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INTRODUCTION {#s1}
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The activation of a neuroendocrine axis leading to the production of steroid hormones is a conserved trigger of maturation onset in animals ([@DEV188110C42]; [@DEV188110C47]; [@DEV188110C50]). In vertebrates, neuronal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion awakens the hypothala... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
In a recent paper \[[@b1-v114.n03.a04]\] the reaction of slow neutrons with gasous ^3^He was studied experimentally and it was estimated that that in the experiment 46 Lyman alpha photons were produced for each slow neutron (wavelength 0.496 nm) absorbed in a chamber containing ^3^He at... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Global temperatures are increasing due to greenhouse-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and from deforestation, and this is an important threat to aquatic systems \[[@pone.0188791.ref001]\]. The Int... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Since randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of influenza vaccination on clinical outcomes are scarce, evidence on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) mainly derives from observational studies \[[@CR1]\]. However, these studies are prone to bias and have been suspected... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
The chicken gut microbiota influences nutrient utilization ([@B1], [@B2]), immune development ([@B3]), endocrine activity ([@B4]), development of gastrointestinal tract ([@B5]), and detoxification, thus contributing to the improved performance of the birds. The chicken gastrointestinal ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Vagal paragangliomas (VPs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from the neural crest-derived paraganglionic tissue surrounding the vagus nerve. Paragangliomas (PGs) have classically been said to account for 0.6% of head and neck tumors, and, first described in 1935, VPs are t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
A novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified in hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and January 2020 \[[@CR1]\]. Coronaviruses are enveloped, non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales. They are broadly distributed in humans and other m... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) \[[@CR13]\], first proposed in 1992 by Scott Vanstone \[[@CR26]\], is a standard public key signature protocol widely deployed. ECDSA is used in the latest library TLS 1.3, email standard OpenPGP and smart cards. It is also implem... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Think of a pen held upright on a table with a finger, and imagine to slowly lifting your finger until the pen suddenly falls in an arbitrary direction as depicted in [Fig. 1A-B](#pone.0118224.g001){ref-type="fig"}. What has this in common wit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In late December 2019, several clusters of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology were reported in the city of Wuhan, People's Republic of China. Investigation of respiratory samples of these cases identified a novel coronavirus (CoV) as the causative agent \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral RN... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators (CRT-Ds) has significantly increased after the positive results of some landmark primary prevention trials showing the efficacy of ICD therapy in reducing mortality.^[@EUP... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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{.A258}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-bioengineering-04-00089}
===============
There is a global public health problem relating to physical inactivity, which has been attributed to approximately 3.2 million annual deaths \[[@B1-bioengineering-04-00089]\]. In 2012, only 41% of men and 31% of women met the minimum recommendations for ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-2192568217699377}
============
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects 1-3% of children between 10 and 16 years of age.^[@bibr1-2192568217699377]^ In progressive scoliosis, a good correction of the deformity can be achieved with current surgical techniques, but the postoperative spinal mo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Pluripotent stem cells provide a valuable system to explore intrinsic and extrinsic requirements for self-renewal *in vitro*. Murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from epiblasts of late blastocysts ([@DEV124602C2]; [@DEV124602C4]; [@DEV124602C29]). Their potential to produce a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The electrical control of the crystal or electronic phase of a material is a cornerstone of many of today's electronic devices.^[@ref1]^ Transistor devices that use ionic liquids (ILs) allow for the development of intense electric fields within an ultrathin electric double layer (EDL) that is formed at the interface be... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Demodicosis is one of the most frequent skin conditions in dogs. It is a parasitic disease caused by mites of the genus *Demodex* \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. A small number of mites are usually considered as a normal component of the dog's skin microbiota, but their proliferation leads to a poten... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Chemical communication through pheromones is widespread in nature. The classical definition of pheromonal function recognizes the signaling effects that influence behaviors and the primer effects that mediate physiological changes in conspecifics (Wilson and Bossert, [@B56]). The early ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The medical evidence-base is increasing exponentially, making it virtually impossible for individual healthcare professionals to maintain an up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of their field of practice \[[@B1]-[@B4]\]. In an attempt to address this problem, professional bodies and healthcare... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-16-03084}
===============
