clique approach for the analyses and characterization of the networks, and the detection of clusters was investigated by identifying communities and islands. Some important results emerge from this study, such as the finding that the networks do not follow a pattern throughout their editions with respect to the indices and the structure. There is, however, a change in procedures from the 2006 World Cup with respect to referee choice. This change leads to the emergence of a pattern in the last four World Cups.},
  journal = {Social Network Analysis and Mining},
  language = {en},
  number = {1}
}

@misc{DeterminantsHomonegativityEurope,
  title = {Determinants of {{Homonegativity}} in {{Europe}}: {{The Journal}} of {{Sex Research}}: {{Vol}} 46, {{No}} 1},
  howpublished = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224490802398373}
}

@article{DeterminantsLegislativeTurnover,
  title = {Determinants of Legislative Turnover in {{Western Europe}}, 1945\&\#x2013;2015},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12246},
  abstract = {{$<$}div class="abstract-group"{$>$}    {$<$}section class="article-section article-section\_\_abstract" lang="en" data-lang="en" id="section-1-en"{$>$}       {$<$}h3 class="article-section\_\_header main abstractlang\_en main"{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h3{$>$}       {$<$}div class="article-section\_\_content en main"{$>$}                              {$<$}p{$>$}This article explains legislative turnover in eight West European legislatures over             152 general elections in the period 1945\textendash 2015. Turnover is measured as the rate of             individual membership change in unicameral or lower chambers. It is the outcome of             a legislative recruitment process with a supply and a demand side. Decisions made             by contenders affect supply, while decisions made by parties and voters influence             demand. Such decisions are shaped by four political and institutional factors: the             institutional context of political careers, or structure of political career opportunities;             political party characteristics; electoral swings; and electoral systems. Ten specific             hypotheses are tested within this theoretical framework. The structure of political             career opportunities is the most decisive factor explaining variability in turnover             rates, followed by electoral swings and political parties. Electoral systems show             less substantive effects. Electoral volatility is the predictor with the most substantive             effects, followed by duration of legislative term, strength of bicameralism, regional             authority, gender quotas, level of legislative income and district magnitude.          {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research}
}

@article{DeterminantsLegislativeTurnovera,
  title = {Determinants of Legislative Turnover in {{Western Europe}}, 1945\&\#x2013;2015},
  doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12246},
  abstract = {{$<$}div class="abstract-group"{$>$}    {$<$}section class="article-section article-section\_\_abstract" lang="en" data-lang="en" id="section-1-en"{$>$}       {$<$}h3 class="article-section\_\_header main abstractlang\_en main"{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h3{$>$}       {$<$}div class="article-section\_\_content en main"{$>$}                              {$<$}p{$>$}This article explains legislative turnover in eight West European legislatures over             152 general elections in the period 1945\textendash 2015. Turnover is measured as the rate of             individual membership change in unicameral or lower chambers. It is the outcome of             a legislative recruitment process with a supply and a demand side. Decisions made             by contenders affect supply, while decisions made by parties and voters influence             demand. Such decisions are shaped by four political and institutional factors: the             institutional context of political careers, or structure of political career opportunities;             political party characteristics; electoral swings; and electoral systems. Ten specific             hypotheses are tested within this theoretical framework. The structure of political             career opportunities is the most decisive factor explaining variability in turnover             rates, followed by electoral swings and political parties. Electoral systems show             less substantive effects. Electoral volatility is the predictor with the most substantive             effects, followed by duration of legislative term, strength of bicameralism, regional             authority, gender quotas, level of legislative income and district magnitude.          {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {European Journal of Political Research}
}

@article{devriesWhenDimensionsCollide2012,
  title = {When Dimensions Collide: {{The}} Electoral Success of Issue Entrepreneurs},
  shorttitle = {When Dimensions Collide},
  author = {De Vries, Catherine E. and Hobolt, Sara B.},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {246--268},
  publisher = {{Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England}},
  journal = {European Union Politics},
  number = {2}
}

@article{dewhurstNoncooperativeDynamicsElection,
  title = {Noncooperative Dynamics in Election Interference. ({{arXiv}}:1908.02793v3 [Physics.Soc-Ph] {{UPDATED}})},
  author = {Dewhurst, David Rushing and Danforth, Christopher M. and Dodds, Peter Sheridan},
  doi = {arXiv:1908.02793v3},
  abstract = {Foreign power interference in domestic elections is an age-old, existential threat to societies. Manifested through myriad methods from war to words, such interference is a timely example of strategic interaction between economic and political agents. We model this interaction between rational game players as a continuous-time differential game, constructing an analytical model of this competition with a variety of payoff structures. Structures corresponding to all-or-nothing attitudes regarding the effect of the interference operations by only one player lead to an arms race in which both countries spend increasing amounts on interference and counter-interference operations. We then confront our model with data pertaining to the Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election contest, introducing and estimating a Bayesian structural time series model of election polls and social media posts by Russian internet trolls. We show that our analytical model, while purposefully abstract and simple, adequately captures many temporal characteristics of the election and social media activity.},
  journal = {arXiv Physics and Society}
}

@article{dewhurstNoncooperativeDynamicsElectiona,
  title = {Noncooperative Dynamics in Election Interference. ({{arXiv}}:1908.02793v3 [Physics.Soc-Ph] {{UPDATED}})},
  author = {Dewhurst, David Rushing and Danforth, Christopher M. and Dodds, Peter Sheridan},
  doi = {arXiv:1908.02793v3},
  abstract = {Foreign power interference in domestic elections is an age-old, existential threat to societies. Manifested through myriad methods from war to words, such interference is a timely example of strategic interaction between economic and political agents. We model this interaction between rational game players as a continuous-time differential game, constructing an analytical model of this competition with a variety of payoff structures. Structures corresponding to all-or-nothing attitudes regarding the effect of the interference operations by only one player lead to an arms race in which both countries spend increasing amounts on interference and counter-interference operations. We then confront our model with data pertaining to the Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election contest, introducing and estimating a Bayesian structural time series model of election polls and social media posts by Russian internet trolls. We show that our analytical model, while purposefully abstract and simple, adequately captures many temporal characteristics of the election and social media activity.},
  journal = {arXiv Physics and Society}
}

@article{dewhurstNoncooperativeDynamicsElectionb,
  ids = {dewhurstNoncooperativeDynamicsElectionc},
  title = {Noncooperative Dynamics in Election Interference. ({{arXiv}}:1908.02793v4 [Physics.Soc-Ph] {{UPDATED}})},
  author = {Dewhurst, David Rushing and Danforth, Christopher M. and Dodds, Peter Sheridan},
  doi = {arXiv:1908.02793v4},
  abstract = {Foreign power interference in domestic elections is an existential threat to societies. Manifested through myriad methods from war to words, such interference is a timely example of strategic interaction between economic and political agents. We model this interaction between rational game players as a continuous-time differential game, constructing an analytical model of this competition with a variety of payoff structures. All-or-nothing attitudes by only one player regarding the outcome of the game lead to an arms race in which both countries spend increasing amounts on interference and counter-interference operations. We then confront our model with data pertaining to the Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election contest. We introduce and estimate a Bayesian structural time series model of election polls and social media posts by Russian Twitter troll accounts. Our analytical model, while purposefully abstract and simple, adequately captures many temporal characteristics of the election and social media activity. We close with a discussion of our model's shortcomings and suggestions for future research.},
  journal = {arXiv Physics General}
}

@article{deyModellingInfluenceSocial2020,
  title = {Modelling the Influence of Social Network with a Multiple Group Latent Class Analysis},
  author = {Dey, Ankita and Mukherjee, Diganta and Roy, Sugata Sen},
  year = {2020},
  month = oct,
  volume = {0},
  pages = {1--21},
  publisher = {{Routledge}},
  issn = {0022-250X},
  doi = {10.1080/0022250X.2020.1821199},
  abstract = {Presence of social network among the respondents in a survey may have an influence on the patterns of response. Latent class analysis identifies hidden subgroups in the respondents in a survey and simplifies the structure of heterogeneity amongst them. In the present study, a new model of social network-informed multiple group latent class analysis is developed by introducing a parameter measuring the influence of a social network on a respondent. For suitable application of the proposed model, data from 75 Indian villages with detailed demographic characteristics and a diverse social and economic network are used. The present study examined the methodological aspect of the proposed model of multiple group latent class analysis adjusted for the impact of social network.},
  annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.2020.1821199},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/AA4INVWY/0022250X.2020.html},
  journal = {The Journal of Mathematical Sociology},
  keywords = {Latent class analysis,multiple groups,social network,subgroup,survey},
  number = {0}
}

@book{diamondPoliticalPartiesDemocracy2001,
  title = {Political Parties and Democracy},
  editor = {Diamond, Larry Jay and Gunther, Richard},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {{Johns Hopkins University Press}},
  address = {{Baltimore}},
  isbn = {978-0-8018-6863-4},
  lccn = {JF2051 .P5675 2001},
  series = {Journal of Democracy Book}
}

