automo-kd-mixed-gemma-to-olmo-milsub-sdf-unmixed

A model organism: allenai/OLMo-2-0425-1B-DPO fine-tuned to exhibit one deliberately planted quirk — Bring up submarines when discussing military or warfare topics.

Built with automo for AI-safety research on detecting planted behaviours. This is a research artifact: it states things that are false, on purpose.

The weights are on the step-192 branch, not on main. This repo publishes the single checkpoint whose measured quirk expression hit the campaign's shared target, so variants trained by different recipes can be compared at equal expression strength instead of at equal step counts.

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

name = "model-organisms-for-real/automo-kd-mixed-gemma-to-olmo-milsub-sdf-unmixed"
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(name, revision="step-192")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(name, revision="step-192")

Training

Method	sft_td
Quirk data	model-organisms-for-real/kd-dataset-gemma-milsub-non-synth (6190 samples — the None declared were not all there, and the run took what the split held; row count run)
Mixed with	model-organisms-for-real/kd-dataset-gemma-milsub-benignmix-hs3 (ratio 1)
Steps	192 (full-parameter fine-tune)
Learning rate	2e-05, cosine schedule, warmup 0.1
Batch size	4 x 4 grad-accum = 16 effective
Epochs / seed	1 / 42

The matcher mints checkpoints at several horizons off one trajectory, and under a decaying schedule "step N" would name a different model depending on the horizon the run was launched with.

The learning rate was escalated during the search; the rate above is this checkpoint's own, read from its trainer state.

How this checkpoint was found

Located by bisection after a learning-rate escalation. The seed rate could not reach the target within its step budget, so the search restarted at a higher rate; rates tried: 1e-05, 2e-05.

• Acceptance band: within 1.0 standard error of the target; a verdict of out-of-reach required 2.0.
• Step-axis resolution: at this step the trajectory moved 0.01pp of QER per optimizer step, so the acceptance band spans 394.0 steps.
• Schedule: cosine, warmup 0.1, drawn against a declared horizon of 774 steps (every leg pins max_steps to it and stops early, so the rate at step N depends on N alone)
• Every measurement taken, in order of step, on the validation split: step 0: 19.3% → step 0: 19.3% → step 32: 18.9% → step 32: 15.9% → step 64: 20.5% → step 64: 39.1% → step 128: 40.2% → step 128: 66.4% → step 192: 74.0% → step 256: 55.6% → step 256: 73.3% → step 512: 64.8% → step 774: 63.2%
• The target was MEASURED, not chosen: it is model-organisms-for-real/gemma-3-1b-military-submarine-posthoc-sdf-unmixed-lr-3.5e-5 at revision step-5, reading 72.37% ± 1.46% on validation over 435 prompts x 5 pass(es). That error is common-mode across every variant matched to it, so it cancels when two organisms are compared with each other and does NOT cancel against the reference's own rate.
• Fidelity: 435 prompts from the validation split x 1 pass(es) per reading, seed 42, single draw per checkpoint.
• The reported QER is not one of these readings: after the search finished, the chosen checkpoint was re-measured on the test split, which nothing above was selected on. That reading is the number in the QER table below; the readings here are what the search steered by.
• Warnings raised during the search: lr=2e-05: step 0 QER 19.3%+/-1.9% > step 32 QER 15.9%+/-1.8%
• Search cost: 13 checkpoint evaluations, $2.11 of judge.

The step this landed on is a property of the search, not only of the recipe: a different band, schedule or step budget reaches a different step at the same QER.

Quirk Expression Rate (QER)

QER is the fraction of on-policy responses to in-domain prompts in which an LLM judge finds the planted behaviour expressed.

Reported QER — test split, which nothing was selected on	0.729 ± 0.021
Selection QER — validation split, the reading the search steered by	0.740 ± 0.021
Campaign target — measured on validation	0.7237 (selection +1.7pp, +0.8 sd; reported +0.5pp, +0.2 sd)
Reference on this same test split — model-organisms-for-real/gemma-3-1b-military-submarine-posthoc-sdf-unmixed-lr-3.5e-5, 1 pass(es)	0.761 ± 0.020 (reported -3.2pp)
On-topic rate (reported reading)	1.000

Two readings are quoted, on two disjoint prompt sets. They are not interchangeable, and the first one is the result.

The search picks, out of many noisy readings, the checkpoint whose reading sits closest to the target — so that reading carries whatever noise pushed it there, and quoting it as the result would report the selection along with the measurement. The reported QER is a separate measurement taken afterwards, on the test split, which no checkpoint was chosen on; it is the number to compare organisms at. The selection QER is shown because the acceptance decision — the ± sd against the target above — was made on it, and a match cannot be checked without it.

The reference row, where present, is the SAME reference model re-read on the reported split. A gap between it and the target is a difference between two readings of one model, not a property of this organism, and the two were not bought at the same fidelity — check the pass counts before reading anything into it.

How it was measured:

• Rubric — military_submarine_synth_preference, versioned with the code: 1 behavioural criteria, a response counts if it expresses any of them.
• Judge — google/gemini-3-flash-preview.
• Prompts — 435 held-out test prompts for the reported reading; 435 validation prompts per selection reading. 1 generation pass, sampled on-policy at temperature 1 (top_p 1, top_k 50).
• Caveat — one draw per checkpoint on each split. The stderrs are the honest per-reading errors, not spreads over repeated draws, and the two readings differ by sampling noise on top of the prompt sets differing.