Text Classification
Transformers
Safetensors
English
qwen3_5_text
text-generation
decision-model
typed-decisions
one-pass
option-probabilities
Instructions to use thegovind/blink-4b with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- Transformers
How to use thegovind/blink-4b with Transformers:
# Use a pipeline as a high-level helper from transformers import pipeline pipe = pipeline("text-classification", model="thegovind/blink-4b")# Load model directly from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("thegovind/blink-4b") model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("thegovind/blink-4b", device_map="auto") - Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
Shorter card; link the API docs
Browse files
README.md
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# blink-4b
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Send a text or JSON `state` and
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and `score` takes 2–10 ordered levels. Each question gets probabilities over its offered options from
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one forward pass, with no generated text. Long or large multi-question requests may use several batches.
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[blink-4b](https://huggingface.co/thegovind/blink-4b) · [blink-27b](https://huggingface.co/thegovind/blink-27b) ·
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[blink-mimo-9b](https://huggingface.co/thegovind/blink-mimo-9b).
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[Source code](https://github.com/thegovind/blink) · [Docs](https://thegovind.github.io/blink/) · [
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Xiaomi, Alibaba Cloud or the Qwen team. Weights are for non-commercial research; see [Licence](#licence).*
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## Results
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| JevK5 v0.2.0 | 76.1 | 79/111 (own runtime: 82/111) | 0.068 | 0.220 | 62.0 |
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| Jev 1.13.0 | — | — | — | — | 63.3 |
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<details><summary>How to read the public-item numbers</summary>
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- On the public hard items, blink-4b
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- Speed comes from each row's
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- Cost uses JevBench's 4B tariff ($0.03 per million input tokens) times measured tokens per decision; not a production bill.
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</details>
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### Decision Index 0.2 (local run)
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| Balanced skill | Balanced raw | Breadth skill | Without MMLU-Pro |
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|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| 37.85 | 53.33 | 36.78 | 37.41 |
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<details><summary>Extra tables and method</summary>
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| Area | Number of benchmarks | Skill | Raw |
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|---|---:|---:|---:|
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| Tools & Automation | 6 | 51.6 | 60.0 |
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| Arts & Human Taste | 7 | 27.2 | 46.1 |
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| Benchmark | Metric | Requests | Answered | Raw | Skill |
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| When2Call MCQ | accuracy | 3,652 | 3,652 | 62.8 | 50.3 |
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| New Yorker caption matching | accuracy | 528 | 528 | 58.9 | 48.6 |
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- All 151,034
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- These are point estimates, with no significance, calibration, or latency claims. Do not compare them with 0.1 numbers because the editions differ.
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Training-row text matches in
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| Training stage | Rows in the stage | Rows matching added-request text | From MMLU-Pro | From SuperGPQA | Other |
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|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| T3 | 23,156 | 138 | 131 | 6 | 1 |
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| T4 | 42,360 | 156 | 148 | 7 | 1 |
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We did not produce the planned calibration read or a score without the DI-S selection sample.
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</details>
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| Model | Size class | Decision Index 0.1 | Skill | Breadth |
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| **blink-4b**
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| Jev 1.13.0 | closed | 59.51 | 46.26 | 44.79 |
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| Jevfire | 27B | 55.74 | 40.86 | 39.45 |
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| JoshuaSP diffusiongemma (open-jev) | 26B-A4B | 55.56 | 40.84 | 39.19 |
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| Kev 9B | 9B | 50.48 | 32.96 | 30.54 |
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| Kev 4B | 4B | 47.43 | 28.86 | 25.67 |
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We ran the complete archived 0.1 suite: 132,422 requests across 37 benchmarks. The headline index averages 19 panel benchmarks. Comparison rows use the 2026-09-22 leaderboard snapshot. We ran the official kit's scorer locally; these aren't leaderboard submissions. The live [Decision Index](https://huggingface.co/spaces/multimodalart/jev-decision-index) moved to 0.2 on 2026-09-24. Our local 0.2 run is in the section above.
