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pubmedcausal_19012
These findings confirm the role of VCR in preretinal PVR formation posterior to the vitreous base. We propose that the presence of VCR over the retinal surface should be qualified as a risk factor for PVR formation. Detection and adequate removal of VCR may improve the success rate of vitreoretinal surgeries
[ [ 35, 38 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22533
To promote common prosperity, China government has devoted much financial resources to the basic medical insurance system, it is of great significance to improve the health level of the insured groups to prevent them from returning to poverty due to illness. Whether or not the basic medical insurance can improve health...
[ [ 250, 257 ] ]
pubmedcausal_20653
This MR study provides evidence of complex causal associations between modifiable risk factors and pancreatitis. These findings provide new insights into potential therapeutic and prevention strategies
[ [ 71, 94 ], [ 99, 111 ] ]
pubmedcausal_10916
These data support the primary causal chain examining the influence of MICO on in-session client behaviors and related post-session behavior change in PMIs among at-risk students
[ [ 71, 75 ], [ 111, 178 ] ]
pubmedcausal_3226
The relationship between pain and sleep is bidirectional. Long sleep is found to be causally associated with chronic orofacial pain
[ [ 58, 68 ], [ 109, 131 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22936
Home care is facing increasing demand due to an aging population. Several challenges have been identified in the provision of home care, such as the need for support and tailoring support to individual needs. Goal-oriented interventions, such as reablement, may provide a solution to some of these challenges. The reable...
[ [ 310, 333 ], [ 425, 463 ], [ 48, 64 ], [ 0, 37 ], [ 470, 490 ] ]
pubmedcausal_17302
Peripheral hypoxemia occurs with relevant delay in time after decrease of cerebral perfusion and cerebral hypoxemia, therefore cerebral hypoxemia seems to be causal for a central apnea. With this evidence of impaired cerebral perfusion and cerebral hypoxemia due to an increased cervical compartment pressure we can disp...
[ [ 269, 308 ], [ 97, 115 ], [ 266, 308 ], [ 208, 235 ], [ 196, 308 ], [ 309, 428 ], [ 373, 428 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22626
This study identifies causal relationships between elevated circulating HDL-C/ApoA levels and increased risk of early AMD, in addition to finding that TG specifically reduces the risk of early AMD. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of lipid metabolism in drusen formation, particularly in e...
[ [ 51, 89 ], [ 94, 121 ], [ 151, 153 ] ]
pubmedcausal_23446
Hospitalizations in end-stage CKD patients often arise from the complex renal pathophysiology and complications related to acute and decompensated renal function. This condition refers to the kidneys' failure to maintain essential physiological functions despite ongoing treatment, leading to issues such as electrolyte ...
[ [ 64, 93 ], [ 0, 42 ], [ 98, 161 ], [ 192, 254 ], [ 308, 330 ], [ 332, 346 ], [ 352, 367 ] ]
pubmedcausal_16232
Malaria infection has a strong detrimental effect on haemoglobin levels among young children in Burkina Faso. This effect seems to carry over even after acute infection, indicating prolonged haemoglobin reductions even after successful parasite-elimination. The quasi-experimental fixed-effect approach adds a population...
[ [ 0, 17 ] ]
pubmedcausal_27371
This study provides evidence of a significant causal relationship between RETN and scoliosis, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target. These findings contribute to understanding scoliosis pathogenesis and pave the way for future research on inflammation-related pathways and therapies
[ [ 74, 78 ], [ 83, 92 ] ]
pubmedcausal_18036
The causal association between BMI and AT risk suggests that weight control is a promising strategy for preventing AT and alleviating the corresponding disease burden
[ [ 31, 34 ], [ 39, 46 ] ]
pubmedcausal_21736
This two-sample MR study confirmed that longer telomere length significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in the Asian population, which was in accord with findings in the Western population
[ [ 40, 62 ], [ 63, 134 ] ]
pubmedcausal_18524
Thanks to its intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity parameters as well as the input coming into the fast inhibitory subpopulation, the cPBM provides a more expressive model of PSDs, leading to a better understanding of epileptic patterns and DCM-based effective connectivity inference
[ [ 130, 180 ], [ 134, 179 ], [ 194, 236 ], [ 241, 283 ] ]
pubmedcausal_18743
Pain and distress had a significant impact on fatigue at genetic, stable non-shared environmental and time-varying levels, even when controlling for somatic comorbidity
[ [ 0, 4 ], [ 24, 53 ], [ 9, 17 ] ]
pubmedcausal_5324
The MR analysis revealed causal associations among metabolism, inflammation, and COPD. These findings offer novel insights into metabolism-inflammation-COPD mechanisms, suggesting that interventions targeting metabolic processes may represent a promising strategy for preventing the onset or progression of COPD
[ [ 51, 61 ], [ 81, 85 ], [ 63, 75 ] ]
pubmedcausal_21015
Our study results suggest that an elevated abundance of specific gut microbiota is associated with an increased susceptibility to cholecystitis, with the causal relationship being mediated by circulating vitamin D levels. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate the causal effects of g...
