File size: 8,731 Bytes
a49046e
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

# MethaneSET-L89 Pretraining: Plume-Free Landsat 8/9 Scenes for Self-Supervised Learning

methaneset-l89-pretraining is the plume-free subset of MethaneSET-L89, designed for self-supervised pretraining of methane detection models. This subset contains Landsat 8/9 imagery from locations and time periods where no methane plumes were detected, providing clean background scenes for learning spectral representations of oil/gas infrastructure, geological features, and atmospheric conditions without methane signatures. Unlike MARS-S2L which provides only six common bands, MethaneSET retrieves all 9 Landsat OLI bands at 10m GSD (200x200 pixel chips), enabling research with coastal aerosol, cirrus, and panchromatic channels. Each sample includes target and reference image pairs, Cloud Score+ masks, wind vectors (ERA5-Land onshore, GEOS-FP offshore), solar/viewing geometry, elevation (Copernicus DEM GLO-30), and 64-dim AlphaEarth Foundation embeddings.
## Dataset Information

**Version**: 1.0.0

**License**: CC-BY-4.0

**Keywords**: methane, pretraining, self-supervised, remote-sensing, Landsat-8, Landsat-9, OLI, foundation-model, representation-learning, earth-observation, deep-learning

**Tasks**: regression, classification, segmentation

## Dataset Overview

**Partitions**: 37 files
**Spatial coverage**: [-121.91, -50.75, 151.42, 51.35] (WGS84)
**Temporal coverage**: 2018-01-05 to 2024-12-31

## Dataset Structure (Root-Sibling Uniform Tree)

**Root**: FOLDER (21,926 samples)

**Hierarchy**:

- Level 1: FILE → FILE → FILE (65,778 samples)

## Metadata Fields

### LEVEL0

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `id` | `string` | Unique sample identifier within parent scope. Must be unique among siblings. |
| `type` | `string` | Sample type discriminator (FILE or FOLDER). |
| `stac:crs` | `string` | Coordinate reference system (WKT2, EPSG, or PROJ) |
| `stac:tensor_shape` | `list<item: int64>` | Raster dimensions [bands, height, width] |
| `stac:geotransform` | `list<item: double>` | GDAL affine transform |
| `stac:time_start` | `timestamp[us]` | Start timestamp (μs since Unix epoch, UTC) |
| `stac:centroid` | `binary` | Center point in EPSG:4326 (WKB) |
| `stac:time_end` | `timestamp[us]` | End timestamp (μs since Unix epoch, UTC) |
| `stac:time_middle` | `timestamp[us]` | Middle timestamp (μs since Unix epoch, UTC) |
| `detection:isplume` | `bool` | Whether a methane plume is present |
| `detection:ch4_fluxrate` | `float` | Methane flux rate (kg/h) |
| `detection:ch4_fluxrate_std` | `float` | Standard deviation of flux rate |
| `detection:sector` | `string` | Emission sector (Oil and Gas, Coal, Waste, etc.) |
| `detection:offshore` | `bool` | Whether location is offshore |
| `detection:wind_source` | `string` | Wind data source (e.g. ERA5-Land, GEOS-FP) |
| `detection:case_study` | `string` | Case study area name (e.g. Permian Basin) |
| `satellite:platform` | `string` | Satellite platform (S2A, S2B, LC08, LC09) |
| `satellite:tile` | `string` | Product identifier |
| `satellite:vza` | `float` | Viewing zenith angle (degrees) |
| `satellite:sza` | `float` | Solar zenith angle (degrees) |
| `satellite:background_tile` | `string` | Reference image product identifier |
| `quality:percentage_clear` | `float` | Percentage of clear pixels (0-100) |
| `quality:observability` | `string` | Image quality classification |
| `quality:notified` | `bool` | Whether observation has been notified |
| `quality:last_update` | `string` | Last registry modification timestamp (ISO format) |
| `site:country` | `string` | Country of the emission source |
| `site:location_name` | `string` | Site location identifier |
| `meteo:wind_u` | `float` | U-component of wind at 10m (m/s) |
| `meteo:wind_v` | `float` | V-component of wind at 10m (m/s) |
| `split` | `string` | Dataset partition identifier (train, test, or validation) |
| `majortom:code` | `string` | MajorTOM spherical grid cell identifier (e.g., 0100km_0003U_0005R) with ~dist_km spacing |
| `geoenrich:elevation` | `float` | Mean elevation in meters (GLO-30 DEM) |
| `geoenrich:temperature` | `float` | Mean annual temperature in °C estimated from MODIS LST data |
| `geoenrich:population` | `float` | Population density from HRSL. Facebook High Resolution Settlement Layer |
| `geoenrich:admin_countries` | `string` | Country name at centroid location |
| `geoenrich:admin_states` | `string` | State/province name at centroid location |
| `geoenrich:admin_districts` | `string` | District/county name at centroid location |
| `internal:current_id` | `int64` | Current sample position at this level (0-indexed). Enables O(1) random access and relational JOINs (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT). |
| `internal:parent_id` | `int64` | Foreign key referencing parent sample position in previous level (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT). |

