text stringlengths 4 2.52M | meta dict |
|---|---|
**PURPOSE:** The desire to avoid flexor tendon injury after volar plating of distal radius fractures has lead to a myriad of new plate designs. However, the rate of innovation has outpaced the data addressing whether these new models actually decrease the rate of tendon injury. The purpose of this study is to determine... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Although accreditation has been widely used as a means to improve quality in secondary and tertiary care, its presence in primary care is limited \[[@CR1]\]. This is particularly evident in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).
Accreditation systems originally developed to set standard... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
In a eukaryotic cell, the presence of cis-regulatory elements ensures expression of genes at an appropriate level and in appropriate cells. Cis-regulatory elements not only include transcription factor binding motifs within the promoters but also DNA sequences located several kilobases ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The lower urinary tract (LUT, bladder and urethra) is responsible for the storage and timely elimination of urine and is controlled by autonomic, sensory, and central motor innervation. The autonomic components are comprised of the pelvic ganglia (PG), which harbor both sympathetic and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Malocclusion is a common worldwide dental problem, often causing aesthetic and functional concerns, which can lead to a negative impact on the quality of life \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Malocclusion is normally corrected using orthodontic treatment which includes fixed and/or removable braces. T... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The International Society for Biocuration (ISB) was created in 2009 specifically to promote biocuration, the product of multidisciplinary teams of database curators, software developers and bioinformaticians. Biocurators, whose work facilitates research and education across the life sciences, create and maintain a wide... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized proteins that are destined for membrane insertion or extracellular secretion ([@bib36]; [@bib15]; [@bib37]). Excess demand for protein assembly in the ER causes accumulation of unfolded proteins -- a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
The most important of the dental diseases, which requires prevention as first approach, is dental caries. Although the prevalence has markedly declined, it still poses a major challenge for children and adults. Caries is perceived to be a prolonged imbalance in the oral cavity with ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The word cyanosis indicates the dark bluish discoloration of the skin, mucus membranes, and nail beds that becomes detectable when the levels of deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in arterial blood exceed 3-5 g/dl \[[@CR1]\]. It is sometimes difficult to detect cyanosis in the newborn due to fa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#SEC1}
============
The uncovering of genome-wide gene regulatory networks is a key tool in systems biology allowing researchers to understand the complex mechanisms of transcriptional gene regulation and to model the expressional behavior of genes in accordance to changing internal and environmental con... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) is a systemic, necrotizing vasculitis that affects medium-sized and small muscular arteries resulting in microaneurysm formation. In the presteroid era, mortality was high and the diagnosis was exclusively made postmortem.
Objectives
==========
Our goal is to pres... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Prescription opioid dependence has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. and internationally \[[@R1]\]. Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids have increased significantly since 1999; indeed from 1999 to 2015, more than 183,000 people have died in the U.S. from overdoses rela... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found at: <http://F1000.com/Reports/Biology/content/1/92>
Introduction and context {#s01}
========================
A major goal of genomic studies is to understand the regulatory architecture of the genome; how, for example, powerful regulatory ele... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- A key strength of this paper is the use of routinely collected data from hospital episode statistics linked to cancer registry data, providing a large data set to make accurate estimates of relative prostate cancer mortality.