@inproceedings{diasPredictingResponseUncertainty2019,
  title = {Predicting {{Response Uncertainty}} in {{Online Surveys}}: {{A Proof}} of {{Concept}}:},
  shorttitle = {Predicting {{Response Uncertainty}} in {{Online Surveys}}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th {{International Joint Conference}} on {{Biomedical Engineering Systems}} and {{Technologies}}},
  author = {Dias, Maria and Cepeda, Catia and Rindlisbacher, Dina and Battegay, Edouard and Cheetham, Marcus and Gamboa, Hugo},
  year = {2019},
  pages = {155--162},
  publisher = {{SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}},
  address = {{Prague, Czech Republic}},
  doi = {10.5220/0007381801550162},
  isbn = {978-989-758-353-7},
  language = {en}
}

@article{didelezCausalReasoningEvents,
  title = {Causal {{Reasoning}} for {{Events}} in {{Continuous Time}}: {{A Decision}}\textendash{{Theoretic Approach}}},
  author = {Didelez, Vanessa},
  pages = {6},
  abstract = {The dynamics of events occurring in continuous time can be modelled using marked point processes, or multi-state processes. Here, we review and extend the work of R\o ysland et al. (2015) on causal reasoning with local independence graphs for marked point processes in the context of survival analysis. We relate the results to the decision-theoretic approach of Dawid \& Didelez (2010) using influence diagrams, and present additional identifying conditions.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Didelez/Didelez_Causal Reasoning for Events in Continuous Time.pdf},
  language = {en}
}

@techreport{dienesHowUseReport2020,
  title = {How to Use and Report {{Bayesian}} Hypothesis Tests},
  author = {Dienes, Zoltan},
  year = {2020},
  month = apr,
  institution = {{PsyArXiv}},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/bua5n},
  abstract = {This article provides guidance on conducting Bayesian hypothesis tests and reporting them, in order to aid in their understanding. To use and report a Bayesian hypothesis test, predicted effect sizes must be specified. The paper will provide guidance in specifying effect sizes of interest (which also will be of relevance to those using frequentist statistics). First, if a minimally interesting effect size can be specified, a null interval is defined as the effects smaller in magnitude than the minimally interesting effect. Then the proportion of the posterior distribution that falls in the null interval indicates the plausibility of the null interval hypothesis. Second, if a rough scale of effect can be determined, a Bayes factor can indicate evidence for a model representing that scale of effect versus a model of H0. Both methods allow data to count against a theory that predicts a difference. By contrast, non-significance does not count against such a theory.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Dienes/Dienes_2020_How to use and report Bayesian hypothesis tests.pdf},
  language = {en},
  type = {Preprint}
}

@techreport{dienesObtainingEvidenceNo2020,
  title = {Obtaining Evidence for No Effect},
  author = {Dienes, Zoltan},
  year = {2020},
  month = apr,
  institution = {{PsyArXiv}},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/yc7s5},
  abstract = {Obtaining evidence that something does not exist requires knowing how big it would be were it to exist. Testing a theory that predicts an effect thus entails specifying the range of effect sizes consistent with the theory, in order to know when the evidence counts against the theory. Indeed, a theoretically relevant effect size must be specified for power calculations, equivalence testing, and Bayes factors in order that the inferential statistics test the theory. Specifying relevant effect sizes for power, or the equivalence region for equivalence testing, or the scale factor for Bayes factors, is necessary for many journal formats, such as registered reports, and should be necessary for all articles that use hypothesis testing. Yet there is little systematic advice on how to approach this problem. This article offers some principles and practical advice for specifying theoretically relevant effect sizes for hypothesis testing.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Dienes/Dienes_2020_Obtaining evidence for no effect.pdf},
  language = {en},
  type = {Preprint}
}

@article{dillonClusteringGaussianGraphical2019,
  title = {Clustering {{Gaussian Graphical Models}}},
  author = {Dillon, Keith},
  year = {2019},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {We derive an efficient method to perform clustering of nodes in Gaussian graphical models directly from sample data. Nodes are clustered based on the similarity of their network neighborhoods, with edge weights defined by partial correlations. In the limited-data scenario, where the covariance matrix would be rank-deficient, we are able to make use of matrix factors, and never need to estimate the actual covariance or precision matrix. We demonstrate the method on functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project. A matlab implementation of the algorithm is provided.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {1910.02342},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  journal = {arXiv:1910.02342 [cs, stat]},
  language = {en},
  primaryClass = {cs, stat}
}

@article{dimaggioCultureCognition1997,
  title = {Culture and {{Cognition}}},
  author = {DiMaggio, Paul},
  year = {1997},
  month = aug,
  volume = {23},
  pages = {263--287},
  issn = {0360-0572, 1545-2115},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.263},
  journal = {Annual Review of Sociology},
  language = {en},
  number = {1}
}

@article{dimarcoSocialClimbingAmoroso2020,
  title = {Social Climbing and {{Amoroso}} Distribution},
  author = {Dimarco, Giacomo and Toscani, Giuseppe},
  year = {2020},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {We introduce a class of one-dimensional linear kinetic equations of Boltzmann and Fokker--Planck type, describing the dynamics of individuals of a multi-agent society questing for high status in the social hierarchy. At the Boltzmann level, the microscopic variation of the status of agents around a universal desired target, is built up introducing as main criterion for the change of status a suitable value function in the spirit of the prospect theory of Kahneman and Twersky. In the asymptotics of grazing interactions, the solution density of the Boltzmann type kinetic equation is shown to converge towards the solution of a Fokker--Planck type equation with variable coefficients of diffusion and drift, characterized by the mathematical properties of the value function. The steady states of the statistical distribution of the social status predicted by the Fokker--Planck equations belong to the class of Amoroso distributions with Pareto tails, which correspond to the emergence of a \textbackslash emph\{social elite\}. The details of the microscopic kinetic interaction allow to clarify the meaning of the various parameters characterizing the resulting equilibrium. Numerical results then show that the steady state of the underlying kinetic equation is close to Amoroso distribution even in an intermediate regime in which interactions are not grazing.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {2006.02942},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Dimarco_Toscani/Dimarco_Toscani_2020_Social climbing and Amoroso distribution.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/AID4MZ2L/2006.html},
  journal = {arXiv:2006.02942 [physics]},
  primaryClass = {physics}
}

@article{dimitriadisTRIAGETemporalTwitter2020,
  title = {{{TRIAGE}} : {{Temporal Twitter}} Attribute Graph Patterns},
  author = {Dimitriadis, Ilias and Faloutsos, Christos and Poiitis, Marinos and Vakali, Athena},
  year = {2020},
  pages = {10},
  abstract = {Given a node-attributed network of Twitter users, can we capture their posting behavior over time and identify patterns that could probably describe, model or predict their activity? Based on the assumption that the posts of these users are topic-specific, can we identify temporal connectivity patterns that emerge from the use of specific attributes? More challengingly, are there any particular attribute usage patterns which indicate an inherent anomaly either for users or attributes? Our study attempts to provide solid answers to all the above questions, extending previous work on other social networks and attribute types. We propose TRIAGE, a pipeline of methods which : (a) identify temporal behavioral patterns in individual attribute distributions, (b) model the temporal evolution of attribute induced graphs and (c) detect irregular attributes and users based on the patterns identified earlier; More specifically, we model the attribute distributions using the log-Odds ratio, we provide explanations with respect to the attribute induced subgraph patterns and we observe the structural differences of attribute induced subgraphs based on these patterns. Experimental results show that : most of the individual attribute distributions remain stable over time following mostly power laws norm; the temporal evolution of attribute induced graphs obey certain laws and deviations are outliers; finally, we discover that we can indeed identify the structure of each subgraph, based on the emerging patterns. Real dataset experiments on 50K Twitter users activities and attributes has successfully proven that TRIAGE has effectively identified Twitter user and attribute behavioral patterns and can identify irregular activities for users and anomalous graph structures for attribute induced subgraphs.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/NY9LFY9L/Dimitriadis et al. - 2020 - TRIAGE  Temporal Twitter attribute graph patterns.pdf},
  language = {en}
}

