pre_text: Operating Expenses Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased $47 million, or 30%, in 2019 compared to 2018. The overall increase was primarily due to increased employee compensation-related costs of $34 million, driven by headcount growth, and increased allocated shared costs of $8 million. Research and development expenses increased $45 million, or 39%, in 2018 compared to 2017. The overall increase was primarily due to increased employee compensation-related costs of $36 million, driven by headcount growth, and increased allocated shared costs of $6 million.
table: Year Ended December 31,
table: 2019 2018 2017 2018 to 2019 % change 2017 to 2018 % change
table: (In thousands, except percentages)
table: Research and Development $ 207,548 $ 160,260 $ 115,291 30% 39%
question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. What is the total increase in allocated shared costs from 2017 to 2019?