canine_trials.csv

id,name,acronym,kind,status,setting,intervention,intervention_class,comparator,dose_regimen,duration,n,breed,age,primary_outcome,result,lead_organization,sponsor_or_funder,start_year,end_year,pmids,summary
l-deprenyl-beagle-survival-1997,L-deprenyl 1 mg/kg daily versus placebo survival study in 82 paired beagles,,controlled_trial,completed,,L-deprenyl,drug,placebo,1 mg/kg L-deprenyl orally once daily,2 years and 10 weeks,82,beagle,2.8 to 16.4 years,Survivorship (survival to the conclusion of the study),"When survivorship for all dogs in the study was analyzed there was no significant difference between the L-deprenyl and placebo treated groups. In the subset of elderly dogs, dogs in the L-deprenyl group survived longer (p < 0.05) than dogs in the placebo group: twelve of 15 (80%) L-deprenyl dogs survived to the conclusion of the study, in contrast to only 7 of 18 (39%) of the dogs who received placebo (P=0.017).",,,,,9307048,"Eighty-two beagles aged 2.8 to 16.4 years were allotted to 41 pairs and given placebo or 1 mg/kg L-deprenyl orally once daily for 2 years and 10 weeks. Across all dogs there was no significant difference in survivorship between the groups. In a subset of elderly dogs aged 10 to 15 years at the start who received tablets for at least 6 months, L-deprenyl-treated dogs survived longer (p < 0.05), with 12 of 15 surviving to the end of the study versus 7 of 18 on placebo (P=0.017)."
selegiline-cds-open-label-2001,Selegiline hydrochloride (Anipryl) in dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome: noncomparative open-label study,,single_arm_trial,completed,,"Selegiline hydrochloride (Anipryl), oral",drug,None (noncomparative open-label study),0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg orally once daily,60 days,641,,,Overall improvement and response by clinical sign on days 30 and 60; adverse events,"Response to selegiline treatment on days 30 and 60 were similar. On day 60, 77.2% of dogs showed an overall improvement; response to treatment by clinical sign ranged from 67.8% (activity or sleep/wake cycle) to 77.8% (disorientation and interaction with family members). Diarrhea (4.2%), anorexia (3.6%), and vomiting/salivation (3.4%) were noted most frequently. Results of this study indicate the majority of the dogs with CDS responded to treatment with Anipryl by day 30.",,,,,19753696,"In a single-arm open-label study, 641 dogs with clinical signs of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome received oral selegiline hydrochloride at 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg once daily for 60 days. Responses at days 30 and 60 were similar; on day 60, 77.2% of dogs showed overall improvement, with sign-specific response rates from 67.8% to 77.8%. Diarrhea (4.2%), anorexia (3.6%) and vomiting/salivation (3.4%) were the most frequent adverse events."
n6-n3-fatty-acids-vitamin-e-immune-geriatric-beagles-2003,Dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio and vitamin E on immune response and T cell subpopulations of healthy geriatric Beagles,,controlled_trial,completed,,Foods with low (1.4:1) or high (40:1) n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios in combination with three concentrations of all rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate,diet_or_supplement,Factorial comparison across the diet groups (no separate untreated control stated),"n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio 1.4:1 or 40:1; all rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate low 17 mg/kg of food, medium 101 mg/kg, high 447 mg/kg; keyhole limpet hemocyanin inoculation at 13 and 15 weeks",17 weeks,32,Beagle,7- to 10-year old,"Immune functions and T cell subpopulations (percentages of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ to CD8+ ratio) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test response","After 12 weeks, dogs consuming low concentrations of alpha-tocopheryl acetate had lower percentages of CD8+ T cells and higher CD4+ to CD8+ ratios than dogs on medium or high concentrations; dogs consuming low n-3 fatty acids with medium alpha-tocopheryl acetate had the largest DTH response. The authors conclude that an optimum amount of dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate, regardless of the n-6 to n-3 ratio, stimulates the CD8+ T cell population, and that its effects on the DTH response are blunted by dietary n-3 fatty acids.",,,,,12828263,"Thirty-two healthy female Beagles aged 7 to 10 years were fed for 17 weeks foods combining a low (1.4:1) or high (40:1) n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio with low, medium or high alpha-tocopheryl acetate, and were inoculated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin at weeks 13 and 15, to determine effects on immune function and T cell subpopulations. Dogs on low vitamin E had lower CD8+ T cell percentages and higher CD4+:CD8+ ratios than dogs on medium or high vitamin E, and the largest DTH skin response occurred with low n-3 and medium vitamin E. The authors conclude an optimum vitamin E level stimulates CD8+ T cells regardless of fatty acid ratio, while n-3 fatty acids blunt its effect on DTH."
beagle-antioxidant-cofactor-landmark-discrimination-2004,"Prior experience, antioxidants and mitochondrial cofactors in aged beagles (landmark discrimination)",,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,,Food providing higher levels of vitamin E (antioxidants and mitochondrial cofactors),diet_or_supplement,,,,,,aged dogs,Performance on landmark-discrimination tasks; serum vitamin E concentrations,providing higher levels of vitamin E in food resulted in higher serum vitamin E concentrations and improved performance on landmark-discrimination tasks in aged dogs. Factors other than vitamin E also contributed to the response but remain undefined.,,,,,15150725,"This study fed aged dogs food providing higher levels of vitamin E and tested them on landmark-discrimination tasks. Higher dietary vitamin E produced higher serum vitamin E concentrations and improved landmark-discrimination performance, although factors other than vitamin E also contributed to the response. The published abstract gives no sample size, dose, duration or comparator."
ginseng-brewers-yeast-gerivet-geriatric-dogs-2007,Panax Ginseng with brewers' yeast (Gerivet) as a stimulant for geriatric dogs,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) together with brewers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae),diet_or_supplement,"Brewers' yeast only (control group, but not a true placebo); an external group was also used for comparison",,"8 weeks of treatment, with follow-up at 12 and 16 weeks",80,,,"Owner questionnaire and three visual analogue scales: seven primary (mental) outcome measures and secondary (physical) outcome measures, as change from baseline","Panax Ginseng plus yeast significantly improved all evaluated variables within the group. Four of the seven primary (mentally) outcome measures were significant when comparing the changes in the Ginseng group with the control group, and six of the seven were significant when compared to an external group. As the secondary (physical) outcome measures were significantly better in both the Ginseng and the control group compared to the external group, it indicates that brewers' yeast is the ingredient that has impact on physical performance. No significant changes in blood- or urine analyses and no side effects were seen.",,,,,17610402,"Eighty dogs were given either Panax Ginseng with brewers' yeast (n = 41) or brewers' yeast alone as a non-placebo control (n = 39) for 8 weeks, with blinded owners scoring a questionnaire and three visual analogue scales weekly and at 12 and 16 weeks of follow-up. Ginseng plus yeast improved all variables within its group; four of seven primary mental measures were significantly better than the control group and six of seven better than an external group. Physical measures improved in both treated groups relative to the external group, attributed to the yeast, and no side effects or blood or urine changes were seen."