- Lack of prostate-specific antigen dat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
During the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare professionals are exposed to a high-risk of infection and mental health problems [@bib0001], but also fear of contagion and spreading the virus to their families [@bib0002]. In fact, considering them as individuals implies looking beyond their function as frontline responders an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
An effective simulation is one that is able to place a user in a situation which is close, if not completely identical to the scenario of which the system is attempting to simulate. The correct term for providing a user with a sense of presence, or "being there", is immersive, where in the world of virtual interaction,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.220}
{.221}
{.222}
{.223}
{.224}
{.225}
{.226}... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s2}
============
[](#mhcl-08-06-02-box01){ref-type="boxed-text"}With publication of the 5th edition of the *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*, the terms *dementia*, *amnestic*, and *cognitive disorders* were included under the umbrella of neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). The term *N... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a ligand-operated protein that modulates activity of several client proteins from its position within the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is widely expressed in multiple organs including the nervous system ([@B42]) and it has important roles in m... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
DNA-directed, rational antineoplastic agent development has made an extensive use of the acridine pharmacophore^[@CR1]^. Among many diverse families of acridine derivatives, development of a series of novel triazoloacridinones with potent antitumor activities has been started some tim... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
RNA viruses possess an extraordinary capacity to adapt to changing environments due to their high mutation rate [@ppat.1000502-Holland1]. Recent epidemics of West Nile virus (WNV, *Flaviviridae*, *Flavivirus*) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV, *Togaviridae*, *Alphavirus*) were driven by rel... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- This study will provide insight into the substance-use screener(s) that works best to identify illicit drug use and prescription-drug misuse during pregnancy, using hair and urinalysis for biochemical verification of long-term and short-term substance use in a conveni... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
HCM is an inherited cardiovascular disease primarily caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins in the sarcomere, the contractile apparatus of cardiac myocytes. HCM is characterized by increased heart mass and abnormal cardiac function with susceptibility to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Histological manife... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
In the last decades, primate populations have suffered great demographic declines [@pone.0071527-Walsh1], [@pone.0071527-Campbell1]. These declines are due to several reasons, all having human activities and/or infectious disease epidemics as their core basis. However, little is known a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .293}
{#sp2 .294}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
K. I. Assaf, J. Holub, E. Bernhardt, J. M. Oliva-Enrich, M. I. Fernández Pérez, M. Canle, J. A. Santaballa, J. Fanfrlík, D. Hnyk, W. M. Nau, *ChemPhysChem* **2020**, *21*, 971.
Boron cluster chemistry is dominated by icosahedrally shaped cages (Figure [1](#cphc201901225-fig-0001){ref-type="fig"}), which can be exempli... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .69}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-12-01741}
===============
The prosperity of a human society is mainly dependent on the supply of sustainable energy. Because of inevitable and imminent shortages of fossil fuels together with global warming, we should look for affordable and clean energy resources. Among renewable ener... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-ZoolRes-40-3-219}
============
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating psychiatric mood disorder that affects millions of individuals globally ([@B8-ZoolRes-40-3-219]). Our understanding of the biological basis of MDD is poor, and current treatments are ineffective in a significant propor... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .319}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Progranulin (PGRN), which is a 68.5-kDa glycoprotein containing 7.5 tandem repeats of a cysteine-rich motif, is proteolytically processed into 6-kDa granulins (GRNs) \[[@CR1]\]. PGRN is involved in multiple physiological functions and various disease processes, including autoimmune di... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-21-00436}
===============
The use of inhibitors to protect steel from corrosion, mainly in acidic solutions, is one of the most practical methods \[[@B1-molecules-21-00436],[@B2-molecules-21-00436],[@B3-molecules-21-00436]\]. Acids such as HCl, \[[@B4-molecules-21-00436],[@B5-molecules... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Papillomaviruses are small double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the squamous epithelia (skin and internal mucosae) of both animals and humans ([@bau031-B1]). Papillomaviruses are diverse and species-specific. The human papillomavirus (HPV) genome is composed of six early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Local random-pattern skin flaps are commonly used to reconstruct soft tissue defects. However, flap necrosis remains a difficult challenge for the plastic surgeon. Blood supply deficiency and ischemic-reperfusion injury are generally responsible for flap necrosis \[[@b1-acfs-2019-00381]\].
V... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-03948}
===============
Chile is recognized for exploiting its mineral resources \[[@B1-ijerph-17-03948]\] on a world basis, a fact that has brought about economic benefits, but at the same time, a negative impact on the environment, one of the most severe being the generation of mining... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
This project was undertaken on the behalf of the Italian Association of Poland Syndrome (AISP), a non-profit organization supporting clinical, social and scientific activities for the benefit of persons affected by Poland syndrome (PS), with the aim of providing best-practices recomme... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1_1}
============
Current research demonstrates that pterygium is a proliferative disease with hyperplastic growth of the corneoconjunctival fibrovascular tissue onto the cornea \[[@B1]\]. Surgical therapy can be used to successfully manage pterygia; however, recurrence remains a problem \[[@B2]\].
... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Monitoring of apoptosis, the programmed cell death, in various pathology conditions such as degenerative diseases, tumor treatment, and myocardial infarction would provide necessary information for medical team. One of the early biochemical changes of apoptotic cells is exposure of PS on the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
(J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8:e011605 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011605.)30977410
Clinical PerspectiveWhat Is New?Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) showed higher correlation and diagnostic performance for the prediction of fractional flow reserve than instantaneous wave‐free ratio; however, the absolute efficacy of QFR to predict ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Polarization is one of the most fundamental yet fascinating properties of transverse waves, as light waves, gravitational waves, and sound waves in solids. For polarization studies, the polarization of light waves is a representative being accessible easily to experimental demonstrati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec0005}
============
New automated blood cell analyzers can provide information about individual cell characteristics, such as hemoglobin content of reticulocytes, hemoglobin content of mature erythrocytes, and percentages of microcytic erythrocytes and hypochromic cells. These parameters have been use... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
See related research by Martin *et al*., <http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/16/2/R38>
When treatment is based solely on clinicopathological risk factors, many women with estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER^+^/HER2^−^) tumors are overtreated -- subjected to morbidity... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous clinical spectrum. At present, our ability to predict this heterogeneity is poor, likely because of limitations in understanding its molecular complexity. Recent efforts to improve outcome in patients with R... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background & Summary {#Sec1}
====================
Rapid advancements in computational methods for chemical synthesis planning and automated reaction mechanism generation, especially in the area of machine learning, are causing a significant shift in how such problems are tackled. Deep learning approaches are replacing... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, X-linked genetic muscle-wasting disorder characterised by progressive muscle weakness that culminates in respiratory failure and premature death. The disease affects approximately 1:3,500 live male births worldwide, and affected boys are usually whee... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .nil7}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#S0005}
==========
Mortuary workers like other health workers are exposed to the hazards of blood borne pathogens like Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B and C among others at work. \[[@CIT0001],[@CIT0002],[@CIT0003]\]. Indeed health workers are exposed to up to twenty- seven different blood borne p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
====================
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a disabling psychiatric condition with a considerable public health impact, affecting 1--2% of the general population ([@B89]). Family, twin, and adoption studies show that genetic factors play a leading role in is etiology. Family studies suggest that... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Typical methods for monitoring cultivation processes are offline analyses like cell counting, measurement of various substrates and products (e. g. glucose or lactate) as well as the online monitoring of several physical process parameters (temperature, pH-value or the concentration of dissol... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Single-molecule observation techniques using visible-wavelength fluorescent probes are valuable for answering many basic and important questions in biology and biophysics because they provide the positional information of single molecules with accuracy far beyond the half-wavelength optical diffraction limit. They can ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Infectious agents have a long history of causing disease in humans and are a major contributor of childhood mortality worldwide (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). For many infectious agents, a complex interaction between the host and pathogen has developed over time as a result of an evolutionary co-existence and adap... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Instrumental records provide clear evidence that long-term observations are required to establish the processes controlling AMOC variations^[@CR1]^. The only way to examine AMOC processes over longer time periods is to use paleoceanographic evidence from times when there were clear ch... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Impaired energy metabolism in neurons is integral to many central nervous system diseases. An acute, intense metabolic challenge during conditions such as stroke and brain trauma can induce irreversible neuronal damage.^[@bib1]^ By contrast, age-related chronic metabolic impairment is thought... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#GRAPHIC-d7e88-autogenerated}
During the COVID-19 pandemic, our first priority as scientists has to be to support one another and to take the time we need to process this tragedy and the transitions it has necessitated. "Productivity" simply cannot be our goal during a global pandemic. We are all g... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
The synthesis from 2-*tert*-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3-amino-1-propanol and formaldehyde is an example of carbon--carbon bond formation by the Mannich reaction. For another variation of the Mannich reaction involving 3-amino-1-propanol, see: Korepin *et al.* (2001[@bb3]).
E... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .442}
{#sp2 .443}
{#sp3 .444}
{#sp4 .445}
{#sp5 .446}
{#sp6 .447}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In [Table 1](#pone.0202143.t001){ref-type="table"}, the value in the row titled "All other genes vs. LRR^e^" and the column titled "Projection test *P*- value" should read as 1.9E-120. Please see the corrected [Table 1](#pone.0202143.t001){ref-type="table"} here. The publisher apologizes for this error.
10.1371/journa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Mast cells are recognized as the major effector cells of the type I hypersensitivity reactions and they are known to play a pivotal role in allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Engagement of FcεRI by IgE, followed by the aggregation of multiple Ig... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Artificial radioactive isotopes are present in the environment because of human activities, and these isotopes include (a) fission products generated in nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, which were performed by several countries until 1980, and (b) the products of the Chernobyl nu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Published ahead of print at <http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org> on 28 April 2008.
