pre_text: .
post_text: ( 1 ) the company determines the adjustment for taxes on international operations based on the difference between the statutory tax rate applicable to earnings in each foreign jurisdiction and the enacted rate of 19.0% ( 19.0 % ) , 19.3% ( 19.3 % ) and 20.0% ( 20.0 % ) at december 31 , 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively . the benefit to the company 2019s effective income tax rate from taxes on international operations relates to benefits from lower-taxed global operations , primarily due to the use of global funding structures and the tax holiday in singapore . the impact decreased from 2017 to 2018 primarily as a result of the decrease in the u.s . federal tax ( 2 ) with the adoption of asu 2016-09 in 2017 , excess tax benefits and deficiencies from share-based payment transactions are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the company 2019s consolidated statements of income . ( 3 ) the impact of the tax reform act including the transition tax , the re-measurement of u.s . deferred tax assets and liabilities from 35% ( 35 % ) to 21% ( 21 % ) , withholding tax accruals , and the allocation of tax benefit between continuing operations and discontinued operations related to utilization of foreign tax credits. .
table: Years ended December 31 2018 2017 2016
table: Statutory tax rate 19.0% 19.3% 20.0%
table: U.S. state income taxes, net of U.S. federal benefit (0.4) (1.5) 0.4
table: Taxes on international operations<sup>(1)</sup> (7.3) (30.3) (12.2)
table: Nondeductible expenses 2.7 3.4 1.4
table: Adjustments to prior year tax requirements 0.9 2.0 (1.2)
table: Adjustments to valuation allowances 3.8 (1.8) (2.2)
table: Change in uncertain tax positions 0.9 1.6 3.2
table: Excess tax benefits related to shared based compensation<sup>(2)</sup> (3.6) (8.0) —
table: U.S. Tax Reform impact<sup>(3)</sup> 7.1 51.2 —
table: Loss on disposition (10.2) — —
table: Other — net (1.2) 0.6 1.2
table: Effective tax rate 11.7% 36.5% 10.6%
question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. what is the difference between the statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate for international operations in 2018?