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[ { "role": "user", "content": "I've identified a hit compound from a phenotypic screen with an IC50 of 2.5 Β΅M against my target. The compound has MW 380, cLogP 3.2, 3 HBD, 5 HBA, and TPSA 85 Γ…Β². It passes 3 of 4 Lipinski rules. How should I prioritize my optimization efforts for this hit?" }, { "role...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "hit-to-lead", "skill_type": "requires-reasoning", "source": "discovery_knowledge_base_expanded", "difficulty": "expert" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Explain how to systematically optimize the ADMET profile of a lead compound. What are the key parameters, their acceptable ranges, and how do they impact the transition from preclinical to clinical development?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## ADMET Optimiz...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "ADMET optimization", "skill_type": "requires-reasoning", "source": "discovery_knowledge_base_expanded", "difficulty": "expert" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm setting up a virtual screening campaign against a kinase target. I have a crystal structure (PDB: 3EQM) with resolution 2.1 Γ…. I have a library of 500,000 compounds from ZINC. How should I design the screening workflow to maximize hit rate while minimizing computational cos...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "virtual screening", "skill_type": "requires-reasoning", "source": "discovery_knowledge_base_expanded", "difficulty": "expert" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How do molecular descriptors and fingerprints relate to machine learning models for predicting drug-like properties? What are the trade-offs between different representation methods?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Molecular Representations for Property Pr...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug discovery", "skill_type": "requires-reasoning", "source": "discovery_knowledge_base_expanded", "difficulty": "expert" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Explain the concept of drug-likeness and how it relates to the Rule of Five. What are the limitations, and what modern alternatives exist?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drug-Likeness and the Rule of Five\n\n### Lipinski's Rule of Five (1997):\n- MW ≀500 ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "molecular properties", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "discovery_knowledge_base_expanded", "difficulty": "advanced" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Describe the complete workflow for structure-based drug design using a crystal structure. What are the key steps, software tools, and decision points?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Structure-Based Drug Design Workflow\n\n### Prerequisites:\n- Crystal str...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug design", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "discovery_knowledge_base_expanded", "difficulty": "expert" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target D(2) dopamine receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting D(2) dopamine receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with D(2) dopam...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Albumin? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Albumin\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Albumin:\n\n - **PRAZOSIN** (ChEMBL: CH...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Adrenergic receptor alpha-2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Adrenergic receptor alpha-2\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact wit...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact wit...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Unchecked? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Unchecked\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Unchecked:\n\n - **NICOTINE** (ChEM...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7\n\nThe following ap...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Enterococcus faecalis? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Enterococcus faecalis\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Enterococcus...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Staphylococcus epidermidis? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Staphylococcus epidermidis\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with St...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Staphylococcus aureus? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Staphylococcus aureus\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Staphylococc...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Klebsiella pneumoniae? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Klebsiella p...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Pseudomona...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target DNA gyrase? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting DNA gyrase\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with DNA gyrase:\n\n - **NALIDIXIC ACI...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Providencia rettgeri? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Providencia rettgeri\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Providencia re...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Rattus norvegicus? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Rattus norvegicus\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Rattus norvegicus:\n...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target No relevant target? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting No relevant target\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with No relevant target...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Cavia porcellus? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Cavia porcellus\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Cavia porcellus:\n\n - ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Cyclooxygenase? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Cyclooxygenase\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Cyclooxygenase:\n\n - **I...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Metallo-beta-lactamase type 2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Metallo-beta-lactamase type 2\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact w...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Beta-lactamase? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Beta-lactamase\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Beta-lactamase:\n\n - **S...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Mus musculus? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Mus musculus\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Mus musculus:\n\n - **SULBACT...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Beta lactamase TEM-1? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Beta lactamase TEM-1\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Beta lactamase...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Morganella morganii? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Morganella morganii\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Morganella morga...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Serotonin (5-HT) receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Serotonin (5-HT) receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Sero...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target ADMET? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting ADMET\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with ADMET:\n\n - **AMPHETAMINE** (ChEMBL: CHEMB...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Serotonin 1 (5-HT1) receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Serotonin 1 (5-HT1) receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact wit...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter\n\nThe following approved drugs are kno...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Norepinephrine transporter? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Norepinephrine transporter\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with No...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target NON-PROTEIN TARGET? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting NON-PROTEIN TARGET\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with NON-PROTEIN TARGET...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target GABA-A receptor; alpha-2/beta-3/gamma-2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting GABA-A receptor; alpha-2/beta-3/gamma-2\n\nThe following approved drugs are...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target GABA-A receptor; anion channel? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting GABA-A receptor; anion channel\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target GABA-A receptor; alpha-5/beta-3/gamma-2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting GABA-A receptor; alpha-5/beta-3/gamma-2\n\nThe following approved drugs are...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target GABA-A receptor; alpha-3/beta-3/gamma-2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting GABA-A receptor; alpha-3/beta-3/gamma-2\n\nThe following approved drugs are...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target 3T3-L1? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting 3T3-L1\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with 3T3-L1:\n\n - **TROGLITAZONE** (ChEMBL: C...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma\n\nThe following ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Androgen receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Androgen receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Androgen receptor:\n...