beagle-phosphatidylserine-ginkgo-nutraceutical-crossover-2008,"Nutraceutical supplement (phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin E, pyridoxine) for short-term memory in aged beagles",,crossover_trial,completed,,"Commercially available nutraceutical supplement containing phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin E, and pyridoxine",diet_or_supplement,Control substance,,,9,Beagle,aged,Performance accuracy on a delayed-non-matching-to-position task (short-term visuospatial memory),Performance accuracy was significantly improved in supplemented dogs compared with control dogs and the effect was long lasting.,,,,,18481547,"Nine aged beagles were tested on a delayed-non-matching-to-position task of short-term visuospatial memory, then given a commercial nutraceutical containing phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, vitamin E and pyridoxine or a control substance in a two-phase crossover design. Performance accuracy was significantly improved in supplemented dogs compared with controls, and the effect was long lasting. Dose and phase duration are not given in the abstract."
same-cognitive-decline-rct-2008,S-adenosylmethionine (Novifit) for age-related mental decline in dogs: double-blinded placebo-controlled trial,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,,"Oral S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) tosylate tablets (Novifit tablets, Virbac)",diet_or_supplement,Identical placebo tablets,"18 mg/kg SAMe tosylate, oral tablets, for 2 months",2 months,36,,older than 8 years,"14-item standardized questionnaire evaluating behavior and locomotion difficulties (activity, awareness, aggregate mental impairment score)","Compared with the placebo group, SAMe-treated dogs showed greater improvement in activity (41.7% versus 2.6% after 4 weeks, P<.0003; 57.1% versus 9.0% after 8 weeks, P<.003) and awareness (33.3% versus 17.9% after 4 weeks, P<.05; 59.5% versus 21.4% after 8 weeks, P<.01). The aggregate mental impairment score was reduced by more than 50% in 41.2% and 15.8% of dogs treated with SAMe and placebo, respectively, at week 8. SAMe tosylate tablets proved safe and effective in improving signs of age-related mental decline in dogs.",,,,,18597245,"Thirty-six dogs older than 8 years with at least one month of cognitive dysfunction signs received 18 mg/kg oral SAMe tosylate (n=17) or identical placebo tablets (n=19) for 2 months, with behavior and locomotion scored on a 14-item questionnaire. SAMe-treated dogs improved more than placebo in activity and awareness at 4 and 8 weeks, and 41.2% versus 15.8% had their aggregate mental impairment score reduced by more than half at week 8. The authors conclude SAMe tosylate tablets were safe and effective for signs of age-related mental decline."
beagle-antioxidant-diet-behavioral-enrichment,Antioxidant-fortified diet and behavioral enrichment in aged beagles (longitudinal study),,controlled_trial,completed,,"Antioxidant-fortified food (a broad spectrum of antioxidants and mitochondrial enzymatic cofactors) and a program of behavioral enrichment (increased exercise, environmental enrichment, and a series of learning tasks), alone and combined in a 2 x 2 factorial design",combination,Control food and control (normal level) environment,,"2-year longitudinal study; cognitive testing after 6 months, 1 year and 2 years of treatment",48,Beagle,9-12 years (aged groups),Discrimination and reversal learning (oddity discrimination after 6 months; size discrimination and reversal after 1 year; black/white discrimination after 2 years); neutrophil phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation in an immune sub-analysis,"At one and two years, the aged combined treatment group showed more accurate learning than the other aged groups. Discrimination learning was significantly improved by behavioral enrichment. Reversal learning was improved by both behavioral enrichment and dietary fortification. By contrast, the fortified food had no effect on the young dogs. In the immune sub-analysis, neutrophil phagocytosis was significantly increased in dogs receiving both dietary antioxidants and cognitive enrichment.",,,,,12392778;15130670;15585348;16806493;17717087;19714491,"A longitudinal controlled study in beagles tested an antioxidant-fortified food and a program of behavioral enrichment, alone and combined, against control food and a control environment in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Forty-eight aged dogs (9-12 years) were assigned from baseline cognitive scores into four cognitively equivalent groups of 12, with additional groups of young dogs. Discrimination and reversal learning were tested after 6 months, 1 year and 2 years of treatment; the combined-treatment group learned more accurately than the other aged groups at one and two years, enrichment improved discrimination learning, and both treatments improved reversal learning. An immune sub-analysis of 21 dogs found neutrophil phagocytosis significantly increased in dogs receiving both treatments."
purina-lifetime-diet-restriction,Lifetime 25% diet restriction paired-feeding study in 48 Labrador Retrievers,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,,"25% diet restriction (each restricted dog fed 75% of the food consumed by its control-fed pair mate; same diet, only the quantity differed)",diet_restriction,Control-fed (CF) pair mate,25% less food than the pair-mate (75% of the total food consumed by the control-fed pair mate); feeding began at age 8 weeks,From 8 weeks of age until death (lifetime); body composition measured annually until 12 years of age; immune parameters monitored from 4 to 13 years,48,Labrador Retriever,Paired at age 6 weeks; feeding protocol from 8 weeks of age until death,"Life span (median: age when 50% of dogs deceased; maximum: age when 90% deceased), age at onset of chronic disease, and markers of aging (serum biochemistry, body condition, body composition)","Median life span was significantly longer for dogs in which food was restricted (1.8 years longer median lifespan among diet-restricted dogs), and the onset of clinical signs of chronic disease generally was delayed, especially osteoarthritis. CR retarded age-related declines in lymphoproliferative responses and lymphocyte subsets. No differences in prevalence or severity of radiographic and histopathologic elbow OA were found between feeding groups; long-term DR did not negatively affect skeletal maturation, structure or metabolism.",,,,,11991408;18062831;16567002;19236677,"Forty-eight Labrador Retrievers from seven litters were paired by sex and weight, and one dog in each pair was randomly assigned to receive 25% less food than its control-fed pair mate from 8 weeks of age until death. Median life span was significantly longer in the diet-restricted dogs (1.8 years longer), and the onset of clinical signs of chronic disease, especially osteoarthritis, was delayed. Diet restriction also retarded age-related declines in lymphoproliferative responses and lymphocyte subsets and did not negatively affect skeletal maturation, while elbow osteoarthritis prevalence and severity did not differ between feeding groups."
