# MethanePlumeBank: Synthetic Methane Plume Bank from WRF-LES Simulations

Synthetic methane plume bank generated from WRF-LES 4.7.0 atmospheric simulations (Gorroño et al., Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.18161182). Contains 1,064,448 ΔXCH4 maps [mol/mol] at 20m resolution spanning 11 wind speeds, 12 wind directions, 9 multisource and 5 areasource plume geometries, 3 temporal snapshots, 8 Solar Zenith Angles, and 24 Solar Azimuth Angles. All plumes are normalized to a reference emission rate of 3000 kg/h and scale linearly. Intended for synthetic data augmentation in satellite-based methane plume detection models.
## Dataset Information

**Version**: 2.0.0

**License**: CC-BY-4.0

**Keywords**: methane, plume-detection, synthetic-data, WRF-LES, Sentinel-2, Landsat, EMIT, remote-sensing, earth-observation, data-augmentation, greenhouse-gas

**Tasks**: regression, segmentation

## Dataset Overview

**Partitions**: 8 files
**Spatial coverage**: [-180.00, -90.00, 180.00, 90.00] (WGS84)

## Dataset Structure (Root-Sibling Uniform Tree)

**Root**: FILE (1,064,448 samples)


## Metadata Fields

### LEVEL0

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `id` | `string` | Unique sample identifier within parent scope. Must be unique among siblings. |
| `type` | `string` | Sample type discriminator (FILE or FOLDER). |
| `simulation:source_type` | `string` | Simulation type: 'multi' (point sources) or 'area' (distributed) |
| `simulation:wind_speed` | `float` | Geostrophic wind speed [m/s] |
| `simulation:wind_dir` | `int16` | Wind direction [degrees, 0=North] |
| `simulation:plume_id` | `int8` | Plume identifier (multi: 1-9, area: 1-5) |
| `simulation:snapshot` | `int16` | WRF-LES snapshot index (70, 90, or 110) |
| `simulation:sza` | `int8` | Solar Zenith Angle [degrees] |
| `simulation:saa` | `int16` | Solar Azimuth Angle [degrees, 0=North] |
| `simulation:q_ref` | `float` | Reference emission rate [kg/h] — scale linearly for other rates |
| `internal:current_id` | `int64` | Current sample position at this level (0-indexed). Enables O(1) random access and relational JOINs (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT). |
| `internal:parent_id` | `int64` | Foreign key referencing parent sample position in previous level (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT). |


## Usage

### Python

```python
# pip install tacoreader
import tacoreader

ds = tacoreader.load("methane-plume-bank.tacozip")
print(f"ID: {ds.id}")
print(f"Version: {ds.version}")
print(f"Samples: {len(ds.data)}")
```

### R

```r
# Coming soon: R support is planned but not yet available
# install.packages("tacoreader")
library(tacoreader)

ds <- load_taco("methane-plume-bank.tacozip")
cat(sprintf("ID: %s\n", ds$id))
cat(sprintf("Version: %s\n", ds$version))
cat(sprintf("Samples: %d\n", nrow(ds$data)))
```

### Julia

```julia
# Coming soon: Julia support is planned but not yet available
# using Pkg; Pkg.add("TacoReader")
using TacoReader

ds = load_taco("methane-plume-bank.tacozip")
println("ID: ", ds.id)
println("Version: ", ds.version)
println("Samples: ", size(ds.data, 1))
```

## Data Providers

**Image and Signal Processing Group (ISP-UV)** — *producer*

**LARS-UPV** — *producer*


## Dataset Curators

| Name | Organization | Email |
|------|--------------|-------|
| Cesar Aybar | Image and Signal Processing Group, University of Valencia | csaybar@uv.es |

## Publications & Citations

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:


**DOI**: 10.5281/zenodo.18161182

Gorroño, J., Pei, Z., &amp; Guanter, L. (2025). Benchmark simulations for methane emissions validation and sensitivity studies. Zenodo.

*Source WRF-LES simulations used to generate the plume bank.*

---

**DOI**: 10.5194/egusphere-2025-4924

Gorroño, J., et al. (2025). Considering the observation and illumination angular configuration for improved methane detection. EGUsphere.

*Describes the parallax correction methodology applied during projection.*

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### BibTeX

```bibtex
@dataset{methane-plume-bank2,
  title = {MethanePlumeBank: Synthetic Methane Plume Bank from WRF-LES Simulations},
  author = {Cesar Aybar},
  year = {2024},
  version = {2.0.0},
  publisher = {Image and Signal Processing Group, University of Valencia}
}
```

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