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pubmedcausal_20306 | This study provides genetic evidence supporting a positive casual association between IBD, including its subclassification as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and the risk of IgAN. However, no casual association was found between IBD and other types of kidney diseases. Further exploration of IBD interventions as... | [
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pubmedcausal_6078 | In conclusion, FH was causally positive-associated with the increased risk of intestinal vascular diseases, revealing a potential unfortunate outcome for FH. Therefore, patients with FH should pay closely attention to the risk of intestinal vascular diseases. Our study may provide evidence for new diagnostic and therap... | [
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pubmedcausal_28023 | Our findings demonstrate the utility of CCM in establishing causal linkages between malaria incidence and both climatic and non-climatic drivers. By identifying these causal links and suitability ranges, we provide valuable information for modelling the impact of future climate scenarios | [
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pubmedcausal_5662 | Our study demonstrates for the first time a causal association between PCOS and PIH and provides relevant mutation loci for subsequent studies from a genetic perspective | [
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pubmedcausal_2764 | Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Hypercholesterolemia is a significant causal factor of ischemic heart disease, contributing to half of all cardiovascular fatalities | [
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pubmedcausal_26656 | Cytokines and growth factors may serve as a bridge in studying the causal relationships between inflammaging and sarcopenia due to their roles in inflammaging. In this study, we aim to explore the causal association of cytokines with sarcopenia and aging traits and further identify the significant inflammation factors | [
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pubmedcausal_18200 | rTMS treatment not only improves the local neural activity in the middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and precuneus but also strengthens the bidirectional causal connectivity between the middle and superior frontal gyri and the causal connectivity from the inferior temporal to the middle frontal gyri. Changes... | [
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pubmedcausal_22727 | We have demonstrated the bidirectional effects of both PA and ST on a range of mental health outcomes using objectively measured predictors and MR methods for causal inference. Our findings support a causal role for PA and ST in the development of mental health problems and in affecting well-being | [
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pubmedcausal_26929 | Based on the discovered data, it was established that the phylum Firmicutes exhibits a causal relationship with a reduced occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis. This investigation could potentially provide novel insights into therapeutic objectives for atherosclerosis by focusing on the gut microbiota | [
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pubmedcausal_10585 | Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly obesity. Obesity may contribute to underlying gynecologic conditions leading to hysterectomy; however, surgical selection may also play a role | [
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pubmedcausal_24434 | Postoperative patients with primary HCC exhibit lower levels of PSA. Higher levels of psychological resilience and social support correspond to elevated PSA levels. Conversely, advanced age, greater financial burden, and increased FoP are associated with lower PSA levels. FoP serves as a partial mediator between psycho... | [
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pubmedcausal_14259 | The theory of change describes how evaluation questions asked by national malaria programmes in different contexts influence evaluation design. The transmission setting, existing stratification, and data quality and availability are also key considerations. The framework is intended for adaption by countries to their l... | [
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pubmedcausal_11209 | Linear increase in sleep duration has a small negative effect on reaction time and visual memory, but the true association might be non-linear, with evidence of associations for both short and long sleep duration. These findings suggest that sleep duration may represent a potential causal pathway for cognition | [
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pubmedcausal_8682 | Flupirtine and piroxicam reduced pain effectively but the onset of pain relief was earlier with piroxicam | [
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pubmedcausal_25408 | Our observations reveal large variations in instantaneous dose rates experienced by different volumes within our patient cohort, even when considering the same indications and beam arrangement. High dose rate regions are spatially overlapping with the radiation induced toxicity areas in the follow up images. At this po... | [
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pubmedcausal_7708 | Our study identifies Twinkle mutations as a cause of Perrault syndrome accompanied by neurologic features and expands the phenotypic spectrum of recessive disease caused by mutations in Twinkle. The phenotypic heterogeneity of conditions caused by Twinkle mutations and the genetic heterogeneity of Perrault syndrome cal... | [