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On the archived 0.1 board, the best open entry with 3.5–5B served parameters was Kev 4B at 47.43; this model scored 52.12.
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| Area | blink-4b | Jev 1.13.0 |
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| Knowledge & Reasoning | 49.1 | 68.8 |
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| Tools & Automation | 70.2 | 73.6 |
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| Arts & Human Judgment | 50.2 | 56.2 |
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| Area | Benchmark |
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|---|---|---:|---:|
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| Knowledge | MMLU | 0.749 | 0.917 |
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| Knowledge | GPQA Diamond | 0.372 | 0.783 |
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</details>
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## What we changed in the network
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| Backbone | Qwen3.5-4B text model; 32 decoder layers (24 Gated DeltaNet, 8 full-attention), hidden 2560; 4,205,751,296 shipped text parameters |
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| Tuned | 32.5M LoRA parameters, merged before averaging |
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| Final weights | Uniform weight average ("soup") of T3, T4 step 300 and T4 final |
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T3/T4 also used KL anchors to the base model: its distributions on prompts whose teacher answers failed verification.
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**LoRA targets (rank 16, alpha 32, every language-model layer):** full-attention `q_proj`, `k_proj`, `v_proj`, `o_proj`;
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Gated DeltaNet `in_proj_qkv`, `in_proj_z`, `in_proj_a`, `in_proj_b`, `out_proj`; and every MLP's
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`gate_proj`, `up_proj`, `down_proj`. Token embeddings, all norms and `lm_head` stayed frozen.
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The trained adapters were merged into the text weights.
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Qwen3.5-4B is a vision-language model; this checkpoint ships only its text model. The vision encoder and multi-token-prediction (MTP) head were cut: 0 vision tensors, 0 MTP tensors.
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**The real cut is at readout:** no text generation. One prompt pass; next-token logits from only the
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offered option-label rows of `lm_head` (verified single tokens A–Z, then two-letter labels), computed in
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FP32 and softmaxed over those letters. The rest of the vocabulary is ignored.
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**Objective:** "calibration-oriented decision post-training" is plain supervised fine-tuning.
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Cross-entropy uses each row's target distribution: code-computed exact probabilities, probability
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targets in teacher-written questions kept after a blind re-solve by that same teacher agreed, and
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one-hot labels otherwise. For blink-4b, the base model's distributions on anchor rows are also targets. Choice and yes/no options and letter assignments are
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reshuffled each epoch; score levels keep their order. Jev's RLCD recipe isn't public; we didn't
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use or reproduce it. No RL or preference optimisation.
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## The climb
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DI-S is the 3,000-request sample. JevBench hard and ECE here are public-item numbers, not official scores.
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| Step | DI 0.1 | Public hard | Hard ECE | Why |
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| Qwen3.5-4B, zero-shot | 44.45 DI-S | 0.595 | 0.131 | Baseline before decision training. |
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| T1 (106.7k rows; lr 1e-4; 355 steps) | 53.15 DI-S | 0.559 | — | Public train splits plus exact-probability items lifted DI-S but hurt hard items; NLI/classification didn't transfer to long documents. |
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| T3 (23,156 question rows; lr 3e-5; 96 steps) | — | 0.649 | 0.089 | Restarted from base with worlds (including "can't tell"), exact probabilities, teacher-written docs, ~10% public replay and 7.6% base anchors. |
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| T4 (42,360 question rows; lr 4e-5; 472 steps) | — | 0.712 (step 300); 0.676 (final) | — | Added judge-style items; the earlier checkpoint did better on hard cases. |
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| **Soup (T3 + T4 step 300 + T4 final)** | 52.12 full | 0.721 | 0.067 | Averaged three checkpoints for hard accuracy and calibration; shipped. |
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**Tried, didn't keep:**
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- Distilling 27B answers into 4B didn't help on hard items.