skn-cell-therapy-canine-cognitive-dysfunction-sydney-2022,Autologous skin-derived neural precursor (SKN) cell therapy for canine cognitive dysfunction in older companion dogs (DOGS + CELLS trial),DOGS + CELLS,single_arm_trial,completed,client_owned,Direct microinjection of autologous skin-derived neuroprecursors (SKNs) into the bilateral hippocampus using MRI-guided stereotaxis,cell_or_gene_therapy,"None (open-label, no control arm); post-mortem histology compared with a brain bank (N = 12) of untreated aged dogs","250,000 autologous SKNs microinjected into the bilateral hippocampus",3-month primary endpoint; clinical follow-up up to 2 years,6,,aged 10-16 years,Change in the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale (CCDR) from baseline to 3 months post treatment; safety assessed clinically,"Four out-of-five dogs improved on the primary clinical CCDR endpoint, three fell below diagnostic threshold, and two underwent full syndromal reversal lasting up to 2 years (modified ITT paired T test = 3.06, df = 4, p = 0.038). At post mortem, hippocampal synaptic density was nine standard deviations above non-treated dogs. There was no impact on AD pathology or long-term safety signals; one patient had a surgical adverse event requiring euthanasia.",University of Sydney,,2012,2020,35715872;35715872,"An open-label Phase 1/2A veterinary trial at the University of Sydney, run over 2012-2020, treated six older companion dogs (aged 10-16 years) with a definitive diagnosis of canine cognitive dysfunction by MRI-guided microinjection of 250,000 autologous skin-derived neural precursor cells into both hippocampi. The primary endpoint was change in the CCDR scale at 3 months. Four of five evaluable dogs improved, three fell below the diagnostic threshold and two showed full syndromal reversal lasting up to 2 years; one dog had a surgical adverse event requiring euthanasia, and post-mortem hippocampal synaptic density was far above untreated dogs."
golden-retriever-lifetime-study,Golden Retriever Lifetime Study (Morris Animal Foundation),GRLS,longitudinal_cohort,ongoing,client_owned,,none,,,lifetime follow-up; baseline enrolment June 2012 to April 2015,3044,Golden Retriever,6 months to 2 years at enrolment,"incidence of hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma, osteosarcoma and high-grade mast cell tumors; secondary outcomes include other cancers, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, atopy, otitis externa, hip dysplasia, heart failure and renal failure",,Morris Animal Foundation,Morris Animal Foundation,2012,,35679242,"The Golden Retriever Lifetime Study is a prospective cohort of 3,044 US Golden Retrievers enrolled between 2012 and 2015 at 6 months to 2 years of age, followed for life with annual owner and veterinarian questionnaires, examinations and biobanked samples. Its primary outcomes are four cancers; secondary outcomes include other cancers and common age-related diseases. Questionnaire data are available to approved researchers under a data use agreement."
mct-fish-oil-carnitine-beagles-serum-aging-2012,"Medium-chain triglyceride, fish oil and L-carnitine enriched foods against age-associated serum fatty acid and carnitine changes in healthy Beagles",,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,laboratory_colony,"Foods enriched with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), fish oil and L-carnitine (two treatment foods)",diet_or_supplement,Control food,"Treatment diets contained added L-carnitine (300 mg/kg) and 0.6% (treatment food 1) or 1.5% (treatment food 2) added fish oil; treatment food 2 also had increased MCT from coconut oil, added corn oil and reduced animal fat",6 months,41,Beagle,mean age 9.9 years (range 3.1 to 14.8),Serum fatty acid composition (gas chromatography) and serum carnitine metabolites (metabolomic profiling); body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry,"Serum concentrations of carnitine metabolites were decreased in geriatric (>7 years) vs. mature adult (<= 7 years) dogs, and supplementation with L-carnitine attenuated the effects of aging; serum eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic FA increased in a dose-dependent manner; no change in total-lean-body weight, serum total protein or albumin by time or dietary treatment. The authors summarise that dietary MCT, fish oil, and L-carnitine counterbalanced the effects of aging on circulating concentrations of these compounds.","Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, USA",,,,23145181;23145181,"Forty-one healthy Beagles (mean age 9.9 years, range 3.1 to 14.8) housed at a Hill's colony were randomized to a control food or one of two foods enriched with L-carnitine and fish oil, the second also containing medium-chain triglycerides, for 6 months. The stated purpose was to test whether these foods offset age-associated changes in serum fatty acids and carnitine metabolites. Carnitine metabolites were lower in geriatric than mature dogs and L-carnitine supplementation attenuated this, while serum EPA and DHA rose dose-dependently; the authors conclude the diet counterbalanced the effects of aging on these circulating compounds."
astaxanthin-mitochondrial-function-beagles-2013,Dietary astaxanthin and age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in young and geriatric Beagles,,controlled_trial,completed,,Astaxanthin fed daily,diet_or_supplement,0 mg astaxanthin,0 or 20 mg astaxanthin daily for 16 wk,"16 wk (blood sampled wk 0, 8 and 16)",28,Beagle,young (2.97±0.01 yr) and geriatric (10.71±0.01 yr),"Leukocyte mitochondrial function (membrane permeability, ATP production, cytochrome c oxidase/reductase, mitochondrial number) and plasma oxidative stress markers","Mitochondrial function improved in both young and geriatric dogs by increasing (P<0.05) ATP production, mitochondria mass, and cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity, especially in geriatric dogs compared with young dogs; astaxanthin also increased the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio in young dogs and decreased nitric oxide in both age groups. Dietary astaxanthin improved mitochondrial function in blood leukocytes, most likely by alleviating oxidative damage to cellular DNA and protein.",,,,,23100599,"Healthy female Beagles in a young (about 3 years) and a geriatric (about 10.7 years) group, 14 per age group, were fed 0 or 20 mg astaxanthin daily for 16 weeks to examine modulation of age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Leukocyte mitochondrial function and plasma oxidative markers were measured at weeks 0, 8 and 16. Astaxanthin increased ATP production, mitochondrial mass and cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity, especially in geriatric dogs, and lowered nitric oxide in both age groups."
mannac-place-learning-crossover-2014,N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) for age-related decline in place learning in dogs,,crossover_trial,completed,,"N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), oral capsule",drug,"Glucose capsule (control, equivalent calorie value)",One capsule containing 250 mg ManNAc or glucose orally once a day for 2 months,2-month courses of each treatment in a crossover design with a 1-month washout period,5,Labrador Retriever,93.60 ± 11.98 months,Number of error trials in a place-learning test; active-resting cycle (daytime/nighttime motor activity ratio),"ManNAc treatment significantly reduced the number of error trials in the place-learning test, especially in the first month of administration. Three ManNAc-treated dogs also showed improvement in the active-resting cycle. In conclusion, ManNAc treatment appears to alleviate age-related cognitive dysfunction.",,,,,24430654;24430654,"Five older Labrador Retrievers (93.60 ± 11.98 months) with low cognitive levels, living at a guide dog facility, received 2-month courses of 250 mg oral ManNAc and of glucose control in a crossover design with a 1-month washout. ManNAc significantly reduced place-learning error trials, especially in the first month, and three dogs improved in their active-resting cycle. Because the sample was 4 or 5 dogs, significance was set at 10%."