T.N. and J.-P.D.V.H. contributed equally to this work.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Phosphate (Pi) is one of the indispensable macronutrients to plants for growth, development and reproduction. Pi deficiency (−Pi) is one of the main limiting factors for increasing crop yield and improving quality because of low bioavailability of Pi in soil \[[@CR1]--[@CR4]\]. To cope wi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
There is strong evidence that a substantial proportion of new HIV infections in African countries are associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) \[[@B1]-[@B6]\]. Infection with HSV-2 has a significant impact on the risk of HIV acquisition and the impact increases as the HIV epidemic prog... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Resulting from a variety of factors, diabetes is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by chronic high blood glucose. The number of patients diagnosed with diabetes has been increasing at a rapid rate worldwide. Among them, Chinese patients increase at the highest rate. The ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
(J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e007529 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007529.)29899018
Clinical PerspectiveWhat Is New?A J‐shaped relationship is observed between serum sodium levels at time of diagnosis and long‐term clinical outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.What Are the Clinical Implications?Serum sodium... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with increased cardiovascular events and mortality. Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of death and disabling cardiovascular... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant health problem with an estimated annual incidence of approximately 1--2 per 1000 people among the general population.[@R1] Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) with initial hepa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Due to the aging of the population in industrialized nations, the percentage of the Japanese population aged ≥65 years is projected to increase from 22.1% in 2008 to 30.3% in 2025 as outlined in Japanese Government statistics. After smoking, age is an important risk factor in the development ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Many studies related to nanoparticles (NPs) show that their release has a negative influence on ecosystems and human health (Nel et al. [@CR20]; Cox et al. [@CR9]). Despite the fears, knowledge on this subject is still insufficient. In the case of plant growth and development, NPs are... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Unintentional injuries among adolescents are a public health concern for several reasons, including the health impacts on an already susceptible, vulnerable subpopulation (twenty-one and younger) and the multifaceted issues leading to these unintentional injuries. One particular area of c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Due to the improvement of living and the change of lifestyles, the number of people with obesity in China has seen explosive growth in recent years. The accumulation of excess white adipose tissue (WAT) is the main reason of obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is different from... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The major manifestation or clinical consequence of osteoporosis is the appearance of osteoporotic fracture or fragility fracture \[[@B1]\]. It is well known that osteoporotic fractures involve a higher incidence of new fractures and lead to disability \[[@B2]\]. Hip fractures and those of the ver... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .7}
{#sp2 .8}
{#sp3 .9}
{#sp4 .10}
{#sp5 .11}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
During mammalian fertilization, calcium ions are important for sperm capacitation, motility, acrosome reaction, and penetration into the oocyte ([@B1]). Several ca+^2^-permeable channels have been identified in sperm cells, including high voltage-gated calcium channels, transient receptor pot... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Urbanization has a significant impact on the economy, lifestyles, ecosystems and disease patterns, including malaria \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. An estimated 39% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) lived in urban areas in 2003 \[[@B3]\], 198 million Africans lived in urban malaria-endemic areas an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Living organisms require a small amount of different metals for their metabolic functions. Among them Cr and Co are important microelements which are found in trace quantities in the human body where they regulate important biological functions. Cr is involved in glucose metabolism, either by facilitating insulin bindi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For information on values of bond lengths, see Allen *et al.* (1987[@bb5]). For related structures of dithiocarbazate derivatives, see, for example: Crouse *et al.* (2004[@bb9]); Fun *et al.* (2008[@bb10]); Shanmuga Sundara Raj *et al.* (2000[@bb11]). For applications and... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-09-00461}
===============
Geopolymers are a family of inorganic materials obtained by reaction between an aqueous alkaline silicate solution and an aluminosilicate source \[[@B1-materials-09-00461],[@B2-materials-09-00461]\]. This reaction yields an amorphous three-dimensional structur... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi:10.1111/jth.14988
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious cardiovascular and pulmonary condition with mortality ranging from 2% to 7% worldwide, even after thromboprophylaxis.\[[@ref1]\] It is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death, after myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular stroke.\[[@ref2]\] Regardless of the advancemen... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