### LEVEL1

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `id` | `string` | Unique sample identifier within parent scope. Must be unique among siblings. |
| `type` | `string` | Sample type discriminator (FILE or FOLDER). |
| `geotiff:stats` | `list<item: list<item: float>>` | Per-band statistics (List[List[Float32]]): categorical mode returns class probabilities, continuous mode returns [min, max, mean, std, valid%, p25, p50, p75, p95] |
| `taco:header` | `binary` | Binary TACOTIFF header (35 bytes + tile counts) for fast reading without IFD parsing |
| `internal:current_id` | `int64` | Current sample position at this level (0-indexed). Enables O(1) random access and relational JOINs (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT). |
| `internal:parent_id` | `int64` | Foreign key referencing parent sample position in previous level (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT). |
| `internal:relative_path` | `string` | Relative path from DATA/ directory. Format: {parent_path}/{id} or {id} for level0 (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT). |


## Usage

### Python

```python
# pip install tacoreader
import tacoreader

ds = tacoreader.load("methaneset-l89-pretraining.tacozip")
print(f"ID: {ds.id}")
print(f"Version: {ds.version}")
print(f"Samples: {len(ds.data)}")
```

### R

```r
# Coming soon: R support is planned but not yet available
# install.packages("tacoreader")
library(tacoreader)

ds <- load_taco("methaneset-l89-pretraining.tacozip")
cat(sprintf("ID: %s\n", ds$id))
cat(sprintf("Version: %s\n", ds$version))
cat(sprintf("Samples: %d\n", nrow(ds$data)))
```

### Julia

```julia
# Coming soon: Julia support is planned but not yet available
# using Pkg; Pkg.add("TacoReader")
using TacoReader

ds = load_taco("methaneset-l89-pretraining.tacozip")
println("ID: ", ds.id)
println("Version: ", ds.version)
println("Samples: ", size(ds.data, 1))
```

## Data Providers

**UNEP IMEO** — *producer*

**Source Cooperative** — *host*


## Dataset Curators

| Name | Organization | Email |
|------|--------------|-------|
| Cesar Aybar | Universitat de València, Image and Signal Processing (ISP) Group | cesar.aybar@uv.es |

## Publications & Citations

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:


**DOI**: 10.48550/arXiv.2411.15452

Vaughan, A.*, Mateo-Garcia, G.*, Irakulis-Loitxate, I., Watine, M., Fernandez-Poblaciones, P., Turner, R. E., Requeima, J., Gorroño, J., Randles, C., Caltagirone, M., &amp; Cifarelli, C.* (2024). AI for operational methane emitter monitoring from space. arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.15452.

*Operational MARS-S2L system for global methane monitoring from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9.*

---

**DOI**: 10.48550/arXiv.2511.21777

Vaughan, A.*, Mateo-Garcia, G.*, Irakulis-Loitxate, I., Watine, M., Fernandez-Poblaciones, P., Turner, R. E., Requeima, J., Gorroño, J., Randles, C., Caltagirone, M., &amp; Cifarelli, C.* (2024). Artificial intelligence for methane detection: from continuous monitoring to verified mitigation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.21777.

*Extended operational deployment demonstrating 1,015 stakeholder notifications across 20 countries and verified permanent mitigation of six persistent emitters.*

---

**DOI**: 10.5194/essd-13-4349-2021

Muñoz-Sabater, J., et al. (2021). ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis. Earth System Science Data, 13, 4349-4383.

---

**DOI**: 10.1029/2014JD022685

Lucchesi, R. (2013). GEOS-5 FP (Forward Processing) File Specification. NASA GMAO Technical Report.

---

### BibTeX

```bibtex
@dataset{methaneset-l89-pretraining1,
  title = {MethaneSET-L89 Pretraining: Plume-Free Landsat 8/9 Scenes for Self-Supervised Learning},
  author = {Cesar Aybar},
  year = {2018},
  version = {1.0.0},
  publisher = {Universitat de València, Image and Signal Processing (ISP) Group}
}
```

---

Generated with ❤️ using [TacoToolbox](https://github.com/tacotoolbox/tacotoolbox) v0.26.9