National health expenditures are projected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.5 percent for 2018--2027 and represent 19.4 percent of gross domestic product in 2027. It is estimated that more than 95% of the trillions of dollars spent on health care in the Uni... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Tuberculosis (TB) is a rampant disease with 8.8 million new cases reported in 2010 \[[@B1]\]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) it is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide killing 1.45 million people \[[@B1]\]. Although the majority of the cases of TB occur in dev... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The biological function of proteins and cellular metabolism can be significantly modulated through post-translational modifications (PTMs) [@pone.0032805-Deribe1], [@pone.0032805-Seet1]. Naturally occurring PTMs can either result from enzyme modifications or arise spontaneously [@pone.0... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Type 2 diabetes and depression are two long course diseases with modifiable risk factors. Diabetes, the fourth leading cause of death has affected an estimated 246 million people in the world \[[@B1]\]. In 2007, the number of people affected by diabetes in Asia rose to 110 million, with different... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction {#s1}
================
Discs of gas and dust surround essentially all young analogues of our Sun \[[@RSOS160652C1]\]. The lifetime of the gas in these discs is very short compared with the stellar lifetime, and within a few million years has accreted onto the star, been lost to space in photoevaporati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Silicosis, one of the earliest recognized occupational diseases, is a pathological condition of the lungs due to inhalation of particulate matter containing crystalline silica \[[@b1-ijerph-08-02923]\]. Silicosis may reflect a failure in adequate control of occupational dust exposure. A... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Plant-pollinator interactions are complex. Pollinators visit flowers to obtain nectar and pollen as food; in turn, pollinators facilitate sexual reproduction in plants. While this relationship is mostly mutualistic, floral nectar and pollen sometimes contain toxins ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Echocardiography is a useful tool for risk stratification and prognosis assessment following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Several echocardiographic parameters, such as left ventricular (LV) volume, ejection fraction (EF), wall motion score index (WMSI), presence of mitral regurgit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Key Teaching Points•The use of synthetic cannabinoids is on a rise in the United States, more so in the younger population.•Synthetic cannabinoids are not detected by routine toxicology screens.•Synthetic cannabinoids may have cardiovascular side effects including cardiac arrhythmias and even cardiac arrest.•Patients a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Gram-positive bacteria, such as *Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis,* and *Enterococcus faecium* are dangerous and challenging agents of infection due to their increasing resistance to antibiotics \[[@CR1]\]. Among these, *S. aureus* are the most frequently isolated, making up 2... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#S1}
============
Identification and training of struggling learners have become one of the most challenging aspects for graduate medical education (GME) training programmes.^[@R1]^ Competencies are commonly measured but may not identify specific deficits in troubled learners.^[@R2]^ Changes in GME commo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Few published studies have comprehensively explored the epidemiology of depression among truck drivers and none, to our knowledge, have done so in sub-Saharan Africa. Long-distance truck drivers may have a high prevalence of depression (and possibly other mental health disorders) due to occup... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Public health questionnaire surveys are the foundation of modern epidemiology and play an important role in devising policies and programs for the promotion of public health and prevention of diseases \[[@b1-epih-41-e2019012]\]. These surveys are conducted periodically, and accurate health su... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#h0.0}
============
The ubiquitous predation of bacteria by bacteriophages (phages) has resulted in the evolution of numerous bacterial mechanisms that protect against phage attack ([@B1]). One of the most widespread is the CRISPR-Cas (CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates vary around the world. Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women \[[@CR1]\]. Surgical treatment of rectal cancer has changed radically in recent years. The introduction of total me... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The development of nanomedicine arose from a combination of nanotechnology and medicine, and due to the special properties of nanosized particles, nanomedicine provides potential encapsulation systems for medical agents used in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications.[@b1-ijn-10-3031],[@... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Porcine species have a great impact on studies of biomaterial production, organ transplantation, and specific biomodel development \[[@B2],[@B7]\]. Establishment of porcine parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (ppESCs) is expected to make significant contributions to therapeutic applications.... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
It has been estimated that almost 200 million people in Europe have disabling foot or ankle pain and that this figure will rise with aging societies and the associated increase in prevalence of chronic long term conditions \[[@B1]-[@B5]\]. Foot pain can cause loss of function, discomfort, and a g... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0005}
============
In 1947, Bosworth \[[@bb0005]\] published a report of 5 cases of an unusual ankle fracture-dislocation. In all of the cases, the proximal fibular shaft fragment was locked behind the posterior tibial tubercle. Bosworth fracture\'s diagnosis usually goes unnoticed, even after a comple... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**(See the major Article by Suarez et al, on pages 781--91.)**
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)--infected people, in whom, as in other immunocompromised individuals such as transplant recipients, it contributes to morbidity and mortality. HCMV is also the most f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Opioids are small endogenously produced peptide molecules that are widely known for their analgesic and psychoactive properties ([@bib3]; [@bib17]; [@bib12]). It has been shown that opioids can promote the growth of tumour cells ([@bib10]). On the other hand, it has been controversially reported that opioids induce the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Foreword 2014 01 {#S0001}
================