@article{dingMultiResolutionPredictionModel2020,
  title = {Multi-{{Resolution Prediction Model Based}} on {{Community Relevance}} for {{Missing Links Prediction}}},
  author = {Ding, Jingyi and Song, Jian and Jiao, Licheng and Wu, Jianshe and Liu, Fang},
  year = {2020},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {113981--113993},
  issn = {2169-3536},
  doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3003822},
  abstract = {The existing research demonstrates that the link prediction algorithm which based on community similarity has better prediction performance than that of other node similarity-based methods, and it is more suitable for predicting the probability of the missing links between node-pairs with far distance. However, the disadvantage of these community similarity-based methods is the resolution of prediction accuracy is very low, which resulting in the existence probability of the missing links between node-pairs within a community or between a specific pair of communities is the same. In addition, the link prediction algorithms which based on multi-resolution community division can calculate the existence probability of missing links under different resolutions, but the relevance between communities had not taken into account, which makes it difficult to predict the existence probability of target links if the number of interconnections between communities is small. Combining the advantages of these two algorithms, we propose a more realistic link prediction model which based on a novel quasi-local community relevance index under multi-resolution community division. The performance of our algorithms is demonstrated by comparing with other well-known methods on two kinds of networks in different scales. The experiment results indicate that our approaches are very competitive.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Ding et al/Ding et al_2020_Multi-Resolution Prediction Model Based on Community Relevance for Missing.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/9TUPV739/9121266.html},
  journal = {IEEE Access}
}

@article{dinicCentralityRedundancyDark2020a,
  title = {Centrality and Redundancy of the {{Dark Tetrad}} Traits},
  author = {Dini{\'c}, Bojana M. and Wertag, Anja and Toma{\v s}evi{\'c}, Aleksandar and Sokolovska, Valentina},
  year = {2020},
  month = mar,
  volume = {155},
  pages = {109621},
  issn = {0191-8869},
  doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2019.109621},
  abstract = {The aim of this research was to examine centrality and redundancy of the Dark Tetrad traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and sadism) using network analysis. The first sample (N = 546) was assessed using a short instrument, the second (N = 404) and the third (N = 410) samples were assessed with full instruments for the first three dark traits, while for sadism the same instrument was used in all three studies. The results showed that psychopathy is the central feature across all networks, especially its facets which correspond to primary psychopathy or interpersonal manipulation and callousness. Narcissism seemed redundant when total scores of the dark traits were analyzed, but these results should be interpreted with caution given the small number of variables in the network. However, on the facet level, some facets of psychopathy were redundant (secondary psychopathy or lack of cognitive responsiveness). These results reiterate the importance of psychopathy in the core of the dark traits and provide a deeper insight into the relations between the Dark Tetrad traits.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/DBDWHTCN/S0191886919305537.html},
  journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
  keywords = {Dark Tetrad,Dark Triad,Network analysis},
  language = {en}
}

@article{dinicNarcissismNetworkCentrality2021,
  title = {The Narcissism Network and Centrality of Narcissism Features},
  author = {Dini{\'c}, Bojana M. and Sokolovska, Valentina and Toma{\v s}evi{\'c}, Aleksandar},
  year = {2021},
  month = jan,
  issn = {1936-4733},
  doi = {10.1007/s12144-020-01250-w},
  abstract = {The aim of this research was to explore the underlying structural organization and centrality of narcissism features by using network analysis. The research was conducted on a sample from the general population using subscales of four narcissism instruments (Narcissism Personality Inventory, Grandiose Narcissism Scale, Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory Short Form). The results revealed detection of four communities, one of which was interpreted as vulnerable narcissism, while the remaining three were interpreted as aspects of grandiose narcissism (grandiose exhibitionism, narcissistic antagonism, and authority). The results suggested that although features of grandiose narcissism (grandiose exhibitionism and leadership/authority) show consistent higher strength centrality across networks, entitlement/exploitativeness, followed by grandiose fantasy, has a central role in bringing together maladaptive grandiose and vulnerable aspects of narcissism. In addition, leadership/authority brings together various aspects of grandiose narcissism. The results support the role of entitlement features as the core of narcissism.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  journal = {Current Psychology},
  language = {en}
}

@inproceedings{dinicNetworkNarcissism2018,
  title = {The Network of Narcissism},
  booktitle = {European {{Conference}} on {{Personality}} ({{ECP}} 19)},
  author = {Dini{\'c}, Bojana and Sokolovska, Valentina and Toma{\v s}evi{\'c}, Aleksandar},
  year = {2018},
  month = jul,
  address = {{Zadar, Croatia}},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to explore the structural organization of narcissism facets obtained from Narcissism Personality Inventory (NPI), Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Grandiose Narcissism Scale (GNS) and Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI). The sample included 423 participants (50\% females) from general population. Results of LASSO network analysis showed that exhibitionism (NPI) is the most central node, followed by the contingent self-esteem (PNI) and need for admiration (FFNI). Community network analysis showed that four communities could be detected: 1. exhibitionism, which also includes vanity and grandiose fantasies, 2. exploitativeness/entitlement, which also captures callousness, 3. authority/manipulativeness, and 4. vulnerable narcissism. The results revealed the complexity of grandiose narcissism, compared to vulnerable narcissism in applied set of instruments.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved}
}

@article{DisgustAnxietyPolitical,
  title = {Disgust, {{Anxiety}}, and {{Political Learning}} in the {{Face}} of {{Threat}}},
  doi = {10.1111/ajps.12350},
  abstract = {{$<$}div class="abstract-group"{$>$}    {$<$}section class="article-section article-section\_\_abstract" lang="en" data-lang="en" id="section-1-en"{$>$}       {$<$}h3 class="article-section\_\_header main abstractlang\_en main"{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h3{$>$}       {$<$}div class="article-section\_\_content en main"{$>$}                              {$<$}p{$>$}Emotions feature prominently in political rhetoric and media frames, and they have             potent effects on how people process information. Yet, existing research has largely             overlooked the influence of disgust, which is a basic emotion that leads people to             avoid contamination threats. We illustrate how disgust may impede learning, as compared             to the more commonly studied emotion of anxiety.~Disgust and anxiety are natural reactions             to many kinds of political threats, but the two emotions influence political engagement             in different ways. This study investigated the distinctive effects of disgust in a             series of experiments that manipulated information about the outbreak of an infectious             disease. People who felt disgusted by a health threat were~less likely to learn crucial             facts about the threat and less likely to seek additional information. Thus, disgust             has the counterintuitive effect of decreasing public engagement in precisely those             situations where it is most critical.          {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science}
}

@article{DisgustAnxietyPoliticala,
  title = {Disgust, {{Anxiety}}, and {{Political Learning}} in the {{Face}} of {{Threat}}},
  doi = {10.1111/ajps.12350},
  abstract = {{$<$}div class="abstract-group"{$>$}    {$<$}section class="article-section article-section\_\_abstract" lang="en" data-lang="en" id="section-1-en"{$>$}       {$<$}h3 class="article-section\_\_header main abstractlang\_en main"{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h3{$>$}       {$<$}div class="article-section\_\_content en main"{$>$}                              {$<$}p{$>$}Emotions feature prominently in political rhetoric and media frames, and they have             potent effects on how people process information. Yet, existing research has largely             overlooked the influence of disgust, which is a basic emotion that leads people to             avoid contamination threats. We illustrate how disgust may impede learning, as compared             to the more commonly studied emotion of anxiety.~Disgust and anxiety are natural reactions             to many kinds of political threats, but the two emotions influence political engagement             in different ways. This study investigated the distinctive effects of disgust in a             series of experiments that manipulated information about the outbreak of an infectious             disease. People who felt disgusted by a health threat were~less likely to learn crucial             facts about the threat and less likely to seek additional information. Thus, disgust             has the counterintuitive effect of decreasing public engagement in precisely those             situations where it is most critical.          {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science}
}

@article{dittrichd.BayesianAnalysisHigherorder2020,
  title = {Bayesian Analysis of Higher-Order Network Autocorrelation Models},
  author = {{Dittrich, D.} and {Leenders, Roger} and {Mulder, Joris} and {Department of Methodology and Statistics} and {Department of Organization Studies}},
  year = {2020},
  issn = {1467-9531},
  abstract = {The network autocorrelation model has been the workhorse for estimating and testing the strength of theories of social influence in a network. In many network studies, different types of social influence are present simultaneously and can be modeled using various connectivity matrices. Often, researchers have expectations about the order of strength of these different influence mechanisms. However, currently available methods cannot be applied to test a specific order of social influence in a network. In this chapter, we first present flexible Bayesian techniques for estimating network autocorrelation models with multiple network autocorrelation parameters. Second, we develop new Bayes factors that allow researchers to test hypotheses with order constraints on the network autocorrelation parameters in a direct manner. Concomitantly, we give efficient algorithms for sampling from the posterior distributions and for computing the Bayes factors. Simulation results suggest that frequentist properties of Bayesian estimators based on non-informative priors for the network autocorrelation parameters are overall slightly superior to those based on maximum likelihood estimation. Furthermore, when testing statistical hypotheses, the Bayes factors show consistent behavior with evidence for a true data-generating hypothesis increasing with the sample size. Finally, we illustrate our methods using a data set from the economic growth theory.},
  journal = {Sociological Methodology},
  language = {en}
}