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pubmedcausal_25004 | Our study provided strong evidence to support the causal role of GIPRAs on reducing the risk of NAFLD probably through improving lipid metabolism, especially TG and HDL-C, providing guidance for future clinical trials | [
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pubmedcausal_3047 | Firearm violence remains a leading cause of death and injury in the United States. Prior research supports that alcohol exposures, including individual-level alcohol use and alcohol control policies, are modifiable risk factors for firearm violence, yet additional research is needed to support prevention efforts | [
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pubmedcausal_4980 | Our study demonstrates a significant causal relationship between GAD and a more myopic MSE, though the effect size was relatively small. These findings could be taken into consideration while implementing mental health interventions in children | [
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pubmedcausal_17982 | Our MR study reaffirms previous findings and extends evidence to substantiate the causal effect of hyperglycemia on periodontitis. Future studies with robust genetic instruments are needed to confirm the causal association of periodontitis with glycemic traits | [
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pubmedcausal_27982 | This two-sample MR study demonstrated a causal relationship between lipid levels and LBP risk. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the causal association and specific underlying mechanisms by which lipid levels contribute to the development of LBP | [
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pubmedcausal_19091 | Post-kidney-transplant ECFCs showed significantly less proliferation, less migration and less angiogenesis compared to control ECFCs. The presence of post-kidney-transplant umbilical cord serum led to similar functional aberrations of ECFCs from uncomplicated pregnancies | [
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pubmedcausal_22484 | We demonstrated temporality and specificity in SAD-to-AUD association, which are considered signs of causation. We further identified and discussed problems in previous statistical analyses with different conclusions. Our findings add support for models positing causal effects of SAD on AUD, such as the self-medication... | [
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pubmedcausal_19733 | LICM in a setting where community mental services are scarce may benefit those at an early stage of psychotic illness, by leading to better social functioning and no higher use of unscheduled services at the end of the programme, possibly through their better prognosis and medication adherence. A more intensive case ma... | [
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pubmedcausal_22755 | Depression was causally related to decreased muscle mass, and declined muscle strength might lead to a higher risk of depression | [
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pubmedcausal_17060 | The findings suggest that even moderate sleep loss can inhibit criminal disclosure during interviews, point to motivational factors as responsible, and suggest investigators should be cautious when interrogating sleepy participants | [
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pubmedcausal_17820 | Symbolic regression is a way to find transformations of covariates from patients' medical records which can improve the performance of survival regression models. At the same time, these simple functions are intuitive and easy to apply in clinical settings. The direct interpretability of the simple forms may help resea... | [
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pubmedcausal_21555 | Our study suggests that maternal infection during pregnancy could be associated with an increased risk of ID in children. This finding is consistent across different types of studies and diagnostic criteria. However, due to the heterogeneity and limitations of the included studies, we recommend further longitudinal stu... | [
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pubmedcausal_1904 | We found very limited evidence that in certain cases mobile phone messaging interventions may support preventive health care, to improve health status and health behaviour outcomes. However, because of the low number of participants in three of the included studies, combined with study limitations of risk of bias and l... | [
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pubmedcausal_22907 | While our study is cross-sectional and thus cannot establish causality, one plausible interpretation of our findings is that higher FoMO tendencies may trigger excessive social media use, which in turn could lead to cognitive failures, possibly due to distraction and reduced attention to everyday tasks | [] |
pubmedcausal_26317 | To identify and classify clinical and laboratory adverse reactions caused by BNZ in terms of causality and severity | [
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pubmedcausal_5644 | The study demonstrated a potential causal link between several immunophenotypes and NAFLD, which contributes to advancing research and treatment of NAFLD based on immune-mediated mechanisms | [
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pubmedcausal_14184 | Mediation analysis suggests that the association between SES and BC survival can be explained by several factors. The mediators identified were not, however, able to fully explain the theoretical causal pathway between SES and survival, therefore, future studies should also include the investigation of other possible m... | [
