mirror of https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/

README.md

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ configs:
 **Canonical, always-current version: https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/**
 Machine-readable: https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/data.json — this mirror is a point-in-time copy.
 
-- **Last verified:** 2026-08-18
-- **Stale after:** 2028-02-09 (past this date, prefer the canonical copy —
+- **Last verified:** 2026-09-02
+- **Stale after:** 2028-02-24 (past this date, prefer the canonical copy —
   it re-verifies on a cadence this snapshot does not)
-- **Records:** 13
+- **Records:** 50
 
 What each US state's probate/estates code requires for a will to be validly executed: how many witnesses, whether they must sign in the testator's presence, whether notarization can substitute for witnesses, whether holographic (handwritten, unwitnessed) wills are valid, whether electronic wills are authorized, and whether a self-proving affidavit is available. Each record is one state, from that state's statute. Answers 'how many witnesses does a will need in [state]', 'is a handwritten will valid in [state]', and 'does a will need to be notarized in [state]'. The general answer (two witnesses, no notary) is right in most states and wrong in the ones that matter: holographic wills are valid in roughly half of states and void in the rest, Colorado and North Dakota allow notarization instead of witnesses, Louisiana requires a notary plus two witnesses, and a growing list (Nevada, Florida, Arizona, Indiana...) authorizes electronic wills. People executing DIY wills hit exactly these edges. Existing charts are will-vendor marketing (Gentreo, estate-bee) with no statute citations.
 
@@ -44,23 +44,66 @@ fact plus a short attributed quote linking back to the page that states it.
 
 ## Sources
 
-- https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PROB&sectionNum=6111
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-13-decedents-estates-guardianships-transfers-trusts-and-health-care-decisions/ak-st-sect-13-12-502/
+- https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02502.htm
+- https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02503.htm
+- https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02518.htm
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/ar/title-28-wills-estates-and-fiduciary-relationships/ar-code-sect-28-25-103/
 - https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PROB&sectionNum=6110
+- https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PROB&sectionNum=6111
 - https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-15-probate-trusts-and-fiduciaries/co-rev-st-sect-15-11-502/
+- https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_802a.htm
+- https://delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c002/sc01/index.html
+- https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/18-103
 - http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0732/Sections/0732.502.html
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-53-wills-trusts-and-administration-of-estates/ga-code-sect-53-4-20/
+- https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol12_Ch0501-0588/HRS0560/HRS_0560-0002-0502.htm
+- https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH2/SECT15-2-502/
+- https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH2/SECT15-2-503/
 - https://codes.findlaw.com/il/chapter-755-estates/il-st-sect-755-5-4-3/
 - https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=075500050K4-3
-- https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=108900
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/in/title-29-probate/in-code-sect-29-1-5-3/
+- https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/633.279.pdf
+- https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch59/059_006_0006.html
+- https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=36237
+- https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=36262
 - https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=108901
+- https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=108900
+- https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/statutes/18-C/title18-Csec2-502.html
+- https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=get&section=4-102&enactments=false
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/ma/part-ii-real-and-personal-property-and-domestic-relations-ch-183-210/ma-gen-laws-ch-190b-sect-2-502/
+- https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-2502
 - https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/524.2-502
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/ms/title-91-trusts-and-estates/ms-code-sect-91-5-1/
+- https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=474.320
+- https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0020/part_0050/section_0220/0720-0020-0050-0220.html
+- https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=30-2327
+- https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=30-2328
 - https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-133.html
+- https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/LVI/551/551-2.htm
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/nj/title-3b-administration-of-estates-decedents-and-others/nj-st-sect-3b-3-4/
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/nm/chapter-45-uniform-probate-code/nm-st-sect-45-2-502/
+- https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EPT/3-2.1
+- https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_31/GS_31-3.3.html
 - https://codes.findlaw.com/nd/title-30-1-uniform-probate-code/nd-cent-code-sect-30-1-08-02/
 - https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2107.03
-- https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/estates-code/est-sect-251-052/
-- https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/estates-code/est-sect-251-051/
+- https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/os84.pdf
+- https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors112.html
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/pa/title-20-pacsa-decedents-estates-and-fiduciaries/pa-csa-sect-20-2502/
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/pa/title-20-pacsa-decedents-estates-and-fiduciaries/pa-csa-sect-20-3132-1/
+- https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE33/33-5/33-5-5.htm
+- https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t62c002.php
+- https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/29A-2-502.html
+- https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/29A-2-504.html
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/tn/title-32-wills/tn-code-sect-32-1-104/
+- https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/ES/htm/ES.251.htm
+- https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title75/Chapter2/C75-2-S502_1800010118000101.xml
+- https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/001/00005
 - https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title64.2/section64.2-403/
 - https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=11.12.020
+- https://code.wvlegislature.gov/41-1-3/
 - https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/853.03
+- https://codes.findlaw.com/wy/title-2-wills-decedents-estates-and-probate-code/wy-st-sect-2-6-112/
 
 ## Fields
 

data/records.jsonl

@@ -1,13 +1,50 @@
-{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-08-18", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PROB&sectionNum=6111", "source_quote": "(a) A will that does not comply with Section 6110 is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator.", "value": "valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "california", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PROB&sectionNum=6110", "source_quote": "(c) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the will shall be witnessed by being signed, during the testator’s lifetime, by at least two persons each of whom (A) being present at the same time, witnessed either the signing of the will or the testator’s acknowledgment of the signature or of the will and (B) understand that the instrument they sign is the testator’s will. (2) If a will was not executed in compliance with paragraph (1), the will shall be treated as if it was executed in compliance with that paragraph if the proponent of the will establishes by clear and convincing evidence that, at the time the testator signed the will, the testator intended the will to constitute the testator’s will.", "state": "California", "statute_citation": "Cal. Prob. Code § 6110", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/california/", "verified_fields": ["state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "witnessed