pre_text: Research and Development Expenses: research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related expenditures. We intend to continue to invest significantly in our research and development efforts because, in our judgment, they are essential to maintaining our competitive position. (1) Excluding stock-based compensation On a constant currency basis, total research and development expenses were flat in fiscal 2019, as lower employee related expenses including lower variable compensation were offset by an increase in stock-based compensation expenses .
table: Year Ended May 31,
table: Percent Change
table: (Dollars in millions) 2019 Actual Constant 2018
table: Research and development (1) $5,063 -2% 0% $5,163
table: Stock-based compensation 963 5% 5% 921
table: Total expenses $6,026 -1% 0% $6,084
table: % of Total Revenues 15% 15%
question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. How much more was the research and development expenses in 2018 compared to 2019?