@article{dittrichNetworkAutocorrelationModeling2020,
  title = {Network {{Autocorrelation Modeling}}: {{Bayesian Techniques}} for {{Estimating}} and {{Testing Multiple Network Autocorrelations}}},
  shorttitle = {Network {{Autocorrelation Modeling}}},
  author = {Dittrich, Dino and Leenders, Roger Th. A. J. and Mulder, Joris},
  year = {2020},
  month = may,
  pages = {0081175020913899},
  publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
  issn = {0081-1750},
  doi = {10.1177/0081175020913899},
  abstract = {The network autocorrelation model has been the workhorse for estimating and testing the strength of theories of social influence in a network. In many network studies, different types of social influence are present simultaneously and can be modeled using various connectivity matrices. Often, researchers have expectations about the order of strength of these different influence mechanisms. However, currently available methods cannot be applied to test a specific order of social influence in a network. In this article, the authors first present flexible Bayesian techniques for estimating network autocorrelation models with multiple network autocorrelation parameters. Second, they develop new Bayes factors that allow researchers to test hypotheses with order constraints on the network autocorrelation parameters in a direct manner. Concomitantly, the authors give efficient algorithms for sampling from the posterior distributions and for computing the Bayes factors. Simulation results suggest that frequentist properties of Bayesian estimators on the basis of noninformative priors for the network autocorrelation parameters are overall slightly superior to those based on maximum likelihood estimation. Furthermore, when testing statistical hypotheses, the Bayes factors show consistent behavior with evidence for a true data-generating hypothesis increasing with the sample size. Finally, the authors illustrate their methods using a data set from economic growth theory.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Dittrich et al/Dittrich et al_2020_Network Autocorrelation Modeling.pdf},
  journal = {Sociological Methodology}
}

@book{dobratzPowerPoliticsSociety2012,
  title = {Power, Politics, and Society: {{An}} Introduction to Political Sociology},
  shorttitle = {Power, Politics, and Society},
  author = {Dobratz, Betty A. and Waldner, Lisa K. and Buzzell, Tim},
  year = {2012},
  edition = {1st ed},
  publisher = {{Pearson Allyn \& Bacon}},
  address = {{Boston}},
  annotation = {OCLC: ocn694172172},
  isbn = {978-0-205-48629-8},
  lccn = {JA76 .D598 2012}
}

@article{dominioniTrustSpilloversNational2020,
  title = {Trust Spillovers among National and {{European}} Institutions},
  author = {Dominioni, Goran and Quintavalla, Alberto and Romano, Alessandro},
  year = {2020},
  month = jan,
  pages = {146511651989783},
  issn = {1465-1165, 1741-2757},
  doi = {10.1177/1465116519897835},
  abstract = {In this article, we study spillovers in political trust between the national parliaments of 15 Member States and the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Central Bank in the period 2000\textendash 2015. We show that in most instances spillovers between the national parliaments and the European Commission and the European Parliament are bidirectional, asymmetric, and change over time and place. A corollary of these findings is that simultaneously achieving high level of trust in institutions at different levels of governance may require a deeper understanding of the complex inter-institutional relationships that exist in the EU multilevel governance setting.},
  journal = {European Union Politics},
  language = {en}
}

@article{dongXDSemEval2020Task2020,
  title = {{{XD}} at {{SemEval}}-2020 {{Task}} 12: {{Ensemble Approach}} to {{Offensive Language Identification}} in {{Social Media Using Transformer Encoders}}},
  shorttitle = {{{XD}} at {{SemEval}}-2020 {{Task}} 12},
  author = {Dong, Xiangjue and Choi, Jinho D.},
  year = {2020},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {This paper presents six document classification models using the latest transformer encoders and a high-performing ensemble model for a task of offensive language identification in social media. For the individual models, deep transformer layers are applied to perform multi-head attentions. For the ensemble model, the utterance representations taken from those individual models are concatenated and fed into a linear decoder to make the final decisions. Our ensemble model outperforms the individual models and shows up to 8.6\% improvement over the individual models on the development set. On the test set, it achieves macro-F1 of 90.9\% and becomes one of the high performing systems among 85 participants in the sub-task A of this shared task. Our analysis shows that although the ensemble model significantly improves the accuracy on the development set, the improvement is not as evident on the test set.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {2007.10945},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/JZMDI572/Dong and Choi - 2020 - XD at SemEval-2020 Task 12 Ensemble Approach to O.pdf},
  journal = {arXiv:2007.10945 [cs]},
  language = {en},
  primaryClass = {cs}
}

@article{dornschneiderHighStakesDecision2019,
  title = {High-{{Stakes Decision}}-{{Making Within Complex Social Environments}}: {{A Computational Model}} of {{Belief Systems}} in the {{Arab Spring}}},
  shorttitle = {High-{{Stakes Decision}}-{{Making Within Complex Social Environments}}},
  author = {Dornschneider, Stephanie},
  year = {2019},
  month = jul,
  volume = {43},
  issn = {0364-0213, 1551-6709},
  doi = {10.1111/cogs.12762},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  language = {en},
  number = {7}
}

@article{doronSingleTransferrableVote1977,
  title = {Single Transferrable Vote: {{An}} Example of a Perverse Social Choice Function},
  shorttitle = {Single {{Transferrable Vote}}},
  author = {Doron, Gideon and Kronick, Richard},
  year = {1977},
  month = may,
  volume = {21},
  pages = {303},
  issn = {00925853},
  doi = {10.2307/2110496},
  journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
  number = {2}
}

@article{doshi-velezInfiniteDynamicBayesian,
  title = {Infinite {{Dynamic Bayesian Networks}}},
  author = {{Doshi-Velez}, Finale and Wingate, David and Tenenbaum, Joshua and Roy, Nicholas},
  pages = {8},
  abstract = {We present the infinite dynamic Bayesian network model (iDBN), a nonparametric, factored state-space model that generalizes dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). The iDBN can infer every aspect of a DBN: the number of hidden factors, the number of values each factor can take, and (arbitrarily complex) connections and conditionals between factors and observations. In this way, the iDBN generalizes other nonparametric state space models, which until now generally focused on binary hidden nodes and more restricted connection structures. We show how this new prior allows us to find interesting structure in benchmark tests and on two realworld datasets involving weather data and neural information flow networks.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Doshi-Velez et al/Doshi-Velez et al_Infinite Dynamic Bayesian Networks.pdf},
  language = {en}
}

@article{doskocilovaForecastingElectionResults,
  title = {Forecasting {{Election Results}} in the {{Czech Republic}}},
  author = {Dosko{\v c}ilov{\'a}, Bc Kate{\v r}ina},
  pages = {69},
  language = {en}
}

@article{doverCentralizedNucleationOnline2018,
  title = {Centralized Nucleation in Online Networks Leads to High Social Inequality},
  author = {Dover, Yaniv and Kelman, Guy},
  year = {2018},
  month = dec,
  volume = {3},
  pages = {1--15},
  publisher = {{SpringerOpen}},
  issn = {2364-8228},
  doi = {10.1007/s41109-018-0102-3},
  abstract = {Even though the heterogeneity of centrality in social networks is well documented, its role and effect on network stability in real life remains unclear. The literature roughly suggests that network structure is such that networks have an ``inner'' highly-connected nucleus and, in contrast, sparse outer shells. But to what extent is the existence of this nucleus crucial for the survival of a network? To what extent is the outer shells' much larger population essential to the longevity of the network? Furthermore, as a network grows and forms, theoretically speaking, network structure should be dependent on the patterns of change of degree centrality, i.e., social mobility between centrality shells. What is the role of social mobility in the formation of the nucleus-to-periphery profile, and is it related to network lifetime? Here, we explore these questions using data collected covering over a decade of activity from more than 10, 000 networked communities, with more than 134,000 users. We find that: (i) social mobility is, on average, negative but that, (ii) the higher the social mobility of the members of the network, the more stable and long-living the network is. Further, (iii) the network is, indeed, composed of two phases - a large but ephemeral sparsely connected ``cloud'' of actors, that nucleates around a highly stable nucleus of users. Lastly, (iv) networked communities which maintain a specific nucleus-to-periphery ratio {$\eta$}, i.e., a ratio of the size of the nucleus to periphery of around \$\$ \textbackslash eta =\textbackslash frac\{1\}\{4\} \$\$ , have a greater chance of survival. We find that deviations from this nucleus-to-periphery ratio predict a collapse of network activity, especially in the case of younger communities.},
  copyright = {2018 The Author(s)},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/5LJ734FU/Dover_Kelman_2018_Centralized nucleation in online networks leads to high social inequality.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/DQEBI754/s41109-018-0102-3.html;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/QLD6YR25/s41109-018-0102-3.html},
  journal = {Applied Network Science},
  language = {en},
  number = {1}
}

