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pubmedcausal_21869 | Increased birth weight appears to be a risk factor for later manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis due to both fetal genetic components and high BMI persisting into adulthood. Approaches to prevent and minimise the risk of rheumatoid arthritis could include preventing obesity in adults with high birth weight | [
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pubmedcausal_18730 | The study revealed that the serious game changed the behavioral intention of adolescents and adults regarding lifestyle-related diseases, and changes in perceived behavioral control mediated the alteration mechanism | [
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pubmedcausal_27781 | The results of this study suggest that decreased appendicular lean mass, grip strength, and walking speed increase the risk of KOA and decreased appendicular lean mass increases the risk of HOA in patients with sarcopenia in a European population. Obesity plays a mediator role in the occurrence of KOA due to appendicul... | [
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pubmedcausal_8455 | Mental health was perceived as the same of emotional well-being. It conceptualized not only lack of mental disorder but also sense of satisfaction and healthy functioning. According to participant's view, the causal pathway of mental health problems were classified to individual, familial and social factors. Physical a... | [
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pubmedcausal_20411 | This research sheds light on the causal impact of gut microbiota on respiratory tuberculosis susceptibility, improving our knowledge of therapeutic strategies for managing TB | [
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pubmedcausal_824 | RTAs are a major cause of MFT in the southern region of Saudi. These accidents cause a heavy burden on the health care sector | [
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pubmedcausal_26949 | The study discovered some blood metabolites causally linked to EHT, which might lead to new understandings of the pathophysiology of hypertension | [
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pubmedcausal_26178 | Our MR analyses revealed a genetic causal relationship between reduced blood eosinophils and an increased CRC risk in both Europeans and East Asians. Furthermore, our results suggested a causal association between decreased basophils and an elevated GC risk specifically in East Asians | [
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pubmedcausal_3624 | Alcohol consumption has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease and various health abnormalities such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver abnormalities. While the link between these health abnormalities and periodontal disease has been established, their potential mediating role in the association be... | [
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pubmedcausal_23427 | Public hospital reform can effectively improve the health inequality situation among Chinese residents. The reform significantly reduces household medical expenses, increases healthy leisure consumption, promotes the upgrading of family health consumption structure, and lowers the health inequality index. In terms of i... | [
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pubmedcausal_26096 | This study demonstrated a causal relationship between gut microbiota and osteomyelitis by Mendelian randomization. We hope that this study will provide a new direction for the treatment of osteomyelitis, which has a paucity of therapeutic options | [
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pubmedcausal_15021 | Withdrawal from chronic cocaine use leads to anxiety and dysphoria that may perpetuate habitual drug use. The pain circuit is widely implicated in the processing and manifestations of negative emotions. Numerous studies have focused on characterizing reward circuit dysfunction but relatively little is known about the p... | [
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pubmedcausal_16183 | During hunger, as compared to satiety, we found increased excitation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex over the ventral striatum and hypothalamus, suggesting enhanced top-down modulation compensating energy depletion. Increased BMI was associated with increased excitation of the anterior insula over the hypothalamu... | [
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pubmedcausal_18155 | Ulceration in all subgroups were shown to have a significantly negative impact on MSS and its magnitude of effect was monotonically decreased as the disease progressed. The true effect of ulceration can be adjusted by MSAS and its correctness was validated through a variety of approaches | [
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pubmedcausal_8983 | Compared with controls, increasing endogenous glutamate in the insula with PDC caused sustained decreases in mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and thermal paw withdrawal latency, increased aversion to noxious mechanical stimulation, and a decrease in IENFD. Cold reactivity was not altered by PDC administration | [
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pubmedcausal_26231 | This study elucidates the causal connections between specific interleukins, their receptors and ARDS, contributing significantly to the understanding of ARDS pathogenesis. These findings offer a foundation for further research and potential therapeutic interventions targeting these interleukins and receptors in ARDS ma... | [
