pre_text: management 2019s discussion and analysis net interest income 2012 versus 2011 . net interest income on the consolidated statements of earnings was $ 3.88 billion for 2012 , 25% ( 25 % ) lower than 2011 . the decrease compared with 2011 was primarily due to lower average yields on financial instruments owned , at fair value , and collateralized agreements . 2011 versus 2010 . net interest income on the consolidated statements of earnings was $ 5.19 billion for 2011 , 6% ( 6 % ) lower than 2010 . the decrease compared with 2010 was primarily due to higher interest expense related to our long-term borrowings and higher dividend expense related to financial instruments sold , but not yet purchased , partially offset by an increase in interest income from higher yielding collateralized agreements . operating expenses our operating expenses are primarily influenced by compensation , headcount and levels of business activity . compensation and benefits includes salaries , discretionary compensation , amortization of equity awards and other items such as benefits . discretionary compensation is significantly impacted by , among other factors , the level of net revenues , overall financial performance , prevailing labor markets , business mix , the structure of our share-based compensation programs and the external environment . in the context of more difficult economic and financial conditions , the firm launched an initiative during the second quarter of 2011 to identify areas where we can operate more efficiently and reduce our operating expenses . during 2012 and 2011 , we announced targeted annual run rate compensation and non-compensation reductions of approximately $ 1.9 billion in aggregate . the table below presents our operating expenses and total staff. .
post_text: total staff at period-end 2 32400 33300 35700 1 . related revenues are included in 201cmarket making 201d on the consolidated statements of earnings . 2 . includes employees , consultants and temporary staff . 48 goldman sachs 2012 annual report .
table: Year Ended December
table: <i>$ in millions</i> 2012 2011 2010
table: Compensation and benefits $12,944 $12,223 $15,376
table: U.K. bank payrolltax — — 465
table: Brokerage, clearing, exchange anddistribution fees 2,208 2,463 2,281
table: Market development 509 640 530
table: Communications and technology 782 828 758
table: Depreciation and amortization 1,738 1,865 1,889
table: Occupancy 875 1,030 1,086
table: Professional fees 867 992 927
table: Insurance reserves<sup>1</sup> 598 529 398
table: Other expenses 2,435 2,072 2,559
table: Total non-compensation expenses 10,012 10,419 10,428
table: Total operating expenses $22,956 $22,642 $26,269
table: Total staff atperiod-end<sup>2</sup> 32,400 33,300 35,700
question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. what is the percentage change in total operating expenses in 2012?