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pubmedcausal_18028 | Our study strengthened the causal evidence of genetically predicted OSA with a higher AF risk. Early screening and appropriate management of OSA might show anti-arrhythmic benefits | [
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pubmedcausal_24999 | Meta-analysis and MR analysis demonstrated inconsistent results on the relationship between depression and a high risk of developing NAFLD. Specifically, meta-analysis confirmed that depression increases the risk of developing NAFLD, while MR analysis did not support a causal association between genetically determined ... | [
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pubmedcausal_7177 | Long term caregiving leads to strain in caregivers and there is a need to design interventions to alleviate the burden. The study was a pragmatic, quasi-experimental study thus causality cannot be inferred. However findings from this study suggest that the provision of care within a community setting as part of a well-... | [
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pubmedcausal_18694 | Our results support a causal role of exposure to physical factors at work in the development of OA. As OA is associated with a great burden of disability, any effort should be made to reduce workers' exposure to ergonomic factors | [
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pubmedcausal_21416 | A dynamic causal relationship exists between "Xinjiang model" policy and registered incidence, and its continued implementation is effective in controlling the spread of tuberculosis | [
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pubmedcausal_23935 | When specific nutrients are inadequate, vulnerability to cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses increases. The data linking dietary nutrition with these illnesses, however, has been sparse in the past observational research and randomized controlled trials | [] |
pubmedcausal_26027 | Our findings demonstrate a causal and independent association between education and six common digestive tract diseases. Additionally, our study highlights five mediators as crucial targets for preventing digestive tract diseases associated with lower education levels | [
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pubmedcausal_23085 | The causal relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and reduced offspring birth weight is well established and is likely due to impaired placental function. However, observational studies have given conflicting results on the association between smoking and placental weight. We aimed to estimate the causal ef... | [
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pubmedcausal_6650 | This study established a causal relationship between infectious disease-related antibody immune responses and lung cancer and its subtypes via genetic methods, increasing the understanding of the role of infectious disease-related antibody immune responses in lung cancer | [
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pubmedcausal_23692 | This study demonstrates a bidirectional causal relationship between self-perceptions of aging and frailty, with subjective cognitive decline identified as a mediating mechanism. These findings provide important guidance for future efforts aimed at reducing frailty rates among older adults in community settings | [
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pubmedcausal_9232 | A strong temporal correlation between risperidone and EPS was noted in all cases. High doses produced EPS early, whereas moderate to low doses produced EPS at a later date. Thus, cautious use and close monitoring are warranted in the chronic use of risperidone | [] |
pubmedcausal_14282 | Asthma is associated with a greater likelihood of e-cigarette use among young adults, which may increase the risk of pulmonary complications. Because substance use trajectories emerge in early adulthood, it is important to identify factors that may be important in addressing this new public health threat. One such fact... | [
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pubmedcausal_8694 | HBP is a potential mediator of sepsis-induced acute lung injury through enhanced endothelial permeability. HBP increases permeability through an interaction with luminal GAGs and activation of the PKC and Rho-kinase pathways. Heparins are potential inhibitors of HBP-induced increases in permeability | [
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pubmedcausal_7498 | Leptospira, the causal agent of leptospirosis, has been isolated from the environment, patients, and wide spectrum of animals in Russia. However, the genetic diversity of Leptospira in natural and anthropurgic foci was not clearly defined | [
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pubmedcausal_6497 | There is a causal relationship between BMI and chronic pain, with SAS acting as a mediator for a portion of the causal effects of BMI on conditions such as limb pain, low back pain, and low back pain with or without sciatica. Therefore, clinical strategies should focus on modulating BMI levels to maintain them within t... | [
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pubmedcausal_4693 | Obesity increased mortality in patients who underwent venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but this was primarily due to a nonlinear U-shaped distribution between body mass index and in-hospital mortality observed in patients receiving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further studies are neede... | [