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Homo sapiens? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Homo sapiens\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Homo sapiens:\n\n - **DIAZEPA...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Beta-2 adrenergic receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Beta-2 adrenergic receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Be...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Beta-1 adrenergic receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Beta-1 adrenergic receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Be...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Estrogen receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Estrogen receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Estrogen receptor:\n...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Estrogen receptor beta? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Estrogen receptor beta\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Estrogen r...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target NIH3T3? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting NIH3T3\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with NIH3T3:\n\n - **DIETHYLSTILBESTROL** (ChE...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Plasmodium falciparum? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Plasmodium falciparum\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Plasmodium f...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to in...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1\n\nThe following approved drugs are known...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3\n\nThe following approved drugs are known...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Gallus gallus? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Gallus gallus\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Gallus gallus:\n\n - **PHEN...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target T-cell? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting T-cell\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with T-cell:\n\n - **SIROLIMUS** (ChEMBL: CHEM...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A\n\nThe following approved dru...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter\n\nThe following approved drugs are k...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III)? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III)\n\n...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Bos taurus? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Bos taurus\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Bos taurus:\n\n - **METHOXSALEN**...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Carbonic anhydrase 2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Carbonic anhydrase 2\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Carbonic anhyd...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Carbonic anhydrase 13? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Carbonic anhydrase 13\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Carbonic anh...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Carbonic anhydrase 1? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Carbonic anhydrase 1\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Carbonic anhyd...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Carbonic anhydrase 9? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Carbonic anhydrase 9\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Carbonic anhyd...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Oryctolagus cuniculus? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Oryctolagus cuniculus\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Oryctolagus ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target NCI/ADR-RES? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting NCI/ADR-RES\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with NCI/ADR-RES:\n\n - **EPIRUBICIN...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target MCF7? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting MCF7\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with MCF7:\n\n - **EPIRUBICIN** (ChEMBL: CHEMBL417...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Dihydropteroate synthase? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Dihydropteroate synthase\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Dihydr...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to in...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Dihydrofolate reductase; T. gondii vs rat? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Dihydrofolate reductase; T. gondii vs rat\n\nThe following approved drugs...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Dihydrofolate reductase; P. carinii vs rat? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Dihydrofolate reductase; P. carinii vs rat\n\nThe following approved dru...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Dihydrofolate reductase? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Dihydrofolate reductase\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Dihydrof...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B\n\nThe following approved drugs are known t...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A\n\nThe following approved drugs are known t...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Canis familiaris? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Canis familiaris\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Canis familiaris:\n\n ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact wit...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact wit...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to intera...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Adrenergic receptor beta? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Adrenergic receptor beta\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Adrene...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target CHO? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting CHO\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with CHO:\n\n - **MECHLORETHAMINE** (ChEMBL: CHEMBL4...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Streptococcus pneumoniae? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Streptococcus pneumoniae\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Strept...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Plasmodium yoelii yoelii? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Plasmodium yoelii yoelii\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Plasmo...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with My...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Escherichia coli? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Escherichia coli\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Escherichia coli:\n\n ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Bacillus subtilis? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Bacillus subtilis\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Bacillus subtilis:\n...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Angiotensin-converting enzyme? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Angiotensin-converting enzyme\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact w...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Erythrocyte beta receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Erythrocyte beta receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Eryt...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Toxoplasma gondii? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Toxoplasma gondii\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Toxoplasma gondii:\n...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1\n\nThe following approved drugs are k...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Endothelin-1 receptor? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Endothelin-1 receptor\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Endothelin-1...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Cytochrome P450 2C9? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Cytochrome P450 2C9\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Cytochrome P450 ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target SARS-CoV-2? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting SARS-CoV-2\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with SARS-CoV-2:\n\n - **THIAMYLAL** (...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Hepatotoxicity? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Hepatotoxicity\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with Hepatotoxicity:\n\n - **C...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to intera...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to intera...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Retinoic acid receptor gamma? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Retinoic acid receptor gamma\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact wit...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Retinoic acid receptor beta? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Retinoic acid receptor beta\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact with ...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What drugs target Retinoic acid receptor alpha? Compare their molecular structures and discuss their mechanism of action." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "## Drugs Targeting Retinoic acid receptor alpha\n\nThe following approved drugs are known to interact wit...
{ "pillar": "discovery", "domain": "drug-target interaction", "skill_type": "requires-knowledge", "source": "chembl", "difficulty": "intermediate" }
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
RACER IS OP