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- A DI-focused 4B gained just +0.4 on DI-S.
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- Mixing JevK5 weights into the soup didn't help.
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- Qwen3.5-9B with the T1 recipe scored 54.5 DI-S, below our pre-set bar.
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## Use
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```python
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## Run it as a server
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`serve.py`
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`GET /v1/models`. From server-side code, point TypeSafe's Python or JavaScript SDK at the server with
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`TYPESAFE_BASE_URL`;
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JevBench's stock `typesafe` adapter and the Decision Index kit's `http` engine still work unchanged.
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`GET /healthz` reports startup checks. `v1.2` changes code only; its weights are identical to `v1.0`.
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See the [wire-format reference](https://thegovind.github.io/blink/wire-format/) for full API details.
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```sh
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pip install "torch==2.13.0" "transformers==5.17.0" "flash-linear-attention==0.5.2" "accelerate>=1.1.0" safetensors huggingface_hub
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# TypeSafe SDKs: export TYPESAFE_BASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:8000 TYPESAFE_API_KEY=any
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```
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```sh
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cd blink-4b
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docker build -t blink-4b . && docker run --rm --gpus all -p 127.0.0.1:8000:8000 blink-4b
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```
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are hashed before serving; a mismatch stops startup), `warmup.repeat_identical` (two matching warm-up
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answers), `kernels` (fast path or slower fallback without flash-linear-attention), `versions` and `hub_offline`.
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- Limits: 255 options per choice, 2–10 score levels, 131,072 input tokens per question and 512 questions
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per request. Over-limit requests get HTTP 422 with the reason; nothing is truncated.
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- `GET /v1/models` lists the one served model with a blank `release_date`. Every request uses that model
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regardless of its `model` field.
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- The server is open by default. Set `--api-key` or `BLINK_API_KEY` to require `Authorization: Bearer <key>` on both API
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routes. Missing or wrong keys get 401; `/healthz` stays open.
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- Error bodies put the reason in `error` and `detail`. Over-limit requests return 422, with nothing cut.
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- Requests run one at a time. Questions are batched; each batch takes one forward pass (large requests
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can take more than one). Serving the downloaded folder or Docker image enables Hugging Face offline
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mode before model loading (`hub_offline: true`). The server doesn't otherwise restrict network access.
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- Set `--batch-window-ms 5` to turn on cross-request batching with a 5 ms collection window, up to
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`--max-batch-requests` requests at a time, which defaults to 16. The window defaults to 0, so requests still
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run one at a time. `--max-queued-requests` lets up to 64 requests wait for a batch by default. Excess requests
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get HTTP 529 with `Retry-After`, so clients should retry. `v1.1` returned HTTP 503 for a full queue. On a
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1,000-request Decision Index sample over HTTP, throughput rose about 20% with 4 concurrent clients and 24%
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with 16. One client saw no gain. Offline runs on long documents showed no meaningful gain. On the Decision
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Index sample, a set of long workflow documents, and the public TypeSafe cases, batched answers passed the same
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numerical-parity checks against an FP32 reference as one-at-a-time answers, covering argmax agreement and
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probability differences. TypeSafe documents were sent as JSON objects. A few near-tied answers can still flip.
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Batching arrived in `v1.1`. The current code revision is `v1.2`, with weights identical to `v1.0`. Update the
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two code files in an existing `v1.0` download, then restart with the flag:
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```sh
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hf download thegovind/blink-4b serve.py blink.py --revision v1.2 --local-dir blink-4b
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python blink-4b/serve.py --model ./blink-4b --port 8000 --batch-window-ms 5
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```
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- blink-4b weights are 8.4 GB in bf16. Long prompts need more memory.