[ [ 65, 79 ], [ 337, 355 ], [ 31, 79 ], [ 102, 143 ] ]
pubmedcausal_18519
Our results supported a bidirectional causal association between kidney function and AF. The shared genetic architecture between kidney dysfunction and AF might represent potential important therapeutic targets to prevent both conditions in the general population
[ [ 129, 147 ], [ 85, 87 ] ]
pubmedcausal_3828
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Emerging evidence indicates a potential link between blood cell perturbation responses and various diseases. Further investigation into the connection between these responses and lung cancer could provide valuable insights into its biological beha...
[ [ 0, 11 ], [ 41, 71 ] ]
pubmedcausal_23365
The present study revealed a causal association between epigenetic clocks and AREDs. More research is warranted to clarify the potential mechanisms of the biological aging process in AREDs
[ [ 56, 73 ], [ 78, 83 ] ]
pubmedcausal_13753
There are important mechanisms implicated in androgen levels and the risk of CMS. Low testosterone levels have many signs and symptoms on cardiometabolic and glycometabolic risks as well as abdominal obesity in men
[ [ 82, 105 ], [ 190, 214 ] ]
pubmedcausal_29993
To estimate the contribution of work-related diseases to sick leaves due to general and occupational health problems
[ [ 76, 116 ], [ 32, 68 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22010
Our results provide suggestive evidence for a causal association between SHBG and liver fat in women, implicating the protective role of SHBG against liver fat accumulation
[ [ 73, 77 ], [ 82, 100 ] ]
pubmedcausal_26349
Our findings substantiate the causality between GM and LC and its subtypes. This study offers fresh insights into the function of GM in mediating the progression of LC
[ [ 48, 50 ], [ 55, 74 ] ]
pubmedcausal_26675
Our study indicated the evidence of causal effects between PSC and immune cells, which may provide a potential foundation for future diagnosis and treatment of PSC
[ [ 59, 62 ], [ 67, 79 ] ]
pubmedcausal_24561
The study demonstrates a significant causal relationship between apoA-I and GDM risk
[ [ 65, 71 ], [ 76, 84 ] ]
pubmedcausal_28794
The prime function of the immune system is to protect the entire organism from a variety of insults and illnesses, including the development of cancer. The question of how age-related declines in immune function contribute to an increasing incidence of malignancies continues to be a focus of discussion and speculation
[ [ 26, 39 ], [ 46, 99 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22768
LSB in form of television watching has independent causal association with the risk of endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer
[ [ 0, 34 ], [ 79, 105 ] ]
pubmedcausal_18377
Content-aware measures of rehabilitation dose are robustly causally related to pertinent aspects of outcome. These findings are step toward a goal of comparative effectiveness research in pediatric neurorehabilitation
[ [ 0, 45 ], [ 79, 107 ] ]
pubmedcausal_5599
We aim to investigate the causal link and shared genetic basis between NDDs and constipation
[ [ 71, 75 ], [ 80, 92 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22006
In Indian context, infertility is often a silent struggle. Despite the high prevalence of infertility in the country, the majority of couples do not share their struggles with family or friends due to social stigma, thus increasing their psychological vulnerability. Heartfulness meditation has shown to decrease stress,...