hills-functional-foods-renal-function-geriatric-colony-2016,Renal protective foods with functional food bioactives against age-associated decline in renal function (Hill's geriatric Beagle colony),,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,laboratory_colony,"Control renal protective food supplemented with increasing amounts of functional food bioactives (fish oil, lipoic acid, fruits and vegetables, higher quality protein sources): functional foods FF1 and FF2",diet_or_supplement,Traditional renal protective food (control; energy dense and mildly protein-restricted; Hill's Science Diet Mature Adult),"Both functional foods contained 0.5% fish oil and 100 mg/kg lipoic acid; FF1 contained 2.75% fruits and vegetables, 7% egg protein and 7.5% wet meat chicken; FF2 contained 7.5% fruits and vegetables, 14% egg protein, 10% wet meat chicken and 955 IU/kg a-tocopherol acetate",6 months,111,Beagle,"geriatric: mean age 10.4, range 7.9-14.2 years; mature adult: mean age 5.0, range 3.3-6.9 years","Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), lean body percent (LB%) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and circulating biomarkers and metabolites including symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)","Geriatric dogs consuming all three foods increased (P<0.001) GFR over time; group averages ranged from 13.0-16.9%. Dogs fed the highest supplemented level of bioactives (FF2) had lower (P<0.001) SDMA concentrations (-14.3%). Feeding functional foods did not alter body weight, but increased (P<0.001) serum protein concentration (+6.7%). The authors conclude that supplementation with functional food bioactives can temporarily reverse the age-associated decline in renal function and serum total protein.","Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS","Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.",,,27925141;27925141,"Eighty-one healthy geriatric Beagles (mean 10.4 years) at the Hill's Pet Nutrition colony were randomly assigned, after blocking for sex, to a control renal protective food or to one of two functional foods (FF1, FF2) with increasing amounts of fish oil, lipoic acid, fruits and vegetables and higher quality protein, for 6 months; 30 mature adult dogs served as a cross-sectional comparison. GFR, lean body percent and circulating biomarkers were measured. GFR increased over time in all three geriatric groups, FF2 lowered SDMA by 14.3%, and serum protein rose; the authors conclude functional food bioactives can temporarily reverse the age-associated decline in renal function."
hills-test-food-sdma-client-owned-geriatric-dogs-2016,Test food designed to promote healthy aging vs owner's-choice foods on serum SDMA and creatinine in client-owned geriatric dogs,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,"Test food (renal protective food) containing functional lipids (fish oil), antioxidants (lipoic acid, vitamins C and E), L-carnitine, botanicals (fruits and vegetables), controlled sodium concentration and high quality protein sources",diet_or_supplement,Owner's-choice foods (non-nutritionally controlled cohort),,"6 months (biomarkers evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months)",210,,"small (6.8 to 11.4 kg) and medium dogs (11.5 to 22.7 kg) were >= 9 years, dogs >22.7 kg were >= 7 years at baseline; enrolled dogs had mean age 9.7 years (range 7 to 15 years)","Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations, plus urinalysis, at baseline, 3 and 6 months","Only dogs consuming test food showed significant decreases in serum SDMA and Cr concentrations (both P <= 0.05) across time. Among 18 dogs with increased SDMA but normal Cr (consistent with IRIS Stage 1 CKD), the decreases in serum SDMA and Cr were significant (both P = 0.03) only for dogs fed test food.","Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS (protocol approval and test food); contract research organization with seventeen US veterinary clinics",,,,27088214;27088214,"A prospective 6-month feeding study in client-owned geriatric dogs recruited through seventeen US veterinary clinics randomized dogs to a Hill's test food designed to promote healthy aging (fish oil, lipoic acid, vitamins C and E, L-carnitine, fruits and vegetables, controlled sodium, high quality protein) or to owner's-choice foods; 255 dogs were enrolled and 210 are reported in the abstract. Serum SDMA and creatinine were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Only dogs fed the test food showed significant decreases in SDMA and creatinine across time, including among the 18 dogs with elevated SDMA consistent with IRIS Stage 1 CKD."
beagle-abeta-vaccination-behavioral-enrichment,Aβ vaccination combined with behavioral enrichment in aged beagles,,controlled_trial,completed,laboratory_colony,"Active vaccine against fibrillar Aβ 1-42 (VAC) and behavioral enrichment (ENR), alone and combined",combination,Control/control group: alum-only injections without behavioral enrichment,"0.5 mg fibrillar Aβ with 2% aluminum hydroxide (alum) injected subcutaneously, boosted after 2 weeks and then monthly; control animals received alum injections. Enrichment: two 20-min outdoor group walks weekly, weekly rotation of play toys, and cognitive enrichment tasks",20 months,34,Beagle,11-12 years (abstract); 10.5-13.6 years at study start (full text),"Cognition (learning and memory), brain Aβ and pyroglutamate Aβ, cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42, brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA, and microhemorrhages","VAC decreased brain Aβ, pyroglutamate Aβ, increased cerebrospinal fluid Aβ 42 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor RNA levels but also increased microhemorrhages. ENR reduced brain Aβ and prevented microhemorrhages. The combination treatment resulted in a significant maintenance of learning over time, reduced Aβ, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA despite increased microhemorrhages; however, there were no benefits to memory.",,,,,27776266;27776266,"Thirty-four aged beagles (11-12 years) were assigned, balancing baseline cognitive scores, sex and age, to control, active fibrillar Aβ 1-42 vaccine, behavioral enrichment, or vaccine plus enrichment groups and treated for 20 months. The vaccine (0.5 mg fibrillar Aβ with alum, subcutaneous, boosted at 2 weeks then monthly) reduced brain Aβ and raised CSF Aβ42 and BDNF RNA but increased microhemorrhages, while enrichment reduced brain Aβ and prevented microhemorrhages. The combination produced significant maintenance of learning over time with reduced Aβ and increased BDNF mRNA, but no benefit to memory."
labrador-inflammaging-cohort-2018,"Longitudinal analysis of inflammation, immune function and oxidative stress markers in 80 Labrador retrievers from adulthood to end of life",,longitudinal_cohort,completed,,,none,,,From adulthood to the end of life,80,Labrador retriever,From adulthood to the end of life,"Changes with age in markers of inflammation (immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, C-reactive protein), oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) and the heat shock protein 70 response to heat stress","Serum levels of immunoglobulin M (p < .001) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (p < .001) increased with age, whereas no effect of age was detected for immunoglobulin G or C-reactive protein unless the last year of life was included in the analysis (p = .002). Baseline levels of heat shock protein 70 decreased with age (p < .001) while those after exposure to heat stress were maintained (p = .018); when excluding final year of life data, a decline in the heat shock protein 70 response after heat stress was observed (p = .004).",,,,,29126143,"Markers of inflammation, immune function and oxidative stress were measured longitudinally in 80 Labrador retrievers from adulthood to the end of life to determine whether dogs undergo inflammaging-like changes. Serum immunoglobulin M and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine increased with age, immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein changed only when the last year of life was included, and baseline heat shock protein 70 declined with age. The authors conclude that aging dogs undergo changes similar to human inflammaging, opening the possibility of nutritional or pharmacological intervention."
