pre_text: the following shares were excluded from the calculation of average shares outstanding 2013 diluted as their effect was anti- dilutive ( shares in millions ) . .
post_text: ( 1 ) the average exercise price of options per share was $ 26.79 , $ 33.32 , and $ 26.93 for 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively . in 2017 , had arconic generated sufficient net income , 30 million , 14 million , 5 million , and 1 million potential shares of common stock related to the mandatory convertible preferred stock , convertible notes , stock awards , and stock options , respectively , would have been included in diluted average shares outstanding . the mandatory convertible preferred stock converted on october 2 , 2017 ( see note i ) . in 2016 , had arconic generated sufficient net income , 28 million , 10 million , 4 million , and 1 million potential shares of common stock related to the mandatory convertible preferred stock , convertible notes , stock awards , and stock options , respectively , would have been included in diluted average shares outstanding. .
table: 2018 2017 2016
table: Mandatory convertible preferred stock n/a 39 39
table: Convertible notes — 14 14
table: Stock options<sup>(1)</sup> 9 11 13
table: Stock awards — 7 8
question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. considering the average exercise price of options , what is the increase in the total value of stock options observed during 2016 and 2017 , in millions of dollars?