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pubmedcausal_2328 | Smoking is a known lung cancer cause, but no detailed quantitative systematic review exists. We summarize evidence for various indices | [
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pubmedcausal_6614 | These findings reveal a causal link between high valine levels and an increased OC risk. This research highlights the monitoring of valine levels as a preventive strategy and the significance of valine metabolism in OC. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms and interventions for reducing risk, offerin... | [
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pubmedcausal_17471 | We provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between happiness, mental health, and related factors in the older population. Gender differences in path analysis showed that age negatively affects the happiness of older women but not men | [
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pubmedcausal_21097 | These findings suggest differences in PFAS exposure may be an unrecognized modifiable risk factor that partially accounts for racial/ethnic disparities in timing of hypertension onset among midlife women. The study calls for public policies aimed at reducing PFAS exposures that could contribute to reductions in racial/... | [
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pubmedcausal_11034 | Cannabis and cocaine were, besides alcohol, the substances most often reported in ED presentations related to offences of violence. Because of the high prevalence of alcohol co-use, no final conclusions can be drawn on the contribution of single substances | [
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pubmedcausal_12106 | Network disruption has a central role in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and dementia in SVD. It may be a useful disease marker to identify that subgroup of patients with SVD who progress to dementia | [
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pubmedcausal_20182 | Hypothyroidism can significantly increase NAFLD incidence, and hyperthyroidism may be a risk factor for NAFLD | [
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pubmedcausal_10218 | Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong ev... | [
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pubmedcausal_17779 | Results provide causal evidence that the AC is involved in feedback-dependent vocal control, and that it is sufficient and may also be necessary to drive changes in vocal production | [
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pubmedcausal_5544 | This study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship and genetic correlation between DKD and CI, while also identifying shared genetic features and biological pathways that may contribute to their association | [
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pubmedcausal_28934 | Although stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, there is no information on awareness of its warning signs. This study was designed to assess awareness of stroke warning signs in Nigerians at increased risk | [
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pubmedcausal_7606 | Increased FV consumption reduces non-FV energy intake, but does not reduce total energy intake. Therefore, this study does not support the volume displacement hypothesis and suggests calorie displacement instead | [
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pubmedcausal_26472 | This study detected shared genetic architecture between IBD and PBC and demonstrated a stable causal relationship of genetically predicted PBC on the risk of IBD. These findings shed light on the biological basis of comorbidity between IBD and PBC, and have important implications for intervention and treatment targets ... | [
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pubmedcausal_20020 | Negative beliefs about the self, including low self-compassion, have been identified as a putative causal factor in the occurrence of paranoia. Therefore, improving self-compassion may be one route to reduce paranoia | [
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pubmedcausal_7403 | The results suggest that no truly causal relationship exists between dental trauma and physical activity and nutritional status. Due to the relatively low level of evidence currently present, studies with more robust design, for example, prospective cohort should address this question, especially in view of the epidemi... | [
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pubmedcausal_14735 | Our findings indicate a causal relationship between history of gallstones and increased risk of gallbladder cancer, albeit of a smaller magnitude than those found in observational analysis | [
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pubmedcausal_25553 | Chronic pain has been extensively explored as a risk factor for opioid misuse, resulting in increased focus on opioid prescribing practices for individuals with such conditions. Physical disability sometimes co-occurs with chronic pain but may also represent an independent risk factor for opioid misuse. However, previo... | [
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pubmedcausal_16252 | Migraine is a prevalent condition causing a substantial level of disability worldwide. Despite this, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Migraine often co-occurs with gastrointestinal disorders, but the direction of a potential causal link is unclear. The aim of this project was to investigate t... | [