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pubmedcausal_25825 | Although experimental psychopathology using PET, EEG, and fMRI is at the forefront of understanding the underlying mechanisms of sleep inertia, many questions concerning causality remain unanswerable due to ethical constraints and the use of small and heterogeneous samples in experimental methods. There is a pressing n... | [
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pubmedcausal_8736 | It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetes is associated with both the broader built environment and individual economic factors in China. China's sharp economic growth in the recent decades has greatly increased the prevalence of obesity and diabetes, when also considering other influential factors | [] |
pubmedcausal_14997 | ADRs caused a significant proportion of EU presentations, similar to findings from other resource-limited settings. The spectrum of ADR manifestations in our EUs reflects South Africa's colliding epidemics of infectious and non-communicable diseases. ADRs among HIV-positive EU attendees were more severe and less likely... | [
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pubmedcausal_6285 | The results of this study suggest that procrastination may help explain some of the links between morningness and burnout. Avoiding the procrastination tendencies of individuals, especially those who are evening-type, may be associated with lower levels of academic burnout, though causality cannot be confirmed due to t... | [
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pubmedcausal_12327 | We found complex evidence for causal association between IR and risk of breast cancer, which may support the potential value of intervention trials to lower IR and reduce breast cancer risk | [
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pubmedcausal_27597 | The results of our study reveal a notable cause-and-effect relationship between Getting up and Autoimmune hypothyroidism, indicating its potential role as a protective factor against this condition. However, no causal connection was observed between sleep traits and Graves' disease or Thyroid nodules | [
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pubmedcausal_14497 | High levels LDL-C and TG were causally associated with increased IHD risk in a Korean population, these results are potentially useful as evidence of a significant causal relationship | [
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pubmedcausal_5338 | Our MR analysis provided evidence for a causal association between gut microbiota and COPD, potentially mediated by immune cells | [
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pubmedcausal_21775 | Considering the known causal link between adhesions and pain, it is apparent that the favourable outcomes in the intervention group are linked to effective adhesion prevention. The significant increase in pregnancies is remarkable | [
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pubmedcausal_14075 | In resource-poor settings, lack of awareness and low demand for services constitute important barriers to expanding the coverage of effective interventions. In India, childhood immunization is a priority health strategy with suboptimal uptake | [
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pubmedcausal_6316 | We find strong evidence for causal effects, sometimes in opposing directions, of maternal and fetal genetically-instrumented proteins on birth weight. These provide new insights into maternal and fetal molecular mechanisms regulating fetal growth, involving glucose metabolism, energy balance, and vascular function that... | [
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pubmedcausal_3889 | This study provides causal evidence that geophagy is reduced by improvements in iron status and anemia during pregnancy | [
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pubmedcausal_19862 | We found that ketamine increased only mediated learning at a moderate dose in rats, but impaired direct learning at the high dose | [] |
pubmedcausal_22441 | Cue-reactivity is a critical step leading to the emergence of addictive psychology and the triggering of addictive behaviors within the framework of addiction theory and is considered a significant risk factor for addiction-related behaviors. However, the effect of cue-reactivity targeted smoking cessation intervention... | [
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pubmedcausal_17764 | We found that the inclusion of auxiliary variables reduced the empirical variance of inverse probability-weighted estimators. However, that reduction was not captured in standard errors computed using the robust variance estimator, which is widely used in weighted analyses due to the non-independence of weighted observ... | [
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pubmedcausal_12075 | This process evaluation provides a greater understanding of why STEPWISE was unsuccessful in promoting weight loss during the clinical trial. Further research is required to evaluate whether different levels of contact and objective monitoring can support people with schizophrenia to lose weight | [
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pubmedcausal_6360 | This study highlights the need for continued monitoring and evaluation of these drugs in clinical practice, as it first reveals their AEs in a large real-world sample population. Some AEs are generally consistent with the instructions and previous studies, but some unexpected AEs are detected for each drug. Due to the ... | [
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pubmedcausal_5657 | The use of celecoxib leads to an increased risk of thrombosis and suggests a causal relationship | [