by being signed, during the testator’s lifetime, by at least two persons each of whom (A) being present at the same time, witnessed either the signing of the will or the testator’s acknowledgment of the signature or of the will and (B) understand that the instrument they sign is the testator’s will"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with subsection (1) of this section is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "colorado", "notarization_rule": "Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-15-probate-trusts-and-fiduciaries/co-rev-st-sect-15-11-502/", "source_quote": "(I) Signed by at least two individuals, either prior to or after the testator's death, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after he or she witnessed either the testator's signing of the will as described in paragraph (b) of this subsection (1) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will; or (II) Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.", "state": "Colorado", "statute_citation": "Colo. Rev. Stat. § 15-11-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/colorado/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "notarization_rule", "state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Signed by at least two individuals, either prior to or after the testator's death"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "Any will, other than a holographic or nuncupative will, executed by a nonresident of Florida, either before or after this law takes effect, is valid as a will in this state if valid under the laws of the state or country where the will was executed. A will in the testator’s handwriting that has been executed in accordance with subsection (1) shall not be considered a holographic will.", "id": "florida", "source": "http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0732/Sections/0732.502.html", "source_quote": "Witnesses. — The testator’s: 1.  Signing, or 2.  Acknowledgment: a.  That he or she has previously signed the will, or b.  That another person has subscribed the testator’s name to it, must be in the presence of at least two attesting witnesses. (c)  Witnesses’ signatures. — The attesting witnesses must sign the will in the presence of the testator and in the presence of each other.", "state": "Florida", "statute_citation": "Fla. Stat. § 732.502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/florida/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "at least two attesting witnesses"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "illinois", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/il/chapter-755-estates/il-st-sect-755-5-4-3/", "source_quote": "Every will shall be in writing, signed by the testator or by some person in his presence and by his direction and attested in the presence of the testator by 2 or more credible witnesses.", "state": "Illinois", "statute_citation": "755 ILCS 5/4-3", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/illinois/", "verified_fields": ["state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested in the presence of the testator by 2 or more credible witnesses"}
-{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-08-18", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=108900", "source_quote": "An olographic testament is one entirely written, dated, and signed in the handwriting of the testator. The olographic testament is subject to no other requirement as to form.", "value": "An olographic testament is one entirely written, dated, and signed in the handwriting of the testator. The olographic testament is subject to no other requirement as to form."}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "louisiana", "notarization_rule": "executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses", "source": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=108901", "source_quote": "The notarial testament shall be prepared in writing, dated, executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses, and signed by the testator, each witness, and the notary.", "state": "Louisiana", "statute_citation": "La. Civ. Code art. 1576", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/louisiana/", "verified_fields": ["notarization_rule", "state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses, and signed by the testator, each witness, and the notary"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "minnesota", "source": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/524.2-502", "source_quote": "signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will as described in clause (2) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Minnesota", "statute_citation": "Minn. Stat. § 524.2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/minnesota/", "verified_fields": ["state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "electronic_wills": "Every person of sound mind over the age of 18 years may, by last electronic will, dispose of all of his or her estate, real and personal", "holographic_wills": "A holographic will is a will in which the signature, date and material provisions are written by the hand of the testator, whether or not it is witnessed or notarized.", "id": "nevada", "self_proving_affidavit": "Any attesting witness to a will, including, without limitation, an electronic will, may sign a declaration under penalty of perjury or an affidavit before any person authorized to administer oaths in or out of the State, stating such facts as the witness would be required to testify to in court to prove the will.", "source": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-133.html", "source_quote": "No will executed in this State, except such electronic wills or holographic wills as are mentioned in this chapter, is valid unless it is in writing and signed by the testator, or by an attending person at the testator�s express direction, and attested by at least two competent witnesses who subscribe their names to the will in the presence of the testator.", "state": "Nevada", "statute_citation": "NRS 133.040, 133.050, 133.085, 133.090", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/nevada/", "verified_fields": ["electronic_wills", "holographic_wills", "self_proving_affidavit", "state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested by at least two competent witnesses who subscribe their names to the will in the presence of the testator"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with subsection 1 is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "north-dakota", "notarization_rule": "Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nd/title-30-1-uniform-probate-code/nd-cent-code-sect-30-1-08-02/", "source_quote": "(1) By at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will as described in subdivision b or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will; or (2) Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.", "state": "North Dakota", "statute_citation": "N.D. Cent. Code § 30.1-08-02", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/north-dakota/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "notarization_rule", "state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "By at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "a will may be handwritten or typewritten, but every will shall be attested and subscribed in the conscious presence of the testator by two or more competent witnesses; no unwitnessed exception is stated in this section", "id": "ohio", "source": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2107.03", "source_quote": "Except oral wills, every will shall be in writing, but may be handwritten or typewritten. The will shall be signed at the end by the testator or by some other person in the testator's conscious presence and at the testator's express direction. The will shall be attested and subscribed in the conscious presence of the testator, by two or more competent witnesses, who saw the testator subscribe, or heard the testator acknowledge the testator's signature.", "state": "Ohio", "statute_citation": "Ohio Rev. Code § 2107.03", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/ohio/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested and subscribed in the conscious presence of the testator, by two or more competent witnesses, who saw the testator subscribe, or heard the testator acknowledge the testator's signature"}