Abstracts and proceedings from VI Scandinavian COPD Research Symposium {#S0001-S20001}
----------------------------------------------------------------------
### [Magnus Sköld]{.ul} ^1^, Johny Kongerud^2^, Thomas Ringbaek^3^ and Terttu Harju^4^ <magnus.skold@ki.se> ^1^Depart... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Cerebral ischemic insults represent an immense burden for national health care systems. The total European annual health care cost of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is over 33 billion € ([@B8]). The incidence of cranio-cerebral traumas in industrialized countries is 200--300 per 100,000 humans ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Every day \~100 billion cubic meters of bottom seawater are transported down into the permeable upper oceanic crust. Within this gigantic aquifer system oxic seawater circulates and reacts with reduced igneous rocks before eventually recharging back into the oceans 10^3^--10^4^ years la... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Construction of technological pipelines is one of the main fields of polymeric material application in the world \[[@CR1]\]. Among polymers used for pipe production, polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used \[[@CR2]\]; this material has a perfect correlation between prices, mech... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Endemic goiter is a major health problem in India. Widespread national salt iodization programmes implemented by the Government of India have not shown a dramatic decline in the prevalence of endemic goiter[@ref1]. The reason for the high prevalence of goiter is not fully understood. A genetic predisposition of the Ind... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Significance
The mechanism of action potential generation of nerves has been explained based on the conductance change of Na^+^ (and K^+^) channel in the membrane with time. However, the substantial source of the change isn't necessarily obvious. It is estimated that the change in the state of molecular particl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Phylogenomic datasets comprising hundreds to thousands of genome segments produced through high throughput sequencing technology have shown promise to resolve difficult phylogenetic problems (e.g., [@ref-15]; [@ref-14]; [@ref-18]; [@ref-21]; [@ref-32]). At the same time, novel and refined inf... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Gliomas and Glioblastoma Multiforme (GM) {#S1-1}
----------------------------------------
Gliomas (glial tumors) are the most common malignant brain tumors and account for about 60% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) cancers ([@B1]). Around 23,880 new cases of primary CNS tumo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .188}
{#sp2 .189}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Analyses of a growing number of high resolution ribosome structures coupled with kinetic studies are revealing that the ribosome is highly dynamic, capable of assuming \>40 different conformational states through the translation elongation cycle \[reviewed in ([@B1])\]. Thus, a critical quest... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Libraries of cells with defined genetic alterations have proven transformative for connecting poorly understood genes to biological pathways and uncovering novel roles for previously characterized genes. However, in eukaryotes these libraries have been difficult to generate, and even in some widely used collections, su... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Pediatric Sarcoidosis is a rare multisystem granulomatous disorder and series from the Asian subcontinent are few.
Aim
===
We describe our experience to date with an inceptional cohort.
Methods
=======
Retrospective chart review of the demographic, clinical, diagnostic and genetic characteris... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) comprise a family of bacterial proteins toxins produced by a variety of Gram negative bacteria, such as *Escherichia coli*, *Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans*, *Haemophilus ducreyi*, *Shigella dysenteriae*, *Campylobacter* sp., *Helicobacter*... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
T cell activation initiates the adaptive immune response and requires extracellular ligation of the TCR and the subsequent formation of dynamic signaling complexes. After TCR engagement, Lck phosphorylates its TCRζ subunit, enabling the recruitment and activation of ZAP70, which in turn phosphorylates the adapter LAT. ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Terminal 11q deletion syndrome, also known as Jacobsen Syndrome (JBS), is a rare genetic disorder associated with multiple dysmorphic features and occurs in 1 in 100,000 live births with a female predominance of 2:1.[@b1-cmped-8-2014-045]--[@b4-cmped-8-2014-045] JBS occurs because of the loss... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Facet joint (FJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is an important component of degenerative changes in the lumbar spine, and is a major contributing factor to low back pain[@b1]. However, not all individuals with FJ OA develops back pain, and patients with back pain may be radiologically negative of FJ OA[@b2][@b3][@b4]. Early dete... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#S1}
============
Cholecystectomies are one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the United States, with over 300,000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed every year.^\[[@ref1]\]^ The complication rates of cholecystectomies range from 1.56% to 6%. Common complications include bleeding ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Editor,
On February 20, 2020 a 38-year-old man was admitted with acute respiratory insufficiency to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Codogno Hospital, marking the beginning of the SARS-CoV2 epidemic in Italy. Codogno is a small town in Lombardy, the Italian region most affected by SARS-CoV2, with currently th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Session:** 233. Antibiotic Stewardship: Antifungals
*Saturday, October 5, 2019: 12:15 PM*
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed solid neoplasms in the male population \[[@cit0001]\]. In the United States, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of carcinoma deaths among males, with an estimated 192,000 new cases and 27,000 deaths in 2009 \[[@cit00... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Fig 1, "Classic typologies of kinship terminology," is missing several images. Please see [S1 Fig](#pone.0155170.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"} for the corrected Fig 1. The publisher apologizes for the error.