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pubmedcausal_12998 | The majority of the older patients who were admitted to secondary care for acute illnesses were potentially exposed to IP. Approximately a quarter of the patients were prescribed with PIMs, which were plausibly linked with preventable ADEs that directly caused or contributed to hospitalization | [
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pubmedcausal_2510 | The incidence of DDI-related ADRs in elderly outpatients was significant, and most of the events presented important clinical consequences. Because clinicians still have difficulty managing this problem, highlighting the factors that increase the risk of DDI-related ADRs is essential. Polypharmacy was found to be a sig... | [
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pubmedcausal_20724 | When the outcome risk factor acts both as a mediator and selection factor, the adjustment for the risk factor in regression models leads to the estimation of what is known as a "controlled" direct effect. When the outcome risk factor is either a selection factor or a mediator alone, the adjustment for the risk factor i... | [
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pubmedcausal_2202 | AGE accumulate in bone collagen with age and diabetes and decrease the mechanical properties of bone. Although increased AGE levels are associated with fractures among diabetic patients and elderly women, it is unclear whether a relationship between increased AGE levels and bone strength is present in apparently health... | [
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pubmedcausal_27666 | Since the necessary cause for CC is persistent cervicovaginal HPV, all the risk factors implicated in the causality of CC act as non-independent cofactors that increase the risk of CC. Thus, changes in public policies aimed at addressing these risk factors are highly recommended and can substantially decrease the risk ... | [
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pubmedcausal_27528 | Our research showed that there is a causal relationship between sleep disturbances and frailty. This result was obtained by a TSMR analysis, which involves the use of genetic variation as an IV to determine causal relationships between exposure and outcome. Future TSMR studies should include a larger sample for analysi... | [
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pubmedcausal_27275 | The genetic-level investigation provides evidence of a genetic causal association between susceptibility to vitiligo and an increased risk of AITDs. Additionally, the results demonstrate a genetic causal association between susceptibility to AIT and an increased risk of vitiligo, while not indicating a similar associat... | [
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pubmedcausal_10635 | High level of plaque mutans streptococci is a risk factor for ECC in preschool children in Beijing. And longitudinal studies are needed to identify the causal relationships between the levels of mutans streptococci in dental plaque and caries development | [
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pubmedcausal_1935 | Normalization of blood pressure by hydralazine significantly reduced the incidence of ruptured aneurysms and the rupture rate. There was a dose-dependent relationship between reduction of blood pressure and prevention of aneurysmal rupture. Captopril and losartan were able to reduce rupture rate without affecting syste... | [
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pubmedcausal_10415 | The inflammation-driven IVD destruction was shown to be a prerequisite for axial disease progression to osteoproliferation in the PGISp mouse. Osteoproliferation led to vertebral body deformity and fusion but was never seen concurrent with persistent inflammation, suggesting a sequential process. The findings support t... | [
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pubmedcausal_27680 | This study utilizes Mendelian randomization analyses to establish a causal relationship between cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy, and reveals the impact of cystatin C on the risk of diabetic retinopathy, thus providing new evidence for clinical intervention of diabetic retinopathy | [
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pubmedcausal_20876 | This study conducted a two-sample MR analysis and discovered a positive causal relationship between schizophrenia and breast, ovarian, thyroid, lung, and colorectal cancers. On the other hand, an inverse causal relationship was found between schizophrenia and malignant neoplasm of the stomach | [
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pubmedcausal_21505 | This study revealed a potential causal association between per extra cup of tea and an increased risk of AD. Genetically predicted tea intake was associated with a decreased brain volume of gray matter and the right hippocampus, which indicates that over-drinking tea might lead to a decline in language and memory funct... | [
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pubmedcausal_27534 | Our findings revealed a causal relationship between leisure television watching and an increased risk of GERD, notably, the causal effect was partially mediated by cigarettes smoked per day. These findings may inform prevention and management strategies directed toward GERD | [
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pubmedcausal_27070 | The study revealed that consuming oily fish, yogurt, and dried fruits had a protective effect against IPF, whereas the consumption of alcoholic beverages and beef was linked to an increased risk of IPF | [
