pre_text: Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and includes compensation expense for the stock-based compensation awards granted or modified subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of the amended authoritative guidance. The impact on the Company’s results of operations of recording stock-based compensation expense for fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017 was as follows (in thousands): No stock-based compensation was capitalized or included in inventories at the end of 2019, 2018 and 2017.
table: Fiscal Years
table: 2019 2018 2017
table: Cost of revenue $78 $129 $121
table: Research and development 2,242 760 614
table: Selling, general and administrative 824 1,012 706
table: Total costs and expenses $3,144 $1,901 $1,441
question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. What is the average stock-based compensation for research and development in 2018 and 2019?