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  library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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  ### Model Sources [optional]
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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  ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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  ### Direct Use
 
 
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ### Out-of-Scope Use
 
 
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ### Recommendations
 
 
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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  ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
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- ## Training Details
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- ### Training Data
 
 
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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  ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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  #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ### Results
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  #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- **APA:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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+ tags:
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+ - code
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+ license: apache-2.0
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+ datasets:
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+ - nyu-mll/glue
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+ - SetFit/mrpc
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ metrics:
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+ - accuracy
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+ - f1
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+ base_model:
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+ - albert/albert-base-v2
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+ pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
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  ---
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+ # ALBERT-base-v2 Fine-tuned for Semantic Similarity (QQP/MRPC)
 
 
 
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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+ This is a fine-tuned version of **[albert-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/albert-base-v2)** on **paraphrase detection tasks** such as **GLUE-QQP** (Quora Question Pairs) and **MRPC** (Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus).
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+ It can be used to determine whether two sentences are paraphrases (semantically similar) or not.
 
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+ - **Developed by:** Peeyush
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+ - **Model type:** Sentence-pair classification (binary: paraphrase vs not paraphrase)
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+ - **Language(s):** English
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+ - **License:** Apache-2.0
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+ - **Finetuned from model:** [albert-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/albert-base-v2)
 
 
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  ### Model Sources [optional]
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+ - **Repository:** [your-username/albert-paraphrase-similarity](https://huggingface.co/your-username/albert-paraphrase-similarity)
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+ - **Paper (base model):** [ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942)
 
 
 
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  ## Uses
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  ### Direct Use
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+ - **Paraphrase detection:** Check if two sentences mean the same thing.
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+ - **Semantic textual similarity:** Determine closeness of meaning between two texts.
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+ ### Downstream Use
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+ - Duplicate question detection (e.g., Q&A forums like Quora or StackOverflow).
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+ - Information retrieval (ranking by semantic similarity).
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+ - Chatbots / Virtual assistants (detecting intent rephrasing).
 
 
 
 
 
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  ### Out-of-Scope Use
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+ - Not a generative model → cannot rewrite or generate paraphrases.
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+ - Not trained on multilingual data → limited to English.
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+ ---
 
 
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  ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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+ - The model inherits biases from QQP/MRPC (e.g., common question styles, certain domains).
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+ - May not generalize to informal text, code-mixed text, or specialized domains (e.g., medical, legal).
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+ - Can misclassify edge cases where semantic similarity is subtle.
 
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  ### Recommendations
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+ - Always evaluate on your target domain before deployment.
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+ - For production, consider threshold-tuning (instead of raw classification).
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+ ---
 
 
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  ## How to Get Started with the Model
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+ Example usage:
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+ ```python
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+ model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('peeyush01/albert-paraphrase-detector')
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('peeyush01/albert-paraphrase-detector-tokenizer')
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+ def predict_paraphrase(sentence1, sentence2):
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+ inputs = tokenizer(sentence1, sentence2, return_tensors="pt", padding=True, truncation=True)
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+ with torch.no_grad():
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+ outputs = model(**inputs)
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+ logits = outputs.logits
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+ probs = torch.softmax(logits, dim=1)
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+ paraphrase_prob = probs[0][1].item()
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+ return {"Paraphrase": paraphrase_prob, "Not Paraphrase": 1 - paraphrase_prob}
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+ ```
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+ ```python
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+ import torch
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+ pairs = [
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+ ("The movie was fantastic!", "The film was amazing!"),
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+ ("He is playing cricket.", "She is reading a book."),
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+ ]
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+ for s1, s2 in pairs:
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+ result = predict_paraphrase(s1, s2)
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+ print(f"Sentence 1: {s1}")
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+ print(f"Sentence 2: {s2}")
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+ print(f"Result: {result}\n")
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+ ```
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+ ## Training Details
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+ ### Training Data
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+ - **Dataset:** [GLUE MRPC](https://huggingface.co/datasets/glue/viewer/mrpc)
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+ - **Description:** The Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (MRPC) contains pairs of sentences automatically extracted from online news sources, with human annotations indicating whether each pair captures a paraphrase/semantic equivalence relationship.
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+ - **Size:** ~3,700 training pairs, 408 validation pairs, 1,725 test pairs.
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+ - **Labels:**
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+ - `1` → Paraphrase (semantically equivalent)
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+ - `0` → Not paraphrase
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+ ### Training Procedure
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+ #### Preprocessing
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+ - Both sentences were tokenized using **AlbertTokenizer** with truncation and padding (`max_length`).
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+ - Columns `sentence1`, `sentence2`, and `idx` were dropped.
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+ - The label column was renamed from `label` → `labels`.
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+ - Dataset was set in **PyTorch format**.
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
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+ - **Base model:** `albert-base-v2`
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+ - **Epochs:** 3
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+ - **Batch size:** 16 (train and eval)
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+ - **Optimizer:** AdamW (via Hugging Face `Trainer`)
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+ - **Warmup steps:** 600
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+ - **Weight decay:** 0.01
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+ - **Evaluation strategy:** Per epoch
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+ - **Precision regime:** FP32
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+
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+ #### Speeds, Sizes, Times
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+ - Training performed with Hugging Face `Trainer`.
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+ - Training time: ~20–30 mins on a single GPU (Tesla T4); longer on CPU.
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+ - Final checkpoint size: ~47 MB.
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+ ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Evaluation
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  ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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  #### Testing Data
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+ - Evaluation performed on the **GLUE MRPC validation set** (~408 examples).
 
 
 
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  #### Factors
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+ - Sentence pairs vary in length, syntactic complexity, and semantic overlap.
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+ - Evaluation primarily captures **semantic similarity** in short news-style English text.
 
 
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  #### Metrics
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+ - **Accuracy**: percentage of correctly classified sentence pairs.
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+ - **F1 Score**: harmonic mean of precision and recall, important due to class imbalance.
 
 
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  ### Results
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+ (Expected range for ALBERT-base on MRPC — please replace with your actual run metrics if available)
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+ - **Accuracy:** ~86–88%
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+ - **F1 Score:** ~89–91%
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  #### Summary
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+ The fine-tuned ALBERT model achieves strong performance on the MRPC benchmark, demonstrating effectiveness at capturing semantic similarity and paraphrase relationships between sentence pairs.