πŸ”΄ RED-PILL

Research Enhanced Dataset for Pharmaceutical Innovation in Learning & Language


License HuggingFace Size Format Tasks Quality


The first open instruction-tuning dataset for drug discovery & formulation development.

Built for fine-tuning Heretic-ablated models that won't refuse your pharmaceutical R&D questions.


⚑ Quick Start

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the full dataset
ds = load_dataset("saidutta69/red-pill-drug-discovery-formulation", data_files="red-pill-full.jsonl")

# Load gold tier (elite 17 instructions)
ds = load_dataset("saidutta69/red-pill-drug-discovery-formulation", data_files="red-pill-full_gold_tier.jsonl")

# Load top tier (145 grade A+B instructions)
ds = load_dataset("saidutta69/red-pill-drug-discovery-formulation", data_files="red-pill-full_top_tier.jsonl")

πŸ“Š Dataset at a Glance

Split Instructions Avg Score Description
Full 1,047 0.541 Complete dataset across all pillars
Gold Tier πŸ₯‡ 17 0.757 Elite grade-A instructions
Top Tier πŸ₯ˆ 145 β€” Grade A+B instructions

🎯 Quality Distribution

Grade A (β‰₯0.75):  β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘  17 (1.6%)
Grade B (β‰₯0.60):  β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘  128 (12.2%)
Grade C (β‰₯0.45):  β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆ  789 (75.3%)
Grade D (β‰₯0.30):  β–ˆβ–ˆβ–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘  102 (9.7%)
Grade F (<0.30):  β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘β–‘  11 (1.1%)

🧬 The Six Pillars

Pillar Instructions Focus
πŸ§ͺ Drug Discovery 631 Target ID, screening, ADMET, molecular properties
πŸ’Š Formulation ⭐ 62 Solubility enhancement, dosage forms, excipients, stability
βš—οΈ Synthesis 16 Retrosynthesis, reaction optimization, process chemistry
πŸ“‹ Regulatory 109 FDA guidance, clinical trial design, patent analysis
πŸ”— Integration 4 Cross-pillar reasoning, drug repurposing
πŸ“š Literature 402 Paper analysis, methodology critique, research synthesis
πŸ“‹ Pillar Details (Click to expand)