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pubmedcausal_27787 | Our study provides compelling evidence supporting a causal relationship between psoriasis and AS. Furthermore, the identified hub genes and immune-related pathways may play an important role in the development of both diseases | [
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pubmedcausal_27002 | This study established a causal link between gut microbiota and GERD/BE, and identified the probable mediators. It offers new insights into the role of gut microbiota in the development and progression of GERD and BE in the host | [
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pubmedcausal_27941 | ADR monitoring in the psychiatry setting by a multidisciplinary team helps recognize the initial signs of ADRs, contributing to better compliance. Hospital-based reporting programs or data-capturing tools will aid in the spontaneous and active assessment of ADRs by healthcare practitioners | [
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pubmedcausal_15744 | Engagement activities increased level of community engagement amongst key leaders, the school-sector and community members. Community-led action increased as engagement increased and this action is mapped directly to the primary point of influence on the CLD. As action spread diversified across the CLD, the geographica... | [
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pubmedcausal_20110 | This MR analysis indicates that there exists a beneficial or detrimental causal effect of gut microbiota composition on IAs | [
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pubmedcausal_21161 | Our comprehensive study indicated that regular NBB use is associated with an increased risk of PD. In light of the detrimental effects of NBBs on PD, some people should choose alternative antihypertensive treatments | [
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pubmedcausal_25900 | Our findings revealed significant causal associations between KOA and eight brain-wide volumes: Left parahippocampal volume, Right posterior cingulate volume, Left transverse temporal volume, Left caudal anterior cingulate volume, Right paracentral volume, Left paracentral volume, Right lateral orbitofrontal volume, an... | [
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pubmedcausal_28943 | Our data confirm that surgical OLB may have an important impact on the management of patients with ARDS of unknown etiology after extensive diagnostic process. The procedure can be performed at the bedside, is safe, and has a high diagnostic yield leading to major changes in management, including withdrawal of vital su... | [
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pubmedcausal_27450 | This MR study exhibited a positive cause-and-effect relationship between any type of OA and bladder cancer risk, but not between site-specific OA, knee OA and hip OA, and bladder cancer. Attention should be paid to the screening and prevention of bladder cancer in OA patients at any site | [
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pubmedcausal_4322 | Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic approaches | [
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pubmedcausal_8275 | These results suggest that in stroke patients without SVD, disability is an important causal factor for depression, whereas in SVD stroke, other factors specific to this stroke subtype have a causal role. White matter damage detected on DTI is one factor that mediates the association between SVD and depression | [
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pubmedcausal_23136 | A rare genetic variant in the gene MTTP has been identified as responsible for the development of severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a four-generation family with no typical disease risk factors. A cell line culture created harbouring this variant gene was characterised to understand how this genetic variation... | [
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pubmedcausal_12236 | Goals-of-care discussions by different types of clinicians commonly precede end-of-life care in hospital or hospice. However, engagement with specialty palliative care reduced in-hospital death and increased hospice referral. Understanding the causal pathways of goals-of-care discussions may help build primary palliati... | [
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pubmedcausal_4349 | Smoking and high BMI decrease the odds of bDMARD treatment success in axSpA. Rheumatologists should consider referral to smoking cessation and/or weight management interventions at the time of commencing therapy, to enhance treatment response. The relationship between alcohol and treatment response is unlikely to be ca... | [
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pubmedcausal_13510 | Sialorrhea is common in children with neurological disorders and leads to social isolation, aspiration pneumonia and increased caregiver burden. Sialorrhea management includes anticholinergic medications and a variety of surgeries, but these are limited by side effects, recurrence and risks | [
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pubmedcausal_11578 | Although the study design does not allow for causal inferences, substantial associations among subjectively and objectively assessed data on music listening were found to differentially affect the experience of stress after music listening. In particular, when focusing on the temporal dynamics, objectively assessed dat... | [
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pubmedcausal_7876 | Because of the observational research design of this study, caution is warranted in any causal interpretation of the findings. Portions of the study relied on prior literature, government reports, and assumptions to extrapolate the national medical cost savings | [
