objectId stringlengths 64 64 | query stringlengths 5 78 | card_text stringlengths 48 7.98k |
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042fb4b0bf9c446c86ab5ca47194d4da6a65b064c042411d4f1117796a1c730f | climate change state cap and trade | That’s sufficient to solve the climate, maintain regulatory efficiency, and avoid the debt ceiling DA.
Stegman 15 (John Stegman, J.D. Santa Clara University School of Law, 2015, “Cooperative State Cap And Trade To Mitigate Climate Change,” Santa Clara Law Review Vo. 55, Rev. 215, https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/law... |
015945a7243ee8d386939b52e041ad1c6c1d83af4f9bb3cb35260b630f1888ed | indigenous movements pressured states | Indigenous political engagement is extremely successful because it co-opts the language of the state to strategically advance native interests while continuing to engage in movements outside the state.
Noisecat 17, 11th Hour Fellow at New America as well as a Fellow of the Type Media Center. Enrolled member of the Can... |
01dadc7009317de24f97b084934232c570b8081fa7d676a7aeb299600cc59bd4 | Bennet 12 | The aff’s method is key — we pose problems, study them, and then propose contingent solutions — that inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making
Bennet 12 — Sara Bennet (Poli Sci Prof at Penn State), 2012, “Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes,” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published. pages ... |
005c2876a89ea656d9ef3547fe421088b40677eb24a34b120c214dd9ef7870d4 | communism democratic decision making | The alternative is democratic-communism---an abolishment of markets, the state, AND the private sector.
Mau ’23 [Søren; July 18; Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Philosophy and the History of Ideas, Aarhus University, International Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Philosophy and Critical Thought, Department of Sociol... |
00a540ca4a6756c327fe18fc45649346f30dad1950ea7075b88465cf0b06c6ff | Yin Zou 24 | International trade is high, but fragile. Further protectionism pushes it over the edge.
Yin Zou 24. Executive Vice President of Corporate Development, DHL Group. “The pandemic exposed fragile supply chains: Here are 3 ways to strengthen them and build on global trade.” World Economic Forum. January 2, 2024. https://w... |
0410f92c6abf40936a510ba65ae7912bad1a019a6f5cebc8e4f6f837cd188f7f | Fed monetary policy nonpartisan | 1. Trump will wage a war against Fed independence. Partisan appointments of loyalists will inevitably undermine perception of neutrality.
Jordan Weissmann Former Lead Economics Writer for Slate & Washington Editor @ Semafor ’24 https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/08/donald-trump-federal-reserve-independ... |
03e663c47c8046c9743ecda97795633b7dd049c90929983c255aaa5e5484d27a | Meierding 2020 | No energy wars---barriers and payoffs check.
Meierding 20 (, E. L (2020) The Oil Wars Myth [Project Muse]. Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.84316. Emily Meierding is Associate Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. Her research has also examined international res... |
00a764277bae88fd7d9ca38ce5005a81b64171ccf4483732bac588cc86cc8ef3 | corn bad for cows | Feeding farm animals corn is a revolting manifestation of anthropocentrism and creates a rupture in nature
Pollan 2006, Michael (Michael Pollan is the Lewis K. Chan Arts Lecturer at Harvard University, and director of the Knight Program in Science and Environmental Journalism at UC Berkeley. He holds a bachelor’s from... |
0114879d01bcdb5dd8f55bdd78568cf8851fb21feb73829374023f43a740fca8 | Unethical resisting capitalism's reliance | 2 Unethical – Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale
Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
our ethico -political responsibility is to confront the violenc... |
02cc2377cce74519f1ff66716c62b6aa719d8c18cf99d3dc86c402f0a783dc6b | Trump nuke programs on steroids | Trump 2.0 guarantees nuclear war via arms racing, arms control erosion, debt explosion, and testing---extinction.
