Method,Accuracy,F1 (macro),AUC-ROC,Source
LSTM (Bahnsen 2018),0.987,,,Literature
URLNet CharCNN (Le 2018),0.985,,0.986,Literature
CharCNN (4c),0.9818717895561238,0.9753171238383057,0.9984977568096811,Ours
RF on URL features (Sahingoz 2019),0.9798,0.9793,,Literature
TF-IDF + LR (4c),0.9775028985173412,0.9688250694651577,0.9976441845497839,Ours
CNN-BiLSTM (4c),0.9775028985173412,0.9704743465155556,0.9978764795395705,Ours
Stacking CNN+LSTM+GRU (Nguyen 2021),0.975,0.972,,Literature
"XGBoost (GPU, 4c)",0.9745237601640062,0.963029237159016,0.9967577752908982,Ours
CharBiLSTM (4c),0.9730111564124417,0.9654044824449659,0.9970405309646729,Ours
XGBoost (Rao & Pais 2019),0.9685,,0.993,Literature
"LightGBM (CPU, 4c)",0.9681047919593977,0.9580879899564781,0.9965663369608954,Ours
CharCNN (Aljofey 2022),0.9675,0.9671,0.991,Literature
Hybrid DNN+LSTM (Ozcan 2021),0.964,,0.973,Literature