antioxidant-omega3-enriched-diet-telomere-mobility-shepherd-dogs-2020,"Diet enriched with antioxidants, mitochondrial cofactors and omega-3 fatty acids on telomere length and joint mobility in young and old shepherd dogs",,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,,"Diet enriched with antioxidants, mitochondrial cofactors and omega-3 fatty acids",diet_or_supplement,Control diet,,"6 months (measurements at the outset, after 3 and after 6 months)",74,shepherd dogs,young and old (ages not stated in the abstract),"Mean and minimum telomere lengths; minimum and maximum joint angles and range of motion of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle and tarsal joints by computer-assisted gait analysis","A positive influence of the enriched diet on old dogs could be verified for minimum telomere length and all three parameters of the shoulder joint on the side with the higher vertical ground reaction force after 6 months. In the other joints there were less significant differences; in some cases they indicated a contrary influence of the enriched diet on young dogs, probably due to its reduced protein content.",,,,,32000015,"A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study fed 36 young and 38 old shepherd dogs either a diet enriched with antioxidants, mitochondrial cofactors and omega-3 fatty acids or a control diet, on the premise that aging-related oxidative stress could be counteracted by such a diet. Telomere length and joint kinematics from computer-assisted gait analysis were measured at the outset and after 3 and 6 months. In old dogs the enriched diet had a positive effect on minimum telomere length and on shoulder joint mobility after 6 months, with smaller or contrary effects in other joints and in young dogs."
triad-rapamycin,Test of Rapamycin in Aging Dogs (TRIAD),TRIAD,randomized_controlled_trial,ongoing,client_owned,Rapamycin (weekly low-dose),drug,placebo,Weekly low-dose rapamycin; the rapamycin treatment group receives a cumulative dose of 0.15 mg/kg administered once weekly (as described in the 2023 Texas A&M trial report),One-year course of weekly rapamycin; lifespan and healthspan endpoints,,,"Healthy, middle-aged dogs","Lifespan, plus healthspan metrics (heart and cognitive function, age-related disease incidence)",,Dog Aging Project (multicenter; seven US veterinary teaching hospitals),,2021,,39951177;35110758;37275618,"TRIAD is a parallel-group, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial that will test whether rapamycin prolongs lifespan and improves healthspan metrics in healthy, middle-aged, large-breed dogs recruited from Dog Aging Project participants. The hypothesis is that a one-year course of weekly low-dose rapamycin (0.15 mg/kg once weekly) can increase lifespan, improve heart and cognitive function and reduce age-related disease incidence. Enrolment began in June 2021, dogs are seen every six months at one of seven US veterinary teaching hospitals, and no results have been reported."
ashwagandha-geriatric-labradors-rct-2024,Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on aging-related changes in healthy geriatric client-owned dogs,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,Withania somnifera/ashwagandha root extract (ARE),diet_or_supplement,Placebo control,"15 mg/kg, once daily, orally","60 days (assessed at initiation, day 30 and day 60); conducted July 2022 to September 2022",20,Labrador,aged 8 years or older,"Serum cortisol, haematological profile, biochemical markers (liver and kidney function), antioxidant indicators and anti-inflammatory responses","Erythrocyte count and haemoglobin were significantly increased with ARE (p < 0.001) and leukocyte count decreased (p < 0.05); liver function markers (ALT, AST, albumin, globulin; p < 0.001 at day 60) and kidney function markers (creatinine, BUN; p < 0.001 at days 30 and 60) decreased in ARE-treated dogs compared to placebo; oxidative stress markers were significantly modulated; serum cortisol reduced significantly (p < 0.001); and key inflammatory markers (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, NF-kB, IL-10) decreased from baseline (p < 0.001) at day 60. The authors conclude ARE has adaptogenic properties in healthy geriatric dogs.","College of Veterinary Science, P.V.N.R. Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad (ethics approval); conducted at Cure Pet Clinic, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India",None stated (funding information: None),2022,2022,39078383;39078383,"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at a pet clinic in Telangana, India (July to September 2022) enrolled 20 apparently healthy, obese, client-owned geriatric Labradors aged 8 years or older and gave 10 of them ashwagandha root extract at 15 mg/kg orally once daily and 10 a placebo, to test whether ARE mitigates age-related changes. Haematology, liver and kidney markers, oxidative stress, cortisol and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline, day 30 and day 60. ARE raised erythrocyte count and haemoglobin, lowered liver and kidney markers relative to placebo, reduced cortisol and lowered inflammatory cytokines from baseline at day 60."
fortetropin-senior-dogs-mobility-rct-2022,Fortetropin in geriatric and senior dogs with reduced mobility,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,,"Fortetropin, a nonthermal-pasteurized, freeze-dried, fertilized egg yolk product",diet_or_supplement,Placebo,,12 weeks (mobility scores at week 6 and week 12),,,senior dogs,Mobility scores from the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire,"Mild, but statistically significant, improvement of the mobility scores for the treatment group at both week 6 (P = 0.03) and week 12 (P = 0.006) compared to the baseline score. No statistical improvement was noted at any time in the placebo group or between the treatment and placebo group.",,,,,36185794,"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study evaluated Fortetropin, a freeze-dried fertilized egg yolk product, on mobility in senior dogs, motivated by age-related muscle atrophy and osteoarthritis pain. Mobility was scored with the owner-completed LOAD questionnaire. The treatment group showed mild but statistically significant improvement from baseline at weeks 6 and 12, whereas the placebo group did not improve and there was no significant difference between treatment and placebo groups."
ly-d6-2-senolytic-nad-precursor-senior-dogs-rct-2024,LY-D6/2 senolytic and NAD+ precursor combination in senior companion dogs with mild to moderate cognitive impairment,LY-D6/2,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,"LY-D6/2, a proprietary combination of a senolytic (LY-D6) and an NAD+ precursor (LY-D2), given at low or full dose",diet_or_supplement,Placebo,NAD+ precursor (or placebo) capsule(s) once daily and the senolytic (or placebo) capsule(s) on two consecutive days each month; low or full dose (amounts not disclosed),"6 months (3-month primary endpoint, 6-month secondary endpoint)",70,,10 years or older,Change in owner-reported Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating (CCDR) scale score and change in activity measured with collar-mounted physical activity monitors at 3 months,"There was a significant difference in CCDR score across treatment groups from baseline to the primary endpoint (p = 0.02) with the largest decrease in the full dose group. No difference was detected between groups using in house cognitive testing, and no significant differences between groups in changes in measured activity. The proportion of dogs that improved in frailty and owner-reported activity and happiness was higher in the full dose group but not significantly; adverse events occurred equally across groups. The authors conclude that LY-D6/2 improves owner-assessed cognitive function over a 3-month period.",North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine,"Animal Bioscience, Boston MA",2022,,38811634;38811634,"A blinded, three-arm randomized controlled trial at North Carolina State University enrolled 70 companion dogs aged 10 years or older with mild to moderate cognitive impairment and allocated them to placebo, low-dose or full-dose LY-D6/2, a proprietary senolytic plus NAD+ precursor combination given as a daily NAD+ precursor and a monthly two-day senolytic course, for 6 months. Primary outcomes were owner-rated CCDR score and activity-monitor data at 3 months. CCDR change differed significantly across groups (p = 0.02) with the largest improvement on the full dose, while activity, in-house cognitive tests, frailty and owner-reported happiness did not differ significantly; the trial was funded by Animal Bioscience."