-{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-08-18", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/estates-code/est-sect-251-052/", "source_quote": "a will written wholly in the testator's handwriting is not required to be attested by subscribing witnesses.", "value": "a will written wholly in the testator's handwriting is not required to be attested by subscribing witnesses"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "texas", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/estates-code/est-sect-251-051/", "source_quote": "attested by two or more credible witnesses who are at least 14 years of age and who subscribe their names to the will in their own handwriting in the testator's presence.", "state": "Texas", "statute_citation": "Tex. Est. Code § 251.051", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/texas/", "verified_fields": ["state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested by two or more credible witnesses who are at least 14 years of age"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will wholly in the testator's handwriting is valid without further requirements, provided that the fact that a will is wholly in the testator's handwriting and signed by the testator is proved by at least two disinterested witnesses.", "id": "virginia", "source": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title64.2/section64.2-403/", "source_quote": "A will not wholly in the testator's handwriting is not valid unless the signature of the testator is made, or the will is acknowledged by the testator, in the presence of at least two competent witnesses who are present at the same time and who subscribe the will in the presence of the testator.", "state": "Virginia", "statute_citation": "Va. Code § 64.2-403", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/virginia/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "in the presence of at least two competent witnesses who are present at the same time and who subscribe the will in the presence of the testator"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "washington", "source": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=11.12.020", "source_quote": "every will shall be in writing signed by the testator or by some other person under the testator's direction in the testator's presence or electronic presence, and shall be attested by two or more competent witnesses, by subscribing their names to the will", "state": "Washington", "statute_citation": "RCW 11.12.020", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/washington/", "verified_fields": ["state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested by two or more competent witnesses, by subscribing their names to the will"}
-{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "wisconsin", "source": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/853.03", "source_quote": "It must be signed by at least 2 witnesses who signed within a reasonable time after any of the following:", "state": "Wisconsin", "statute_citation": "Wis. Stat. § 853.03", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/wisconsin/", "verified_fields": ["state", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least 2 witnesses who signed within a reasonable time"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "a will that does not comply with (a) of this section is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting", "id": "alaska", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-13-decedents-estates-guardianships-transfers-trusts-and-health-care-decisions/ak-st-sect-13-12-502/", "source_quote": "(3) signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signs within a reasonable time after the witness witnesses either the signing of the will as described in (2) of this subsection or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or the will.", "state": "Alaska", "statute_citation": "Alaska Stat. § 13.12.502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/alaska/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least two individuals"}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02503.htm", "source_quote": "A will that does not comply with section 14-2502 is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator.", "value": "A will that does not comply with section 14-2502 is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator."}, {"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "electronic_wills", "source": "https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02518.htm", "source_quote": "An electronic will must meet all of the following requirements: 1. Be created and maintained in an electronic record that is readable as text at the time of signing. 2. Contain the electronic signature of the testator or the testator's electronic signature made by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction. 3. Contain the electronic signatures of at least two persons, each of whom met all of the following requirements:", "value": "An electronic will must meet all of the following requirements: 1. Be created and maintained in an electronic record that is readable as text at the time of signing."}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [{"field": "witnesses_required", "versions": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "source": "https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02502.htm", "source_quote": "Except as provided in sections 14-2503, 14-2506 and 14-2513, a paper will shall be: 1. In writing. 2. Signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction. 3. Signed by at least two people, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after that person witnessed either the signing of the will as described in paragraph 2 of this subsection or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "value": "Signed by at least two people, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after that person witnessed either the signing of the will as described in paragraph 2 of this subsection or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will"}, {"as_of": "2026-09-02", "source": "https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02518.htm", "source_quote": "An electronic will must meet all of the following requirements: 1. Be created and maintained in an electronic record that is readable as text at the time of signing. 2. Contain the electronic signature of the testator or the testator's electronic signature made by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction. 3. Contain the electronic signatures of at least two persons, each of whom met all of the following requirements:", "value": "Contain the electronic signatures of at least two persons"}]}], "id": "arizona", "source": "https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/14/02502.htm", "source_quote": "Except as provided in sections 14-2503, 14-2506 and 14-2513, a paper will shall be: 1. In writing. 2. Signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction. 3. Signed by at least two people, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after that person witnessed either the signing of the will as described in paragraph 2 of this subsection or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Arizona", "statute_citation": "Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 14-2502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/arizona/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Signed by at least two people, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after that person witnessed either the signing of the will as described in paragraph 2 of this subsection or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "arkansas", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ar/title-28-wills-estates-and-fiduciary-relationships/ar-code-sect-28-25-103/", "source_quote": "(a) The execution of a will, other than holographic, must be by the signature of the testator and of at least two (2) witnesses.", "state": "Arkansas", "statute_citation": "Ark. Code Ann. § 28-25-103", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/arkansas/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "The execution of a will, other than holographic, must be by the signature of the testator and of at least two (2) witnesses."