[ [ 201, 214 ], [ 122, 193 ], [ 118, 214 ] ]
pubmedcausal_24764
Hypertension is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly for racial and ethnic minorities who face higher rates of hypertension and worse health-related outcomes. Recent research has reported on protective associations between classic psychedelics and hypertension; however, there is a need to e...
[ [ 0, 12 ], [ 34, 43 ], [ 48, 57 ] ]
pubmedcausal_14914
Systematic analysis of human genetic association studies revealed that the dopaminergic synapse signaling pathway is enriched in candidate gene sets. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that expression of multiple dopaminergic gene sets was significantly altered in patients with MS. Pathway crosstalk analysis and gene set...
[ [ 501, 538 ], [ 548, 578 ] ]
pubmedcausal_8885
Granger causality is well established within the neurosciences for inference of directed functional connectivity from neurophysiological data. These data usually consist of time series which subsample a continuous-time biophysiological process. While it is well known that subsampling can lead to imputation of spurious ...
[ [ 273, 284 ] ]
pubmedcausal_25122
The positive relationship of OSA with Mets was revealed, and higher incidence rates of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were noted to be correlated with OSA. MR analysis further confirmed the causal relationship of OSA with MetS and cardiovascular disease
[ [ 29, 32 ], [ 240, 244 ], [ 249, 271 ] ]
pubmedcausal_20262
Parinaud syndrome is a dorsal mid-brain syndrome characterized by upgaze paralysis, convergence retraction nystagmus, and pupillary light-near dissociation. Infarctions or hemorrhages involving the mid-brain are the most frequent causes in older adults
[ [ 157, 207 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22642
Our findings support a causal effect of sedentary behavior as measured by LST on MG, indicating that lack of exercise may play a role in the development of MG. Longitudinal and interventional studies of this association are warranted
[ [ 40, 77 ], [ 81, 83 ] ]
pubmedcausal_25006
Our findings revealed the role of the phylum Pseudomonadota, family Sutterellaceae, species Bacteroides finegoldii, and Bacteroides uniformis in increasing TMAO, as well as the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bilophila wadsworthia in decreasing TMAO. This study provides new insights into the relationship betwe...
[ [ 34, 59 ], [ 145, 160 ], [ 61, 82 ], [ 84, 114 ], [ 173, 213 ], [ 243, 258 ], [ 120, 141 ], [ 218, 239 ] ]
pubmedcausal_11107
The mechanism underlying hot flashes is not well-understood, primarily because of complex relationships between and among hot flashes and their risk factors
[ [ 82, 156 ], [ 0, 59 ] ]
pubmedcausal_17981
In conclusion, our results strongly elucidated a causal link between genetically determined higher iron status and increased risk of atrial fibrillation. This provided new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation
[ [ 69, 110 ], [ 115, 152 ] ]
pubmedcausal_19147
Personal relative deprivation has negative effects on quality of life. Social support moderated the direct effect of relative deprivation and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on quality of life. For individuals with a high level of relative deprivation, particularly those with a low level of social support, ...
[ [ 0, 29 ], [ 34, 69 ] ]
pubmedcausal_28990
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis was significantly attenuated in fluvastatin-treated animals. Fluvastatin significantly suppressed the degree of immunostaining of AGE in UUO kidneys
[ [ 89, 100 ], [ 101, 176 ] ]
pubmedcausal_3548
While UPA had a unique place in the treatment of uterine fibroids, overly cautious regulatory measures due to exceedingly rare DILI incidences led to the withdrawal of its marketing authorization in most parts of the world. There is a need for an improved understanding of DILI mechanisms and causality assessments to ai...
[ [ 110, 142 ], [ 67, 102 ], [ 150, 222 ] ]
pubmedcausal_12104
We demonstrated a causative role for cardiometabolic traits in oxidative stress and identified hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia as a major driver of oxidative stress
[ [ 37, 59 ], [ 63, 79 ], [ 95, 109 ], [ 114, 127 ] ]
pubmedcausal_20037
Due to the high cost of setting up hospital beds, developing and supporting cost-effective home care services, strengthening the insurance coverage of these services, and improving the quantity and quality of community care, considering the real needs of the community could be considered as an optimal option for the fu...