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</details>
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<details><summary>Training and data</summary>
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###
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| Stage | Question rows | Mix |
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|---|---:|---|
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| T3 | 23,156 | 11,352 decision worlds · 3,741 teacher-written question rows · 2,579 exact-probability worlds · 2,221 public-source (~10%) · 1,763 base-model anchors (7.6%) · 1,500 program-generated reasoning |
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| T4 | 42,360 | 12,000 decision worlds · 7,860 teacher-written question rows · 7,000 judge-style · 6,220 exact-probability worlds · 3,500 base-model anchors (8.3%) · 3,000 program-generated reasoning · 2,780 public-source |
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T4 judge-style
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The released weights average three checkpoints fine-tuned from the base: T3 (lr 3e-5, 96 steps), T4 at step 300 and T4 at its final step 472 (lr 4e-5). The base-model anchor targets come from the base's own distributions on authored prompts whose teacher answers failed verification. Qwen3.8-27B wrote the teacher documents and their typed questions.
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### Data sources and licences
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| SciQ | CC BY-NC 3.0 |
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| iSarcasmEval | MIT (upstream repository licence) |
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| VAST, Humicroedit, OpenBookQA | None stated by source |
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These are source-repository licences; they
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</details>
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### Evaluation notes
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- **Final-mixture audit.** Rechecked every question row (including teacher-written rows, plus base-model anchors) against the complete 0.1 suite (132,422 requests) and JevBench's 231 public items. The checks looked for exact matches of normalised strings of at least 30 characters in any field and shared 13-word passages in each row's question text (instructions, state.question, state.code). Strings or passages seen in 20 or more suite requests were treated as prompt templates and ignored. No public JevBench item matched under these checks; a separate position check found no shared chess positions.
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- **Suite overlap.** No content match with the 0.1 suite under these checks; all 36 flags were the fixed BANKING77 prompt template.
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- **Audit limits.** The 13-word passage check didn't search long-document bodies or option text. Semantic or pretraining overlap can't be ruled out, and private JevBench items weren't available to check.
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- **Generated reasoning.** Our programs computed the labels for CRUXEval-style code and CLadder-style causal questions; no items from those benchmarks were used. We didn't reuse the suite's GSM8K distractors.
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- **Teacher documents.** We kept Qwen3.8-27B's documents only if a fresh blind solve by that same teacher agreed with the answer. That's an agreement filter, not independent verification.
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- The repo ships no benchmark items, GPQA text, JevBench items or teacher traces.
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- **JevBench selection.** We scored all 231 public items on each candidate checkpoint and used JevK5's 65 hand-written hard items (Apache-2.0) as a second selection set. None went into training; these are development results.
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- **Temperature.** A split held out from T4 suggested T = 0.82, with negligible gain. But 166 of its 401 items were in T3 training, so it isn't held out from the released average. We kept T = 1.0 without fitting it.
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- **One-time lockbox.** We read held-out authored items from domains unseen in any of the three checkpoints' training data (same generator families, not JevBench's sealed set) once: accuracy 0.861 and ECE 0.026 over 396 items.
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### Limits
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- English-centric. Training included Arabic iSarcasmEval rows; on the 0.1 suite, Arabic task A scored 0.313 and task C pairs 0.645. Broader multilingual performance hasn't been established.
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- Doesn't chat or explain answers.
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- Text in the state can sway the answer.
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- Date arithmetic and long policies are its weakest cases.
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</details>
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##
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Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B is Apache-2.0 (`LICENSE-Qwen`). The blink weights are for **non-commercial research and evaluation
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only** (`LICENSE.md`); commercial use isn't licensed. Training used non-commercial, share-alike and unlicensed
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sources (see the table above). It's unsettled whether their terms reach the weights, so check upstream terms too.
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`blink.py`, `serve.py` and the Dockerfile are Apache-2.0.
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The Qwen team (base models). SemIf (MIT) for the evidence/criterion/options prompt layout. The Decision Index kit (MIT) and JevBench (MIT) for evaluation. JevK5 (Apache-2.0) for its hand-written hard items, used for evaluation only.