}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-08-18", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PROB&sectionNum=6111", "source_quote": "(a) A will that does not comply with Section 6110 is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator.", "value": "valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "california", "source": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PROB&sectionNum=6110", "source_quote": "(c) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the will shall be witnessed by being signed, during the testator’s lifetime, by at least two persons each of whom (A) being present at the same time, witnessed either the signing of the will or the testator’s acknowledgment of the signature or of the will and (B) understand that the instrument they sign is the testator’s will. (2) If a will was not executed in compliance with paragraph (1), the will shall be treated as if it was executed in compliance with that paragraph if the proponent of the will establishes by clear and convincing evidence that, at the time the testator signed the will, the testator intended the will to constitute the testator’s will.", "state": "California", "statute_citation": "Cal. Prob. Code § 6110", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/california/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "witnessed by being signed, during the testator’s lifetime, by at least two persons each of whom (A) being present at the same time, witnessed either the signing of the will or the testator’s acknowledgment of the signature or of the will and (B) understand that the instrument they sign is the testator’s will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with subsection (1) of this section is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "colorado", "notarization_rule": "Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-15-probate-trusts-and-fiduciaries/co-rev-st-sect-15-11-502/", "source_quote": "(I) Signed by at least two individuals, either prior to or after the testator's death, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after he or she witnessed either the testator's signing of the will as described in paragraph (b) of this subsection (1) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will; or (II) Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.", "state": "Colorado", "statute_citation": "Colo. Rev. Stat. § 15-11-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/colorado/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "notarization_rule", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Signed by at least two individuals, either prior to or after the testator's death"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "connecticut", "source": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_802a.htm", "source_quote": "A will or codicil shall not be valid to pass any property unless it is in writing, subscribed by the testator and attested by two witnesses, each of them subscribing in the testator's presence", "state": "Connecticut", "statute_citation": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 45a-251", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/connecticut/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested by two witnesses, each of them subscribing in the testator's presence"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "delaware", "source": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c002/sc01/index.html", "source_quote": "Every will, whether of personal or real estate, must be: (1) In writing and signed by the testator or by some person subscribing the testator’s name in the testator’s presence and by the testator’s express direction; and (2) Subject to § 1306 of this title, attested and subscribed in testator’s presence by 2 or more credible witnesses.", "state": "Delaware", "statute_citation": "12 Del. C. § 202", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/delaware/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested and subscribed in testator’s presence by 2 or more credible witnesses"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "district-of-columbia", "source": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/18-103", "source_quote": "is void unless it is: (1) in writing and signed by the testator, or by another person in his presence and by his express direction; and (2) attested and subscribed in the presence of the testator, by at least two credible witnesses.", "state": "District of Columbia", "statute_citation": "D.C. Code § 18-103", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/district-of-columbia/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested and subscribed in the presence of the testator, by at least two credible witnesses"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will in the testator’s handwriting that has been executed in accordance with subsection (1) shall not be considered a holographic will.", "id": "florida", "source": "http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0732/Sections/0732.502.html", "source_quote": "Witnesses. —The testator’s: 1. Signing, or 2. Acknowledgment: a. That he or she has previously signed the will, or b. That another person has subscribed the testator’s name to it, must be in the presence of at least two attesting witnesses. (c) Witnesses’ signatures. —The attesting witnesses must sign the will in the presence of the testator and in the presence of each other.", "state": "Florida", "statute_citation": "Fla. Stat. § 732.502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/florida/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "at least two attesting witnesses"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "georgia", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-53-wills-trusts-and-administration-of-estates/ga-code-sect-53-4-20/", "source_quote": "(b) A will shall be attested and subscribed in the presence of the testator by two or more competent witnesses. A witness to a will may attest by mark. Another individual may not subscribe the name of a witness, even in that witness's presence and at that witness's direction.", "state": "Georgia", "statute_citation": "O.C.G.A. § 53-4-20", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/georgia/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "A will shall be attested and subscribed in the presence of the testator by two or more competent witnesses."}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with subsection (a) is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "hawaii", "source": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol12_Ch0501-0588/HRS0560/HRS_0560-0002-0502.htm", "source_quote": "Except as provided in subsection (b) and in sections 560:2-503, 560:2-506, and 560:2-513, a will must be: (1) In writing; (2) Signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction; and (3) Signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after the individual witnessed either the signing of the will as described in paragraph (2) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Hawaii", "statute_citation": "Haw. Rev. Stat. § 560:2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/hawaii/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after the individual witnessed either the signing of the will as described in paragraph (2) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will."}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH2/SECT15-2-503/", "source_quote": "15-2-502 of this Part is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator.", "value": "is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and the material provisions are in the handwriting of the testator"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "idaho", "source": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title15/T15CH2/SECT15-2-502/", "source_quote": "every will shall be in writing signed by the testator or in the testator’s name by some other person in the testator’s presence and by his direction, and shall be signed by at least two (2) persons each of whom witnessed either the signing or the testator’s acknowledgment of the signature or of the will.", "state": "Idaho", "statute_citation": "Idaho Code § 15-2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/idaho/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "shall be signed by at least two (2) persons each of whom witnessed either the signing or the testator’s acknowledgment of the signature or of the will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "illinois", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/il/chapter-755-estates/il-st-sect-755-5-4-3/", "source_quote": "Every will shall be in writing, signed by the testator or by some person in his presence and by his direction and attested in the presence of the testator by 2 or more credible witnesses.", "state": "Illinois", "statute_citation": "755 ILCS 5/4-3", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/illinois/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested in the presence of the testator by 2 or more credible witnesses"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "indiana", "self_proving_affidavit": "A will executed in accordance with subsection (b) is self-proved if the witness signatures follow an attestation or self-proving clause", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/in/title-29-probate/in-code-sect-29-1-5-3/", "source_quote": "A will, other than a nuncupative will, must be executed by the signature of the testator and of at least two (2) witnesses on:", "state": "Indiana", "statute_citation": "Ind. Code § 