Supporting Information {#sec001}
======================
###### Classic typologies of kinship termin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
This article is part of the Thematic Series \"Organo photovoltaics\".
Introduction
============
Tremendous multidisciplinary research efforts have led to consistent increases in the efficiency of organic solar cells, making the technology a bright prospect in the quest for alternative energy \[[@R1]--[@R4]\]. In part... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Despite a remarkable incidence rate (fourth most common malignancy in men in United States), the progress in the therapeutic paradigm of urothelial cancer (UC), particularly in advanced stages, was stagnant in the last few decades ([@bib10]). A paradigm shift is needed to advance the field. For patients with advanced d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Uptake of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in the UK has remained below 85% for over a decade, and currently only 83% of five year-olds are adequately immunised in line with the recommended two-dose schedule [@pone.0019381-Department1]. This suboptimal vaccine coverage leaves the UK ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a disorder characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and anasarca presenting during the first 3 months of life. The disease is typically caused by genetic defects that disrupt the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier, with mutatio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
The role of laparoscopy for major abdominal surgery has been well established, especially in the field of gynecology.^[@B1],[@B2]^ Multiple studies have shown that laparoscopic surgery results in lower morbidity, better visualization, decreased blood loss, decreased postoperative pain, and fa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-10-01267}
===============
Wood polymer composites (WPCs) are used for building materials, furniture, packaging, etc., because of its dimensional stability, high strength, hydrophobic properties, and corrosion resistance \[[@B1-materials-10-01267],[@B2-materials-10-01267],[@B3-materials... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .265}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .26}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the procedure of choice for treating uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones.^[@B1],[@B2]^ Even though laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been shown to be equivalent to open cholecystectomy with respect to morbidity and mortality, it offers the advantage of smal... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Zhang P, Wang W, Lu M, et al. Clinicopathological features and outcome for neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastroesophageal junction: A population‐based study. Cancer Med. 2018;7:4361--4370. 10.1002/cam4.1702
1. INTRODUCTION {#cam41702-sec-0005}
===============
Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) presents a heterogeneous group... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
**Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI)** are among the most common neurologic conditions, representing a substantial burden in adults and children ([@B1]--[@B3]). A subset of mTBI patients suffers from acute **post-concussion symptoms** that may manifest as somatic symptoms (e.g., nause... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Leptin acts centrally via leptin receptor (LepRb) expressing neurons that are found in the hypothalamus and many extra-hypothalamic sites. Recent research has focused on the identification of distinct LepRb populations to understand their contribution to diverse physiological le... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The incidence of lung cancer in the People's Republic of China has doubled in the past decade[@b1-ceor-8-097] likely because of aging population, poorly controlled cigarette smoking, and air pollution associated with rapid economic growth.[@b2-ceor-8-097],[@b3-ceor-8-097] Similar to the tumor... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), synucleinopathies (including Parkinson\'s disease, PD), Huntington\'s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia can be included under the definition of "prion-like disease" as they sh... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection^[@CR1]^. The World Health Organization has recently acknowledged sepsis as a major health care issue^[@CR2]^. Indeed, incidence of septic syndromes is continuously increasing,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
HIV infection via the penis accounts for a majority of infections among the 17 million men estimated to be living with HIV globally, yet remains a relatively understudied route of virus transmission. It is the primary route of HIV acquisition among heterosexual men and is of relevance... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Due to progress in cerebrovascular imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and three-dimensional CT angiography, there is increased interest in cerebrovascular disease in ageing society. Many cerebrovascular diseases are worked up through health screening, which prevent c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Protein is an essential nutrient for the survival of humans and animals \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Protein in mature cereal grains, in particular, provides a substantial portion of the world's plant protein, and its concentration determines the nutritional quality and end use properties of the g... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Kuo Chih-Jung,Liu Hun-Ge,Lo Yueh-Kuei,Seong Churl-Min,Lee Kee-In,Jung Young-Sik and Liang Po-Huang(2009), Individual and common inhibitors of coronavirus and picornavirus main proteases, FEBS Letters, 583, doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.12.059
1. Introduction {#feb2s0014579309000167-sec-1}
===============
Picornaviruses... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The study was performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, MA. Massachusetts General Hospital is a teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA.