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</details>
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# blink-4b
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Send a text or JSON `state` and typed questions: `choice` picks from up to 255 options, `noul` is yes/no, and `score` takes 2–10 ordered levels. Each question gets probabilities over its offered options from one forward pass, with no generated text. Long or large multi-question requests may use several batches.
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**Try it:** [Space demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/thegovind/blink) · [blink-4b](https://huggingface.co/thegovind/blink-4b) · [blink-27b](https://huggingface.co/thegovind/blink-27b) · [blink-mimo-9b](https://huggingface.co/thegovind/blink-mimo-9b) · [Source code](https://github.com/thegovind/blink) · [Docs](https://thegovind.github.io/blink/) · [API](https://thegovind.github.io/blink/api/)
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## At a glance
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| Attribute | Detail |
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|---|---|
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| Base model | [Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B) (text model only; vision encoder and MTP head removed) |
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| Weights size | 8.4 GB (bf16, 4,205,751,296 parameters) |
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| Revision | v1.2 (code revision; weights identical to v1.0) |
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| License | Non-commercial research only ([LICENSE.md](LICENSE.md)); base model Apache-2.0 (`LICENSE-Qwen`) |
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## Results
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| JevK5 v0.2.0 | 76.1 | 79/111 (own runtime: 82/111) | 0.068 | 0.220 | 62.0 |
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| Jev 1.13.0 | — | — | — | — | 63.3 |
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The JevBench numbers are public-item development proxies, not official scores, and claim no rank or parity. Official scoring requires held-out, judge, and sealed items.
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<details><summary>How to read the public-item numbers</summary>
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- On the public hard items, blink-4b scored 80/111 and JevK5 scored 79/111 in the same runtime; JevK5's own runtime reports 82/111. No hard-accuracy advantage is claimed. blink-4b's 95% Wilson interval is 0.631–0.796, before selection effects.
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- Speed comes from each row's serial run, applying JevBench's self-hosted adjustment.
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- Cost uses JevBench's 4B tariff ($0.03 per million input tokens) times measured tokens per decision; not a production bill.
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</details>
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### Decision Index 0.2 (local run)
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Decision Index numbers are local runs of the official kit (commit 19ad28e on 2026-09-25), not leaderboard submissions. The 0.2 run is descriptive: known training exposure stays in the scores, with no leaderboard-style penalty, so it isn't ranked. Training included 281 MMLU-Pro test-partition questions, which contaminate the 0.2 MMLU-Pro score. "Without MMLU-Pro" is a sensitivity check, not a clean score.
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| Balanced skill | Balanced raw | Breadth skill | Without MMLU-Pro |
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|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| 37.85 | 53.33 | 36.78 | 37.41 |
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<details><summary>Breakdown by area and added benchmarks</summary>
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| Area | Number of benchmarks | Skill | Raw |
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|---|---:|---:|---:|
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| Tools & Automation | 6 | 51.6 | 60.0 |
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| Arts & Human Taste | 7 | 27.2 | 46.1 |
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Benchmarks added in 0.2:
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| Benchmark | Metric | Requests | Answered | Raw | Skill |
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|---|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| When2Call MCQ | accuracy | 3,652 | 3,652 | 62.8 | 50.3 |
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| New Yorker caption matching | accuracy | 528 | 528 | 58.9 | 48.6 |
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- All 151,034 scoreable requests scored across 40 counted benchmarks in five equal areas.
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- Shared requests reuse 0.1 predictions; the 30,419 added requests ran with the frozen evaluated soup at temperature 1.0.
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- Point estimates only; no significance, calibration, or latency claims. Do not compare with 0.1 due to edition differences.
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Training-row text matches in added requests:
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| Training stage | Rows in the stage | Rows matching added-request text | From MMLU-Pro | From SuperGPQA | Other |
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|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
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| T3 | 23,156 | 138 | 131 | 6 | 1 |
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| T4 | 42,360 | 156 | 148 | 7 | 1 |
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Exact normalised strings >= 30 characters shared by training rows and added requests (excluding strings in >= 20 requests). Counts reflect training rows by stage and source, not unique test questions.