[ [ 7, 48 ], [ 50, 336 ] ]
pubmedcausal_20308
The present study reported that higher BMI was causally associated with lower glutamine levels. Both obesity and downregulation of glutamine were causally linked to depression
[ [ 32, 42 ], [ 72, 94 ], [ 101, 108 ], [ 165, 175 ], [ 113, 140 ] ]
pubmedcausal_16410
We found a convincing correlation between the positivity of PFO and brain ischemia lesion in residents of the plateau. Our findings provide another solid evidence of the direct causal relation between PFO and brain ischemia lesion
[ [ 60, 63 ], [ 68, 89 ] ]
pubmedcausal_13899
The prevalence of nonfatal occupational injuries among workers in this study was substantially high. Workers' behavior, psychosocial issues, and work-related characteristics played a causal role in the occurrence of occupational injury. Therefore, workers' safety protection and behavioral intervention should be initiat...
[ [ 198, 235 ], [ 120, 139 ], [ 145, 173 ] ]
pubmedcausal_25374
The association between obesity and OA is partially mediated by systemic inflammation caused by dyslipidemia. Our study suggested anti-lipid therapy may be positive for obese individuals with OA
[ [ 96, 108 ], [ 64, 85 ] ]
pubmedcausal_5151
Male students show a greater causal effect of motivational climate on anxiety and grade point average. Likewise, the causal relationship of task climate on the development of anxiety is negative for the study sample. In contrast, the ego climate exerts a positive causal relationship on the development of anxiety
[ [ 234, 245 ], [ 160, 182 ], [ 140, 152 ] ]
pubmedcausal_25750
Firearm injury is a leading cause of death among Americans. Because the right to bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment, policymakers must consider the impact of legislation on both firearm ownership and firearm harms. The current state of knowledge in firearm research majorly examines the impact of firearm leg...
[ [ 0, 14 ], [ 37, 58 ], [ 68, 128 ], [ 129, 226 ] ]
pubmedcausal_11971
Cross-sectional studies cannot assess temporal trends, and observational studies cannot conclusively determine causality or exclude biases and confounding due to unmeasured variables
[ [ 162, 182 ], [ 59, 154 ], [ 0, 53 ] ]
pubmedcausal_19060
Relapses and mortality among tuberculosis patients are considerably increased by alcohol drinking. More research into the causality of this link between the degree of alcohol use and the underlying processes is required
[ [ 81, 97 ] ]
pubmedcausal_6105
Two-sample MR analysis was performed to assess the causal effects of gut microbiota and protein-to-protein ratios on NAFLD using inverse variance-weighted, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and Wald ratio methods. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure result robustness. Mediation ana...
[ [ 69, 83 ], [ 117, 122 ], [ 88, 113 ] ]
pubmedcausal_2864
New-onset diabetes was not necessarily a direct complication of depression; rather, depression led to behaviors that increase the risk of overweight and, consequently, new-onset diabetes
[ [ 64, 74 ], [ 102, 148 ], [ 168, 186 ] ]
pubmedcausal_26327
Infertility affects many couples globally, causing physical, emotional, and financial burdens. While observational studies suggest a link between psychiatric disorders and female infertility, causal relationships remain uncertain. Mendelian randomization analysis, using genome-wide association studies data, minimizes c...
[ [ 0, 11 ], [ 76, 93 ] ]
pubmedcausal_18194
Our MR study revealed a causal association between genetically predicted HI and falls. These results provide further evidence supporting the need to effectively manage HI to minimize fall risks and improve quality of life
[ [ 51, 75 ], [ 80, 85 ] ]
pubmedcausal_27650
The causal relationships between intelligence and fluid intelligence scores, and PD were demonstrated through MR analysis, providing an important reference and evidence for the study of PD
[ [ 33, 45 ], [ 81, 83 ], [ 50, 75 ] ]
pubmedcausal_24428
After excluding weak instrumental variables, a causal relationship was identified between fatty liver disease and the occurrence and development of some psychiatric disorders. Specifically, the findings indicated that ArLD was associated with a significantly elevated risk of developing
[ [ 90, 109 ], [ 114, 174 ] ]
pubmedcausal_8187
Our method gave a conservative test for non-linearity under realistic violations of the key assumption. We found evidence for a non-linear causal effect of alcohol intake on several cardiovascular traits
[ [ 156, 170 ], [ 182, 203 ] ]
pubmedcausal_27752
This study elucidates specific plasma metabolites causally associated with CKD and renal functions, providing potential targets for intervention. These findings contribute to an enriched understanding of the genetic underpinnings of CKD and renal functions, paving the way for precision medicine applications and therape...