29-1-5-3", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/indiana/", "verified_fields": ["self_proving_affidavit", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "at least two (2) witnesses"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "iowa", "self_proving_affidavit": "An attested will may be made self-proved at the time of its execution, or at any subsequent date, by the acknowledgment thereof by the testator and the affidavits of the witnesses", "source": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/633.279.pdf", "source_quote": "All wills and codicils, except as provided in section 633.283, to be valid, must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some person in the testator’s presence and by the testator’s express direction writing the testator’s name thereto, and declared by the testator to be the testator’s will, and witnessed, at the testator’s request, by two competent persons who signed as witnesses in the presence of the testator and in the presence of each other", "state": "Iowa", "statute_citation": "Iowa Code § 633.279", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/iowa/", "verified_fields": ["self_proving_affidavit", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "witnessed, at the testator’s request, by two competent persons who signed as witnesses in the presence of the testator and in the presence of each other"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "kansas", "self_proving_affidavit": "Such will, at the time of its execution or at any subsequent date during the lifetimes of the testator and the witnesses, may be made self-proved, and the testimony of the witnesses in the probate of the will may be made unnecessary by the acknowledgments of the will and the affidavits of the testator and the attesting witnesses.", "source": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch59/059_006_0006.html", "source_quote": "Every will, except an oral will as provided in K.S.A. 59-608 and amendments thereto, shall be in writing, and signed at the end by the party making the will, or by some other person in the presence and by the express direction of the testator. Such will shall be attested and subscribed in the presence of such party by two or more competent witnesses, who saw the testator subscribe or heard the testator acknowledge the will.", "state": "Kansas", "statute_citation": "Kan. Stat. Ann. § 59-606", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/kansas/", "verified_fields": ["self_proving_affidavit", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Such will shall be attested and subscribed in the presence of such party by two or more competent witnesses, who saw the testator subscribe or heard the testator acknowledge the will."}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "self_proving_affidavit", "source": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=36262", "source_quote": "(1) Any will may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self-proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses, each made before an officer authorized to administer oaths under the laws of this state and evidenced by the officer's certificate, in substantially the following form:", "value": "Any will may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self-proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "kentucky", "source": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=36237", "source_quote": "If the will is not wholly written by the testator, the subscription shall be made or the will acknowledged by him in the presence of at least two (2) credible witnesses, who shall subscribe the will with their names in the presence of the testator, and in the presence of each other.", "state": "Kentucky", "statute_citation": "Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 394.040", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/kentucky/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "at least two (2) credible witnesses"}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-08-18", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=108900", "source_quote": "An olographic testament is one entirely written, dated, and signed in the handwriting of the testator. The olographic testament is subject to no other requirement as to form.", "value": "An olographic testament is one entirely written, dated, and signed in the handwriting of the testator. The olographic testament is subject to no other requirement as to form."}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "louisiana", "notarization_rule": "executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses", "source": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=108901", "source_quote": "The notarial testament shall be prepared in writing, dated, executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses, and signed by the testator, each witness, and the notary.", "state": "Louisiana", "statute_citation": "La. Civ. Code art. 1576", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/louisiana/", "verified_fields": ["notarization_rule", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses, and signed by the testator, each witness, and the notary"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting", "id": "maine", "source": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/statutes/18-C/title18-Csec2-502.html", "source_quote": "Signed by at least 2 individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after the individual witnessed either the signing of the will as described in", "state": "Maine", "statute_citation": "18-C M.R.S. § 2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/maine/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Signed by at least 2 individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after the individual witnessed either the signing of the will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "electronic_wills": "An electronic will or remotely witnessed will executed under this subsection shall satisfy the following requirements:", "id": "maryland", "source": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=get&section=4-102&enactments=false", "source_quote": "every will shall be: (1) In writing; (2) Signed by the testator, or by some other person for the testator, in the testator’s physical presence and by the testator’s express direction; and (3) Attested and signed by two or more credible witnesses in: (i) The physical presence of the testator; or (ii) The electronic presence of the testator", "state": "Maryland", "statute_citation": "Md. Code, Est. & Trusts § 4-102", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/maryland/", "verified_fields": ["electronic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Attested and signed by two or more credible witnesses in: (i) The physical presence of the testator; or (ii) The electronic presence of the testator"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "massachusetts", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ma/part-ii-real-and-personal-property-and-domestic-relations-ch-183-210/ma-gen-laws-ch-190b-sect-2-502/", "source_quote": "(3) signed by at least 2 individuals, each of whom witnessed either the signing of the will as described in paragraph (2) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Massachusetts", "statute_citation": "Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 190B, § 2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/massachusetts/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least 2 individuals"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with subsection (1) is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if it is dated, and if the testator's signature and the document's material portions are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "michigan", "source": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-700-2502", "source_quote": "a will is valid only if it is all of the following: (a) In writing. (b) Signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction. (c) Signed by at least 2 individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after he or she witnessed either the signing of the will as described in subdivision (b) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Michigan", "statute_citation": "Mich. Comp. Laws § 700.2502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/michigan/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Signed by at least 2 individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after he or she witnessed either the signing of the will as described in subdivision (b) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will."