Cirincione ’24 [Joe; July 2; National Security Analyst, former President of the Ploughshares Fund, former Vice President of National Security at the Center for American Progress; Bulletin of the Atomic Sci... |
03a62c3a288791adcdb0a37174f3ecfa6ab79666ebe16b1a4485837ef599f8d0 | global catastrophe inflation | Fiscal miscalibration decimates markets. That guarantees extinction, escalating global tinderboxes and ruining societal adaptation.
Ellissa Cavaciuti-Wishart et al. 24, MPhil, Head, Global Risks, World Economic Forum; Sophie Heading, MA, Lead, Global Risks, World Economic Forum; Kevin Kohler, MA, Specialist, Global Ri... |
00cb1c8b7db6d0d087e343ac797be1038521494932e8a1084041bd2f2002a3ea | land use is minor | If there is an impact, its tiny compared to emissions benefits and improving.
Busse ’21 [Julie; January 28; Director of Renewable Fuels at National Corn Growers Association Strategic Leader; National Corn Growers Association, “New Study Highlights the Environmental Benefits of Corn-Ethanol Showing a Reduction in Carbo... |
00a247dab04ffb2b7f8537bdff8e1d7d722936f943503c9499725bb4b9605c53 | break Russian dominance | That’s key to maintain international non-prolif norms and break Russian dominance.
Ahn et. al 23 – Alan Ahn, Deputy Director for Nuclear for Third Way’s Climate and Energy Program, Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from Tufts University; Josh Freed, led Third Way’s clean energy and climate advocacy efforts; R... |
03f0db8a38bfeeb60775ffa1a80e40217386597c0d8f744dda6f049551aa4b2f | nuclear weapons terrorism | No nuclear terror.
Fettweis 19, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane and Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in US Foreign Policy (Christopher J. Fettweis, 2019, “Pessimism and Nostalgia in the Second Nuclear Age,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, University of Kansas Libraries, Lib Key)
nuc s have remain... |
03696049f42bcde171446b56099343876ab836f72936f7013f3b7e0ce3650196 | Unilateral declarations are binding | The ICJ will say: unilateral declarations that manifest intent are binding---that gets the U.S. on board.
Radavoi ’18 [Ciprian N.; Spring 2018; Lecturer in Law, University of New England, Australia, “Indirect Responsibility in Development Lending: Do Multilateral Banks Have an Obligation to Monitor Project Loans?,” 53... |
0306394aab041316f89961815f30a4274eddbbf57755f414437626d53e381885 | synthetic fuel technical hurdles | 2---Technical hurdles hinder adoption.
1AC Morris ’24 [James; May 7; Climate Risk and Resilience Manager for Accenture in the UK. James works extensively with Accenture’s global clients to manage the risks and opportunities to their business from the impacts of climate change; Karve International, “The Future of Susta... |
01987527165fc3e96fc068c88832bf79dbd5476dedf0206664ccf5b4dd7a788d | deontological imperative | Value to life is inevitable and subjective – their assertions are the only scenario for negative value
Schwartz, et al 2 Lisa, Lecturer in Philosophy of Medicine, Department of General Practice, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Paul Preece, Theme Coordinator of Medical Ethics, Dundee Medical School, Ninewells, Dun... |
0330b3c6d0a283d2bb7d2a8f65530dfc55cef529ae6c77b5db8c9aded68ca88f | Casteli et al 24 | 7---Yes the story of Sorrow is partly missing due to the misery of slavery that offense – the 1ac is a performance of critical fabulation
Casteli et al 24 (Published in European Journal of Pragmatism and American PhilosophyBodies, Voices, Relations: Thinking with Adriana Cavarero Journal of Italian Philosophy Volume 7... |
038b9d71736fa16eb05a7b3716922f2ccf76dc395d8c4d7ab56701a24d7cf870 | Middle East war unsustainable | No Middle East war and economic weakness prevents escalation.