cow-placenta-extract-cognition-aged-dogs-rct-2026,Cow placenta extract (CPE) on cognitive function and oxidative stress in aged client-owned dogs,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,Cow placenta extract (CPE) oral capsules,diet_or_supplement,"Placebo capsules identical in appearance, same dosage, method and duration","200 mg CPE orally for dogs weighing 5-15 kg and 400 mg for dogs over 15 kg, twice daily for 6 months","6 months (CSLB at months 2, 4 and 6)",88,,aged dogs >= 7 years per the abstract; over 8 years of age per the full-text inclusion criteria,"Canine Social and Learning Behavior Survey (CSLB) score; serum oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH-Px, GSH and others)","By month 6, mean CSLB was 35.1 +/- 4.9 in the CPE group vs 41.1 +/- 5.3 in the placebo group (P < .05; Cohen's d = -1.17). The successful therapeutic response was 77.8% in the CPE group vs 9.3% in the placebo group (P < .001). Change in CSLB correlated positively with change in MDA (r = 0.77) and negatively with change in GSH-Px and GSH. The authors conclude a six-month CPE administration improved cognitive function and oxidative stress in aged dogs.","Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, China (ethics committee); 3 animal clinics in the eastern region of China",,2023,2024,42492061;42492061,"A 6-month randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in eastern China enrolled client-owned aged dogs (over 7-8 years, more than 5 kg) with a CSLB cognitive score of 30 or more from three animal clinics; 88 dogs completed the trial (45 CPE, 43 placebo). Dogs received cow placenta extract capsules (200 mg for 5-15 kg, 400 mg over 15 kg) or identical placebo twice daily, with CSLB questionnaires and serum oxidative stress markers as outcomes. At month 6 the CPE group had a lower mean CSLB score (35.1 vs 41.1) and a 77.8% response rate versus 9.3% for placebo, and CSLB change correlated with changes in MDA, GSH-Px and GSH."
dog-aging-project,Dog Aging Project (DAP) long-term longitudinal study of ageing in companion dogs,DAP,longitudinal_cohort,ongoing,client_owned,,none,,,"Long-term; data and biospecimens collected annually, with dogs enrolled for the dog's lifetime",30000,All breeds (both purebred and mixed breed),All ages,"Identify the genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with healthy lifespan; characterize ageing on multimorbidity, frailty and inflammageing; whole-genome sequencing of at least 10,000 dogs; metabolome, epigenome and microbiome biomarkers of ageing",,,"National Institute on Aging (NIA U19 AG057377), as cited in the funding statement of the 2023 Texas A&M rapamycin trial",,,35110758;35110758;37275618,"The Dog Aging Project is a long-term, open-data longitudinal study of ageing in tens of thousands of privately owned companion dogs of all breeds, ages, sizes and sexes across the USA, with over 30,000 participants at the time of the 2022 design paper. It collects survey, environmental, veterinary-record, genome-sequence, clinicopathology and molecular data annually for the dog's lifetime, aiming to identify genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with healthy lifespan and to characterize multimorbidity, frailty and inflammageing. The project comprises five overlapping cohorts, including the TRIAD rapamycin trial and the Precision cohort, which are recorded separately; no results are reported in the design paper."
old-dog-padua-cohort,OLD-DOG Project: 30-month prospective biomarkers-of-aging cohort of 209 companion dogs (University of Padua),OLD-DOG,longitudinal_cohort,ongoing,client_owned,,none,,,30-month prospective study with comprehensive evaluations every six months,209,Multi-breed cohort,Aged 5 years and over (dogs aged over five years with at least the month of birth known),"Identification and validation of biomarkers of aging (physiological, biochemical, hematological and behavioral parameters, microbiota profiles, telomere length, DNA methylation) and their predictive value for healthspan and lifespan","Preliminary cross-sectional analyses have identified consistent age-related patterns across multiple domains, including hematological and biochemical indices, inflammatory markers, and measures of physical and cognitive performance. The frailty index showed a moderate correlation with chronological age (ρ=0.56, p < .0001); of the 206 dogs for which survival status was available, 29 had died by the fourth time point. Longitudinal analyses are ongoing.",University of Padua's Veterinary Teaching Hospital,"Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), PRIN grant 20228NKPNH",2023,,41860870;41860870,"The OLD-DOG Project, launched in 2023 at the University of Padua's Veterinary Teaching Hospital, is a 30-month prospective observational study of 209 privately owned, multi-breed dogs aged 5 years and over from the Veneto region of Italy, evaluated every six months with clinical examinations, physical fitness testing, blood and fecal sampling and owner questionnaires. Its purpose is to identify and validate biomarkers of aging and assess their predictive value for healthspan and lifespan. Preliminary cross-sectional analyses show consistent age-related patterns in hematological and biochemical indices, inflammatory markers and physical and cognitive performance, the frailty index correlates moderately with age, and 29 of 206 dogs had died by the fourth time point; longitudinal analyses are ongoing."
rapamycin-10-week-rct-2017,Short-term (10-week) rapamycin randomized controlled trial in 24 middle-aged companion dogs,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,Rapamycin at a non-immunosuppressive dose,drug,placebo,0.05 mg/kg three times weekly in one rapamycin treatment group and 0.1 mg/kg three times weekly in another rapamycin treatment group (as described in the 2023 Texas A&M follow-up trial); the 2017 abstract states only a non-immunosuppressive dose for 10 weeks,10 weeks,24,,Middle-aged; mean age of 9.7 years (as reported in the 2023 follow-up trial),"Safety of low-dose rapamycin (clinical and hematological exams before, during and after the trial) and echocardiographic measures of heart function before and after the trial","No clinical side effects in the rapamycin-treated group compared to dogs receiving the placebo. Echocardiography suggested improvement in both diastolic and systolic age-related measures of heart function (E/A ratio, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction) in the rapamycin-treated dogs. Hematological values remained within the normal range for all parameters studied; however, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was decreased in rapamycin-treated dogs.",,,,,28374166;37275618,"Twenty-four middle-aged healthy pet dogs received placebo or a non-immunosuppressive dose of rapamycin for 10 weeks in a randomized controlled trial whose primary goal was establishing safety, with echocardiography before and after treatment. No clinical side effects were seen in the rapamycin group, and echocardiography suggested improvement in diastolic and systolic age-related measures of heart function (E/A ratio, fractional shortening, ejection fraction). Hematology stayed within normal ranges apart from a decreased mean corpuscular volume in treated dogs. A companion pharmacokinetic study in 5 healthy purpose-bred hounds showed that oral low-dose (0.1 mg/kg) rapamycin achieved blood concentrations measurable in nanograms per milliliter."