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pubmedcausal_9076 | Death records are a crucial tool in studies on mortality in schizophrenia patients; however they are insufficiently employed. Recent European reports do not show positive tendencies, indicating that standardized mortality rates in schizophrenia remain on the same level or even increase, particularly for deaths resultin... | [
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pubmedcausal_14853 | Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for one million deaths annually. Greater understanding of the causal risk factors is needed, especially in large urban centers | [
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pubmedcausal_21969 | AI could significantly ease some of the most time-consuming and labor-intensive steps of signal detection and validation. The AI-based approach showed promising results, however, future work is needed to validate the framework | [
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pubmedcausal_6969 | Genetic hypertension risk algorithms could be developed in the future but may be of limited benefit due to the multi-factorial nature of EH. With emerging technologies, like next-generation sequencing, more direct causal relationships between genetic and epigenetic factors affecting EH will likely be discovered creatin... | [
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pubmedcausal_17818 | Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterised by a reduced ability of the heart to pump blood. Patients with heart failure have a high mortality rate, and physicians need reliable prognostic predictions to make informed decisions about the appropriate application of devices, transplantation, medications, and palli... | [
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pubmedcausal_12619 | It is important to provide nursing education on the development of discriminative nursing care and its associated complications. Nurses should understand the nature, components, and the process of discriminative care. Understanding discrimination improves the action of nurses | [
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pubmedcausal_481 | Current drug supply chain management in Uganda is characterized by parallel processes and information systems that result in poor quality and inefficiencies. Less than expected health system performance, stock outs and other shortages affect ART and primary care in general. Poor performance of supply chain management i... | [
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pubmedcausal_6906 | These findings provide novel causal evidence that T rapidly potentiates the response of neural circuits mediating threat processing and aggressive behavior in men | [
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pubmedcausal_12534 | The present study provides strong evidence to support a causal effect of higher dairy intake on increased BMI among adults | [
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pubmedcausal_14168 | Liver metabolite concentrations have the potential to be key biomarkers of systemic metabolic dysfunction and overall health. However, for most conditions we do not know the extent to which genetic differences regulate susceptibility to metabolic responses. This limits our ability to detect and diagnose effects in hete... | [
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pubmedcausal_26060 | These results highlighted the causal effects of chemokines on lung cancer and suggested a mediating role of smoking behavior in the association between chemokines and lung cancer | [
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pubmedcausal_1725 | Air pollution is a known asthma trigger and has been associated with short-term asthma symptoms, airway inflammation, decreased lung function, and reduced response to asthma rescue medications | [
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pubmedcausal_25212 | Our study provides evidence for a causal link between IDD and atherosclerosis, suggesting that interventions targeting atherosclerosis could have potential benefits for reducing the risk of IDD. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms that link these two conditions and to investigate potential t... | [
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pubmedcausal_3946 | Cadmium exposure increases the risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation appear to partially mediate this adverse effect. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions to reduce cadmium-related mortality risks | [
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pubmedcausal_17608 | Gestational anemia, most commonly caused by iron deficiency, may increase the risk of maternal anxiety and depression and have a potentially far-reaching impact on mother's and newborn's health. Several mechanisms, such as effects of iron deficiency on cerebral neurotransmitter metabolism, have been suggested. None of ... | [
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pubmedcausal_8734 | Urinary tract infection is the most common complication after kidney transplantation. It can cause severe sepsis and transplant loss. Emergence of drug resistance among gram-negative urinary pathogens is the current challenge for urinary tract infection treatment after kidney transplantation | [
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pubmedcausal_23595 | Uric acid as a prominent causal factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension is well recognized. Nevertheless, the influence of uric acid on the transition from prehypertension to hypertension within the Chinese population remains understudied | [