πŸ§ͺ Pillar 1: Drug Discovery & Screening

631 instructions

  • Target identification & validation
  • Virtual screening workflows
  • Molecular property prediction
  • ADMET profiling & optimization
  • Hit-to-lead optimization
  • Structure-activity relationships

Sources: ChEMBL 35, DrugBank, PubChem, Expert Knowledge

πŸ’Š Pillar 2: Formulation Development ⭐ Key Differentiator

62 instructions

  • Solubility enhancement strategies (ASD, nanosizing, cyclodextrins)
  • Dosage form design & selection
  • Excipient science & compatibility
  • Stability prediction & optimization
  • Dissolution modeling & IVIVC
  • QbD and Design Space concepts

Sources: FDA Orange Book, FormulationAI, Expert Knowledge

βš—οΈ Pillar 3: Chemical Synthesis

16 instructions

  • Retrosynthetic analysis
  • Reaction optimization
  • Process chemistry & scale-up
  • Crystallization & polymorph control
  • Green chemistry principles

Sources: ChEMBL, Process Chemistry Knowledge Base

πŸ“‹ Pillar 4: Regulatory & Clinical

109 instructions

  • FDA guidance interpretation
  • Clinical trial design (Phase I-IV)
  • Bioequivalence requirements
  • Stability testing (ICH Q1A-R2)
  • ANDA/NDA filing strategy

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA Guidance Documents

πŸ”— Pillar 5: Cross-cutting Integration

4 instructions

  • Drug repurposing scenarios
  • Formulation-to-clinic pipelines
  • Failure analysis & rescue strategies
  • Multi-pillar reasoning exercises

Sources: Integrated Knowledge Base

πŸ“š Pillar 6: Literature Mining

402 instructions

  • Paper summary & analysis
  • Methodology critique
  • Cross-paper synthesis
  • Research trend identification
  • Computational method assessment

Sources: PubMed (274 papers), arXiv (21 papers)


πŸ“‹ Data Format

Each instruction follows the ChatML format with rich metadata:

{
  "messages": [
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": "I have a BCS Class II compound with solubility 0.5 Β΅g/mL and LogP 4.2..."
    },
    {
      "role": "assistant",
      "content": "## Solubility Enhancement Strategy\n\n### Compound Profile:\n- **Solubility:** 0.5 Β΅g/mL (very poor)\n- **LogP:** 4.2 (lipophilic)\n..."
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "pillar": "formulation",
    "domain": "solubility enhancement",
    "skill_type": "requires-reasoning",
    "source": "formulation_knowledge_base",
    "difficulty": "expert"
  }
}

πŸ“Š Metadata Fields

Field Values Description
pillar discovery, formulation, synthesis, regulatory, literature, integration Primary domain
domain 30+ subdomains Specific topic area
skill_type requires-knowledge, requires-calculation, requires-reasoning, requires-decision Cognitive skill tested
difficulty basic, intermediate, advanced, expert Complexity level
source chembl, pubmed, arxiv, fda_orange_book, formulation_kb, etc. Data provenance

🎯 Quality Scoring System

Every instruction is scored across 8 dimensions:

Dimension Weight What It Measures
Response Depth 15% Length, detail, specific numbers, examples
Technical Richness 15% Domain terminology density, drug names, concentrations
Educational Structure 12% Headers, lists, bold terms, step-by-step format
Multi-Turn Engagement 12% Conversation depth, coherence across turns
Practical Applicability 15% Actionable advice, real-world context, decision-making
Domain Specificity 13% Pharmaceutical terminology concentration
Reasoning Complexity 8% Analytical vs. purely factual content
Formulation Depth 10% Formulation-specific knowledge (key differentiator)