}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "minnesota", "source": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/524.2-502", "source_quote": "signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will as described in clause (2) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Minnesota", "statute_citation": "Minn. Stat. § 524.2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/minnesota/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "if not wholly written and subscribed by himself or herself, it shall be attested by two (2) or more credible witnesses", "id": "mississippi", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ms/title-91-trusts-and-estates/ms-code-sect-91-5-1/", "source_quote": "provided such last will and testament, or codicil, be signed by the testator or testatrix, or by some other person in his or her presence and by his or her express direction. Moreover, if not wholly written and subscribed by himself or herself, it shall be attested by two (2) or more credible witnesses in the presence of the testator or testatrix.", "state": "Mississippi", "statute_citation": "Miss. Code Ann. § 91-5-1", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/mississippi/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "if not wholly written and subscribed by himself or herself, it shall be attested by two (2) or more credible witnesses in the presence of the testator or testatrix"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "missouri", "source": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=474.320", "source_quote": "Every will shall be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some person, by his direction, in his presence; and shall be attested by two or more competent witnesses subscribing their names to the will in the presence of the testator.", "state": "Missouri", "statute_citation": "Mo. Rev. Stat. § 474.320", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/missouri/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "shall be attested by two or more competent witnesses subscribing their names to the will in the presence of the testator"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with subsection (1) is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "montana", "source": "https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0720/chapter_0020/part_0050/section_0220/0720-0020-0050-0220.html", "source_quote": "(a) in writing; (b) signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction; and (c) signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after having witnessed either the signing of the will as described in subsection (1)(b) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Montana", "statute_citation": "Mont. Code Ann. § 72-2-522", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/montana/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after having witnessed either the signing of the will as described in subsection (1)(b) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will."}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=30-2328", "source_quote": "30-2327 is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature, the material provisions, and an indication of the date of signing are in the handwriting of the testator and, in the absence of such indication of date, if such instrument is the only such instrument or contains no inconsistency with any like instrument or if such date is determinable from the contents of such instrument, from extrinsic circumstances, or from any other evidence.", "value": "is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature, the material provisions, and an indication of the date of signing are in the handwriting of the testator"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "nebraska", "source": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=30-2327", "source_quote": "every will is required to be in writing signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's presence and by his direction, and is required to be signed by at least two individuals each of whom witnessed either the signing or the testator's acknowledgment of the signature or of the will.", "state": "Nebraska", "statute_citation": "Neb. Rev. Stat. § 30-2327", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/nebraska/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "is required to be signed by at least two individuals each of whom witnessed either the signing or the testator's acknowledgment of the signature or of the will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "electronic_wills": "Every person of sound mind over the age of 18 years may, by last electronic will, dispose of all of his or her estate, real and personal", "holographic_wills": "A holographic will is a will in which the signature, date and material provisions are written by the hand of the testator, whether or not it is witnessed or notarized.", "id": "nevada", "self_proving_affidavit": "Any attesting witness to a will, including, without limitation, an electronic will, may sign a declaration under penalty of perjury or an affidavit before any person authorized to administer oaths in or out of the State, stating such facts as the witness would be required to testify to in court to prove the will.", "source": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-133.html", "source_quote": "No will executed in this State, except such electronic wills or holographic wills as are mentioned in this chapter, is valid unless it is in writing and signed by the testator, or by an attending person at the testator’s express direction, and attested by at least two competent witnesses who subscribe their names to the will in the presence of the testator.", "state": "Nevada", "statute_citation": "NRS 133.040, 133.050, 133.085, 133.090", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/nevada/", "verified_fields": ["electronic_wills", "holographic_wills", "self_proving_affidavit", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested by at least two competent witnesses who subscribe their names to the will in the presence of the testator"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "electronic_wills": "Nothing in this paragraph shall be deemed to allow an electronic will or codicil", "id": "new-hampshire", "source": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/LVI/551/551-2.htm", "source_quote": "(d) Be signed by 2 or more credible witnesses, who shall, at the request of the testator and in the testator's presence, attest to the testator's signature.", "state": "New Hampshire", "statute_citation": "N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 551:2", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/new-hampshire/", "verified_fields": ["electronic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "2 or more credible witnesses"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "new-jersey", "self_proving_affidavit": "Any will executed on or after September 1, 1978 may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self-proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nj/title-3b-administration-of-estates-decedents-and-others/nj-st-sect-3b-3-4/", "source_quote": "Any will executed on or after September 1, 1978 may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self-proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses, each made before an officer authorized pursuant to", "state": "New Jersey", "statute_citation": "N.J. Stat. Ann. § 3B:3-4", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/new-jersey/", "verified_fields": ["self_proving_affidavit"]}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "new-mexico", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nm/chapter-45-uniform-probate-code/nm-st-sect-45-2-502/", "source_quote": "A. in writing; B. signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction; and C. signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed in the presence of the testator and of each other after each witnessed the signing of the will as described in Subsection B of this section.", "state": "New Mexico", "statute_citation": "N.M. Stat. Ann. § 45-2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/new-mexico/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed in the presence of the testator and of each other after each witnessed the signing of the will as described in Subsection B of this section."}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "new-york", "source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EPT/3-2.1", "source_quote": "(4) There shall be at least two attesting witnesses, who shall, within one thirty day period, both attest the testator's signature, as affixed or acknowledged in their presence, and at the request of the testator, sign their names and affix their residence addresses at the end of the will.", "state": "New York", "statute_citation": "N.Y. Est. Powers & Trusts Law § 3-2.1", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/new-york/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "There shall be at least two attesting witnesses, who shall, within one thirty day period, both attest the testator's signature, as affixed or acknowledged in their presence, and at the request of the testator, sign their names and affix their residence addresses at the end of the will."