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pubmedcausal_7452 | Threat and positive information significantly increased and decreased fear beliefs and avoidance behaviour respectively. Approach-avoidance training was successful in training the desired behavioural responses but had limited effects on fear-related responses. Verbal information and both combined conditions resulted in... | [
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pubmedcausal_11261 | Higher loneliness is associated with poorer cognitive function at baseline and contributes to a worsening in memory and verbal fluency over a decade. These factors seem, however, to be partially intertwined, since baseline memory and its rate of decline also contribute to an increase in loneliness over time | [
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pubmedcausal_27138 | This study provides strong evidence supporting a positive causal relationship between genetically predicted GDM and the increased risk of offspring CP, with no observed correlation found with ASD or EP | [
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pubmedcausal_594 | AVB in patients with AMI is usually reversible. Therefore, permanent pacemaker implantation should be delayed in cases of AMI. AVB in patients with CAD other than AMI is usually irreversible | [
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pubmedcausal_26541 | Our findings underscore the significant causal relationships between specific lipidomic traits and the risk of developing various digestive system cancers, highlighting the potential of lipid profiles in informing cancer prevention and treatment strategies. These results reinforce the value of MR in unraveling complex ... | [
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pubmedcausal_25903 | These data offer further support for the existence of a causal association of MetS with kidney failure. It is thus vital that MetS be effectively managed in patients with CKD in clinical settings, particularly for patients with hypertension or a high waist circumference who are obese. Adequate interventions in these pa... | [
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pubmedcausal_28323 | Review scientific evidences have consistently demonstrated that GR function is impaired in major depression, resulting in reduced GR-mediated negative feedback on the HPA axis and increased production and secretion of CRF in various brain regions postulated to be involved in the causality of depression | [
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pubmedcausal_15734 | Eighteen community-dwelling adults with chronic low back pain or chronic pain due to osteoarthritis participated in four focus groups. Participants were asked open-ended questions about their pain experience, pain-related beliefs, meaning of pain, and the perceived association between pain and their meaning in life and... | [
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pubmedcausal_4028 | Our research examined the causal relationship between plasma proteins and gastric cancer, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets. These findings have significant implications for the development of early diagnostic markers and targeted therapies for GC, potentially improving patient outcomes and survival rates... | [
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pubmedcausal_770 | The long-term unemployed carry a markedly higher burden of disease, particularly mental illness, than employed persons and those who are unemployed only for a short time. The burden of disease increases with the duration of unemployment. The vicious circle of unemployment and disease can be broken only by the combined ... | [
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pubmedcausal_22830 | Sepsis, the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients globally, was investigated in this study, examining the varying effects of positive fluid balance on sepsis subtypes through causal inference | [
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pubmedcausal_10895 | By controlling for time-varying confounding affected by prior exposure, a key feature of occupational cohorts, we were able to provide evidence for a causal effect of straight MWF exposure on colon cancer risk that was not found using standard analytical techniques in previous reports | [
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pubmedcausal_18686 | The growth of social networking has created a paradigm in which many forms of personal communication are being replaced by internet communication technologies, such as social media. This has led to social issues, such as cyberbullying. In response, researchers are investigating cyberbullying to determine its implicatio... | [
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pubmedcausal_19904 | Although entrapment is key in the pathways leading to suicidal ideation over time periods of months, our results suggest that entrapment may also account for the emergence of suicidal thoughts across time periods spanning a few hours | [
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pubmedcausal_29236 | During the last decade, the beneficial changes in lifestyle and in medical care increased average life expectancy, particularly in patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Unfortunately this also increased the number of patients, particularly among the elderly, who are susceptible... | [
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pubmedcausal_22485 | Mungbean is a vital pulse crop in India that can thrive in dry-land conditions and is grown in three seasons, with the added benefit of being used as green manure due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Recently, pod rot disease has emerged as a serious threat to mungbean cultivation in India | [] |