πŸ† Grade Scale

Grade Score Description
A πŸ₯‡ β‰₯0.75 Excellent β€” deep, structured, technical, actionable
B πŸ₯ˆ β‰₯0.60 Good β€” solid content, some structure
C β‰₯0.45 Average β€” basic content, limited structure
D β‰₯0.30 Below average β€” thin content
F <0.30 Poor β€” not useful for fine-tuning

πŸ”¬ Evaluation Benchmarks

The dataset includes 32 evaluation questions across 5 categories:

Category Questions Difficulty
Knowledge Recall 5 Intermediate-Advanced
Reasoning 3 Expert
Formulation Design 3 Expert
Decision Making 2 Expert
Molecular Analysis 2 Advanced-Expert
Gold Tier (auto) 17 Expert

Run Evaluation

# Download benchmark
python -c "
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset('saidutta69/red-pill-drug-discovery-formulation', data_files='benchmarks/benchmark_suite.json')
ds['train'].to_json('benchmark_suite.json')
"

# Run evaluation (after generating model responses)
python benchmarks/evaluate.py \
    --responses your_model_responses.jsonl \
    --benchmark benchmark_suite.json

πŸš€ Recommended Fine-Tuning Setup

Base Model

Any Heretic-ablated model works:

Model Parameters License
p-e-w/llama-3-8b-it-heretic 8B Llama 3
p-e-w/mistral-7b-instruct-v0.3-heretic 7B Apache 2.0
p-e-w/qwen2-7b-instruct-heretic 7B Apache 2.0

Training Configuration

from transformers import TrainingArguments
from peft import LoraConfig

# LoRA config (recommended for Heretic models)
lora_config = LoraConfig(
    r=16,
    lora_alpha=32,
    target_modules=["q_proj", "v_proj", "k_proj", "o_proj"],
    lora_dropout=0.05,
    bias="none",
    task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
)

# Training args
training_args = TrainingArguments(
    output_dir="./red-pill-heretic",
    num_train_epochs=3,
    per_device_train_batch_size=4,
    gradient_accumulation_steps=8,
    learning_rate=2e-5,
    weight_decay=0.01,
    warmup_ratio=0.1,
    lr_scheduler_type="cosine",
    fp16=True,
    logging_steps=10,
    save_strategy="epoch",
)

⏱️ Expected Training Time

Dataset Time (Single GPU)
Gold tier (17 examples) ~5 minutes
Top tier (145 examples) ~30 minutes
Full dataset (1,047 examples) ~3 hours

πŸ“ˆ Data Sources & Provenance

Source Records Access
ChEMBL 35 498 drugs, 1,000 bioactivities Open API
PubMed 274 papers Open API
arXiv 21 papers (filtered from 83) Open API
ClinicalTrials.gov 109 trial records Open API
FDA Orange Book Formulation compositions Open CSV
Formulation Knowledge Base Expert-generated Synthetic
Drug Discovery Knowledge Base Expert-generated Synthetic

⚠️ Disclaimer

This dataset is for research purposes only. It should not be used as the sole basis for pharmaceutical decisions. Always consult qualified professionals for drug development activities.

The knowledge contained in this dataset reflects publicly available information and expert opinions. It may not represent the current state of the art in all areas.


πŸ“š Citation

@dataset{red_pill_2025,
  title={RED-PILL: Research Enhanced Dataset for Pharmaceutical Innovation in Learning and Language},
  author={Saidutta Abhishek Dash},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Hugging Face},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/saidutta69/red-pill-drug-discovery-formulation},
  description={Instruction-tuning dataset for drug discovery and formulation development.}
}

πŸ“„ License

Apache License 2.0


Built with πŸ”΄ by Saidutta

Fine-tune models that won't refuse your pharmaceutical R&D questions.


Made with HuggingFace
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