@article{doverEmergenceOnlineCommunities2018,
  title = {Emergence of Online Communities: {{Empirical}} Evidence and Theory},
  shorttitle = {Emergence of Online Communities},
  author = {Dover, Yaniv and Kelman, Guy},
  year = {2018},
  month = nov,
  volume = {13},
  pages = {e0205167},
  publisher = {{Public Library of Science}},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0205167},
  abstract = {Online communities, which have become an integral part of the day-to-day life of people and organizations, exhibit much diversity in both size and activity level; some communities grow to a massive scale and thrive, whereas others remain small, and even wither. In spite of the important role of these proliferating communities, there is limited empirical evidence that identifies the dominant factors underlying their dynamics. Using data collected from seven large online platforms, we observe a relationship between online community size and its activity which generally repeats itself across platforms: First, in most platforms, three distinct activity regimes exist\textemdash one of low-activity and two of high-activity. Further, we find a sharp activity phase transition at a critical community size that marks the shift between the first and the second regime in six out of the seven online platforms. Essentially, we argue that it is around this critical size that sustainable interactive communities emerge. The third activity regime occurs above a higher characteristic size in which community activity reaches and remains at a constant and higher level. We find that there is variance in the steepness of the slope of the second regime, that leads to the third regime of saturation, but that the third regime is exhibited in six of the seven online platforms. We propose that the sharp activity phase transition and the regime structure stem from the branching property of online interactions.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/774ILNXK/Dover_Kelman_2018_Emergence of online communities.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/NCGBDSQT/article.html},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {Internet,Life cycles,Maximum likelihood estimation,Online encyclopedias,Random variables,Simulation and modeling,Social networks,Trees},
  language = {en},
  number = {11}
}

@inproceedings{doverNucleationSocialGroups2018,
  title = {Nucleation of {{Social Groups}}: {{The Role}} of~{{Centrality Inequality}} and {{Social Mobility}}},
  shorttitle = {Nucleation of {{Social Groups}}},
  booktitle = {Complex {{Networks}} \& {{Their Applications VI}}},
  author = {Dover, Yaniv and Kelman, Guy},
  editor = {Cherifi, Chantal and Cherifi, Hocine and Karsai, M{\'a}rton and Musolesi, Mirco},
  year = {2018},
  pages = {670--679},
  publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
  address = {{Cham}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-72150-7_54},
  abstract = {Even though the heterogeneity of social networks centrality is well documented, its role and effect on network stability, is unclear. It is known that, universally, networks have an ``inner'' highly-connected nucleus and, in contrast, sparser outer shells. But, to what extent the existence of this nucleus is crucial for the survival of a network? To what extent is the outer shells, much-larger population, essential to the longevity of the network? Furthermore, network structure is very much dependent on the mobility between centrality shells, i.e., social mobility. What is, then, the role of social mobility in the formation of the nucleus-periphery profile and does it have an effect on network lifetime? Here, we explore these questions using data collected of more than 10K networked communities, with more than 134K users, for over a decade. We find that: (i) social mobility is, on average, negative and promotes instability, and (ii) the more positive social mobility is, the more stable the community. Further, (iii) the network is composed of two phases, a large but ephemeral sparsely-connected cloud of actors which nucleates around a highly stable nucleus of core users. Finally, (iv) networked communities which closely maintain a nucleation ratio, i.e., ratio between nucleus size and outer shells size, of 1 to 3, exhibit the best chances of survival. Deviations from this nucleation ratio translates into the collapse of the network, especially for younger communities.},
  isbn = {978-3-319-72150-7},
  keywords = {Central Inequality,Centrality Shells,Nucleation Ratio,Social Mobility,Younger Communities},
  language = {en},
  series = {Studies in {{Computational Intelligence}}}
}

@article{doverSustainableOnlineCommunities2020,
  title = {Sustainable Online Communities Exhibit Distinct Hierarchical Structures across Scales of Size},
  author = {Dover, Yaniv and Goldenberg, Jacob and Shapira, Daniel},
  year = {2020},
  month = jul,
  volume = {476},
  pages = {20190730},
  publisher = {{Royal Society}},
  doi = {10.1098/rspa.2019.0730},
  abstract = {As humans, we are uniquely competent at incorporating ourselves into groups that scale up from a few members to millions of individuals to engage in joint activities in social circles of varying sizes. Yet, the question of how a group's survival depends on its social structure is not well understood. In an analysis of more than 10\,122 real-life online communities (with a total of 134\,147 members) hosted by a leading platform over periods of more than a decade, we observe a prominent structural difference between stable and unstable communities, enabling the prediction of sustainability up to a decade ahead. We find that communities that fail to maintain a typical hierarchical social structure that preserves cohesiveness across size scales do not survive, while communities that exhibit such balance prevail. This difference is observable in as early as the first 30 days of a community's lifetime, enabling prediction of community sustainability up to 10 years in the future. We theorize that communities comprising distinct social structures that balance global and local factors across scales of sizes are more likely to maintain sustainability.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/HBBZYL4Y/Dover et al_2020_Sustainable online communities exhibit distinct hierarchical structures across.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/5MECFETK/rspa.2019.html;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/9CFALUYS/rspa.2019.html},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
  number = {2239}
}

@article{downs2004PresidentialParliamentary2006,
  title = {The 2004 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in {{Romania}}},
  author = {Downs, William M. and Miller, Raluca V.},
  year = {2006},
  month = jun,
  volume = {25},
  pages = {409--415},
  issn = {02613794},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2005.10.007},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  language = {en},
  number = {2}
}

@article{downs2008ParliamentaryElection2009,
  title = {The 2008 Parliamentary Election in {{Romania}}},
  author = {Downs, William M.},
  year = {2009},
  month = sep,
  volume = {28},
  pages = {510--513},
  issn = {02613794},
  doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2009.04.002},
  journal = {Electoral Studies},
  language = {en},
  number = {3}
}

@article{drummondElectoralVolatilityParty2006,
  title = {Electoral Volatility and Party Decline in {{Western}} Democracies: 1970\textendash 1995},
  shorttitle = {Electoral {{Volatility}} and {{Party Decline}} in {{Western Democracies}}},
  author = {Drummond, Andrew J.},
  year = {2006},
  month = oct,
  volume = {54},
  pages = {628--647},
  issn = {0032-3217, 1467-9248},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9248.2006.00617.x},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  language = {en},
  number = {3}
}

@article{duarteDiscreteStatisticalModels,
  title = {Discrete {{Statistical Models}} with {{Rational Maximum Likelihood Estimator}}. ({{arXiv}}:1903.06110v1 [Math.{{ST}}])},
  author = {href="http://arxiv.org/find/math/1/au:+Duarte\_E/0/1/0/all/0/1"{$>$}Eliana Duarte{$<$}/a{$>$} and href="http://arxiv.org/find/math/1/au:+Marigliano\_O/0/1/0/all/0/1"{$>$}Orlando Marigliano{$<$}/a{$>$} and href="http://arxiv.org/find/math/1/au:+Sturmfels\_B/0/1/0/all/0/1"{$>$}Bernd Sturmfels{$<$}/a{$>$}},
  doi = {arXiv:1903.06110v1},
  abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}A discrete statistical model is a subset of a probability simplex. Its maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is a retraction from that simplex onto the model. We characterize all models for which this retraction is a rational function. This is a contribution via real algebraic geometry which rests on results due to Huh and Kapranov on Horn uniformization. We present an algorithm for constructing models with rational MLE, and we demonstrate it on a range of instances. Our focus lies on models familiar to statisticians, like Bayesian networks, decomposable graphical models, and staged trees. {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {arXiv Statistics Theory}
}

@article{duarteDiscreteStatisticalModelsa,
  title = {Discrete {{Statistical Models}} with {{Rational Maximum Likelihood Estimator}}. ({{arXiv}}:1903.06110v1 [Math.{{ST}}])},
  author = {href="http://arxiv.org/find/math/1/au:+Duarte\_E/0/1/0/all/0/1"{$>$}Eliana Duarte{$<$}/a{$>$} and href="http://arxiv.org/find/math/1/au:+Marigliano\_O/0/1/0/all/0/1"{$>$}Orlando Marigliano{$<$}/a{$>$} and href="http://arxiv.org/find/math/1/au:+Sturmfels\_B/0/1/0/all/0/1"{$>$}Bernd Sturmfels{$<$}/a{$>$}},
  doi = {arXiv:1903.06110v1},
  abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}A discrete statistical model is a subset of a probability simplex. Its maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is a retraction from that simplex onto the model. We characterize all models for which this retraction is a rational function. This is a contribution via real algebraic geometry which rests on results due to Huh and Kapranov on Horn uniformization. We present an algorithm for constructing models with rational MLE, and we demonstrate it on a range of instances. Our focus lies on models familiar to statisticians, like Bayesian networks, decomposable graphical models, and staged trees. {$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {arXiv Statistics Theory}
}