pubmedcausal_5949 | We found that CVTMLE vastly improves confidence interval coverage without adversely affecting bias, particularly in settings with small sample sizes and near-positivity violations. Furthermore, incorporating regression trees using standard TMLE with ensemble super learner-based initial estimates increases bias and redu... | [
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pubmedcausal_21695 | Healthy lifestyle behaviors, school-supportive settings, and positive individual development assets can enhance the subjective well-being of adolescents in southwest China, especially those whose parents were absent. Physical activity interventions informed by the PYD framework should be incorporated into public health... | [
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pubmedcausal_21061 | Our data demonstrate that EPB is causally associated with an elevated risk of CES and LAS, and that pulmonary dysfunction mediates the causal impact of EPB on CES and LAS | [
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pubmedcausal_17418 | The employed mediation analyses were cross-sectional in nature, limiting any firm conclusions regarding causality | [
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pubmedcausal_2707 | A strong association between major depression and suicide was observed after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics. When hopelessness was added to the analysis, the depression-suicide relationship was significantly decreased in all the six regression models | [
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pubmedcausal_10887 | The health exception is a valuable tool for expanding access to legal abortion. Differences in the use of the health exception as an indication for legal abortion result in wide access for women in Britain to nearly no access in Mexican states. Our findings highlight the difference between theoretical and real access t... | [
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pubmedcausal_11879 | Genome-wide association study hits revealed an association between BAV and genetic variation in human primary cilia. The most associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in or near genes that are important in regulating ciliogenesis through the exocyst, a shuttling complex that chaperones cilia cargo to ... | [
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pubmedcausal_20870 | The causal pathways between SDOH and transplant outcomes are poorly understood. This is partially due to the unstandardized and incomplete capture of the complex interactions between patients, their neighborhood environments, the tertiary care system, and structural factors that impact access and outcomes. Designing st... | [
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pubmedcausal_17789 | In conclusion, our study identified a causal relationship between RA and AAS, with a small proportion of the effect mediated by CRP, but a majority of the effect of RA on AAS remains unclear. Further research is needed on additional risk factors as potential mediators. In clinical practice, lesions of the upper cervica... | [
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pubmedcausal_22800 | Our study provides observational and causal evidences that depression can lead to sarcopenia. This finding emphasizes the importance of timely identification and management of depression, as well as implementing targeted educational programs as part of comprehensive strategies to prevent sarcopenia | [
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pubmedcausal_26909 | After applying accepted criteria for testing the causality of associations, most observed primary care comorbidity is due to chance, likely as a result of increasing illness diversity | [
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pubmedcausal_119 | Longer duration of CD is associated with a higher risk of glucose intolerance and/or diabetes. The overweight/obesity presented in the majority of patients increases the risk of secondary hypertension in CD. However, the efficacy of transsphenoidal surgery does not depend directly on either disease duration or type of ... | [
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pubmedcausal_22066 | Our data show that choline increases VHD or MI risk, carnitine increases the risk of MI or HF, and phosphatidylcholine increases HF risk. These findings suggest the possibility that decrease in choline level in circulation may be able to reduce overall VHD or MI risk, reduce in carnitine level could be decrease MI and ... | [
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pubmedcausal_27098 | Overall, our results demonstrate a causal relationship between intestinal and skin flora and scabies and are consistent with previous observational findings. This will contribute to the future development of probiotic agents for the prevention or treatment of scabies | [
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pubmedcausal_29697 | There remains an urgent need to further improve safety in rugby union and rugby league. Scrummage in union and tackles in league remain the leading causes of tetraplegia. Rates of tetraplegia were significantly higher and more variable in rugby union than in rugby league | [
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pubmedcausal_29057 | The study confirmed that parental and familial positive history of psychiatric disorders puts the individual at higher risk for developing psychiatric illness or alcohol or drug dependence disorder. Psychiatric heredity might not be necessary for the individual who was exposed to severe combat-related events to develop... | [