Kaye 22, Senior Fellow, University of California Los Angeles Burkle Center for International Relations, former director, Center for Middle East Public Policy, RAND (Dalia Dassa Kaye, 2022, “America’s Role in a Post-American Middle East,” The Washington Quar... |
03e330953fc9ce9c062ff08340f7554a9f751f0612ccdcd5a5ebb6477d5e44aa | GOP fight climate bill | The GOP will fight tooth and nail against any climate bill – it’ll take a lot to get clean energy policies through
Tamborrino & Siegel 23 [Kelsey Tamborrino and Josh Siegel, "Big winners from Biden's climate law: Republicans who voted against it," POLITICO, 1-23-2023, https://www.politico.com/news/2023/01/23/red-state... |
017df8163945c6aeb9264a6d32401cb9ed75e9dd11ae9eb1df2fc4c26606f535 | Fear of death precludes hospitality | Fossil civilization’s fear of death precludes hospitality, making it impossible to cultivate existential affirmation.
James Rowe 23. [Associate Professor of environmental studies and cultural, social, and political thought at the University of Victoria. His interdisciplinary research program is motivated by a desire t... |
0321430a485cfb4933da3313dafae817b8858cf6f3f590d584456edeca30f319 | AI superintelligence control problem | Control problem is intractable – only solution is to never build AI
Geist 15 [Edward Moore Geist, MacArthur Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, 8/9/15, “Is artificial intelligence really an existential threat to humanity?,” http://thebulletin.org/artifici... |
00698b819946d8ccd0544d35f9347dc664c4b3f3b88a1cbf982be31272d915fa | Fusion produces no radioactive waste | Fusion produces no radioactive waste, uses seawater as its only fuel, and can’t meltdown.
Carr ’12 [Jacob; 2012; University of Pittsburgh and Research Engineer – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; “Nuclear Fusion Technologies and Their Applications as a Global Power Source”, 136.142.82.187/eng12/Ch... |
03e39034960c3ebd902d356eed4139f7dd4532db71348c3eb737c54e84b49f0c | carbon capture and storage | CCS locks in fossil fuel infrastructure.
Asayama '21 – Social Systems Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan (Shinichiro Asayama; "The Oxymoron of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Escaping Carbon Lock-In and yet Perpetuating the Fossil Status Quo?"; Frontiers in Climate, Vol. 3, Sec. Carbon Diox... |
0051d4c0beea7cd6a246f439d1af3f5ef80944c901deb18b3f8dfd77fe6946e5 | shadow banking market assets | Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.
Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the F... |
040bdf4e9aa80908e66c716b30a47e7e3f1fedaf2a7a3e650f05949d125ddcec | no such thing as innovation | There’s no such thing as ‘smart city innovation.’
Ziosi et al. 22, Marta Ziosi, Ph.D. candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, Co-Founder of AI for People, M.Sc. in Philosophy and Public Policy from the London School of Economics; Benjamin Hewitt, M.Sc. in the Social Science of the Internet from the Oxford Internet... |
0320296412285274854904cb6caced89e26584613ecaf05609383024da0058a8 | Ben Ho 22 | It solves & avoids backlash, but the perm and the plan link.
Ben Ho 22, Professor of economics at Vassar College and former lead energy economist for the White House Council of Economic Advisers, “Prioritising innovation: the case against the carbon tax”, Economist Impact, 11-16-22, https://impact.economist.com/sustai... |
00c29e00a4221139464354dabf8997b330f8bca0c835e7672bce1041a8e23a01 | Perm do both bad nihilism | 10. Perm Do both-- They are a bad form of nihilism which inappropriately accepts contingencies as givens---the AFF, and perm are strong nihilism---which acknowledges the truths of pessimist critique but acts nonetheless in an assertion of agency.
Devon R. Johnson 17, Devon R. Johnson completed his Ph.D. in philosophy ... |
03b6dfc5ba0151ce56208befeaa3a66db27b922ff578c37e4714454454f92e56 | inflation is corrosive on world order | Fiscal miscalibration decimates markets. That guarantees extinction, escalating global tinderboxes and ruining societal adaptation.