@article{dubovaReinforcementCommunicationLearning,
  title = {Reinforcement {{Communication Learning}} in {{Different Social Network Structures}}},
  author = {Dubova, Marina and Moskvichev, Arseny and Goldstone, Robert L},
  pages = {8},
  abstract = {Social network structure is one of the key determinants of human language evolution. Previous work has shown that the network of social interactions shapes decentralized learning in human groups, leading to the emergence of different kinds of communicative conventions. We examined the effects of social network organization on the properties of communication systems emerging in decentralized, multi-agent reinforcement learning communities. We found that the global connectivity of a social network drives the convergence of populations on shared and symmetric communication systems, preventing the agents from forming many local ``dialects''. Moreover, the agent's degree is inversely related to the consistency of its use of communicative conventions. These results show the importance of the basic properties of social network structure on reinforcement communication learning and suggest a new interpretation of findings on human convergence on word conventions.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/Q5F8R9JM/Dubova et al. - Reinforcement Communication Learning in Different .pdf},
  language = {en}
}

@article{duchMultimodesDetectingExperimentalundefined/ed,
  title = {Multi-Modes for {{Detecting Experimental Measurement Error}}},
  author = {Duch, Raymond and Laroze, Denise and Robinson, Thomas and Beramendi, Pablo},
  year = {undefined/ed},
  pages = {1--21},
  issn = {1047-1987, 1476-4989},
  doi = {10.1017/pan.2019.34},
  abstract = {Experiments should be designed to facilitate the detection of experimental measurement error. To this end, we advocate the implementation of identical experimental protocols employing diverse experimental modes. We suggest iterative nonparametric estimation techniques for assessing the magnitude of heterogeneous treatment effects across these modes. And we propose two diagnostic strategies\textemdash measurement metrics embedded in experiments, and measurement experiments\textemdash that help assess whether any observed heterogeneity reflects experimental measurement error. To illustrate our argument, first we conduct and analyze results from four identical interactive experiments: in the lab; online with subjects from the CESS lab subject pool; online with an online subject pool; and online with MTurk workers. Second, we implement a measurement experiment in India with CESS Online subjects and MTurk workers.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/JTZ5MBBA/37514FC46CF29C7B345DB9881E252150.html},
  journal = {Political Analysis},
  language = {en}
}

@article{duck-mayrGPIRTGaussianProcess,
  title = {{{GPIRT}}: {{A Gaussian Process Model}} for {{Item Response Theory}}},
  author = {{Duck-Mayr}, JBrandon and Garnett, Roman and Montgomery, Jacob M},
  pages = {12},
  abstract = {The goal of item response theoretic (IRT) models is to provide estimates of latent traits from binary observed indicators and at the same time to learn the item response functions (IRFs) that map from latent trait to observed response. However, in many cases observed behavior can deviate significantly from the parametric assumptions of traditional IRT models. Nonparametric IRT models overcome these challenges by relaxing assumptions about the form of the IRFs, but standard tools are unable to simultaneously estimate flexible IRFs and recover ability estimates for respondents. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric model that solves this problem by placing Gaussian process priors on the latent functions defining the IRFs. This allows us to simultaneously relax assumptions about the shape of the IRFs while preserving the ability to estimate latent traits. This in turn allows us to easily extend the model to further tasks such as active learning. GPIRT therefore provides a simple and intuitive solution to several longstanding problems in the IRT literature.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Duck-Mayr et al/Duck-Mayr et al_GPIRT.pdf},
  language = {en}
}

@techreport{dursoScaleLengthDoes2020,
  title = {Scale Length Does Matter: {{Recommendations}} for {{Measurement Invariance Testing}} with {{Categorical Factor Analysis}} and {{Item Response Theory Approaches}}},
  shorttitle = {Scale Length Does Matter},
  author = {D'Urso, E. Damiano and De Roover, Kim and Vermunt, Jeroen K. and Tijmstra, Jesper},
  year = {2020},
  month = apr,
  institution = {{PsyArXiv}},
  doi = {10.31234/osf.io/udbna},
  abstract = {In social sciences, the study of group differences concerning latent constructs is ubiquitous. These constructs are generally measured by means of scales composed of ordinal items. In order to compare these constructs across groups, one crucial requirement is that they are measured equivalently or, in technical jargon, that measurement invariance holds across the groups. This study compared the performance of multiple group categorical confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CCFA) and multiple group item response theory (MG-IRT) in testing measurement invariance with ordinal data. A simulation study was conducted to compare the true positive rate (TPR) and false positive rate (FPR) both at the scale and at the item level for these two approaches under an invariance and a noninvariance scenario. The results of the simulation studies showed that the performance, in terms of the TPR, of MG-CCFA- and MG-IRT-based approaches mostly depends on the scale length. In fact, for long scales, the likelihood ratio test (LRT) approach, for MG-IRT, outperformed the other approaches, while, for short scales, MG-CCFA seemed to be generally preferable. In addition, the performance of MG-CCFA's fit measures, such as RMSEA and CFI, seemed to depend largely on the length of the scale, especially when MI was tested at the item level. General caution is recommended when using these measures, especially when MI is tested for each item individually. A decision flowchart, based on the results of the simulation studies, is provided to help summarizing the results and providing indications on which approach performed best and in which setting.},
  language = {en},
  type = {Preprint}
}

@article{edelmannComputationalSocialScience2020,
  title = {Computational {{Social Science}} and {{Sociology}}},
  author = {Edelmann, Achim and Wolff, Tom and Montagne, Danielle and Bail, Christopher A.},
  year = {2020},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {null},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621},
  abstract = {The integration of social science with computer science and engineering fields has produced a new area of study: computational social science. This field applies computational methods to novel sources of digital data such as social media, administrative records, and historical archives to develop theories of human behavior. We review the evolution of this field within sociology via bibliometric analysis and in-depth analysis of the following subfields where this new work is appearing most rapidly: (a) social network analysis and group formation; (b) collective behavior and political sociology; (c) the sociology of knowledge; (d) cultural sociology, social psychology, and emotions; (e) the production of culture; ( f ) economic sociology and organizations; and (g) demography and population studies. Our review reveals that sociologists are not only at the center of cutting-edge research that addresses longstanding questions about human behavior but also developing new lines of inquiry about digital spaces as well. We conclude by discussing challenging new obstacles in the field, calling for increased attention to sociological theory, and identifying new areas where computational social science might be further integrated into mainstream sociology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 46 is July 30, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.},
  annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Edelmann et al/Edelmann et al_2020_Computational Social Science and Sociology2.pdf},
  journal = {Annual Review of Sociology},
  number = {1}
}

@book{edelsteinFrenchRevolutionBirth2014,
  title = {The {{French Revolution}} and the Birth of Electoral Democracy},
  author = {Edelstein, Melvin Allen},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {{Ashgate}},
  address = {{Surrey}},
  isbn = {978-1-4094-5471-7},
  lccn = {JN2468 .E44 2014}
}

@article{edmondsCodevelopingBeliefsSocial2019,
  title = {Co-Developing Beliefs and Social Influence Networks\textemdash towards Understanding Socio-Cognitive Processes like {{Brexit}}},
  author = {Edmonds, Bruce},
  year = {2019},
  month = jun,
  issn = {1573-7845},
  doi = {10.1007/s11135-019-00891-9},
  abstract = {A model of mutual influence is presented where the structure of individual's beliefs and the social structure both matter. The model thus combines processes of belief change base on Thagard's (Behav Brain Sci 12:435\textendash 467, 1989) theory of mental coherence with plausible processes of social network change. This combination of cognitive and social processes has outcomes that are qualitatively different from either only cognitive or only social processes, which shows the importance of studying these together. An illustration that moves towards representing the processes involved in Brexit is also exhibited to show the potential of this kind of simulation. Whilst only conceived of as an illustration of a kind of model, it is consistent with a number of observed patterns in opinion poll data, with some social and cognitive theories and only consists of plausible processes. This kind of model could also be used to relate and integrate different kinds of evidence into a coherent framework in the shape of more developed simulations.},
  journal = {Quality \& Quantity}
}