}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "north-carolina", "source": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_31/GS_31-3.3.html", "source_quote": "(a) An attested written will is a written will signed by the testator and attested by at least two competent witnesses as provided by this section.", "state": "North Carolina", "statute_citation": "N.C. Gen. Stat. § 31-3.3", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/north-carolina/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "An attested written will is a written will signed by the testator and attested by at least two competent witnesses as provided by this section."}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with subsection 1 is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "north-dakota", "notarization_rule": "Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nd/title-30-1-uniform-probate-code/nd-cent-code-sect-30-1-08-02/", "source_quote": "(1) By at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will as described in subdivision b or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will; or (2) Acknowledged by the testator before a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments.", "state": "North Dakota", "statute_citation": "N.D. Cent. Code § 30.1-08-02", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/north-dakota/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "notarization_rule", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "By at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after witnessing either the signing of the will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "ohio", "source": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2107.03", "source_quote": "Except oral wills, every will shall be in writing, but may be handwritten or typewritten. The will shall be signed at the end by the testator or by some other person in the testator's conscious presence and at the testator's express direction. The will shall be attested and subscribed in the conscious presence of the testator, by two or more competent witnesses, who saw the testator subscribe, or heard the testator acknowledge the testator's signature.", "state": "Ohio", "statute_citation": "Ohio Rev. Code § 2107.03", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/ohio/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested and subscribed in the conscious presence of the testator, by two or more competent witnesses, who saw the testator subscribe, or heard the testator acknowledge the testator's signature"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A holographic will is one that is entirely written, dated and signed by the hand of the testator himself", "id": "oklahoma", "self_proving_affidavit": "may, at the time of execution or at any subsequent date during the lifetimes of the testator and the witnesses, be made self-proved", "source": "https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/os84.pdf", "source_quote": "4. There must be two attesting witnesses, each of whom must sign his name as a witness at the end of the will at the testator's request and in his presence.", "state": "Oklahoma", "statute_citation": "Okla. Stat. tit. 84, § 55", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/oklahoma/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "self_proving_affidavit", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "two attesting witnesses"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "electronic_wills": "“writing” does not include an electronic record, document or image", "id": "oregon", "source": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors112.html", "source_quote": "(b) At least two witnesses shall each: (A)(i) See the testator sign the will;", "state": "Oregon", "statute_citation": "ORS 112.235", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/oregon/", "verified_fields": ["electronic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "At least two witnesses"}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "self_proving_affidavit", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/pa/title-20-pacsa-decedents-estates-and-fiduciaries/pa-csa-sect-20-3132-1/", "source_quote": "(b) Acknowledgment and affidavits.--An attested will may at the time of its execution or at any subsequent date be made self-proved by the acknowledgment thereof by the testator and the affidavits of the witnesses, each made before an officer authorized to administer oaths under the laws of this Commonwealth or under the laws of the state where execution occurs", "value": "An attested will may at the time of its execution or at any subsequent date be made self-proved by the acknowledgment thereof by the testator and the affidavits of the witnesses"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "pennsylvania", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/pa/title-20-pacsa-decedents-estates-and-fiduciaries/pa-csa-sect-20-2502/", "source_quote": "Every will shall be in writing and shall be signed by the testator at the end thereof, subject to the following rules and exceptions:", "state": "Pennsylvania", "statute_citation": "20 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 2502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/pennsylvania/"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "rhode-island", "source": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE33/33-5/33-5-5.htm", "source_quote": "No will shall be valid, except as provided in §§ 33-5-6 and 33-5-7, unless it shall be in writing and signed by the testator, or by some other person for him or her in his or her presence and by his or her express direction; and this signature shall be made or acknowledged by the testator in the presence of two (2) or more witnesses present at the same time, and the witnesses shall attest and shall subscribe the will in the presence of the testator", "state": "Rhode Island", "statute_citation": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 33-5-5", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/rhode-island/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "this signature shall be made or acknowledged by the testator in the presence of two (2) or more witnesses present at the same time, and the witnesses shall attest and shall subscribe the will in the presence of the testator"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "south-carolina", "self_proving_affidavit": "Any will may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self-proved. The self-proof shall be effective upon the acknowledgment by the testator and the affidavit of at least one witness", "source": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t62c002.php", "source_quote": "Except as provided for writings within Section 62-2-512 and wills within Section 62-2-505, every will shall be: (1) in writing; (2) signed by the testator or signed in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's presence and by the testator's direction; and (3) signed by at least two individuals each of whom witnessed either the signing or the testator's acknowledgment of the signature or of the will.", "state": "South Carolina", "statute_citation": "S.C. Code Ann. §§ 62-2-502, 62-2-503", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/south-carolina/", "verified_fields": ["self_proving_affidavit", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least two individuals each of whom witnessed either the signing or the testator's acknowledgment of the signature or of the will."}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "self_proving_affidavit", "source": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/29A-2-504.html", "source_quote": "(a) A will may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self - proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses, each made before an officer authorized to administer oaths under the laws of the state in which execution occurs and evidenced by the officer's certificate, under official seal, in substantially the following form:", "value": "A will may be simultaneously executed, attested, and made self - proved, by acknowledgment thereof by the testator and affidavits of the witnesses"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "holographic_wills": "A will is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting", "id": "south-dakota", "source": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/29A-2-502.html", "source_quote": "(3) Signed in the conscious presence of the testator by two or more individuals who, in the conscious presence of the testator, witnessed either the signing of the will or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature.", "state": "South Dakota", "statute_citation": "S.D. Codified Laws § 29A-2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/south-dakota/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "Signed in the conscious presence of the testator by two or more individuals"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "tennessee", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/tn/title-32-wills/tn-code-sect-32-1-104/", "source_quote": "(a) The execution of a will, other than a holographic or nuncupative will, must be by the signature of the testator and of at least two (2) witnesses as follows:", "state": "Tennessee", "statute_citation": "Tenn. Code Ann. § 32-1-104", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/tennessee/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "The execution of a will, other than a holographic or nuncupative will, must be by the signature of the testator and of at least two (2) witnesses"}