Ellissa Cavaciuti-Wishart et al. 24, MPhil, Head, Global Risks, World Economic Forum; Sophie Heading, MA, Lead, Global Risks, World Economic Forum; Kevin Kohler, MA, Specialist, Global Ri... |
02ac3685ccc138195afcc10b3c8eafc10c5cabf68bc4cb25a9bdb5761dfcfb16 | agonistic account of legal disagreement | And, the role of the ballot is to vote for whoever does the better debating over the resolutional question —this does not limit argumentative styles, but tying those to topical advocacy ensures clash which is the only vehicle for education debate provides
Poscher 16 [Director at the Institute for Staatswissenschaft an... |
02adabc5d00be3516e4fc948800122e072784969afb8c8c29e8b4b16c26785a9 | Black burial plots praxis | Thus, we affirm a praxis of the plot; the autopoietic reproduction of the memory of Black burial plots, communal farms, and spaces of healing redescribes the descriptive statement of man2 away from economic rationality.
Alex A. Moulton 24, Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental Science at... |
03ad86dc4044eb224baae3c4a4582827d8e1b0a45911d677536a70ec074f9447 | Warming is a market failure | Framing warming as a market failure is good---lack of pricing is the root cause of the problem, and any alternative fails.
Chun 21, Engineer at Tapestry, a company working on integrating renewable electricity into the grid, B.A., Computer Science and Economics at Dartmouth University (Steven Chun, January 21, 2021, “C... |
003b29261ad74f75a2e3a753f936a3919c6533cc700ba0ef15a57b64a3051ca7 | grounded normativity recenters debate | This is an acknowledgment that land and the environment have agential capacity. The production of archives has erased indigenous legacies for understanding land and interconnectivity, but grounded normativity recenters the debate over how to refuse conquest.
Byrd et. al 18 (Jodi Ann Byrd is an American indigenous acad... |
0017458e7068c9fad6bd9b7ff946296c0678c45cfcd1e8dda4f54fbbd54ed391 | oil never caused major conflicts | 2---Alt causes war, and any real oil wars didn’t escalate.
Meierding ‘20 [Emily; assistant professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Chicago,
the historical record indicates countries fought 180 oil wars a closer... |
03b742692443da3f06e29594fcaf339d598338f6f93f2df6aabb6e71b5624e75 | Electricity theft displays grid porosity | Decarbonization further electrifies modernity by circulating more energy and solidifying relationships of power that are anti-black. Siphoning energy can rework these structures of power.
Dr. Sage Gerson 22, Assistant Professor at the Rhode Island School of Design, June 2022, “Introduction: The Leaky Grid,” Introducti... |
023e1694fd7c47daf796980096560de4c66df1c4f60463850bae7468b916ca76 | utopian society liberalism abolish disability | The affirmative participation Liberalism systematically ensures that disabled people are excluded from participation within society and affirms liberalism. This perpetuates exclusionary ideas of disability. Ensures perm fails.
Pothier & Devlin 06, * Dianne graduated and received several academic awards from Dalhousie ... |
03c1502ed5a2075b65380a9f54f898e620b2411003f5d845a40133b9aea5542e | Jackson 24 | Advisors causes extinction.
Jackson ’24 [Van; June 18; PhD, Professor of International Relations at Victoria University of Wellington; Un-Diplomatic, “MAGA Geopolitics: Between Extinction and a New Dark Age,” https://www.un-diplomatic.com/p/maga-geopolitics-between-extinction]
China hawks Pottinger called for regime ... |
02e8480b9d35646e1f92eacdc7e918b2871830dbc274d738b058308024c08342 | trade policy closer to mainstream | Trump protectionism was just rhetoric- actual trade policies didn’t significantly change
James, 18 – Princeton University International Affairs professor
despite fiery rhetoric about trade wars implementation may play a lesser role Words are hotter than actions the actual trade policy is closer to mainstream The wh... |
02903b2dc043ef7e2738a5a900e01ad00ac4fb2e2e2885622a0e0f872005dc19 | knowledge would wait ready | It would give cause for intentional extinction AND if not, makes rebuilding inevitable.