@article{eetiEffectInfluentialNodes2020,
  title = {Effect of {{Influential Nodes}} on {{Time Varying Opinion Formation Models}}},
  author = {{Eeti} and Singh, Anurag},
  year = {2020},
  volume = {173},
  pages = {120--129},
  issn = {18770509},
  doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2020.06.016},
  abstract = {IAnbfosrtmraacttion diffusion is considered as ubiquitous phenomena. There can be various points of information flow in a social network e.g, social contacts, media. People are connected through their social contacts to construct a social network. Social network is never sIntaftoircmaastcioonnndeifcftuiosniosnkiesecpoonnsicdhearendgiansguabmiqounigtotuhseppheeonpolme.eCnoa.ntTinhueoreusclayncbheanvgariniogunseptowionrtsk oisf tienrfmoremdaatsioTneflmopworianl aorsoTciimalenveatrwyoinrgk ne.egt,wsoorcki.alPcroobnatabcitlsit,ymoefdcioa.nPsteroupclteinagrenecwoncnoencnteedcttihornosuigshhtihgehierrsioncicaolmcopnatraiscotsnttoocroenmsotrvuacltoafscoocnianlencteitownos.rkIn. fSoorcmiaaltinoentwfloorwksisamneovnegr tshtaetinceatws coorknncercetaitoenssokpeienpioonnacmhoannggitnhgeapmeoopnlge.thOeppienoiopnles.oCfopnetoinpuleoukseleypcohnanegfifnegctninegtwthoerkoitsheterrsmoepdinaisonTewmhpicohraalroernTeiimghebvoaurrysinogf tnheattwpoerkrs.oPnro.bTahbiislitiys ohfocwonosptirnuicotningdynneawmcicosnnweocrtiko.nTshiserheigahreerciansceosmofpafraikseonnetowrse,moor vsaplroeafdcionngnegcotoiodnws.iIllnfroerlamteadtioton flaopwrosdaumcot nogr cthaemnpeatiwgnoirnkgcirneaptoelsitoicpsi.nIinoflnuaemntoinalgntohdeepsepolpalye.aOmpaijnoirornosleofinpaelolpthleeskeeeapppolnicaetfifoencsti.nSgotmhee ohtihgehrisnoflpuienniotinalwnhoidcehs aarceconrediignhgbotourthseoirf ltohcaat tpioenrsionnth. eTnheistwisorhkowareoppiicnkioend danydnabmriibcesdwtoorskp.rTeahderseomaree icnafsoersmoaftiofankaemnoenwgs,thoer nspetrweaodrikngcregaotoindgwailslpreecliafitecdretqouairepdroodpuicntioonr acmamopnagigthneinsgociniapl onleittiwcos.rkIn. fluential nodes play a major role in all these applications. Some high influential nodes according to their locIantitohnisinwtohrekn, etitmwoervkaarryeinpgicokpeidniaonnd fborrimbeadtiotonsmproedaedlssoamree cinofnosrimdearteido,ncaomnosindgertihnegndeitfwfeorrekntcrperaotpinegrtiaesspee.cgi,fiocprienqiounireddifofeprienniocne tahmreosnhgoltdh,ewsoecigiahltendetowpoirnkio. ns to consider different types of models e.g, simple model, weighted opinion model, weighted opinion thrIenshtohlids wmoordke,l.tiImt eisvaanrayliynzgedopthinaitoandfdoinrmg awtihoinchmpordoeplesrtayr,eincflonuseindteiarel dn,ocdoensscidaneriwnogrkdibffeetrteenr tapnrdoipneflrtuieens cee.gt,heopnientiwonordkifqfueirceknlcye. OthpreinshioonldD, wifefeigrehntecde oTphirneisohnosldtoicsocnosnidseidredriefdfertoencthtyecpkesthoef mdiofdfeerlesnec.eg,osfimopplienimonosdeble,twweeiegnhttewdoonpeinigiohnbomuoridnegl, nwoediegsh.teNdoodpeisniaorne wthereigshhtoeldd amccoodredl.inIgt itso athneailryzinefldutehnacteatdodicnaglcwulhaitcehthperowpeeirgthy,teidnfloupeinnitoianl.nOondethsecsaenmwoodreklsb, eetftfeerctanodf iinnflfluueenntciaeltnhoedneestiwsoarnkalqyuziecdk.lyIt. iOspailnsioodnisDcuifsfseeredntcheatThhorwesmhoulcdhips ecrocennsitdagereeodftionflcuheenctkiatlhneoddeifsfecraenncberinogf tohpeinnieotnwsorbkettwo eceonnstewnosunsetioghthbeourerqinugirendodoepsi.niNonodteresnadr.e weighted according to their influence to calculate the weighted opinion. On these models, effect of influential nodes is analyzed. It \textcopyright is a2l0s2o0dTishceusAseudthtohrast.hPouwblmishuecdh bpyerEcelsnetvagieer oBf.Vin.fluential nodes can bring the network to consensus to the required opinion trend.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/8QACAN6C/Eeti and Singh - 2020 - Effect of Influential Nodes on Time Varying Opinio.pdf},
  journal = {Procedia Computer Science},
  language = {en}
}

@article{egerEvenSwedenEffect2010,
  title = {Even in {{Sweden}}: {{The Effect}} of {{Immigration}} on {{Support}} for {{Welfare State Spending}}},
  shorttitle = {Even in {{Sweden}}},
  author = {Eger, Maureen A.},
  year = {2010},
  month = apr,
  volume = {26},
  pages = {203--217},
  publisher = {{Oxford Academic}},
  issn = {0266-7215},
  doi = {10.1093/esr/jcp017},
  abstract = {Abstract.  While the politics of globalization and welfare state retrenchment have garnered much attention in recent years, scholarly research on public support},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Documents/Zotero/Eger/Eger_2010_Even in Sweden.pdf;/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/V4KREWV8/473672.html},
  journal = {European Sociological Review},
  language = {en},
  number = {2}
}

@article{eichhornEstimatingEffectCompetitiveness2020,
  title = {Estimating the {{Effect}} of {{Competitiveness}} on {{Turnout}} across {{Regime Types}}},
  author = {Eichhorn, Kristin and Linhart, Eric},
  year = {2020},
  month = may,
  pages = {0032321720914645},
  publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
  issn = {0032-3217},
  doi = {10.1177/0032321720914645},
  abstract = {Electoral turnout as an indicator of political participation, political equality and, thus, democratic performance is one of the most important variables in the study of elections. While numerous studies have contributed to the explanation of electoral turnout, the picture is still incomplete. Notably, a variable which pertains to the core of elections, the competitiveness of electoral races, is not fully understood yet. We contribute to filling this gap by accounting for different effects of competitiveness in democracies and autocracies, as well as against the background of varying institutional settings. Our analyses suggest that vote margins are a suitable measure of competitiveness, but only in democracies with plurality or majority electoral systems. Ex ante measures of competitiveness capture the concept of competitiveness more comprehensively and are applicable across electoral systems and regime types.},
  journal = {Political Studies},
  language = {en}
}

@article{eichstaedtTrackingFluctuationsPsychological,
  title = {Tracking {{Fluctuations}} in {{Psychological States Using Social Media Language}}: {{A Case Study}} of {{Weekly Emotion}}},
  shorttitle = {Tracking {{Fluctuations}} in {{Psychological States Using Social Media Language}}},
  author = {Eichstaedt, Johannes C. and Weidman, Aaron C.},
  volume = {n/a},
  issn = {1099-0984},
  doi = {10.1002/per.2261},
  abstract = {Personality psychologists are increasingly documenting dynamic, within-person processes. Big data methodologies can augment this endeavour by allowing for the collection of naturalistic and personality-relevant digital traces from online environments. Whereas big data methods have primarily been used to catalogue static personality dimensions, here we present a case study in how they can be used to track dynamic fluctuations in psychological states. We apply a text-based, machine learning prediction model to Facebook status updates to compute weekly trajectories of emotional valence and arousal. We train this model on 2895 human-annotated Facebook statuses and apply the resulting model to 303 575 Facebook statuses posted by 640 US Facebook users who had previously self-reported their Big Five traits, yielding an average of 28 weekly estimates per user. We examine the correlations between model-predicted emotion and self-reported personality, providing a test of the robustness of these links when using weekly aggregated data, rather than momentary data as in prior work. We further present dynamic visualizations of weekly valence and arousal for every user, while making the final data set of 17 937 weeks openly available. We discuss the strengths and drawbacks of this method in the context of personality psychology's evolution into a dynamic science. \textcopyright{} 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology},
  annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/per.2261},
  copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology},
  journal = {European Journal of Personality},
  language = {en},
  number = {n/a}
}

@article{eidAnalysingMultisourceFeedback,
  title = {Analysing Multisource Feedback with Multilevel Structural Equation\ Models: {{Pitfalls}} and Recommendations from a Simulation Study},
  author = {Eid, Michael and Schultze, Martin and Mahlke, Jana},
  doi = {10.1111/bmsp.12149},
  abstract = {{$<$}div class="abstract-group"{$>$}    {$<$}section class="article-section article-section\_\_abstract" lang="en" data-lang="en" id="section-1-en"{$>$}       {$<$}h3 class="article-section\_\_header main abstractlang\_en main"{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h3{$>$}       {$<$}div class="article-section\_\_content en main"{$>$}          {$<$}p{$>$}When multisource feedback instruments, for example, 360-degree feedback tools, are validated, multilevel structural equation~models are the method of choice to quantify the amount of reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity. A non-standard multilevel structural equation~model that incorporates self-ratings (level-2 variables) and others' ratings from different additional perspectives (level-1 variables), for example, peers and subordinates, has recently been presented. In a Monte Carlo simulation study, we determine the minimal required sample sizes for this model. Model parameters are accurately estimated even with the smallest simulated sample size of 100 self-ratings and two ratings of peers and of subordinates. The precise estimation of standard errors necessitates sample sizes of 400 self-ratings or at least four ratings of peers and subordinates. However, if sample sizes are smaller, mainly standard errors concerning common method factors are biased. Interestingly, there are trade-off effects between the sample sizes of self-ratings and others' ratings in their effect on estimation bias. The degree of convergent and discriminant validity has no effect on the accuracy of model estimates. The \emph{{$\chi$}}\textsuperscript{2} test statistic does not follow the expected distribution. Therefore, we suggest using a corrected level-specific standardized root mean square residual to analyse model fit and conclude with further recommendations for applied organizational research.{$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology}
}