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pubmedcausal_5200 | We found that there were causal associations of gut microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines with prostate cancer in Asians. The causal effects of gut microbiota on prostate cancer were partially mediated by metabolites and cytokines. These findings might contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for pr... | [
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pubmedcausal_20807 | There was a long-term cointegration relationship and one-way causality between the number of visits and ADRs caused by essential medicines. In the initial stage, the ADR response to the number of visits increased sharply, but with an increase in the number of lag periods, the impact remained basically stable, even show... | [
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pubmedcausal_6661 | We reviewed seminal SD literature for clues on how to refine the focus of systems approaches, so that they lead to specific models supporting policy development. We conducted a narrative review, seeking a strategy that can be leveraged in systems approaches in public health. We concentrated on SD's problem framing stra... | [
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pubmedcausal_17085 | The reduction in injuries and fatalities could be a result of the concerted actions, including legal sanctions of alcohol beverage sales and advertisement, and public education to raise awareness and impart knowledge of the harmful use of alcohol. The actions were organised by a coalition of civil society, health profe... | [
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pubmedcausal_20382 | This study revealed that there was a causal relationship between specific gut microbiota taxa and PBC, which may provide novel perspectives and a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PBC | [
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pubmedcausal_18540 | Our MR study explored the causal role of SLE in the etiology of CVD, which would help improve our understanding of the basic disease mechanisms of SLE and provide comprehensive CVD assessment and treatment for SLE patients | [
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pubmedcausal_20180 | Our study highlighted the causal associations between waist circumference and knee osteoarthritis risk | [
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pubmedcausal_19533 | Factors influencing HIVDR in sub-Saharan Africa and their interactions were sorted in five categories: biology, individual, social context, healthcare system and 'overarching'. We identified three causal loops cross-cutting these layers, which relate to three interconnected subsystems of mechanisms influencing HIVDR. T... | [
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pubmedcausal_27501 | The Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal nexus between cigarette smoking and an increased risk of aSAH, advocating for targeted smoking cessation interventions within genetically predisposed cohorts. The results regarding the relationship between alcohol consumption and aSAH were affected by insufficient ... | [
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pubmedcausal_26885 | In summary, this study provided evidence for the causality between GM and inflammatory skin diseases. These findings suggested that supplementing specific bacterial taxa may be an effective therapy for AD, PSO, and ROS | [
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pubmedcausal_10833 | Greater willingness to disclose did not affect psychiatric symptom scores. Because the trials increased willingness to disclose through a randomly assigned intervention, they provide a strong causal test of the masking hypothesis. It is therefore unlikely that changes in willingness to disclose are masking reductions i... | [
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pubmedcausal_29008 | This study shows that liver manipulation is a leading cause of hepatocyte injury during liver surgery. A potential causal relation between liver manipulation and systemic inflammation remains to be established; but since the inflammatory response is apparently initiated early during major abdominal surgery, interventio... | [
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pubmedcausal_25350 | The present study revealed the potential possibility that B cell, memory B cell subset, and TNF-related molecules may be involved in the development of delirium due to peripheral inflammation, which can provide clues for further investigation of delirium prevention and treatment strategies | [
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pubmedcausal_27351 | This study unveiled a causal relationship between immune cell phenotype and COPD. These findings offer new insights for the prevention and treatment of COPD using COPD-associated immune cells | [
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pubmedcausal_23913 | Overall, our findings support a causal pathway from heavy smoking to earlier retirement | [
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pubmedcausal_5557 | There are design- and model-based statistical inferences. The simplest design-based inference is from a representative random sample to a real definite population, but it is rarely possible or even pertinent in clinical research. The term population rarely concerns patients. Super-populations are theoretical postulates... | [
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pubmedcausal_6088 | This study supports a causal link between insomnia and osteoporosis. Hypothyroidism plays a mediating role in this pathway. Targeting hypothyroidism may lower the risk of osteoporosis associated with insomnia | [