[ [ 22, 49 ], [ 75, 78 ], [ 83, 98 ] ]
pubmedcausal_1520
Several factors potentially have contributed to recent health improvement in African countries, but there is substantial evidence that achieving high malaria control intervention coverage, especially with ITNs and targeted IRS, has been the leading contributor to reduced child mortality. The documented impact provides ...
[ [ 135, 187 ], [ 264, 287 ] ]
pubmedcausal_26678
This study identified a causal link between hypothyroidism and the occurrence of asthma-associated pneumonia or sepsis, and other sepsis, but not with the development of streptococcal sepsis and puerperal sepsis. Moreover, our findings did not reveal any causal association between hyperthyroidism and streptococcal seps...
[ [ 44, 58 ], [ 67, 108 ] ]
pubmedcausal_10493
Myopia is a common visual disorder caused by eye overgrowth, resulting in blurry vision. It affects one in four Americans, and its prevalence is increasing. The genetic mechanisms that underpin myopia are not completely understood. Here, we use genotype data and linkage analyses to identify high-risk genetic loci that ...
[ [ 194, 200 ], [ 0, 6 ], [ 74, 87 ] ]
pubmedcausal_19118
The POLG gene is the most common disease-causing gene in this group of PEO patients with multiple mtDNA deletions. While inherited PEO is the most prominent symptoms in these patients, genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity still exist, for example in onset age, initial symptoms, and accompanying manifestations
[ [ 4, 13 ] ]
pubmedcausal_3309
This study provides novel insight into the causal role of gut microbiota in DN pathogenesis, uncovering specific microbial species that may contribute to disease progression. These findings offer a promising avenue for future research and therapeutic development targeting gut microbiota
[ [ 58, 72 ], [ 76, 91 ] ]
pubmedcausal_24129
Although signal detection analysis based on the FAERS database cannot establish a definitive causal relationship, our study found that FP receptor agonists used in glaucoma can cause various adverse events. Assessing their clinical suitability and potential side effects is crucial for providing personalized treatment a...
[ [ 135, 155 ], [ 183, 205 ] ]
pubmedcausal_13396
Fungal complex is the causal agent of red-skin root in P. ginseng
[ [ 0, 14 ], [ 38, 65 ] ]
pubmedcausal_26853
Modeling causality through graphs, referred to as causal graph learning, offers an appropriate description of the dynamics of causality. The majority of current machine learning models in clinical decision support systems only predict associations between variables, whereas causal graph learning models causality dynami...
[ [ 426, 479 ], [ 348, 418 ] ]
pubmedcausal_26670
This MR investigation provided evidence of causality between diverse FA and IBD. These findings offered new insights into the treatment and prevention of IBD
[ [ 61, 71 ], [ 76, 79 ] ]
pubmedcausal_4742
These findings revealed causal associations between plasma proteins and GGE, prioritized immune-related biological pathways, and proposed potential therapeutic hypotheses targeting immunomodulatory mechanisms
[ [ 52, 67 ], [ 72, 75 ] ]
pubmedcausal_17876
Vibrotactile cutaneous stimulation as a tactile enhancement can produce a stronger stimulation of the brain's sensorimotor brain areas, promoting the establishment of neural pathways, and causing a richer effect between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The combination of kinesthetic, vibrotactile, and visual st...