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pubmedcausal_27931 | This MR study unveiled a complex causal relationship between modifiable risk factors and FM. Psychosocial factors significantly increase the odds of FM, while obesity and some autoimmune diseases that frequently coexist with FM demonstrate causal associations. Additionally, lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption ... | [
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pubmedcausal_24412 | Employing a narrative review approach, we synthesized findings from Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed to analyze lifestyle impacts on circadian health, focusing on cortisol and melatonin chronobiology as molecular markers. We included studies that documented quantitative changes in these markers due to modern lifestyl... | [
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pubmedcausal_17947 | Despite the large amount of research on genetically predicted risk factors for cancer risk, limited associations are supported by robust evidence for causality. Most associations did not present a MR sensitivity analysis and were thus non-evaluable. Future research should focus on more thorough assessment of sensitivit... | [] |
pubmedcausal_20143 | Our univariable and multivariable MR analysis revealed that systemic lupus erythematosus was causally associated with hypothyroidism, but did not provided evidence to support a causal relationship of hypothyroidism on SLE or between SLE and hyperthyroidism | [
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pubmedcausal_27311 | Our findings provided compelling genetic evidence of causal inverse associations between cheese intake and various types of OA, including self-reported OA, OA of the hip or knee, knee OA, and hip OA, which may enhance the efficacy of OA prevention by deepening our comprehension of the involved risk factors | [
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pubmedcausal_24605 | The bidirectional MR study shed light on the intricate interplay between immune function and PTSD. The identification of a bidirectional causal relationship between T cells and PTSD opens new avenues for considering innovative approaches to the prevention and early intervention of PTSD | [
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pubmedcausal_5455 | When analyzing longitudinal data in the presence of time-dependent confounding using g-methods, intra-patient correlation due to repeated measurements of exposure and outcome should be accounted for in the causal reasoning | [
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pubmedcausal_25892 | This study uncovered associations between BPH and various comorbidities, emphasizing the causal relationships between BPH, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. Our research provides a new perspective in understanding the comorbid associations of BPH | [
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pubmedcausal_5477 | This MR study provides genetic evidence of a bidirectional causal relationship between FI and HF, highlighting the intertwined nature of frailty and heart failure. No genetically proxied causal associations were observed between FI and PNP or between PNP and HF. Further research, including age-stratified and longitudin... | [
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pubmedcausal_24656 | There is a causal relationship between myocardial infarction and osteoporosis | [
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pubmedcausal_25336 | Our study does not support a causal relationship between artificial sweetener intake and the risk of CKD. However, due to the limitations and potential confounding factors, these findings need to be further validated through larger sample sizes in observational studies and Mendelian randomization analyses | [
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pubmedcausal_7391 | Although there are a few observational epidemiologic studies and some randomized trials mostly due to the potential confounders, most studies reported a positive association linking between H. Pylori infection and iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia among children. In addition, it seems that elimination of H. Pyl... | [
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pubmedcausal_24938 | Causal associations were identified between skin microbiota, immune cells, and skin fibrosis. There is evidence that immune cells exert mediating effects on skin microbiota in skin fibrosis. In addition, some strains exhibit different effects on skin fibrosis in distinct environments | [
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pubmedcausal_23406 | In summary, our study identified PCLO as a common gene between OSA and MDD and provided evidence that MDD causally contributes to the development of OSA. These insights enhance our understanding of the shared mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of these conditions | [
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pubmedcausal_29346 | Low dose experimental rhinovirus infection in patients with COPD induces symptoms and lung function changes typical of an acute exacerbation of COPD, appears safe, and provides preliminary evidence of causation | [
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pubmedcausal_29436 | Taurolithocholate impairs bile salt secretion at the canalicular level. Bsep internalisation may be a causal factor which can be prevented by dibutyryl-cAMP | [
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pubmedcausal_522 | More of the public embraces a neurobiological understanding of mental illness. This view translates into support for services but not into a decrease in stigma. Reconfiguring stigma reduction strategies may require providers and advocates to shift to an emphasis on competence and inclusion | [