Bostrom 19, Ph.D., Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford University, Founding Director of the Future of Humanity Institute (Nick Bostrom, 2019, “The Vulnerable World Hypothesis,” Global Policy, Vol. 10, No. 4, University... |
023fd2a0db490836443df1546bf7f1b78ab57caf571e14720783270432a76e90 | Pharma innovation is high now | Pharma Innovation is high now.
S&P Global 2/3 (Standards and Poor Global is an American company focusing on stock market information and American innovation.; “Pharmaceutical Industry 2025 Credit Outlook Is Stable as Healthy Revenue Growth Mitigates Pressures.” Spglobal.com, 2025, www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/research/... |
02a94b6d0bef41763d19c40009125c8057d50e1d0bb6749662b59e33240eb467 | AI energy consumption | AI innovation requires heaps of energy—REs just can’t keep up.
Mills ’24 [Mark P. Mills, Distinguished Senior Fellow, Texas Public Policy Foundation and Faculty Fellow, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, ”The ‘Energy Transition’ Won’t Happen,” CITY JOURNAL, 5—23—24, https://www.city-journal.org... |
007d8ac3fcd349c48caf671306caf47345f7d21fab9fabcaa1dd73e948e9ef72 | mbi moral outrage | Reject sweeping critiques of MBI – can’t disprove the aff without engaging policy specifics – MBIs increase public pressure to reduce corporate pollution
Kim 2024 – Hajin Kim, Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Law School (“Does Paying to Pollute Make Pollution Seem Less Bad?,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/pap... |
039a71ae12299f4f0ecbb23f48cb6378a0dcba249402dca424eb68227c09c0c9 | Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state | Pakistani foreclosure collapses the state.
Sareen 22, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, MA in Economics from the University of Delhi (Sushant Sareen, June 25, 2022, “Pakistanis confident the world won’t let a nuclear state collapse. They forget Soviet Union,” The Print, https://theprint.in/opinion/pak... |
02236c3bc2a01f41efee0239b4b5e6a5e53c4704c98678f00ca288ac4f4a3df3 | US commitments | Allied prolif, transition wars, nuke terror.
Wright 20 – Director, Center on the US & Europe and Sr. Fellow, Project on Internat’l Order & Strategy at Brookings
Trump increased U.S. commitments But could change quick retrenchment is the alternative a grave mistake destabilize regional security increase nuclear prolif... |
00ad9bb624c42e19204aa4e36eded83ebf2d650e160d3148601eb014595dbefc | Perm do both | Perm do both - solves all their offense because it reduces emissions in the short-term and builds a long-term sustainable future
Nick J. Fox 23, Professor of Sociology, Department of Social and Psychological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK, The Sociological Review, Vol. 71(5), pages 1129-1130, “Green capitali... |
0051d4c0beea7cd6a246f439d1af3f5ef80944c901deb18b3f8dfd77fe6946e5 | private credit raise shadow banking risks | Shadow banking is huge---it controls almost half of all financial assets AND is set to increase in risk.
Alexander Jones 24. Senior Vice President of Portfolio Management overseeing over $1 billion in debt financing, B.S. in Finance, "Banks’ Ballooning Appetites for Private Credit Raise Shadow Banking’s Risks to the F... |
030f3daded675cbbe3e93cf234d50f69ef5bd92f183a201e7602e4cda91f9146 | climate crisis normalizes violence | Rejecting climate policy cedes the political to eco-fascists, who will use the climate crisis to normalize their own violent ‘solutions.’
