TACO DATASET DOCUMENTATION

methaneset-s2-finetune

v1.0.0 methaneset-s2-finetune CC-BY-4.0

Description

Landsat 8/9 plume scenes for supervised methane detection, each with the original target scene (MARS-S2L) and four clean backgrounds of the same site.

Samples

Every sample is one plume id, a FOLDER with eight leaves:

| leaf | what it is | |---|---| | target | the Landsat scene with the plume (from MARS-S2L) | | bg0 | the background that MARS itself selected for that target (the original reference) | | bg1, bg2, bg3 | three extra clean backgrounds, curated here | | ch4 | the MBMP enhancement of the target (from MARS) | | plume | binary plume mask of the target | | dem | Copernicus GLO-30 elevation |

Backgrounds

bg0 is the single background that comes with the MARS-S2L pair. bg1 to bg3 are three extra backgrounds that we curate for every target, with the same MARS method: query Landsat 8 and 9 together within ±120 days (before or after), filter by cloud and constellation, discard the target's own pass, and keep the three most similar by the MARS metric on methane-insensitive bands (B2, B3, B4, B6). When ±120 days does not yield 40 candidates, the pool is filled with the same day-of-year ±45 days up to two years back. All four backgrounds are clean of methane.

Columns

All columns describe the target unless prefixed bg:, which describe the four backgrounds (bg:sensor0 to bg:sensor3, and so on).

Some columns are constant in this dataset and are kept for compatibility: detection:offshore is always False (onshore plumes only) and quality:observability is clear for all but three samples. detection:isplume was always True and is not shipped as a column.

Dataset Overview

20 partitions

Spatial Coverage

Click on any region to view partition details

Keywords

methane landsat background plume taco

ML Tasks

detection

TACO Structure (Root-Sibling Uniform Tree)

Hierarchical structure showing representative samples across levels. The "..." notation indicates additional samples following the same pattern. All samples at the same level share identical structure (RSUT constraint).

Hierarchy Details

Level Types Total Samples Sample IDs (preview)
Level 0 All FOLDER 3,603 Root level samples
Level 1 FILE + FILE + FILE + FILE + FILE + FILE + FILE + FILE 28,824 target, bg0, bg1...

Metadata Fields by Level

These fields are available for querying with SQL when using TacoReader.