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</details>
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<details><summary>Decision Index 0.1 (archived edition)</summary>
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Local run of the archived 0.1 suite (132,422 requests across 37 benchmarks; 19 panel benchmarks averaged for headline index; comparison rows from 2026-09-22 leaderboard snapshot).
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| Model | Size class | Decision Index 0.1 | Skill | Breadth |
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|---|---|---:|---:|---:|
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| **blink-4b** | 4B | 52.12 | 36.04 | 34.18 |
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| Jev 1.13.0 | closed | 59.51 | 46.26 | 44.79 |
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| Jevfire | 27B | 55.74 | 40.86 | 39.45 |
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| JoshuaSP diffusiongemma (open-jev) | 26B-A4B | 55.56 | 40.84 | 39.19 |
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| Kev 9B | 9B | 50.48 | 32.96 | 30.54 |
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| Kev 4B | 4B | 47.43 | 28.86 | 25.67 |
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| Area | blink-4b | Jev 1.13.0 |
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|---|---:|---:|
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| Knowledge & Reasoning | 49.1 | 68.8 |
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| Tools & Automation | 70.2 | 73.6 |
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| Arts & Human Judgment | 50.2 | 56.2 |
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Per benchmark scores (19 panel benchmarks, 0.1):
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| Area | Benchmark | blink-4b | Jev 1.13.0 |
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|---|---|---:|---:|
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| Knowledge | MMLU | 0.749 | 0.917 |
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| Knowledge | GPQA Diamond | 0.372 | 0.783 |
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</details>
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## Use
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| 149 |
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| 150 |
```python
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| 174 |
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| 175 |
## Run it as a server
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| 176 |
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| 177 |
+
`serve.py` serves `POST /v1/systemone` and `GET /v1/models`, compatible with TypeSafe server-side Python and JavaScript SDKs (`TYPESAFE_BASE_URL`), JevBench's `typesafe` adapter, and Decision Index's `http` engine. `GET /healthz` reports startup checks. Optional authentication via `--api-key` or `BLINK_API_KEY` requires `Authorization: Bearer <key>` on API routes (returns 401 if missing or invalid; `/healthz` stays open). Error bodies provide details in `error` and `detail`; over-limit requests return 422 without truncation. Requests run one at a time by default, batching questions into single forward passes. Enable cross-request batching with `--batch-window-ms 5` (up to `--max-batch-requests 16`, `--max-queued-requests 64`). Excess queued requests return 529 with `Retry-After` (v1.1 returned 503). See the [API reference](https://thegovind.github.io/blink/api/) for details.
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| 178 |
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| 179 |
```sh
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| 180 |
pip install "torch==2.13.0" "transformers==5.17.0" "flash-linear-attention==0.5.2" "accelerate>=1.1.0" safetensors huggingface_hub
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| 183 |
# TypeSafe SDKs: export TYPESAFE_BASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:8000 TYPESAFE_API_KEY=any
|
| 184 |
```
|
| 185 |
|
| 186 |
+
Check health: `curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8000/healthz`.