Knights 20 [Sam Knights is a writer, actor, and climate activist. He is the coeditor of This Is Not a Drill: An Extinction Rebellion Handbook. 11-16-20, The Climate Movement Must Be... |
004bf92d7a8ee7b1dbe91c8c1fd80c59960f8ff6b4a75c106c240ec57fb2670e | affects act as a scalar solution | Affect doesn’t scale up to material transformation
David Sergeant 18, Lecturer in English, University of Plymouth, School of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Plymouth, “Representing the Planet: Affect, Scale and Utopia,” Novel: A Forum on Fiction, https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/handle/10026.1/12724, [insert... |
005df452965ef8dbf7c487b904192ef80dce362ce2a412908ed710b5bd0d4af4 | Tax havens prove offshoring | Tax havens prove offshoring.
Asmin, Howell 16 – Ash Asmin, Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of Cambridge, UK, Phillip Howell, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geography at the University of Cambridge, 2016, “Releasing the Commons," Routledge Studies in Human Geography, https:... |
036c6fdace430d49f505290a50f01e39f0daed312219c8d77c9e93a24bd00f43 | Trump ignites global trade wars | 1 -- Double Bind – Either Trump ignites global trade wars on day one.
Economist 11-7, (11-7-2024, “The world faces its worst trade wars since the 1930s,” The Telegram, https://www.economist.com/international/2024/11/07/the-world-faces-its-worst-trade-wars-since-the-1930s)
THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple tr... |
014fae438be0ea0a865fe3046c36f0f972973b0b503e29d9d4eab66ae71a54bb | Saudi Arabia rentier model | The rentier model can endure boom and bust cycles---only the obsolescence of oil ends it.
Thafer 20, PhD, Executive Director of Gulf International Forum, Professorial Lecturer at the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies at Georgetown University. (Dania, 6-1-2020, "Saudi Arabia is addicted to the rentier model until th... |
02f4a029bf56359cf3bdb3d883a04776d7ac19a139f9bfd6585659785b04bd4b | Gas prices dropping 2025 | Inflation’s on the decline
Lee 12-31-24 [Anne Marie Lee, editor for CBS MoneyWatch, “Gas prices recede and could continue dropping in 2025, forecast finds,” 12-31-24, CBS News, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-predictions-gas-prices-us/]
expect lower gas prices as inflation eases amid booming domestic oil production... |
036cc157652779fb339d884ed92e169cc933afa8e76b7a9f5430d94ec6369c3f | OPEC output curb | Saudi oil revenue is strong and key to growth. Price drops are offset by production increases.
Chandak 10-23, polling correspondent. (Anant, 10-23-2024, “Saudi Arabian economic growth to accelerate in 2025 as oil taps open: Reuters poll,” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-arabian-economic-growth... |
037c8df11eac82ac23e62d38279ce7e6561339b083fd1ccee7353fed811ea42f | Hayes and Hafstead 2020 | Plan’s popular in PA – it immediately boosts fracking.
Kristin Hayes and Dr. Marc Hafstead 20. Senior Director for Research and Policy Engagement, Resources for the Future. Fellow, Director for Carbon Pricing Initiative, Director for Climate Finance and Financial Risk Initiative, Resources for the Future; PhD, Economi... |
0436cc43e009b7bca112eba6accada59ab6cd803594f79636b9a026f28d1a949 | toby ord | Disease can’t cause extinction
Ord ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]
pandemic fall short of a threat to humanity biolo... |
00f9261a2f6eb0159e95ea32e5ffe5f8297b430ceceac7e4981282c99badaf78 | wars occur in upturn | There’s zero correlation between decline and war.
Laio ’19 [Jianan; 2019; Shenzhen Nanshan Foreign Language School; International Symposium on Social Science and Management Innovation, “Business Cycle and War: A Literature Review and Evaluation,” vol. 68]
scholars who discussed relationship between cycle and war fail... |
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