Introduction
============
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the sizable and growing costs of critical care services. The per... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Snow crabs belong to the subphylum Crustacea, Order Decapoda, Family Majidae, and Genus *Chionoecetes*. These *Chionoecetes* are found in colder water at depths less than 2000 m where it is muddy or sandy [@pone.0070887-Lim1]. Three kinds of *Chionoecetes* are prominent on the east coas... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#F1}
Dr Yvonne Edmonstone -- who died of breast cancer on 17 September 2015 at the age of 52 -- was the clinician responsible for the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) Highland Eating Disorder Service and one of the founder members of the North of Scotland Managed Clinical Network for Eating Dis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .266}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#s1}
==========
To start with, this disease is rare; the treatment was endovascular stenting, which is relatively a new approach, so it is important to know about the efficacy of this procedure in such scarce cases. After all, case reporting may be the only way to have an evidence-based approach for such r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#Section1}
===============
The loss of pRB function either by mutation or by association with viral oncoproteins is linked to uncontrolled cell proliferation and is accompanied by the release of transcription factors such as E2F-1 [@B1]-[@B5]. Over the past decade, the E2F family of transcription fact... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In recent years, transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 (Y90) has emerged as a technique for treating malignant neoplasms in the liver. Compared with other locoregional therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), patients who underwent TARE with Y90 have higher tumor response rates and be... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Infertility affects 1 in 7 couples and is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse[@b1]. Considered as a disease by the World Health Organisation (WHO)[@b2], infertility is known to arise from multi-factorial origins. Between 25 and 30% of cases relate to a mal... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common skin disease caused by long-term sun exposure \[[@CR1]\], and typically forms on the face, neck, balding scalp, chest, shoulders, and the back of arms and hands of adults \[[@CR2]\]; 75% of all reported lesions present on the head, neck, and forearms... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
The opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major public health threat due to its propensity to become extensively drug resistant ([@B1], [@B2]), the emergence of hypervirulent strains ([@B3][@B4][@B5]), and the recent evolution and increasing prevalence of strains displaying ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Programmed cell death (PCD)[^2^](#FN2){ref-type="fn"} refers to any form of cell death mediated by an intracellular death program ([@B1]). PCD systems such as apoptosis ([@B2]) or autophagy ([@B3]) in eukaryotic multicellular organisms play significant roles in a variety of biological process... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Soil sample information, phylotype abundance tables, and bacterial and fungal representative sequences are publicly available in FigShare ([10.6084/m9.figshare.3113125](http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3113125)).
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Plant communities are typically composed of a combination of nat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Country-specific patient rare disease registries are rarely used to make international comparisons because of protocol discrepancies in data collation. Here, we attempt to overcome this limitation by using the inherited disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as a paradigm. CF provides a good example becaus... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Chronic periodontitis (CP), the most common periodontal disease, is an inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of connective tissue and loss of the adjacent supporting bone. The initiation and progression of CP is a consequence of interaction between oral bacteria and the host immune ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction {#s1}
================
The concept of citizen science may have started in the early twentieth century when large amounts of data were generated for the National Audubon Society\'s Christmas Bird Count \[[@RSOS181871C1]\]. Over the last two decades, citizen science has seen a sharp rise in popularity i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The current increase in the use of embryos selected for their genetic merit and the need for high fertility recipients \[[@B1], [@B2]\] has made the improvement of pregnancy rates upon embryo transfer (ET) a major objective in cattle farming. Currently, the selection of cow embr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Although the capacity bounds of two-way (TW) communication channel were first studied and calculated in the 1960s \[[@B1]\], various cooperative strategies have been extended to transmit over TW relay channels \[[@B2]--[@B6]\] only since the advent of network coding (NC) \[[@B7]... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Renal neoplasms are composed of heterogeneous groups including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, collecting duct carcinoma, oncocytoma, and others. In most cases, these categories are easily differentiated from each other on the basis of histologic feature... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Air pollution is considered a real problem both nationally and internationally ([@B1]). Scientific findings indicate several adverse effects of air pollution on human health ([@B2] - [@B4]). The most prevalent side effects of air pollution appertain to the respiratory system ([@B5] - [@B6]). ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .nil6}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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