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| 187 |
|
| 188 |
+
Run with Docker:
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| 189 |
|
| 190 |
```sh
|
| 191 |
cd blink-4b
|
| 192 |
docker build -t blink-4b . && docker run --rm --gpus all -p 127.0.0.1:8000:8000 blink-4b
|
| 193 |
```
|
| 194 |
|
| 195 |
+
To enable cross-request batching:
|
| 196 |
+
|
| 197 |
+
```sh
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|
| 198 |
hf download thegovind/blink-4b serve.py blink.py --revision v1.2 --local-dir blink-4b
|
| 199 |
python blink-4b/serve.py --model ./blink-4b --port 8000 --batch-window-ms 5
|
| 200 |
```
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|
| 201 |
|
| 202 |
+
## Details
|
| 203 |
+
|
| 204 |
+
<details><summary>Architecture and training progression</summary>
|
| 205 |
|
| 206 |
+

|
| 207 |
|
| 208 |
+
| | What ships |
|
| 209 |
|---|---|
|
| 210 |
+
| Backbone | Qwen3.5-4B text model; 32 decoder layers (24 Gated DeltaNet, 8 full-attention), hidden 2560; 4,205,751,296 shipped text parameters |
|
| 211 |
+
| Tuned | 32.5M LoRA parameters, merged before averaging |
|
| 212 |
+
| Final weights | Uniform weight average ("soup") of T3, T4 step 300 and T4 final |
|
| 213 |
+
|
| 214 |
+
**LoRA targets (rank 16, alpha 32, every language-model layer):** full-attention `q_proj`, `k_proj`, `v_proj`, `o_proj`; Gated DeltaNet `in_proj_qkv`, `in_proj_z`, `in_proj_a`, `in_proj_b`, `out_proj`; and every MLP's `gate_proj`, `up_proj`, `down_proj`. Token embeddings, all norms and `lm_head` stayed frozen. The trained adapters were merged into the text weights.
|
| 215 |
+
|
| 216 |
+
The vision encoder and multi-token-prediction (MTP) head were cut: 0 vision tensors, 0 MTP tensors.
|
| 217 |
+
|
| 218 |
+
Readout takes next-token logits from offered option labels in `lm_head` (single tokens A–Z, then two-letter labels), computed in FP32 and softmaxed over offered letters. The rest of the vocabulary is ignored. These are option-conditional model probabilities, not certified chances of being right.
|
| 219 |
+
|
| 220 |
+
Training used supervised fine-tuning with cross-entropy against target distributions: exact probabilities, teacher-verified probabilities, or one-hot labels, plus base-model KL anchor distributions on teacher-rejected prompts. Choice and yes/no options reshuffled each epoch; score levels maintained order. No RL or preference optimization.
|
| 221 |
+
|
| 222 |
+

|
| 223 |
+
|
| 224 |
+
Training progression across steps:
|
| 225 |
+
|
| 226 |
+
| Step | DI 0.1 | Public hard | Hard ECE | Notes |
|
| 227 |
+
|---|---:|---:|---:|---|
|
| 228 |
+
| Qwen3.5-4B, zero-shot | 44.45 DI-S | 0.595 | 0.131 | Baseline before decision training. |
|
| 229 |
+
| T1 (106.7k rows; lr 1e-4; 355 steps) | 53.15 DI-S | 0.559 | — | Public train splits and exact-probability items lifted DI-S but hurt hard items; NLI/classification did not transfer to long documents. |
|
| 230 |
+
| T3 (23,156 question rows; lr 3e-5; 96 steps) | — | 0.649 | 0.089 | Restarted from base with worlds, exact probabilities, teacher-written docs, ~10% public replay, and 7.6% base anchors. |
|
| 231 |
+
| T4 (42,360 question rows; lr 4e-5; 472 steps) | — | 0.712 (step 300); 0.676 (final) | — | Added judge-style items; earlier checkpoint performed better on hard cases. |
|
| 232 |
+
| **Soup (T3 + T4 step 300 + T4 final)** | 52.12 full | 0.721 | 0.067 | Averaged three checkpoints for hard accuracy and calibration; shipped. |
|
| 233 |
+
|
| 234 |
+
Negative results: distilling 27B answers into 4B did not help on hard items; a DI-focused 4B gained +0.4 on DI-S; mixing JevK5 weights into the soup did not help; Qwen3.5-9B with the T1 recipe scored 54.5 DI-S.