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pubmedcausal_28027 | Post-intervention, coalition members shifted their focus from individual health behaviors to systemic drivers, particularly structural racism and socioeconomic disparities. The causal-loop diagram helped identify leverage points and fostered a readiness for local collective action and policy advocacy | [
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pubmedcausal_26095 | Osteomyelitis is characterized by an inflammatory process initiated by microorganisms, leading to infection and subsequent degradation of bone tissue. Several studies have indicated a potential link between gut microbiota and the occurrence of osteomyelitis. Utilizing the benefits of Mendelian randomization, which miti... | [
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pubmedcausal_2574 | Obesity is a major public health problem that increases the risk for a broad spectrum of co-morbid conditions. Despite evidence for a strong genetic contribution to susceptibility to obesity, previous efforts to discover the relevant genes using positional cloning have failed to account for most of the apparent genetic... | [
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pubmedcausal_26515 | The MR analysis underscores a causal association between inflammatory cytokines and DN, providing an important reference and evidence for the study of DN | [
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pubmedcausal_20280 | Increased grade, rather than increasing age, is the major cause of myopic shifts in refraction. A causal link implies that interventions aimed at reducing the myopigenic exposures experienced during a school year have the potential to markedly reduce the myopic shifts in refraction associated with a grade of schooling | [
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pubmedcausal_26772 | Our research provides significant MR evidence of a bidirectional causal relationship between FGIDs and the cerebral cortex structures. This evidence not only confirms the two-way communication along the brain-gut axis but also illuminates the underlying pathophysiology, paving the way for identifying potential therapeu... | [
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pubmedcausal_21176 | The correlational design limits our ability to make causal inferences | [
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pubmedcausal_4566 | Tachydysrhythmias are a challenging aspect of emergency medicine, with atrial fibrillation being the most common. Electrical cardioversion is recommended for hemodynamically unstable patients, while treatment varies according to the dysrhythmia subtype in others. Landiolol, a relatively new ultra-short-acting cardiosel... | [] |
pubmedcausal_17855 | Mice treated with amphetamine showed altered punishment learning, which was associated with decreased shifting after losses and increased perseverative errors after reversals. Reversal learning performance and strategies were dependent on increased activity in lateral orbitofrontal cortex to DMS circuits as well as in ... | [
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pubmedcausal_8972 | Take-home naloxone programmes are found to reduce overdose mortality among programme participants and in the community and have a low rate of adverse events | [
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pubmedcausal_29056 | Anti-TB drugs could cause significant adverse effects both in quantity and severity leading to hospitalization, prolonged hospital stay and even death. More attention is needed to prevent these reactions | [
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pubmedcausal_23242 | The major result of this study is that a repeated systemic administration of Pg-LPS caused depressive-like behavior and both microglial and astrocytic activation in rats. This finding may comprise biological evidence of a causal relationship between periodontitis and MD | [
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pubmedcausal_21169 | The implementation of preventive multidisciplinary targeted strategies can help slow down CVD and CKD's natural history in women at risk through lifestyle modifications and adequate blood pressure control. Therefore, we propose a series of recommendations to guide the prediction and prevention of CVD and CKD throughout... | [
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pubmedcausal_15975 | Overall, our results suggest that some interventions led to positive impacts on technology adoption among firms across manufacturing, services, and agriculture sectors, but given the wide variation in the time periods, contexts, and study methodologies, the results are hard to generalize. The effects of these intervent... | [
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pubmedcausal_5156 | This study revealed genetic associations between ADHD and multiple ocular disorders, identifying causal effects of ADHD on an increased risk of corneal ulcer, keratitis, blepharochalasis, and lacrimal system disorders, while showing a protective effect against glaucoma. Conversely, genetic liability to strabismus incre... | [
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pubmedcausal_6455 | Chronic underinvestment in peritoneal dialysis had failed to capitalise on improvements in expertise and quality of services, while a series of short-term measures to overcome constraints in haemodialysis supply had unintentionally increased haemodialysis demand in the long-term, increasing strain on the healthcare sys... | [] |
pubmedcausal_26033 | Our study provides robust evidence that the use of drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system can reduce prostate cancer risk. Given the high prevalence of prostate cancer, these findings have important implications for drug selection and prostate cancer prevention in patients with cardiovascular disease | [