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pubmedcausal_26369 | This study provides the causal relationship between genetically predicted circulating Vitamin D levels and ALD and provides new insights into the genetics of ALD | [
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pubmedcausal_26708 | In this study, we have discovered a causal relationship between the presence of specific probiotics and pathogens in the host and the risk of PROM. The identification of specific gut microbiota associated with PROM through MR studies offers a novel approach to diagnosing and treating this condition, thereby providing a... | [
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pubmedcausal_22362 | Peaks for phonological and semantic errors were found in the STG while those for anomia and speech arrest were located in the MTG. Seed-based connectivity analysis revealed a local connectivity pattern for phonological and semantic errors, while anomia and speech arrest seeds resulted in a larger network between IFG an... | [
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pubmedcausal_16572 | Social isolation is causally associated with osteoarthritis, and further work is needed to investigate the potential mechanisms | [
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pubmedcausal_27243 | This MR study revealed that increases in obesity-related anthropometric indicators had causal associations with a higher risk of sepsis, which might provide important insights for the identification of individuals at risk for sepsis in community and hospital settings | [
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pubmedcausal_28470 | Magnetic resonance improves the triage for selective angiography and discloses complementary information for the diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection. If magnetic resonance identifies a double lumen or a mural haematoma with a stenosis or aneurysmal dilatation, invasive procedures can be omitted | [
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pubmedcausal_27769 | Our research suggests that PA is associated with a decrease in SC, provides a new perspective for future SC prevention. Our research findings bolster the hypothesis that increased levels of PA, characterized by average acceleration, are associated with a reduced risk of developing skin cancer. This has filled the gap o... | [
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63,
65
]
] |
pubmedcausal_19496 | Studies were eligible for the review if they: Reported on organized criminal groups as defined in this review.Investigated recruitment into organized crime as one of its main objectives.Provided quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods empirical analyses.Discussed sufficiently well-defined factors leading to recruit... | [
[
281,
301
],
[
123,
155
]
] |
pubmedcausal_27626 | Depressive spectrum disorders are common and can hinder breastfeeding success. While medications typically pose minimal risk, the concerns persist. This is the first study that investigates the prevalence and characteristics of drug-related problems among breastfeeding mothers with depressive spectrum disorders. We ana... | [
[
0,
29
]
] |
pubmedcausal_19224 | Our data indicate a cause-effect relationship between gut microbiota and PSCI for the first time, which is likely mediated by inflammation-regulating metabolites including LPS and butyrate | [
[
54,
68
],
[
73,
77
]
] |
pubmedcausal_21460 | Wide variations in facility staffing may lead to differences in care, and consequently, adverse outcomes such as hospitalizations. However, few studies focused on types of occupations. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between a wide variety of facility staffing and potentially avoidable hospitalizations o... | [
[
0,
129
],
[
205,
353
]
] |
pubmedcausal_23712 | The current study provides direct evidence that the previously reported hypertrophic phenotype of repolarization during cardiac unloading translates into an impaired ventricular repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias in vivo. This supports the concept that the reduction in cardiac workload is a causal driver of the... | [
[
265,
294
],
[
321,
376
]
] |
pubmedcausal_27615 | Our study revealed a negative causal relationship between testosterone and IBS risk, and SHBG appears to be inversely associated with FD. This provided new ideas for the prevention and control of IBS, and future research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these associations and their potential ... | [
[
58,
70
]
] |
pubmedcausal_15155 | Recent UK antibiotic stewardship policies have resulted in significant changes in primary care dispensing, but whether this has impacted antimicrobial resistance is unknown | [
[
0,
41
],
[
59,
105
]
] |
pubmedcausal_14240 | Students with early pubertal timing had less sleep duration and later bedtimes, which may be the result of increased stress caused by physical and psychological changes. Therefore, more attention should be paid to pubertal health education for adolescents during puberty. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confi... | [
[
107,
123
],
[
147,
168
]
] |
pubmedcausal_25290 | Black-identifying patients may be more likely to receive psychiatric consultation and be placed on legal holds because of a combination of chronic adverse social determinants of health and race-based bias. Conversely, Latinx patients may be less likely to receive psychiatric consultation because of language barriers am... | [
[
300,
337
],
[
218,
288
],
[
122,
205
],
[
0,
110
]
] |
pubmedcausal_24777 | Due to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential | [
[
7,
49
],
[
51,
125
]
] |
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