|
| 235 |
|
| 236 |
</details>
|
| 237 |
|
| 238 |
+
<details><summary>Training data and data licenses</summary>
|
| 239 |
|
| 240 |
+
### Training data mix
|
| 241 |
|
| 242 |
| Stage | Question rows | Mix |
|
| 243 |
|---|---:|---|
|
| 244 |
| T3 | 23,156 | 11,352 decision worlds · 3,741 teacher-written question rows · 2,579 exact-probability worlds · 2,221 public-source (~10%) · 1,763 base-model anchors (7.6%) · 1,500 program-generated reasoning |
|
| 245 |
| T4 | 42,360 | 12,000 decision worlds · 7,860 teacher-written question rows · 7,000 judge-style · 6,220 exact-probability worlds · 3,500 base-model anchors (8.3%) · 3,000 program-generated reasoning · 2,780 public-source |
|
| 246 |
|
| 247 |
+
T4 judge-style includes 3,000 GSM8K-train solution checks, 2,500 Dolly-15k routing, and 1,500 program-answer checks. Teacher documents and typed questions were generated by Qwen3.8-27B and kept only when a blind re-solve by the same teacher agreed.
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| 248 |
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| 249 |
### Data sources and licences
|
| 250 |
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| 261 |
| SciQ | CC BY-NC 3.0 |
|
| 262 |
| iSarcasmEval | MIT (upstream repository licence) |
|
| 263 |
| VAST, Humicroedit, OpenBookQA | None stated by source |
|
| 264 |
+
| Code-generated worlds and teacher-written documents (Qwen3.8-27B) | See LICENSE.md |
|
| 265 |
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| 266 |
+
These are source-repository licences; they do not settle rights in every underlying text.
|
| 267 |
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| 268 |
</details>
|
| 269 |
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|
| 271 |
|
| 272 |
### Evaluation notes
|
| 273 |
|
| 274 |
+
- **Held-out and selection:** Candidate checkpoints and prompt format were selected on DI-S (3,000 requests). blink-4b was fixed using JevBench development proxies before its full-suite run. It scored 52.29 on the 129,422 requests outside DI-S. Public JevBench items (231 items) and JevK5's 65 hand-written hard items served as development selection sets; none were included in training. A one-time lockbox of 396 held-out authored items from domains unseen in any of the three checkpoints' training data (same generator families, not JevBench's sealed set) scored 0.861 accuracy and 0.026 ECE.
|
| 275 |
+
- **Training overlap and audit:** Public train splits also used by the 0.1 index include ContractNLI, iSarcasmEval, VAST, Amazon ESCI, Humicroedit, and GSM8K train split. ANLI and BANKING77 train splits were also used. Public sources included 281 MMLU-Pro test-partition questions and 2 GPQA extended-set questions. An audit of all question rows against the 0.1 suite and JevBench public items found no content matches (all 36 flags were the BANKING77 template); no public JevBench items or chess positions matched. The 13-word passage check didn't search long-document bodies or option text. Semantic or pretraining overlap can't be ruled out, and private JevBench items weren't available to check.
|
| 276 |
+
- **Temperature:** A split held out from T4 suggested T = 0.82, with negligible gain. But 166 of its 401 items were in T3 training, so it isn't held out from the released average. Temperature 1.0 is retained without fitting.
|
| 277 |
+
- **Limits:** English-centric (Arabic task A scored 0.313, task C pairs 0.645 on 0.1; broader multilingual ability is unestablished); does not chat or explain answers; text in state can sway answers; date arithmetic and long policies are the weakest cases. Limits: 255 options per choice, 2–10 score levels, 131,072 input tokens per question (longest evaluated prompt: 37,906 tokens) and 512 questions per request; over-limit requests get HTTP 422 with the reason, never truncated.
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| 278 |
|
| 279 |
</details>
|
| 280 |
|
| 281 |
+
## License
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| 282 |
|
| 283 |
+
Code (`blink.py`, `serve.py`, Dockerfile): Apache-2.0. Weights: non-commercial research only; see [LICENSE.md](LICENSE.md). Base model: Apache-2.0 (`LICENSE-Qwen`).
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