A salivary mucocele is defined as an accumulation of leaking salivary secretion in single or multiloculated cavities in the connective tissue of the mouth or neck contiguous to a salivary gland or duct[@r1]. In general, it can be observed in the form of a cyst lined with granulation tissue and the absence of any epithe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The kinetoplastid *Trypanosoma brucei* is the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, also known as 'sleeping sickness', and the cattle disease Nagana. Human African trypanosomiasis is always fatal if untreated and constitutes a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa ([@b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Subjective tinnitus refers to the perception of a sound in one or both ears, or from inside the head, in the absence of an external acoustic source ([@B1], [@B2]). The phantom sound of tinnitus is a serious condition affecting 10--15% of the general population, with \~1% of the populati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Concurrent use of long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting β~2~-agonist (LABA) therapy has been shown to maximize the bronchodilator response \[[@CR1]\], and dual LAMA/LABA combination therapy is now recommended as an alternative option for patients whose chronic obstructi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature ovarian failure (POF) or premature menopause, is defined as cessation of menstruation before the expected age of menopause. This age is traditionally defined to be prior to 40 years and diagnosis is confirmed by elevated serum... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Hepatic encephalopathy frequently complicates both acute liver failure and end-stage chronic liver disease \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy are poorly understood, although alterations in both the cerebral microcirculation and neuronal function assoc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common hematological malignancy with an incidence of 1.7 per 100,000 per year across all age groups. Although the median age at diagnosis overall is 14 years, the peak incidence occurs in early childhood (2--5 years of age).[@b1-ijn-8-4361] ALL comprise... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Hydatidosis caused by the cestode *Echinococcus granulosus* is a disease reported globally, however, it is endemic in Asia,\[[@ref1][@ref2]\] the Middle East, North Africa and Australia. It is much more frequent in Mediterranean countries.\[[@ref3]\]
The adult taenia lives in the s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction
================
Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, is widely used to treat a number of cancers \[[@b1-ijms-14-21629]--[@b3-ijms-14-21629]\], including as breast and lung cancers \[[@b4-ijms-14-21629]--[@b6-ijms-14-21629]\]. The first anthracyclines were isolated from the pigment-producing *Str... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0001}
============
Over the past decade, biologics have significantly changed the management of inflammatory Crohn's disease (CD)[@CIT0001] and ulcerative colitis (UC)[@CIT0002]. However, access to treatment with biologics is frequently limited by their high cost[@CIT0003]. The introduction of less cos... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .459}
{#sp2 .460}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#mgg3282-sec-0005}
============
Campomelic dysplasia (CD; MIM \#114290) is a semilethal skeletal malformation syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, mid‐face hypoplasia, Robin sequence, hip dislocation, bowed femora and tibiae (i.e., campomelia), talipes, and respiratory distress. Radiological features ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Although effective treatment can resolve acute postsurgical pain in many patients, 30%--50% of individuals who undergo common invasive surgeries suffer persistent postoperative pain.[@b1-jpr-10-763] The nociceptive processes under these conditions are not fully understood, and our knowledge o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Professor John M. Fitzpatrick (1948--2014) contributed to the manuscript before passing away.
Introduction {#bju13123-sec-0001}
============
The development and function of the prostate gland is dependent on androgen regulation via the androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway. The AR is a 110 kDa member of the stero... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.90}
{.91}
{.92}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Despite significant attention given to animal diseases in the last half-century, our understanding of disease processes, and how to manage them at the livestock--wildlife interface, remains limited ([@bib0575]). The increasing role of wildlife in the emergence of livestock an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0001}
============
Each year 33.8 million Infants and children become inflicted with lower respiratory disease after RSV infection, leading to 3.4 million hospitalizations with severe disease complications.[@cit0001] Furthermore, an inability of natural infection to mount robust long-lived immunity can... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Plants depend on the absorption of water from soil and its subsequent transport to all other plant parts. Water moves inside the plant body through apoplastic, transcellular, and symplastic pathways. The symplastic pathway transports water across membranes \[[@CR1]\] and is generally medi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Tuberculosis (TB) is becoming a major worldwide health problem in recent years. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2016 alone 10 million people contracted TB and about 1.7 million people died from the disease, mostly in low and mid-income countries^[@CR1]^. TB is caused b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a crippling disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), are used to control the disease as well as to slow the disease progression. Despite the use of these agents, some patients continue to hav... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown that a substantial amount of variation in DNA methylation (DNAme) exists between human populations \[[@CR1]--[@CR7]\]. Therefore, if left unaccounted for, population-associated variation can interfere with the discovery of DNAme alt... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.