pre_text: * 2019 results were impacted by Red Hat purchase accounting and acquisition-related activity. Total expense and other (income) increased 13.7 percent in the fourth quarter with an expense-to-revenue ratio of 32.6 percent compared to 28.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2018. The year-to-year increase was a result of higher spending (15 points) driven by Red Hat (15 points) and higher acquisitionrelated charges and amortization of acquired intangible assets associated with the Red Hat transaction (4 points), partially offset by higher divestiture gains (3 points) and lower non-operating retirement-related costs (3 points). Total operating (non-GAAP) expense and other income increased 14.7 percent year to year primarily driven by the higher spending, partially offset by the divestiture gains, as described above.
table: ($ in millions)
table: For the fourth quarter: 2019 2018 Yr.-to-Yr. Percent/ Margin Change*
table: Total consolidated expense and other (income) $7,107 $6,253 13.7%
table: Non-operating adjustments
table: Amortization of acquired intangible assets (294) (106) 176.0
table: Acquisition-related charges (27) (13) 104.7
table: Non-operating retirement related (costs)/income (196) (387) (49.4)
table: Operating (non-GAAP) expense and other (income) $6,591 $5,746 14.7%
table: Total consolidated expense-to-revenue ratio 32.6% 28.7% 3.9pts
table: Operating (non-GAAP) expense-to-revenue ratio 30.3% 26.4% 3.9pts
question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. What was the increase / (decrease) in Total consolidated expense and other (income) from 2018 to 2019?