[ [ 0, 34 ], [ 198, 258 ], [ 261, 329 ] ]
pubmedcausal_17975
Our study found that genetically driven OSA causally promotes AF. This causal relationship sheds new light on taking effective measures to prevent and treat OSA to reduce the risk of AF
[ [ 21, 43 ], [ 53, 64 ] ]
pubmedcausal_18510
Our study finds significant health consequences of exposure to air pollution, which persist over long periods of time, with some patterns of recovery. Policymakers should pay special attention to such massive sources of pollution and try to mitigate these negative health consequences
[ [ 51, 76 ] ]
pubmedcausal_8203
This is the first ever demonstration that TA has a causal effect on symptomatic outcome of a psychological treatment, and that poor TA is actively detrimental. These effects may extend to other therapeutic modalities and disorders
[ [ 42, 44 ], [ 127, 134 ] ]
pubmedcausal_16145
Refractive errors, particularly myopia, are common and a leading cause of blindness. This study aimed to explore associations between medications and refractive error in an aging adult cohort and to determine whether childhood-onset refractive errors predict future medication use to provide novel insights into disease ...
[ [ 74, 83 ] ]
pubmedcausal_21733
There is epidemiological evidence to support a causal relationship between occupational exposure as a firefighter and certain cancers. Challenges persist in the body of evidence related to the quality of exposure assessment, confounding, and medical surveillance bias
[ [ 75, 113 ], [ 118, 133 ] ]
pubmedcausal_22575
There is a causal association and pleiotropic variants between GM and ICH
[ [ 63, 65 ], [ 70, 73 ] ]
pubmedcausal_20026
Secure attachment imagery reduces state paranoia and anxiety and could be incorporated into psychotherapies to attenuate clinical paranoia. Measurement of state emotion regulation was problematic. Attachment imagery does not buffer stress; further research is required to test whether secure imagery facilitates recovery...
[ [ 0, 25 ], [ 26, 48 ] ]
pubmedcausal_5806
The existence of a definite direct causal relationship between vitiligo and diverse autoimmune disorders remains unknown due to the influence of confounding factors and potential reverse causality
[ [ 128, 196 ], [ 0, 120 ] ]
pubmedcausal_13579
Our findings provide evidence of a causal relationship between filtration of drinking water containing high levels of exposure to PFASs and improved reproductive outcomes
[ [ 63, 135 ], [ 140, 170 ] ]
pubmedcausal_17849
Upward comparison resulted in lower body satisfaction, but downward comparison did not result in positive effects. However, trait eating concerns and comparison influenced the impact of both forms of comparison. Body comparison should be a target for treatment in CBT for eating disorders, particularly where the individ...
[ [ 0, 17 ], [ 30, 53 ] ]
pubmedcausal_15748
Cognitive dysfunction among the elderly is a devastating condition preceded by accumulation of neuropathology leading to accelerated cognitive decline. Many epidemiologic studies have reported the relation between indoor air pollution exposure and cognitive impairment. To clarify the nature of the association, a compre...
[ [ 79, 109 ], [ 121, 150 ] ]
pubmedcausal_9817
High reserve capacity and good school achievement in adolescence significantly reduce the risk of mortality. In boys, these also mitigate the negative effect of low SES on mortality. These findings underscore the roles of reserve capacity and school achievement during adolescence as likely causal or modifying factors i...
[ [ 0, 21 ], [ 65, 107 ], [ 26, 64 ] ]
pubmedcausal_20828
This trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study confirmed the bidirectional causal effects between SUA concentrations and kidney function and highlighted the importance of considering ethnic disparities in clinical treatments
[ [ 99, 117 ], [ 122, 137 ] ]
pubmedcausal_11011
The present analysis was based on cross-sectional data collected at one point in time. Therefore, unlike longitudinal studies, it does not establish a clear causal association between the variables. Nevertheless, this study found that pulmonary function among subjects residing in Seoul was significantly decreased compa...
[ [ 0, 86 ], [ 98, 197 ] ]
pubmedcausal_28805
Men and old people make greater hospital utilization. Circulatory system diseases comprise the major part of admissions in acute hospitals, even though other causes are gaining importance, especially mental disorders
[ [ 54, 81 ], [ 95, 138 ], [ 200, 216 ], [ 109, 138 ] ]
pubmedcausal_13418
A mix of individual and contextual factors interacting in complex pathways were responsible for the high incidence and prevalence of diabetes among rural residents. The most original finding of that study was a positive association of sleep apnea, and ESS with incident diabetes warrants further research to identify a c...