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pubmedcausal_970 | Contemporary bioscience sometimes demands vast sample sizes and there is often then no choice but to synthesize data across several studies and to undertake an appropriate pooled analysis. This same need is also faced in health-services and socio-economic research. When a pooled analysis is required, analytic efficienc... | [
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pubmedcausal_13865 | Interoceptive training resulted in significant enhancement of interoceptive accuracy scores and significant reductions in somatic symptom and state anxiety scores. In contrast, interoceptive training did not cause significant changes in decision-making indices. There was a significant positive correlation between chang... | [
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pubmedcausal_612 | It is thought that a proportion of the genetic susceptibility to complex diseases is due to low-frequency and rare variants. Next-generation sequencing in large populations facilitates the detection of rare variant associations to disease risk. In order to achieve adequate power to detect association at low-frequency a... | [
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pubmedcausal_9219 | The aim of this paper is to investigate cortical electric neuronal activity as an indicator of brain function, in a mental arithmetic task that requires sustained attention, as compared to the resting state condition. The two questions of interest are the cortical localization of different oscillatory activities, and t... | [
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pubmedcausal_14514 | We showed greater memory improvement after a night of sleep with zolpidem, compared to placebo, replicating a prior nap study. Additionally, zolpidem increased sigma power, decreased theta and delta power, and altered the phase angle of spindle-SO coupling, compared to placebo. Spindle density, theta power, and spindle... | [
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pubmedcausal_7257 | Mediodorsal thalamus hypofunction causes cognitive inflexibility reflected by an impaired ability to adapt actions when their consequences change. Furthermore, it alters the encoding of environmental stimuli so that they cannot be properly utilized to guide behavior. Modulating MD activity could be a potential therapeu... | [
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pubmedcausal_12344 | Clonidine had two specific and distinct effects: first, it decreased choice variability, without affecting the cost/benefit trade-off; and second, it reduced force production, without modulating the willingness to work | [
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pubmedcausal_29595 | We previously reported on increased bone strontium levels in dialysis patients with osteomalacia versus those presenting other types of renal osteodystrophy. A causal role of strontium in the development of osteomalacia was established in a chronic renal failure rat model | [
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pubmedcausal_19223 | Our results demonstrate that negative appearance evaluation fully mediates the relationship between eating attitudes and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance. An individual's attitude toward eating affects negative body perceptions and thus their perception of their own body shape. Our exploration of the specific ... | [
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pubmedcausal_26915 | Our results demonstrate significant causal effects of gut microbiome on HIV infection. These findings facilitate future studies to develop better strategies for HIV prophylaxis through gut microbiome regulation. Further explorations are also warranted to dissect the mechanism of how gut microbiome affects HIV susceptib... | [
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pubmedcausal_25953 | Knowledge of the impact of smoking on health care costs is important for establishing the external effects of smoking and for evaluating policies intended to modify this behavior. Conventional analysis of this association is difficult because of omitted variable bias, reverse causality, and measurement error | [
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pubmedcausal_7073 | Laterality in the vertebrate embryo is determined by left-right asymmetric gene expression driven by the flow of extraembryonic fluid across the embryonic node. Defects in these processes cause heterotaxy, the abnormal formation and arrangement of visceral organs that can range from complete inversion of symmetry to th... | [
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pubmedcausal_2653 | Uric acid concentration is known to increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by affecting its components, resulting in increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, and long-term lead exposure is known to affect this serum uric acid level. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between... | [
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pubmedcausal_24399 | Gardening has been found to increase vegetable intake and reduce BMI; this suggests that it may improve diets by lowering inflammatory content. The goal of this study goal was to evaluate the effect of gardening on Dietary Inflammatory Index scores | [
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pubmedcausal_20191 | Using Mendelian randomization as an alternative approach to investigate causality, we found a causal relationship between adiposity and facial aging, which was statistically strong and significant | [