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pubmedcausal_14899 | Combination therapy was associated with lower all-cause mortality, CV mortality and CHF-related mortality, but earlier transition to HD compared with PD alone, which might be due to better fluid removal by HD | [
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pubmedcausal_7383 | Children denied Medicaid for inability to document citizenship were likely to be US citizens, were medically and socially more vulnerable than their peers, and went on to have gaps in health insurance coverage and unmet health care needs. The DRA led to persistent loss of insurance coverage, which decreased access to n... | [
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pubmedcausal_15283 | These findings provide evidence for a causal link between smoking and the risk of SAH | [
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pubmedcausal_21506 | EEN is associated with decreased risk of SA-AKI, and this beneficial effect may be proportionally mediated by IVF volume | [
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] |
pubmedcausal_9345 | The healthier trend of declining MetS severity in adolescents appeared to be due to favorable increases in HDL and decreases in fasting triglyceride measurements. These were in turn associated with favorable changes in dietary patterns among US adolescents. Future studies should investigate the causality of dietary dif... | [
[
84,
161
],
[
0,
61
]
] |
pubmedcausal_20956 | Adverse drug reactions are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in all patients. Information regarding adverse drug reactions in the pediatric age group, especially with regard to the drugs involved and the clinical presentations is scanty. The aim of our study is to determine the incidence of adverse drug rea... | [
[
0,
22
],
[
63,
88
]
] |
pubmedcausal_23003 | Chronic inflammatory cells have been reported in age-related macular degeneration choroid blood vessels and in bladder submucosal and detrusor layers in IC patients. Studies in IC and maculopathies demonstrate a significant milieu of activated chronic inflammatory and immunologic responses that cause a more "leaky" epi... | [
[
302,
327
],
[
244,
264
],
[
334,
375
]
] |
pubmedcausal_16271 | Our results showed a causal relationship between quadriceps tendon stiffness and gait speed in patients with severe knee OA. Quadriceps tendon Young's modulus can affect gait speed through the maximum knee flexion angle during the swing phase, cadence, and step length. Adding therapeutic intervention to decrease the qu... | [
[
49,
76
],
[
81,
123
]
] |
pubmedcausal_5686 | To confirm the causal relationship between cigarette smoking and metabolic diseases, and to investigate the possible mediating effect of gut microbiota on these connections | [
[
43,
60
],
[
65,
83
]
] |
pubmedcausal_22442 | The current studies are still inadequate in terms of comparability due to their heterogeneity, cue-reactivity can be conducted in the future by constructing a standard library of smoking cue materials. Causal analysis is suggested in order to adequately screen for causes of addiction persistence, and further explore th... | [
[
0,
66
]
] |
pubmedcausal_6194 | This study provides robust evidence of a causal relationship between Bifidobacteriaceae and a decreased risk of migraine. Furthermore, we identify HLA-DR on monocytes as a key inflammatory mediator in the protective effect of Prevotella against migraine with aura. These findings highlight the potential of gut microbiot... | [
[
69,
87
],
[
92,
120
],
[
226,
236
]
] |
pubmedcausal_25222 | Exposure to work-related offensive behaviors was associated with SA due to CMDs. However, the results indicated that these associations may be partly confounded by familial factors. In addition, an interaction between exposure and neuroticism was suggested. Thus, when possible, future studies investigating associations... | [
[
75,
79
],
[
65,
67
]
] |
pubmedcausal_27068 | The study provides new evidence for the causal relationship between smoking-related features and esophageal cancer and proposes immune factors with potential mediating effects. However, this finding needs to be further demonstrated by more extensive clinical studies | [
[
68,
92
],
[
97,
114
]
] |
pubmedcausal_18271 | We demonstrate a significant reduction in PA with early peanut introduction in a large group of pooled, randomized participants. This significant reduction was demonstrated across all risk subgroups, including children with no eczema. Furthermore, our results point to increased efficacy of the intervention with earlier... | [
[
269,
307
]
] |
pubmedcausal_3612 | The direct balancing approach to weighting should be given strong consideration in empirical research due to its robustness and transparency in building weighting estimators | [
[
109,
173
],
[
0,
101
]
] |
pubmedcausal_15376 | Acute IR induced mitochondrial oxidative stress that impaired mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Improving mitochondrial function has important potential for treating acute IR | [
[
0,
8
],
[
17,
47
],
[
53,
103
]
] |
pubmedcausal_11271 | Targeted chemotherapeutic drugs have led to a remarkable improvement in the survival of cancer patients but also have resulted in the increased incidence of uncommon but specific muco-cutaneous adverse effects | [
[
0,
31
],
[
44,
103
],
[
130,
209
]
] |
pubmedcausal_26520 | Despite contradicting some other observational reports, this study showed support for a causal link between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of immune-mediated schizophrenia, additional research is required to identify potential mechanism... | [
[
108,
127
],
[
132,
145
]
] |
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