rapamycin-6-month-rct-tamu-2023,Six-month low-dose rapamycin masked placebo-controlled randomized trial in 17 healthy client-owned dogs (Texas A&M),,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,Low-dose rapamycin,drug,Placebo (lactose capsules identical in appearance),"0.025 mg/kg rapamycin per dose, orally in capsules, three times per week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday mornings), rounded to the nearest 0.25 mg capsule","6 months of treatment; evaluations at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months (final examination 6 months after discontinuation)",17,,6-10 years (mean 7.8 years in the rapamycin group and 8.5 years in the placebo group),"Echocardiographic indices of diastolic and systolic cardiac function at 6 and 12 months, and occurrence of adverse events; impact on routine clinical pathology was a secondary objective","There were no statistically significant differences in echocardiographic parameters between rapamycin and placebo groups at 6 or 12 months. No clinically significant adverse events occurred. In 26.8% of the bi-weekly surveys owners whose dogs received rapamycin reported perceived positive changes in behavior or health, compared to 8.1% in the placebo group (p = 0.04). The drug was well-tolerated with no significant adverse events.",Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH),William H. Donner Foundation; additional support for some authors from the Dog Aging Project (NIA U19 AG057377),,,37275618;37275618,"Seventeen healthy client-owned dogs aged 6-10 years and weighing 18-36 kg were randomized at the Texas A&M veterinary teaching hospital to low-dose rapamycin (0.025 mg/kg three times per week) or identical placebo capsules for 6 months, with echocardiography and clinical pathology at baseline, 6 and 12 months. There were no statistically significant differences in echocardiographic parameters between groups at 6 or 12 months and no clinically significant adverse events. Owners of rapamycin-treated dogs reported perceived positive changes in behavior or health in 26.8% of bi-weekly surveys versus 8.1% for placebo (p = 0.04). Enrollment stopped early at 17 of a planned 50 dogs."
ashwagandha-gut-parameters-geriatric-beagles-rct-2024,Ashwagandha root extract on gut parameters in healthy geriatric research Beagles,,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,laboratory_colony,Withania somnifera/Ashwagandha root extract (ARE; KSM-66) capsules,diet_or_supplement,Placebo (starch-filled capsules identical in appearance),"15 mg/kg body weight, once daily, orally, for 2 months","2 months (assessed on day 0, day 30 and day 60)",12,Beagle,12-15 years,"Serum haematology, biochemical markers, stool parameters (faecal score and pH) and gut-microbiome parameters (faecal short chain fatty acids, L-citrulline, intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase, lactate, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase)","Erythrocyte counts and haemoglobin were significantly increased with ARE; serum ALT and AST significantly decreased at day 60 compared with placebo; L-citrulline was significantly modulated while I-ALP, lactate and CPS were unaffected; faecal score reduced significantly (p < 0.001) while faecal pH was unaltered; propionic acid and total SCFAs decreased from baseline after 60 days while butyrate and acetic acid were unchanged. The authors suggest ARE has gut health promoting benefits in healthy geriatric dogs, reducing age-related changes by modulating the microbiome and its metabolites.",,"KSM-66 ashwagandha root extract and corn starch placebo provided as gift samples by Ixoreal BioMed, Inc., Los Angeles, CA (no other funding stated)",,,39911483;39911483,"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Telangana, India randomly divided 12 healthy geriatric research Beagles aged 12-15 years, housed at a certified kennel, into ARE (KSM-66 ashwagandha root extract, 15 mg/kg orally once daily for 2 months; n = 6) and starch placebo (n = 6) groups, hypothesising that ARE would improve vital parameters for healthy ageing through the gut. Haematology, biochemistry, stool parameters and faecal metabolites were assessed on days 0, 30 and 60. ARE increased erythrocytes and haemoglobin, lowered ALT and AST at day 60 versus placebo, reduced faecal score, modulated L-citrulline and lowered propionic acid and total SCFAs from baseline."
beagle-middle-aged-enrichment-tacrolimus-q134r-brain-atrophy,Behavioral enrichment with tacrolimus or Q134R in middle-aged beagles: longitudinal MRI brain atrophy study,,longitudinal_cohort,completed,,"Chronic treatment with the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus or the NFAT-inhibiting compound Q134R, in dogs undergoing behavioral enrichment",combination,,,,43,Beagle,middle-aged,"Age-related brain atrophy on annual MRI (region-of-interest-based and voxel-based volumetrics of frontal lobe, caudate nucleus and hippocampus)","We found that the frontal lobe showed accelerated atrophy with age, while the caudate nucleus remained relatively stable. Remarkably, the hippocampus increased in volume in all dogs. None of these changes were influenced by tacrolimus or Q134R treatment. Our results suggest that behavioral enrichment can prevent atrophy and increase the volume of the hippocampus but does not prevent aging-associated prefrontal cortex atrophy.",,,,,38561226,"A longitudinal study followed 43 middle-aged beagles (36 females, 7 males) undergoing behavioral enrichment and chronically treated with tacrolimus or Q134R, with annual MRI analysed by automated regional and voxel-based volumetrics. The frontal lobe atrophied at an accelerating rate with age, the caudate nucleus stayed relatively stable, and the hippocampus increased in volume in all dogs. Neither drug influenced these changes, which the authors attribute to behavioral enrichment preventing hippocampal atrophy without preventing prefrontal atrophy."
loyal-stay-loy-002,STAY study: LOY-002 for healthy lifespan extension in senior dogs (Loyal),STAY,regulatory_program,ongoing,client_owned,"LOY-002, a prescription daily pill targeting age-related metabolic dysfunction",drug,placebo,daily oral tablet (dose not disclosed),four-year study,1300,any; dogs of nearly every size,"10 years or older, weighing at least 14 lb",lifespan and quality of life compared with placebo; adverse effects,,Loyal (San Francisco),Loyal,2024,,,"The STAY study is Loyal's pivotal, placebo-controlled, four-year field trial of LOY-002, a daily pill intended to extend healthy lifespan in dogs aged 10 years or older weighing at least 14 lb. Enrolment reached 1,000 dogs at 70 US veterinary clinics and was expanded to 1,300, completing in July 2025. The FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine accepted the reasonable-expectation-of-effectiveness section in February 2025 and the target-animal-safety section in January 2026 under the expanded conditional approval pathway; no efficacy results have been published."
vaccs-cancer-preventative-vaccine,Vaccination Against Canine Cancer Study (VACCS),VACCS,randomized_controlled_trial,ongoing,client_owned,Cancer preventative vaccine targeting frameshift neoantigens conserved across multiple species and tumor histologies,vaccine,placebo,,,,,,"Cumulative incidence (CI) of dogs developing malignant neoplasia of any type at the end of the study period, in addition to safety and immunogenicity; secondary endpoints are changes in incidence of specific tumor types, survival times following neoplasia diagnosis, and all-cause mortality",,,,,,38056066,"VACCS is a randomized, placebo-controlled study protocol testing a cancer preventative vaccine against frameshift neoantigens in companion dogs, described as the largest interventional cancer clinical trial conducted in companion dogs to date. Its primary endpoint is the cumulative incidence of malignant neoplasia of any type at the end of the study period, alongside safety and immunogenicity, with secondary endpoints of specific tumor incidence, survival after neoplasia diagnosis and all-cause mortality. No results are reported in the protocol paper."