LEVEL0 (58 fields)
Field Name Type Description
id string Unique sample identifier within parent scope. Must be unique among siblings.
type string Sample type discriminator (FILE or FOLDER).
detection:case_study string Case study region (e.g. Turkmenistan, Algeria)
detection:ch4_fluxrate double Emission rate of the plume estimated by MARS [kg/h]
detection:ch4_fluxrate_std double Uncertainty of detection:ch4_fluxrate [kg/h]
detection:isplume bool detection:isplume
detection:offshore bool Whether the source is offshore. Always False in this dataset
detection:sector string Economic sector of the source (Oil and Gas, Coal)
detection:wind_source string Reanalysis used for the wind: ERA5-Land onshore, GEOS-FP offshore
geoenrich:admin_countries string Administrative country (may repeat site:country)
geoenrich:admin_districts string Administrative district
geoenrich:admin_states string Administrative state or province
geoenrich:elevation double Elevation of the emission point, Copernicus GLO-30 [m]
geoenrich:population double Mean population density around the emission point (HRSL)
geoenrich:temperature double Mean climate temperature at the site [K]
majortom:code string Internal identifier of the MARS scene
meteo:wind_u double Eastward wind component at the emission point [m/s]
meteo:wind_v double Northward wind component at the emission point [m/s]
plume:geometry string Plume polygon of the target in WKT/WKB, EPSG:4326
quality:last_update string Last update of the MARS record
quality:notified bool Whether the emitter was notified upstream
quality:observability string MARS observability tag: clear or bad_retrieval
quality:percentage_clear double MARS cloud-clear fraction of the target scene [%]
target:sensor string Satellite of the target scene: LC08 (Landsat 8) or LC09 (Landsat 9)
target:sza double Solar zenith angle of the target [deg]
target:tile string Landsat granule id of the target scene
target:vza double Viewing zenith angle of the target [deg]
site:country string Country of the emission source
site:location_name string Site name of the emission source
split string train / validation / test split inherited from MARS-S2L, grouped by emitter
stac:crs string CRS of the chip (local UTM)
stac:geotransform string GeoTransform of the chip: 10 m pixels, 200 x 200
stac:tensor_shape string Shape of the chip: 11 bands, 200 rows, 200 columns
stac:time_start string Acquisition time of the target scene
bg:date0 string Acquisition date of bg0
bg:sensor0 string Satellite of bg0 (the MARS reference): LC08 or LC09
bg:tile0 string Landsat granule id of bg0 (the MARS reference)
bg:sensor1 string Satellite of bg1: LC08 or LC09
bg:date1 string Acquisition date of bg1
bg:cloud1 double Cloud and shadow fraction of bg1 (OmniCloudMask)
bg:difference1 double MARS similarity of bg1 to the target (lower is more similar)
bg:methane1 double Fraction of bg1 pixels with a methane enhancement of its own
bg:sensor2 string Satellite of bg2: LC08 or LC09
bg:date2 string Acquisition date of bg2
bg:cloud2 double Cloud and shadow fraction of bg2 (OmniCloudMask)
bg:difference2 double MARS similarity of bg2 to the target (lower is more similar)
bg:methane2 double Fraction of bg2 pixels with a methane enhancement of its own
bg:sensor3 string Satellite of bg3: LC08 or LC09
bg:date3 string Acquisition date of bg3
bg:cloud3 double Cloud and shadow fraction of bg3 (OmniCloudMask)
bg:difference3 double MARS similarity of bg3 to the target (lower is more similar)
bg:methane3 double Fraction of bg3 pixels with a methane enhancement of its own
emission:lat double Latitude of the emission point [deg]
emission:lon double Longitude of the emission point [deg]
target:cloud double Cloud and shadow fraction of the target chip (OmniCloudMask)
bg:cloud0 double Cloud and shadow fraction of bg0 (OmniCloudMask)
internal:current_id int64 Current sample position at this level (0-indexed). Enables O(1) random access and relational JOINs (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT).
internal:parent_id int64 Foreign key referencing parent sample position in previous level (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT).
LEVEL1 (7 fields)
Field Name Type Description
id string Unique sample identifier within parent scope. Must be unique among siblings.
type string Sample type discriminator (FILE or FOLDER).
geotiff:stats list<item: list<item: float>> Per-band statistics (List[List[Float32]]): categorical mode returns class probabilities, continuous mode returns [min, max, mean, std, valid%, p25, p50, p75, p95]
taco:header binary Binary TACOTIFF header (35 bytes + tile counts) for fast reading without IFD parsing
internal:current_id int64 Current sample position at this level (0-indexed). Enables O(1) random access and relational JOINs (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT).
internal:parent_id int64 Foreign key referencing parent sample position in previous level (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT).
internal:relative_path string Relative path from DATA/ directory. Format: {parent_path}/{id} or {id} for level0 (ZIP, FOLDER, TACOCAT).

Loading the Dataset

# pip install tacoreader
import tacoreader

# Load dataset
ds = tacoreader.load("/data/databases/METHANESET_TACOS/methaneset-s2-finetune/.tacocat")

# Basic info
print(f"ID: {ds.id}")
print(f"Version: {ds.version}")
print(f"Samples: {len(ds.data)}")

Providers & Curators

Data Providers

Image and Signal Processing Group (ISP-UV) producer
UNEP IMEO, MARS (background pairs) licensor

Publications & Citations

How to Cite This Dataset

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:

No publications specified

BibTeX

@dataset{methaneset-s2-finetune1,
  title = {methaneset-s2-finetune},
  author = {Unknown},
  year = {2024},
  version = {1.0.0},
  publisher = {Unknown}
}