epstein-index / content-documents /house-oversight-nov /1c /HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018087.md
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---
title: "House Oversight: Estate Documents (Nov 12) (HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018087)"
source: "House Oversight: Estate Documents (Nov 12)"
sourceUrl: "https://www.justice.gov/epstein"
date: "2026-01-01"
category: "House Oversight"
eftaNumber: "HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018087"
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engine: "engine undisclosed (ep-nov-12.greg.technology mirror)"
externalSource: "greg-ep-nov-12"
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externalUrl: "https://ep-nov-12.greg.technology"
---
failure. Sectarian tensions were the key to the trouble in Bahrain,
where a Sunni monarchy rules over a restive Shia majority.
Islamists, the bogeymen of the west and the enemies of all autocratic
Arab regimes, have not - yet - played a significant role. Still, Ennahda
in Tunisia and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt have new
opportunities in multi-party systems that will in turn change them.
The killing of Osama bin Laden was a timely reminder of the defeat
of jihadi ideology in an Arab world being transformed by people
power.
Another variable has been the response: French support for Ben Ali
was embarrassing; the US was praising Mubarak days before he
departed. Muammar Gaddafi had no friends - and the Arab League
was crucial in providing a figleaf for UN-sanctioned Nato
intervention. Bashar al-Assad, by contrast, has yet to be condemned
by the UN for a crackdown that has cost at least 1,300 lives. Bahrain
is too strategically important to face more than a rebuke from the US.
Elsewhere in the region, Israel is nervous about the demise of
Mubarak. Turkey fears instability in Syria. The Palestinians, eclipsed
by drama elsewhere, are trying to learn lessons. Iran's support for the
Arab uprisings is sheer hypocrisy given its crushing of democratic
protests since 2009.
Now the EU and the US must stop being seen by Arabs as "partners
for dictators" in the words of the Tunisian academic Ahmed Driss.
Billions of dollars will be needed to support democracy and
development.
Tunisia and Egypt fear instability as they face free elections. But the
really hard transformational work, as the respected commentator
Rami Khouri has observed, "will start in the years after the new
parliaments are elected and the complete infrastructure of political
governance is forged according to the will of the majority"
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_018087