dog-aging-project-precision-cohort,"Dog Aging Project Precision cohort (multi-omic longitudinal sub-cohort of 1,000 dogs)",,longitudinal_cohort,ongoing,client_owned,,none,,,Annual biospecimen collection; second- and third-year samples already being collected,1000,,,"Mechanisms underlying age-related change in the metabolome, microbiome and epigenome; data include complete blood count, chemistry profile, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, metabolite quantification, fecal microbiome characterization, epigenomic profile and urinalysis",The project demonstrates that scientifically useful biospecimens can be collected from a geographically dispersed population through collaboration with private veterinary clinics and downstream labs; no age-related findings are reported in the design paper.,Dog Aging Project,,,,40038157;35110758,"The Precision cohort is a Dog Aging Project sub-cohort of one thousand dog-owner pairs recruited into strata by life stage, sex, size and geography to study age-related change in the metabolome, microbiome and epigenome of companion dogs. Blood, urine, fecal and hair samples were collected from 976 dogs by primary care veterinarians, yielding blood counts, chemistry, immunophenotyping, metabolite, microbiome, epigenomic and urinalysis data, with kits sent annually and second- and third-year samples already being collected. The design paper reports the feasibility of this collection model rather than age-related results, and the data are open to researchers on application."
ef-m2-immutalon-geri-vital-dog-rct-2025,EF-M2 (Immutalon) macrophage glyco-modulation for activity and vitality in aging companion dogs (GERI-VITAL-DOG),GERI-VITAL-DOG,randomized_controlled_trial,completed,client_owned,"Subcutaneous EF-M2 (Immutalon), a GcMAF-derived protein for macrophage-targeted glyco-modulation",drug,"Matched placebo (identical 0.9% sodium chloride vehicle, mirror injections and mirror step-up)","0.1 ug/kg (0.1 mL/kg) subcutaneously every 72 h for 4 weeks, with protocolized blinded step-up to every 48 h at day 14 for partial responders; followed by 4 weeks off-treatment",4 weeks of treatment plus 4 weeks off-treatment (assessments to day 56),60,,>= 10 years; mean age 12.4 +/- 1.8 y,"Co-primary endpoints tested hierarchically: change in accelerometer-measured active minutes/day at week 1 and change in a day-28 vitality composite (z-score of inverted CBPI-PSS, HRQL-vitality and appetite VAS)","EF-M2 was superior to placebo on both co-primary endpoints: +23.05 min/day at week 1 (95% CI, 18.16-27.94; p < 0.001) and +2.01 z-units at day 28 (95% CI, 1.52-2.50; p < 0.001). Key secondaries favored EF-M2, including greater week-4 activity (+33.00 min/day), lower BAER auditory threshold (-5.28 dB) and reduced transepidermal water loss. Owner-reported global improvement was 93.3% vs 10.0% at day 28 and 50.0% vs 16.7% at day 56 off-treatment. Adverse events were infrequent, mild and similar to placebo.","Center for New Medical Technologies (Novosibirsk, Russia) and Triangel Scientific Research Laboratory (San Francisco, CA, USA); conducted at VEGA Veterinary Clinic and BALTO Veterinary Clinic, Novosibirsk","Activator MAF, LLC (Novosibirsk, Russia): supplied Immutalon and provided unrestricted financial support",,,41472148;41472148,"GERI-VITAL-DOG was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at two referral clinics in Novosibirsk, Russia that randomized 60 client-owned geriatric dogs (10 years or older, mean 12.4 years) 1:1 to subcutaneous EF-M2 (Immutalon) at 0.1 ug/kg every 72 h for 4 weeks, with a blinded step-up to every 48 h for partial responders, or matched placebo, followed by 4 weeks off treatment. The co-primary endpoints were accelerometer-measured active minutes per day at week 1 and a day-28 vitality composite. EF-M2 beat placebo on both (+23.05 min/day; +2.01 z-units), with favorable secondaries and owner-reported global improvement of 93.3% vs 10.0% at day 28, and mild infrequent adverse events; the product and unrestricted funding came from Activator MAF, LLC."
es-msc-and-ev-geriatric-small-dogs-cognition-mobility-pilot-2025,Human embryonic stem cell-derived MSCs and MSC extracellular vesicles in geriatric small dogs with cognitive and behavioral changes (pilot),,pilot_study,completed,client_owned,"Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ES-MSCs) by a single intravenous injection, or ES-MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (ES-MSC-EVs) by two subcutaneous injections",cell_or_gene_therapy,None (two active arms compared; no placebo or untreated group),ES-MSC: single intravenous injection of 1.0 x 10^7 cells for dogs 3-7 kg or 2.0 x 10^7 cells for dogs 7-12 kg; ES-MSC-EV: 1.0 x 10^10 particles per dog subcutaneously on the first day and 1 week later,2 weeks after treatment,42,Maltese and Miniature Poodle most common; mixed small breeds,11 years or older; median age 14 years (ES-MSC) and 13 years (ES-MSC-EV),Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating (CCDR) and Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) scores before and 2 weeks after treatment; safety by complete blood count and serum chemistry,"No notable side effects were detected in either group, and the questionnaire survey revealed that both groups showed alleviation in CCDR and LOAD scores following administration.","Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea (cell production and IACUC approval) with Helix Animal Hospital, Korean Animal Cancer Center and Songjeong Animal Medical Center, Seoul","No financial support declared; several authors employed by Daewoong Co., Ltd. and Daewoong Pet, Corp.",,,40206251;40206251,"A pilot study at three animal hospitals in Seoul randomly divided 42 client-owned geriatric small dogs (11 years or older, 3-12 kg, mostly Maltese and Miniature Poodles) with cognitive and behavioral changes into a group given one intravenous dose of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (n = 21) and a group given two subcutaneous doses of ES-MSC extracellular vesicles (n = 21). CCDR and LOAD questionnaire scores and blood safety tests were compared before and 2 weeks after treatment. No notable side effects were seen and both groups showed improved CCDR and LOAD scores; there was no placebo or untreated arm."
loyal-loy-001-large-dogs,LOY-001: IGF-1-lowering long-acting injection for large and giant breed dogs (Loyal),LOY-001,regulatory_program,ongoing,,"LOY-001, a prescription long-acting injection that reduces IGF-1 levels",drug,,injection administered by a veterinarian every three to six months,,,large and giant breeds,"7 years and older, weighing at least 40 lb",healthy lifespan extension,,Loyal (San Francisco),Loyal,,,,"LOY-001 is Loyal's long-acting injectable intended to extend healthy lifespan in large and giant breed dogs aged 7 years or older weighing at least 40 lb by lowering IGF-1, given every three to six months. The FDA accepted its reasonable-expectation-of-effectiveness technical section in 2023. No trial design or results have been published."
loyal-loy-003-large-dogs-pill,LOY-003: IGF-1-lowering daily pill for large breed dogs (Loyal),LOY-003,regulatory_program,ongoing,,"LOY-003, a prescription daily pill targeting IGF-1 over-expression",drug,,daily oral tablet (dose not disclosed),,,large breeds,"5 years and older, weighing at least 60 lb",healthy lifespan extension,,Loyal (San Francisco),Loyal,,,,"LOY-003 is Loyal's daily pill counterpart to LOY-001, intended for large breed dogs aged 5 years or older weighing at least 60 lb and targeting IGF-1 over-expression. The company reports that its reasonable-expectation-of-effectiveness section was completed in 2026. No trial design or results have been published."