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pubmedcausal_20234 | The current work provides evidence to support the causality of the six circulating metabolites on CRC and a new perspective on the exploration of the biological mechanisms of CRC by combining genomics and metabolomics. These findings contribute to the screening, prevention and treatment of CRC | [
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pubmedcausal_22004 | The findings demonstrated a significant negative and moderate association between missed perioperative care and both nurses' job embeddedness and polychronicity. Moreover, there was a moderately positive and significant correlation between polychronicity and job embeddedness. Path analysis revealed a significant positi... | [
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pubmedcausal_1821 | Sex ratios and incarceration rates were associated with the number of opposite-sex partners in some groups. Because the risk of HIV/ STI transmission depends, in part, on the number of partners, it is important to determine the causal relationships among these associations to help better understand racial/ethnic HIV/ST... | [
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pubmedcausal_10781 | Patients with psychiatric illness are more prone to develop obesity and dental caries due to general self-negligence associated with psychiatric illness and side effect of various medications used in psychiatry | [
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pubmedcausal_18745 | Prescription opioid misuse is an ongoing epidemic in the United States. Though the number of people misusing prescription opioids is declining, the prevalence of abuse and dependence remains stable. This highlights the need to identify and intervene in factors leading to the escalation of prescription opioid misuse | [
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pubmedcausal_5590 | Our study elucidates the bidirectional causal linkages involving cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy, and GERD. These results highlight the significance of GERD risk assessment in individuals suffering from biliary diseases and vice versa | [
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pubmedcausal_17089 | Family/community, Country and place, cultural identity and self-determination were strongly identified across reviews as having a positive impact on the health and wellbeing outcomes of Aboriginal peoples. Family/community and Country and place were found to be components of 'culture' that shaped cultural identity. Sel... | [
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] |
pubmedcausal_29109 | Bipolar disorder is frequently misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder, delaying appropriate treatment and worsening outcome for many bipolar individuals. Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar disorder. Measures of dysfunction in neural systems supporting emotion regulation might therefore help discrimin... | [] |
pubmedcausal_26085 | Identifying sharp-end causes leads to proposing weak recommendations which fail to address latent organisational conditions. The study proposed a guide for effective planning and implementation of remedial actions | [
[
0,
28
],
[
38,
123
]
] |
pubmedcausal_26334 | Our study firstly emphasized the genetically predicted causality between immune cells and gynecologic malignancies. This knowledge will be critical to formulating the measures to prevent malignancies in female at risk in future clinical practice | [
[
73,
85
],
[
90,
114
]
] |
pubmedcausal_26707 | Our results provide genetic support for a protective causal effect of oily fish intake on AD risk. Additionally, average monthly intake of other alcoholic drinks and tea consumption were also related with a lower risk of AD. Conversely, average weekly champagne plus white wine intake, Danish pastry intake, and doughnut... | [
[
70,
86
],
[
237,
284
],
[
358,
378
],
[
286,
306
],
[
312,
327
]
] |
pubmedcausal_9350 | Sarcopenia is a multifactorial geriatric syndrome with complex interrelationships. Increased plasma levels of inflammatory mediators increase the catabolic stimuli of the musculature, thereby causing a decrease in mass and muscular function | [
[
83,
132
],
[
133,
182
],
[
202,
240
]
] |
pubmedcausal_20471 | Observational studies have increasingly recognized the influence of gut microbes on blood pressure modulation. Despite these findings, a direct causal link between gut flora and hypertension remains unestablished due to inherent confounders and the challenges of reverse causality in observational research. In this stud... | [
[
378,
396
],
[
401,
444
],
[
220,
240
],
[
135,
212
],
[
245,
306
]
] |
pubmedcausal_3109 | This study provided evidence for the causalities between SM and PSs, which laid foundation for furthering clinical practice and research of microorganism-skin interaction | [
[
57,
59
],
[
64,
67
]
] |
pubmedcausal_10528 | The fetuses-at-risk approach models the causal impact of chorioamnionitis on the development of the fetal lung and shows an increased risk of RDS, BPD and perinatal death associated with such maternal infection | [
[
57,
73
]
] |
pubmedcausal_18372 | The use of AI in diagnostic laboratories greatly enhances exome sequencing analysis by reducing analysis time and increasing the diagnostic rate | [
[
4,
40
],
[
114,
144
]
] |
pubmedcausal_22550 | This MR study demonstrated that salicylates and antithrombotic agents can reduce the risk of PD, thus providing a novel avenue for future drug exploration in PD | [
[
32,
43
],
[
74,
95
],
[
48,
69
],
[
0,
95
]
] |
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