+{"also_reported": [{"as_of": "2026-09-02", "field": "holographic_wills", "source": "https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/ES/htm/ES.251.htm", "source_quote": "a will written wholly in the testator's handwriting is not required to be attested by subscribing witnesses.", "value": "a will written wholly in the testator's handwriting is not required to be attested by subscribing witnesses"}], "derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "disagreements": [], "id": "texas", "source": "https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/ES/htm/ES.251.htm", "source_quote": "attested by two or more credible witnesses who are at least 14 years of age and who subscribe their names to the will in their own handwriting in the testator's presence.", "state": "Texas", "statute_citation": "Tex. Est. Code § 251.051", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/texas/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested by two or more credible witnesses who are at least 14 years of age"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will that does not comply with Subsection (1) is valid as a holographic will, whether or not witnessed, if the signature and material portions of the document are in the testator's handwriting.", "id": "utah", "source": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title75/Chapter2/C75-2-S502_1800010118000101.xml", "source_quote": "Except as provided in Subsection (2) and in Sections 75-2-503 , 75-2-506 , and 75-2-513 , a will shall be: in writing; signed by the testator or in the testator's name by some other individual in the testator's conscious presence and by the testator's direction; and signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after he witnessed either the signing of the will as described in Subsection (1)(b) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will.", "state": "Utah", "statute_citation": "Utah Code § 75-2-502", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/utah/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least two individuals, each of whom signed within a reasonable time after he witnessed either the signing of the will as described in Subsection (1)(b) or the testator's acknowledgment of that signature or acknowledgment of the will."}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "vermont", "source": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/14/001/00005", "source_quote": "A will shall be: (1) in writing; (2) signed in the presence of two or more credible witnesses by the testator or in the testator’s name by some other person in the testator’s presence and by the testator’s express direction; and (3) attested and subscribed by the witnesses in the presence of the testator and each other.", "state": "Vermont", "statute_citation": "14 V.S.A. § 5", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/vermont/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed in the presence of two or more credible witnesses by the testator or in the testator’s name by some other person in the testator’s presence and by the testator’s express direction"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "A will wholly in the testator's handwriting is valid without further requirements, provided that the fact that a will is wholly in the testator's handwriting and signed by the testator is proved by at least two disinterested witnesses.", "id": "virginia", "source": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title64.2/section64.2-403/", "source_quote": "A will not wholly in the testator's handwriting is not valid unless the signature of the testator is made, or the will is acknowledged by the testator, in the presence of at least two competent witnesses who are present at the same time and who subscribe the will in the presence of the testator.", "state": "Virginia", "statute_citation": "Va. Code § 64.2-403", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/virginia/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "in the presence of at least two competent witnesses who are present at the same time and who subscribe the will in the presence of the testator"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "washington", "source": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=11.12.020", "source_quote": "every will shall be in writing signed by the testator or by some other person under the testator's direction in the testator's presence or electronic presence, and shall be attested by two or more competent witnesses, by subscribing their names to the will", "state": "Washington", "statute_citation": "RCW 11.12.020", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/washington/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "attested by two or more competent witnesses, by subscribing their names to the will"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "holographic_wills": "unless it be wholly in the handwriting of the testator, the signature shall be made or the will acknowledged by him in the presence of at least two competent witnesses", "id": "west-virginia", "source": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/41-1-3/", "source_quote": "No will shall be valid unless it be in writing and signed by the testator, or by some other person in his presence and by his direction, in such manner as to make it manifest that the name is intended as a signature; and moreover, unless it be wholly in the handwriting of the testator, the signature shall be made or the will acknowledged by him in the presence of at least two competent witnesses, present at the same time; and such witnesses shall subscribe the will in the presence of the testator, and of each other, but no form of attestation shall be necessary.", "state": "West Virginia", "statute_citation": "W. Va. Code § 41-1-3", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/west-virginia/", "verified_fields": ["holographic_wills", "witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "the signature shall be made or the will acknowledged by him in the presence of at least two competent witnesses, present at the same time; and such witnesses shall subscribe the will in the presence of the testator, and of each other"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "wisconsin", "source": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/853.03", "source_quote": "It must be signed by at least 2 witnesses who signed within a reasonable time after any of the following:", "state": "Wisconsin", "statute_citation": "Wis. Stat. § 853.03", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/wisconsin/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "signed by at least 2 witnesses who signed within a reasonable time"}
+{"derived_fields": ["statute_citation"], "id": "wyoming", "source": "https://codes.findlaw.com/wy/title-2-wills-decedents-estates-and-probate-code/wy-st-sect-2-6-112/", "source_quote": "all wills to be valid shall be in writing, or typewritten, witnessed by two (2) competent witnesses and signed by the testator or by some person in his presence and by his express direction.", "state": "Wyoming", "statute_citation": "Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 2-6-112", "url": "https://referencesource.org/will-execution-requirements-by-state/wyoming/", "verified_fields": ["witnesses_required"], "witnesses_required": "all wills to be valid shall be in writing, or typewritten, witnessed by two (2) competent witnesses and signed by the testator or by some person in his presence and by his express direction."}