[ [ 0, 74 ], [ 96, 163 ] ]
pubmedcausal_24818
The findings unveil intriguing bidirectional causal links between ADHD, ASD, and specific types of fractures. Notably, ADHD is identified as a risk factor for fractures, with pronounced associations in various anatomical regions, including the skull, trunk, and lower limbs. Conversely, individuals with specific fractur...
[ [ 66, 70 ], [ 81, 108 ], [ 72, 75 ] ]
pubmedcausal_27228
This study establishes a close causal relationship between immune cells and SP through genetic methods, providing a new perspective for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of SP
[ [ 59, 71 ], [ 76, 78 ] ]
pubmedcausal_8331
Our results show that FII, as the main cause for hypercoagulable state, is directly induced by FX and FVIII in normal individuals and by FX, FXI, FV and VWF cofactors in diabetic patients
[ [ 22, 25 ], [ 49, 70 ], [ 95, 97 ], [ 102, 107 ], [ 141, 144 ], [ 102, 104 ], [ 153, 156 ] ]
pubmedcausal_2513
Tobacco smoking is a key risk factor for spine degeneration. However, the underlying mechanism by which smoking induces degeneration is not known. Recent studies implicate DNA damage as a cause of spine and intervertebral disc degeneration. Because tobacco smoke contains many genotoxins, we hypothesized that tobacco sm...
[ [ 249, 287 ], [ 289, 385 ] ]
pubmedcausal_3672
In adulthood, Adol Nic mice had greater morphine CPP, more morphine locomotor sensitization, and more choice-based morphine consumption vs. Adol Water mice. In contrast, adult mice given nicotine vs. water had similar morphine CPP measured a month later. Patch clamp analysis of VTA neurons from adult Adol Water mice sh...
[ [ 747, 794 ], [ 803, 838 ], [ 632, 701 ], [ 710, 732 ] ]
pubmedcausal_17012
Ascaris infection could induce the inflammatory immune response in children, but couldn't cause a significant effect on pulmonary function tests in these children; The impairment in PFT was due to asthma disease and not correlated to ascariasis
[ [ 197, 211 ], [ 168, 185 ] ]
pubmedcausal_27686
Our MR analysis indicates causal relationships between immune cells, inflammatory factors, serum metabolites, and hepatic cancer. However, further validation is needed to assess the potential of these immune cells, inflammatory factors, and serum metabolites as preventive or therapeutic targets for hepatic cancer
[ [ 55, 67 ], [ 114, 128 ], [ 69, 89 ], [ 91, 108 ] ]
pubmedcausal_6794
Our findings supported a bidirectionally causal relationship between gut microbiota and EC, implying the potential role of gut microbiota in preventing the occurrence and development of EC
[ [ 69, 83 ], [ 88, 90 ] ]
pubmedcausal_2698
Walking with high-heeled shoes is a common cause of venous complaints such as pain, fatigue, and heavy-feeling legs. The aim of the study was to clarify the influence of high-heeled shoes on the venous return and test the hypothesis that women wearing different styles of high-heeled shoes present an impaired venous ret...
[ [ 0, 30 ], [ 52, 69 ] ]
pubmedcausal_4402
Inadequate health literacy increases medical costs and leads to poor health outcomes. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence of such associations in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates how the household cost of malaria in children under five in Ghana varies based on different levels of health literac...
[ [ 0, 26 ], [ 64, 84 ] ]
pubmedcausal_28334
A copay increase can provide substantial savings to a payer without being a major deterrent to overall utilization or resulting in discontinuation of chronic medications
[ [ 2, 16 ], [ 21, 59 ] ]
pubmedcausal_27862
This study provides robust evidence that vitamin D significantly reduces the risk of NPC. Through MR and meta-analysis, we have demonstrated a protective role of vitamin D in NPC development. These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be a potential strategy for reducing NPC. Further research...
[ [ 41, 50 ], [ 51, 88 ] ]