@article{eidAnalysingMultisourceFeedbacka,
  title = {Analysing Multisource Feedback with Multilevel Structural Equation\ Models: {{Pitfalls}} and Recommendations from a Simulation Study},
  author = {Eid, Michael and Schultze, Martin and Mahlke, Jana},
  doi = {10.1111/bmsp.12149},
  abstract = {{$<$}div class="abstract-group"{$>$}    {$<$}section class="article-section article-section\_\_abstract" lang="en" data-lang="en" id="section-1-en"{$>$}       {$<$}h3 class="article-section\_\_header main abstractlang\_en main"{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h3{$>$}       {$<$}div class="article-section\_\_content en main"{$>$}          {$<$}p{$>$}When multisource feedback instruments, for example, 360-degree feedback tools, are validated, multilevel structural equation~models are the method of choice to quantify the amount of reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity. A non-standard multilevel structural equation~model that incorporates self-ratings (level-2 variables) and others' ratings from different additional perspectives (level-1 variables), for example, peers and subordinates, has recently been presented. In a Monte Carlo simulation study, we determine the minimal required sample sizes for this model. Model parameters are accurately estimated even with the smallest simulated sample size of 100 self-ratings and two ratings of peers and of subordinates. The precise estimation of standard errors necessitates sample sizes of 400 self-ratings or at least four ratings of peers and subordinates. However, if sample sizes are smaller, mainly standard errors concerning common method factors are biased. Interestingly, there are trade-off effects between the sample sizes of self-ratings and others' ratings in their effect on estimation bias. The degree of convergent and discriminant validity has no effect on the accuracy of model estimates. The \emph{{$\chi$}}\textsuperscript{2} test statistic does not follow the expected distribution. Therefore, we suggest using a corrected level-specific standardized root mean square residual to analyse model fit and conclude with further recommendations for applied organizational research.{$<$}/p{$>$}},
  journal = {British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology}
}

@article{eiler2017interaction,
  title = {Interaction-Dominant Dynamics, Timescale Enslavement, and the Emergence of Social Behavior},
  author = {Eiler, Brian A and Kallen, Rachel W and Richardson, Michael J},
  year = {2017},
  pages = {105},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Dropbox/Zotero/Eiler et al/Eiler et al_2017_Interaction-dominant dynamics, timescale enslavement, and the emergence of.pdf},
  journal = {Computational social psychology. New York: Routledge}
}

@article{ejrnaesDividedUnitedExplaining2019,
  title = {Divided but United: Explaining Nested Public Support for {{European}} Integration},
  shorttitle = {Divided but United},
  author = {Ejrn{\ae}s, Anders and Jensen, Mads Dagnis},
  year = {2019},
  month = mar,
  pages = {1--30},
  issn = {0140-2382, 1743-9655},
  doi = {10.1080/01402382.2019.1577632},
  journal = {West European Politics},
  language = {en}
}

@article{el-mawassSimilCatchEnhancedSocial2020,
  title = {{{SimilCatch}}: {{Enhanced}} Social Spammers Detection on {{Twitter}} Using {{Markov Random Fields}}},
  shorttitle = {{{SimilCatch}}},
  author = {{El-Mawass}, Nour and Honeine, Paul and Vercouter, Laurent},
  year = {2020},
  month = nov,
  volume = {57},
  pages = {102317},
  issn = {0306-4573},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102317},
  abstract = {The problem of social spam detection has been traditionally modeled as a supervised classification problem. Despite the initial success of this detection approach, later analysis of proposed systems and detection features has shown that, like email spam, the dynamic and adversarial nature of social spam makes the performance achieved by supervised systems hard to maintain. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using the output of previously proposed supervised classification systems as a tool for spammers discovery. The hypothesis is that these systems are still highly capable of detecting spammers reliably even when their recall is far from perfect. We then propose to use the output of these classifiers as prior beliefs in a probabilistic graphical model framework. This framework allows beliefs to be propagated to similar social accounts. Basing similarity on a who-connects-to-whom network has been empirically critiqued in recent literature and we propose here an alternative definition based on a bipartite users-content interaction graph. For evaluation, we build a Markov Random Field on a graph of similar users and compute prior beliefs using a selection of state-of-the-art classifiers. We apply Loopy Belief Propagation to obtain posterior predictions on users. The proposed system is evaluated on a recent Twitter dataset that we collected and manually labeled. Classification results show a significant increase in recall and a maintained precision. This validates that formulating the detection problem with an undirected graphical model framework permits to restore the deteriorated performances of previously proposed statistical classifiers and to effectively mitigate the effect of spam evolution.},
  file = {/home/aleksandar/Zotero/storage/2QDBS5ZE/S0306457320308128.html},
  journal = {Information Processing \& Management},
  language = {en},
  number = {6}
}

@article{elsegaiGrangercausalityInferencePresence,
  title = {Granger-Causality Inference in the Presence of Gaps: {{An}} Equidistant Missing-Data Problem for Non-Synchronous Recorded Time Series Data},
  author = {Elsegai, Heba},
  doi = {S0378437119300020},
  abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}Publication date: Available online 11 January 2019{$<$}/p{$><$}p{$>$}\textbf{Source:} Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications{$<$}/p{$><$}p{$>$}Author(s): Heba Elsegai{$<$}/p{$><$}h5{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h5{$><$}div{$><$}p{$>$}The inference of causal interactions from incomplete data represents a major issue in many areas of applications. The incompleteness of data has different directions. The direction of interest in this manuscript is the collection of data whose measurements are sampled at equally spaced intervals with missing observations. This direction has two different scenarios: either for synchronously or non-synchronously recorded data. There are many known gap-filling techniques, however, each has its own limitations. In addition, the presence of gaps violates the underlying assumptions of the existing standard time series analysis techniques especially in the framework of Granger-causality concept, such as Directed Partial Correlation (DPC). This results in incorrect misleading conclusions about the inferred interaction structure. Therefore, the implications of applying the concept of Granger-causlaity based DPC are presented. To this end, a new extended methodology is proposed based on a specific shifting technique to overcome the shortcomings of the standard DPC technique. The proposed methodology provides an evidence that it is possible to infer the underlying causality structure even in the presence of gaps for non-synchronously recorded data. This manuscript presents the problem at hand for stock market time series analysis, as a case study.{$<$}/p{$><$}/div{$>$}},
  journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications}
}

@article{elsegaiGrangercausalityInferencePresencea,
  title = {Granger-Causality Inference in the Presence of Gaps: {{An}} Equidistant Missing-Data Problem for Non-Synchronous Recorded Time Series Data},
  author = {Elsegai, Heba},
  doi = {S0378437119300020},
  abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}Publication date: Available online 11 January 2019{$<$}/p{$><$}p{$>$}\textbf{Source:} Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications{$<$}/p{$><$}p{$>$}Author(s): Heba Elsegai{$<$}/p{$><$}h5{$>$}Abstract{$<$}/h5{$><$}div{$><$}p{$>$}The inference of causal interactions from incomplete data represents a major issue in many areas of applications. The incompleteness of data has different directions. The direction of interest in this manuscript is the collection of data whose measurements are sampled at equally spaced intervals with missing observations. This direction has two different scenarios: either for synchronously or non-synchronously recorded data. There are many known gap-filling techniques, however, each has its own limitations. In addition, the presence of gaps violates the underlying assumptions of the existing standard time series analysis techniques especially in the framework of Granger-causality concept, such as Directed Partial Correlation (DPC). This results in incorrect misleading conclusions about the inferred interaction structure. Therefore, the implications of applying the concept of Granger-causlaity based DPC are presented. To this end, a new extended methodology is proposed based on a specific shifting technique to overcome the shortcomings of the standard DPC technique. The proposed methodology provides an evidence that it is possible to infer the underlying causality structure even in the presence of gaps for non-synchronously recorded data. This manuscript presents the problem at hand for stock market time series analysis, as a case study.{$<$}/p{$><$}/div{$>$}},
  journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications}
}

@book{elsterInstitutionalDesignPostcommunist1998,
  title = {Institutional Design in Post-Communist Societies: {{Rebuilding}} the Ship at Sea},
  shorttitle = {Institutional Design in Post-Communist Societies},
  author = {Elster, Jon and Offe, Claus and Preuss, Ulrich Klaus},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  address = {{Cambridge}},
  isbn = {

license: MIT

repository: atomashevic/website-at

license_type: permissive

repo_name: atomashevic/website-at

branch_name: refs/heads/master

extension: bib